Protein profiling of single epidermal cell types from Arabidopsis thaliana using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Ebert, Berit; Melle, Christian; Lieckfeldt, Elke; Zöller, Daniela; von Eggeling, Ferdinand; Fisahn, Joachim

2008-08-25

Here, we describe a novel approach for investigating differential protein expression within three epidermal cell types. In particular, 3000 single pavement, basal, and trichome cells from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were harvested by glass micro-capillaries. Subsequently, these single cell samples were joined to form pools of 100 individual cells and analyzed using the ProteinChip technology; SELDI: surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization. As a result, numerous protein signals that were differentially expressed in the three epidermal cell types could be detected. One of these proteins was characterized by tryptical digestion and subsequent identification via tandem quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. Down regulation of this sequenced small subunit precursor of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase(C) oxygenase(O) (RuBisCo) in trichome and basal cells indicates the sink status of these cell types that are located on the surface of A. thaliana source leaves. Based on the obtained protein profiles, we suggest a close functional relationship between basal and trichome cells at the protein level.

Optical characteristics of BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choe, Sung-Hyu [Chosun University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of); Jin, Moon-Seog [Dongshin University, Naju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Wha-Tek [Chonnam National University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of)

2005-11-15

BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}, BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+}, BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}, and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals were grown by using the chemical transport reaction method. The optical energy gaps of the single crystals were investigated in the temperature region from 11 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap was well fitted by the Varshni equation. Two broad emission bands were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the single crystals. These bands were attributed to donor-acceptor pair recombinations. Sharp emission peaks were observed in the BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} and the BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals and were assigned to radiation recombination between split Stark levels of Ho{sup 3+}.

EGF–FGF{sub 2} stimulates the proliferation and improves the neuronal commitment of mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bressan, Raul Bardini; Melo, Fernanda Rosene; Almeida, Patricia Alves; Bittencourt, Denise Avani; Visoni, Silvia; Jeremias, Talita Silva [Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário – Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC (Brazil); Costa, Ana Paula; Leal, Rodrigo Bainy [Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário – Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC (Brazil); Trentin, Andrea Gonçalves, E-mail: andrea.trentin@ufsc.br [Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário – Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC (Brazil)

2014-09-10

Epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs), which reside in the bulge of hair follicles, are attractive candidates for several applications in cell therapy, drug screening and tissue engineering. As suggested remnants of the embryonic neural crest (NC) in an adult location, EPI-NCSCs are able to generate a wide variety of cell types and are readily accessible by a minimally invasive procedure. Since the combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF{sub 2}) is mitogenic and promotes the neuronal commitment of various stem cell populations, we examined its effects in the proliferation and neuronal potential of mouse EPI-NCSCs. By using a recognized culture protocol of bulge whiskers follicles, we were able to isolate a population of EPI-NCSCs, characterized by the migratory potential, cell morphology and expression of phenotypic markers of NC cells. EPI-NCSCs expressed neuronal, glial and smooth muscle markers and exhibited the NC-like fibroblastic morphology. The treatment with the combination EGF and FGF{sub 2}, however, increased their proliferation rate and promoted the acquisition of a neuronal-like morphology accompanied by reorganization of neural cytoskeletal proteins βIII-tubulin and nestin, as well as upregulation of the pan neuronal marker βIII-tubulin and down regulation of the undifferentiated NC, glial and smooth muscle cell markers. Moreover, the treatment enhanced the response of EPI-NCSCs to neurogenic stimulation, as evidenced by induction of GAP43, and increased expression of Mash-1 in neuron-like cell, both neuronal-specific proteins. Together, the results suggest that the combination of EGF–FGF2 stimulates the proliferation and improves the neuronal potential of EPI-NCSCs similarly to embryonic NC cells, ES cells and neural progenitor/stem cells of the central nervous system and highlights the advantage of using EGF–FGF{sub 2} in neuronal differentiation protocols. - Highlights: • EPI

Low-leakage superconducting tunnel junctions with a single-crystal Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} barrier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oh, S [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Cicak, K; Osborn, K D; Simmonds, R W; Pappas, D P [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); McDermott, R; Cooper, K B; Steffen, M; Martinis, J M [University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States)

2005-10-01

We have developed a two-step growth scheme for single-crystal Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} tunnel barriers. The barriers are epitaxially grown on single-crystal rhenium (Re) base electrodes that are grown epitaxially on a sapphire substrate, while polycrystalline Al is used as the top electrode. We show that by first growing an amorphous aluminium (Al) oxide layer at room temperature and crystallizing it at a high temperature in oxygen environment, a morphologically intact single-crystal Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer is obtained. Tunnel junctions fabricated from these trilayers show very low subgap leakage current. This single-crystal Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} junction may open a new venue for coherent quantum devices.

Growth and Characterization of Ce- Substituted Nd<sub>2sub>Fe>14sub>¹¹B Single Crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Susner, M. A. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Conner, B. S. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Saparov, B. I. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; McGuire, M. A. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Crumlin, E. J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source; Veith, G. M. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source; Cao, H. B. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Quantum Condensed Matter Division; Shanavas, K. V. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Parker, D. S. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Chakoumakos, B. C. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Quantum Condensed Matter Division; Sales, B. C. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division

2015-08-31

Single crystals of (Nd<sub>1-xsub>Ce_x)>2sub>Fe>14sub>B are grown out of Fe-(Nd,Ce) flux. Chemical and structural analysis of the crystals indicates that (Nd<sub>1-xsub>Ce_x)>2sub>Fe>14sub>B forms a solid solution until at least x = 0.38 with a Vegard-like variation of the lattice constants with x. Refinements of single crystal neutron diffraction data indicate that Ce has a slight site preference (7:3) for the 4g rare earth site over the 4f site. Furthermore, magnetization measurements show that for x = 0.38 the saturation magnetization at 400 K, a temperature important to applications, falls from 29.8 for the parent Nd<sub>2sub>Fe>14sub>B to 27.6 μ<sub>B>/f.u., the anisotropy field decreases from 5.5 T to 4.7 T, and the Curie temperature decreases from 586 to 543 K. First principles calculations carried out within density functional theory are used to explain the decrease in magnetic properties due to Ce substitution. Although the presence of the lower-cost and more abundant Ce slightly affects these important magnetic characteristics, this decrease is not large enough to affect a multitude of applications. Ce-substituted Nd<sub>2sub>Fe>14sub>B is therefore a potential high-performance permanent magnet material with substantially reduced Nd content.

{sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of single-crystalline K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} and K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, Yuu, E-mail: tsuchiya.yuu1990@gmail.com; Ikeda, Shugo; Kobayashi, Hisao [University of Hyogo (Japan)

2016-12-15

We have investigated the physical properties of single-crystalline K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} and K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2} samples using {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The observed {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectra were reconstructed using a major antiferromagnetic ordered K{sub 2}Fe{sub 4}Se{sub 5} phase and a minor paramagnetic phase down to 5 K, despite being superconducting below 32.2 K in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2}. The analysis of {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectrum for K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} at 290 K confirms the presence of a major antiferromagnetic ordered K{sub 2}Fe{sub 4}S{sub 5} phase and a minor paramagnetic phase in the K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} single crystal. The derived hyperfine interaction parameters of the paramagnetic phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} suggest that the microstructure of this phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} is similar to that of the superconducting phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2} although the K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} single crystals exhibit no superconductivity down to 5 K.

Synthesis and reactivity of single-phase Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} intermetallic compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jae-Hwan, E-mail: kim.jaehwan@jaea.go.jp [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Sector of Fusion Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (Japan); Iwakiri, Hirotomo; Furugen, Tatsuaki [Faculty of Education Elementary and Secondary School Teacher Training Program, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa (Japan); Nakamichi, Masaru [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Sector of Fusion Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (Japan)

2016-01-15

Highlights: • Preliminary synthesis of single-phase Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} was succeeded. • Reactivity difference between beryllium and beryllides may be caused by a lattice strain. • Oxidation of Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} at high temperatures results in the formation of TiO{sub 2}. • Simulation results reveal that a stable site for hydrogen at the center of tetrahedron exists. - Abstract: To investigate feasibility for application of Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} as a neutron multiplier as well as a refractory material, single-phase Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} intermetallic compounds were synthesized using an annealing heat treatment of the starting powder and a plasma sintering method. Scanning electron microscopic observations and X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the single-phase Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} compounds were successfully synthesized. We examined the reactivity of Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2} with 1% H{sub 2}O and discovered that a larger stoichiometric amount of Ti resulted in the formation of TiO{sub 2} on the surface at high temperatures. This oxidation may also contribute to an increase in both weight gain and generation of H{sub 2}. This suggests that the formation of the Ti-depleted Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2−x} layer as a result of oxidation facilitates an increased reactivity with H{sub 2}O. To evaluate the safety aspects of Be{sub 17}Ti{sub 2}, we also investigated the hydrogen positions and solution energies based on the first principle. The calculations reveal that there are 10 theoretical sites, where 9 of these sites have hydrogen solution energies with a positive value (endothermic) and 1 site located at the center of a tetrahedron comprising two Be and two Ti atoms gives a negative value (exothermic).

Preparation and oxidation resistance of single crystalline β-Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Hong-xia; Deng, Shu-ping [Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500 (China); Li, De-cong [Photoelectric Engineering College, Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650500 (China); Shen, Lan-xian; Cheng, Feng; Wang, Jin-song [Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500 (China); Deng, Shu-kang, E-mail: skdeng@126.com [Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500 (China)

2016-11-01

This study prepared a Zn-rich single crystal β-Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3} using a Sn flux method based on the stoichiometric ratios of Zn{sub 4.4}Sb{sub 3}Sn{sub 3}. The oxidation resistance of the sample was determined by exploring the effects of heat treatment in air on electrical transport properties and thermal stability, which is of practical importance in the application of the material at high temperatures. Results showed that the prepared sample possessed high electrical transport properties, with a high power factor of 1.67×10{sup −3} W m{sup −1} K{sup −2} at 563 K. The heat treatment in air weakened the electrical conductivity of the single crystalline β-Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3}, whereas the Seebeck coefficients were rarely independent of the annealing condition. Eventually, the power factor obtained after the first heating at 523 K for 4 h became comparable to that of the as-prepared sample, although it decreased after the second heating at 573 K for 5 h. Nevertheless, the single crystalline β-Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3} still possessed a good thermal stability after the heat treatment process.

Near Infrared Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence Microspectroscopy, Infrared Chemical Imaging and High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Soybean Seeds, Somatic Embryos and Single Cells

CERN Document Server

Baianu, I C; Hofmann, N E; Korban, S S; Lozano, P; You, T; AOCS 94th Meeting, Kansas

2002-01-01

Novel methodologies are currently being developed and established for the chemical analysis of soybean seeds, embryos and single cells by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence and High-Resolution NMR (HR-NMR). The first FT-NIR chemical images of biological systems approaching one micron resolution are presented here. Chemical images obtained by FT-NIR and FT-IR Microspectroscopy are presented for oil in soybean seeds and somatic embryos under physiological conditions. FT-NIR spectra of oil and proteins were obtained for volumes as small as two cubic microns. Related, HR-NMR analyses of oil contents in somatic embryos are also presented here with nanoliter precision. Such 400 MHz 1H NMR analyses allowed the selection of mutagenized embryos with higher oil content (e.g. ~20%) compared to non-mutagenized control embryos. Moreover, developmental changes in single soybean seeds and/or somatic embryos may be monitored by FT-NIR with a precision ...

Evaluation of Nine Somatic Variant Callers for Detection of Somatic Mutations in Exome and Targeted Deep Sequencing Data.

Science.gov (United States)

Krøigård, Anne Bruun; Thomassen, Mads; Lænkholm, Anne-Vibeke; Kruse, Torben A; Larsen, Martin Jakob

2016-01-01

Next generation sequencing is extensively applied to catalogue somatic mutations in cancer, in research settings and increasingly in clinical settings for molecular diagnostics, guiding therapy decisions. Somatic variant callers perform paired comparisons of sequencing data from cancer tissue and matched normal tissue in order to detect somatic mutations. The advent of many new somatic variant callers creates a need for comparison and validation of the tools, as no de facto standard for detection of somatic mutations exists and only limited comparisons have been reported. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation using exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing data of paired tumor-normal samples from five breast cancer patients to evaluate the performance of nine publicly available somatic variant callers: EBCall, Mutect, Seurat, Shimmer, Indelocator, Somatic Sniper, Strelka, VarScan 2 and Virmid for the detection of single nucleotide mutations and small deletions and insertions. We report a large variation in the number of calls from the nine somatic variant callers on the same sequencing data and highly variable agreement. Sequencing depth had markedly diverse impact on individual callers, as for some callers, increased sequencing depth highly improved sensitivity. For SNV calling, we report EBCall, Mutect, Virmid and Strelka to be the most reliable somatic variant callers for both exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. For indel calling, EBCall is superior due to high sensitivity and robustness to changes in sequencing depths.

Somatic embryogenesis in cassava: A tool for mutation breeding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, K S; Duren, M Van; Morpurgo, R [Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf (Austria)

1997-07-01

Cassava is an important food and livestock feed crop. The effect of gamma radiation on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cassava clones of African origin was investigated. Explants from young leaves of cassava were cultured on MS medium, supplemented with 18.1 mM 2,4-D and 2 mM CuSO4, solidified with 0.3% Phytagel. Compact and friable calli were observed after 10-15 days of explant culture in dark, which produced somatic embryos in all but one clone. The somatic embryos showed morphological aberrations, such as fused cotyledons, lack of meristematic tip, epicotyl elongation, and had low germination rate; desiccation of embryos increased germination. Histological study showed that the somatic embryos were of multicellular origin. Leaf explants were irradiated with doses between 4 to 38 Gy of gamma rays, and cultured on somatic embryo induction medium. In addition, somatic embryos were irradiated with gamma ray doses from 10 to 18 Gy, and analyzed for germination. LD{sub 50} for embryogenic response of leaf-explants was at around 20 Gy, while that for somatic embryo germination was ca. 10 Gy. (author). 7 refs, 2 tabs.

Spin coherence in a Mn{sub 3} single-molecule magnet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abeywardana, Chathuranga [Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (United States); Mowson, Andrew M.; Christou, George [Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (United States); Takahashi, Susumu, E-mail: susumu.takahashi@usc.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (United States); Department of Physics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (United States)

2016-01-25

Spin coherence in single crystals of the spin S = 6 single-molecule magnet (SMM) [Mn{sub 3}O(O{sub 2}CEt){sub 3}(mpko){sub 3}]{sup +} (abbreviated Mn{sub 3}) has been investigated using 230 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Coherence in Mn{sub 3} was uncovered by significantly suppressing dipolar contribution to the decoherence with complete spin polarization of Mn{sub 3} SMMs. The temperature dependence of spin decoherence time (T{sub 2}) revealed that the dipolar decoherence is the dominant source of decoherence in Mn{sub 3} and T{sub 2} can be extended up to 267 ns by quenching the dipolar decoherence.

Morphology and kinetics of polymorphic transformations in K{sub 0.965}Rb{sub 0.035}NO{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nasirov, V. I.; Bairamov, R. B., E-mail: bayramov.razim@mail.ru; Nasirov, E. V. [Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)

2015-12-15

Polymorphic transformations in K{sub 0.965}Rb{sub 0.035}NO{sub 3} single crystals have been investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The equilibrium temperature between modifications II and III of the crystal studied is determined to be T = 452 ± 0.5 K. It is found that polymorphic transformations are of the single crystal ↔ single crystal type and occur with the formation and growth of nuclei of new crystals in matrix ones at II ↔ III transformations. An empirical dependence of the growth rate of modification III on temperature is established in the form ϑ = ϑ = (–0.478ΔT + 0.712ΔT{sup 2}–0.00041ΔT{sup 3}) × 10{sup –2} cm/s (ΔT = T{sub tr}–T{sub 0}, where T{sub tr} is the transformation temperature and T{sub 0} is the equilibrium temperature)

Epidermal and dermal integumentary structures of ankylosaurian dinosaurs.

Science.gov (United States)

Arbour, Victoria M; Burns, Michael E; Bell, Phil R; Currie, Philip J

2014-01-01

Ankylosaurian dinosaurs are most notable for their abundant and morphologically diverse osteoderms, which would have given them a spiky appearance in life. Isolated osteoderms are relatively common and provide important information about the structure of the ankylosaur dermis, but fossilized impressions of the soft-tissue epidermis of ankylosaurs are rare. Nevertheless, well-preserved integument exists on several ankylosaur fossils that shows osteoderms were covered by a single epidermal scale, but one or many millimeter-sized ossicles may be present under polygonal, basement epidermal scales. Evidence for the taxonomic utility of ankylosaurid epidermal scale architecture is presented for the first time. This study builds on previous osteological work that argues for a greater diversity of ankylosaurids in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta than has been traditionally recognized and adds to the hypothesis that epidermal skin impressions are taxonomically relevant across diverse dinosaur clades. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of Nine Somatic Variant Callers for Detection of Somatic Mutations in Exome and Targeted Deep Sequencing Data.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Bruun Krøigård

Full Text Available Next generation sequencing is extensively applied to catalogue somatic mutations in cancer, in research settings and increasingly in clinical settings for molecular diagnostics, guiding therapy decisions. Somatic variant callers perform paired comparisons of sequencing data from cancer tissue and matched normal tissue in order to detect somatic mutations. The advent of many new somatic variant callers creates a need for comparison and validation of the tools, as no de facto standard for detection of somatic mutations exists and only limited comparisons have been reported. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation using exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing data of paired tumor-normal samples from five breast cancer patients to evaluate the performance of nine publicly available somatic variant callers: EBCall, Mutect, Seurat, Shimmer, Indelocator, Somatic Sniper, Strelka, VarScan 2 and Virmid for the detection of single nucleotide mutations and small deletions and insertions. We report a large variation in the number of calls from the nine somatic variant callers on the same sequencing data and highly variable agreement. Sequencing depth had markedly diverse impact on individual callers, as for some callers, increased sequencing depth highly improved sensitivity. For SNV calling, we report EBCall, Mutect, Virmid and Strelka to be the most reliable somatic variant callers for both exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. For indel calling, EBCall is superior due to high sensitivity and robustness to changes in sequencing depths.

Electronic structure of single crystalline Bi sub 2 (Sr,Ca,La) sub 3 Cu sub 2 O sub 8

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindberg, P A.P.; Shen, Z X; Dessau, D S; Wells, B O; Borg, A; Mitzi, D B; Lindau, I; Spicer, W E; Kapitulnik, A [Stanford Electronics Labs. and Dept. of Applied Physics, Stanford Univ., CA (USA)

1989-12-01

Angle-resolved photoemission experiments on single crystals of Bi{sub 2}(Sr,Ca,La){sub 3}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8} are reported. The data show a dispersionless behaviour of the valence band states as a function of the perpendicular component of the wave vector (along the c-axis), while as a function of the parallel component (in the a-b plane) clear dispersion occurs. Furthermore, polarization-dependent excitations reveal information on the symmetry of the unoccupied states. (orig.).

Magnetic ordering in single crystals of PrBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 sub - subdelta

CERN Document Server

Uma, S; Gmelin, E; Rangarajan, G; Skanthakumar, S; Lynn, J W; Walter, R; Lorenz, T; Büchner, B; Walker, E; Erb, A

1998-01-01

Heat capacity measurements on pure but twinned single crystals of PrBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 sub - subdelta reveal a sharp peak at T sub N sup P sup sub T =16.6 K, which according to thermal expansion, neutron diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility measurements originates from an antiferromagnetic ordering of the Pr-ion moments. A modest coupling to the Cu(2) spin system is observed. Below T sub N sup P sup sub T a first-order transition in the magnetic structure of the Pr spin system (at 13.4 K in warming; approx. 11 K in cooling) is found. Field-dependent heat capacity data show anisotropic temperature dependences of the c sub p -peaks and recover a Schottky-like anomaly due to the crystal-field-split ground state of the Pr sup 3 sup +. (author). Letter-to-the-editor

Structural and intrinsic Josephson properties of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaki, K., E-mail: kyamaki@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp; Murata, K.; Irie, A.

2016-10-15

Highlights: • Single crystals of yttrium-doped BSCCO (BSCYCO) were grown by a self-flux method. • T{sub c} and c-axis lattice constant of BSCYCO were controlled by the substitution of Y. • A multibranch structure was observed up to y = 0.10 (Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ}). • The BSCYCO mesa has higher maximum voltage compared with nondoped BSCCO. - Abstract: In this study, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} (BSCYCO) single crystals with yttrium doping content of y = 0–0.30 were synthesized by a self-flux method. The critical temperature and c-axis lattice constant of BSCYCO were controlled by the substitution of yttrium at the calcium site. A 290 × 90 × 0.4 µm{sup 3} mesa structure was fabricated using photolithography and argon-ion milling. A multibranch structure in current–voltage characteristics was successfully observed for mesas of BSCYCO (y = 0–0.10). The critical current of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in BSCYCO mesas was systematically investigated.

Magnetic properties of single crystalline Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gottlieb, U.; Sulpice, A.; Lambert-Andron, B.; Laborde, O

2003-10-27

A single crystal of MnSi{sub 2-x} was obtained by a modified Czochralski pulling technique in a cold copper crucible. The quality and the nature of the sample were checked by an accurate crystal structure determination, which revealed the sample to be Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7}. Resistivity and magnetic measurements were performed on this sample in the temperature range between 2 K and room temperature and in magnetic fields up to 7.5 T. Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7} shows a metallic behaviour and the good crystal quality was revealed by the high residual resistance ratio of 360. For the magnetic susceptibility we observed a Curie-Weiss law above about 40 K with a low effective moment of p{sub eff}=0.365 {mu}{sub B}/Mn. Below this temperature, moments order in an anisotropic helical state, and in fields above 1 T, they align with a saturation moment of p{sub sat}=0.012 {mu}{sub B}/Mn. Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7} is a weak itinerant magnetic system that could be a good candidate for the observation of the critical quantum fluctuations expected for marginal Fermi liquids.

Magnetic, transport, and optical properties of Ca{sub 0.85}Eu{sub 0.15}MnO{sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naumov, S.V., E-mail: naumov@imp.uran.ru [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of RAS, Kovalevskaya Street 18, Ekaterinburg 620990 (Russian Federation); Loshkareva, N.N.; Mostovshchikova, E.V.; Solin, N.I.; Korolev, A.V.; Arbuzova, T.I.; Telegin, S.V.; Patrakov, E.I. [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of RAS, Kovalevskaya Street 18, Ekaterinburg 620990 (Russian Federation)

2013-01-01

Magnetic, transport and optical properties of the Ca{sub 0.85}Eu{sub 0.15}MnO{sub 3} single crystal are studied and discussed in comparison with the properties of polycrystalline sample. The magnetic data show existence the two magnetic phase transitions under cooling: the transition near 150 K occurs from the paramagnetic orthorhombic to C-type antiferromagnetic monoclinic phase with the charge/orbital ordering in some part of the crystal; and at 90 K the transition from the paramagnetic to G-type antiferromagnetic phase takes place in another part of the crystal with the orthorhombic structure. The magnetoresistance of the Ca{sub 0.85}Eu{sub 0.15}MnO{sub 3} single crystal has features at temperatures of these phase transitions. Differences in the properties of single crystal and polycrystalline sample with the same content of Eu are associated with the ordering of oxygen vacancies that appear under the crystal growth. The reflection spectra in infrared range confirm the existence of the electron conductivity in a narrow band at room temperature.

Rapid synthesis and catalytic performance of {alpha}-Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} single-crystal nanowires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuan, Xinsong; Hu, Xingming; Zhu, Jinmiao; Dong, Huaze; Wang, Yanping [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061 (China); Yang, Baojun [Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction and Material Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Hao, Jianwen [Department of Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College, Hefei 230051 (China)

2011-12-15

Single-crystal {alpha}-Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires were prepared via a ''self-sacrificing template'' route, simply by calcining the prepared {alpha}-MnO{sub 2} nanowire precursors at 550 C for 1.5 h. XRD, TEM, SEM and HRTEM characterizations show that the as-prepared {alpha}-Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} samples are all phase pure and the nanowires have uniform diameters of approximately 15-30 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The catalytic performances of the prepared {alpha}-Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires were studied in the degradation of coking wastewater with H{sub 2}O{sub 2} as the oxidant, and the technological conditions were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. (copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Vertical Bridgman growth and characterization of Cd<sub>0.95-xsub>Mn_xZn>0.05sub>Te (x=0.20, 0.30) single-crystal ingots

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bolotnikov, A. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Kopach, V. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Kopach, O. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Shcherbak, L. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fochuk, P. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Filonenko, S. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); James, R. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

2017-08-01

Solid-liquid phase transitions in Cd<sub>0.95-xsub>Mn_xZn>0.05sub>Te alloys with x = 0.20 and 0.30 were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The heating/cooling rates were 5 and 10 K/min with a melt dwell time of 10, 30 and 60 minutes. Cd<sub>0.95-xsub>Mn_xZn>0.05sub>Te (x=0.20, 0.30) single-crystal ingots were grown by the vertical Bridgman method guided using the DTA results. Te inclusions (1-20 microns), typical for CdTe and Cd(Zn)Te crystals, were observed in the ingots by infrared transmission microscopy. The measured X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all compositions are found to be in a single phase. Using current-voltage (I-V) measurements, the resistivity of the samples from each ingot was estimated to be about 10⁵ Ohm·cm. The optical transmission analysis demonstrated that the band-gap width of the investigated ingots increased from 1.77 to 1.88 eV with the increase of the MnTe content from 20 to 30 mol. %.

Single-crystal structure refinement of YbF{sub 2} with a remark about YbH{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reckeweg, Olaf; DiSalvo, Francis J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology

2017-07-01

Transparent-yellow single crystals of YbF{sub 2} were obtained as only crystalline product from the solid-state reaction of Yb and teflon designed to yield 'Yb{sub 3}C{sub 3}F{sub 2}' in addition to some amorphous black material. The first single-crystal structure determination of YbF{sub 2} (cubic space group Fm anti 3m, CaF{sub 2}-type structure, a = 559.46(16) pm; R1 = 1.2%, wR2 = 3.2%) was the starting point to compare isostructural binary fluorides MF{sub 2} and hydrides MH{sub 2} (M = Ca, Yb, Eu, Sr and Ba) exhibiting an as-yet unexplained small volume per formula unit for YbH{sub 2}.

BiI{sub 3} single crystal for room-temperature gamma ray detectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, T., E-mail: saito.tatsuya125@canon.co.jp [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan); Iwasaki, T. [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan); Kurosawa, S.; Yoshikawa, A. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan); Den, T. [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan)

2016-01-11

BiI{sub 3} single crystals were grown by the physical vapor transport method. The repeated sublimation of the starting material reduced impurities in the BiI{sub 3} single crystal to sub-ppm levels. The detector was fabricated by depositing Au electrodes on both surfaces of the 100-μm-thick BiI{sub 3} single crystal platelet. The resistivity of the BiI{sub 3} single crystal was increased by post-annealing in an iodine atmosphere (ρ=1.6×10{sup 11} Ω cm). Pulse height spectroscopy measurements showed clear peaks in the energy spectrum of alpha particles or gamma rays. It was estimated that the mobility-lifetime product was μ{sub e}τ{sub e}=3.4–8.5×10{sup −6} cm{sup 2}/V and the electron–hole pair creation energy was 5.8 eV. Our results show that BiI{sub 3} single crystals are promising candidates for detectors used in radiographic imaging or gamma ray spectroscopy.

Optical energy gaps and photoluminescence peaks of BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choe, Sung-Hyu [Chosun University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of); Jin, Moon-Seog [Dongshin University, Naju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Wha-Tek [Chonnam National University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of)

2005-12-15

BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} single crystals were grown by using the chemical transport reaction method. The optical energy gaps of the BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} and the BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Er{sup 3+} single crystals were found to be 4.045 eV and 3.073 eV, respectively, at 11 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap was well fitted by the Varshni equation. Sharp emission peaks were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the single crystals and assigned to radiation recombination between split Stark levels of the Er{sup 3+} ion.

Heterojunction metal-oxide-metal Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-Au single nanowire device for spintronics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reddy, K. M., E-mail: mrkongara@boisestate.edu; Punnoose, Alex; Hanna, Charles [Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725 (United States); Padture, Nitin P. [School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (United States)

2015-05-07

In this report, we present the synthesis of heterojunction magnetite nanowires in alumina template and describe magnetic and electrical properties from a single nanowire device for spintronics applications. Heterojunction Au-Fe-Au nanowire arrays were electrodeposited in porous aluminum oxide templates, and an extensive and controlled heat treatment process converted Fe segment to nanocrystalline cubic magnetite phase with well-defined Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} interfaces as confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements revealed Verwey transition shoulder around 120 K and a room temperature coercive field of 90 Oe. Current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of a single Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-Au nanowire have exhibited Ohmic behavior. Anomalous positive magnetoresistance of about 0.5% is observed on a single nanowire, which is attributed to the high spin polarization in nanowire device with pure Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase and nanocontact barrier. This work demonstrates the ability to preserve the pristine Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and well defined electrode contact metal (Au)–magnetite interface, which helps in attaining high spin polarized current.

Single cell-type comparative metabolomics of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, Bronwyn J; Vera-Estrella, Rosario

2015-01-01

One of the remarkable adaptive features of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are the specialized modified trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC) which cover the leaves, stems, and peduncle of the plant. They are present from an early developmental stage but upon salt stress rapidly expand due to the accumulation of water and sodium. This particular plant feature makes it an attractive system for single cell type studies, with recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the EBC establishing that these cells are metabolically active and have roles other than sodium sequestration. To continue our investigation into the function of these unusual cells we carried out a comprehensive global analysis of the metabolites present in the EBC extract by gas chromatography Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and identified 194 known and 722 total molecular features. Statistical analysis of the metabolic changes between control and salt-treated samples identified 352 significantly differing metabolites (268 after correction for FDR). Principal components analysis provided an unbiased evaluation of the data variance structure. Biochemical pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant perturbations in 13 biochemical pathways as defined in KEGG. More than 50% of the metabolites that show significant changes in the EBC, can be classified as compatible solutes and include sugars, sugar alcohols, protein and non-protein amino acids, and organic acids, highlighting the need to maintain osmotic homeostasis to balance the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) ions. Overall, the comparison of metabolic changes in salt treated relative to control samples suggests large alterations in M. crystallinum epidermal bladder cells.

Single cell-type comparative metabolomics of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, Bronwyn J.; Vera-Estrella, Rosario

2015-01-01

One of the remarkable adaptive features of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are the specialized modified trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC) which cover the leaves, stems, and peduncle of the plant. They are present from an early developmental stage but upon salt stress rapidly expand due to the accumulation of water and sodium. This particular plant feature makes it an attractive system for single cell type studies, with recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the EBC establishing that these cells are metabolically active and have roles other than sodium sequestration. To continue our investigation into the function of these unusual cells we carried out a comprehensive global analysis of the metabolites present in the EBC extract by gas chromatography Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and identified 194 known and 722 total molecular features. Statistical analysis of the metabolic changes between control and salt-treated samples identified 352 significantly differing metabolites (268 after correction for FDR). Principal components analysis provided an unbiased evaluation of the data variance structure. Biochemical pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant perturbations in 13 biochemical pathways as defined in KEGG. More than 50% of the metabolites that show significant changes in the EBC, can be classified as compatible solutes and include sugars, sugar alcohols, protein and non-protein amino acids, and organic acids, highlighting the need to maintain osmotic homeostasis to balance the accumulation of Na+ and Cl− ions. Overall, the comparison of metabolic changes in salt treated relative to control samples suggests large alterations in M. crystallinum epidermal bladder cells. PMID:26113856

Single-cell-type quantitative proteomic and ionomic analysis of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte model plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to identify salt-responsive proteins

OpenAIRE

Barkla, Bronwyn J.; Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Raymond, Carolyn

2016-01-01

Background Epidermal bladder cells (EBC) are large single-celled, specialized, and modified trichomes found on the aerial parts of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Recent development of a simple but high throughput technique to extract the contents from these cells has provided an opportunity to conduct detailed single-cell-type analyses of their molecular characteristics at high resolution to gain insight into the role of these cells in the salt tolerance of the plant. Results In...

Single crystal structures of the new vanadates CuMgVO{sub 4} and AgMgVO{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ben Yahia, Hamdi, E-mail: Hyahia@qf.org.qa [Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577 (Japan); Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha (Qatar); Shikano, Masahiro, E-mail: shikano.masahiro@aist.go.jp [Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577 (Japan); Essehli, Rachid; Belharouak, Ilias [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha (Qatar)

2016-08-01

The new compounds CuMgVO{sub 4} and AgMgVO{sub 4} have been synthesized by a solid state reaction route. Their crystal structures were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. CuMgVO{sub 4} crystallizes with Na{sub 2}CrO{sub 4}-type structure with space group Cmcm, a = 5.6932 (10), b = 8.7055 (15), c = 6.2789 (10) Å, V = 311.20 (9) Å{sup 3}, and Z = 4, whereas AgMgVO{sub 4} crystallizes in the maricite-type structure with space group Pnma, a = 9.4286 (14), b = 6.7465 (10), c = 5.3360 (8) Å, V = 339.42 (9) Å{sup 3}, and Z = 4. Both structures of CuMgVO{sub 4}, and AgMgVO{sub 4} contain MgO{sub 4} chains made up of edge-sharing MgO{sub 6} octahedra. In CuMgVO{sub 4} the MgO{sub 4} chains are interconnected through CuVO{sub 4} double chains made up of VO{sub 4} and CuO{sub 4} tetrahedra sharing corners and edges, however in AgMgVO{sub 4} the chains are interlinked by the VO{sub 4} and AgO{sub 4} tetrahedra sharing only corners. - Highlights: • We have been able to grow CuMgVO{sub 4} and AgMgVO{sub 4} single crystals. • We solved their crystal structures using single crystal data. • We compared the crystal structures of CuMgVO{sub 4} and AgMgVO{sub 4}.

Different diffusion mechanisms of oxygen in ReBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−x} (Re = Y, Ho) single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vovk, R.V.; Boiko, Y.I.; Bogdanov, V.V.; Kamchatnaya, S.N.; Goulatis, I.L. [V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61077 Kharkiv (Ukraine); Chroneos, A. [Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB (United Kingdom); Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • Single file diffusion mechanism of oxygen ions. • Ho modifies the diffusion mechanism in the oxygen sublattice. • Ho changes the efficient interaction of ions in CuO-planes. - Abstract: In the present study, the time dependencies of the resistivity of ReBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−x} (Re=Y, Ho) single crystals with varying degree of deviation from oxygen stoichiometry was investigated. It was shown that the accelerated transport of oxygen ions in the initial stage of the process can be carried out along the one-dimensional non-stoichiometric vacancies’ accumulation by the single file diffusion mechanism. The final phase redistribution of oxygen ions in ReBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−x} (Re = Y, Ho) is described by the classical mechanism of volume diffusion. The substitution of yttrium by holmium significantly affects the charge redistribution and changes the efficient interaction of ions in CuO-planes, thereby modifying the mass transfer diffusion mechanisms in the oxygen sublattice. Thus, a significant length change of the time intervals occurs, corresponding to the oxygen ions’ single file and volume diffusion mechanisms.

Sub-megahertz linewidth single photon source

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Markus Rambach

2016-12-01

Full Text Available We report 100% duty cycle generation of sub-MHz single photon pairs at the rubidium D1 line using cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion. The temporal intensity cross correlation function exhibits a bandwidth of 666±16 kHz for the single photons, an order of magnitude below the natural linewidth of the target transition. A half-wave plate inside our cavity helps to achieve triple resonance between pump, signal, and idler photon, reducing the bandwidth and simplifying the locking scheme. Additionally, stabilisation of the cavity to the pump frequency enables the 100% duty cycle. The quantum nature of the source is confirmed by the idler-triggered second-order autocorrelation function at τ=0 to be gs,s(2(0= 0.016±0.002 for a heralding rate of 5 kHz. The generated photons are well-suited for storage in quantum memory schemes with sub-natural linewidths, such as gradient echo memories.

Aging characteristics of 0.7Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-0.3PbTiO{sub 3} single crystals with different crystal orientations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xing [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Function Material and Device, Shanghai (China); Wu, Dun; Fang, Bijun [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Ding, Jianning [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Jiangsu University, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhenjiang (China); Li, Xiaobing; Zhao, Xiangyong; Luo, Haosu [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Function Material and Device, Shanghai (China); Ko, Jae-Hyeon [Hallym University, Department of Physics, Chuncheon (Korea, Republic of); Ahn, Chang Won [University of Ulsan, Department of Physics and EHSRC, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-06-15

In this work, the time and temperature dependence of the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the 0.7Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-0.3PbTiO{sub 3} (0.7PMN-0.3PT) single crystals were investigated in order to search for an effective method to improve their properties further. The piezoelectric properties of the [001]-, [110]- and [111]-oriented 0.7PMN-0.3PT single crystals exhibit excellent time stability during the 2-month room-temperature aging process. The re-poling process leads to the improvement of piezoelectric constant d{sub 33} for the [001]-, [110]- and [111]-oriented 0.7PMN-0.3PT single crystals, while the values of electromechanical coupling coefficient k{sub t} change little. During the thermal aging, the values of the measured d{sub 33}, calculated converse piezoelectric constant d{sub 33}{sup *}, maximum strain S{sub max}% and longitudinal electrostrictive coefficient Q of the [001]-, [110]- and [111]-oriented crystal plates increase gradually before the ferroelectric phase transition temperatures (T{sub FPT}, T{sub R-M}, T{sub R-O} and T{sub R-T}) and then decline continuously. The increase in these values before the T{sub FPT} is a result of the phase instability. In general, the [001]- and [110]-oriented 0.7PMN-0.3PT single crystals exhibit large piezoelectricity, excellent time stability and relatively high thermal stability between 20 and 80 C, which is favorable to the piezoelectric applications. (orig.)

Single-crystal LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} as high performance cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Lei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081 (China); Wu, Borong, E-mail: wubr@bit.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081 (China); Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Power Battery and Chemical Energy Materials, Beijing 100081 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081 (China); Mu, Daobin, E-mail: mudb@bit.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081 (China); Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Power Battery and Chemical Energy Materials, Beijing 100081 (China); Liu, Xiaojiang [Institute of Electric Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Peng, Yiyuan [Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 (China); Xu, Hongliang; Liu, Qi; Gai, Liang [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081 (China); Wu, Feng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081 (China); Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Power Battery and Chemical Energy Materials, Beijing 100081 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081 (China)

2016-07-25

Single-crystal nickel-high materials (ST-LNCMO) LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} have been synthesized using a versatile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The results show that the sample annealed at an optimized temperature of 850 °C reveals uniform fine well-crystallized single-particles with diameters of ~800 nm. Electrochemical data demonstrate that the cell using this nickel-high material as the cathode exhibits excellent performance. The sample displays a high capacity of 183.7 mA h·g{sup −1} at 36 mA·g{sup −1} (0.2 C) and excellent cycling stability at different rates. It yields an initial discharge capacity of 153.6 mA h·g{sup −1} at a rate of 10C-rate and a voltage of 2.8 V – 4.3 V. The sample also has an outstanding rate capacity at a high cut-off voltage (4.6 V). This superior performance is attributed to the merits of the single-crystal structure, which may be beneficial to the transportation of the Li{sup +} ion along the grain. - Highlights: • A single-crystal LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} is prepared by a hydrothermal method. • A high discharge capacity of 183.7 mA h·g{sup −1} at 0.2 C and good cycling stability. • It yields an initial discharge capacity of 153.6 mA h·g{sup −1} at 10 C-rate under 2.8 V–4.3 V. • Superior electrochemical performance may be obtained attributed to the single-crystal structure.

Epidermal growth factor stimulating reparation of γ-ray-induced single-strand breaks predominantly in untranscribed DNA of HeLa cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Igusheva, O.A.; Bil'din, V.N.; Zhestyanikov, V.D.

1994-01-01

Considerable evidence suggest that genomic DNA undergoes reparation unevenly because of different transcription activities of its particular sequence. It is highly probably that transcriptional factors are necessary for postion stages of excision reparation and for reparation of single-strand DNA breaks caused by ionizing radiation. There is evidence suggesting that DNA lesions inflicted by γ-radiation is preferentially initiated in transcribed rather than in untranscribed DNA species. This paper looks at the relationship between stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on reparation of single-strand DNA breaks and reparation of the damage done to active and inert fragments of chromatin. The results show that EGF stimulates reparation of single-strand DNA breaks induced by γ-radiation more effectively in untranscribed than in transcribed DNA. 13 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab

Microneedle fractional radiofrequency increases epidermal hyaluronan and reverses age-related epidermal dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hee Jung; Seo, Seong Rak; Yoon, Moon Soo; Song, Ji-Ye; Lee, Eun Young; Lee, Sang Eun

2016-02-01

Skin aging results in physiological alterations in keratinocyte activities and epidermal function, as well as dermal changes. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause epidermal dysfunction during skin aging are not well understood. Recently, the role of epidermal hyaluronan (HA) as an active regulator of dynamic cellular processes is getting attention and alterations in HA metabolism are thought to be important in age-related epidermal dysfunction. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (RF) has shown effects for improving cutaneous aging. However, little is known about the effects of fractional RF on the epidermal HA and epidermal function. We investigated the effect of microneedle fractional RF on the expression of epidermal HA in young and aged mice epidermis. We performed fractional RF on the dorsal skin of 30 8-week-old (young) hairless mice and 15 47-week-old (aged) C57BL/6J mice. Skin samples were collected on day 1, 3, and 7. HA content was measured by ELISA. Gene expressions of CD 44, HABP4, and HAS3 were measured using real time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry for detection of HA, CD44, PCNA, and filaggrin were performed. HA content and the mRNA levels of HABP4, CD44, and HAS3 were upregulated in the epidermis of both young and aged mice after microneedle fractional RF treatment. The expression was increased from day 1 after treatment and increased expression persisted on day 7. Fractional RF treatment significantly increased PCNA and filaggrin expression only in the aged mice skin. Microneedle fractional RF increased epidermal HA and CD44 expression in both young and aged mice and reversed age-related epidermal dysfunction especially in aged mice, suggesting a new mechanism involved in the skin rejuvenation effect of microneedle fractional RF. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Single cell-type comparative metabolomics of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bronwyn Jane Barkla

2015-06-01

Full Text Available One of the remarkable adaptive features of the halophyte and facultative CAM plant Mesembryathemum crystallinum are the specialized modified trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC which cover the leaves, stems, and peduncle of the plant. They are present from an early developmental stage but upon salt stress rapidly expand due to the accumulation of water and sodium. This particular plant feature makes it an attractive system for single cell type studies, with recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the EBC establishing that these cells are metabolically active and have roles other than sodium sequestration. To continue our investigation into the function of these unusual cells we carried out a comprehensive global analysis of the metabolites present in the EBC extract by gas chromatography Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF and identified 194 known and 722 total molecular features. Statistical analysis of the metabolic changes between control and salt-treated samples was used to identify 352 significantly differing metabolites (268 after correction for FDR. Principal components analysis provided an unbiased evaluation of the data variance structure. Biochemical pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant perturbations in 13 biochemical pathways as defined in KEGG. More than 50% of the metabolites that show significant changes in the EBC, can be classified as compatible solutes and include sugars, sugar alcohols, protein and non-protein amino acids, and organic acids, highlighting the need to maintain osmotic homeostasis to balance the accumulation of Na and Cl ions. Overall, the comparison of metabolic changes in salt treated relative to control samples suggest large alterations in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum epidermal bladder cells.

Single-phase highly densified SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9} compacts produced by high-pressure sintering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Altair Soria; Souza, Ricson Rocha de; Sousa, Vania Caldas de, E-mail: altair@if.ufrgs.br [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Full text: The development of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is an important scientific and technological challenge, as environmental and health issues have imposed restrictions to the use of lead zirconate titanates, the most employed material in ferroelectric devices [1]. Strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT),SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9}, is an interesting alternative ferroelectric material as its polarization can be modified at low voltages and it shows limited polarization switching fatigue. However, the production of highly densified single-phase bulk SBT by conventional sintering procedures is strongly compromised by stoichiometric changes due to bismuth loss. In this work, high-pressure sintering has been exploited as an alternative procedure to obtain SBT highly-densified single-phase compacts. Using toroidal-type high-pressure chambers, samples were produced by reaction sintering of BiTaO{sub 4} and SrCO{sub 3} powders, mixed in the stoichiometric ratio corresponding to SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9}, at pressures of 2.5 GPa and 7.7 GPa, and temperatures up to 1250°C, during 10 min. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy associated to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to follow the phase composition and the microstructure evolution as a function of the processing conditions. A single-phase SBT compact, with a relative density of 93% and a homogeneous microstructure, was produced by sintering at 2.5 GPa/900°C [2]. References: [1] K. Panda, J. Mater. Sci. 44, 5049-5062 (2009). [2] Ricson R.Souza, Rejane K. Kirchner, Jose R. Jurado, Altair S. Pereira, Vania C. Sousa. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 233, 259-268 (2016). (author)

Solid electrolytes. Extremely fast charge carriers in garnet-type Li{sub 6}La{sub 3}ZrTaO{sub 12} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stanje, Bernhard; Breuer, Stefan; Uitz, Marlena [Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz (Austria); DFG Research Unit ' ' Mobility of Lithium Ions in Solids' ' , Graz University of Technology, Graz (Austria); Rettenwander, Daniel; Redhammer, Guenther [Department Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg (Austria); Berendts, Stefan; Lerch, Martin [Technische Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Chemie (Germany); Uecker, Reinhard [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth (Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.), Berlin (Germany); Hanzu, Ilie; Wilkening, Martin [Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz (Austria); DFG Research Unit ' ' Mobility of Lithium Ions in Solids' ' , Graz University of Technology, Graz (Austria); Alistore-ERI European Research Institute, Amiens (France)

2017-12-15

The development of all-solid-state electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries with solid electrolytes, requires stable, electronically insulating compounds with exceptionally high ionic conductivities. Considering ceramic oxides, garnet-type Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} and derivatives, see Zr-exchanged Li{sub 6}La{sub 3}ZrTaO{sub 12} (LLZTO), have attracted great attention due to its high Li{sup +} ionic conductivity of 10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1} at ambient temperature. Despite numerous studies focussing on conductivities of powder samples, only few use time-domain NMR methods to probe Li ion diffusion parameters in single crystals. Here we report on temperature-variable NMR relaxometry measurements using both laboratory and spin-lock techniques to probe Li jump rates covering a dynamic time window spanning several decades. Both techniques revealed a consistent picture of correlated Li ion jump diffusion in the single crystal; the data perfectly mirror a modified BPP-type relaxation response being based on a Lorentzian-shaped relaxation function. The rates measured could be parameterized with a single set of diffusion parameters. Results from NMR are completely in line with ion transport parameters derived from conductivity spectroscopy. (copyright 2017 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Temperature dependent tunneling study of CaFe{sub 1.96}Ni{sub 0.04}As{sub 2} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dutta, Anirban, E-mail: adatta@iitk.ac.in; Gupta, Anjan K. [Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016 (India); Thamizhavel, A. [Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005 (India)

2014-04-24

We report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies on CaFe{sub 1.96}Ni{sub 0.04}As{sub 2} single crystals in 5.4 – 19.7 K temperature range across the normal metal - superconductor transition temperature, T{sub C} = 14K. The in-situ cleaved crystals show reasonably flat surface with signatures of atomic resolution. The tunnel spectra show significant spatial inhomogeneity below T{sub C}, which reduces significantly as the temperature goes above the T{sub C}. We discuss these results in terms of an inhomogeneous electronic phase that may exist due to the vicinity of this composition to the quantum critical point.

Cortisol and somatization.

Science.gov (United States)

Rief, W; Auer, C

2000-05-01

Somatization symptoms are frequently associated with depression, anxiety, and feelings of distress. These features interact with the activity of the HPA-axis. Therefore we investigated relationships between somatization symptoms and cortisol. Seventy-seven participants were classified into three groups: somatization syndrome (at least eight physical symptoms from the DSM-IV somatization disorder list), somatization syndrome combined with major depression, and healthy controls. The following data were collected: salivary cortisol at three time points (morning, afternoon, evening), nighttime urinary cortisol, serum cortisol after the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and psychological variables such as depression, anxiety, somatization, and hypochondriasis. Salivary cortisol showed typical diurnal variations. However, the groups did not differ on any of the cortisol variables. A possible explanation may be counteracting effects of somatization and depression. Exploratory correlational analyses revealed that associations between cortisol and psychopathological variables were time-dependent. DST results correlated with psychological aspects of somatization, but not with the number of somatoform symptoms per se.

Temperature-induced spin reorientation and magnetization jump of rare-earth orthoferrite Ho{sub 0.5}Pr{sub 0.5}FeO{sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Guohua; Zhao, Weiyao; Cao, Yiming; Kang, Baojuan [Department of Physics, and International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Zhang, Jincang [Department of Physics, and International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Ren, Wei, E-mail: renwei@shu.edu.cn [Department of Physics, and International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Cao, Shixun, E-mail: sxcao@shu.edu.cn [Department of Physics, and International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China)

2016-07-25

We report temperature-induced spin reorientation and magnetization jump effects in the rare earth (RE) orthoferrite Ho{sub 0.5}Pr{sub 0.5}FeO{sub 3} single crystal. The single crystal of about 6 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length was successfully grown by optical floating zone method. Both X-ray diffraction and Laue photograph confirmed the homogeneity and high quality of the crystal. Magnetic properties of Ho{sub 0.5}Pr{sub 0.5}FeO{sub 3} single crystal are studied over a wide temperature range from 2 to 300 K. Spin reorientation transition from Γ{sub 2} to Γ{sub 4} phase is observed in the temperature range of 75–90 K. At lower temperature, the Ho{sub 0.5}Pr{sub 0.5}FeO{sub 3} shows an abrupt jump of magnetization along the a-axis, which occurs only in the field-cooling process, and is sensitive to external applied magnetic field. By analyzing the jump temperature and magnitude of the magnetization, we conclude that it is caused by the spin reversal of the rare earth ions. The isothermal magnetization versus field hysteresis loop measurements along a axis explain the spin configuration variation from 3 K to 60 K. - Highlights: • Ho{sub 0.5}Pr{sub 0.5}FeO{sub 3} single crystal was grown by optical floating zone method. • It shows an abrupt jump of magnetization along a axis at low temperature. • The jump height and temperature is sensitive to external applied magnetic field. • It is attributed to the spin reversal of the rare earth ions.

Crystal growth and scintillation properties of Er-doped Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, Makoto, E-mail: makoto.sugiyama@imr.tohoku.ac.jp [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Fujimoto, Yutaka [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Yanagida, Takayuki [New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan); Totsuka, Daisuke [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Nihon Kessho Kogaku Co. Ltd., 810-5 Nobe-cho Tatebayashi Gunma (Japan); Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Futami, Yoshisuke; Yokota, Yuui; Chani, Valery [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Yoshikawa, Akira [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan)

2012-02-01

Er-doped Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (Er:LuAG) single crystalline scintillators with different Er concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3% were grown by the micro-pulling-down ({mu}-PD) method. The grown crystals were composed of single-phase material, as demonstrated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The radioluminescence spectra measured under {sup 241}Am {alpha}-ray excitation indicated host emission at approximately 350 nm and Er{sup 3+} 4f-4f emissions. According to the pulse height spectra recorded under {gamma}-ray irradiation, the 0.5% Er:LuAG exhibited the highest peak channel among the samples. The {gamma}-ray excited decay time profiles were well fitted by the two-component exponential approximation (0.8 {mu}s and 6-10 {mu}s).

ACRT technique for the single crystal growth of the heavy fermion compound YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Witt, Sebastian; Kliemt, Kristin; Butzke, Constantin; Krellner, Cornelius [Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

2016-07-01

In the heavy fermion compound YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} the antiferromagnetic ordering below 70 mK close to a quantum critical point is well-studied. Beneath the magnetic ordering a new phase transition was found recently at 2 mK. It is necessary to prepare large and high-quality single crystals for studying the nature of this new phase transition. Besides the optimization of the single crystal growth it is important to investigate single crystals with different isotopes at this phase transition. Here, we report the crystal growth of YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} with the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). ACRT shows for other compounds, e.g. YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet, Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}), that this technique can reduce flux impurities and enhance the yield of larger crystals. We also report the attempt to receive metallic isotopes of ytterbium with metallothermic reduction. Crystals with different isotopes of silicon and ytterbium can be used for NMR measurements to investigate the underlying phenomena of quantum criticality in more detail.

Temperature-dependent Raman spectra and electrical properties of 0.69Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-0.31PbTiO{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Bijun [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Liu, Xing [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Function Material and Device, Shanghai (China); Li, Xiaobing; Zhao, Xiangyong; Luo, Haosu [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Function Material and Device, Shanghai (China); Ding, Jianning [Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou (China); Jiangsu University, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhenjiang (China)

2016-09-15

The temperature-dependent Raman spectra and electrical properties of the 0.69Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-0.31PbTiO{sub 3} (0.69PMN-0.31PT) single crystals were investigated. Based on the group theory, the poled 0.69PMN-0.31PT single crystals belong to the monoclinic crystal system, which was confirmed by the room-temperature Raman spectra. The 0.69PMN-0.31PT single crystals experience successive structural phase transitions, i.e., a monoclinic-tetragonal (FE{sub M}-FE{sub T}) phase transition at T{sub M-T} and a tetragonal-cubic (FE{sub T}-P{sub C}) phase transition at T{sub m} determined by the dielectric measurement. Due to the enhancement of long-range order, their FE{sub M}-FE{sub T} phase transition becomes more obvious after the poling process. The wavenumbers and line widths of the 271, 502, 575, 795 cm{sup -1} Raman modes, and the intensity ratios of I{sub 271cm}{sup {sub -}{sub 1}}/I{sub 795cm}{sup {sub -}{sub 1}} and I{sub 502cm}{sup {sub -}{sub 1}}/I{sub 575cm}{sup {sub -}{sub 1}} exhibit obvious anomalies around T{sub M-T} and T{sub m}, which are closely related to the FE{sub M}-FE{sub T} and FE{sub T}-P{sub C} phase transitions. The temperature and electric field (E)-induced phase transitions are observed in the unipolar strain-E (S-E) curves. The converse piezoelectric constant (d{sub 33}), maximum strain value (S{sub max}%) and longitudinal electrostrictive coefficient (Q) increase considerably around the ferroelectric phase transition temperature T{sub M-T}. (orig.)

Optical and magnetic spectroscopy of rare-earth-doped yttrium aluminium borate (YAl sub 3 (BO sub 3) sub 4) single crystals

CERN Document Server

Watterich, A; Borowiec, M T; Zayarnyuk, T; Szymczak, H; Beregi, E; Kovács, L G

2003-01-01

For Ce sup 3 sup + , Er sup 3 sup + and Yb sup 3 sup + ions, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra typical for S' = 1/2 ions are measured for YAl sub 3 (BO sub 3) sub 4 (YAB) single crystal. The spectra show axial symmetry indicating that all three dopants replace Y sup 3 sup + at the given dopant concentration. Corresponding g-tilde - and hyperfine A-tilde -tensors are determined. The EPR linewidth of Ce broadens with increasing temperature due to an Orbach relaxation process. Fitting the curve with an exponential, the energy difference is found to be equal to 270 +- 16 cm sup - sup 1. The optical absorption and excitation spectra of Ce in YAB single crystal measured at 300 K are similar to those found for polycrystalline materials. High-resolution polarized emission from the lowest excited to the sup 2 F sub 5 sub / sub 2 ground state, measured at 4.2 K, indicates a splitting of the ground state into three levels. The second level is located 277 +- 18 cm sup - sup 1 above the first one, in excellent...

Structural study of intermediate phase in layered perovskite SrBi sub 2 Ta sub 2 O sub 9 single crystal

CERN Document Server

Onodera, A; Yamashita, H

2003-01-01

The crystal structure of an intermediate phase of Bi-layered ferroelectric SrBi sub 2 Ta sub 2 O sub 9 single crystals was studied by means of X-ray diffraction. An analysis of the extinction rules and X-ray intensities demonstrated that the crystal structure is orthorhombic with space group A2 sub 1 am in the ferroelectric phase and Amam in the intermediate phase; this conclusion is in good agreement with the findings of previous powder neutron diffraction studies.

Somatic Expression of Psychological Problems (Somatization: Examination with Structural Equation Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tugba Seda Çolak

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of the research is to define which psychological symptoms (somatization, depression, obsessive ‐ compulsive, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism cause somatic reactions at most. Total effect of these psychological symptoms on somatic symptoms had been investigated. Study was carried out with structural equation model to research the relation between the psychological symptoms and somatization. The main material of the research is formed by the data obtained from 492 people. SCL‐90‐R scale was used in order to obtain the data. As a result of the structural equation analysis, it has been found that 1Psychoticism, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation do not predict somatic symptoms.2There is a negative relation between interpersonal sensitivity level mand somatic reactions.3Anxiety symptoms had been found as causative to occur the highest level of somatic reactions.

Growth and microtopographic study of CuInSe{sub 2} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chauhan, Sanjaysinh M.; Chaki, Sunil, E-mail: sunilchaki@yahoo.co.in; Deshpande, M. P. [Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat - 388120 (India); Tailor, J. P. [Applied Physics Department, S.V.N.I.T., Surat, Gujarat - 395007 (India)

2016-05-23

The CuInSe{sub 2} single crystals were grown by chemical vapour transport (CVT) technique using iodine as transporting agent. The elemental composition of the as-grown CuInSe{sub 2} single crystals was determined by energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX). The unit cell crystal structure and lattice parameters were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The surface microtopographic study of the as-grown CuInSe{sub 2} single crystals surfaces were done to study the defects, growth mechanism, etc. of the CVT grown crystals.

DFT investigation of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3}, and AsH{sub 3} adsorptions on Sc-, Ti-, V-, and Cr-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buasaeng, Prayut; Rakrai, Wandee [Computational Chemistry Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000 (Thailand); Wanno, Banchob [Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150 (Thailand); Tabtimsai, Chanukorn, E-mail: tabtimsai.c@gmail.com [Computational Chemistry Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000 (Thailand)

2017-04-01

Highlights: • Transition metal-doped single wall carbon nanotubes and their adsorption with NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3} and AsH{sub 3} molecules were investigated using a DFT method. • Adsorptions of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3} and AsH{sub 3} molecules on pristine single wall carbon nanotubeswere improved by transition metal doping. • Structural and electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes were significantly changed by transition metal doping and gas adsorptions. - Abstract: The adsorption properties of ammonia (NH{sub 3}), phosphine (PH{sub 3}), and arsine (AsH{sub 3}) on pristine and transition metal- (TM = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr) doped (5,5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were theoretically investigated. The geometric and electronic properties and adsorption abilities for the most stable configuration of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3}, and AsH{sub 3} adsorptions on pristine and TM-doped SWCNTs were calculated. It was found that the binding abilities of TMs to the SWCNT were in the order: Cr > V > Sc > Ti. However, the adsorption energy showed that the pristine SWCNT weakly adsorbed gas molecules and its electronic properties were also insensitive to gas molecules. By replacing a C atom with TM atoms, all doping can significantly enhance the adsorption energy of gas/SWCNT complexes and their adsorption ability was in the same order: NH{sub 3} > PH{sub 3} > AsH{sub 3}. A remarkable increase in adsorption energy and charge transfer of these systems was expected to induce significant changes in the electrical conductivity of the TM-doped SWCNTs. This work revealed that the sensitivity of SWCNT-based chemical gas adsorptions and sensors can be greatly improved by introducing an appropriate TM dopant. Accordingly, TM-doped SWCNTs are more suitable for gas molecule adsorptions and detections than the pristine SWCNT.

A single crystal study of RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} (RE = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zaremba, V.I.; Kalychak, Y.M.; Dzevenko, M.V. [Inorganic Chemistry Dept., Ivan Franko National Univ. of Lviv (Ukraine); Rodewald, U.Ch.; Heying, B.; Poettgen, R. [Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Univ. Muenster (Germany)

2006-01-01

The rare earth-cobalt-indides RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} (RE = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) were prepared in polycrystalline form from the elements by arc-melting. Small single crystals were grown through a special annealing sequence. The compounds were investigated on the basis of X-ray powder and single crystal data: Lu{sub 14}Co{sub 2}In{sub 3} (Gd{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 2.7}) type, P4{sub 2}/nmc, Z = 4, a = 959.0(1), c = 2319.1(5) pm, wR2 = 0.055, 2289 F{sup 2} values, 65 variables for Y{sub 13.90}Co{sub 2.99}In{sub 3.02}, a = 953.8(1), c = 2315.8(5) pm, wR2 = 0.108, 2357 F{sup 2} values, 65 variables for Tb{sub 13.92}Co{sub 3.01}In{sub 2.92}, a = 949.24(3), c = 2296.5(1) pm, wR2 = 0.129, 2518 F{sup 2} values, 65 variables for Dy{sub 13.90}Co{sub 2.97}In{sub 2.95}, a = 946.3(1), c = 2289.0(5) pm, wR2 = 0.099, 2297 F{sup 2} values, 64 variables for Ho{sub 14}Co{sub 2.80}In{sub 2.89}, and a = 941.0(1), c = 2274.2(5) pm, wR2 = 0.140, 2450 F{sup 2} values, 65 variables for Er{sub 13.83}Co{sub 2.88}In{sub 3.10}. All RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} indides show a small degree of In/Co mixing (between 7 and 16% Co) on the 4c In1 site and defects on the 8g Co1 positions (between 84 and 95% Co). Except for the holmium compound, the RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} intermetallics also reveal RE/In mixing on the 4c RE1 sites, leading to the refined compositions. The seven crystallographically independent RE sites have between 9 and 10 nearest RE neighbors. The RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} structures consist of a complex intergrowth of rare earth based polyhedra. Both cobalt sites have a distorted trigonal-prismatic rare earth coordination. An interesting feature is the In2-In2 dumb-bell with an In2-In2 distance of 300 pm (for Ho{sub 14}Co{sub 2.80}In{sub 2.89}). The crystal chemistry of the RE{sub 14}Co{sub 3}In{sub 3} indides is discussed. (orig.)

Crystal growth and mechanical hardness of In{sub 2}Se{sub 2.7}Sb{sub 0.3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Patel, Piyush, E-mail: piyush-patel130@yahoo.com; Vyas, S. M., E-mail: s-m-vyas-gu@hotmail.com; Patel, Vimal; Pavagadhi, Himanshu [Department of Physics, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India-380009 (India); Solanki, Mitesh [panditdindayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar. Gujarat (India); Jani, Maunik P. [BITS Edu Campus, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat (India)

2015-08-28

The III-VI compound semiconductors is important for the fabrication of ionizing radiation detectors, solid-state electrodes, and photosensitive heterostructures, solar cell and ionic batteries. In this paper, In{sub 2}Se{sub 2.7} Sb{sub 0.3} single crystals were grown by the Bridgman method with temperature gradient of 60 °C/cm and the growth velocity 0.5cm/hr. The as-grown crystals were examined under the optical microscope for surface study, a various growth features observed on top free surface of the single crystal which is predominant of layers growth mechanism. The lattice parameters of as-grown crystal was determined by the XRD analysis. A Vickers’ projection microscope were used for the study of microhardness on the as-cleaved, cold-worked and annealed samples of the crystals, the results were discussed, and reported in detail.

Nanoscale spatial non-homogeneity of 3D in {delta}{sub {pi}} Mg{sub 0.9}Al{sub 0.1}B{sub 2} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giubileo, F. [CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SUPERMAT e Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R. Caianiello' , Universita degli Studi di Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Italy)], E-mail: giubileo@sa.infn.it; Bobba, F.; Scarfato, A. [CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SUPERMAT e Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R. Caianiello' , Universita degli Studi di Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Italy); Roditchev, D. [Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, Universite P. et M.Curie Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 75-88, Paris (France); Zhigadlo, N.; Karpinski, J. [Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Cucolo, A.M. [CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SUPERMAT e Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R. Caianiello' , Universita degli Studi di Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Italy)

2007-09-01

We have performed I(V) and dI/dV(V) measurements on high quality Mg{sub 0.9}Al{sub 0.1}B{sub 2} single crystals by means of a variable temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) working in magnetic field up to 7 T. c-axis tunneling showed a single gap, probing the three-dimensional Dp that appeared highly non-homogeneous in its spatial distribution on nanometer scale, with an amplitude between 1.5 meV and 2.3 meV. Temperature and magnetic field dependence of the conductance spectra were studied in S-I-N configuration as well as in S-I-S configuration, after pushing the Pt/Ir tip in the sample to capture a superconducting grain at the very apex of the tip. For the largest energy gap (2.3 meV), we found H{sub c2} {approx} 3 T, i.e., a 25% raising with respect to what observed in the pure crystal.

Structural study of quasi-one-dimensional vanadium pyroxene LiVSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishii, Yuto [Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan); Matsushita, Yoshitaka [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Oda, Migaku; Yoshida, Hiroyuki [Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan)

2017-02-15

Single crystals of quasi-one-dimensional vanadium pyroxene LiVSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} were synthesized and the crystal structures at 293 K and 113 K were studied using X-ray diffraction experiments. We found a structural phase transition from the room-temperature crystal structure with space group C2/c to a low-temperature structure with space group P2{sub 1}/c, resulting from a rotational displacement of SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility shows a broad maximum around 116 K, suggesting an opening of the Haldane gap expected for one-dimensional antiferromagnets with S=1. However, an antiferromagnetic long-range order was developed below 24 K, probably caused by a weak inter-chain magnetic coupling in the compound. - Graphical abstract: Low temperature crystal structure of LiVSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} and an orbital arrangement within the V-O zig-zag chain along the c-axis. - Highlights: • A low temperature structure of LiVSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. • The origin of the structural transition is a rotational displacement of SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra. • The uniform orbital overlap in the V-O zigzag chain makes the system a quasi one-dimensional antiferromagnet.

Single crystal growth and low-temperature properties of Er{sub 3}Al{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suttner, Christian; Benka, Georg; Bauer, Andreas; Pfleiderer, Christian [Physik Department, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, D-85748 Garching (Germany)

2016-07-01

In recent years, topologically non-trivial spin whirls in condensed matter systems attracted great scientific interest. Lattices of these objects, so-called magnetic skyrmion lattices, were mainly observed in Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya driven chiral magnets with the non-centrosymmetric cubic space group P2{sub 1}3. Similar spin textures, however, may in principle also arise in a large number of further compounds. We report single-crystal growth of Er{sub 3}Al{sub 2} crystallizing in the tetragonal space group P4{sub 2}/mnm by means of optical float zoning under UHV-compatible conditions. We determined the magnetic phase diagram for fields applied along different crystallographic directions using magnetization, ac susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. Several phase pockets are observed below the Neel temperature T{sub N} = 27 K, consistent with earlier reports.

Etanercept therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Paradisi, Andrea; Abeni, Damiano; Bergamo, Fabio; Ricci, Francesco; Didona, Dario; Didona, Biagio

2014-08-01

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe and potentially lethal drug reaction for which no standard treatment is available. To describe a case series of patients with TEN treated with a single dose of etanercept. We observed 10 consecutive patients with TEN. For each patient, we recorded the presence of comorbidities and all the drugs recently started (ie, in the last month). In all cases, 50 mg of etanercept was administered in a single subcutaneous injection. The clinical severity of disease was computed using the SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis (SCORTEN) scale. Using the probabilities of death linked to each level of SCORTEN score, we calculated the expected probability of death in our patients. Healing was defined as complete reepithelialization, and a time to healing curve was then obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. All patients promptly responded to treatment, reaching complete reepithelialization without complications or side effects. The median time to healing was 8.5 days. This is a small, uncontrolled case series. These preliminary results suggest the possibility that tumor necrosis factor-alfa may be an effective target for control of TEN, a dangerous skin condition for which no effective cure has yet been found. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

[Progress in epidermal stem cells].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Li-Juan; Wang, You-Liang; Yang, Xiao

2010-03-01

Mammalian skin epidermis contains different epidermal stem cell pools which contribute to the homeostasis and repair of skin epithelium. Epidermal stem cells possess two essential features common to all stem cells: self-renewal and differentiation. Disturbing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of epidermal stem cell often causes tumors or other skin diseases. Epidermal stem cell niches provide a special microenvironment that maintains a balance of stem cell quiescence and activity. This review primarily concentrates on the following points of the epidermal stem cells: the existing evidences, the self-renewal and differentiation, the division pattern, the signal pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, and the microenvironment (niche) and macroenvironment maintaining the homeostasis of stem cells.

High-pressure synthesis and single-crystal structure elucidation of the indium oxide-borate In{sub 4}O{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ortner, Teresa S.; Vitzthum, Daniela; Heymann, Gunter; Huppertz, Hubert [Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Biomedicine (CCB), Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck (Austria)

2017-12-29

The indium oxide-borate In{sub 4}O{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} was synthesized under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions at 12.5 GPa/1420 K using a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. Single-crystal X-ray structure elucidation showed edge-sharing OIn{sub 4} tetrahedra and B{sub 2}O{sub 7} units building up the oxide-borate. It crystallizes with Z = 8 in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/n (no. 14) with a = 1016.54(3), b = 964.55(3), c = 1382.66(4) pm, and β = 109.7(1) . The compound was also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Tritium release behavior from neutron-irradiated Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanifuji, Takaaki; Yamaki, Daiju; Noda, Kenji [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Nasu, Shoichi

1998-03-01

Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} single-crystals with various size (1-2mm) were used as specimens. After the irradiation up to 4 x 10{sup 18} n/cm{sup 2} with thermal neutrons in JRR-2, tritium release from the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} specimens in isothermal heating tests was continuously measured with a proportional counter. The tritium release in the range from 625K to 1373K seems to be controlled by bulk diffusion. The tritium diffusion coefficient (D{sub T}) in Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} was evaluated to be D{sub T}(cm{sup 2}/sec) = 0.100exp(-104(kJ/mol)/RT), 625Ksub 2}TiO{sub 3} is almost equal to those of Li{sub 2}O irradiated with thermal neutrons up to 2 x 10{sup 19} n/cm{sup 2}. It indicates that the tritium release performance of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} is essentially good as Li{sub 2}O. (author)

Writing Bodies: Somatic Mind in Composition Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleckenstein, Kristie S.

1999-01-01

Discusses the somatic mind, a permeable materiality in which mind and body resolve into a single entity which is (re)formed by the constantly shifting boundaries of discursive and corporeal intertextualities. Addresses its importance in composition studies. Critiques the poststructuralist disregard of corporeality. (CR)

Hydrostatic pressure (8 GPa) dependence of electrical resistivity of BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ganguli, Chandreyee; Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki; Ohgushi, Kenya [Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 (Japan); Uwatoko, Yoshiya, E-mail: uwatoko@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 (Japan); Kanagaraj, Moorthi [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024 (India); Arumugam, Sonachalam, E-mail: sarumugam1963@yahoo.com [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024 (India)

2013-10-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Single crystals of BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} were grown by CoAs self-flux method. • We have studied pressure effects (8 GPa) on dc electrical resistivity of BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2}. • On applied external pressure BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} remains a metallic state up to 8 GPa. • Superconductivity is absent in BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} because of its proximity to ferromagnetism. - Abstract: The pressure dependence of the electrical resistivity of BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystal as a function of temperature was measured at ambient and high pressures up to 8 GPa for the first time using cubic anvil high pressure cell. It is observed that at room temperature the resistivity monotonically decreases with increasing pressure and it remains in the metallic state even at an applied pressure of 8 GPa. From the temperature dependence of the resistivity measurements under pressure, we found that superconductivity is absent up to 8 GPa. The value of the electron's scattering factor (A) is found to be large at ambient pressure and it decreases with the application of pressure, indicating that the substantial electron correlation effect of BaCo{sub 2}As{sub 2} is reduced under pressure, revealing a dramatic change of density of states at the Fermi energy.

Photocatalytic applications of Cr{sub 2}S{sub 3} synthesized from single and multi-source precursors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hussain, Wajid [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad (Pakistan); Badshah, Amin, E-mail: aminbadshah@qau.edu.pk [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad (Pakistan); Hussain, Raja Azadar; Imtiaz-ud-Din [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad (Pakistan); Aleem, Muhammad Adeel [The Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) (Pakistan); Bahadur, Ali [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad (Pakistan); Iqbal, Shahid [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China); Farooq, Muhammad Umar; Ali, Hassan [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad (Pakistan)

2017-06-15

Most of the material research work is pertinent to the synthesis of transition-metal sulfides nanoparticles but here the studies are limited to the synthesis of chromium sulfide. However, the preparation method, presented in this work, may be extended to other metal chalcogenides nanoparticles for various potential applications. The ligand (precursor), 1-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-3,3-chlorobenzoyl and Cr{sub 2}S{sub 3} have been synthesized initially from single source precursor and then from multi source precursors. The target was to alter the morphologies of nanomaterial while altering the synthetic route and that was successfully achieved. Chromium sulfide nano-rods were synthesized using single source precursors while nanoparticles were fabricated using multi source precursors. Characterization were carried out through {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction microscopy (PXRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our objective is to change the morphologies by changing the synthetic route so that is why further applications were done only for multi-source product, denying single source product. The metal sulfides nanoparticles exhibit higher activity than their bulk material for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under visible-light irradiation. So, photocatalytic activity was successfully achieved under direct sunlight against five different cationic and anionic organic dyes including malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl violet (MV) and methyl orange (MO). These organic dyes MV, MG, MB, and RB were almost diminished or decolorized by Cr{sub 2}S{sub 3} within 110, 90, 100, and 130, minutes, respectively expect MO. - Highlights: • Synthesis of Cr{sub 2}S{sub 3} from single and multisource precursors is

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of Cs{sub 2}Er[Si{sub 6}O{sub 14}]F and Cs{sub 2}Er[Si{sub 4}O{sub 10}]F

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dabic, Predrag; Kremenovic, Aleksandar; Vulic, Predag [Belgrade Univ. (Serbia). Lab. of Crystallography; Kahlenberg, Volker; Schmidmair, Daniela [Innsbruck Univ. (Austria). Inst. of Mineralogy and Petrography

2016-07-01

Single-crystal growth experiments in the system CsF-Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} resulted in the simultaneous crystallization of two chemically related compounds within the same run: Cs{sub 2}Er[Si{sub 6}O{sub 14}]F (phase I) and Cs{sub 2}Er[Si{sub 4}O{sub 10}]F (phase II). They represent the first examples for cesium erbium silicates containing fluorine. Basic crystallographic data are - phase I: space group Cmca, a=17.2556(6) Aa, b=24.6565(7) Aa, c=14.4735(5) Aa, V=6157.9(3) Aa{sup 3}, Z=16; phase II: space group Pnma, a=22.3748(7) Aa, b=8.8390(2) Aa, c=11.9710(4) Aa, V=2367.5(1) Aa{sup 3}, Z=8. The structures were determined by direct methods and refined to residuals of R(vertical stroke F vertical stroke)=0.0229 for 2920 (phase I) and 0.0231 for 2314 (phase II) independent observed reflections with I>2σ(I). The structure of phase I represents a previously unknown structure type with a three dimensional tetrahedral framework consisting of Q{sup 3} and Q{sup 4} groups in the ratio 2:1. Basic building units of the network are unbranched sechser single-chains running parallel to [001]. The network can be conveniently built up from the condensation of tetrahedral layers parallel to (010) or (100), respectively. The crystal structure of phase II can be classified as a tubular or columnar chain silicate indicating that the backbones of the structure are multiple chains of silicate tetrahedra. This structure is isotypic to a Cs{sub 2}Y[Si{sub 4}O{sub 10}]F, a compound that has been characterized previously. Alternatively, both compounds can be described as mixed octahedral-tetrahedral frameworks, which can be classified according to their polyhedral microensembles. A topological analysis of both nets is presented.

Single-phase ceramics with La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}Ga{sub 1-y}Mg{sub y}O{sub 3-{delta}} composition from precursors obtained by mechanosynthesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moure, A.; Tartaj, J.; Moure, C. [Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, CSIC, C/Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Castro, A. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, 3 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)

2009-03-15

Dense ceramics with La{sub 0.80}Sr{sub 0.20}Ga{sub 0.85}Mg{sub 0.15}O{sub 2.825} and La{sub 0.80}Sr{sub 0.15}Ga{sub 0.85}Mg{sub 0.20}O{sub 2.825} compositions have been prepared by sintering of mechanosynthesized precursors. The perovskite is synthesized after 85 h of milling in a planetary mill. Single phases have been obtained at conditions that are not possible if traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method is used. The influence of milling time and composition in the reactivity of the precursors is studied. Highest purity is obtained in Sr = 0.15 and Mg = 0.20 composition, with relative density higher than 97%. The total elimination of typical secondary phases for these compositions, as SrLaGaO{sub 4} and SrLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7}, allows the total conductivity of the ceramics to be improved. The influence of the grain size and the nature of the grain boundaries on the electrical characteristic of the ceramics are also discussed. (author)

Growth and characterization of the La{sub 3}Ga{sub 4.85}Fe{sub 0.15}SiO{sub 14} piezoelectric single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dou, Renqin [Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei, Anhui Province (China); University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Liu, Wenpeng; Zhang, Qingli; Ding, Shoujun; Sun, Dunlu [Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei, Anhui Province (China); Zhang, Qi [Anhui Firesky Crystal Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Tongling (China); Shi, Zibin [26th Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing (China); Wang, Jiyang [Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan (China)

2017-01-15

A new piezoelectric single crystal La{sub 3}Ga{sub 4.85}Fe{sub 0.15}SiO{sub 14} (LGFS) was grown by the Czochralski method firstly. Its structural parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement to the X-ray diffraction. The effective segregation coefficient k{sub eff} of Fe in the LGFS was determined to be 0.6. The cost of LGFS is reduced due to the doping of cheap Fe. The crystal density was measured to be 5.7 g cm{sup -3} by the buoyancy method. The defect structure of LGFS crystal was investigated by the chemical etching with 85% H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} etchant. Dislocation etching pit patterns of LGFS crystal are consistent with the corresponding atomic arrangement schematics. Compared with LGS, LGN, LGT, and LGAS crystal, the LGFS crystal exhibits outstanding dielectric and piezoelectric properties, and ε {sub 11}, ε {sub 33}, d{sub 11}, and d{sub 14} are 20.86, 51.99, 6.5 pC/N, and -5.10 pC/N, respectively. Therefore, LGFS may be a new potential piezoelectric crystal with high performance and low expense. (orig.)

Comparative study of optical and scintillation properties of YVO{sub 4}, (Lu{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5})VO{sub 4}, and LuVO{sub 4} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, Yutaka, E-mail: fuji-you@tagen.tohoku.ac.j [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Yanagida, Takayuki; Yokota, Yuui; Chani, Valery [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Kochurikhin, Vladimir V. [General Physics Institute, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991, Federation, Moscow (Russian Federation); Yoshikawa, Akira [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); NICHe, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan)

2011-04-11

Optical and scintillation properties of YVO{sub 4}, (Lu{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5})VO{sub 4}, and LuVO{sub 4} single crystals grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method with RF heating system are compared. All vanadate crystals show high transmittance ({approx}80%) in the 400-900 nm wavelength range. In both photo- and radio-luminescence spectra, intense peak around 400-500 nm, which was ascribed to the transition from triplet state of VO{sub 4}{sup 3-}, was clearly observed. The main decay time component was about 38 {mu}s (YVO{sub 4}), 18 {mu}s ((Lu{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5})VO{sub 4}), and 17 {mu}s (LuVO{sub 4}) under 340 nm excitation. The scintillation light yields of YVO{sub 4}, (Lu{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5})VO{sub 4}, and LuVO{sub 4} crystals (obtained from the {sup 137}Cs excited pulse height spectra) were evaluated to be about 11,200, 10,700, and 10,300 ph/MeV, respectively.

Fergusonite-type CeNbO{sub 4+δ}: Single crystal growth, symmetry revision and conductivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bayliss, Ryan D. [Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP (United Kingdom); Pramana, Stevin S.; An, Tao; Wei, Fengxia; Kloc, Christian L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 (Singapore); White, Andrew J.P. [Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Skinner, Stephen J. [Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP (United Kingdom); White, Timothy J. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 (Singapore); Baikie, Tom, E-mail: tbaikie@ntu.edu.sg [School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 (Singapore)

2013-08-15

Large fergusonite-type (ABO{sub 4}, A=Ce, B=Nb) oxide crystals, a prototype electrolyte composition for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), were prepared for the first time in a floating zone mirror furnace under air or argon atmospheres. While CeNbO{sub 4} grown in air contained CeNbO{sub 4.08} as a minor impurity that compromised structural analysis, the argon atmosphere yielded a single phase crystal of monoclinic CeNbO{sub 4}, as confirmed by selected area electron diffraction, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure was determined in the standard space group setting C12/c1 (No. 15), rather than the commonly adopted I12/a1. AC impedance spectroscopy conducted under argon found that stoichiometric CeNbO{sub 4} single crystals showed lower conductivity compared to CeNbO{sub 4+δ} confirming interstitial oxygen can penetrate through fergusonite and is responsible for the higher conductivity associated with these oxides. - Graphical abstract: Large fergusonite-type CeNbO{sub 4} crystals were prepared for the first time in a floating zone mirror furnace. Crystal growth in an argon atmosphere yielded a single phase monoclinic CeNbO4, as confirmed by selected area electron diffraction, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure was determined in the standard space group setting C12/c1 (No. 15), rather than the commonly adopted I12/a1. AC impedance spectroscopy found CeNbO{sub 4} single crystals showed lower conductivity compared to CeNbO{sub 4+δ} confirming interstitial oxygen can penetrate through fergusonite and is responsible for the higher conductivity associated with these oxides. Highlights: • Preparation of single crystals of CeNbO{sub 4} using a floating zone mirror furnace. • Correction to the crystal symmetry of the monoclinic form of CeNbO{sub 4}. • Report the conductivity of a single crystal of CeNbO{sub 4}.

Reduction of spontaneous somatic mutation frequency by a low-dose X irradiation of Drosophila larvae and possible involvement of DNA single-strand damage repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Koana, Takao; Takahashi, Takashi; Tsujimura, Hidenobu

2012-03-01

The third instar larvae of Drosophila were irradiated with X rays, and the somatic mutation frequency in their wings was measured after their eclosion. In the flies with normal DNA repair and apoptosis functions, 0.2 Gy irradiation at 0.05 Gy/min reduced the frequency of the so-called small spot (mutant cell clone with reduced reproductive activity) compared with that in the sham-irradiated flies. When apoptosis was suppressed using the baculovirus p35 gene, the small spot frequency increased four times in the sham-irradiated control group, but the reduction by the 0.2-Gy irradiation was still evident. In a non-homologous end joining-deficient mutant, the small spot frequency was also reduced by 0.2 Gy radiation. In a mutant deficient in single-strand break repair, no reduction in the small spot frequency by 0.2 Gy radiation was observed, and the small spot frequency increased with the radiation dose. Large spot (mutant cell clone with normal reproductive activity) frequency was not affected by suppression of apoptosis and increased monotonically with radiation dose in wild-type larvae and in mutants for single- or double-strand break repair. It is hypothesized that some of the small spots resulted from single-strand damage and, in wild-type larvae, 0.2 Gy radiation activated the normal single-strand break repair gene, which reduced the background somatic mutation frequency.

Timing characteristics of Ce doped Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12} single crystals in comparison with CsI(Tl) scintillators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tyagi, M.; Singh, A.K.; Singh, S.G.; Sen, S.; Gadkari, S.C. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 (India); Desai, V.V.; Nayak, B.K. [Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 (India)

2015-10-15

Single crystals of Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce with B codopants were successfully grown using the Czochralski technique. The timing characteristics of the crystal was measured by coupling the crystal to photomultiplier tubes (PMT) or silicon photodiodes [Si(PIN)]. The two prompt γ-rays emitted in a cascade from {sup 60}Co or {sup 22}Na source were detected in coincidence using Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce,B crystal detectors and a BaF{sub 2} detector. The time resolution of these crystals are observed to be better than that measured for CsI:Tl crystal coupled to PMT or Si(PIN) in an identical measurement setup. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Recurrent Somatic Structural Variations Contribute to Tumorigenesis in Pediatric Osteosarcoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiang Chen

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Pediatric osteosarcoma is characterized by multiple somatic chromosomal lesions, including structural variations (SVs and copy number alterations (CNAs. To define the landscape of somatic mutations in pediatric osteosarcoma, we performed whole-genome sequencing of DNA from 20 osteosarcoma tumor samples and matched normal tissue in a discovery cohort, as well as 14 samples in a validation cohort. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs exhibited a pattern of localized hypermutation called kataegis in 50% of the tumors. We identified p53 pathway lesions in all tumors in the discovery cohort, nine of which were translocations in the first intron of the TP53 gene. Beyond TP53, the RB1, ATRX, and DLG2 genes showed recurrent somatic alterations in 29%–53% of the tumors. These data highlight the power of whole-genome sequencing for identifying recurrent somatic alterations in cancer genomes that may be missed using other methods.

Rise and fall of ferromagnetism in O-irradiated Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Qiang [State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China); China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan 523803 (China); Xu, Juping; Liu, Jiandang; Du, Huaijiang; Ye, Bangjiao, E-mail: bjye@ustc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China)

2015-06-21

In dilute magnetic semiconductors studies, sapphire was usually used as non-magnetic substrate for films. We observed weak ferromagnetic component in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} single crystal substrate, and excluded the possibility of ferromagnetic contaminations carefully by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ferromagnetism rise and fall during the process of annealing-oxygen irradiation-annealing of the sapphire. The ferromagnetic changes are consistent with Al-vacancy related defects detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy. With first-principle calculations, we confirm that Al-vacancy can introduce magnetic moment for 3 μB in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} crystal and form stable V{sub Al}-V{sub Al} ferromagnetic coupling at room temperature.

Effects of artificial holes in very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} bulk superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, S. D.; Jun, B. H.; Kim, C. J. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Park, H. W. [Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

2017-09-15

The effects of artificial holes on the trapped magnetic fields and magnetic levitation forces of very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} (Y1.5) bulk superconductors were studied. Artificial holes were made for Y1.5 powder compacts by die pressing using cylindrical dies with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 m, or rectangular dies with a side length of 50 mm. The single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (25 mm, 33 mm in diameter and 42 mm in side length) with artificial holes were fabricated using a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for the die-pressed Y1.5 powder compacts. The magnetic levitation forces at 77 K of the 25 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with one (diameters of 4.2 mm) or six artificial holes (diameters of 2.5 mm) were 10-17% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The trapped magnetic fields at 77 K of the Y1.5 samples with artificial holes were also 9.6-18% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The 33 mm and 42 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with artificial holes (2.5 mm and 4.2 mm in diameter) also showed trapped magnetic fields 10-13% higher than that of the Y1.5 samples without artificial holes in spite of the reduced superconducting volume fraction due to the presence of artificial holes. The property enhancement in the large single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors appears to be attributed to the formation of the pore-free regions near the artificial holes and the homogeneous oxygen distribution in the large Y123 grains.

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND MORPHOANATOMY OF Ocotea porosa SOMATIC EMBRYOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Luiza Pelegrini

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Ocotea porosa seeds have strong tegument dormancy, recalcitrant behavior, low and irregular germination and that makes its natural propagation difficult. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol of regeneration of Ocotea porosa from somatic embryogenesis. Immature embryonic axes were inoculated on WPM culture medium supplemented with 2.4-D (200 μM combined or not with hydrolyzed casein or glutamine (0.5 or 1 g l-1, during 90 days. The repetitive embryogenesis was induced on medium with 2.4-D (22.62 μM combined with 2-iP (2.46 μM followed by transfer to culture medium with hydrolyzed casein or glutamine (1 g l-1 during 90 days. The maturation of somatic embryos was tested in culture medium containing NAA (0.5 μM and 2-iP (5; 10 and 20 μM. The highest percentage of somatic embryos induction (8.3% was observed in WPM culture medium containing 200 μM 2.4-D and 1 g L-1 hydrolyzed casein and the development of somatic embryos occurred indirectly. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was promoted in WPM medium containing hydrolyzed casein or glutamine. However, the culture medium containing hydrolyzed casein promoted the maintenance of embryogenic capacity for more than two years. During the maturity phase, there was a low progression of globular embryos to cordiform and torpedo stages. The different ontogenetic stages of somatic embryos of Ocotea porosa were characterized by histological studies.

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND MORPHOANATOMY OF Ocotea porosa SOMATIC EMBRYOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Luiza Pelegrini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812343Ocotea porosa seeds have strong tegument dormancy, recalcitrant behavior, low and irregular germinationand that makes its natural propagation difficult. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol ofregeneration of Ocotea porosa from somatic embryogenesis. Immature embryonic axes were inoculatedon WPM culture medium supplemented with 2.4-D (200 μM combined or not with hydrolyzed casein orglutamine (0.5 or 1 g l-1, during 90 days. The repetitive embryogenesis was induced on medium with 2.4-D(22.62 μM combined with 2-iP (2.46 μM followed by transfer to culture medium with hydrolyzed caseinor glutamine (1 g l-1 during 90 days. The maturation of somatic embryos was tested in culture mediumcontaining NAA (0.5 μM and 2-iP (5; 10 and 20 μM. The highest percentage of somatic embryos induction(8.3% was observed in WPM culture medium containing 200 μM 2.4-D and 1 g L-1 hydrolyzed casein andthe development of somatic embryos occurred indirectly. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was promotedin WPM medium containing hydrolyzed casein or glutamine. However, the culture medium containinghydrolyzed casein promoted the maintenance of embryogenic capacity for more than two years. Duringthe maturity phase, there was a low progression of globular embryos to cordiform and torpedo stages.The different ontogenetic stages of somatic embryos of Ocotea porosa were characterized by histologicalstudies.

Determination of intrinsic polarization for K{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} single crystal grown by Czochralski technique for ferroelectric applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Sonu [Crystal Lab, Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India); Ray, Geeta [Crystal Lab, Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India); Physics Department, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India); Sinha, Nidhi [Crystal Lab, Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India); Department of Electronics, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India); Kumar, Binay, E-mail: b3kumar69@yahoo.co.in [Crystal Lab, Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-7 (India)

2017-04-01

Large sized single crystal of K{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} (KZC) was grown by Czochralski (Cz) technique. Structural parameters of KZC were determined by Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). From DSC analysis and temperature dependent dielectric measurement, KZC crystal was found to show Curie phase transition at 151 °C. TG/DTA confirmed the melting point that was found to be 443 °C. The value of piezoelectric charge coefficient (d{sub 33}) for KZC crystal was found to be 32 pC/N demonstrating their applicability in transducers and piezoelectric devices. Ferroelectric P-E loop for the grown crystal was traced at room temperature and the intrinsic polarization obtained by PUND measurement was found to be 0.1398 μC/cm{sup 2} indicating its applicability in switching devices. The energy band gap for KZC single crystal was found to be 6.13 eV. Vickers micro-hardness test revealed soft nature of KZC single crystals. - Highlights: • Large sized K{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} (KZC) single crystal was grown by Czochralski technique. • It possesses high Curie temperature as 151 °C. • d{sub 33} coefficient was found to be 32 pC/N. • Intrinsic polarization measured by PUND. • Its direct band gap energy was calculated to be 6.13 eV.

Pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge{sub 0.89}Sn{sub 0.11} on amorphous dielectric layers towards monolithic 3D photonic integration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Haofeng; Brouillet, Jeremy; Wang, Xiaoxin; Liu, Jifeng, E-mail: Jifeng.Liu@dartmouth.edu [Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States)

2014-11-17

We demonstrate pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge{sub 0.89}Sn{sub 0.11} crystallized on amorphous layers at <450 °C towards 3D Si photonic integration. We developed two approaches to seed the lateral single crystal growth: (1) utilize the Gibbs-Thomson eutectic temperature depression at the tip of an amorphous GeSn nanotaper for selective nucleation; (2) laser-induced nucleation at one end of a GeSn strip. Either way, the crystallized Ge{sub 0.89}Sn{sub 0.11} is dominated by a single grain >18 μm long that forms optoelectronically benign twin boundaries with others grains. These pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge{sub 0.89}Sn{sub 0.11} patterns are suitable for monolithic 3D integration of active photonic devices on Si.

Sound velocity and attenuation in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O/sub 7-//sub δ/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi, X.D.; Yu, R.C.; Wang, Z.Z.; Ong, N.P.; Chaikin, P.M.

1989-01-01

We have used a modified vibrating reed technique to measure the temperature dependence of the sound velocity and attenuation for modes corresponding to the Young's modulus and c/sub 14/ shear modulus of single crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub δ/. The Young's sound velocity shows a tremendous softening during the superconducting transition: a smeared discontinuity of as high as 190 ppm. Below the transition, the temperature dependences of both sound velocities harden considerably. The discontinuities of the sound velocities and their temperature derivatives at T/sub c/ are related to the specific-heat jump at the superconducting transition

Giant volume magnetostriction in the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} single crystal at room temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikitin, S. A., E-mail: nikitin@phys.msu.ru; Pankratov, N. Yu.; Smarzhevskaya, A. I.; Politova, G. A. [Physics Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Pastushenkov, Yu. G., E-mail: yupast@mail.ru; Skokov, K. P. [Physics Faculty, Tver State University, 170100 Tver (Russian Federation); Moral, A. del [Laboratorio de Magnetismo de Slidos, Departamento de Fisica de Materia Condensada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragn, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain)

2015-05-21

An investigation of the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} compound belonging to the class of intermetallic alloys of rare-earth and 3d-transition metals is presented. The magnetization, magnetostriction, and thermal expansion of the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} single crystal were studied. The forced magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were investigated in the temperature range of the magnetic ordering close to the room temperature. The giant field induced volume magnetostriction was discovered in the room temperature region in the magnetic field up to 1.2 T. The contributions of both anisotropic single-ion and isotropic pair exchange interactions to the volume magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were determined. The experimental results were interpreted within the framework of the Standard Theory of Magnetostriction and the Landau thermodynamic theory. It was found out that the giant values of the volume magnetostriction were caused by the strong dependence of the 3d-electron Coulomb charge repulsion on the deformations and width of the 3d-electron energy band.

Single crystalline Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}:sapphire films as potentially high-gain amplifiers at telecommunication wavelength

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuznetsov, A. S.; Sadofev, S.; Schäfer, P.; Kalusniak, S.; Henneberger, F., E-mail: fh@physik.hu-berlin.de [Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)

2014-11-10

Single crystalline thin films of Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}, demonstrating efficient 1.5 μm luminescence of Er{sup 3+} at room temperature were grown on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The absorption coefficient at 1.536 μm was found to reach 270 cm{sup −1} translating in a maximal possible gain of 1390 dBcm{sup −1}. In conjunction with the 10% higher refractive index as compared to Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, this opens the possibility to use Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}:sapphire films as short-length waveguide amplifiers in telecommunication.

Determination of the hydrogen positions in the novel barium boroarsenate Ba[B{sub 2}As{sub 2}O{sub 8}(OH){sub 2}] by combined single crystal X-ray and powder neutron investigations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lieb, Alexandra [School of Chemistry, University of Southampton (United Kingdom); Fakultaet fuer Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Chemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitaet, Magdeburg (Germany); Weller, Mark T. [School of Chemistry, University of Southampton (United Kingdom); Department of Chemistry, University of Bath (United Kingdom)

2017-11-17

The boroarsenate Ba[B{sub 2}As{sub 2}O{sub 8}(OH){sub 2}] was obtained by the reaction of NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}AsO{sub 4}, B(OH){sub 3} and BaBr{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O in the melt. Ba[B{sub 2}As{sub 2}O{sub 8}(OH){sub 2}] was obtained as thin colorless needles, together with spherical crystals of BAsO{sub 4} as by-product, grown on a pellet of Ba[BAsO{sub 5}]. The products could be separated mechanically. For neutron scattering experiments a sample was prepared with {sup 11}B(OH){sub 3} as a starting material. The crystal structure of Ba[B{sub 2}As{sub 2}O{sub 8}(OH){sub 2}] was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and exhibits a layer structure with an unprecedented layer topology. The exact positions of the hydrogen atoms were determined using combined single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction investigations. Ba[B{sub 2}As{sub 2}O{sub 8}(OH){sub 2}] was further characterized by IR spectroscopy and EDX analysis. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Hard X-ray MCD in GdNi/sub 5/ and TbNi/sub 5/ single crystals

CERN Document Server

Galera, R M

1999-01-01

XMCD experiments have been performed at the R L/sub 2,3/ and Ni K- edges on magnetically saturated single crystals of GdNi/sub 5/ and Tb Ni/sub 5/ ferromagnetic compounds. The spectra present huge and well structured dichroic $9 signals at both the R L/sub 2,3/ and the Ni K- edges. Structures from the quadrupolar (2p to 4f) transitions are clearly observed at the R L/sub 2,3/-edges. Though Ni is not magnetic, large intensities, up to 0.4, are measured at the $9 Ni K- edge. The Ni K-edge XMCD shows a three-peak structure which intensities dependent on the rare earth. (7 refs).

Inference of Tumor Phylogenies with Improved Somatic Mutation Discovery

KAUST Repository

Salari, Raheleh; Saleh, Syed Shayon; Kashef-Haghighi, Dorna; Khavari, David; Newburger, Daniel E.; West, Robert B.; Sidow, Arend; Batzoglou, Serafim

2013-01-01

multiple, genetically related tumors, current methods do not exploit available phylogenetic information to improve the accuracy of their variant calls. Here, we present a novel algorithm that uses somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in multiple

Determination of NAD⁺ and NADH level in a Single Cell Under H<sub>2sub>O>2sub> Stress by Capillary Electrophoresis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xi, Wenjun [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2008-01-01

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method is developed to determine both NAD⁺ and NADH levels in a single cell, based on an enzymatic cycling reaction. The detection limit can reach down to 0.2 amol NAD⁺ and 1 amol NADH on a home-made CE-LIF setup. The method showed good reproducibility and specificity. After an intact cell was injected into the inlet of a capillary and lysed using a Tesla coil, intracellular NAD⁺ and NADH were separated, incubated with the cycling buffer, and quantified by the amount of fluorescent product generated. NADH and NAD⁺ levels of single cells of three cell lines and primary astrocyte culture were determined using this method. Comparing cellular NAD⁺ and NADH levels with and without exposure to oxidative stress induced by H<sub>2sub>O>2sub>, it was found that H9c2 cells respond to the stress by reducing both cellular NAD⁺ and NADH levels, while astrocytes respond by increasing cellular NADH/NAD⁺ ratio.

Electrical and photoelectric properties of PbGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4} single crystals; Ehlektricheskie i fotoehlektricheskie svojstva monokristalla PbGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tagiev, B G; Tagiev, O B; Dzhabbarov, R B; Musaeva, N N [AN Azerbajdzhana, Inst. Fiziki, Baku (Azerbaijan)

1999-01-01

Thermal dependence of dark current spectral distribution of photocurrent and temperature quenching of photocurrent of PbGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4} single crystals are investigated. Concentrations and mobilities of free charge carriers, concentrations and activation energies of gaps, values of Fermi level and forbidden zone width are calculated.

Raman spectroscopic studies of Nd{sub 0.75}Sm{sub 0.25}GaO{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nithya, R., E-mail: nithya@igcar.gov.in; Ravindran, T. R. [Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, TN (India); Daniel, D. J. [Centre for Crystal Growth, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam-603110, TN (India)

2015-06-24

Single crystals of Nd{sub 1-x}Sm{sub x}GaO{sub 3} (x= 0 and 0.25) were grown by a four mirror IR image furnace using floating zone technique. The crystals are characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. NGO adopts orthorhombic structure with Pbnm symmetry and samarium substituted compound also exhibited the same structure as that of the pristine compound without secondary phases. Polarized Raman spectra are measured at ambient temperature in a back scattering geometry. Spectra exhibit low intensity first-order Raman bands. In addition, several high intensity second-order Raman bands have been observed in the frequency range 2000 to 4000 cm{sup −1}.

Ferroelectric InMnO{sub 3}: Growth of single crystals, structure and high-temperature phase transitions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bekheet, Maged F., E-mail: maged.bekheet@ceramics.tu-berlin.de [Fachbereich Material‐ und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe / Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin (Germany); Svoboda, Ingrid; Liu, Na [Fachbereich Material‐ und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren [Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, d-60438 Frankfurt a.M. (Germany); Irran, Elisabeth [Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany); Dietz, Christian; Stark, Robert W.; Riedel, Ralf [Fachbereich Material‐ und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Gurlo, Aleksander [Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe / Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin (Germany)

2016-09-15

To understand the origin of the ferroelectricity in InMnO{sub 3}, single crystals with average size of 1 mm were grown in PbF{sub 2} flux at 950 °C. The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction, second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy studies of high-quality InMnO{sub 3} single crystals reveal that the room-temperature state in this material is ferroelectric with P6{sub 3}cm symmetry. The polar InMnO{sub 3} specimen undergoes a reversible phase transition from non-centrosymmetric P6{sub 3}cm structure to a centrosymmetric P6{sub 3}/mmc structure at 700 °C as confirmed by the in situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. - Graphical abstract: Piezoresponse fore microscopy (PFM) studies of high quality InMnO{sub 3} single crystal revealed that the room-temperature state of this material is ferroelectric with a clear cloverleaf pattern corresponding to six antiphase ferroelectric domains with alternating polarization ±P{sub z}. Display Omitted - Highlights: • InMnO{sub 3} single crystals with average size of 1 mm were grown in PbF{sub 2} flux at 950 °C. • The room-temperature state of InMnO{sub 3} is ferroelectric with polar P6{sub 3}cm structure. • PolarInMnO{sub 3} reversibly transforms to a centrosymmetric P6{sub 3}/mmc structure above 700 °C.

Synthesis, structural, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies and IR induced anisotropy of Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parasyuk, O.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Voli Ave. 13, Lutsk, 43025 (Ukraine); Khyzhun, O.Y. [Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Krzhyzhanivsky St., 03142, Kyiv (Ukraine); Piasecki, M. [Institute of Physics, J. Dlugosz University Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa (Poland); Kityk, I.V., E-mail: iwank74@gmail.com [Electrical Engineering Department, Czestochowa University Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, PL-42-217, Czestochowa (Poland); Lakshminarayana, G. [Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Luzhnyi, I. [Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Krzhyzhanivsky St., 03142, Kyiv (Ukraine); Fochuk, P.M. [Yuriy Fed’kovych Chernivtsi National University, 2 Kotziubynskoho Str., 58012, Chernivtsi (Ukraine); Fedorchuk, A.O. [Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Pekarska Street 50, 79010, Lviv (Ukraine); Levkovets, S.I.; Yurchenko, O.M.; Piskach, L.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Voli Ave. 13, Lutsk, 43025 (Ukraine)

2017-02-01

In the present work, we report on the synthesis and structural properties including X-ray protoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} crystals that were grown by Bridgman-Stockbarger method up to 80 mm in length and 18 mm in diameter. The existence of the ternary compound Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} that melts incongruently at 641 K was confirmed. Phase equilibria and structural properties for the TlI–HgI{sub 2} system were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. X-ray photoelectron spectra were measured for both pristine and Ar{sup +} ion-bombarded Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} single crystal surfaces. The data reveal that the Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} single crystal is sensitive with respect to Ar{sup +} ion-bombardment as 3.0 keV Ar{sup +} irradiation over 5 min at an ion current density 14 μA/cm{sup 2} induces changes to the elemental stoichiometry of the Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} surface, leading to a decrease of the mercury content in the topmost surface layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate very low hygroscopic nature of the Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} single crystal surface. The IR coherent bicolor laser treatment at wavelengths 10.6/5.3 μm has shown an occurrence of anisotropy at wavelengths 1540 nm of Er:glass laser. This may open the applications of Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} as a material for IR laser triggering. - Highlights: • Phase diagram of the HgI{sub 2}–TlI system was built. • Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} single crystals were grown by Bridgman Stockbarger method. • XRD, XPS analysis was done. • Ir induced anisotropy was established. • The compounds may be proposed as Ir laser operated polarizers.

The crystal structure and luminescence quenching of poly- and single-crystalline KYW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Tb{sup 3+}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwung, Sebastian [Fachbereich Chemieingenieurwesen, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt (Germany); Rytz, Daniel, E-mail: rytz@fee-io.de [Forschungsinstitut für mineralische und metallische Werkstoffe-Edelsteine/ Edelmetalle-GmbH (FEE), Struthstraße 2, 55743 Idar-Oberstein (Germany); Heying, Birgit; Rodewald, Ute Ch.; Niehaus, Oliver [Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster (Germany); Enseling, David [Fachbereich Chemieingenieurwesen, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt (Germany); Jüstel, Thomas, E-mail: tj@fh-muenster.de [Fachbereich Chemieingenieurwesen, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt (Germany); Pöttgen, Rainer, E-mail: pottgen@uni-muenster.de [Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster (Germany)

2015-10-15

Terbium-substituted KYW{sub 2}O{sub 8} single crystals of high optical quality were grown by the top seeded solution growth technique. The degree of yttrium–terbium mixed occupancy was determined for two samples through structure refinements on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data underline the paramagnetic nature of terbium doped crystals. No magnetic ordering is evident down to 2 K. Luminescence measurements yield the typical excitation and emission spectra as expected for Tb{sup 3+} activated materials. The decay time of Tb{sup 3+} decreases linearly with the Tb{sup 3+} concentration, while the excess of thermal quenching does not change significantly. At about 405 K the decay time is reduced by roughly 50% relative to the low-temperature value, both for the powders as for the single crystals. - Highlights: • Single crystalline and powder series of K(Y,Tb)W{sub 2}O{sub 8.} • Refined XRD data of high quality crystals. • Linear decrease of the decay time with Tb{sup 3+} content.

The single crystal structure determination of Ln{sub 6}MnSb{sub 15} (Ln=La, Ce), Ln{sub 6}Mn{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Sb{sub 15} (x∝0.5), and Ln{sub 6}ZnSb{sub 15} (Ln=La-Pr)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benavides, Katherine A.; McCandless, Gregory T.; Chan, Julia Y. [Texas Univ., Dallas, Richardson, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry

2017-09-01

Single crystals of Ln{sub 6}MnSb{sub 15} (Ln=La, Ce), Ln{sub 6}Mn{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Sb{sub 15} (x∝0.5), and Ln{sub 6}ZnSb{sub 15} (Ln=La-Pr) have been successfully grown and the compounds adopt the orthorhombic Ln{sub 6}MnSb{sub 15} structure type (space group Immm), with a∝4.3 Aa, b∝15 Aa, and c∝19 Aa. This structure is comprised of antimony nets and antimony ribbons which exhibit positional disorder at connecting points between antimony substructures, in addition to two partially occupied transition metal sites. The unit cell volumes of the La analogs displayed a systematic decrease upon Zn substitution. However, for the Ce{sub 6}Mn{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Sb{sub 15} and Pr{sub 6}Mn{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Sb{sub 15} (x∝0.5), the volumes deviate from linearity as observed in the parent compounds.

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectral study of [Mn(acs){sub 2}(2–pic){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}] single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kocakoç, Mehpeyker, E-mail: mkocakoc@cu.edu.tr [Çukurova University (Turkey); Tapramaz, Recep, E-mail: recept@omu.edu.tr [Ondokuz Mayıs University (Turkey)

2016-03-25

Acesulfame potassium salt is a synthetic and non-caloric sweetener. It is also important chemically for its capability of being ligand in coordination compounds, because it can bind over Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms of carbonyl and sulfonyl groups and ring oxygen. Some acesulfame containing transition metal ion complexes with mixed ligands exhibit solvato and thermo chromic properties and these properties make them physically important. In this work single crystals of Mn{sup +2} ion complex with mixed ligand, [Mn(acs){sub 2}(2-pic){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}], was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR parameters were determined. Zero field splitting parameters indicated that the complex was highly symmetric. Variable temperature studies showed no detectable chance in spectra.

Unusual magnetic properties of UGa{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaczorowski, D.; Klamut, P.W.; Czopnik, A.; Jezowski, A. [Polska Akademia Nauk, Wroclaw (Poland). Inst. Niskich Temperatur i Badan Strukturalnych

1998-01-01

The magnetic behaviour of single-crystalline UGa{sub 3} has been studied by means of DC- and AC-magnetic susceptibility and thermal conductivity measurements. As many as three pronounced singularities have been found in both, the {chi}(T) and {kappa}(T) variations. The features at T{sub N} = 65 K are associated with an antiferromagnetic phase transition while those at T{sub 1} = 40 K and T{sub 2} = 8 K have an unknown origin. At low temperatures a significant diamagnetic response is observed in {chi}`(T) accompanied by a rapid rise in {chi}{sup ``}(T). This behaviour of the AC-susceptibility is strongly dependent on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field and on the strength of the external steady magnetic field. (orig.) 7 refs.

Topotactic conversion route to mesoporous quasi-single-crystalline Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanobelts with optimizable electrochemical performance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tian, Li [MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Physics and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510275 (China); School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, 411201 (China); Zou, Hongli; Fu, Junxiang; Yang, Xianfeng; Wang, Yi; Fu, Xionghui; Liang, Chaolun; Wu, Mingmei; Shen, Pei Kang [MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Physics and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510275 (China); Guo, Hongliang; Gao, Qiuming [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Rd., Shanghai 200050 (China)

2010-02-22

The growth of mesoporous quasi-single-crystalline Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanobelts by topotactic chemical transformation from {alpha}-Co(OH){sub 2} nanobelts is realized. During the topotactic transformation process, the primary {alpha}-Co(OH){sub 2} nanobelt frameworks can be preserved. The phases, crystal structures, morphologies, and growth behavior of both the precursory and resultant products are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy - scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Detailed investigation of the formation mechanism of the porous Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanobelts indicates topotactic nucleation and oriented growth of textured spinel Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanowalls (nanoparticles) inside the nanobelts. Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals prefer [0001] epitaxial growth direction of hexagonal {alpha}-Co(OH){sub 2} nanobelts due to the structural matching of [0001] {alpha}-Co(OH){sub 2}//[111] Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}. The surface-areas and pore sizes of the spinel Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} products can be tuned through heat treatment of {alpha}-Co(OH){sub 2} precursors at different temperatures. The galvanostatic cycling measurement of the Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} products indicates that their charge-discharge performance can be optimized. In the voltage range of 0.0-3.0 V versus Li{sup +}/Li at 40 mA g{sup -1}, reversible capacities of a sample consisting of mesoporous quasi-single-crystalline Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanobelts can reach up to 1400 mA h g{sup -1}, much larger than the theoretical capacity of bulk Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} (892 mA h g{sup -1}). (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Somatic symptom disorder

Science.gov (United States)

... related disorders; Somatization disorder; Somatiform disorders; Briquet syndrome; Illness anxiety disorder References American Psychiatric Association. Somatic symptom disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . ...

[Hypochondriac symptoms in late-onset depression: the relationship between hypochondria and somatic state of patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanets, N N; Avdeeva, T I; Kinkul'kina, M A

2013-01-01

Authors studied 276 women with late-onset depression. Concomitant chronic somatic diseases were identified in 90%. The presence of disease and its nosological definition did not impact on the development of hypochondriac symptoms in patients with late-onset depression. Patients with hypochondriac late-onset depression more often had disability pension due to somatic disease because they more often referred to internists in case of similar objective severity of somatic pathology. It was singled out three variants of the relationship between hypochondria and somatic state: hypernosognostic (a complete coincidence of hypochondria content with actual somatic pathology; anosognostic (a lack of coincidence) and disharmonic (a partial coincidence). The themes of hypochondria in late-nset depressions were correlated with a total number of somatic diseases and their severity. At the same time, there was no correlation between the content of hypochondria and the character of somatic disease.

Tunable White-Light Emission in Single-Cation-Templated Three-Layered 2D Perovskites (CH <sub>3sub> CH <sub>2sub> NH <sub>3sub> ) <sub>4sub> Pb <sub>3sub> Br <sub>10–xsub> Cl <sub>x>

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mao, Lingling; Wu, Yilei; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Traore, Boubacar [Institut; Katan, Claudine [Institut; Even, Jacky [Fonctions; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

2017-08-16

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites come as a family (B)<sub>2sub>(A)>n-1sub>PbnX>3n+1sub> (B and A= cations; X= halide). These perovskites are promising semiconductors for solar cells and optoelectronic applications. Among the fascinating properties of these materials is white-light emission, which has been mostly observed in single-layered 2D lead bromide or chloride systems (n = 1), where the broad emission comes from the transient photoexcited states generated by self-trapped excitons (STEs) from structural distortion. Here we report a multilayered 2D perovskite (n = 3) exhibiting a tunable white-light emission. Ethylammonium (EA+) can stabilize the 2D perovskite structure in EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Br>10–xsub>Cl_x> (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9.5, and 10) with EA⁺ being both the A and B cations in this system. Because of the larger size of EA, these materials show a high distortion level in their inorganic structures, with EA4Pb3Cl10 having a much larger distortion than that of EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Br>10sub>, which results in broadband white-light emission of EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Cl>10sub> in contrast to narrow blue emission of EA4Pb3Br10. The average lifetime of the series decreases gradually from the Cl end to the Br end, indicating that the larger distortion also prolongs the lifetime (more STE states). The band gap of EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Br>10–xsub>Cl_x> ranges from 3.45 eV (x = 10) to 2.75 eV (x = 0), following Vegard’s law. First-principles density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that both EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Cl>10sub> and EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Br>10sub> are direct band gap semiconductors. The color rendering index (CRI) of the series improves from 66 (EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Cl>10sub>) to 83 (EA<sub>4sub>Pb>3sub>Br>0.5sub>Cl>9.5sub>), displaying high tunability and versatility of the

The importance of staphylococci and threshold value of somatic cell count for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis in Pirlak sheep at mid-lactation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozenc, E; Seker, E; Baki Acar, D; Birdane, M K; Darbaz, I; Dogan, N

2011-12-01

This study investigated the bacterial agents causing sub-clinical mastitis and the mean somatic cell counts (SCC) of milk in Pirlak sheep at mid-lactation. The percentage of infected udder halves was 11.4% (53/464). The most frequently isolated species were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (64.2%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24.5%) and Escherichia coli (11.3%). Among the CNS, the most common species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.2%). The other species isolated from milk samples were Staphylococcus xylosus (17.7%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (14.7%), Staphylococcus simulans (8.8%) and Staphylococcus hyicus (8.8%). The mean SCC for culture positive and negative samples was 1742×10(3) and 161×10(3) cells/ml, respectively. A significant difference (pmastitis in Pirlak sheep. This is the first study to describe the bacterial agents causing sub-clinical mastitis and threshold limit for SCC in Pirlak sheep in Turkey. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Regeneration of Algerian germplasm by stigma/style somatic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... days in most of the cultured genotypes. Formed embryos were cultured in a single tube before in vivo acclimatization. After sanitary assays, regenerated plants were shown to be free from the agents detected in the mother trees. Key words: Algeria, citrus germplasm, plant regeneration, sanitation, somatic embryogenesis.

Czochralski growth and characterization of {beta}-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galazka, Z.; Uecker, R.; Irmscher, K.; Albrecht, M.; Klimm, D.; Pietsch, M.; Bruetzam, M.; Bertram, R.; Ganschow, S.; Fornari, R. [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)

2010-12-15

Transparent semiconducting {beta}-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method from an iridium crucible under a dynamic protective atmosphere to control partial pressures of volatile species of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Thermodynamic calculations on different atmospheres containing CO{sub 2}, Ar and O{sub 2} reveal that CO{sub 2} growth atmosphere combined with overpressure significantly decreases evaporation of volatile Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} species without any harm to iridium crucible. It has been found that CO{sub 2}, besides providing high oxygen concentration at high temperatures, is also acting as a minor reducing agent for Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Different coloration of obtained crystals as well as optical and electrical properties are directly correlated with growth conditions (atmosphere, pressure and temperature gradients), but not with residual impurities. Typical electrical properties of the n-type {beta}-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} crystals at room temperature are: {rho} = 0.1 - 0.3 {omega}cm, {mu}{sub n,Hall} = 110 - 150 cm{sup 2}V{sup -1}s{sup -1}, n{sub Hall} = 2 - 6 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} and E{sub Ionisation} = 30 - 40 meV. A decrease of transmission in the IR-region is directly correlated with the free carrier concentration and can be effectively modulated by the dynamic growth atmosphere. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra exhibit an isotropic shallow donor level and anisotropic defect level. According to differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements, there is substantially no mass change of {beta}-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} crystals below 1200 C (i.e. no decomposition) under oxidizing or neutral atmosphere, while the mass gradually decreases with temperature above 1200 C. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images at atomic resolution show the presence of vacancies, which can be attributed to Ga or O sites, and interstitials, which can likely be attributed to Ga atoms. (copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGa

Scintillation and optical properties of Ce{sup 3+}-doped CaGdAl{sub 3}O{sub 7} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mori, Masaki, E-mail: masaki.mori.mz4@ms.naist.jp [Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192 (Japan); Nakauchi, Daisuke; Okada, Go [Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192 (Japan); Fujimoto, Yutaka [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 (Japan); Kawaguchi, Noriaki [Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192 (Japan); Koshimizu, Masanori [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 (Japan); Yanagida, Takayuki [Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192 (Japan)

2017-06-15

The single crystals of 0, 0.6, 1, 1.6 and 2 mol% Ce doped CaGdAl{sub 3}O{sub 7} (Ce:CGAM) were grown by the Floating Zone method, and investigated on photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation properties. In the PL spectra, a broad emission appeared over 380–500 nm under 280 and 360 nm excitations with the quantum yield of 33.8–38.8%. Under a vacuum ultraviolet excitation (90 nm) using a synchrotron source, non-doped CGAM single crystal showed broad emissions over 250–650 nm. The PL decay time profiles followed a monotonic exponential decay with a decay time constant of around 33 ns. The scintillation spectra were similar to those of PL. All of the samples exhibited a clear photoabsorption peak and Compton edge in the pulse height spectra measured under {sup 137}Cs γ-ray irradiation, and the absolute scintillation light yield (LY) was highest for the 2% Ce-doped sample with the value of 3300±300 ph/MeV. The scintillation decay profiles were approximated by a third order exponential decay function, and the extracted decay time of Ce{sup 3+} emission component was around 36–44 ns. Among all the samples, 2%Ce:CGAM single crystal sample showed the best afterglow level as a scintillator under X-ray irradiation. - Highlights: •Ce{sup 3+}-doped CaGdAl{sub 3}O{sub 7} single crystals were synthesized by the FZ method. •Optical and scintillation properties of Ce{sup 3+}-doped CaGdAl{sub 3}O{sub 7} were investigated. •Photoabsorption peak in a pulse height spectrum was clearly observed under γ-rays.

Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes and CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Guo; Sheng, Leimei, E-mail: slmss@shu.edu.cn; Yu, Liming; An, Kang; Ren, Wei; Zhao, Xinluo, E-mail: xlzhao@shu.edu.cn

2015-03-15

Highlights: • LPA-SWCNTs have been abundantly fabricated by a facile, time-saving, economical and non-hazardous method using DC arc discharge technique in low-pressure air. • The electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of LPA-SWCNTs, CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals and LPA-SWCNT/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were investigated and the LPA-SWCNT/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties. • The Debye theory and impedance matching were used to analyze the electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption properties. - Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes were facilely and abundantly synthesized by low-pressure air arc discharge method (LPA-SWCNTs), and CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals were synthesized by a nitrate citric acid sol–gel auto-ignition method. The electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of LPA-SWCNTs, CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals and their nanocomposites were investigated. The LPA-SWCNT/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites showed excellent microwave absorption properties. The minimum efficient reflection loss is −30.7 dB at 12.9 GHz for 10 wt% of LPA-SWCNTs in the nanocomposites, and an effective absorption bandwidth with a reflection loss below −10 dB is 7.2 GHz. The Debye equation and impedance matching were introduced to explain the microwave absorption properties. Compared with the single-component materials, the LPA-SWCNT/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites are an excellent candidate for microwave absorbers.

Synthesis of BiFeO{sub 3} thin films on single-terminated Nb : SrTiO{sub 3} (111) substrates by intermittent microwave assisted hydrothermal method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velasco-Davalos, Ivan; Ambriz-Vargas, Fabian; Kolhatkar, Gitanjali; Thomas, Reji, E-mail: ruediger@emt.inrs.ca, E-mail: reji.thomas@emt.inrs.ca; Ruediger, Andreas, E-mail: ruediger@emt.inrs.ca, E-mail: reji.thomas@emt.inrs.ca [Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, INRS, 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1S2 (Canada)

2016-06-15

We report on a simple and fast procedure to create arrays of atomically flat terraces on single crystal SrTiO{sub 3} (111) substrates and the deposition of ferroelectric BiFeO{sub 3} thin films on such single-terminated surfaces. A microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in deionized water and ammonia solution selectively removes either (SrO{sub 3}){sup 4−} or Ti{sup 4+} layers to ensure the same chemical termination on all terraces. Measured step heights of 0.225 nm (d{sub 111}) and uniform contrast in the phase image of the terraces confirm the single termination in pure and Nb doped SrTiO{sub 3} single crystal substrates. Multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} thin films were then deposited by the same microwave assisted hydrothermal process on Nb : SrTiO{sub 3} (111) substrates. Bi(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} and Fe(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} along with KOH served as the precursors solution. Ferroelectric behavior of the BiFeO{sub 3} films on Nb : SrTiO{sub 3} (100) substrates was verified by piezoresponse force microscopy.

Management of somatic symptoms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schröder, Andreas; Dimsdale, Joel

2014-01-01

on the recognition and effective management of patients with excessive and disabling somatic symptoms. The clinical presentation of somatic symptoms is categorized into three groups of patients: those with multiple somatic symptoms, those with health anxiety, and those with conversion disorder. The chapter provides...

Inhomogeneous electronic structures in heavily Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} single crystals probed by low temperature STM/STS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinoda, Go; Nakao, Shoichiro; Motohashi, Teruki; Nakayama, Yuri; Shimizu, Keisuke; Shimoyama, Junichi; Kishio, Koji; Hanaguri, Tetsuo; Kitazawa, Koichi; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

2003-05-15

We have performed cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) of heavily Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} single crystals to investigate local electronic structures in the overdoped regime. The obtained STM/STS results at 4.3 K clearly showed local inhomogeneity of gap structure {delta} ({delta}=20-60 meV) in a scale of several nm, suggesting the coexistence of superconducting and pseudogap-like regions, even in the overdoped regime.

Proton extrusion is an essential signalling component in the HR of epidermal single cells in the barley-powdery mildew interaction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhou, F.S.; Andersen, C.H.; Burhenne, K.

2000-01-01

We propose a model for activation of the epidermal cell hypersensitive response (HR) in the barley/powdery mildew interaction. The model suggests that the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase) of epidermal cells is activated following penetration by an avirulent powdery mildew fungus...... in the incompatible interaction; (4) race-specific proton extrusion is observed underneath epidermal tissue detached from leaves inoculated 15 h earlier; and (5) treatment of leaves with fusicoccin, an activator of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, increases the number of HR-cells in the compatible interaction........ This will cause an acidification of the apoplast towards the mesophyll cells, thereby activating generation of H2O2 from the mesophyll, which subsequently triggers the epidermal cell to undergo HR. The model is supported by the following data: (1) the earliest HR-related H2O2 is found in the attachment zones...

Further evidence for a broader concept of somatization disorder using the somatic symptom index.

Science.gov (United States)

Hiller, W; Rief, W; Fichter, M M

1995-01-01

Somatization syndromes were defined in a sample of 102 psychosomatic inpatients according to the restrictive criteria of DSM-III-R somatization disorder and the broader diagnostic concept of the Somatic Symptom Index (SSI). Both groups showed a qualitatively similar pattern of psychopathological comorbidity and had elevated scores on measures of depression, hypochondriasis, and anxiety. A good discrimination between mild and severe forms of somatization was found by using the SSI criterion. SSI use accounted for a substantial amount of comorbidity variance, with rates of 15%-20% for depression, 16% for hypochondriasis, and 13% for anxiety. The results provide further evidence for the validity of the SSI concept, which reflects the clinical relevance of somatization in addition to the narrow definition of somatization disorder.

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of single-crystalline In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hadia, N.M.A., E-mail: nomery_abass@yahoo.com [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag (Egypt); Mohamed, H.A. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag (Egypt); King Saud University, Teachers College, Science Department (Physics), 11148 Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)

2013-01-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Metal and metal oxide one dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials are of crucial importance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The paper deals with the synthesis of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires without the use of catalysts. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The optical constants and Photoluminescence (PL) of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires were evaluated. - Abstract: Indium oxide In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires have been recently synthesized revealing interesting properties and used in various applications. In order to reduce as much as possible the influence of undesired dopants and/or impurities on the observed properties, In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires have been grown without the use of catalysts, directly from metallic indium by a vapor transport technique and a controlled oxidation with oxygen-argon mixtures. Depending on the growth conditions (temperature, vapor pressure, oxygen concentration, etc.) different results have been achieved and it has been observed that a 'proper' In condensation on the substrates may enhance the nanowires growth. Detailed structural analysis showed that the In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanostructures are single crystalline with a cubic crystal structure. The grown In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires were optically characterized in order to evaluate the absorption coefficient, optical band gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient. Room temperature Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum showed broad and intense blue emission at 375 nm.

Is somatic comorbidity associated with more somatic symptoms, mental distress, or unhealthy lifestyle in elderly cancer survivors?

Science.gov (United States)

Grov, Ellen Karine; Fosså, Sophie D; Dahl, Alv A

2009-06-01

The associations of lifestyle factors, somatic symptoms, mental distress, and somatic comorbidity in elderly cancer survivors have not been well studied. This study examines these associations among elderly cancer survivors (age >or=65 years) in a population-based sample. A cross-sectional comparative study of Norwegian elderly cancer survivors. Combining information from The Norwegian Cancer Registry, and by self-reporting, 972 elderly cancer survivors were identified, of whom 632 (65%) had somatic comorbidity and 340 did not. Elderly cancer survivors with somatic comorbidity had significantly higher BMI, more performed minimal physical activity, had more somatic symptoms, used more medication, and had more frequently seen a medical doctor than survivors without somatic comorbidity. In multivariable analyses, unhealthy lifestyle and higher somatic symptoms scores were significantly associated with cancer cases with somatic comorbidity. In univariate analyses those with somatic comorbidity were significantly older, had lower levels of education, higher proportions of BMI >or= 30, less physical activity, poorer self-rated health, higher somatic symptoms score, more mental distress, had more frequently seen a medical doctor last year, and more frequently used daily medication. Our outcome measures of lifestyle, somatic symptoms and mental distress were all significantly associated with somatic comorbidity in elderly cancer survivors, however only lifestyle and somatic symptoms were significant in multivariable analyses. In elderly cancer survivors not only cancer, but also somatic comorbidity, deserve attention. Such comorbidity is associated with unhealthy lifestyles, more somatic symptoms and mental distress which should be evaluated and eventually treated.

Optical and magneto-optical effects in Hg{sub 1-x}Cd{sub x}Cr{sub 2}Se{sub 4} (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sukhorukov, Yu. P., E-mail: suhorukov@imp.uran.ru; Telegin, A. V.; Bebenin, N. G.; Zainullina, R. I.; Mostovshchikova, E. V.; Viglin, N. A. [Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics (Russian Federation); Gan’shina, E. A.; Zykov, G. S. [Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Fedorov, V. A. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurnakov Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (Russian Federation); Menshchikova, T. K.; Buchkevich, A. A. [Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics (Russian Federation)

2015-09-15

The concentration, temperature, and magnetic-field dependences of the magnetoreflection and magnetotransmission of natural light in the infrared spectral range and the Kerr effect in single crystals of ferromagnetic Hg{sub 1-x}Cd{sub x}Cr{sub 2}Se{sub 4} (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) spinels have been studied. A relationship of the magneto-optical properties to the electronic band structure of spinels has been established. The most significant changes in the spectra of magnetoreflection, magnetotransmission, and the Kerr effect are shown to be observed for 0.1 < x < 0.25 and are attributable to a rearrangement of the band structure as the composition changes.

Unusually high critical current of P-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystalline thin film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurth, Fritz; Engelmann, Jan; Schultz, Ludwig [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); TU Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Tarantini, Chiara; Jaroszynski, Jan [ASC, NHMFL, Florida (United States); Grinenko, Vadim; Reich, Elke; Huehne, Ruben [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Haenisch, Jens [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); ITEP, KIT, Karlsruhe (Germany); Mori, Yasohiro; Sakagami, Akihiro; Kawaguchi, Takahiko; Ikuta, Hiroshi [Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan); Holzapfel, Bernhard [ITEP, KIT, Karlsruhe (Germany); Iida, Kazumasa [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan)

2015-07-01

Microstructurally clean, isovalently P-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystalline thin films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. These films show a superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}) of over 30 K and high transport self-field critical current densities (J{sub c}) of over 6 MA/cm{sup 2} at 4.2 K, which are among the highest for Fe based superconductors. In-field J{sub c} exceeds 0.1 MA/cm{sup 2} at μ{sub 0}H = 35 T for H parallel ab and μ{sub 0}H = 18 T for H parallel c, respectively, in spite of moderate upper critical fields compared to other FeSCs with similar T{sub c}. This unusually high J{sub c} makes P-doped Ba-122 very favorable for high-field magnet applications.

Commonly Employed African Neonatal Skin Care Products Compromise Epidermal Function in Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Man, Mao-Qiang; Sun, Richard; Man, George; Lee, Dale; Hill, Zelee; Elias, Peter M

2016-09-01

Neonatal mortality is much higher in the developing world than in developed countries. Infections are a major cause of neonatal death, particularly in preterm infants, in whom defective epidermal permeability barrier function facilitates transcutaneous pathogen invasion. The objective was to determine whether neonatal skin care products commonly used in Africa benefit or compromise epidermal functions in murine skin. After twice-daily treatment of 6- to 8-week-old hairless mice with each skin care product for 3 days, epidermal permeability barrier function, skin surface pH, stratum corneum hydration, and barrier recovery were measured using a multiprobe adapter system physiology monitor. For products showing some benefits in these initial tests, the epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis was assessed 1 and 5 hours after a single application to acutely disrupted skin. All of the skin care products compromised basal permeability barrier function and barrier repair kinetics. Moreover, after 3 days of treatment, most of the products also reduced stratum corneum hydration while elevating skin surface pH to abnormal levels. Some neonatal skin care products that are widely used in Africa perturb important epidermal functions, including permeability barrier homeostasis in mice. Should these products have similar effects on newborn human skin, they could cause a defective epidermal permeability barrier, which can increase body fluid loss, impair thermoregulation, and contribute to the high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality seen in Africa. Accordingly, alternative products that enhance permeability barrier function should be identified, particularly for use in preterm infants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Epidermal Inclusion Cysts of The Breast

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amir R. Motabar

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Epidermal inclusion cysts are uncommon in the breast, but the consequences can besevere when these cysts occur in the breast parenchyma. Here,we report two suchcases. The patient in case 1 was an 37-year-old woman with a 3-cm palpable mass inthe right breast. Mammography revealed a round and smoothly outlined mass, whichindicated a benign tumor, and sonography showed an irregularly shaped and heterogeneoushypoechoic mass, fibroadenoma was suspected on the basis of clinical andimage findings, but excisional biopsy revealed an epidermal inclusion cyst. The patientin case 2 was a 50-year-old woman with a 2.5-cm lesion in the left breast. Mammographyrevealed a round, dense, smoothly outlined mass, and sonography showeda well-defined, central hyperechoic mass. . Breast cancer was suspected on the basisof the sonographic findings and the age of the patient, but the resected specimen revealedan epidermal inclusion cyst. Although epidermal inclusion cysts are benign,occasionally they may play a role in the origin of squamous carcinoma of the breast. .Mammographic and sonographic features of an epidermal cyst may mimic a malignantlesion. Malignant change appears to occur more frequently in epidermal inclusioncysts in the mammary gland, compared to common epidermal inclusion cysts,and this may be associated with origination of mammary epidermal inclusion cystsfrom squamous metaplasia of the mammary duct epithelium.Epidermmoid inclusion cyst of the breast is potentially serious, although such cystsare rare, and differentiation from a malignant or benign breast tumor is required. Excisionis probably the most appropriate treatment, and can eliminate the possible riskof malignant transformation.

Hierarchical domain structure of lead-free piezoelectric (Na{sub 1/2} Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3}-(K{sub 1/2} Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luo, Chengtao, E-mail: lchentao@vt.edu; Wang, Yaojin; Ge, Wenwei; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight [Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States); Delaire, Olivier [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Li, Xiaobin; Luo, Haosu [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215 Chengbei Road, Jiading, Shanghai 201800 (China)

2016-05-07

We report a unique hierarchical domain structure in single crystals of (Na{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3}-xat. %(K{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3} for x = 5 and 8 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A high density of polar nano-domains with a lamellar morphology was found, which were self-assembled into a quadrant-like configuration, which then assembled into conventional ferroelectric macro-domains. Studies by high resolution TEM revealed that the polar lamellar regions contained a coexistence of in-phase and anti-phase oxygen octahedral tilt regions of a few nanometers in size. Domain frustration over multiple length scales may play an important role in the stabilization of the hierarchy, and in reducing the piezoelectric response of this Pb-free piezoelectric solid solution.

Luminescent, optical and electronic properties of La{sub 3}Ta{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 5.5}O{sub 14} single crystals grown in different atmospheres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spassky, D.A., E-mail: deris2002@mail.ru [National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), Leninsky Prospekt, 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411 (Estonia); Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Brik, M.G. [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411 (Estonia); College of Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065 (China); Institute of Physics, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL-42200 Czestochowa (Poland); Kozlova, N.S.; Kozlova, A.P.; Zabelina, E.V. [National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), Leninsky Prospekt, 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Buzanov, O.A. [Fomos-Materials, Buzheninova 16, Moscow 107023 (Russian Federation); Belsky, A. [Institute of Light and Matter, CNRS, University Lyon1, Villeurbanne 69622 (France)

2016-09-15

Luminescent, optical and electronic properties of La{sub 3}Ta{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 5.5}O{sub 14} single crystals grown in different atmospheres are presented. The absorption bands at 255, 290, 350 and 480 nm were detected; the intensity of bands increases with the concentration of oxygen in the growth atmosphere. It is shown that the shift of the fundamental absorption edge with the temperature obeys Urbach rule. The corresponding fitting allowed to estimate the slope coefficient σ=0.35, which implies self-trapping of excitons in La{sub 3}Ta{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 5.5}O{sub 14}. Calculations of the band structure, partial densities of states and reflectivity spectra were performed. The bandgap of La{sub 3}Ta{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 5.5}O{sub 14} was determined as E{sub g}=5.6 eV. The luminescence properties under UV, VUV and X-ray excitation were studied. Intrinsic emission band at 440–450 nm is attributed to the excitons self-trapped at TaO{sub 6} molecular complexes. Extrinsic emission bands at 410, 440 and 550 nm are attributed to the emission of excitons trapped by antisite defects, F-centers and oxygen deficient oxyanionic complexes.

Epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I upregulate the expression of the epidermal growth factor system in rat liver

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bor, M V; Sørensen, B S; Vinter-Jensen, L

2000-01-01

BACKGROUND/AIM: Both epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I play a role in connection with the liver. In the present study, the possible interaction of these two growth factor systems was studied by investigating the effect of epidermal growth factor or insulin-like growth factor...... I treatment on the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and its activating ligands, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor. METHODS: Fifty-five male rats received no treatment, human recombinant epidermal growth factor or human recombinant insulin-like growth.......8+/-1.6 fmol/mg protein epidermal growth factor and 144+/-22 fmol/mg protein transforming growth factor-alpha. Both epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I treatment increased the expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor, as well...

Two gap superconductivity in Ba{sub 0.55}K{sub 0.45}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystals studied by the directional point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szabo, P.; Pribulova, Z. [Centre of Low Temperature Physics, IEP Slovak Academy of Sciences and P.J.Safarik University, Watsonova 47, SK-04001 Kosice (Slovakia); Pristas, G.; Bud' ko, S.L.; Canfield, P.C. [Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Samuely, P., E-mail: samuely@saske.s [Centre of Low Temperature Physics, IEP Slovak Academy of Sciences and P.J.Safarik University, Watsonova 47, SK-04001 Kosice (Slovakia)

2009-10-15

First directional point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy on the Ba{sub 0.55}K{sub 0.45}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystals is presented. The spectra show significant differences when measured in the ab plane in comparison with those measured in the c direction. In the latter case no traces of superconducting energy gap could be found, just a reduced point-contact conductance persisting up to about 100 K and indicating reduced density of states. On the other hand within the ab plane two nodeless superconducting energy gaps DELTA{sub S}approx2-5 meV and DELTA{sub L}approx9-11 meV are detected.

Growth and spectroscopic properties of Yb{sup 3+}-doped Li{sub 6}Y(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brenier, A. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents, UMR CNRS no 5620, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon1, 10 rue Ampere, 69622 Villeurbanne (France)]. E-mail: brenier@pcml.univ-lyon1.fr; Yoshikawa, A. [Institute of Multidisciplinary for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577 (Japan); Lebbou, K. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents, UMR CNRS no 5620, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon1, 10 rue Ampere, 69622 Villeurbanne (France); Jouini, A. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents, UMR CNRS no 5620, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon1, 10 rue Ampere, 69622 Villeurbanne (France); Institute of Multidisciplinary for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577 (Japan); Aloui-Lebbou, O. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents, UMR CNRS no 5620, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon1, 10 rue Ampere, 69622 Villeurbanne (France); Boulon, G. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents, UMR CNRS no 5620, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon1, 10 rue Ampere, 69622 Villeurbanne (France); Institute of Multidisciplinary for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577 (Japan); Fukuda, T. [Institute of Multidisciplinary for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577 (Japan)

2007-10-15

The spectroscopic properties of high-quality Czochralski grown 20% Yb{sup 3+}-doped Li{sub 6}Y(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} single crystal as new promising laser material are presented. The crystal was seeded-grown in the <0 1 0> direction and its crystallinity was measured using X-ray rocking curve analysis. Low temperature transmission spectrum exhibits broad bands in a short range of wavelengths and two sharp lines at 972.5 and 978 nm, interpreted as two zero-lines of two nonequivalent Yb{sup 3+} centers inside the lattice. The fluorescence lifetimes associated to these two intense lines are different: 0.867 and 1.33 ms. An attempt of determination of the Stark sublevels energies of the {sup 4}F{sub 5/2} and {sup 4}F{sub 7/2} manifolds of the two Yb{sup 3+} nonequivalent ions is given. The polarized absorption and emission spectra were also recorded at room temperature and we conclude that the most favorable emission line for laser application could be around 1042 nm in n {sub g} polarization.

Luminescent and scintillation properties of Bi{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} and Lu{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} single crystalline films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zorenko, Yu., E-mail: zorenko@ukw.edu.pl [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Gorbenko, V.; Zorenko, T. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials (LOM), Department of Electronics of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79017 Lviv (Ukraine); Malinowski, P. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Jary, V.; Kucerkova, R.; Beitlerova, A.; Mares, J.A.; Nikl, M. [Institute of Physics AS CR, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16253 Prague (Czech Republic); Fedorov, A. [Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine, 60 Lenin ave., 61001 Kharkiv (Ukraine)

2014-10-15

In this paper we report our follow-up research on the Bi{sup 3+} luminescence in orthosilicate compounds, focusing on absorption, luminescent and scintillation properties of YSO:Bi and LSO:Bi SCFs with the Bi concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.18 at%. For purpose of this research, single crystalline films (SCF) of Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Bi and Lu{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Bi have been grown by the LPE method onto YSO and LSO substrates from the melt-solution based on Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} flux. - Highlights: • YSO:Bi and LSO:Bi films have been grown by liquid phase epitaxy. • Bi{sup 3+} absorption and luminescence depends on Bi concentration. • Scintillation properties of YSO:Bi and LSO:Bi films have been studied.

Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Löwe, Bernd; Spitzer, Robert L; Williams, Janet B W; Mussell, Monika; Schellberg, Dieter; Kroenke, Kurt

2008-01-01

To determine diagnostic overlap of depression, anxiety and somatization as well as their unique and overlapping contribution to functional impairment. Two thousand ninety-one consecutive primary care clinic patients participated in a multicenter cross-sectional survey in 15 primary care clinics in the United States (participation rate, 92%). Depression, anxiety, somatization and functional impairment were assessed using validated scales from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) (PHQ-8, eight-item depression module; GAD-7, seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; and PHQ-15, 15-item somatic symptom scale) and the Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-20). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate unique and overlapping associations of depression, anxiety and somatization with functional impairment. In over 50% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, anxiety and somatization. The contribution of the commonalities of depression, anxiety and somatization to functional impairment substantially exceeded the contribution of their independent parts. Nevertheless, depression, anxiety and somatization did have important and individual effects (i.e., separate from their overlap effect) on certain areas of functional impairment. Given the large syndrome overlap, a potential consideration for future diagnostic classification would be to describe basic diagnostic criteria for a single overarching disorder and to optionally code additional diagnostic features that allow a more detailed classification into specific depressive, anxiety and somatoform subtypes.

Luminescence investigation of Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} codoped single LiYF{sub 4} microparticle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Wei; Zheng, Hairong, E-mail: hrzheng@snnu.edu.cn; He, Enjie; Lu, Ying; Gao, Fangqi

2014-08-01

Tetragonal phase LiYF{sub 4}:Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} microparticles are synthesized via facile hydrothermal method. Single LiYF{sub 4} microparticle is excited with IR laser at 980 nm in a confocal setup, and strong green and weak red emissions are observed. It is found that single LiYF{sub 4}:Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} microparticle with sub-structure presents stronger upconversion luminescence emission and smaller intensity ratio of red to green emission than that from LiYF{sub 4}:Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} microparticle with no sub-structure. The possible mechanism, the influence of particle size and the existence of EDTA on the upconversion luminescence emission are investigated. The current study suggests that the luminescence observation with single micropaticle can effectively avoid the influence of environment and neighbor particles, which is important for investigating the luminescence properties of micro- or nano-crystals and for extending their application. - Highlights: • Single LiYF{sub 4} microparticle is excited with IR laser at 980 nm in a confocal setup, and strong green and weak red emissions are observed. • Single LiYF{sub 4} microparticle with different morphology exhibits different fluorescence emission intensity and intensity ratio of red to green emission. • The possible mechanism, the influence of particle size and the existence of EDTA on the upconversion emission are investigated.

Impact of somatic PI3K pathway and ERBB family mutations on pathological complete response (pCR) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapies.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Toomey, Sinead

2017-07-27

The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis revealed that somatic EGFR, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2), Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ERBB3) and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) gene mutations (ERBB family mutations) occur alone or co-occur with somatic mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) in 19% of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers. Because ERBB family mutations can activate the PI3K\\/AKT pathway and likely have similar canonical signalling effects to PI3K pathway mutations, we investigated their combined impact on response to neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapies.

Surface texture of single-crystal silicon oxidized under a thin V{sub 2}O{sub 5} layer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikitin, S. E., E-mail: nikitin@mail.ioffe.ru; Verbitskiy, V. N.; Nashchekin, A. V.; Trapeznikova, I. N.; Bobyl, A. V.; Terukova, E. E. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical–Technical Institute (Russian Federation)

2017-01-15

The process of surface texturing of single-crystal silicon oxidized under a V{sub 2}O{sub 5} layer is studied. Intense silicon oxidation at the Si–V{sub 2}O{sub 5} interface begins at a temperature of 903 K which is 200 K below than upon silicon thermal oxidation in an oxygen atmosphere. A silicon dioxide layer 30–50 nm thick with SiO{sub 2} inclusions in silicon depth up to 400 nm is formed at the V{sub 2}O{sub 5}–Si interface. The diffusion coefficient of atomic oxygen through the silicon-dioxide layer at 903 K is determined (D ≥ 2 × 10{sup –15} cm{sup 2} s{sup –1}). A model of low-temperature silicon oxidation, based on atomic oxygen diffusion from V{sub 2}O{sub 5} through the SiO{sub 2} layer to silicon, and SiO{sub x} precipitate formation in silicon is proposed. After removing the V{sub 2}O{sub 5} and silicon-dioxide layers, texture is formed on the silicon surface, which intensely scatters light in the wavelength range of 300–550 nm and is important in the texturing of the front and rear surfaces of solar cells.

Single-layer and double-layer microwave absorbers based on Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Min [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Wang, Zhongzhu, E-mail: wangzz@ahu.edu.cn [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Wang, Peihong; Liao, Yanlin [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Bi, Hong [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China)

2017-03-01

Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The complex permeability and complex permittivity of the as-prepared powders dispersing in wax (60 wt% powder) were measured using a vector network analyzer in 2–18 GHz frequency range. The calculated microwave absorption of single-layer and double-layer absorbers based on Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals were analyzed in 2–18 GHz frequency range. The results show that the Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}nanocrystals with the relatively low permittivity and Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres with the relatively high dielectric loss and magnetic loss can be used as proper matching layer and excellent absorption layer, respectively. The double-layer absorber with a coating thickness of 2.1 mm exhibits a maximum reflection loss of −43.8 dB as well as a bandwidth (reflection loss less than −10 dB) of 5 GHz. Moreover, their absorption peak and the absorption intensity can be adjusted easily through changing the stacking order and each layer thickness. - Highlights: • Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystals can use as matching layer in double-layer absorbers. • Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres with high dielectric loss can use as absorption layer. • Double-layer absorbers exhibits an excellent microwave absorption in 2–18 GHz.

Cutaneous somatic and autonomic nerve TDP-43 deposition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Yuting; Liu, Wenxiu; Li, Yifan; Sun, Bo; Li, Yanran; Yang, Fei; Wang, Hongfen; Li, Mao; Cui, Fang; Huang, Xusheng

2018-05-26

To evaluate the involvement of the sensory and autonomic nervous system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to determine whether TDP-43/pTDP-43 deposits in skin nerve fibers signify a valuable biomarker for ALS. Eighteen patients with ALS and 18 age- and sex-matched control subjects underwent physical examinations, in addition to donating skin biopsies from the distal leg. The density of epidermal, Meissner's corpuscle (MC), sudomotor, and pilomotor nerve fibers were measured. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the cutaneous somatic and autonomic nerve fiber density and TDP-43/pTDP-43 deposition. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was reduced in individuals with ALS (P nerve fiber density (SGNFD) (P nerve fiber density (PNFD) (P nerve fibers may indicate an important role in the underlying pathogenesis of ALS. This observation might be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosing ALS.

Universal behavior of magnetocaloric effect in a layered perovskite La{sub 1.2}Sr{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thanh, Tran Dang, E-mail: thanhxraylab@yahoo.com [Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Manh, T.V.; Ho, T.A. [Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763 (Korea, Republic of); Telegin, Andrey [Department of Magnetic Semiconductors, Institute of Metal Physics, RAS (Russian Federation); Phan, T.L. [Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791 (Korea, Republic of); Yu, S.C., E-mail: scyu@chungbuk.ac.kr [Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763 (Korea, Republic of)

2016-04-01

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis on temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetic entropy change (ΔS{sub m}) near the ferromagnetic (FM)–paramagnetic (PM) phase transition of a La{sub 1.2}Sr{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} single crystal. Experimental results reveal the material exhibiting a FM–PM phase transition at T{sub C}=85 K, and belongs to a second-order phase transition (SOPT). Around T{sub C}, −ΔS{sub m} reaches the maximum value (|ΔS{sub max}|), which increases with increasing an applied magnetic field change, ΔH. The |ΔS{sub max}| values found are about 0.93, 1.73, 2.38, 2.91, and 3.33 J kg{sup −1} K{sup −1} for ΔH=10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kOe, respectively. However, the peak position of the −ΔS{sub m}(T) curves is effectively shifted to higher temperatures when ΔH increases. Additionally, the ΔS{sub m}(T) curves measured at different ΔH values do not collapse into a universal curve when they are normalized to their respective ΔS{sub max} value, and Prod. Type: rescaled the temperature axis with θ{sub 1}=(T−T{sub C})/(T{sub r}−T{sub C}) for a reference temperature T{sub r}>T{sub C} or T{sub r}sub C}. Nevertheless, they can be collapsed into a unique curve in the whole temperature range if using two separated reference temperatures, T{sub r1} and T{sub r2}, with θ{sub 2}=−(T−T{sub C})/(T{sub r1}−T{sub C}) for T≤T{sub C} and θ{sub 2}=(T−T{sub C})/(T{sub r2}−T{sub C}) for T>T{sub C}.

Single-cell-type quantitative proteomic and ionomic analysis of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte model plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to identify salt-responsive proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, Bronwyn J; Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Raymond, Carolyn

2016-05-10

Epidermal bladder cells (EBC) are large single-celled, specialized, and modified trichomes found on the aerial parts of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Recent development of a simple but high throughput technique to extract the contents from these cells has provided an opportunity to conduct detailed single-cell-type analyses of their molecular characteristics at high resolution to gain insight into the role of these cells in the salt tolerance of the plant. In this study, we carry out large-scale complementary quantitative proteomic studies using both a label (DIGE) and label-free (GeLC-MS) approach to identify salt-responsive proteins in the EBC extract. Additionally we perform an ionomics analysis (ICP-MS) to follow changes in the amounts of 27 different elements. Using these methods, we were able to identify 54 proteins and nine elements that showed statistically significant changes in the EBC from salt-treated plants. GO enrichment analysis identified a large number of transport proteins but also proteins involved in photosynthesis, primary metabolism and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Validation of results by western blot, confocal microscopy and enzyme analysis helped to strengthen findings and further our understanding into the role of these specialized cells. As expected EBC accumulated large quantities of sodium, however, the most abundant element was chloride suggesting the sequestration of this ion into the EBC vacuole is just as important for salt tolerance. This single-cell type omics approach shows that epidermal bladder cells of M. crystallinum are metabolically active modified trichomes, with primary metabolism supporting cell growth, ion accumulation, compatible solute synthesis and CAM. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004045.

Evidence for the quasi-two dimensional behavior of the vortex structure in Bi[sub 2]Sr[sub 2]CaCu[sub 2]O[sub 8] single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pastoriza, H [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Centro Atomico Bariloche (Argentina); Arribere, A [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Centro Atomico Bariloche (Argentina); Goffman, M F [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Centro Atomico Bariloche (Argentina); Cruz, F de la [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Centro Atomico Bariloche (Argentina); Mitzi, D B [Dept. of Applied Physics, Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Kapitulnik, A [Dept. of Applied Physics, Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

1994-02-01

AC susceptibility and dc magnetization measurements on Bi[sub 2]Sr[sub 2]CaCu[sub 2]O[sub 8] (BSCCO) single crystals in a wide range of temperatures clearly show that below the dc irreversibility line the vortex system loss the long range order in the c direction. The susceptibility data taken at 7 Hz show the different nature of two dissipation peaks: One related to the interplane currents at temperatures well below the dc irreversibility line and the other associated with the intraplane ones at temperatures above that line. In this sense the irreversibility line corresponds to the temperature where quasi-two dimensional vortices are depinned. (orig.)

Luminescence and scintillation timing characteristics of (Lu{sub x}Gd{sub 2−x})SiO{sub 5}:Ce single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yawai, Nattasuda; Chewpraditkul, Warut; Sakthong, Ongsa [Faculty of Science, King Mongkut' s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok10140 (Thailand); Chewpraditkul, Weerapong, E-mail: weerapong.che@kmutt.ac.th [Faculty of Science, King Mongkut' s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok10140 (Thailand); Wantong, Kriangkrai [Faculty of Science, King Mongkut' s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok10140 (Thailand); Szczesniak, Tomasz; Swiderski, Lukasz; Moszynski, Marek [National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, PL 05-400 Otwock-Swierk (Poland); Sidletskiy, Oleg [Institute for Scintillation Materials NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv (Ukraine)

2017-02-01

The luminescence and scintillation characteristics of cerium-doped lutetium-gadolinium orthosilicate (Lu{sub x}Gd{sub 2−x}SiO{sub 5}:Ce; x=0, 0.8, 1.8) single crystals were investigated. At 662 keV γ-rays, the light yield of 29,800±3000 ph MeV{sup −1} obtained for Lu{sub 1.8}Gd{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce is higher than that of 20,200±2000 and 11,800±1200 ph MeV{sup −1} obtained for Lu{sub 0.8}Gd{sub 1.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce and Gd{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce, respectively. The fast component decay time of 32, 18 and 17 ns was measured in the scintillation decay of Gd{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce, Lu{sub 0.8}Gd{sub 1.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce and Lu{sub 1.8}Gd{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce, respectively. The coincidence time spectra for 511 keV annihilation quanta were measured in reference to a fast BaF{sub 2} detector and time resolution was discussed in terms of a number of photoelectrons and decay time of the fast component. The mass attenuation coefficient for studied crystals at 60 and 662 keV γ-rays was also evaluated and discussed. - Highlights: • Scintillation timing characteristics of Lu{sub x}Gd{sub 2−x}SiO{sub 5}:Ce crystals are studied. • Lu{sub 1.8}Gd{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce exhibits excellent light yield and timing response. • Energy resolution of 6% @662 keV is obtained for Lu{sub 0.8}Gd{sub 1.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce. • Coincidence time resolution of 368 ps is obtained for Lu{sub 1.8}Gd{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce.

Evidence for collective {delta}T{sub c} pinning in superconducting (K, Ba)BiO{sub 3} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harneit, W [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 38 -Grenoble (France). Lab. d` Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides; Klein, T [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 38 - Grenoble (France). Lab. d` Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides; Baril, L [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 38 - Grenoble (France). Lab. d` Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides; Escribe-Filippini, C [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 38 - Grenoble (France). Lab. d` Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides

1996-10-10

The nature of pinning has been investigated in the three-dimensional high-T{sub c} superconductor (K, Ba)BiO{sub 3}. We show that the magnetic-field dependence of the critical current deduced from pulsed-field magnetization measurements can be well described by the collective-pinning theory on a large temperature range 0.06sub c}<0.62. This permits us to construct a nonequilibrium H-T phase diagram including both the single-vortex and vortex bundle regimes. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the collective-pinning length L{sub c} is in excellent agreement with a model of flux pinning induced by spatial fluctuations of the critical temperature ({delta}T{sub c} pinning model). (orig.).

Specific heat of ceramic and single crystal MgB{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Junod, A.; Wang, Y.; Bouquet, F.; Sheikin, I.; Toulemonde, P.; Eskildsen, M.R.; Eisterer, M.; Weber, H.W.; Lee, S.; Tajima, S

2003-05-15

The two-gap structure of MgB{sub 2} gives rise to unusual thermodynamic properties which depart markedly from the single-gap BCS model, both in their temperature- and field-dependence. We report measurements of the specific heat up to 16 T on ceramic and single crystal samples, which demonstrate these effects in bulk. The low-temperature mixed-state specific heat reveals a field-dependent anisotropy, and points to the existence of unusually large vortices, in agreement with local density-of-states measurements by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. It is finally shown that a suitable irradiation process nearly doubles H{sub c2} in the bulk.

Synthesis, single-crystal structure refinement and Fe/T site preference in the ternary borides Fe {sub x}T{sub 7-x}B{sub 3} (T = Ru, Rh; 0 < x {<=} 1.5)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fokwa, Boniface P.T. [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen (Germany); Dronskowski, Richard [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen (Germany)]. E-mail: drons@HAL9000.ac.rwth-aachen.de

2007-01-31

Single crystals of the borides Fe {sub x}Rh{sub 7-x}B{sub 3} (1 < x < 1.5) and Fe {sub x}Ru{sub 7-x}B{sub 3} (0 < x < 1) have been synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under argon atmosphere. The silver-like products, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, adopt the hexagonal Th{sub 7}Fe{sub 3} structure type (space group P6{sub 3} mc, no. 186) with Z = 2. Their structures consist of layers of boron-centered trigonal prisms of rhodium or ruthenium (Rh;Ru) and iron on the one side, and one-dimensional channels of face-sharing octahedral (Rh;Ru){sub 6} clusters on the other. Unlike in FeRh{sub 6}B{sub 3}, the iron substitution takes place at two (6c and 2b) of the three available rhodium/ruthenium positions, with a preference for the 6c site in the case of the Fe {sub x}Rh{sub 7-x}B{sub 3} compounds but not for Fe {sub x}Ru{sub 7-x}B{sub 3}.

Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} hydrothermally-grown single-crystal and ceramic absorption spectra obtained between 298 and 80 K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moore, Cheryl A. [Snake Creek Lasers LLC, 26741 State Route 267, Friendsville, PA 18818 (United States); Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States); Brown, David C., E-mail: dbrown@snakecreeklasers.com [Snake Creek Lasers LLC, 26741 State Route 267, Friendsville, PA 18818 (United States); Sanjeewa, Liurukara D.; McMillen, Colin D.; Kolis, Joseph W. [Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States)

2016-06-15

The hydrothermal growth, doping, and low temperature spectral characterization of Yb doped Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} was investigated. The absorption of the lutetia-based sesquioxide laser material Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} at temperatures of 80, 150, 200, 250, and 298 K, in the wavelength range of 850–1100 nm are reported. Data for both single crystal and ceramic Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} were obtained. The resulting absorption cross-section data will enable the further evaluation of Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a very promising high power cryogenic laser material.

Late-Onset Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes Caused by Somatic NLRP3 Mosaicism—UK Single Center Experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dorota M. Rowczenio

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS is caused by gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations. Recently, somatic NLRP3 mosaicism has been reported in some CAPS patients who were previously classified as “mutation-negative.” We describe here the clinical and laboratory findings in eight British adult patients who presented with symptoms typical of CAPS other than an onset in mid-late adulthood. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigations, including analysis of the NLRP3 gene using Sanger and amplicon-based deep sequencing (ADS along with measurements of extracellular apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with CARD domain (ASC aggregates. The clinical phenotype in all subjects was consistent with mid-spectrum CAPS, except a median age at disease onset of 50 years. Sanger sequencing of NLRP3 was non-diagnostic but ADS detected a somatic NLRP3 mutation in each case. In one patient, DNA isolated from blood demonstrated an increase in the mutant allele from 5 to 45% over 12 years. ASC aggregates in patients’ serum measured during active disease were significantly higher than healthy controls. This series represents 8% of CAPS patients diagnosed in a single center, suggesting that acquired NLRP3 mutations may not be an uncommon cause of the syndrome and should be sought in all patients with late-onset symptoms otherwise compatible with CAPS. Steadily worsening CAPS symptoms in one patient were associated with clonal expansion of the mutant allele predominantly affecting myeloid cells. Two patients developed AA amyloidosis, which previously has only been reported in CAPS in association with life-long germline NLRP3 mutations.

Pulse shape discrimination properties of Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce,B single crystal in comparison with CsI:Tl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rawat, S. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667 (India); Tyagi, Mohit [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Netrakanti, P.K.; Kashyap, V.K.S.; Mitra, A. [Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Singh, A.K.; Desai, D.G. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Kumar, G. Anil [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667 (India); Gadkari, S.C. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India)

2016-12-21

Single crystals of Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce,B and CsI:Tl were grown by Czochralski and Bridgman techniques, respectively. While both the crystals exhibited similar emission at about 550 nm, their scintillation decay times showed significantly different characteristics. The average scintillation decay time of Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce,B crystal was found to be about 284 ns for alpha excitation compared to 108 ns measured for a gamma source. On the other hand in CsI:Tl crystals, the alpha excitation resulted in a lower average decay time of 600 ns compared to 1200 ns with gamma excitation. Their pulse shape discrimination (PSD) for gamma and alpha radiations were studied by coupling the scintillators with photomultiplier tube or SiPM and employing an advanced digitizer as well as a conventional zero-crossing setup. In spite of having a poor α/γ light yield ratio, the PSD figure of merit and the difference of zero-crossing time in Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Ce,B crystals were found to be superior in comparison to CsI:Tl crystals.

An epidermal equivalent assay for identification and ranking potency of contact sensitizers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gibbs, S.; Corsini, E.; Spiekstra, S.W.; Galbiati, V.; Fuchs, H.W.; Degeorge, G.; Troese, M.; Hayden, P.; Deng, W.; Roggen, E.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of combining the epidermal equivalent (EE) potency assay with the assay which assesses release of interleukin-18 (IL-18) to provide a single test for identification and classification of skin sensitizing chemicals, including chemicals of low

Lattice instability and soft phonons in single-crystal La/sub 2-//sub x/Sr/sub x/CuO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boeni, P.; Axe, J.D.; Shirane, G.

1988-01-01

The dispersion of the low-lying phonon branches of several doped and undoped single crystals of La/sub 2-//sub x/Sr/sub x/CuO 4 have been investigated by using inelastic-neutron-scattering techniques. The zone-center modes are in good agreement with Raman measurements. The reported peaks in the phonon density of states show up at energies that correspond to extrema in the dispersion curves of the transverse and longitudinal acoustic branches near the zone boundary. The tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition is caused by a softening of transverse-optic-phonon mode at the X point. The rotational nature of the soft mode leads to moderate weak electron-phonon coupling and the mode is unlikely to enhance significantly conventional phonon mediated superconductivity. We did not observe any evidence for the predicted breathing-mode instability near the zone boundary

Hypochondriasis and somatization.

Science.gov (United States)

Kellner, R

1987-11-20

Between 60% and 80% of healthy individuals experience somatic symptoms in any one week. About 10% to 20% of a random sample of people worry intermittently about illness. A substantial proportion of patients present physicians with somatic complaints for which no organic cause can be found. Patients who are hypochondriacal do not understand the benign nature of functional somatic symptoms and interpret these as evidence of disease. Hypochondriacal concerns range from common short-lived worries to persistent and distressing fears or convictions of having a disease. Hypochondriasis can be secondary to other psychiatric disorders (eg, melancholia or panic disorder), and hypochondriacal attitudes remit when the primary disorder is successfully treated. Patients with primary hypochondriasis are also anxious or depressed, but the fear of disease, or the false belief of having a disease, persists and is the most important feature of their psychopathology. There are substantial differences among hypochondriacal patients in their personalities and psychopathologies. Psychotherapy as well as psychotropic drugs are effective in the treatment of functional somatic symptoms. There are no adequate controlled studies on the value of psychotherapy in hypochondriasis; the recommended guidelines are based on uncontrolled studies of hypochondriasis and on controlled studies of the psychotherapy in similar disorders. The prognosis of functional somatic symptoms as well as that of hypochondriasis is good in a substantial proportion of patients.

A hierarchical nanostructure consisting of amorphous MnO{sub 2}, Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystallites, and single-crystalline MnOOH nanowires for supercapacitors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Chi-Chang; Hung, Ching-Yun [Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013 (China); Chang, Kuo-Hsin [Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013 (China); Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621 (China); Yang, Yi-Lin [Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621 (China)

2011-01-15

In this communication, a porous hierarchical nanostructure consisting of amorphous MnO{sub 2} (a-MnO{sub 2}), Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals, and single-crystalline MnOOH nanowires is designed for the supercapacitor application, which is prepared by a simple two-step electrochemical deposition process. Because of the gradual co-transformation of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals and a-MnO{sub 2} nanorods into an amorphous manganese oxide, the cycle stability of a-MnO{sub 2} is obviously enhanced by adding Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}. This unique ternary oxide nanocomposite with 100-cycle CV activation exhibits excellent capacitive performances, i.e., excellent reversibility, high specific capacitances (470 F g{sup -1} in CaCl{sub 2}), high power property, and outstanding cycle stability. The highly porous microstructures of this composite before and after the 10,000-cycle CV test are examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (author)

Oral mucosa: an alternative epidermic cell source to develop autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes from diabetic subjects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela GUZMÁN-URIBE

Full Text Available Abstract Oral mucosa has been highlighted as a suitable source of epidermal cells due to its intrinsic characteristics such as its higher proliferation rate and its obtainability. Diabetic ulcers have a worldwide prevalence that is variable (1%-11%, meanwhile treatment of this has been proven ineffective. Tissue-engineered skin plays an important role in wound care focusing on strategies such autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes. Objective The aim of this study was to obtain autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes from oral mucosa from diabetic subjects as a first step towards a possible clinical application for cases of diabetic foot. Material and Methods Oral mucosa was obtained from diabetic and healthy subjects (n=20 per group. Epidermal cells were isolated and cultured using autologous fibrin to develop dermal-epidermal in vitro substitutes by the air-liquid technique with autologous human serum as a supplement media. Substitutes were immunocharacterized with collagen IV and cytokeratin 5-14 as specific markers. A Student´s t- test was performed to assess the differences between both groups. Results It was possible to isolate epidermal cells from the oral mucosa of diabetic and healthy subjects and develop autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes using autologous serum as a supplement. Differences in the expression of specific markers were observed and the cytokeratin 5-14 expression was lower in the diabetic substitutes, and the collagen IV expression was higher in the diabetic substitutes when compared with the healthy group, showing a significant difference. Conclusion Cells from oral mucosa could be an alternative and less invasive source for skin substitutes and wound healing. A difference in collagen production of diabetic cells suggests diabetic substitutes could improve diabetic wound healing. More research is needed to determine the crosstalk between components of these skin substitutes and damaged tissues.

Thermodynamic and transport properties of single crystalline RCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm–Tm)

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Kong, Tai, E-mail: taikong@iastate.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Cunningham, Charles E. [Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112 (United States); Taufour, Valentin [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Bud' ko, Sergey L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Buffon, Malinda L.C. [Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Lin, Xiao [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Emmons, Heather [Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112 (United States); Canfield, Paul C., E-mail: canfield@ameslab.gov [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States)

2014-05-01

Single crystals of RCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm–Tm) were grown using a self-flux method and were characterized by room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction; anisotropic, temperature and field dependent magnetization; temperature and field dependent, in-plane resistivity; and specific heat measurements. In this series, the majority of the moment-bearing members order antiferromagnetically; YCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} and LaCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} are non-moment-bearing. Ce is trivalent in CeCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} at high temperatures, and exhibits an enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient due to the Kondo effect at low temperatures. In addition, CeCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} shows two low-temperature anomalies in temperature-dependent magnetization and specific heat measurements. Three members (R=Tb–Ho) have multiple phase transitions above 1.8 K. Eu appears to be divalent with total angular momentum L=0. Both EuCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} and GdCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} manifest essentially isotropic paramagnetic properties consistent with J=S=7/2. Clear magnetic anisotropy for rare-earth members with finite L was observed, with ErCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} and TmCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} manifesting planar anisotropy and the rest members manifesting axial anisotropy. The experimentally estimated crystal electric field (CEF) parameters B{sub 2}{sup 0} were calculated from the anisotropic paramagnetic θ{sub ab} and θ{sub c} values and follow a trend that agrees well with theoretical predictions. The ordering temperatures, T{sub N}, as well as the polycrystalline averaged paramagnetic Curie–Weiss temperature, Θ{sub avg}, for the heavy rare-earth members deviate from the de Gennes scaling, as the magnitude of both is the highest for Tb, which is sometimes seen for extremely axial systems. Except for SmCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, metamagnetic transitions were observed at 1.8 K for all members that ordered antiferromagnetically. - Highlights: • Single crystalline RCo{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm�

The spectroscopy investigation of ZnWO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+} single crystal

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Yang Fugui, E-mail: ruopiao@fjirsm.ac.cn [Department of Electronic Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 (China); Tu Chaoyang [Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)

2012-09-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The spectroscopy and refractive index of single crystal ZnWO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+} are investigated systematically. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Judd-Ofelt parameters are obtained. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The gain cross sections at {approx}2 {mu}m are estimated by reciprocity method (RM). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The laser operation at {approx}2 {mu}m is discussed. - Abstract: The single crystal ZnWO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+} has been grown by Czochralski method. The XRD, refractive index, absorption and fluorescence spectra are measured. The Judd-Ofelt parameters{Omega}{sub 2}, {Omega}{sub 4}, {Omega}{sub 6} are obtained to be 6.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -20}, 1.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -20}, 1.4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -20} cm{sup 2}, respectively. The fluorescence decay time of the {sup 3}H{sub 4} level is measured to be 0.113 ms and the quantum efficiency is 57%. The gain cross sections corresponding to {sup 3}F{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 6} transition at {approx}2 {mu}m are estimated by the reciprocity method (RM). The strong gain at {approx}2 {mu}m indicates that the ZnWO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+} crystal is a promising laser host for {approx}2 {mu}m laser.

Single-step synthesis of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires decorated with TeO{sub 2} nanobeads and their acetone-sensing properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Sunghoon; Kheel, Hyejoon; Sun, Gun-Joo; Lee, Chongmu [Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon (Korea, Republic of); Park, Sang Eon [Inha University, Department of Chemistry, Incheon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-04-15

In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires decorated with TeO{sub 2} nanobeads were synthesized by a facile single-step thermal evaporation process, and their acetone-gas-sensing properties were examined. The diameters and lengths of the In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires ranged from 10 to 20 nm and up to 100 μm, respectively, whereas the diameters of the TeO{sub 2} beads ranged from 50 to 200 nm. The TeO{sub 2}-decorated In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowire sensor showed stronger response to acetone gas than the pristine In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowire sensor. The pristine and TeO{sub 2}-decorated In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowires exhibited sensitivity of ∝10.13 and ∝24.87, respectively, to 200 ppm acetone at 300 C. The decorated nanowire sensor also showed much more rapid response and recovery than the latter. Both sensors showed the strongest response to acetone gas at 300 C, respectively. The mechanism and origin of the enhanced acetone-gas-sensing performance of the TeO{sub 2}-decorated In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowire sensor compared to the pristine In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowire sensor were discussed in detail. The enhanced sensing performance of the TeO{sub 2}-decorated In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanowire is mainly due to the modulation of the potential barrier height at the TeO{sub 2}-In{sub 2}O{sub 3} interface, high catalytic activity of TeO{sub 2,} and creation of active adsorption sites by incorporation of TeO{sub 2}. (orig.)

EFFECT OF SEVERITY OF SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS ON SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND LACTOSE CONTENTS OF BUFFALO MILK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. SHARIF, T. AHMAD, M. Q. BILAL1, A. YOUSAF AND G. MUHAMMAD

2007-07-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to determine the effect of severity of sub-clinical mastitis on somatic cell count (SCC and lactose contents of milk in 100 apparently healthy dairy buffaloes. Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT was used to determine the severity of sub-clinical mastitis which was graded as Negative (N, Traces (T, mild clumping (P1, moderate clumping (P2 and heavy clumping (P3. Mean milk SCC (x 105 at SFMT scores N, T, P1, P2 and P3 were 2.06 + 1.09, 3.73 + 0.96, 9.69 + 4.05, 31.97 + 10.26 and 121.01 + 23.71 per ml, respectively. Using the same scoring, mean values of milk lactose were 5.10 + 0.09, 4.81 + 0.10, 4.66 + 0.08, 3.92 + 0.05 and 2.66 + 0.37 percent, respectively. Percent increases of mean SCC in T, P1, P2 and P3 groups with respect to N (control were 81.47, 370.51, 1451.71 and 5773.41, respectively. Percent decreases of mean lactose in T, P1, P2 and P3 groups with respect to N (control were 5.54, 8.52, 22.98 and 47.81, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated non-significant difference of mean SCC in N and T groups, while there was highly significant (P<0.01 difference in mean SCC among P1, P2 and P3 groups and also with respect to N. Similarly, there was a significant (P<0.05 difference of mean lactose among T, P1, P2 and P3 groups and also with respect to control/ negative group.

Structural phase transitions in Bi[sub 2]V[sub 1[minus]x]Ge[sub x]O[sub 5. 5[minus]x/2] (x = 0. 2, 0. 4, and 0. 6) single crystals: X-ray crystallographic study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sooryanarayana, K.; Guru Row, T.N.; Varma, K.B.R. (Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India))

1999-02-01

Single crystals of Bi[sub 2]V[sub 1[minus]x]Ge[sub x]O[sub 5.5[minus]x/2] (x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) were grown by slow cooling of melts. Bismuth vanadate transforms from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal structure and subsequently to an orthorhombic system when the Ge[sup 4+] concentration was varied from x = 0.2 to x = 0.6. All of these compositions crystallized in polar space groups (Aba2, F4mm, and Fmm2 for x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). The structures were fully determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Organized single-molecule magnets: direct observation of new Mn{sub 12} derivatives on gold

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cornia, A.; Fabretti, A.C.; Pacchioni, M.; Zobbi, L. E-mail: lzobbi@unimo.it; Bonacchi, D.; Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Biagi, R.; Del Pennino, U.; De Renzi, V.; Gurevich, L.; Zant, H.S.J. van der

2004-05-01

Gold adsorbates of the dodecamanganese(III,IV) single-molecule magnet (SMM) [Mn{sub 12}O{sub 12}(L){sub 16}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}] where L=16-(acetylthio)hexadecanoate have been prepared and investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The successful imaging of Mn{sub 12} molecules by STM represents a first step toward the magnetic addressing of individual SMMs and the development of molecule-based devices for magnetic information storage.

Immunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor receptor in radiation-induced lung tumors in Beagle dogs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gillett, N A; Haley, P J; Hahn, F F

1988-12-01

Increased levels of epidermal growth factor receptor have been reported in a variety of tumors, including pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas in man. The purpose of this study was to determine if increased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) were present in lung tumors from Beagle dogs that had been exposed to {sup 239}PuO{sub 2}- Using immunohistochemical techniques, sections from 17 lung tumors were examined for the presence of EGFR. Seven of the tumors were strongly positive for EGFR; the remainder of the tumors and the normal lung sections were negative. The positive immunostaining could not be correlated with the histologic phenotype of the tumors. Work is in progress to determine the level of EGFR in preneoplastic, proliferative epithelial foci in the Iung. (author)

Development of electrolyte-supported intermediate-temperature single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells using Ln{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (Ln = Pr, La, Gd) cathodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz de Larramendi, I.; Ruiz de Larramendi, J.I.; Rojo, T. [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Apdo.644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Lamas, D.G.; Cabezas, M.D.; Walsoee de Reca, N.E. [CINSO, CONICET-CITEFA, J.B. de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, Pcia. de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2009-09-05

Iron-cobalt-based perovskite oxides with general formula Ln{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (where Ln = La, Pr and Gd) have been investigated for their application as intermediate-temperature cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Powdered samples of these materials were synthesized by a novel gel combustion process and then characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XPD patterns were satisfactorily indexed with an orthorhombic GdFeO{sub 3}-type structure and, for all samples, a mean particle size of less than 1 {mu}m was estimated from the SEM data. Experimental single-chamber SOFCs using with these materials as cathodes and NiO-SDC (samaria-doped ceria) and SDC as anode and electrolyte, respectively, were evaluated at 600 C in a methane/oxygen mixtures. Peak power densities of 65.4, 48.7 and 46.2 mW cm{sup -2} were obtained for Ag vertical stroke Ln{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} vertical stroke SDC vertical stroke NiO-SDC vertical stroke Pt cells with Ln = Pr, La and Gd, respectively. The relatively high power density obtained for the Pr compound shows that it could be an interesting material for cathode of single-chamber SOFCs. (author)

Effects of junction resistance and counterelectrode material on point-contact tunneling into single- and polycrystalline YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moog, E.R.; Hawley, M.E.; Gray, K.E.; Liu, J.Z.; Hinks, D.G.; Capone, D.W. II; Downey, J.

1988-06-01

The effects of junction resistance and counterelectrode material on the results of point-contact tunneling studies into single- and polycrystalline YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/ are illustrated. Although reasonably symmetric I(V) curves predominantly indicate energy gap values /Delta/ /approx/ 20 meV, large asymmetries are often found for high-resistance junctions. Very low-resistance junctions show the expected behavior of pure metallic bridge and indicate /Delta/ /approx/ 25-30 meV.

The DP-1 transcription factor is required for keratinocyte growth and epidermal stratification.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Wing Y; Bryce, Dawn M; D'Souza, Sudhir J A; Dagnino, Lina

2004-12-03

The epidermis is a stratified epithelium constantly replenished through the ability of keratinocytes in its basal layer to proliferate and self-renew. The epidermis arises from a single-cell layer ectoderm during embryogenesis. Large proliferative capacity is central to ectodermal cell and basal keratinocyte function. DP-1, a heterodimeric partner of E2F transcription factors, is highly expressed in the ectoderm and all epidermal layers during embryogenesis. To investigate the role of DP-1 in epidermal morphogenesis, we inhibited DP-1 activity through exogenous expression of a dominant-negative mutant (dnDP-1). Expression of the dnDP-1 mutant interferes with binding of E2F/DP-1 heterodimers to DNA and inhibits DNA replication, as well as cyclin A mRNA and protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the cyclin A promoter is predominantly bound in proliferating keratinocytes by complexes containing E2F-3 and E2F-4. Thus, the mechanisms of decreased expression of cyclin A in the presence of dnDP-1 seem to involve inactivation of DP-1 complexes containing E2F-3 and E2F-4. To assess the consequences on epidermal morphogenesis of inhibiting DP-1 activity, we expressed dnDP-1 in rat epithelial keratinocytes in organotypic culture and observed that DP-1 inhibition negatively affected stratification of these cells. Likewise, expression of dnDP-1 in embryonic ectoderm explants produced extensive disorganization of subsequently formed epidermal basal and suprabasal layers, interfering with normal epidermal formation. We conclude that DP-1 activity is required for normal epidermal morphogenesis and ectoderm-to-epidermis transition.

Development of a human somatic mutation detection method--GPA assay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mao Jianping; Dong Yan; Liu Bin; Lin Ruxian; Sun Zhixian

2000-01-01

Objective: To study the damage to human body caused by environmental radiation, and supervise the somatic mutations. Methods: Three monoclonal antibodies specific to M-type(3G4), N-type(6A8), and MN-type (3C5) of glycophorin A, respectively, were prepared. Fluorescence or biotin conjugated antibodies were bound specifically to formalin and/or dimethyl suber-imidate fixed erythrocytes. M, MN and N type cells were divided by cytometry to demonstrate the erythrocyte mutation characteristics (MN→MO, MM, NO, NN) and give out the variant frequency. Results: 1Wa, 1Wb and 2Wa methods of GPA assay were developed. Erythrocytes of MN type individuals could be separated to normal and single locus variant groups by 1W methods and they could be sorted as normal (MN), single gene deletion mutants (MO, NO), homozygous mutants (MM, NN) cell groups by 2Wa method. Conclusion: The assay is applicable to evaluating the frequency of variant erythrocytes from human somatic mutation

[Somatization disorders of the urogenital tract].

Science.gov (United States)

Günthert, E A

2002-11-01

Diffuse symptoms in the urogenital region can frequently be explained by somatization disorders. Since they cannot be proven either by laboratory tests or with common technical diagnostic methods, somatization disorders should always be taken into consideration. Somatization disorders are to be considered functional disorders. Since somatization disorders due to muscular tension prevail in the urogenital region, the functional disturbance can be explained by the muscular tension. Subsequently, muscular tension causes the pathophysiological development of symptoms. As a rule they appear as myofascial pain or disorder. Muscular tension can have a psychic origin. The absence of urological findings is typical. Males and females between the ages of 16 and 75 can be affected by somatization disorders in the urogenital region. Somatization disorders due to muscular tension belong to the large group of symptoms due to tension. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well as the pathophysiology of somatization disorders due to muscular tension are illustrated by two detailed case-reports.

The first pseudo-ternary thiocyanate containing two alkali metals. Synthesis and single-crystal structure of LiK{sub 2}[SCN]{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reckeweg, Olaf; DiSalvo, Francis J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Baker Lab.

2016-04-01

A procedure was empirically developed to prepare the compound LiK{sub 2}[SCN]{sub 3}, which forms colorless, transparent, very fragile, and extremely hygroscopic thin rectangular plates. Its unique crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. LiK{sub 2}[SCN]{sub 3} adopts the orthorhombic space group Pna2{sub 1} (no. 33, Z = 4) with the cell parameters a = 1209.32(9), b = 950.85(9), and c = 849.95(6) pm.

Magnetocaloric properties of the hexagonal HoMnO{sub 3} single crystal revisited

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balli, M., E-mail: Mohamed.balli@Usherbrooke.ca [Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1 (Canada); Roberge, B.; Vermette, J.; Jandl, S. [Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1 (Canada); Fournier, P. [Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1 (Canada); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8 (Canada); Gospodinov, M.M. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia 1184 (Bulgaria)

2015-12-01

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the hexagonal HoMnO{sub 3} single crystal have been revisited. It was found that the magnetocaloric effect shown by HoMnO{sub 3} strongly depends on the crystal orientation in respect to the applied magnetic field. Consequently, a large thermal effect can be induced by spinning the single crystal HoMnO{sub 3} around the a (or b) axis in a constant magnetic field instead of the conventional magnetization–demagnetization process. Under 7 T, the maximum rotating entropy change was evaluated to be about 8 J/kg K. The associated adiabatic temperature change reaches a value of about 5 K. These values are comparable to those of the other oxides exhibiting a large rotating magnetocaloric effect. The presence of both conventional and rotating thermal effects makes the hexagonal HoMnO{sub 3} more interesting from a practical point of view.

Fractional sunburn threshold UVR doses generate equivalent vitamin D and DNA damage in skin types I-VI, but with epidermal DNA damage gradient correlated to skin darkness.

Science.gov (United States)

Shih, Barbara B; Farrar, Mark D; Cooke, Marcus S; Osman, Joanne; Langton, Abigail K; Kift, Richard; Webb, Ann R; Berry, Jacqueline L; Watson, Rachel E B; Vail, Andy; de Gruijl, Frank R; Rhodes, Lesley E

2018-05-03

Public health guidance recommends limiting sun-exposure to sub-sunburn levels, but it's unknown whether these can gain vitamin D (for musculoskeletal health) whilst avoiding epidermal DNA damage (initiates skin cancer). Well-characterised healthy humans of all skin types (I-VI; lightest to darkest skin) were exposed to a low dose-series of solar simulated UVR of 20-80% their individual sunburn threshold dose (minimal erythemal dose, MED). Significant UVR dose-responses were seen for serum 25(OH)D and whole epidermal CPD, with as little as 0.2 MED concurrently producing 25(OH)D and CPD. Notably, fractional MEDs generated equivalent levels of whole epidermal CPD and 25(OH)D across all skin types. Crucially, we demonstrated an epidermal gradient of CPD formation strongly correlated with skin darkness (r=0.74; Pskin types, ranging from darkest skin, where high CPD levels occurred superficially with none in the germinative basal layer, through to lightest skin where CPD were induced evenly across the epidermal depth. Darker skin people can be encouraged to utilise sub-sunburn UVR-exposure to enhance their vitamin D. In lighter skin people, basal cell damage occurs concurrent with vitamin D synthesis at exquisitely low UVR levels, providing an explanation for their high skin cancer incidence; greater caution is required. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance of polyaniline modified mesoporous single crystal TiO{sub 2} microsphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deng, Yaocheng [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China); Tang, Lin, E-mail: tanglin@hnu.edu.cn [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China); Zeng, Guangming, E-mail: zgming@hnu.edu.cn [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China); Dong, Haoran; Yan, Ming; Wang, Jingjing [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China); Hu, Wei [College of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Wang, Jiajia; Zhou, Yaoyu; Tang, Jing [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China)

2016-11-30

Highlights: • The mesoporous single crystal microsphere of PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2} improved the light absorption. • The mesoporous structure of MS-TiO{sub 2} can increase the loading amount of PANI. • The synergistic effect between PANI and MS-TiO{sub 2} promoted the separation of charges. • Improved photocatalysis was achieved via PANI modified mesoporous single crystal TiO{sub 2} microsphere. - Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) modified mesoporous single crystal TiO{sub 2} microsphere (PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2}) with excellent photocatalytic activity was successfully prepared by a simple method of solution evaporation and chemisorption. The X-ray diffraction characterization demonstrated that the whole MS-TiO{sub 2} kept the crystal type of anatase. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization coupled with scanning electron microscopy indicated that the MS-TiO{sub 2} possessed a unique mesoporous structure with high specific surface area, which resulted in the increased load of PANI on the surface of MS-TiO{sub 2} and multiple light reflection in the photocatalyst. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra confirmed that PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2} presented more absorption ability in the visible light range than that of the pristine MS-TiO{sub 2}. The transient photocurrent responses and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated the high photo responses and fast photogenerated charge separation efficiency of PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2}. The photocatalytic activity of the PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2} was evaluated by the photodegradation of RhB and MB under visible light irradiation. MS-TiO{sub 2} photocatalyst with different molar ration of PANI had been prepared, and the results showed that the optimal photocatalyst (PANI/MS-TiO{sub 2} (1:40)) exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency which is nearly three times as great as that of pristine MS-TiO{sub 2} for the degradation of the RhB and MB under visible light irradiation. The remarkable performance of the PANI/MS-TiO{sub

Defect structure of TiS{sub 3} single crystals of the A-ZrSe{sub 3} type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bolotina, N. B., E-mail: nb-bolotina@mail.ru [Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” (Russian Federation); Gorlova, I. G. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Kotel’nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (Russian Federation); Verin, I. A. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” (Russian Federation); Titov, A. N. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch (Russian Federation); Arakcheeva, A. V. [Phase Solutions, Co Ltd. (Switzerland)

2016-11-15

The defect structure of TiS{sub 3} single crystals of the A-ZrSe{sub 3} type has been determined based on X-ray diffraction data. Shear defects manifest themselves as displacements of ab layers (which can imitate a twin) by ∼0.5a. Regular shears facilitate the formation of a superstructure along the c axis. A model of defect in the layer structure is proposed to explain the atomic displacements at an angle to the layer plane.

Properties of melt-grown single crystals of 'YB/sub 68/'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slack, G A; Oliver, D W; Brower, G D; Young, J D [General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. (USA). Research and Development Center

1977-01-01

Single crystals of yttrium boride YB/sub n/ with n = 61 +- 3 were grown from the melt. Precision density and lattice parameter measurements indicate a congruent melting point at n = 61.7 and a stoichiometric composition at n = 68. Measurements of elastic constants, acoustic attenuation, electrical resistivity and optical absorption are presented. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals a complex crystal structure similar to that found by using X-rays. A comparison of the properties of YB/sub n/ with those of ..beta..-boron show that there are many similarities.

Critical end point of the first-order ferromagnetic transition in a Sm{sub 0.55}(Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}){sub 0.45}MnO{sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radheep, D. Mohan [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024 (India); Sarkar, P. [Department of Physics, Serampore College, Serampore 712 201 (India); Arumugam, S. [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024 (India); Suryanarayanan, R. [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l' Etat Solide, ICMMO, CNRS, UMR8182, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France); Mandal, P., E-mail: prabhat.mandal@saha.ac.in [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta 700 064 (India)

2014-09-01

We report on the magnetic field (H) and hydrostatic pressure (P) dependence of the order of the ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic phase transition in a Sm{sub 0.55}(Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}){sub 0.45}MnO{sub 3} single crystal. At ambient condition, the system exhibits a first-order FM transition at T{sub C}≈82K (in heating cycle) with strong thermal hysteresis (∼13 K). The application of external H and P increases T{sub C}, suppresses the hysteresis width, and thus weakens the first-order nature of the transition. Our analysis reveals that the hysteresis vanishes and the first-order FM transition becomes a crossover above a critical magnetic field H{sub cr}≈11.5T. The value of H{sub cr} is highest among the manganite family, although the first-order nature of the FM transition is believed to be strongest in Eu{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}(x≈0.45). - Highlights: • System shows a strong first-order ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition. • Extremely sharp metal–insulator transition at around 82 K. • The value of critical magnetic field at which first-order transition becomes a crossover is highest among manganites. • The nature of transition is sensitive to external perturbations such as magnetic field and pressure.

In vitro testing of defense reactions in zygotic and somatic embryos of Abies numidica

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Jiří Hřib

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Defense of desiccated cotyledonary somatic embryos and mature zygotic embryos of Abies numidica was tested in vitro by dual cultures with tester, fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii. Both types of embryos expressed defense reactions manifested by inhibited growth of fungal tester towards the embryos. Mycelial growth was described by logistic sigmoid growth model with a single asymptote. Mutual comparisons of mycelial growth in presence of zygotic and somatic embryos showed significant differences in parameters of mycelium growth curves towards the embryos. Larger defense reactions were observed in zygotic embryos relative to somatic embryos and unlimited control cultivations without embryo. The possible role of auxin in the defense response of plant embryos is discussed.

Monitoring Milk Somatic Cell Counts

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Gheorghe Şteţca

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The presence of somatic cells in milk is a widely disputed issue in milk production sector. The somatic cell counts in raw milk are a marker for the specific cow diseases such as mastitis or swollen udder. The high level of somatic cells causes physical and chemical changes to milk composition and nutritional value, and as well to milk products. Also, the mastitic milk is not proper for human consumption due to its contribution to spreading of certain diseases and food poisoning. According to these effects, EU Regulations established the maximum threshold of admitted somatic cells in raw milk to 400000 cells / mL starting with 2014. The purpose of this study was carried out in order to examine the raw milk samples provided from small farms, industrial type farms and milk processing units. There are several ways to count somatic cells in milk but the reference accepted method is the microscopic method described by the SR EN ISO 13366-1/2008. Generally samples registered values in accordance with the admissible limit. By periodical monitoring of the somatic cell count, certain technological process issues are being avoided and consumer’s health ensured.

YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2}. Single crystal growth by the Czochralski method and high-field magnetization measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kliemt, Kristin; Krellner, Cornelius [Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Germany); Foerster, Tobias [HLD, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany); Brando, Manuel [MPI for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)

2016-07-01

We have investigated a new generation of YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2} single crystals that were grown from a levitating melt by the Czochralski method. With T{sub C}= 0.17 K, this ferromagnetic material has the lowest Curie temperature ever observed among stoichiometric compounds. A quantum critical point occurs in the substitution series YbNi{sub 4}(P{sub 1-x}As{sub x}){sub 2} at x ∼ 0.1. The hybridization between localized f-electrons and the conduction electrons leads to a Fermi-liquid ground state with narrow bands and strongly enhanced effective electronic masses (heavy fermion system, Kondo temperature 8 K). An external magnetic field can split the bands, deform the Fermi surface and simultaneously suppress the Kondo interaction. If such a deformation changes the topology, it is called a Lifshitz transition. Previous thermodynamic and electrical transport studies have found indications for Lifshitz transitions in this Kondo lattice system. We report on results of high-field magnetization measurements at low temperature to further investigate the putative Lifshitz transitions in YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2}.

Edge structures and properties of triangular antidots in single-layer MoS{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gan, Li-Yong, E-mail: ganly@swjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: iamyccheng@njtech.edu.cn, E-mail: udo.schwingenschlogl@kaust.edu.sa [Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials (Ministry of Education), Superconductivity and New Energy R& D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Cheng, Yingchun, E-mail: ganly@swjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: iamyccheng@njtech.edu.cn, E-mail: udo.schwingenschlogl@kaust.edu.sa; Huang, Wei [Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials - SICAM, Nanjing Tech University - NanjingTech, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816 (China); Schwingenschlögl, Udo, E-mail: ganly@swjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: iamyccheng@njtech.edu.cn, E-mail: udo.schwingenschlogl@kaust.edu.sa [Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia); Yao, Yingbang [Advanced Nanofabrication and Imaging Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia); School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong 510006 (China); Zhao, Yong [Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials (Ministry of Education), Superconductivity and New Energy R& D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan (China); Zhang, Xi-xiang [Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia); Advanced Nanofabrication and Imaging Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)

2016-08-29

Density functional theory and experiments are employed to shed light on the edge structures of antidots in O etched single-layer MoS{sub 2}. The equilibrium morphology is found to be the zigzag Mo edge with each Mo atom bonded to two O atoms, in a wide range of O chemical potentials. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the orientation of the created triangular antidots is opposite to the triangular shape of the single-layer MoS{sub 2} samples, in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, edges induced by O etching turn out to be p-doped, suggesting an effective strategy to realize p-type MoS{sub 2} devices.

Mediators between bereavement and somatic symptoms

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Konkolÿ Thege Barna

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In our research we examined the frequency of somatic symptoms among bereaved (N = 185 and non-bereaved men and women in a national representative sample (N = 4041 and investigated the possible mediating factors between bereavement status and somatic symptoms. Methods Somatic symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15, anxiety with a four-point anxiety rating scale, and depression with a nine-item shortened version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Results Among the bereaved, somatic symptoms proved to be significantly more frequent in both genders when compared to the non-bereaved, as did anxiety and depression. On the multivariate level, the results show that both anxiety and depression proved to be a mediator between somatic symptoms and bereavement. The effect sizes indicated that for both genders, anxiety was a stronger predictor of somatic symptoms than depression. Conclusions The results of our research indicate that somatic symptoms accompanying bereavement are not direct consequences of this state but they can be traced back to the associated anxiety and depression. These results draw attention to the need to recognize anxiety and depression looming in the background of somatic complaints in bereavement and to the importance of the dissemination of related information.

A computational approach to distinguish somatic vs. germline origin of genomic alterations from deep sequencing of cancer specimens without a matched normal.

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James X Sun

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A key constraint in genomic testing in oncology is that matched normal specimens are not commonly obtained in clinical practice. Thus, while well-characterized genomic alterations do not require normal tissue for interpretation, a significant number of alterations will be unknown in whether they are germline or somatic, in the absence of a matched normal control. We introduce SGZ (somatic-germline-zygosity, a computational method for predicting somatic vs. germline origin and homozygous vs. heterozygous or sub-clonal state of variants identified from deep massively parallel sequencing (MPS of cancer specimens. The method does not require a patient matched normal control, enabling broad application in clinical research. SGZ predicts the somatic vs. germline status of each alteration identified by modeling the alteration's allele frequency (AF, taking into account the tumor content, tumor ploidy, and the local copy number. Accuracy of the prediction depends on the depth of sequencing and copy number model fit, which are achieved in our clinical assay by sequencing to high depth (>500x using MPS, covering 394 cancer-related genes and over 3,500 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs. Calls are made using a statistic based on read depth and local variability of SNP AF. To validate the method, we first evaluated performance on samples from 30 lung and colon cancer patients, where we sequenced tumors and matched normal tissue. We examined predictions for 17 somatic hotspot mutations and 20 common germline SNPs in 20,182 clinical cancer specimens. To assess the impact of stromal admixture, we examined three cell lines, which were titrated with their matched normal to six levels (10-75%. Overall, predictions were made in 85% of cases, with 95-99% of variants predicted correctly, a significantly superior performance compared to a basic approach based on AF alone. We then applied the SGZ method to the COSMIC database of known somatic variants

Hall coefficients and optical properties of La/sub 2-//sub x/Sr/sub x/CuO4 single-crystal thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, M.

1989-01-01

The low-field Hall coefficient R/sub H/, optical reflectance and transmittance of the La/sub 2-//sub x/Sr/sub x/CuO 4 system with various Sr concentrations from x = 0 to 0.36 are systematically studied using single-crystal thin films epitaxially grown on (100) face SrTiO 3 substrates with the c axis normal to the film surface. For the x range measured, R/sub H/ is positive and decreases more rapidly than that expected from the Sr concentration but more slowly than reported earlier for polycrystalline specimens, indicating anisotropy of R/sub H/. Furthermore, the x dependence indicates deviation from that expected from a simple band model. Within the superconducting composition range, R/sub H/ exhibits characteristic temperature dependence. The optical reflectance spectrum changes from that of a semiconductor at x = 0 to a typical metallic one characterized by the Drude model for x>0.1, indicating the development of itinerant holes in the Cu-O planes. In the optical transmission spectra, an anomalous absorption band is seen in addition to the fundamental absorption corresponding to an energy gap of about 2 eV. This band, which develops with Sr doping, implies an enhancement of the density of states near the Fermi level. Taking these observations into account, the normal-state transport properties are explained with a qualitative consistence

Optically stimulated luminescence of Tb{sup 3+}/Sm{sup 3+} doubly doped K{sub 2}YF{sub 5} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camargo, L.; Marcazzo, J.; Santiago, M.; Caselli, E. [Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisica Arroyo Seco, Gral. Pinto 399, B7000GHG, Tandil (Argentina); Khaidukov, N. M., E-mail: jmarcass@exa.unicen.edu.ar [Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, Leninskii Prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation)

2014-08-15

In this work optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of K{sub 2}YF{sub 5} crystals doubly doped with Tb{sup 3+} and Sm{sup 3+} ions have been investigated for the first time. OSL responses for different dopant concentration and for optical stimulation with different wavelengths have been analyzed for each compound. Dosimetric properties of the most efficient composition, namely, K{sub 2}YF{sub 5}:1.0 at.% Tb{sup 3+}; 1.0 at.% Sm{sup 3+}, have been studied. Finally, the possible application of this single crystal as OSL dosimeter has been evaluated. (Author)

Osteoporosis and Somatization of Anxiety

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Papanikou

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Chronic stress can now be physiologically traced as a significant player in the creation of osteoporotic bones. The present pilot study involved 100 women (N = 42 have been diagnosed with osteopenia, N = 21 have been diagnosed with osteoporosis, N = 37 had a non-osteoporotic condition who participated in the Hellenic Society of Osteoporosis Association Support. Correlations between somatic symptoms of anxiety and osteoporosis, and among medications and somatization in women were explored. Assessments were based on a self-report demographic questionnaire and on the Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST administered for detection of anxiety disorder and somatization. Statistical analysis detected non-significant differences regarding the correlation between anxiety symptomatology or somatization due to osteoporosis and osteopenia diagnosis. The same pattern is observed among women’s age group, the occupational and marital status. Hypothesis that the osteoporosis and osteopenia group would manifest significant relationships with the age group and medicines was confirmed, as well as between somatization and medicines that women with osteoporosis and osteopenia undertake. The results suggest that women are not prone to manifest anxiety or somatization in relation to the osteoporosis condition. However, the majority of women with osteoporosis and osteopenia consume more than two medicines other than those for osteoporosis. This quantity and combination they undertake appear to contribute and deteriorate their anxiety/somatization symptomatology. Further research based on a larger sample would give more definite results.

Proximity effect and Andreev reflection in single-C{sub 60} junctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brand, Jonathan; Neel, Nicolas; Kroeger, Joerg [Institut fuer Physik, Technische Universitaet Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau (Germany)

2016-07-01

Single C{sub 60} molecules deposited on an ultrathin oxide film on Nb(110) were investigated using a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope. Spectroscopy of the differential conductance (dI/dV) in the tunnelling range indicates proximity-induced superconductivity in junctions comprising the oxide layer as well as single C{sub 60} molecules. Andreev reflection is enhanced upon controlled fabrication of tip-surface contacts. With decreasing electrode separation the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer energy gap gradually evolves into a zero-bias peak in dI/dV spectra reflecting the spectroscopic signature of Andreev reflection. The current-voltage characteristics of the tunnelling and contact junctions are well described by the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory. Our spectroscopic data evidence the influence of the electrodes' atomic-scale structure on electron transport across normal metal-superconductor interfaces.

Hemoglobin promotes somatic embryogenesis in peanut cultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Jayabalan, N; Anthony, P; Davey, M R; Power, J B; Lowe, K C

2004-02-01

Critical parameters influencing somatic embryogenesis include growth regulators and oxygen supply. Consequently, the present investigation has focused on optimization of a somatic embryogenic system for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through media supplementation with the auxin, picloram. The latter at 30 mg L(-1) was optimal for inducing regeneration of somatic embryos from cultured explants of zygotic embryos. In contrast, somatic embryogenesis did not occur in the absence of this growth regulator. An assessment has also been made of the beneficial effect on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of the commercial hemoglobin (Hb) solution, Erythrogen. Hemoglobin at 1:50 and 1:100 (v:v) stimulated increases in mean fresh weight (up to a maximum of 57% over control), mean number of explants producing somatic embryos (15%) and mean number of somatic embryos per explant (29%).

Herbal medicines that benefit epidermal permeability barrier function

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Lizhi Hu

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Epidermal permeability barrier function plays a critical role in regulating cutaneous functions. Hence, researchers have been searching for effective and affordable regimens to enhance epidermal permeability barrier function. In addition to topical stratum corneum lipids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and liver X receptor ligands, herbal medicines have been proven to benefit epidermal permeability barrier function in both normal and diseased skin, including atopic dermatitis, glucocorticoid-induced skin damage, and UVB-damaged skin. The potential mechanisms by which herbal medicines improve the permeability barrier include stimulation of epidermal differentiation, lipid production, antimicrobial peptide expression, and antioxidation. Therefore, utilization of herbal medicines could be a valuable alternative approach to enhance epidermal permeability barrier function in order to prevent and/or treat skin disorders associated with permeability barrier abnormalities.

Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Li; Getz, Gad; Wheeler, David A.; Mardis, Elaine R.; McLellan, Michael D.; Cibulskis, Kristian; Sougnez, Carrie; Greulich, Heidi; Muzny, Donna M.; Morgan, Margaret B.; Fulton, Lucinda; Fulton, Robert S.; Zhang, Qunyuan; Wendl, Michael C.; Lawrence, Michael S.; Larson, David E.; Chen, Ken; Dooling, David J.; Sabo, Aniko; Hawes, Alicia C.; Shen, Hua; Jhangiani, Shalini N.; Lewis, Lora R.; Hall, Otis; Zhu, Yiming; Mathew, Tittu; Ren, Yanru; Yao, Jiqiang; Scherer, Steven E.; Clerc, Kerstin; Metcalf, Ginger A.; Ng, Brian; Milosavljevic, Aleksandar; Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L.; Osborne, John R.; Meyer, Rick; Shi, Xiaoqi; Tang, Yuzhu; Koboldt, Daniel C.; Lin, Ling; Abbott, Rachel; Miner, Tracie L.; Pohl, Craig; Fewell, Ginger; Haipek, Carrie; Schmidt, Heather; Dunford-Shore, Brian H.; Kraja, Aldi; Crosby, Seth D.; Sawyer, Christopher S.; Vickery, Tammi; Sander, Sacha; Robinson, Jody; Winckler, Wendy; Baldwin, Jennifer; Chirieac, Lucian R.; Dutt, Amit; Fennell, Tim; Hanna, Megan; Johnson, Bruce E.; Onofrio, Robert C.; Thomas, Roman K.; Tonon, Giovanni; Weir, Barbara A.; Zhao, Xiaojun; Ziaugra, Liuda; Zody, Michael C.; Giordano, Thomas; Orringer, Mark B.; Roth, Jack A.; Spitz, Margaret R.; Wistuba, Ignacio I.; Ozenberger, Bradley; Good, Peter J.; Chang, Andrew C.; Beer, David G.; Watson, Mark A.; Ladanyi, Marc; Broderick, Stephen; Yoshizawa, Akihiko; Travis, William D.; Pao, William; Province, Michael A.; Weinstock, George M.; Varmus, Harold E.; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Lander, Eric S.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Meyerson, Matthew; Wilson, Richard K.

2009-01-01

Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers—including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM—and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment. PMID:18948947

The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden.

Science.gov (United States)

Gierk, Benjamin; Kohlmann, Sebastian; Kroenke, Kurt; Spangenberg, Lena; Zenger, Markus; Brähler, Elmar; Löwe, Bernd

2014-03-01

Somatic symptoms are the core features of many medical diseases, and they are used to evaluate the severity and course of illness. The 8-item Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8) was recently developed as a brief, patient-reported outcome measure of somatic symptom burden, but its reliability, validity, and usefulness have not yet been tested. To investigate the reliability, validity, and severity categories as well as the reference scores of the SSS-8. A national, representative general-population survey was performed between June 15, 2012, and July 15, 2012, in Germany, including 2510 individuals older than 13 years. The SSS-8 mean (SD), item-total correlations, Cronbach α, factor structure, associations with measures of construct validity (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 depression scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale, visual analog scale for general health status, 12-month health care use), severity categories, and percentile rank reference scores. The SSS-8 had excellent item characteristics and good reliability (Cronbach α = 0.81). The factor structure reflects gastrointestinal, pain, fatigue, and cardiopulmonary aspects of the general somatic symptom burden. Somatic symptom burden as measured by the SSS-8 was significantly associated with depression (r = 0.57 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.60]), anxiety (r = 0.55 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.58]), general health status (r = -0.24 [95% CI, -0.28 to -0.20]), and health care use (incidence rate ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.14]). The SSS-8 severity categories were calculated in accordance with percentile ranks: no to minimal (0-3 points), low (4-7 points), medium (8-11 points), high (12-15 points), and very high (16-32 points) somatic symptom burden. For every SSS-8 severity category increase, there was a 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) increase in health care visits. The SSS-8 is a reliable and valid self-report measure of somatic symptom burden. Cutoff scores identify individuals with low, medium, high, and very high somatic

High-pressure single-crystal elasticity study of CO{sub 2} across phase I-III transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Jin S., E-mail: zhang72@illinois.edu; Bass, Jay D. [Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801 (United States); Shieh, Sean R. [Departments of Earth Sciences and Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 (Canada); Dera, Przemyslaw [Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (United States); Prakapenka, Vitali [Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (United States)

2014-04-07

Sound velocities and elastic moduli of solid single-crystal CO{sub 2} were measured at pressures up to 11.7(3) GPa by Brillouin spectroscopy. The aggregate adiabatic bulk modulus (K{sub S}), shear modulus (G), and their pressure derivatives for CO{sub 2} Phase I are K{sub S0} = 3.4(6) GPa, G{sub 0} = 1.8(2) GPa, (dK{sub S}/dP){sub 0} = 7.8(3), (dG/dP){sub 0} = 2.5(1), (d{sup 2}K{sub S}/dP{sup 2}){sub 0} = −0.23(3) GPa{sup −1}, and (d{sup 2}G/dP{sup 2}){sub 0} = −0.10(1) GPa{sup −1}. A small increase of elastic properties was observed between 9.8(1) and 10.5(3) GPa, in agreement with the CO{sub 2} I-III transition pressure determined from previous x-ray diffraction experiments. Above the transition pressure P{sub T}, we observed a mixture dominated by CO{sub 2}-I, with minor CO{sub 2}-III. The CO{sub 2}-I + III mixture shows slightly increased sound velocities compared to pure CO{sub 2}-I. Elastic anisotropy calculated from the single-crystal elasticity tensor exhibits a decrease with pressure beginning at 7.9(1) GPa, which is lower than P{sub T}. Our results coincide with recent X-ray Raman observations, suggesting that a pressure-induced electronic transition is related to local structural and optical changes.

Crystal structures of Ni sup 2 sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 and Ni sub 1 sub 2 Tl sub 6 sub 8 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4

CERN Document Server

Song, M K; Kim, Y

2001-01-01

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated Ni sup 2 sup + - and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X (Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 -X, and Ni sub 1 sub 2 Tl sub 6 sub 8 -X; X=Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C (a=24.380(4) A, 24.660(4) A, respectively). Their structures have been refined to the final error indices R sub 1 =0.037 and R sub 2 =0.043 with 485 reflections, and R sub 1 =0.039 and R sub 2 =0.040 with 306 reflections, respectively, for which I>3 sigma(I). In Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 -X, 17 Ni sup 2 sup + ions per unit cell were found at only two sites: 15 at site I at the center of the hexagonal prism (Ni-O=2.203(9) A). and the remaining 2 at site II near single six-oxygen rings in the supercage (Ni-O=2.16(3) A). Fifty-eight Tl sup + ions were found at five crystallographic sites: 28 at site II (Tl-O=2.626(8) A, 2 at site I' in the sodalite cavity near the hexagonal ...

Inference of Tumor Phylogenies with Improved Somatic Mutation Discovery

KAUST Repository

Salari, Raheleh

2013-01-01

Next-generation sequencing technologies provide a powerful tool for studying genome evolution during progression of advanced diseases such as cancer. Although many recent studies have employed new sequencing technologies to detect mutations across multiple, genetically related tumors, current methods do not exploit available phylogenetic information to improve the accuracy of their variant calls. Here, we present a novel algorithm that uses somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in multiple, related tissue samples as lineage markers for phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Our method then leverages the inferred phylogeny to improve the accuracy of SNV discovery. Experimental analyses demonstrate that our method achieves up to 32% improvement for somatic SNV calling of multiple related samples over the accuracy of GATK\\'s Unified Genotyper, the state of the art multisample SNV caller. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Heterogeneous activation of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} by defect-engineered TiO{sub 2−x} single crystals for refractory pollutants degradation: A Fenton-like mechanism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ai-Yong, E-mail: ayzhang@hfut.edu.cn; Lin, Tan; He, Yuan-Yi; Mou, Yu-Xuan

2016-07-05

Highlights: • Facet- and defect-engineered TiO{sub 2} is proposed for water treatment as Fenton-like catalyst. • The =Ti(III) center serves as lattice shuttle for electron transfer in H{sub 2}O{sub 2} activation. • TiO{sub 2} is promising due to low cost, high abundance, no toxicity and stable performance. - Abstract: The heterogeneous catalyst plays a key role in Fenton-like reaction for advanced oxidation of refractory pollutants in water treatment. Titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) is a typical semiconductor with high industrial importance due to its earth abundance, low cost and no toxicity. In this work, it is found that TiO{sub 2} can heterogeneously activate hydrogen peroxide (H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, E° = 1.78 eV), a common chemical oxidant, to efficiently generate highly-powerful hydroxyl radical, ·OH (E{sup 0} = 2.80 eV), for advanced water treatment, when its crystal shape, exposed facet and oxygen-stoichiometry are finely tuned. The defect-engineered TiO{sub 2} single crystals exposed by high-energy {0 0 1} facets exhibited an excellent Fenton-like activity and stability for degrading typical refractory organic pollutants such as methyl orange and p-nitrophenol. Its defect-centered Fenton-like superiority is mainly attributed to the crystal oxygen-vacancy, single-crystalline structure and exposed polar {0 0 1} facet. Our findings could provide new chance to utilize TiO{sub 2} for Fenton-like technology, and develop novel heterogeneous catalyst for advanced water treatment.

Identification of excitons, trions and biexcitons in single-layer WS{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plechinger, Gerd; Nagler, Philipp; Kraus, Julia; Paradiso, Nicola; Strunk, Christoph; Schueller, Christian; Korn, Tobias [Institut fuer Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg (Germany)

2015-08-15

Single-layer WS{sub 2} is a direct-gap semiconductor showing strong excitonic photoluminescence features in the visible spectral range. Here, we present temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements on mechanically exfoliated single-layer WS{sub 2}, revealing the existence of neutral and charged excitons at low temperatures as well as at room temperature. By applying a gate voltage, we can electrically control the ratio of excitons and trions and assert a residual n-type doping of our samples. At high excitation densities and low temperatures, an additional peak at energies below the trion dominates the photoluminescence, which we identify as biexciton emission. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mosaic deletion of 20pter due to rescue by somatic recombination.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Megan M; Vanzo, Rena J; Sdano, Mallory R; Baxter, Adrianne L; South, Sarah T

2016-01-01

We report on a unique case of a mosaic 20pter-p13 deletion due to a somatic repair event identified by allele differentiating single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes on chromosomal microarray. Small terminal deletions of 20p have been reported in a few individuals and appear to result in a variable phenotype. This patient was a 24-month-old female who presented with failure to thrive and speech delay. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) performed on peripheral blood showed a 1.6 Mb deletion involving the terminus of 20p (20pter-20p13). This deletion appeared mosaic by CMA and this suspicion was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Additionally, the deletion interval at 20p was directly adjacent to 15 Mb of mosaic copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The pattern of SNP probes was highly suggestive of a somatic repair event that resulted in rescue of the deleted region using the non-deleted homologue as a template. Structural mosaicism is rare and most often believed to be due to a postzygotic mechanism. This case demonstrates the additional utility of allele patterns to help distinguish mechanisms and in this case identified the possibility of either a post-zygotic repair of a germline deletion or a post-zygotic deletion with somatic recombination repair in a single step. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Formation of SmFe{sub 5}(0001) ordered alloy thin films on Cu(111) single-crystal underlayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yabuhara, Osamu; Ohtake, Mitsuru; Nukaga, Yuri; Futamoto, Masaaki [Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551 (Japan); Kirino, Fumiyoshi, E-mail: yabuhara@futamoto.elect.chuo-u.ac.j [Graduate School of Fine Arts, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, 12-8 Ueno-koen, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8714 (Japan)

2010-01-01

SmFe{sub 5}(0001) single-crystal thin films are prepared by molecular beam epitaxy employing Cu(111) single-crystal underlayers on MgO(111) substrates. The Cu atoms diffuse into the Sm-Fe layer and substitute the Fe sites in SmFe{sub 5} structure forming an alloy compound of Sm(Fe,Cu){sub 5}. The Sm(Fe,Cu){sub 5} film is more Cu enriched with increasing the substrate temperature. The Cu underlayer plays an important role in assisting the formation of the ordered phase.

Imaging Action Potential in Single Mammalian Neurons by Tracking the Accompanying Sub-Nanometer Mechanical Motion.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yunze; Liu, Xian-Wei; Wang, Hui; Yu, Hui; Guan, Yan; Wang, Shaopeng; Tao, Nongjian

2018-03-28

Action potentials in neurons have been studied traditionally by intracellular electrophysiological recordings and more recently by the fluorescence detection methods. Here we describe a label-free optical imaging method that can measure mechanical motion in single cells with a sub-nanometer detection limit. Using the method, we have observed sub-nanometer mechanical motion accompanying the action potential in single mammalian neurons by averaging the repeated action potential spikes. The shape and width of the transient displacement are similar to those of the electrically recorded action potential, but the amplitude varies from neuron to neuron, and from one region of a neuron to another, ranging from 0.2-0.4 nm. The work indicates that action potentials may be studied noninvasively in single mammalian neurons by label-free imaging of the accompanying sub-nanometer mechanical motion.

A study of the phase transition and magnetocaloric effect in multiferroic La{sub 2}MnNiO{sub 6} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balli, M., E-mail: mohamed.balli@usherbrooke.ca; Jandl, S. [Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1 (Canada); Fournier, P. [Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1 (Canada); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8 (Canada); Gospodinov, M. M. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia 1184 (Bulgaria)

2014-05-07

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of single crystal double perovskite La{sub 2}MnNiO{sub 6} have been investigated in details. Its ordered phase with a high Curie temperature (T{sub C} = 280 K) exhibits a significant refrigerant capacity around room temperature. A model based on the mean field theory approximation has been used in order to quantify the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in the ordered La{sub 2}MnNiO{sub 6}. The magnetization and entropy changes were satisfactorily simulated as a function of temperature and magnetic field. On the other hand, the presence of cationic disorder in La{sub 2}MnNiO{sub 6} phases allows to shift the Curie point to low temperature without a significant change in the magnetocaloric performance.

In vivo UVB irradiation induces clustering of Fas (CD95) on human epidermal cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bang, Bo; Gniadecki, Robert; Larsen, Jørgen K

2003-01-01

a single dose of UVB irradiation. Normal healthy individuals were irradiated with three minimal erythema doses (MED) of UVB on forearm or buttock skin. Suction blisters from unirradiated and irradiated skin were raised, and Fas, FasL, and apoptosis of epidermal cells quantified by flow cytometry...

Single-layer graphene-TiO{sub 2} nanotubes array heterojunction for ultraviolet photodetector application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Deng-Yue [School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China); Ge, Cai-Wang [School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China); Wang, Jiu-Zhen [School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China); Zhang, Teng-Fei [School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China); Wu, Yu-Cheng, E-mail: ycwu@hfut.edu.cn [School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China); Liang, Feng-Xia, E-mail: fxliang@hfut.edu.cn [School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 (China)

2016-11-30

Highlights: • Heterostructures comprised of a single-layer graphene and TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were constructed for ultraviolet detection. • The electrical properties of the fabricated heterostructures were dependent on the annealing atmospheres. • The effect of anodic TiO{sub 2} nanotube length on the performance of the photodetector were investigated. - Abstract: In this work, we reported on the fabrication of a single-layer graphene (SLG)-TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays (NTs) heterostructures ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) by transferring chemical vapor deposition derived MLG on the surface of anodic TiO{sub 2}NTs array. Through varying the annealing atmosphere and anodization time in the TiO{sub 2} synthesis procedure, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of the as-fabricated Schottky junction UVPD were studied. It was revealed that the anodic TiO{sub 2}NTs annealed in air showed a better rectifying behavior and was highly sensitive to UV light irradiation. Further investigation found that the device performance of the UVPD can be readily modulated by the anodization time, and the anodic TiO{sub 2}NTs with a medium tube length of 9.6 μm exhibits the highest device performance. These results demonstrated that the present SLG-TiO{sub 2}NTs array hetero-junction UVPD will be highly promising for fabricating high-performance optoelectronic device and system in the future.

Research into the biological effects of ionizing radiation somatic effects II: non-cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bond, V.P.

1980-01-01

Somatic effects of radiation can be considered in two categories: low and high level effects. In the low level exposure region (defined here arbitrarily as a single dose of the order of 10 rads or less, or higher doses at very low dose rates), the only somatic effects other than cancer known definitely at present to have health significance are those on fertiltiy and on the developing individual from conception to near birth. Knowledge of these effects is inadequate at present, and the bulk of this report will be devoted to discussing the types of additional investigations required. With respect to non-cancer somatic effects of radiation at intermediate to high doses and dose rates, enough is known to describe in general the course of early (over the first days to perhaps six weeks) effects, following different doses of external radiation. In particular, the non-cancer late effects of intermediate to high doses of internal and external radiation need better definition. The distinction between non-cancer and cancer-related somatic effects is blurred, at least at high dose levels

Somatic embryogenesis and embryo culture coupled with gamma irradiation for generating avocado (Persea americana Miller) mutants in the Philippines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avenido, R. A. [Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños (Philippines); Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños (Philippines); Galvez, H. F.; Dimaculangan, J. G.; Welgas, J. N.; Frankie, R. B.; Damasco, O. P. [Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños (Philippines)

2009-05-15

Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos and embryo cultures from mature fruits were achieved in select avocado accession ‘Semil’ and other seedling trees in the Philippines. Embryogenic cultures were induced from immature zygotic embryos of eight (8) avocado genotypes using either SE1 medium (MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 5 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg/l BAP) or SE2 medium (MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 0.1 mg/l picloram). Embryogenic cultures of 2 genotypes namely ‘Semil’ and ‘Mainit’ developed into somatic embryos after repeated subcultures in SE2, SE3 (MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 0.1 mg/l TDZ + 0.5 mg/l GA{sub 3}) and SE4 (MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 2 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l IBA) media. Plant/shoot regeneration from ‘Semil’ somatic embryos was recorded in 3 trials at 16.3, 23.0 and 20.7%, and was affected by culture age, light treatment and media used. R4 regeneration medium (B5 macro salts + MS minor salts and vitamins + 60 g/l sucrose + 400 g/l glu + 2 mg/l BAP + 4.5 g/l Phytagel was found to be the best. Gamma irradiation (10 to 30 Gy) of embryogenic cultures of ‘Semil’ resulted in reduced proliferation and formation of cotyledonary stage somatic embryos. However, shoot regeneration from somatic embryos from gamma-irradiated cultures was comparable or even higher (17.8 to 26.9%) as compared to the control (18.3%). Over 200 somatic embryo-derived putative variant/mutant lines from tissue culture and gamma irradiation experiments are being maintained as shoot cultures. Due to slow growth and other related problems, micrografting and in vitro rooting were used to rescue and ensure the greenhouse establishment of putative mutant shoots, and fast-track mutant confirmation by genetic analysis. Preliminary genetic analyses by SSR revealed that (a) the 3 asexually propagated ‘Semil’ mother trees are genetically similar, and (b) mutations marked by the generation of a new allele (band) at the SSR locus was evident among the somatic embryo

Orientation-dependent Kondo resonance of the Ni{sub 2}(hfaa){sub 4}(bpm) and Mn{sub 2}(hfaa){sub 4}(bpm) single molecular magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Lei; Schackert, Michael; Miyamachi, Toshio; Yamada, Toyokazu; Wulfhekel, Wulf [Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (Germany); Schramm, Frank; Ruben, Mario [Institut of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (Germany)

2011-07-01

Single molecular magnets (SMM) attract much interest due to their potential applications in spintronics. We investigated metal organic molecules based on (hfaa){sub 4}(bpm) containing two 3d ions (Ni or Mn) using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 1 K in ultra-high vacuum. In the bulk, the two metallic ions couple antiferromagnetically leading to an S=0 ground state. The Ni{sub 2} and Mn{sub 2} molecules were sublimed onto atomically clean Cu(100) surfaces resulting in two different absorptions configurations. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) with a high energy resolution of 0.3 meV showed a strong Kondo resonance on the position of the metal ions inside the molecules indicating that the hybridization of the local spins with the substrate is more efficient than their antiferromagnetic coupling. The Fano resonance showed a pronounced dependence on the adsorption geometry indicating different Kondo temperatures and q-parameters. This is explained by a adsorption dependent hybridization between SMM and the substrate.

Impedance analysis and high temperature conduction mechanism of flux grown Pb(Zn{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3}){sub 0.91}Ti{sub 0.09}O{sub 3} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, B.K.; Kumar, B. [Crystal Lab., Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi (India)

2010-10-15

The electrical properties of Pb(Zn{sub 1/3} Nb{sub 2/3}){sub 0.91}Ti{sub 0.09}O{sub 3} single crystals over a wide range of frequencies (20 Hz to 2 MHz) and temperature (30 to 490 C) were studied using impedance spectroscopic technique. A strongly frequency dependant Debye type relaxation process in crystals was observed. The activation energy for relaxation was found to be 1.72 eV. The nature of Cole-Cole plot reveals the contribution of only grain (bulk) effect in the sample. The temperature dependant conductivity was found to different in different temperature regions, which shows the presence of different carrier for conduction. The activation energy for conduction in the order of 1.69 eV suggested that the conduction process in higher temperature region is governed by the presence of lead vacancy defect in the sample. Further, the negative temperature thermistor behaviour of the system was explored and various associated parameters were calculated. (copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Chemistry through cocrystals: pressure-induced polymerization of C<sub>2sub>H>2sub>·C>6sub>H>6sub> to an extended crystalline hydrocarbon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ward, Matthew D. [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA; Huang, Haw-Tyng [Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Zhu, Li [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA; Biswas, Arani [Department of Chemistry; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Popov, Dmitry [High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT); Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Argonne; USA; Badding, John V. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Department of Chemistry; Strobel, Timothy A. [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA

2018-01-01

The 1 : 1 acetylene–benzene cocrystal, C<sub>2sub>H>2sub>·C>6sub>H>6sub>, was synthesized under pressure in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and its evolution under pressure was studied with single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

Chemistry through cocrystals: pressure-induced polymerization of C<sub>2sub>H>2sub>·C <sub>6sub>H>6sub> to an extended crystalline hydrocarbon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ward, Matthew D. [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA; Huang, Haw-Tyng [Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Zhu, Li [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA; Biswas, Arani [Department of Chemistry; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Popov, Dmitry [High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT); Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Argonne; USA; Badding, John V. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; USA; Department of Chemistry; Strobel, Timothy A. [Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington; USA

2018-01-01

The 1:1 acetylene–benzene cocrystal, C<sub>2sub>H>2sub>·C>6sub>H>6sub>, was synthesized under pressure in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and its evolution under pressure was studied with single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

Somatic Embryogenesis in Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sativa and var. sylvestris).

Science.gov (United States)

Rugini, Eddo; Silvestri, Cristian

2016-01-01

Protocols for olive somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos and mature tissues have been described for both Olea europaea sub. europaea var. sativa and var. sylvestris. Immature zygotic embryos (no more than 75 days old), used after fruit collection or stored at 12-14 °C for 2-3 months, are the best responsive explants and very slightly genotype dependent, and one single protocol can be effective for a wide range of genotypes. On the contrary, protocols for mature zygotic embryos and for mature tissue of cultivars are often genotype specific, so that they may require many adjustments according to genotypes. The use of thidiazuron and cefotaxime seems to be an important trigger for induction phase particularly for tissues derived from cultivars. Up to now, however, the application of this technique for large-scale propagation is hampered also by the low rate of embryo germination; it proves nonetheless very useful for genetic improvement.

piggyBac transposon somatic mutagenesis with an activated reporter and tracker (PB-SMART for genetic screens in mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sean F Landrette

Full Text Available Somatic forward genetic screens have the power to interrogate thousands of genes in a single animal. Retroviral and transposon mutagenesis systems in mice have been designed and deployed in somatic tissues for surveying hematopoietic and solid tumor formation. In the context of cancer, the ability to visually mark mutant cells would present tremendous advantages for identifying tumor formation, monitoring tumor growth over time, and tracking tumor infiltrations and metastases into wild-type tissues. Furthermore, locating mutant clones is a prerequisite for screening and analyzing most other somatic phenotypes. For this purpose, we developed a system using the piggyBac (PB transposon for somatic mutagenesis with an activated reporter and tracker, called PB-SMART. The PB-SMART mouse genetic screening system can simultaneously induce somatic mutations and mark mutated cells using bioluminescence or fluorescence. The marking of mutant cells enable analyses that are not possible with current somatic mutagenesis systems, such as tracking cell proliferation and tumor growth, detecting tumor cell infiltrations, and reporting tissue mutagenesis levels by a simple ex vivo visual readout. We demonstrate that PB-SMART is highly mutagenic, capable of tumor induction with low copy transposons, which facilitates the mapping and identification of causative insertions. We further integrated a conditional transposase with the PB-SMART system, permitting tissue-specific mutagenesis with a single cross to any available Cre line. Targeting the germline, the system could also be used to conduct F1 screens. With these features, PB-SMART provides an integrated platform for individual investigators to harness the power of somatic mutagenesis and phenotypic screens to decipher the genetic basis of mammalian biology and disease.

K{sub 2}Y(WO{sub 4})(PO{sub 4}): Tm{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}: a potential tunable single-phased white-emitting phosphor under UV light excitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Lili, E-mail: hanlili.06@163.com [Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070 (China); Xie, Xinzhong; Lian, Junhong; Wang, Yuhua [Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Wang, Chengwei, E-mail: cwwang@nwnu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070 (China)

2016-08-15

A white-emitting K{sub 2}Y(WO{sub 4})(PO{sub 4}): Tm{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} phosphor has been successfully prepared by conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the as-synthesized phosphors. The results show that all samples crystallize in an orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Ibca (73). Under the excitation at 292 nm, the un-doped sample presents a self-illumination feature, which should result from the crystal host excitation or molecular transitions within the WO{sub 4}{sup 2−} group. Upon 360 or 350 nm excitation, the Tm{sup 3+}or Dy{sup 3+} single-doped K{sub 2}Y(WO{sub 4})(PO{sub 4}) samples can emit an intense blue and white light with the optimal concentration 1% and 5%, respectively. In order to inquiry the interactions of Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+}, a series of co-doping samples were prepared and by the analyses of excitation and emission spectra and decay times, we carefully investigated whether or not the energy transfer occurs between Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} in the host K{sub 2}Y(WO{sub 4})(PO{sub 4}). In addition, the color coordinate of as-obtained samples pumped by ultraviolet light are also clearly displayed in this work. Furthermore, with the increase in temperature, KYWP: 0.05Dy{sup 3+} presents satisfactory thermal stability. All the results indicate that the single-composition phosphor could have a promising application in the area of white light emitting diodes.

Development of CdTe/Cd{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Te double barrier, single quantum well heterostructure for resonant tunneling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reuscher, G.; Keim, M.; Fischer, F.; Waag, A.; Landwehr, G. [Physikalishes Institut der Universitaet Wuerzburg am Hubland, Wuerzburg (Germany)

1995-12-31

We report the first observation of resonant tunneling through a CdTe/Cd{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Te double barrier, single quantum well heterostructure. Negative differential resistance is observable at temperatures below 230 K, exhibiting a peak to valley ratio of 3:1 at 4.2 K. (author). 16 refs, 2 figs.

Spin dynamics, electronic, and thermal transport properties of two-dimensional CrPS{sub 4} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pei, Q. L.; Luo, X., E-mail: xluo@issp.ac.cn, E-mail: ypsun@issp.ac.cn; Lin, G. T.; Song, J. Y.; Hu, L.; Song, W. H.; Lu, W. J. [Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Zou, Y. M.; Yu, L.; Tong, W. [High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Sun, Y. P., E-mail: xluo@issp.ac.cn, E-mail: ypsun@issp.ac.cn [High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)

2016-01-28

2-Dimensional (2D) CrPS{sub 4} single crystals have been grown by the chemical vapor transport method. The crystallographic, magnetic, electronic, and thermal transport properties of the single crystals were investigated by the room-temperature X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity ρ(T), specific heat C{sub P}(T), and the electronic spin response (ESR) measurements. CrPS{sub 4} crystals crystallize into a monoclinic structure. The electrical resistivity ρ(T) shows a semiconducting behavior with an energy gap E{sub a} = 0.166 eV. The antiferromagnetic transition temperature is about T{sub N} = 36 K. The spin flipping induced by the applied magnetic field is observed along the c axis. The magnetic phase diagram of CrPS{sub 4} single crystal has been discussed. The extracted magnetic entropy at T{sub N} is about 10.8 J/mol K, which is consistent with the theoretical value R ln(2S + 1) for S = 3/2 of the Cr{sup 3+} ion. Based on the mean-field theory, the magnetic exchange constants J{sub 1} and J{sub c} corresponding to the interactions of the intralayer and between layers are about 0.143 meV and −0.955 meV are obtained based on the fitting of the susceptibility above T{sub N}, which agree with the results obtained from the ESR measurements. With the help of the strain for tuning the magnetic properties, monolayer CrPS{sub 4} may be a promising candidate to explore 2D magnetic semiconductors.

An investigation on photoluminescence and energy transfer of Eu{sup 3+}/Sm{sup 3+} single-doped and co-doped Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandi, Vengala Rao; Grandhe, Bhaskar Kumar [Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773 (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Kiwan, E-mail: kwjang@changwon.ac.kr [Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773 (Korea, Republic of); Shin, Dong-Soo [Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon (Korea, Republic of); Yi, Soung-Soo [Department of Photonics, Silla University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jung-Hyun [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

2013-07-15

The present investigation aims to demonstrate the potentiality of Eu{sup 3+}/Sm{sup 3+} single-doped and co-doped Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} phosphors, which were prepared by a sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that all the observed peaks could be attributed to the monoclinic phase of Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}. From the measured emission profiles, we have noticed that both the single-doped Eu{sup 3+}/Sm{sup 3+} phosphors shows four emission transitions of {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 0,1,2,3} and {sup 4}G{sub 5/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 5/2,7/2,9/2,11/2} respectively. Among them, the {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} of Eu{sup 3+} and {sup 4}G{sub 5/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 7/2} of Sm{sup 3+} are intense emission transitions, leading to an intense red color emission from the prepared phosphors. The excitation spectra showed that Eu{sup 3+}/Sm{sup 3+} doped samples can be excited efficiently by 394 nm and 402 nm respectively, incidentally which matches well with the characteristic emission from UVLED. The co-doping of Sm{sup 3+} ions can broaden and strengthen the absorption of near UV region and to be efficient to sensitize the emission of the Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor. The mechanism involved in the energy transfer between Eu{sup 3+} and Sm{sup 3+} has been explained and elucidated by an energy level diagram. - Highlights: • Eu{sup 3+} or/and Sm{sup 3+}:Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} phosphors were prepared by sol–gel method. • The co-doping of Sm{sup 3+} to Ca{sub 4}YO(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} extends its absorption of NUV region. • It has intense absorption in NUV region, which is suitable for NUV LED. • The energy transfer process between Eu{sup 3+} and Sm{sup 3+} ions were discussed.

Epidermal stem cells: location, potential and contribution to cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Ambler, C A; Määttä, A

2009-01-01

Epidermal stem cells have been classically characterized as slow-cycling, long-lived cells that reside in discrete niches in the skin. Gene expression studies of niche-resident cells have revealed a number of stem cell markers and regulators, including the Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch, p63, c-Myc and Hedgehog pathways. A new study challenges the traditional developmental paradigm of slow-cycling stem cells and rapid-cycling transit amplifying cells in some epidermal regions, and there is mounting evidence to suggest that multi-lineage epidermal progenitors can be isolated from highly proliferative, non-niche regions. Whether there is a unique microenvironment surrounding these progenitors remains to be determined. Interestingly, cancer stem cells derived from epidermal tumours exist independent of the classic skin stem cell niche, yet also have stem cell properties, including multi-lineage differentiation. This review summarizes recent studies identifying the location and regulators of mouse and human epidermal stem cells and highlights the strategies used to identify cancer stem cells, including expression of normal epidermal stem cell markers, expression of cancer stem cell markers identified in other epidermal tumours and characterization of side-population tumour cells.

Theoretical and experimental EPR and optical studies of [Cu(1-meim){sub 4}(H{sub 2}O)]·2Cl·H{sub 2}O single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yıldırım, İlkay, E-mail: iyildirim@biruni.edu.tr [Biruni University, Department of Radiotherapy, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul (Turkey); Çelik, Yunus, E-mail: yunus.celik@omu.edu.tr [Ondokuz Mayıs University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Samsun (Turkey); Karabulut, Bünyamin, E-mail: bbulut@omu.edu.tr [Ondokuz Mayıs University, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun (Turkey)

2016-03-25

[Cu(1-meim){sub 4}(H{sub 2}O)]·2Cl·H{sub 2}O (1-meim: 1-methylimidazole) complex has been investigated by EPR and UV techniques. EPR spectra of [Cu(1-meim){sub 4}(H{sub 2}O)]·2Cl·H{sub 2}O single crystal have been studied at room temperature. The spin Hamiltonian parameters (g and hyperfine (A) values) have been calculated. The results indicate the rhombic symmetry around the paramagnetic Cu{sup 2+} center. The perturbation approach has been applied to spin Hamiltonian to calculate the g and A values theoretically. Crystal field parameters were also obtained both experimentally and theoretically. Using both types of spectroscopic techniques the molecular bonding coefficients were calculated. The consistency of results with some other studies was reached.

Single and double-layer composite microwave absorbers with hexaferrite BaZn{sub 0.6}Zr{sub 0.3}X{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 10.8}O{sub 19} (X = Ti, Ce, Sn) powders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Afghahi, Seyyed Salman Seyyed [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Jafarian, Mojtaba, E-mail: m.jafarian@srbiau.ac.ir [Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Atassi, Yomen [Department of Applied Physics, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus (Syrian Arab Republic); Stergiou, Charalampos A. [Lab. of Inorganic Materials, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thermi (Greece)

2017-01-15

In the present study, substituted barium hexaferrites with the composition BaZn{sub 0.6}Zr{sub 0.3} × {sub 0.3}Fe{sub 10.8}O{sub 19} (where X = Ti, Ce, Sn) are prepared with the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and network analysis techniques are used to analyze the crystal phases, morphology, static magnetic and microwave absorption properties, respectively. Based on the recorded results, barium hexaferrite is the major phase obtained after milling of the powders for 20 h, followed by calcination at 1000 °C for 5 h. The morphology of the particles of the substituted ferrite samples is plate-like with hexagonal shape. The microwave absorption in the X-band of epoxy composites loaded with the ferrite fillers, either separately, in pairs or all together, has been extensively investigated. Multicomponent composites filled with the new hexaferrites under study are promising candidates for electromagnetic absorbers in the 8–12 GHz range. It is found that single-layer absorbers of 5 mm thickness with 45 wt% of a binary (Sn and Ti-doped hexaferrite) or ternary filler mixture exhibit the maximum bandwidth of 2.7 GHz at the level of −10 dB or maximum losses of 26.4 dB at 10.8 GHz, respectively. - Highlights: • Preparation of substituted hexaferrites via mechanical activation. • We designed a broad band microwave absorber with mixing powders. • We designed single layer absorber with RL{sub min} = −26.4 dB and 1.6 GHz bandwidth. • We designed double layer absorbers, as monoband absorbers at a matching frequency.

Neonatal hyperthyroidism impairs epinephrine-provoked secretion of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in mouse saliva.

Science.gov (United States)

Lakshmanan, J; Landel, C P

1986-07-01

We examined long-term effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism on salivary secretions of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in male and female mice at the age of 31 days. Hyperthyroidism was induced by thyroxine (T4) injections (0.4 microgram/g body weight/day) during days 0-6. Littermate control mice were treated with vehicle. T4 treatment did not alter the amounts of protein secreted into saliva but hormone administration induced alteration in the types of protein secreted. T4 treatment decreased the contents of both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor secreted into the saliva. A Sephadex G-200 column chromatographic profile revealed the presence of two distinct nerve growth factor immunoreactive peaks, while epidermal growth factor immunoreactivity predominantly eluted as a single low molecular weight form. T4 treatment did not alter the molecular nature of their secretion, but the treatment decreased their contents. These results indicate an impairment in salivary secretion of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor long after T4 treatment has been discontinued.

Relaxation dynamics of lead-free (Na{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3}–BaTiO{sub 3} single crystals studied by Brillouin scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Byoung Wan [Department of Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo 24252 (Korea, Republic of); Ko, Jae-Hyeon, E-mail: hwangko@hallym.ac.kr [Department of Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo 24252 (Korea, Republic of); Li, Xiaobing; Luo, Haosu [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 (China)

2016-10-01

The acoustic properties of 0.95(Na{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2})TiO{sub 3}–0.05BaTiO{sub 3} (NBT–0.05BT) single crystals were investigated in a hypersonic frequency range and compared to those of archetypal relaxor Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3} (PMN). Temperature dependences of the Brillouin frequency shift of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) mode, as well as its half width, of NBT–5%BT and PMN exhibited diffuse and broad anomalies over a wide temperature range, which were related to the softening of the sound velocity and substantial increase in the hypersonic damping toward the dielectric maximum temperature. These broad acoustic anomalies of unpoled NBT–0.05BT suggest the existence of noncentrosymmetric polar nanoregions in the paraelectric phase which do not evolve into a long-range ferroelectric order. The calculated relaxation times of NBT–0.05BT exhibited much longer values compared to those of PMN, which suggests that the size of polar nanoregions of NBT–0.05BT is larger than that of PMN.

Extending a structural model of somatization to South Koreans: Cultural values, somatization tendency, and the presentation of depressive symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Xiaolu; Min, Seongho; Sun, Jiahong; Kim, Se Joo; Ahn, Joung-Sook; Peng, Yunshi; Noh, Samuel; Ryder, Andrew G

2015-05-01

Somatization refers to the tendency to emphasize somatic symptoms when experiencing a psychiatric disturbance. This tendency has been widely reported in patients from East Asian cultural contexts suffering from depression. Recent research in two Chinese samples have demonstrated that the local cultural script for depression, involving two aspects-the experience and expression of distress (EED) and conceptualization and communication of distress (CCD)-can be evoked to help explain somatization. Given the beliefs and practices broadly shared across Chinese and South Korean cultural contexts, the current study seeks to replicate this explanatory model in South Koreans. Our sample included 209 psychiatric outpatients from Seoul and Wonju, South Korea. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess somatization tendency, adherence to traditional values, and psychological and somatic symptoms of depression. Results from SEM showed that the EED and CCD factors of somatization tendency were differently associated with cultural values and somatic symptoms, replicating our previous findings in Chinese outpatients. The reliance on a brief self-report measure of somatization tendency, not originally designed to assess separate EED and CCD factors, highlights the need for measurement tools for the assessment of cultural scripts in cross-cultural depression research. The replication of the Chinese structural model of somatization in South Korea lends empirical support to the view that somatization can be understood as the consequence of specific cultural scripts. These scripts involve the experience and expression of distress as well as culturally meaningful ways in which this distress is conceptualized and communicated to others. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Extraction of high-quality epidermal RNA after ammonium thiocyanate-induced dermo-epidermal separation of 4 mm human skin biopsies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clemmensen, Anders; Thomassen, Mads; Clemmensen, Ole

2009-01-01

To obtain a separation of the epidermal and dermal compartments to examine compartment specific biological mechanisms in the skin, we incubated 4 mm human skin punch biopsies in ammonium thiocyanate. We wanted to test (i) the histological quality of the dermo-epidermal separation obtained...... by different incubation times; (ii) the amount and quality of extractable epidermal RNA and (iii) its impact on sample RNA expression profiles assessed by large-scale gene expression microarray analysis in both normal and inflamed skin. At 30-min incubation, the split between dermis and epidermis...... and almost completely separated from the dermis of 4 mm skin biopsies by 30 min incubation in 3.8% ammonium thiocyanate combined with curettage of the dermal surface, producing high-quality RNA suitable for transcriptional analysis. Our refined method of dermo-epidermal separation will undoubtedly prove...

Cation composition and oxygen content dependence of crystal structure and T sub c for Tl sub 2 sub - sub x Ba sub 2 Ca sub 2 Cu sub 3 sub + sub z O sub y

CERN Document Server

Idemoto, Y; Koura, N; Kamiyama, T; Oikawa, K; Izumi, F

2003-01-01

Tl sub 2 sub - sub x Ba sub 2 Ca sub 2 Cu sub 3 sub + sub z O sub y (Tl-2223 system) superconducting oxides with various Tl contents and Cu contents were prepared. We investigated the relation between crystal structure and superconducting property dependence of Tl and Cu content. First, we obtained an almost single-phase material at a Tl content 2-x = 1.7 and the Tl-2223 phase remained the main phase in the region of 2 - x >= 0.631 of Tl sub 2 sub - sub x Ba sub 2 Ca sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub y. T sub c was about 120 K for the Tl-2223 in a wide range of 0.631 <= 2 - x <= 1.761. Second, we obtained a single-phase at 2 - x = 1.777 and Cu content 3 + z = 3.284 of Tl sub 2 sub - sub x Ba sub 2 Ca sub 2 Cu sub 3 sub + sub z O sub y. The T sub c (zero) dependence of Cu/Tl ratio, showed a maximum value of 122 K at Cu/Tl ratio = 2.026. Based on results of crystal structure refinements by powder neutron diffraction, it was found that the change in bond length and angle dependence of average Cu valence were similar fo...

Green synthesis of soya bean sprouts-mediated superparamagnetic Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cai Yan [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039 (China); Shen Yuhua, E-mail: s_yuhua@163.co [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Xie Anjian, E-mail: anjx@163.co [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Li Shikuo; Wang Xiufang [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039 (China)

2010-10-15

Superparamagnetic Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were first synthesized via soya bean sprouts (SBS) templates under ambient temperature and normal atmosphere. The reaction process was simple, eco-friendly, and convenient to handle. The morphology and crystalline phase of the nanoparticles were determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The effect of SBS template on the formation of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles was investigated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicate that spherical Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8 nm simultaneously formed on the epidermal surface and the interior stem wall of SBS. The SBS are responsible for size and morphology control during the whole formation of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. In addition, the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) results indicate the products are superparamagnetic at room temperature, with blocking temperature (T{sub B}) of 150 K and saturation magnetization of 37.1 emu/g.

Dye sensitized solar cell applications of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite thin films deposited from single molecular complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ehsan, Muhammad Ali [Nanotechnology and Catalysis Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Khaledi, Hamid [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Pandikumar, Alagarsamy; Huang, Nay Ming [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Arifin, Zainudin [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Mazhar, Muhammad, E-mail: mazhar42pk@yahoo.com [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

2015-10-15

A heterobimetallic complex [Cd{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}(μ-O){sub 6}(TFA){sub 8}(THF){sub 6}]·1.5THF (1) (TFA=trifluoroacetato, THF=tetrahydrofuran) comprising of Cd:Ti (1:2) ratio was synthesized by a chemical reaction of cadmium (II) acetate with titanium (IV) isopropoxide and triflouroacetic acid in THF. The stoichiometry of (1) was recognized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and elemental analyses. Thermal studies revealed that (1) neatly decomposes at 450 °C to furnish 1:1 ratio of cadmium titanate:titania composite oxides material. The thin films of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite oxides were deposited at 550 °C on fluorine doped tin oxide coated conducting glass substrate in air ambient. The micro-structure, crystallinity, phase identification and chemical composition of microspherical architectured CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite thin film have been determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The scope of composite thin film having band gap of 3.1 eV was explored as photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell application. - Graphical abstarct: Microspherical designed CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite oxides photoanode film has been fabricated from single source precursor [Cd{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}(μ-O){sub 6}(TFA){sub 8}(THF){sub 6}]·1.5THF via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique for dye sensitized solar cell application. - Highlights: • Synthesis and characterization of a heterobimetallic Cd–Ti complex. • Fabrication of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} thin film photoelectrode. • Application as dye sensitized photoanode for solar application.

Large theoretical thermoelectric power factor of suspended single-layer MoS{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Babaei, Hasan, E-mail: babaei@illinois.edu, E-mail: babaei@auburn.edu [Mechanical Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-2906 (United States); Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5341 (United States); Khodadadi, J. M. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5341 (United States); Sinha, Sanjiv [Mechanical Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-2906 (United States)

2014-11-10

We have calculated the semi-classical thermoelectric power factor of suspended single-layer (SL)- MoS{sub 2} utilizing electron relaxation times derived from ab initio calculations. Measurements of the thermoelectric power factor of SL-MoS{sub 2} on substrates reveal poor power factors. In contrast, we find the thermoelectric power factor of suspended SL-MoS{sub 2} to peak at ∼2.8 × 10{sup 4} μW/m K{sup 2} at 300 K, at an electron concentration of 10{sup 12} cm{sup −2}. This figure is higher than that in bulk Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, for example. Given its relatively high thermal conductivity, suspended SL-MoS{sub 2} may hold promise for in-plane thin-film Peltier coolers, provided reasonable mobilities can be realized.

Constructing MnO{sub 2}/single crystalline ZnO nanorod hybrids with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu, Weiwei [College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114 (China); Liu, Tiangui, E-mail: tianguiliu@gmail.com [College of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Cao, Shiyi; Wang, Chen [College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114 (China); Chen, Chuansheng, E-mail: 1666423158@qq.com [College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114 (China)

2016-07-15

In order to improve the photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanorods, ZnO nanorods decorated with MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles (MnO{sub 2}/ZnO nanorod hybrids) were prepared by using microwave assisted coprecipitation method under the influence of hydrogen peroxide, and the structure, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial property of the products were studied. Experimental results indicated that MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles are decorated on the surface of single crystalline ZnO nanorods. Moreover, the resultant MnO{sub 2}/ZnO nanorod hybrids have been proven to possess good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity, which their degradated efficiency for Rhodamin B (RhB) is twice as the pure ZnO nanorods. Enhancement for photocatalytic and antibacterial activity is mainly attributed to the low band gap energy and excellent electrochemical properties of MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles. - Graphical abstract: The MnO{sub 2}/single crystalline ZnO nanorods hybrids, which MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of ZnO nanorods, were prepared by the step-by-step precipitation method under the assistance of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Display Omitted - Highlights: • MnO{sub 2}/ZnO nanorod hybrids were prepared by the step-by-step assembly method. • Single crystalline ZnO nanorods can be decorated by MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles. • MnO{sub 2}/ZnO nanorod hybrids possess good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. • MnO{sub 2} can improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods under visible light.

Low temperature time resolved photoluminescence in ordered and disordered Cu{sub 2}ZnSnS{sub 4} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raadik, Taavi, E-mail: taavi.raadik@ttu.ee [Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Krustok, Jüri; Kauk-Kuusik, M.; Timmo, K.; Grossberg, M. [Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Ernits, K. [crystalsol OÜ, Akadeemia tee 15a, 12618 Tallinn (Estonia); Bleuse, J. [CEA-CNRS-UGA group “Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs”, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-PHELIQS, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, CNRS, PLUM, F-38000 Grenoble (France)

2017-03-01

In this work we performed time-resolved micro-photoluminescence (TRPL) studies of Cu{sub 2}ZnSnS{sub 4} (CZTS) single crystals grown in molten KI salt. The order/disorder degree of CZTS was varied by the thermal post treatment temperature. Photoluminescence spectra measured at T=8 K showed an asymmetric band with a peak position of 1.33 eV and 1.27 eV for partially ordered and disordered structures, respectively. Thermal activation energies were found to be E{sub T} {sub (PO)} =65±9 meV for partially ordered and E{sub T(PD)} =27±4 meV for partially disordered. These low activation energy values indicating to the defect cluster recombination model for both partially ordered and disordered structures. TRPL was measured for both crystals and their decay curves were fitted with a stretched exponential function, in order to describe the charge carriers’ recombination dynamics at low temperature.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis successfully treated with etanercept.

Science.gov (United States)

Gubinelli, Emanuela; Canzona, Flora; Tonanzi, Tiziano; Raskovic, Desanka; Didona, Biagio

2009-03-01

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and acute severe adverse reaction to drugs, characterised by massive apoptosis and widespread epidermal and mucosal detachment. Although no gold standard therapy exists, human i.v. immunoglobulins have recently been described as an effective treatment for this disease. We report a case of phenobarbital-induced TEN in a 59-year-old white woman where the epidermal detachment stopped 48 h after beginning the etanercept treatment with complete healing after 20 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of TEN successfully treated with etanercept.

Single phase in Ba-dopped Bi-based high-T/sub c/ compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rehman, M.A.; Maqsood, A.

2001-01-01

Ba-doped, Bi-based, high-Tc superconductor was prepared by a solid state reaction method. The nominal composition used was Bi/sub 1.6/Pb/sub 0.4/Sr/sub 1.6/Ba/sub 0.4/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/. The samples were characterized by dc electrical resistivity and ac magnetic susceptibility both as a function of temperature (T). Room temperature x-ray diffraction studies were also done. Binder chemicals do affect the properties of the samples and it was observed that samples prepared with polyvinyl alcohol binder chemical showed good reproducible results. All the Above measurements showed that in the compound Bi/sub 1.6/Pb/sub 0.4/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ there exists a single high-T/sub c/ phase with T/sub c.0≅/109 plus minus 1K. It behaves like an ideal metal before the superconducting transition in ρ-T plot and the Mathiessen's rule could be fitted. The ac susceptibility measurements support the observations of electrical resistivity. The lattice constants of the material are a=5.416(7) degree A, b=5.455(6) degree A, and c=37.26(8) degree A. The c-axis lattice constant slightly increased with Ba-doping. This fact indicated that Ba was probably incorporated into the Sr site of the crystal structure. Large sized samples (Diameter '28mm and length' 11mm) are under investigation for thermal transport properties by transient Plane Source (TPS) method. (author)

Growth and characterization of InP/In{sub 0.48}Ga{sub 0.52}P quantum dots optimized for single-photon emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ugur, Asli

2012-08-28

In this work the growth of self-assembled InP/InGaP quantum dots, as well as their optical and structural properties are presented and discussed. The QDs were grown on In{sub 0.48}Ga{sub 0.52}P, lattice matched to GaAs. Self-assembled InP quantum dots are grown using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy over a wide range of InP deposition rates, using an ultra-low growth rate of about 0.01 atomic monolayers/s, a quantum-dot density of 1 dot/μm{sup 2} is realized. The resulting isolated InP quantum dots are individually characterized without the need for lithographical patterning and masks on the substrate. Both excitonic and biexcitonic emissions are observed from single dots, appearing as doublets with a fine-structure splitting of 320 μeV. Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlation measurements for the excitonic emission under cw excitation show anti-bunching behavior with an autocorrelation value of g{sup (2)}(0)=0.2. This system is applicable as a single-photon source for applications such as quantum cryptography. The formation of well-ordered chains of InP quantum dots on GaAs (001) substrates by using self-organized In{sub 0.48}Ga{sub 0.52}P surface undulations as a template is also demonstrated. The ordering requires neither stacked layers of quantum dots nor substrate misorientation. The structures are investigated by polarization-dependent photoluminescence together with transmission electron microscopy. Luminescence from the In{sub 0.48}Ga{sub 0.52}P matrix is polarized in one crystallographic direction due to anisotropic strain arising from a lateral compositional modulation. The photoluminescence measurements show enhanced linear polarization in the alignment direction of quantum dots. A polarization degree of 66% is observed. The optical anisotropy is achieved with a straightforward heterostructure, requiring only a single layer of QDs.

Somatic symptom profiles in the general population

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Eliasen, Marie; Jørgensen, Torben; Schröder, Andreas

2017-01-01

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify and describe somatic symptom profiles in the general adult population in order to enable further epidemiological research within multiple somatic symptoms. METHODS: Information on 19 self-reported common somatic symptoms was achieved from a population...

Enhanced photoactivity from single-crystalline SrTaO{sub 2}N nanoplates synthesized by topotactic nitridation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fu, Jie; Skrabalak, Sara E. [Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN (United States)

2017-11-06

There are few methods yielding oxynitride crystals with defined shape, yet shape-controlled crystals often give enhanced photoactivity. Herein, single-crystalline SrTaO{sub 2}N nanoplates and polyhedra are achieved selectively. Central to these synthetic advances is the crystallization pathways used, in which single-crystalline SrTaO{sub 2}N nanoplates form by topotactic nitridation of aerosol-prepared Sr{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 7} nanoplates and SrTaO{sub 2}N polyhedra form by flux-assisted nitridation of the nanoplates. Evaluation of these materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) showed improved performance for the SrTaO{sub 2}N nanoplates, with a record apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 6.1 % for OER compared to the polyhedra (AQE: 1.6 %) and SrTaO{sub 2}N polycrystals (AQE: 0.6 %). The enhanced performance from the nanoplates arises from their morphology and lower defect density. These results highlight the importance of developing new synthetic routes to high quality oxynitrides. (copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Direct somatic embryogenesis in Swietenia macrophylla King

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Collado

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Swietenia macrophylla King is difficult to be propagated by tissue culture and there is not an efficient system via organogenesis, due to problems of microbial contamination, phenolic oxidation and death of tissue in the phase of in vitro establishment of explants. In order to establish a protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, zygotic embryos were used as initial plant material. Three combinations of 2,4-D with kinetin were studied, to obtain the formation of somatic embryos. After six weeks of culture, the number of explants with high and low somatic embryogenesis frequency were determined. So that the somatic embryos in globular stage reach the final stages of torpedo and cotyledonal, these were placed in three treatments with 6-BAP (0.2, 0.4 y 0.6 mg.l-1. The number of somatic embryos that reached the torpedo and cotyledonal stages were evaluated after 30 days of culture. Results demonstrated that direct somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos is obtained in the culture medium composed by MS salts with 4.0 mg.l-1 of 2,4-D and 1.0 mg.l-1 of kinetin. Higher percentage of somatic embryos in cotiledonal stage (91.7 %, was obtained with 0.4 mg.l-1 of 6-BAP. Key word: forestry, growth regulator, mahogany, somatic embryo, tissue culture

MMPI screening scales for somatization disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Wetzel, R D; Brim, J; Guze, S B; Cloninger, C R; Martin, R L; Clayton, P J

1999-08-01

44 items on the MMPI were identified which appear to correspond to some of the symptoms in nine of the 10 groups on the Perley-Guze checklist for somatization disorder (hysteria). This list was organized into two scales, one reflecting the total number of symptoms endorsed and the other the number of organ systems with at least one endorsed symptom. Full MMPIs were then obtained from 29 women with primary affective disorder and 37 women with somatization disorder as part of a follow-up study of a consecutive series of 500 psychiatric clinic patients seen at Washington University. Women with the diagnosis of somatization disorder scored significantly higher on the somatization disorder scales created from the 44 items than did women with only major depression. These new scales appeared to be slightly more effective in identifying somatization disorder than the use of the standard MMPI scales for hypochondriasis and hysteria. Further development is needed.

Spatiotemporal Expression of p63 in Mouse Epidermal Commitment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qian Zhao

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The embryonic surface ectoderm is a simple flat epithelium consisting of cells that express the cytokeratins K8/K18. Before stratification, K5/K14 expression substitutes K8/K18 expression, marking the event called epidermal commitment. Previous studies show that the transcription factor p63 plays an essential role in epidermal commitment. However, detailed expression information of p63 during early epidermal development in mice is still unclear. We systematically studied the expression pattern of p63 in mouse epidermal commitment, together with K8 and K5. We show that p63 expression could be detected as early as E8.5 in mouse embryos preceding epidermal commitment. p63 expression first appears near the newly formed somites and the posterior part of the embryo, further expanding to the whole embryonic surface with particular enrichment in the first branchial arches and the limb buds. ΔNp63 is the major class of isoforms expressed in this period. Relative expression intensity of p63 depends on the embryonic position. In summary, there is a sequential and regular expression pattern of K8, p63 and K5 in mouse epidermal commitment. Our study not only contributes to understanding the early events during epidermal development but also provides a basal tool to study the function of p63 in mammals.

Low-field dc magnetization investigations in a Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} single crystal: observation of a magnetic phase transition at the vortex melting line

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Revaz, B. [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique de la Matiere Condensee; Triscone, G. [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique de la Matiere Condensee; Fabrega, L. [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique de la Matiere Condensee; Junod, A. [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique de la Matiere Condensee; Muller, J. [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique de la Matiere Condensee

1996-03-20

The mixed-state magnetization M(H parallel c, T) of a Bi-2212 single crystal has been investigated with high resolution using a SQUID magnetometer. In the high-temperature region (50 K < T < T{sub c} = 80.2 K), we found that the slope {partial_derivative}M/{partial_derivative}H vertical stroke {sub T} vs. H shows a positive step at H{sub trans}(T) {approx} H{sub 0} x (1 - T/T{sub c}){sup n} with H{sub 0} = 2340 Oe and n = 1.28. This observation is compatible with a first-order phase transition with a distribution of internal fields, and is attributed to the melting of the 3D vortex lattice. The estimated entropy jump is 1 k{sub B}/vortex/layer CuO. However, when T is lower than 50 K, we observe radical changes in M(H); the 3D melting line divides into a decoupling line at a temperature-independent field and the onset of the irreversibility. (orig.).

Personality characteristics in patients with somatized disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ekaterina Anatolyevna Tolkach

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: to study personality characteristics, behavioral style, and modes of relations with their people in patients with somatized disorder. Subjects and methods. Eighty-six patients diagnosed as having somatized disorder were examined using Leary's interpersonal diagnosis system. Results. The author revealed the following personality characteristics and behavioral styles: a depressed need for authoritarianism, dominance, autonomy, aggressiveness, a display of qualities, such as superfriendliness, benevolence, submissiveness, dependency, and suspiciousness. These characteristics give an insight into the development of somatization in patients with somatized disorder.

Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8}: A modulated variant of the Er{sub 4}Pt{sub 9}Al{sub 24}-structure type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oswald, Iain W.H. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States); Gourdon, Olivier [Research and Development, ZS Pharma, Coppell, TX 75109 (United States); Bekins, Amy; Evans, Jess [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 (United States); Treadwell, LaRico J. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States); Chan, Julia Y., E-mail: Julia.Chan@utdallas.edu [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States); Macaluso, Robin T., E-mail: robin.macaluso@uta.edu [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 (United States); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639 (United States)

2016-10-15

Single crystals of Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8} were synthesized in a molten Ga flux. Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8} can be considered to be a modulated variant of the Er{sub 4}Pt{sub 9}Al{sub 24}-structure type, where the partial occupancies are ordered. Indeed, the presence of weak satellite reflections indicates a complex organization and distribution of the Er and Ga atoms within the [ErGa] slabs. The structure has been solved based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data in the monoclinic superspace group X2/m(0β0)00 with a commensurate modulated vector q=1/3b*. Precession images also indicate diffusion in the perpendicular direction indicating a partial disorder of this arrangement from layer to layer. In addition, Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8} shows antiferromagnetic ordering at T{sub N}~5 K. - Graphical abstract: A precession image of the hk0 zone showing weak, periodic, unindexed reflections indicating modulation and representation of the commensurate [ErGa] layer showing the waving modulated occupation. - Highlights: • Single crystals of Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8} were grown from gallium flux. • The structure of Er{sub 1.33}Pt{sub 3}Ga{sub 8} is compared to Er{sub 4}Pt{sub 9}Al{sub 24}. • Structure has been solved in the monoclinic superspace group X2/m(0β0)00 with a commensurate modulated vector q=1/3b*.

Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene to Styrene on Pre-C{sub x}H{sub y}- and C-Covered Cu(111) Single Crystal Catalysts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sohn, Young Ku [Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan (Korea, Republic of); Wei, Wei; White, John M. [The University of Texas at Austin, Texas (United States)

2011-05-15

Thermal hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (PA, C{sub 8}H{sub 6}) to styrene (C{sub 8}H{sub 8}) on pre-C{sub x}H{sub y}- and C-covered Cu(111) single crystal substrates has been studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) mass spectrometry. Chemisorbed PA with an acetylene group has been proved to be associated with hydrogen of pre-adsorbed C{sub x}H{sub y} to form styrene (104 amu) on Cu surface. For the parent (PA) mass (102 amu) TPD profile, the TPD peaks at 360 K and 410 K are assigned to chemisorbed vertically aligned PA and flat-lying cross-bridged PA, respectively (J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 5101). The relative I{sub 360K}/I{sub 410K} TPD ratio dramatically increases with increasing pre-adsorbed C{sub x}H{sub y} before dosing PA, while the ratio does not increase for pre-C-covered surface. For PA on pre-C{sub x}H{sub y}-covered Cu(111) surface, styrene desorption is enhanced relative to the parent PA desorption, while styrene formation is dramatically quenched on pre-C-covered (lack of adsorbed hydrogen nearby) surface. It appears that only cross-bridged PA associates with adsorbed hydrogen to form styrene that promptly desorbs at 410 K, while vertically aligned PA is less likely to participate in forming styrene.

Disorder- and correlation-induced charge carriers localization in oxyborate MgFeBO{sub 4}, Mg{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.5}FeBO{sub 4}, CoFeBO{sub 4} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knyazev, Yu.V. [Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Kazak, N.V., E-mail: nat@iph.krasn.ru [Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Platunov, M.S. [Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Ivanova, N.B. [Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Bezmaternykh, L.N. [Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Arauzo, A. [Servicio de Medidas Físicas, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Bartolomé, J. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Ovchinnikov, S.G. [Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Kirensky Institute of Physics, 660036 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Siberian State Aerospace University, 660014 Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation)

2015-09-05

Highlights: • The electrical resistance of the single crystalline warwickites has been measured. • The temperature-induced changes in the charge transfer mechanisms have been found. • The microscopic parameters of the electronic structure have been determined. • The studied warwickites have been classified as disordered correlated systems. • The Co substitution was found to lead to the weakening of the localization. - Abstract: The temperature dependence of the resistivity of single crystalline Mg{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}FeBO{sub 4} samples with x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 is investigated for the temperature range (210–400 K). The conduction was found to be governed by Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) in the low-temperature range (T = 210–270 K) and by thermo-activation mechanism in the high-temperature range (T = 280–400 K). Microscopic electronic parameters, such as the density of the localized states near the Fermi level, localization length, the hopping length, and the activation energy have been obtained. The change of the activation energy observed at high-temperature range was attributed to local structure distortions around Fe and Co atoms. The complicated behavior of charge transfer mechanisms is discussed based on two approaches: atomic disorder and electron correlations.

Replication of somatic micronuclei in bovine enucleated oocytes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Canel Natalia

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT was developed to introduce a low number of chromosomes into a host cell. We have designed a novel technique combining part of MMCT with somatic cell nuclear transfer, which consists of injecting a somatic micronucleus into an enucleated oocyte, and inducing its cellular machinery to replicate such micronucleus. It would allow the isolation and manipulation of a single or a low number of somatic chromosomes. Methods Micronuclei from adult bovine fibroblasts were produced by incubation in 0.05 μg/ml demecolcine for 46 h followed by 2 mg/ml mitomycin for 2 h. Cells were finally treated with 10 μg/ml cytochalasin B for 1 h. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were mechanically enucleated and intracytoplasmatically injected with one somatic micronucleus, which had been previously exposed [Micronucleus- injected (+] or not [Micronucleus- injected (−] to a transgene (50 ng/μl pCX-EGFP during 5 min. Enucleated oocytes [Enucleated (+] and parthenogenetic [Parthenogenetic (+] controls were injected into the cytoplasm with less than 10 pl of PVP containing 50 ng/μl pCX-EGFP. A non-injected parthenogenetic control [Parthenogenetic (−] was also included. Two hours after injection, oocytes and reconstituted embryos were activated by incubation in 5 μM ionomycin for 4 min + 1.9 mM 6-DMAP for 3 h. Cleavage stage and egfp expression were evaluated. DNA replication was confirmed by DAPI staining. On day 2, Micronucleus- injected (−, Parthenogenetic (− and in vitro fertilized (IVF embryos were karyotyped. Differences among treatments were determined by Fisher′s exact test (p≤0.05. Results All the experimental groups underwent the first cell divisions. Interestingly, a low number of Micronucleus-injected embryos showed egfp expression. DAPI staining confirmed replication of micronuclei in most of the evaluated embryos. Karyotype analysis revealed that all Micronucleus-injected embryos had

Local study of the Mg{sub 1-x}Al{sub x}B{sub 2} single crystals by scanning tunneling spectroscopy in magnetic field up to 3 Tesla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giubileo, F. [CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SUPERMAT, Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R. Caianiello' , Universita degli Studi di Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA (Italy)], E-mail: giubileo@sa.infn.it; Bobba, F.; Scarfato, A.; Cucolo, A.M. [CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SUPERMAT, Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R. Caianiello' , Universita degli Studi di Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA (Italy); Kohen, A.; Roditchev, D. [Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, Universite P. et M. Curie Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 75-88, Paris (France); Zhigadlo, N.D.; Karpinski, J. [Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)

2008-04-01

We have performed local tunneling spectroscopy on high quality Mg{sub 1-x}Al{sub x}B{sub 2} single crystals by means of variable temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy in magnetic field up to 3 Tesla. Single gap conductance spectra due to c-axis tunneling were extensively measured, probing different amplitudes of the three-dimensional {delta}{sub {pi}} as a function of Al content (i.e. as a function of the critical temperature T{sub C}). Temperature and magnetic field dependences of the conductance spectra were studied in S-I-N configuration: the effect of the doping resulted in a monotonous reduction of the locally measured T{sub C} down to 24 K for x = 0.2. The magnetic field dependence was studied in a local way: An estimation for upper critical field H{sub c2} was inferred from the evolution of the tunneling spectra with the field perpendicular to the sample surface, for different doping levels. The high spatial resolution of the STS technique allowed us to evidence possible non-homogeneities of the superconducting properties on the sample surface with variation of in the same sample depending on different local levels of doping. The locally measured upper critical field resulted to vary for different dopings, and the maximum value H{sub c2}{approx_equal}3T was found for samples with T{sub C}=33 K. The evolution of the density of states (DOS) was found to be characterized by two distinct regimes separated by a crossover region. Our results indicate a rapid suppression of the intrinsic term in {pi}-band superconductivity for 0 T < B < 0.5 T. At high fields (0.8 T < B < 3 T) the superconductivity in the {pi}-band survives uniquely due to the coupling to the {sigma}-band. The shape of tunneling spectra suggests an important role played by the quasiparticle inter-band scattering.

Tight junction regulates epidermal calcium ion gradient and differentiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurasawa, Masumi; Maeda, Tetsuo; Oba, Ai; Yamamoto, Takuya; Sasaki, Hiroyuki

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → We disrupted epidermal tight junction barrier in reconstructed epidermis. → It altered Ca 2+ distribution and consequentially differentiation state as well. → Tight junction should affect epidermal homeostasis by maintaining Ca 2+ gradient. -- Abstract: It is well known that calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) induce keratinocyte differentiation. Ca 2+ distributes to form a vertical gradient that peaks at the stratum granulosum. It is thought that the stratum corneum (SC) forms the Ca 2+ gradient since it is considered the only permeability barrier in the skin. However, the epidermal tight junction (TJ) in the granulosum has recently been suggested to restrict molecular movement to assist the SC as a secondary barrier. The objective of this study was to clarify the contribution of the TJ to Ca 2+ gradient and epidermal differentiation in reconstructed human epidermis. When the epidermal TJ barrier was disrupted by sodium caprate treatment, Ca 2+ flux increased and the gradient changed in ion-capture cytochemistry images. Alterations of ultrastructures and proliferation/differentiation markers revealed that both hyperproliferation and precocious differentiation occurred regionally in the epidermis. These results suggest that the TJ plays a crucial role in maintaining epidermal homeostasis by controlling the Ca 2+ gradient.

Somatic tinnitus prevalence and treatment with tinnitus retraining therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ostermann, K; Lurquin, P; Horoi, M; Cotton, P; Hervé, V; Thill, M P

2016-01-01

Somatic tinnitus originates from increased activity of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, a cross-point between the somatic and auditory systems. Its activity can be modified by auditory stimulation or somatic system manipulation. Thus, sound enrichment and white noise stimulation might decrease tinnitus and associated somatic symptoms. The present uncontrolled study sought to determine somatic tinnitus prevalence among tinnitus sufferers, and to investigate whether sound therapy with counselling (tinnitus retraining therapy; TRT) may decrease tinnitus-associated somatic symptoms. To determine somatic tinnitus prevalence, 70 patients following the TRT protocol completed the Jastreboff Structured Interview (JSI) with additional questions regarding the presence and type of somatic symptoms. Among 21 somatic tinnitus patients, we further investigated the effects of TRT on tinnitus-associated facial dysesthesia. Before and after three months of TRT, tinnitus severity was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and facial dysesthesia was assessed with an extended JSI-based questionnaire. Among the evaluated tinnitus patients, 56% presented somatic tinnitus-including 51% with facial dysesthesia, 36% who could modulate tinnitus by head and neck movements, and 13% with both conditions. Self-evaluation indicated that TRT significantly improved tinnitus and facial dysesthesia in 76% of patients. Three months of TRT led to a 50% decrease in mean THI and JSI scores regarding facial dysesthesia. Somatic tinnitus is a frequent and underestimated condition. We suggest an extension of the JSI, including specific questions regarding somatic tinnitus. TRT significantly improved tinnitus and accompanying facial dysesthesia, and could be a useful somatic tinnitus treatment.

The Role of Somatic Symptoms in Sexual Medicine: Somatization as Important Contextual Factor in Male Sexual Dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Fanni, Egidia; Castellini, Giovanni; Corona, Giovanni; Boddi, Valentina; Ricca, Valdo; Rastrelli, Giulia; Fisher, Alessandra Daphne; Cipriani, Sarah; Maggi, Mario

2016-09-01

An important feature of somatic symptom disorder is the subjective perception of the physical symptoms and its maladaptive interpretation. Considering that psychological distress is often expressed through somatic symptoms, it is possible that they underlie at least a part of the symptoms in subjects complaining of sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, studies on the impact of somatoform disorders in sexual dysfunction are scanty. To define the psychological, relational, and organic correlates of somatic symptoms in a large sample of patients complaining of sexual problems. A consecutive series of 2833 men (mean age 50.2 ± 13.5 years) was retrospectively studied. Somatic symptoms were assessed using the "somatized anxiety symptoms" subscale of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ-S). Several clinical, biochemical, psychological, and relational parameters were studied. Patients were interviewed with the previously validated Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY), and ANDROTEST (a structured interview for the screening of hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction). Among the 2833 patients studied, subjects scoring higher on somatic symptoms were older, more obese, reporting unhealthy lifestyle (current smoking, alcohol consumption), and a lower education (all P sexuality more often, including erectile problems (spontaneous or sexual-related), low sexual desire, decreased frequency of intercourse, and perceived reduction of ejaculate volume (all P sexual dysfunction. High levels of somatic symptoms in subjects with sexual dysfunction can be related to the sexual symptom itself. The consequences of this pattern have great clinical relevance in a sexual medicine setting, considering their severe impact on sexuality. Copyright © 2016 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects on mitochondrial metabolism in livers of guinea pigs after a single or repeated injection of As sub 2 O sub 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reichl, F.X.; Kreppel, H.; Forth, W. (Muenchen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Walter-Straub-Institut fuer Pharmakologie und Toxikologie); Szinicz, L. (Akademie des Sanitaets- und Gesundheitswesens der Bundeswehr, Muenchen (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Pharmakologie und Toxikologie)

1989-09-01

Differences in the metabolite pattern were observed in previous experiments in guinea pig livers after a single injection or prolonged (5 days) treatment with AS{sub 2}O{sub 3} (Reichl et al. 1988). To elucidate the underlying mechanism the effect of As{sub 2}O{sub 3} on liver metabolism was therefore investigated. Male guinea pigs received either a single dose (s.d.) of As{sub 2}O{sub 3} 10 mgxkg{sup -1} s.c. or repeated doses (r.d.) of 2.5 mgxkg{sup -1} b.i.d. on 5 consecutive days. One hour after the s.d. or 1 h and 16 h after the last injection in the r.d. groups the animals were sacrificed in anaesthesia. The livers were removed by freeze clamping for the determination of various metabolites. In the s.d. group a significant decrease in hydroxybutyrate, acetylCoA, adenosinemonophosphate and in the ratio of hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate and an increase in pyruvate, citrate, malate, and adenosinetriphosphate were observed. A significant decrease in glycogen, pyruvate, {alpha}-ketoglutarate, acetylCoA, and acetoacetate and a significant increase in malate and in the ratios of lactate/pyruvate and hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate were observed in the r.d.1-h group. In the r.d.16-h group a significant decrease in glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, and adenosinemonophosphate was found, but the values tended towards control values. The data are consistent with mechanisms of As{sub 2}O toxicity in other species as PDH inhibition with consecutive citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis inhibition and excessive carbohydrate depletion. (orig.).

Synthesis and single-crystal structure of the pseudo-ternary compounds LiA[N(CN){sub 2}]{sub 2} (A = K or Rb)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reckeweg, Olaf; DiSalvo, Francis J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Baker Lab.

2016-04-01

Crystals of LiA[N(CN){sub 2}]{sub 2} were obtained from the reaction of LiCl and ACl (A = K or Rb) with Ag[N(CN){sub 2}] in water and subsequent evaporation of the filtered solution at 80 C under normal atmospheric conditions. Crystals of the title compound form thin rectangular plates that are transparent, colorless, and very fragile. Single-crystal structure analyses have shown that both compounds are isotypic and adopt the tetragonal space group I4/mcm (no. 140, Z = 4) with the cell parameters a = 701.53(12) and c = 1413.7(5) pm for LiK[N(CN){sub 2}]{sub 2} and a = 730.34(10) and c = 1414.4(4) pm for LiRb[N(CN){sub 2}]{sub 2}. The crystal structure is described and compared to that of the pseudo-binary alkali metal dicyanamides.

Heterogeneous Nature of Relaxation Dynamics of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (EMIm)<sub>2sub>[Co(NCS)>4sub>] and (BMIm)<sub>2sub>[Co(NCS)>4sub>

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hensel-Bielowka, Stella [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry; Wojnarowska, Zaneta [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Physics; Univ. of Silesia, Chorzow (Poland). Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI); Dzida, Marzena [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry; Zorębski, Edward [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry; Zorębski, Michał [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry; Geppert-Rybczyńska, Monika [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry; Peppel, Tim [Leibniz Inst. for Catalysis, Rostock (Germany); Grzybowska, Katarzyna [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Physics; Wang, Yangyang [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Sokolov, Alexei P. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Paluch, Marian [Univ. of Silesia, Katowice (Poland). Inst. of Physics; Univ. of Silesia, Chorzow (Poland). Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI)

2015-08-11

Dynamic crossover above T<sub>g> has been recognized as a characteristic feature of molecular dynamics of liquids approaching glass transition. Experimentally, it is manifested as a change in Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann dependence or a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein and related relations. In this study, we report the exception from this rather general pattern of behavior. By means of dielectric, ultrasonic, rheological, and calorimetric methods, dynamics of two good ionic conductors (BMIm)<sub>2sub>[Co(NCS)>4sub>] and (EMIm)<sub>2sub>[Co(NCS)>4sub>] of less common stoichiometry (2:1) was studied in a very broad temperature range. However, none of the mentioned dynamic changes was observed in the entire studied temperature range. On the contrary, the single VFT and the same fractional Walden coefficient were found for conductivity and viscosity changes over 12 decades. Finally and moreover, ultrasonic studies revealed that the data at temperatures which cover the normal liquid region cannot be fitted by a single exponential decay, and the Cole–Cole function should be used instead.

Unusual effects of anisotropy on the specific heat of ceramic and single crystal MgB{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bouquet, F.; Wang, Y.; Sheikin, I.; Toulemonde, P.; Eisterer, M.; Weber, H.W.; Lee, S.; Tajima, S.; Junod, A

2003-03-01

The two-gap structure in the superconducting state of MgB{sub 2} gives rise to unusual thermodynamic properties which depart markedly from the isotropic single-band BCS model, both in their temperature- and field dependence. We report and discuss measurements of the specific heat up to 16 T on ceramic, and up to 14 T on single crystal samples, which demonstrate these effects in the bulk. The behavior in zero field is described in terms of two characteristic temperatures, a crossover temperature T{sub c,{pi}} congruent with 13 K, and a critical temperature T{sub c}=T{sub c,{sigma}} congruent with 38 K, whereas the mixed-state specific heat requires three characteristic fields, an isotropic crossover field {mu}{sub 0}H{sub c2,{pi}} congruent with 0.35 T, and an anisotropic upper critical field with extreme values {mu}{sub 0}H{sub c2,{sigma}}{sub ,c} congruent with 3.5 T and {mu}{sub 0}H{sub c2,{sigma}}{sub ,ab} congruent with 19 T, where the indexes {pi} and {sigma} refer to the three-dimensional and two-dimensional sheets of the Fermi surface. Irradiation-induced interband scattering tends to move the gaps toward a common value, and increases the upper critical field up to {approx}28 T when T{sub c} congruent with 30 K.

[Somatic complaints, emotional awareness and maladjustment in schoolchildren].

Science.gov (United States)

Ordóñez, A; Maganto, C; González, R

2015-05-01

Somatic complaints are common in childhood. Research has shown their relationship with emotional awareness and maladjustment. The study had three objectives: 1) to analyze the prevalence of somatic complaints; 2) To explore the relationships between the variables evaluated: somatic complaints, differentiating emotions, verbal sharing of emotions, not hiding emotions, body awareness, attending to others' emotions, analysis of emotions, and personal, social, family, and school maladjustments; and 3) To identify predictors of somatic complaints. The study included a total of 1,134 randomly selected schoolchildren of both sexes between 10-12 years old (M=10.99; SD=0.88). The Somatic Complaint List, Emotional Awareness Questionnaire, and Self-reported Multifactor Test of Childhood Adaptation were used to gather information. The results showed that the prevalence of somatic complaints was 90.2%, with fatigue, headache and stomachache being the most frequently. Dizziness and headache were more common in girls, and the frequency of complaints decreases with age. Somatic complaints are negatively related to emotional awareness, and positively related to maladjustment. The variables that contribute the most to the prediction of somatic complaints are personal maladjustment (25.1%) and differentiating emotions (2.5%). The study shows that personal maladjustment is the best predictor of somatic complaints; the more emotional awareness and better adapted the child, the fewer somatic complaints they lodge. Childhood is a stage with significant physical discomfort. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

High somatic distress with high long-term stability in selected patients with chronic depression: a 3-year follow-up of ratings with Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP).

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, Ann; Hällström, Tore

2004-01-01

The main aim of the present study was to investigate mean levels and long-term stability of three scales from the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), assessing somatic components of anxiety proneness in selected patients with chronic depressive symptoms. The KSP was filled in by 84 patients (26 men and 58 women) with a history of or ongoing major depression and audiological, or other comorbid somatic, symptoms. Mean scores for the Somatic Anxiety, Muscular Tension and Psychasthenia scales were above two standard deviations compared to a normative group sampled from the population. The KSP was filled in at follow-up by 65 patients. The mean interval between the ratings was 3.5 years. Comparisons between the ratings of the three scales revealed no significant mean score differences, and quite high individual stability. The mean scores were significantly increased in comparisons with depressed patients in primary care suggesting that these patients with chronic depression may comprise a depressive sub-type characterized by high "somatic distress". A putative origin for the high and stable scores in the presented sub-group of depressed patients, and the concept of "personality trait" in use even for pronounced symptoms, are discussed.

Surface Brillouin scattering measurement of the elastic constants of single crystal InAs{sub 0.91}Sb{sub 0.09}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kotane, L M; Comins, J D; Every, A G [Materials Physics Research Institute, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050 (South Africa); Botha, J R, E-mail: Lesias.Kotane@wits.ac.z [Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth (South Africa)

2011-01-01

Surface Brillouin scattering of light has been used to measure the angular dependence of the Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (SAW), pseudo surface acoustic wave (PSAW) and longitudinal lateral wave (LLW) speeds in a (100)-oriented single crystal of the ternary semiconductor alloy InAs{sub 0.91}Sb{sub 0.09}. The wave speed measurements have been used to determine the room temperature values of the elastic constants C{sub 11}, C{sub 12} and C{sub 44} of the alloy. A simple and robust fitting procedure has been implemented for recovering the elastic constants, in which the merit function is constructed from explicit secular functions that determine the surface and lateral wave speeds in the [001] and [011] crystallographic directions. In the fitting, relatively larger weighting factors have been assigned to the SAW and PSAW data because of the greater precision with which the surface modes can be measured as compared with the lateral wave.

Human corpus luteum: presence of epidermal growth factor receptors and binding characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayyagari, R.R.; Khan-Dawood, F.S.

1987-01-01

Epidermal growth factor receptors are present in many reproductive tissues but have not been demonstrated in the human corpus luteum. To determine the presence of epidermal growth factor receptors and its binding characteristics, we carried out studies on the plasma cell membrane fraction of seven human corpora lutea (days 16 to 25) of the menstrual cycle. Specific epidermal growth factor receptors were present in human corpus luteum. Insulin, nerve growth factor, and human chorionic gonadotropin did not competitively displace epidermal growth factor binding. The optimal conditions for corpus luteum-epidermal growth factor receptor binding were found to be incubation for 2 hours at 4 degrees C with 500 micrograms plasma membrane protein and 140 femtomol 125 I-epidermal growth factor per incubate. The number (mean +/- SEM) of epidermal growth factor binding sites was 12.34 +/- 2.99 X 10(-19) mol/micrograms protein; the dissociation constant was 2.26 +/- 0.56 X 10(-9) mol/L; the association constant was 0.59 +/- 0.12 X 10(9) L/mol. In two regressing corpora lutea obtained on days 2 and 3 of the menstrual cycle, there was no detectable specific epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity. Similarly no epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity could be detected in ovarian stromal tissue. Our findings demonstrate that specific receptors for epidermal growth factor are present in the human corpus luteum. The physiologic significance of epidermal growth factor receptors in human corpus luteum is unknown, but epidermal growth factor may be involved in intragonadal regulation of luteal function

Development and Validation of a Scalable Next-Generation Sequencing System for Assessing Relevant Somatic Variants in Solid Tumors12

Science.gov (United States)

Hovelson, Daniel H.; McDaniel, Andrew S.; Cani, Andi K.; Johnson, Bryan; Rhodes, Kate; Williams, Paul D.; Bandla, Santhoshi; Bien, Geoffrey; Choppa, Paul; Hyland, Fiona; Gottimukkala, Rajesh; Liu, Guoying; Manivannan, Manimozhi; Schageman, Jeoffrey; Ballesteros-Villagrana, Efren; Grasso, Catherine S.; Quist, Michael J.; Yadati, Venkata; Amin, Anmol; Siddiqui, Javed; Betz, Bryan L.; Knudsen, Karen E.; Cooney, Kathleen A.; Feng, Felix Y.; Roh, Michael H.; Nelson, Peter S.; Liu, Chia-Jen; Beer, David G.; Wyngaard, Peter; Chinnaiyan, Arul M.; Sadis, Seth; Rhodes, Daniel R.; Tomlins, Scott A.

2015-01-01

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled genome-wide personalized oncology efforts at centers and companies with the specialty expertise and infrastructure required to identify and prioritize actionable variants. Such approaches are not scalable, preventing widespread adoption. Likewise, most targeted NGS approaches fail to assess key relevant genomic alteration classes. To address these challenges, we predefined the catalog of relevant solid tumor somatic genome variants (gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations, high-level copy number alterations, and gene fusions) through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of >700,000 samples. To detect these variants, we developed the Oncomine Comprehensive Panel (OCP), an integrative NGS-based assay [compatible with 95% accuracy for KRAS, epidermal growth factor receptor, and BRAF mutation detection as well as for ALK and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions. Associating positive variants with potential targeted treatments demonstrated that 6% to 42% of profiled samples (depending on cancer type) harbored alterations beyond routine molecular testing that were associated with approved or guideline-referenced therapies. As a translational research tool, OCP identified adaptive CTNNB1 amplifications/mutations in treated prostate cancers. Through predefining somatic variants in solid tumors and compiling associated potential treatment strategies, OCP represents a simplified, broadly applicable targeted NGS system with the potential to advance precision oncology efforts. PMID:25925381

The Somatic Complaints List: Validation of a self-report questionnaire assessing somatic complaints in children

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jellesma, F. C.; Rieffe, C.J.; Meerum Terwogt, M.

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the Somatic Complaint List (SCL) in children. Method: At T1, 365 fourth and 352 fifth graders completed the SCL, the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI-C), and the Mood Questionnaire. Parents (n=564) completed the parental form of the CSI-C (CSI-P). Six months later, the

Effect of pressure on the metamagnetic transition of DyB{sub 6} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakai, T. [Department of General Education, Ariake National College of Tecnology, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585 (Japan)]. E-mail: sakai@ariake-nct.ac.jp; Oomi, G. [Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560 (Japan); Uwatoko, Y. [Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 (Japan); Kunii, S. [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 (Japan)

2007-03-15

The effects of pressure on the magnetization (M) and the magnetostriction (MS) for DyB{sub 6} single crystal have been measured at 4.2 K. It is found that the M loops are insensitive to pressure, whereas the large MS with magnitude of 0.5% at 5 T at ambient pressure is rapidly suppressed by applying pressure. The metamagnetic transition field H {sub M} in the M curve increases slightly by applying pressure with the rate of increase, {partial_derivative} ln H {sub M}/{partial_derivative}P, of 0.03 GPa{sup -1}, which is almost the same value as that for T {sub N}, 0.04 GPa{sup -1}.

Warm white light generation from single phase Sr{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Dy{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+} phosphors with near ultraviolet excitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, B.Y. [School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Feng, B.L. [State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (China); Luo, L., E-mail: luoli@gdut.edu.cn [School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Han, C.L. [School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 (China); He, Y.T.; Qiu, Z.R. [State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (China)

2016-10-15

Highlights: • Novel single phase phosphors were synthesized in an ambient air atmosphere. • A direct band gap about 4.5 eV of the host is calculated for the first time. • It is suitable for near UV chip excitation. • It emits warm white light with better CIE and lower CCT over previous reports. • The thermal quenching is similar to that of YAG:0.06Ce{sup 3+} commercial phosphor. - Abstract: Novel Sr{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Dy{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+} (SYP:Dy{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}) phosphors were synthesized by a standard solid-state reaction under an ambient air atmosphere and their structural and optical properties were investigated. XRD and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were used to explore structural properties. The former showed that single phase phosphors were obtained and that the rare earth ions entered into the cubic host by substituting the smaller Y{sup 3+} ions and thereby enlarging the unit cell. The DRS indicated that the host has a direct bandgap of 4.5 eV. Under 393 nm excitation, a strong and stable warm white light emission with high color purity was achieved in SY{sub 0.92}P:0.06Dy{sup 3+}, 0.04Eu{sup 3+}. The energy transfer from Dy{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 3+} ions was investigated and the related mechanism was discussed based on the optical spectra and emission decay curves. The thermal quenching of emission is similar to that of YAG:0.06Ce{sup 3+}. The results show the single phase phosphor is potential in warm white LED.

Somatization in Parkinson's Disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carrozzino, Danilo; Bech, Per; Patierno, Chiara

2017-01-01

The current systematic review study is aimed at critically analyzing from a clinimetric viewpoint the clinical consequence of somatization in Parkinson's Disease (PD). By focusing on the International Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we...... consequence of such psychiatric symptom should be further evaluated by replacing the clinically inadequate diagnostic label of psychogenic parkinsonism with the psychosomatic concept of persistent somatization as conceived by the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR)....

Dynamics of Al/Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} MIC combustion from short single-pulse photothermal initiation and time-resolved spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stiegman, Albert E.; Park, Chi-Dong; Mileham, Melissa; Van de Burgt, Lambertus J. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL (United States); Kramer, Michael P. [AFRL/MNME Eglin AFB, FL (United States)

2009-08-15

Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to study the dynamics of the photothermal ignition of Al/Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} metastable intermolecular composites after single short-pulse laser initiation. The dynamics were recorded in several time domains from nanosecond to microsecond to quantify the dynamics from initial laser excitation to combustion. Time-averaged spectral data were also collected for the overall emission occurring during combustion. (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Polymeric membranes modulate human keratinocyte differentiation in specific epidermal layers.

Science.gov (United States)

Salerno, Simona; Morelli, Sabrina; Giordano, Francesca; Gordano, Amalia; Bartolo, Loredana De

2016-10-01

In vitro models of human bioengineered skin substitutes are an alternative to animal experimentation for testing the effects and toxicity of drugs, cosmetics and pollutants. For the first time specific and distinct human epidermal strata were engineered by using membranes and keratinocytes. To this purpose, biodegradable membranes of chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and a polymeric blend of CHT-PCL were prepared by phase-inversion technique and characterized in order to evaluate their morphological, physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The capability of membranes to modulate keratinocyte differentiation inducing specific interactions in epidermal membrane systems was investigated. The overall results demonstrated that the membrane properties strongly influence the cell morpho-functional behaviour of human keratinocytes, modulating their terminal differentiation, with the creation of specific epidermal strata or a fully proliferative epidermal multilayer system. In particular, human keratinocytes adhered on CHT and CHT-PCL membranes, forming the structure of the epidermal top layers, such as the corneum and granulosum strata, characterized by withdrawal or reduction from the cell cycle and cell proliferation. On the PCL membrane, keratinocytes developed an epidermal basal lamina, with high proliferating cells that stratified and migrated over time to form a complete differentiating epidermal multilayer system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bi[NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}](OH{sub 2}){sub x}F (x=1 and 2): New one-dimensional Bi-coordination materials-Reversible hydration and topotactic decomposition to {alpha}-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeon, Hye Rim [Department of Chemistry Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Dong Woo [Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Ok, Kang Min, E-mail: kmok@cau.ac.kr [Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-03-15

Two one-dimensional bismuth-coordination materials, Bi[NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}](OH{sub 2}){sub x}F (x=1 and 2), have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions using Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}, 2,6-NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}H){sub 2}, HF, and water at 180 Degree-Sign C. Structures of the two materials were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Although they have different crystal structures, both Bi-organic materials shared a common structural motif, a one-dimensional chain structure consisting of Bi{sup 3+} cations and pyridine dicarboxylate linkers. Detailed structural analyses include infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and reversible hydration reactions for the coordinated water molecules were reported. Also, thermal decomposition of the rod-shaped Bi[NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}](OH{sub 2})F single crystals at 800 Degree-Sign C led to {alpha}-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} that maintained the same morphology of the original crystals. - Graphical abstract: Calcination of the Bi[NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}](OH{sub 2})F single crystals at 800 Degree-Sign C results in the {alpha}-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} rods that maintain the original morphology of the crystals. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Synthesis of one-dimensional chain Bi-organic frameworks. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Reversible hydration reactions of Bi[NC{sub 5}H{sub 3}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}](OH{sub 2})F. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Topotactic decomposition maintaining the same morphology of the original crystals.

Oxide nanomembrane hybrids with enhanced mechano- and thermo-sensitivity for semitransparent epidermal electronics.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Minjoon; Do, Kyungsik; Kim, Jaemin; Son, Donghee; Koo, Ja Hoon; Park, Jinkyung; Song, Jun-Kyul; Kim, Ji Hoon; Lee, Minbaek; Hyeon, Taeghwan; Kim, Dae-Hyeong

2015-05-01

Oxide nanomembrane hybrids with enhanced mechano- and thermo-sensitivity for semitransparent epidermal electronics are developed. The use of nanomaterials (single wall nanotubes and silver nanoparticles) embedded in the oxide nanomembranes significantly enhances mechanical and thermal sensitivities. These mechanical and thermal sensors are utilized in wheelchair control and hypothermia detection, which are useful for patients with strokes. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Influence of epidermal growth factor on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Peter Skov; Boesby, S.; Kirkegaard, P.

2013-01-01

The role of epidermal growth factor on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats was investigated. After a 70% hepatectomy in rats, the concentration of epidermal growth factor in portal venous blood was unchanged compared with unoperated controls. However, small amounts of epidermal...... growth factor could be identified in portal venous blood after intestinal instillation of epidermal growth factor. Brunner's glands and the submandibular glands secrete epidermal growth factor. Extirpation of Brunner's glands decreased liver regeneration, whereas removal of the submandibular glands had...... no effect on liver regeneration. Epidermal growth factor antiserum reduced liver regeneration significantly. Oral or s.c. administration of epidermal growth factor had no effect on liver regeneration, whereas epidermal growth factor enhanced the effect of insulin and glucagon on liver regeneration...

Epidermal growth factor in alkali-burned corneal epithelial wound healing.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, G; Foster, C S

1987-06-15

We conducted a double-masked study to evaluate the effect of epidermal growth factor on epithelial wound healing and recurrent erosions in alkali-burned rabbit corneas. Epithelial wounds 10 mm in diameter healed completely under the influence of topical epidermal growth factor, whereas the control corneas did not resurface in the center. On reversal of treatment, the previously nonhealing epithelial defects healed when treated with topical epidermal growth factor eyedrops. Conversely, the epidermal growth factor-treated and resurfaced corneas developed epithelial defects when treatment was discontinued. Histopathologic examination disclosed hyperplastic epithelium growing over the damaged stroma laden with polymorphonuclear leukocytes when treated with epidermal growth factor eyedrops, but it did not adhere to the underlying tissue. Hydropic changes were seen intracellularly as well as between the epithelial cells and the stroma.

Sub-clinical assessment of atopic dermatitis severity using angiographic optical coherence tomography

Science.gov (United States)

Byers, Robert A.; Maiti, Raman; Danby, Simon G.; Pang, Elaine J.; Mitchell, Bethany; Carré, Matt J.; Lewis, Roger; Cork, Michael J.; Matcher, Stephen J.

2018-01-01

Measurement of sub-clinical atopic dermatitis (AD) is important for determining how long therapies should be continued after clinical clearance of visible AD lesions. An important biomarker of sub-clinical AD is epidermal hypertrophy, the structural measures of which often make optical coherence tomography (OCT) challenging due to the lack of a clearly delineated dermal-epidermal junction in AD patients. Alternatively, angiographic OCT measurements of vascular depth and morphology may represent a robust biomarker for quantifying the severity of clinical and sub-clinical AD. To investigate this, angiographic data sets were acquired from 32 patients with a range of AD severities. Deeper vascular layers within skin were found to correlate with increasing clinical severity. Furthermore, for AD patients exhibiting no clinical symptoms, the superficial plexus depth was found to be significantly deeper than healthy patients at both the elbow (p = 0.04) and knee (p<0.001), suggesting that sub-clinical changes in severity can be detected. Furthermore, the morphology of vessels appeared altered in patients with severe AD, with significantly different vessel diameter, length, density and fractal dimension. These metrics provide valuable insight into the sub-clinical severity of the condition, allowing the effects of treatments to be monitored past the point of clinical remission. PMID:29675335

Somatization: a perspective from self psychology.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodin, G M

1991-01-01

Somatization is a complex phenomenon that occurs in many forms and diverse settings. It is not necessarily pathological and may be found in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Much of the psychiatric literature has focused on patients with conversion disorders and hypochondriasis. Psychoanalytic theories regarding such conditions were largely based upon concepts of drive, conflict, and defense. The perspective from self psychology, with its emphasis on subjective experience and the sense of self, may further enhance the psychoanalytic understanding of somatization. Individuals with disturbances in the stability and organization of the self may present with somatic symptoms and disturbances in emotional awareness. Somatization in such cases may be the experiential manifestation of a disturbance in the cohesion of the self and/or may result from defensive operations to ward off affect. The latter may be prominent when affective arousal triggers the psychological threat of fragmentation. Somatization may diminish in such individuals when a self-object relationship is formed that bolsters and consolidates the sense of self. The integration of affect into ongoing subjective experience may also be an important aspect of psychoanalytic treatment in such patients.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 27. Systems Ba/sub 4-x/Sr/sub x/B/sup II/Re/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/, Ba/sub 4/B/sub 1-x//sup II/Ca/sub x/Re/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/, and Ba/sub 4-x/La/sub x/B/sup II/Re/sub 2-x/W/sub x/vacantO/sub 12/ with B/sup II/ = Co, Ni

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herrmann, M; Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1981-05-01

In the systems Ba/sub 4-x/Sr/sub x/B/sup II/Re/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/, Ba/sub 4/B/sub 1-x//sup II/Ca/sub x/Re/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/ and Ba/sub 4-x/La/sub x/B/sup II/Re/sub 2-x/W/sub x/va/sub x/antO/sub 12/ (B/sup II/ =Co, Ni) hexagonal perovskites with a rhombohedral 12 L structure (general composition A/sub 4/BM/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/; sequence (hhcc)/sub 3/; space group R3m) are observed. With the exception of Ba/sub 4/NiRe/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/ the octahedral net consists of BO/sub 6/ single octahedra and M/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/ face connected blocks (type 1). In type 2 (Ba/sub 4/NiRe/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/) the M ions are located in the single octahedra and in the center of the groups of three face connected octahedra. The two outer positions of the latter are occupied by B ions and vacancies in the ratio 1:1. The difference between type 1 and 2 are discussed by means of the vibrational and diffuse reflectance spectra.

Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors fabricated from an amorphous Mo{sub 0.75}Ge{sub 0.25} thin film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Verma, V. B.; Lita, A. E.; Vissers, M. R.; Marsili, F.; Pappas, D. P.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305 (United States)

2014-07-14

We present the characteristics of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) fabricated from amorphous Mo{sub 0.75}Ge{sub 0.25} thin-films. Fabricated devices show a saturation of the internal detection efficiency at temperatures below 1 K, with system dark count rates below 500 cps. Operation in a closed-cycle cryocooler at 2.5 K is possible with system detection efficiencies exceeding 20% for SNSPDs which have not been optimized for high detection efficiency. Jitter is observed to vary between 69 ps at 250 mK and 187 ps at 2.5 K using room temperature amplifiers.

Identification of somatic mutations in postmortem human brains by whole genome sequencing and their implications for psychiatric disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Nishioka, Masaki; Bundo, Miki; Ueda, Junko; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Sato, Yukuto; Kuroki, Yoko; Ishii, Takao; Ukai, Wataru; Murayama, Shigeo; Hashimoto, Eri; Nagasaki, Masao; Yasuda, Jun; Kasai, Kiyoto; Kato, Tadafumi; Iwamoto, Kazuya

2018-04-01

Somatic mutations in the human brain are hypothesized to contribute to the functional diversity of brain cells as well as the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, there are still few reports on somatic mutations in non-neoplastic human brain tissues. This study attempted to unveil the landscape of somatic mutations in the human brain. We explored the landscape of somatic mutations in human brain tissues derived from three individuals with no neuropsychiatric diseases by whole-genome deep sequencing at a depth of around 100. The candidate mutations underwent multi-layered filtering, and were validated by ultra-deep target amplicon sequencing at a depth of around 200 000. Thirty-one somatic mutations were identified in the human brain, demonstrating the utility of whole-genome sequencing of bulk brain tissue. The mutations were enriched in neuron-expressed genes, and two-thirds of the identified somatic single nucleotide variants in the brain tissues were cytosine-to-thymine transitions, half of which were in CpG dinucleotides. Our developed filtering and validation approaches will be useful to identify somatic mutations in the human brain. The vulnerability of neuron-expressed genes to mutational events suggests their potential relevance to neuropsychiatric diseases. © 2017 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Predictive factors for somatization in a trauma sample

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Elklit, Ask; Christiansen, Dorte M

2009-01-01

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Unexplained somatic symptoms are common among trauma survivors. The relationship between trauma and somatization appears to be mediated by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, only few studies have focused on what other psychological risk factors may predispose...... a trauma victim towards developing somatoform symptoms. METHODS: The present paper examines the predictive value of PTSD severity, dissociation, negative affectivity, depression, anxiety, and feeling incompetent on somatization in a Danish sample of 169 adult men and women who were affected by a series...... of incompetence significantly predicted somatization in the trauma sample whereas dissociation, depression, and anxiety were not associated with degree of somatization. PTSD as a risk factor was mediated by negative affectivity....

Electronic and magnetic properties of Mn{sub 12} single-molecule magnets on the Au(111) surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Voss, Soenke; Burgert, Michael; Fonin, Mikhail; Groth, Ulrich; Ruediger, Ulrich [Universitaet Konstanz (Germany); Michaelis, Christian; Brihuega, Ivan; Kern, Klaus [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Stuttgart (Germany); Dedkov, Yury S. [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Technische Universitaet Dresden (Germany)

2008-07-01

The paramount interest in single-molecule magnets (SMMs) like Mn{sub 12}-acetate and its derivatives was inspired by numerous experimental and theoretical insights indicating the feasibility of addressing quantum effects of magnetism on a molecular scale. Due to its relatively high blocking temperature ({proportional_to}3 K) combined with the ability to identify well-defined spin states, Mn{sub 12} still remains the most favoured SMM possibly allowing the detection of magnetic fingerprints in transport properties of a single molecule. In this work, the electronic properties of Mn{sub 12} molecules chemically grafted on Au(111) surfaces have been studied by means of low temperature as well as room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed signatures from most probably intact Mn{sub 12} molecules while STS measurements in magnetic fields indicate the possibility to identify magnetic fingerprints in scanning tunneling spectra. The results will be discussed with respect to previous attempts to perform transport measurements on Mn{sub 12} SMMs.

Magnetic properties of the tetragonal RCuGa{sub 3} (R=Pr, Nd and Gd) single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagalakshmi, R., E-mail: nagaphys@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 6200015 (India); Kulkarni, Ruta; Dhar, S.K.; Thamizhavel, A. [DCMPMS, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005 (India); Krishnakumar, V. [Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636011 (India); Reiffers, Marian; Čurlík, Ivan [Institute of Experimental Physics, Watsonova 47, SK-040 01 Kosice (Slovakia); Department of Physics, University of Presov, 17 Novembra 1, SK-080 01 (Slovakia); Hagemann, Hans; Lovy, Dominique [Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland); Nallamuthu, S. [Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 6200015 (India)

2015-07-15

Single crystals of tetragonal RCuGa{sub 3} (R=La, Pr, Nd and Gd), with BaNiSn{sub 3} type structure (space group I4 mm), have been grown by high temperature solution growth technique using Ga as flux. Their magnetic properties were determined by heat capacity and the measurement of magnetization and electrical resistivity along [100] and [001] directions. Except LaCuGa{sub 3}, the compounds order magnetically. PrCuGa{sub 3} undergoes a ferromagnetic transition with Curie temperature of 4.6 K. NdCuGa{sub 3} shows a bulk magnetic transition at 3.3 K. The data on GdCuGa{sub 3} indicate combined characteristics of spin glass and antiferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures. From the Schottky heat capacity data the crystal electric field level energy spectra have been determined. Further we have performed temperature dependent measurements of electron spin resonance (ESR) on GdCuGa{sub 3} between 11 K and room temperature. The ESR data indicate an enhancement of magnetic fluctuations associated with spin reorientation and both homogeneous and inhomogeneous thermal broadening of the linewidth. - Highlights: • RCuGa{sub 3} (R=La, Pr, Nd and Gd) single crystals were grown by flux technique. • The compounds exhibit long range magnetic ordering. • Crystal electric field levels have been derived from Schottky heat capacity. • Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of GdCuGa{sub 3} are also discussed.

Somatic embryogenesis of Carica Papaya

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvina Lindsay Mijen; Rusli Ibrahim

2006-01-01

This paper describes the somatic embryogenesis of Carica papaya. Culture medium used was1/2 strength MS basal medium supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.27 % agar, glutamine and various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After 8 weeks in culture, the best concentration of 2,4-D to induce somatic embryo is at 45.2 μM. (Author)

Thermal transport properties of MoS <sub>2sub> and MoSe <sub>2sub> monolayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kandemir, Ali; Yapicioglu, Haluk; Kinaci, Alper; Çağın, Tahir; Sevik, Cem

2016-01-11

Isolation of single to few layer transition metal dichalgogenides open alternate venues in application of 2 dimensional materials to nanoelectronics. Either for general overheating issues or specific application in thermoelectric devices, the characterization of the thermal transport in these new low dimensional materials is needed for their efficient implementation. In this study, lattice thermal conductivities of single layer MoS<sub>2sub> and MoSe<sub>2sub> are evaluated using classical molecular dynamics method. The interactions between atoms are defined by Stillinger-Weber type empirical potentials that are developed to represent structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties of the given materials. In parameterization of the potentials, a stochastic optimization algorithm, namely particle swarm optimization is utilized. The final parameter sets produce quite consistent results with DFT in terms of lattice parameters, bond distances, elastic constants and vibrational properties of both single layer MoS<sub>2sub> and MoSe<sub>2sub>. The predicted thermal properties of both materials are in very good agreement with earlier first principles calculations. The discrepancies between calculations and experimental measurements are most likely to be caused by pristine nature of the structures in our simulations.

High-pressure synthesis and crystal structures of the strontium oxogallates Sr{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Sr{sub 5}Ga{sub 6}O{sub 14}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kahlenberg, Volker, E-mail: volker.kahlenberg@uibk.ac.at [Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck A-6020 (Austria); Goettgens, Valerie; Mair, Philipp; Schmidmair, Daniela [Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck A-6020 (Austria)

2015-08-15

High-pressure synthesis experiments in a piston–cylinder apparatus at 1.5 GPa/3.0 GPa and 1000 °C resulted in the formation of single-crystals of Sr{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Sr{sub 5}Ga{sub 6}O{sub 14}, respectively. The structures of both compounds have been solved from single-crystal diffraction data sets using direct methods. The first compound is orthorhombic with space group type Pbca (a=10.0021(4) Å, b=9.601(4) Å, c=10.6700(4) Å, V=1024.6(4) Å{sup 3}, M{sub r}=394.68 u, Z=8, D{sub x}=5.12 g/cm{sup 3}) and belongs to the group of single layer gallates. Individual sheets are parallel to (0 0 1) and can be built from the condensation of unbranched vierer single chains running along [0 1 0]. The layers are characterized by the presence of four- and strongly elliptical eight-membered rings of corner connected tetrahedra in UUDD and UUUUDDDD conformation. Strontium atoms are sandwiched between the tetrahedral layers for charge compensation and are coordinated by six and seven oxygen ligands, respectively. Sr{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5} is isotypic with several other double sulfides and selenides. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first example of an oxide with this structure type. From a structural point of view, Sr{sub 5}Ga{sub 6}O{sub 14} is a phyllogallate as well. The crystal structure adopts the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/c (a=8.1426(3) Å, b=8.1803(3) Å, c=10.8755(4) Å, β=91.970(4)° V=723.98(5) Å{sup 3}, M{sub r}=1080.42 u, Z=2, D{sub x}=4.96 g/cm{sup 3}). Individual sheets extend along (0 0 1). Basic building units are unbranched dreier single chains parallel to [1 0 0]. The layers contain tertiary (Q{sup 3}) und quaternary (Q{sup 4}) connected [GaO{sub 4}]-tetrahedra in the ratio 2:1 resulting in a Ga:O ratio of 3:7 and the formation of exclusively five-membered rings. Linkage between adjacent tetrahedral sheets is provided by three symmetrically independent strontium ions which are surrounded by six to eight oxygen atoms. The layers

Epidermal growth factor in the rat prostate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tørring, Niels; Jørgensen, P E; Poulsen, Steen Seier

1998-01-01

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces proliferation in prostate epithelial and stromal cells in primary culture. This investigation was set up to characterize the time and spatial expression of EGF in the rat prostate.......Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces proliferation in prostate epithelial and stromal cells in primary culture. This investigation was set up to characterize the time and spatial expression of EGF in the rat prostate....

Tetragonal and rhombohedral induced polar order from the relaxor state of PbZn sub 1 sub / sub 3 Nb sub 2 sub / sub 3 O sub 3

CERN Document Server

Lebon, A; Calvarin, G

2003-01-01

Structural and dielectric characterizations of the relaxor ferroelectric PbZn sub 1 sub / sub 3 Nb sub 2 sub / sub 3 O sub 3 (PZN) were carried out on single crystals in the temperature range of the dielectric anomaly (370 K = 1.5 kV cm sup - sup 1. The microscopic origin of these PNRs can be discussed in relation with recent nuclear magnetic resonance and structural results reported in other isomorphous relaxors.

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in soybean: physicochemical factors influencing the development of somatic embryos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bonacin Gisele Aparecida

2000-01-01

Full Text Available The embryogenic capability of five soybean cultivars (Renascença, IAS-5, IAC-17, BR-16 and FT-Cometa was studied at different auxin concentrations (8, 10 and 12 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid, NAA, at different pHs (5.8 and 7.0 and at low (8-12 muEm-2 s-1 and high (27-33 mEm-2 s-1 light intensities. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Immature cotyledons 4-6 mm in length were placed in the six induction mediums evaluated and submitted to two light intensities. Twenty immature cotyledons per cultivar were placed on each Petri dish, which was considered to be one replication. The number of somatic embryos per treatment per replication was counted. The results showed genotype influence on somatic embryogenic capability of each cultivar, with the most embryogenic cultivars being BR-16, FT-Cometa and IAS-5. Auxin concentration and pH value also influenced somatic embryo production, with 10 mg/l NAA being the best auxin concentration and 7.0 the best pH value. The interactions cultivar x auxin, auxin x pH and pH x light were significant, while other double interactions were not. All triple and quadruple interactions were significant, except cultivar x pH x light. No significant differences in somatic embryo production were observed in medium with different pHs or when the Petri dishes containing immature cotyledons were exposed to the two light intensities evaluated. However, a higher number of somatic embryos was produced when the medium pH was adjusted to 7.0.

Using scale and feather traits for module construction provides a functional approach to chicken epidermal development.

Science.gov (United States)

Bao, Weier; Greenwold, Matthew J; Sawyer, Roger H

2017-11-01

Gene co-expression network analysis has been a research method widely used in systematically exploring gene function and interaction. Using the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) approach to construct a gene co-expression network using data from a customized 44K microarray transcriptome of chicken epidermal embryogenesis, we have identified two distinct modules that are highly correlated with scale or feather development traits. Signaling pathways related to feather development were enriched in the traditional KEGG pathway analysis and functional terms relating specifically to embryonic epidermal development were also enriched in the Gene Ontology analysis. Significant enrichment annotations were discovered from customized enrichment tools such as Modular Single-Set Enrichment Test (MSET) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Hub genes in both trait-correlated modules showed strong specific functional enrichment toward epidermal development. Also, regulatory elements, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, were targeted in the significant enrichment result. This work highlights the advantage of this methodology for functional prediction of genes not previously associated with scale- and feather trait-related modules.

Zintl-phases with layer anions: preparation and crystal structures of the isotypic compounds SrSn sub 2 As sub 2 and Sr sub 0. 87 Ba sub 0. 13 Sn sub 2 As sub 2 and a single crystal structure determination of KSnSb. Zintl-Phasen mit Schichtanionen: Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen der isotypen Verbindungen SrSn sub 2 As sub 2 und Sr sub 0,87 Ba sub 0,13 Sn sub 2 As sub 2 sowie eine Einkristallstrukturbestimmung von KSnSb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eisenmann, B; Klein, J [Abt. 2 fuer Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Germany)

1991-06-01

The metallic reflecting compounds SrSn{sub 2}As{sub 2} and Sr{sub 0.87}Ba{sub 0.13}Sn{sub 2}As{sub 2} were prepared from the melt, they crystallize in the trigonal rhombohedral system (space group R3m, Z = 3) with lattice constants see ''Inhaltsuebersicht''. In the crystal structure of the isotypic compounds threebonded Sn atoms and threebonded As atoms together form puckered layers which are isostructural to grey As. The mean values of the bond lengths Sn -- As are 277.6 pm (SrSn{sub 2}As{sub 2}) and 279.1 pm (Sr{sub 0.87}Ba{sub 0.13}Sn{sub 2}As{sub 2}) resp. Along (001) the alkaline earth atoms occupy the octahedral interstices of As atoms between each second SnAs layer. The single crystal structure determination of KSnSb confirms the results of the X-ray powder analysis, but leads to slightly different values for the bond lengths.

Depression and hypochondriasis in family practice patients with somatization disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Oxman, T E; Barrett, J

1985-10-01

The relationships specified in DSM-III between somatization disorder and depression, and somatization disorder and hypochondriasis require further validation and easier methods of detection for use by primary care physicians. The authors investigated hypochondriacal and depressive symptoms in 13 family practice outpatients with somatization disorder. Pain complaints and depressive symptomatology were present in over 75% of this group, while hypochondriacal symptoms were present in 38%. The mean score on the somatization scale of the Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-90) was greater than that reported for any other group. These findings support the separation of somatization disorder and hypochondriasis and suggest the need for better delineation of depressive subtypes in somatization disorder. The somatization scale of the HSCL-90 should be a useful screen for somatization disorder in future research.

Multicellularity makes somatic differentiation evolutionarily stable

Science.gov (United States)

Wahl, Mary E.; Murray, Andrew W.

2016-01-01

Many multicellular organisms produce two cell lineages: germ cells, whose descendants produce the next generation, and somatic cells, which support, protect, and disperse the germ cells. This germ-soma demarcation has evolved independently in dozens of multicellular taxa but is absent in unicellular species. A common explanation holds that in these organisms, inefficient intercellular nutrient exchange compels the fitness cost of producing nonreproductive somatic cells to outweigh any potential benefits. We propose instead that the absence of unicellular, soma-producing populations reflects their susceptibility to invasion by nondifferentiating mutants that ultimately eradicate the soma-producing lineage. We argue that multicellularity can prevent the victory of such mutants by giving germ cells preferential access to the benefits conferred by somatic cells. The absence of natural unicellular, soma-producing species previously prevented these hypotheses from being directly tested in vivo: to overcome this obstacle, we engineered strains of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that differ only in the presence or absence of multicellularity and somatic differentiation, permitting direct comparisons between organisms with different lifestyles. Our strains implement the essential features of irreversible conversion from germ line to soma, reproductive division of labor, and clonal multicellularity while maintaining sufficient generality to permit broad extension of our conclusions. Our somatic cells can provide fitness benefits that exceed the reproductive costs of their production, even in unicellular strains. We find that nondifferentiating mutants overtake unicellular populations but are outcompeted by multicellular, soma-producing strains, suggesting that multicellularity confers evolutionary stability to somatic differentiation. PMID:27402737

Intercalation of organic molecules into SnS{sub 2} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toh, M.L.; Tan, K.J.; Wei, F.X.; Zhang, K.K.; Jiang, H. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798 (Singapore); Kloc, C., E-mail: ckloc@ntu.edu.sg [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798 (Singapore)

2013-02-15

SnS{sub 2} is a layered semiconductor with a van der Waals gap separating the covalently bonded layers. In this study, post-synthesis intercalation of donor organic amine molecules, such as ethylenediamine (en), into tin disulfide and secondary intercalation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and 1, 5-naphthalenediamine (NDA) into SnS{sub 2e}n have been verified with X-ray diffraction. PPD and NDA did not intercalate directly even during prolonged annealing but replaced en readily if en was already present in the van der Waals gap. The c-lattice dilation is proportional to the intercalant size. Unit cell lattices of intercalated products were determined from the positions of the X-ray diffraction peaks. Optical images taken during the intercalation showed that intercalation progressed from the periphery towards the interior of the crystal. TEM diffraction patterns in the [0 0 1] direction of SnS{sub 2} after intercalation revealed defects and stacking mismatches among the SnS{sub 2} layers caused by the intercalation. UV-Vis absorption studies showed a red shift in the band edge of the SnS{sub 2} material after intercalation. The band edge was 2.2 eV for pristine SnS{sub 2}; after intercalation with en or PPD, the absorbance spectra band edges shifted to approximately 0.7 eV or 0.5 eV, respectively. - Graphical Abstract: SnS{sub 2} single crystals were intercalated with organic amine molecules such as ethylenediamine, phenylenediamine and naphthalenediamine. Absorption studies showed red shift of band edge after intercalation, which was consistent with optical observations. X-ray diffraction indicated lattice dilation in the c-lattice of SnS{sub 2} after intercalation. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Organic molecules intercalated inhomogenously between covalently bonded SnS{sub 2} layers. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ethylenediamine (en) intercalate directly into SnS{sub 2}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phenylenediamine (PPD) and naphthalenediamine (NDA) can be

Extrapolation of systemic bioavailability assessing skin absorption and epidermal and hepatic metabolism of aromatic amine hair dyes in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manwaring, John, E-mail: manwaring.jd@pg.com [Procter & Gamble Inc., Mason Business Center, Mason, OH 45040 (United States); Rothe, Helga [Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Sulzbacher Str. 40, 65823 Schwalbach am Taunus (Germany); Obringer, Cindy; Foltz, David J.; Baker, Timothy R.; Troutman, John A. [Procter & Gamble Inc., Mason Business Center, Mason, OH 45040 (United States); Hewitt, Nicola J. [SWS, Erzhausen (Germany); Goebel, Carsten [Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Sulzbacher Str. 40, 65823 Schwalbach am Taunus (Germany)

2015-09-01

Approaches to assess the role of absorption, metabolism and excretion of cosmetic ingredients that are based on the integration of different in vitro data are important for their safety assessment, specifically as it offers an opportunity to refine that safety assessment. In order to estimate systemic exposure (AUC) to aromatic amine hair dyes following typical product application conditions, skin penetration and epidermal and systemic metabolic conversion of the parent compound was assessed in human skin explants and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and hepatocyte cultures. To estimate the amount of the aromatic amine that can reach the general circulation unchanged after passage through the skin the following toxicokinetically relevant parameters were applied: a) Michaelis–Menten kinetics to quantify the epidermal metabolism; b) the estimated keratinocyte cell abundance in the viable epidermis; c) the skin penetration rate; d) the calculated Mean Residence Time in the viable epidermis; e) the viable epidermis thickness and f) the skin permeability coefficient. In a next step, in vitro hepatocyte K{sub m} and V{sub max} values and whole liver mass and cell abundance were used to calculate the scaled intrinsic clearance, which was combined with liver blood flow and fraction of compound unbound in the blood to give hepatic clearance. The systemic exposure in the general circulation (AUC) was extrapolated using internal dose and hepatic clearance, and C{sub max} was extrapolated (conservative overestimation) using internal dose and volume of distribution, indicating that appropriate toxicokinetic information can be generated based solely on in vitro data. For the hair dye, p-phenylenediamine, these data were found to be in the same order of magnitude as those published for human volunteers. - Highlights: • An entirely in silico/in vitro approach to predict in vivo exposure to dermally applied hair dyes • Skin penetration and epidermal conversion assessed in human

Genetic analysis of Ras genes in epidermal development and tumorigenesis

Science.gov (United States)

Drosten, Matthias; Lechuga, Carmen G; Barbacid, Mariano

2013-01-01

Proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes are tightly controlled to ensure proper development and homeostasis of the epidermis. The Ras family of small GTPases has emerged as a central node in the coordination of cell proliferation in the epidermis. Recent genetic evidence from mouse models has revealed that the intensity of Ras signaling modulates the proliferative capacity of epidermal keratinocytes. Interfering with Ras signaling either by combined elimination of the 3 Ras genes from the basal layer of the epidermis or by overexpression of dominant-negative Ras isoforms caused epidermal thinning due to hypoproliferation of keratinocytes. In contrast, overexpression of oncogenic Ras mutants in different epidermal cell layers led to hyperproliferative phenotypes including the development of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Here, we discuss the value of loss- and gain-of-function studies in mouse models to assess the role of Ras signaling in the control of epidermal proliferation. PMID:24150175

In-plane polarization dependence of (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} single crystals studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghafari, A., E-mail: ghafari@physik.hu-berlin.de [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr., 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste (Italy); Ariffin, A.K. [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr., 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Department of Physics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim (Malaysia); Janowitz, C., E-mail: christoph.janowitz@physik.hu-berlin.de [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr., 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Dwelk, H.; Krapf, A.; Manzke, R. [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr., 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)

2014-06-15

The effects of in-plane polarization change on the determination of the hole density of weakly under-doped (Bi, Pb)-2212 single crystals has been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS signal at the CuL{sub 3} edge (925–940 eV) and O K edge (525 eV to 539 eV) were recorded under continuous rotation of the CuO{sub 2} plane from 0° to 180° with a minimum increment of 1.8°, yielding experimentally an in-plane polarization dependence for the absorption signals at the respective threshold. From that the in-plane angular dependence of the hole density (n{sub H}(φ)) could be determined. Fermi's golden rule was then used for the evaluation of the in-plane polarization dependence showing the expected polarization independence in disaccord to the experimental observations. Possible scenarios to solve this issue are discussed. Our results propose that polarization dependence could be due to inhomogeneous distribution of holes in the CuO{sub 2} planes which is also supported by models. Second, the role of out of plane orbitals has to be taken into account for interpretation.

Reptured Epidermal Inclusion Cyst in the Axilla: A Case Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kyu Soon; Kim, Hak Hee; Shin, Hee Jeong; Yang, Hye Rin; Sohn, Jeong Hee; Kwon, Gui Young; Gong, Gyung Yub

2006-01-01

Epidermal inclusion cysts, the most common type of simple epithelial cyst, are typically well-encapsulated, subepidermal and mobile nodules. They may occur anywhere, but are mostly found on the scalp, face, neck, trunk, and back. Less than 10% of epidermal inclusion cysts occur on the extremities, and even fewer are found on the palms, soles, and breasts. If epidermal inclusion cysts rupture, foreign body reaction, granulomatous reaction or abscess formation could follow. We described here the sonographic findings of ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst of the right axilla in a 33-year-old woman who presented with a palpable axillary mass forming an inflammatory abscess

Somatically acquired structural genetic differences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Magaard Koldby, Kristina; Nygaard, Marianne; Christensen, Kaare

2016-01-01

Structural genetic variants like copy number variants (CNVs) comprise a large part of human genetic variation and may be inherited as well as somatically acquired. Recent studies have reported the presence of somatically acquired structural variants in the human genome and it has been suggested t...... with age.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 20 April 2016; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2016.34....

Protein profiling of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, Bronwyn J; Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Pantoja, Omar

2012-09-01

Plant epidermal trichomes are as varied in morphology as they are in function. In the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, specialized trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC) line the surface of leaves and stems, and increase dramatically in size and volume upon plant salt-treatment. These cells have been proposed to have roles in plant defense and UV protection, but primarily in sodium sequestration and as water reservoirs. To gain further understanding into the roles of EBC, a cell-type-specific proteomics approach was taken in which precision single-cell sampling of cell sap from individual EBC was combined with shotgun peptide sequencing (LC-MS/MS). Identified proteins showed diverse biological functions and cellular locations, with a high representation of proteins involved in H(+)-transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The proteome of EBC provides insight into the roles of these cells in ion and water homeostasis and raises the possibility that they are photosynthetically active and functioning in Crassulacean acid metabolism. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivity in Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} [AE = Ca, Sr{sub 1−x}Ba{sub x} (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0)] single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong, Song-Tao [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 (China); Zhang, Bin-Bin; Lv, Yang-Yang; Zhou, Jian; Zhang, Shan-Tao [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Xiong, Ye [College of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097 (China); Yao, Shu-Hua, E-mail: shyao@nju.edu.cn, E-mail: ybchen@nju.edu.cn [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); State Key laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 (China); Chen, Y. B., E-mail: shyao@nju.edu.cn, E-mail: ybchen@nju.edu.cn [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Chen, Yan-Feng [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)

2015-09-28

Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} (AE represents alkaline earth), constructed by stacking of rock-salt Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}O{sub 4} and triangle CoO{sub 2} layers alternatively along c-axis, is one of promising thermoelectric oxides. The most impressive feature of Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ}, as reported previously, is their electrical conductivity mainly lying along CoO{sub 2} plane, adjusting Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}O{sub 4} layer simultaneously manipulates both thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. It in turn optimizes thermoelectric performance of these materials. In this work, we characterize the anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivity along both ab-plane and c-direction of Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba, Sr{sub 1−x}Ba{sub x}) single crystals. The results substantiate that isovalence replacement in Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} remarkably modifies their electrical property along ab-plane; while their thermal conductivity along ab-plane only has a slightly difference. At the same time, both the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity along c-axis of these materials also have dramatic changes. Certainly, the electrical resistance along c-axis is too high to be used as thermoelectric applications. These results suggest that adjusting nano-block Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}O{sub 4} layer in Bi{sub 2}AE{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} cannot modify the thermal conductivity along high electrical conductivity plane (ab-plane here). The evolution of electrical property is discussed by Anderson localization and electron-electron interaction U. And the modification of thermal conductivity along c-axis is attributed to the microstructure difference. This work sheds more light on the manipulation of the thermal and electrical conductivity in the layered thermoelectric materials.

Studies at IBM on anisotropy in single crystals of the high-temperature oxide superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O7/sub -//sub x/ (invited)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gallagher, W.J.

1988-01-01

A series of studies carried out at IBM on the magnetic, transport, and optical properties of single crystal Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub x/ demonstrate the overriding importance of anisotropy in its superconducting and normal-state properties

DSM-IV-TR “Pain Disorder Associated with Psychological Factors” as a Nonhysterical Form of Somatization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Massimiliano Aragona

2008-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Elevated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI scores on the hysteria (Hy scale are reported in several forms of pain. Previous results were possibly biased by diagnostic heterogeneity (psychogenic, somatic and mixed pain syndromes included in the same index sample or Hy heterogeneity (failure to differentiate Hy scores into clinically meaningful sub-scales, such as admission of symptoms [Ad] and denial of symptoms [Dn].

Two anhydrous zeolite X crystal structures, Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 and Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4

CERN Document Server

Yoon, B Y; Lee, S H; Kim, Y

2001-01-01

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated Pd sup 2 sup + - and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 (Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 X, a = 24.935(4) A) and Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 (Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 -X, a = 24.914(4) A), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C. The crystals were prepared using an exchange solution that had a Pd(NH sub 3) sub 4 Cl sub 2 : TINO sub 3 mole ratio of 50 : 1 and 200 : 1, respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05 M for 4 days. After dehydration at 360 .deg. C and 2 x 10 sup - sup 6 Torr in flowing oxygen for 2 days, the crystals were evacuated at 21(1) .deg. C for 2 hours. They were refined to the final error indices R sub 1 = 0.045 and R sub 2 = 0.038 with 344 reflections for Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 -X, and R sub 1 = 0.043 and R sub 2 = 0.045 with ...

Atomic layer deposition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} barrier coatings to reduce the water vapour permeability of polyetheretherketone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahmadzada, Tamkin, E-mail: tahm4852@uni.sydney.edu.au [School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); McKenzie, David R.; James, Natalie L.; Yin, Yongbai [School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Li, Qing [School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia)

2015-09-30

We demonstrate significantly enhanced barrier properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) against water vapour penetration by depositing Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} or Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} nanofilms grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Nanoindentation analysis revealed good adhesion strength of a bilayer Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} coating to PEEK, while the single layer Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating displayed flaking and delamination. We identified three critical design parameters for achieving the optimum barrier properties of ALD Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} coatings on PEEK. These are a minimum total thickness dependent on the required water vapour transmission rate, the use of an Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} bilayer coating and the application of the coating to both sides of the PEEK film. Using these design parameters, we achieved a reduction in moisture permeability of PEEK of over two orders of magnitude while maintaining good adhesion strength of the polymer–thin film system. - Highlights: • Atomic layer deposition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} coatings reduced water vapour permeability. • Bilayer coatings reduced the permeability more than single layer coatings. • Bilayer coatings displayed higher adhesion strength than the single layer coatings. • Double-sided coatings performed better than single-sided coatings. • Correlation was found between total thickness and reduced water vapour permeability.

Immune sensitization against epidermal antigens in polymorphous light eruption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez-Amaro, R.; Baranda, L.; Salazar-Gonzalez, J.F.; Abud-Mendoza, C.; Moncada, B.

1991-01-01

To get further insight into the pathogenesis of polymorphous light eruption, we studied nine patients with polymorphous light eruption and six healthy persons. Two skin biopsy specimens were obtained from each person, one from previously ultraviolet light-irradiated skin and another one from unirradiated skin. An epidermal cell suspension, skin homogenate, or both were prepared from each specimen. Autologous cultures were made with peripheral blood mononuclear cells combined with irradiated or unirradiated skin homogenate and peripheral blood mononuclear cells combined with irradiated or unirradiated epidermal cell suspension. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to unirradiated epidermal cells or unirradiated skin homogenate was similar in both patients and controls. However, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with polymorphous light eruption showed a significantly increased proliferative response to both irradiated epidermal cells and irradiated skin homogenate. Our results indicate that ultraviolet light increases the stimulatory capability of polymorphous light eruption epidermal cells in a unidirectional mixed culture with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This suggests that an immune sensitization against autologous ultraviolet light-modified skin antigens occurs in polymorphous light eruption

Sub-Poissonian statistics of quantum jumps in single molecule or atomic ion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osad'ko, I.S.; Gus'kov, D.N.

2007-01-01

A theory for statistics of quantum jumps in single molecule or ion driven by continues wave laser field is developed. These quantum jumps can relate to nonradiative singlet-triplet transitions in a molecule or to on → off jumps in a single ion with shelving processes. Distribution function w N (T) of quantum jumps in time interval T is found. Computer simulation of quantum jumps is realized. Statistical treatment of simulated jumps reveals sub-Poissonian statistics of quantum jumps. The theoretical distribution function w N (T) fits well the distribution of jumps found from simulated data. Experimental data on quantum jumps found in experiments with single Hg + ion are described by the function w N (T) well

Investigation of spectroscopic properties and energy transfer between Ce and Dy in (Lu{sub 0.2}Gd{sub 0.8−x−y}Ce{sub x}Dy{sub y}){sub 2}SiO{sub 5} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strzęp, A. [Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS, Wroclaw (Poland); Martin, I.R. [Faculty of Physics, Universidad de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife (Spain); Malta Consolider Team and Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife (Spain); Głowacki, M. [Institute of Physics PAS, Warsaw (Poland); Ryba-Romanowski, W. [Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS, Wroclaw (Poland); Berkowski, M. [Institute of Physics PAS, Warsaw (Poland); Pérez-Rodríguez, C. [Faculty of Physics, Universidad de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife (Spain); Malta Consolider Team and Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife (Spain)

2015-10-15

In this paper we present results of spectroscopic investigations of single crystals with general formula (Lu{sub 0.2}Gd{sub 0.8−x−y}){sub 2}SiO{sub 5} codoped with x% of Ce{sup {sub 3}{sub +}} and y% of Dy{sup {sub 3}{sub +}} ions. Investigated materials exhibit strong optical anisotropy what can be easily observed in polarized absorption and emission spectra. Based on room temperature polarized absorption spectra calculations in framework of phenomenological Judd–Ofelt model was carried out. Intensity parameters Ω{sub t} were evaluated to be Ω{sub 2}=7.08 (±0.39), Ω{sub 4}=2.76 (±0.44), and Ω{sub 6}=3.36 (±0.21) [10{sup −20} cm{sup 2}] for sample doped with 1% of cerium and Ω{sub 2}=10.72 (±0.33), Ω{sub 4}=1.98 (±0.37), and Ω{sub 6}=2.11 (±0.18) [10{sup −20} cm{sup 2}] for sample doped with 3% of cerium. Influence of cerium admixture on Judd Ofelt intensity parameters is discussed. Value of experimental lifetime of {sub 4}F{sub 9/2} multiplet of Dy{sup 3+} ion in sample doped with 1 at% Ce is 0.5 ms (τ{sub rad}=0.45 ms), while for sample doped with 3 at% of Ce, experimental lifetime is 0.45 ms (τ{sub rad}=0.43 ms). Absorption bands located between 440 and 460 nm, can be utilized for optical pumping of material by GaN laser diodes. Intense and broad emission bands at 465–495 and 560–590 nm, with experimental branching ratio strongly depending on polarization, give high chance for obtaining white luminophore, due to appropiate mixing of blue and yellow luminescence. By means of a pump and probe experiment optical amplification was demonstrated in the codoped sample with 1 at% of Ce and 1 at% Dy at 575 nm corresponding to the emission of Dy{sup 3+} with a high net gain coefficient of 34 cm{sup −1}. Such high amplification was obtained under 359 nm excitation (at the maximum of intense absorption band of Ce{sup 3+} ions). - Highlights: • Influence of anisotropy on properties of LGSO: Ce, Dy crystals was investigated. • ET between Ce

Single crystalline Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}: Synthesis and optical properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosny, Nasser Mohammed, E-mail: Nasserh56@yahoo.com

2014-04-01

Crystals of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} have been prepared from thermal decomposition of molecular precursors derived from salicylic acid and cobalt (II) acetate or chloride at 500 °C. A cubic phase Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} micro- and nanocrystals have been obtained. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The images of electron microscopes showed octahedral crystals of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}. The volume and polarizability of the optimized structures of molecular precursors have been calculated and related to the particle size. The optical band gap of the obtained crystals has been measured. The results indicated two optical band gaps with values 2.65 and 2.95 eV for (E{sub g1}) (E{sub g2}), respectively. - Highlights: • Synthesis of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocrystals by decomposition of cobalt salicylic acid precursor. • Characterization of the isolated nanocrystals by using XRD, SEM and HRTEM. • The optical band gap has been measured.

Dance and Somatic Inquiry in Studios and Community Dance Programs.

Science.gov (United States)

Eddy, Martha Hart

2002-01-01

Addresses pragmatic aspects of somatics in the public sector, investigating the fit of somatics within various institutions and settings, including universities, professional schools, and community programs. The article explores issues such as somatic movement approaches, certification, academic degrees in somatic study, confusions within the…

Resistive switching behavior in single crystal SrTiO{sub 3} annealed by laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pan, Xinqiang [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Shuai, Yao, E-mail: yshuai@uestc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Collaboration Innovation Center of Electronic Materials and Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Wu, Chuangui, E-mail: cgwu@uestc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Collaboration Innovation Center of Electronic Materials and Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Luo, Wenbo [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Collaboration Innovation Center of Electronic Materials and Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Sun, Xiangyu [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Yuan, Ye; Zhou, Shengqiang [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden (Germany); Ou, Xin [State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Zhang, Wanli [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Collaboration Innovation Center of Electronic Materials and Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)

2016-12-15

Highlights: • Laser annealing was used to introduce oxygen vacancies into the single crystal SrTiO{sub 3}. • The effect of laser annealing with different fluence on the single crystal SrTiO{sub 3} was systematically studied. • The concentration of oxygen vacancies can be tuned by changing the fluence of laser. • Resistive switching behavior was observed in the sample with relatively high laser fluence after an electro-forming process. - Abstract: Single crystal SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) wafers were annealed by XeCl laser (λ = 308 nm) with different fluences of 0.4 J/cm{sup 2}, 0.6 J/cm{sup 2} and 0.8 J/cm{sup 2}, respectively. Ti/Pt electrodes were sputtered on the surface of STO wafer to form co-planar capacitor-like structures of Pt/Ti/STO/Ti/Pt. Current-Voltage measurements show that the leakage current is enhanced by increasing laser fluence. Resistive switching behavior is only observed in the sample annealed by laser with relatively high fluence after an electro-forming process. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the amount of oxygen vacancies increases with the increase of laser fluence. This work indicates resistive switching appears when enough oxygen vacancies are generated by the laser, which form conductive filaments under an external electric field.

Post-female-circumcision clitoral epidermal inclusion cyst: a case ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Keywords: complication, epidermal inclusion cyst, female circumcision. Pediatric Urology Division, Department of Urology, ... transplantation of the epidermis into the subcutaneous tissue with subsequent proliferation of epidermal ... The evolution of the practice of FGM, from being performed by traditional birth attendants to.

Resistance to {gamma} irradiation of LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Normand, S. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France)]. E-mail: stephane.normand@cea.fr; Iltis, A. [Saint-Gobain Crystals, 104 Route de Larchant, 77140 St Pierre les Nemours (France); Bernard, F. [Saint-Gobain Crystals, 104 Route de Larchant, 77140 St Pierre les Nemours (France); Domenech, T. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France); Delacour, P. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France)

2007-03-11

LaBr{sub 3}:Ce (Brillance 380) and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce (Brillance 350) both exhibit a very good energy resolution and energy linearity response. They are also more sensitive to {gamma}-rays than NaI(Tl) detectors, due to their higher density. The aim of this work is to determine the behaviour of those new single crystals in comparison with NaI(Tl) under severe {gamma}-ray irradiation. Therefore we have irradiated three 25 by 25 mm cylinder crystals encapsulated in air-tight aluminium housing with {sup 60}Co beam. Crystals were tested as stand-alone material not to test the impact of radiation to our photomultiplier tube (PMT). Only encapsulated crystals (alone, without PMTs) were irradiated during several periods to achieve the final 3.4 kGy integrated dose. Intermediate measurements of {sup 137}Cs spectrum were done in order to evaluate the impact of the dose on the studied crystal performances. The radiation hardness of LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce was then compared to NaI(Tl). We show in this paper that up to 3.4 kGy no permanent modification of the energy resolution nor colour change is observed for LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce crystals. The light output also seems quite stable. This is in stark contrast with the behaviour of NaI:Tl which exhibits continuously decreasing light output, colour change and worsening of energy resolution for doses above 5 Gy.

Pattern of somatic symptoms in anxiety and depression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shah, M.

2011-01-01

To determine the pattern of somatic symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders. Design: Cross Sectional Comparative study Place of Study: Department of Psychiatry Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Duration of Study: From May to November 2002. Patients and Methods: Patients were divided in Group I of anxiety and group II of depression. Fifty patients considered in each group by convenience sampling. The organic basis of their symptoms was ruled out. The patterns of their somatic symptoms and other information like educational and economic status were recorded on Semi Structured Proforma. The patient's diagnosis was made on schedule based ICD-10 research criteria. The severity of anxiety and depression was assessed by using HARS and HDRS respectively. The pattern of somatic symptoms in both groups was then analyzed by the urdu version of Bradford Somatic Inventory. Patterns of somatic complaints were then analyzed by chi square test. Results: Out of 100 patients we placed 50 each in group I (anxiety) and group II (Depression). Males were higher in depression whereas females were higher in anxiety disorder group. P-value for headache was 0.017 while in rest of the somatic symptoms it was insignificant ranging from 0.4 to 1. Conclusion: We found that the patterns of somatic symptoms are present in both the groups of anxiety and depression like symptoms related to musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal system were commonly observed in cases of depression whereas symptoms related to autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system is more significantly somatized in patients of anxiety. A larger sample is required for further studies to get better results. (author)

Basic study of single crystal fibers of Pr:Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} scintillator for gamma-ray imaging applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yanagida, Takayuki, E-mail: t_yanagi@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Kamada, Kei [Materials Research Laboratory, Furukawa Co., Ltd., 1-25-13 Kannondai, Tukuba Ibaragi 305-0856 (Japan); Kawaguchi, Noriaki [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Tokuyama Corporation, Shibuya 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8383 (Japan); Fujimoto, Yutaka [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Fukuda, Kentaro [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Tokuyama Corporation, Shibuya 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8383 (Japan); Yokota, Yuui; Chani, Valery; Yoshikawa, Akira [IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan)

2011-10-01

Single-crystalline fibers were grown from 0.25, 0.70, and 1.50 mol% Pr-doped Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (LuAG) melts by the micro-pulling down ({mu}-PD) method with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm and a length of about 200 mm. They were cut to 10 mm long specimens, and their scintillation properties, including light yield and decay time profile, were examined. These results were compared with corresponding properties of the specimens (0.8x0.8x10 mm{sup 3}) cut from the bulk crystals produced by conventional Czochralski (CZ) growth. The {mu}-PD-grown fibers demonstrated relatively low light yield and had the same decay time constant when compared with those of the samples cut from the CZ-grown crystals. The fiber crystals were used to assemble scintillating arrays with dimensions of O 0.5x10 mm{sup 2}x20 pixels and O 0.3x10 mm{sup 2}x30 pixels coated by a BaSO{sub 4} reflector. After optical coupling with a position sensitive photomultiplier tube, the fiber-based arrays demonstrated acceptable imaging capability with a spatial resolution of about 0.5 mm.

Large-sized SmBCO single crystals with T sub c over 93 K grown in atmospheric ambient by crystal pulling

CERN Document Server

Yao Xin; Shiohara, Y

2003-01-01

Sm sub 1 sub + sub x Ba sub 2 sub - sub x Cu sub 3 O sub z (SmBCO) single crystals were grown under atmospheric ambient by the top-seeded solution growth method. Inductively coupled plasma results indicate that there is negligible Sm substitution for Ba sites in the grown SmBCO crystals, although they crystallized from different Ba-Cu-O solvents with a wide composition range (Ba/Cu ratio of 0.5-0.6). As a result, these crystals show high superconducting critical transition temperature values (T sub c) of over 93 K with a sharp transition width after oxygenation. A large-sized crystal with an a-b plane of 23 x 22 mm sup 2 and a c-axis of 19 mm was obtained at a high growth rate of nearly 0.13 mm h sup - sup 1. In short, with more controllable thermodynamic parameters, SmBCO single crystals can readily achieve both large size and high superconducting properties. (rapid communication)

Correlations between critical current density, j{sub c}, critical temperature, T{sub c}, and structural quality of Y{sub 1}B{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} thin superconducting films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chrzanowski, J.; Xing, W.B.; Atlan, D. [Simon Fraser Univ., British Columbia (Canada)] [and others

1994-12-31

Correlations between critical current density (j{sub c}) critical temperature (T{sub c}) and the density of edge dislocations and nonuniform strain have been observed in YBCO thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation on (001) LaAlO{sub 3} single crystals. Distinct maxima in j{sub c} as a function of the linewidths of the (00{ell}) Bragg reflections and as a function of the mosaic spread have been found in the epitaxial films. These maxima in j{sub c} indicate that the magnetic flux lines, in films of structural quality approaching that of single crystals, are insufficiently pinned which results in a decreased critical current density. T{sub c} increased monotonically with improving crystalline quality and approached a value characteristic of a pure single crystal. A strong correlation between j{sub c} and the density of edge dislocations N{sub D} was found. At the maximum of the critical current density the density of edge dislocations was estimated to be N{sub D}{approximately}1-2 x 10{sup 9}/cm{sup 2}.

Single-phase and warm white-light-emitting phosphors CaLa{sub 2−x−y}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}: xDy{sup 3+}, yEu{sup 3+}: Synthesis, luminescence and energy transfer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Li; Liu, Guixia, E-mail: liuguixia22@163.com; Dong, Xiangting; Wang, Jinxian; Yu, Wensheng

2016-10-15

A series of single-phase warm white light emitting CaLa{sub 2−x−y}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}: xDy{sup 3+}, yEu{sup 3+} phosphors were synthesized by a typical sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the crystal structures of the samples are matched well with the tetragonal CaMoO{sub 4}. Upon ultraviolet (UV) light radiation, the Dy{sup 3+} or Eu{sup 3+} ions singly activated CaLa{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} phosphors exhibit corresponding emissions originated from the f–f transitions of Dy{sup 3+} or Eu{sup 3+} ions. Under near ultraviolet (n-UV) light excitation, in the Dy{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+} ions co-doped samples, the energy transfer (ET) phenomenon from Dy{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 3+} ions can be observed and has been demonstrated to be a quadrupole–quadrupole interaction mechanism. The emission color of CaLa{sub 1.98−y}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}: 0.02Dy{sup 3+}, yEu{sup 3+} samples can be tuned from cool to warm white light by adjusting the concentration of Eu{sup 3+} ions. In addition, it can be found that CaLa{sub 1.974}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}: 0.02Dy{sup 3+}, 0.006Eu{sup 3+} samples emit bright white light with the CIE coordinate of (0.348, 0.313) and the color temperature of 5087 K, which is very close to the standard white light. All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized phosphors have great potential applications in the field of n-UV white light emitting diodes (WLEDs).

Arctigenin induced gallbladder cancer senescence through modulating epidermal growth factor receptor pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Mingdi; Cai, Shizhong; Zuo, Bin; Gong, Wei; Tang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Di; Weng, Mingzhe; Qin, Yiyu; Wang, Shouhua; Liu, Jun; Ma, Fei; Quan, Zhiwei

2017-05-01

Gallbladder cancer has poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Arctigenin, a representative dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, occurs in a variety of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of arctigenin on gallbladder cancer have not been fully elucidated. The expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor were examined in 100 matched pairs of gallbladder cancer tissues. A positive correlation between high epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels and poor prognosis was observed in gallbladder cancer tissues. Pharmacological inhibition or inhibition via RNA interference of epidermal growth factor receptor induced cellular senescence in gallbladder cancer cells. The antitumor effect of arctigenin on gallbladder cancer cells was primarily achieved by inducing cellular senescence. In gallbladder cancer cells treated with arctigenin, the expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor significantly decreased. The analysis of the activity of the kinases downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor revealed that the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the cellular senescence induced by arctigenin could be reverted by pcDNA-epidermal growth factor receptor. Arctigenin also potently inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts, which was accompanied by the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and induction of senescence. This study demonstrates arctigenin could induce cellular senescence in gallbladder cancer through the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. These data identify epidermal growth factor receptor as a key regulator in arctigenin-induced gallbladder cancer senescence.

Growth and optical properties of Tm:GdVO{sub 4} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, Y.; Akagawa, K.; Wada, S.; Tashiro, H. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research; Suh, S.J.; Yoon, D.H. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research]|[Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, Sung Kyun Kwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Fukuda, T. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research]|[Inst. for Materials Research, Tohoku Univ. (Japan)

1999-04-01

Thulium-doped gadolinium vanadate (Tm:GdVO{sub 4}) single crystal has been successfully grown by a modified Czochralski (CZ) technique. Effective distribution coefficient of Tm was determined to be 0.74. Absorption characterization was performed in the 800 nm region and the maximum absorption peak was found at 799 nm for {pi} polarization. Fluorescence spectra for tuning at the maximum absorption were obtained around 1.8-2.0 {mu}m region with 100 nm bandwidth. This suggests that a Tm:GdVO{sub 4} crystal is expected as a new promising LD pumped solid-state laser in the 2 {mu}m region. (orig.) 9 refs.

Billions of basepairs of recently expanded, repetitive sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome during copepod development.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Cheng; Wyngaard, Grace; Walton, D Brian; Wichman, Holly A; Mueller, Rachel Lockridge

2014-03-11

Chromatin diminution is the programmed deletion of DNA from presomatic cell or nuclear lineages during development, producing single organisms that contain two different nuclear genomes. Phylogenetically diverse taxa undergo chromatin diminution--some ciliates, nematodes, copepods, and vertebrates. In cyclopoid copepods, chromatin diminution occurs in taxa with massively expanded germline genomes; depending on species, germline genome sizes range from 15 - 75 Gb, 12-74 Gb of which are lost from pre-somatic cell lineages at germline--soma differentiation. This is more than an order of magnitude more sequence than is lost from other taxa. To date, the sequences excised from copepods have not been analyzed using large-scale genomic datasets, and the processes underlying germline genomic gigantism in this clade, as well as the functional significance of chromatin diminution, have remained unknown. Here, we used high-throughput genomic sequencing and qPCR to characterize the germline and somatic genomes of Mesocyclops edax, a freshwater cyclopoid copepod with a germline genome of ~15 Gb and a somatic genome of ~3 Gb. We show that most of the excised DNA consists of repetitive sequences that are either 1) verifiable transposable elements (TEs), or 2) non-simple repeats of likely TE origin. Repeat elements in both genomes are skewed towards younger (i.e. less divergent) elements. Excised DNA is a non-random sample of the germline repeat element landscape; younger elements, and high frequency DNA transposons and LINEs, are disproportionately eliminated from the somatic genome. Our results suggest that germline genome expansion in M. edax reflects explosive repeat element proliferation, and that billions of base pairs of such repeats are deleted from the somatic genome every generation. Thus, we hypothesize that chromatin diminution is a mechanism that controls repeat element load, and that this load can evolve to be divergent between tissue types within single organisms.

Changes in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein during somatic embryogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui Kairong; Wang Xiaozhe; Chen Xiong; Wang Yafu

1997-01-01

Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus formed from immature embryo of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in N 6 B 5 MS medium I supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mg/L, KT 0.5 mg/L, LH300 mg/L, sucrose 3% were sub-cultured and transferred respectively to N 6 B 5 MS medium II (2,4-D was decreased to 0.5 mg/L and 4 mol/L proline was added). Somatic embryos obtained from embryogenic callus, and plantlet formed from non-embryogenic callus through organogenesis respectively. By incorporation of 3 H-thymidine, 3 H-uridine and 3 H-leucine into DNA, RNA and protein respectively, the rate of synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein during somatic embryogenesis were measured. A large amount of RNA and protein synthesized during the early somatic embryogenesis. The activities of RNA and protein synthesis reached the peak on the 4th and the 8th day respectively, then decreased a little, but kept a high level. The synthesis of DNA increased apparently during the early stage. No apparent change occurred when the embryogenic cell masses formed. The synthesis rate of RNA and protein in non-embryogenic callus were much less than that in embryogenic callus. Actinomycin and cycloheximide inhibited not only the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein, but also the growth of embryogenic callus and somatic embryogenesis. The earlier the inhibitors were added, the greater the influence was caused. The results indicate that the active expression of corresponding genes of wheat is the molecular base of somatic embryogenesis

La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Synthesis, structure and {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartsch, Timo; Eul, Matthias; Poettgen, Rainer [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Benndorf, Christopher; Eckert, Hellmut [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. of Physics

2016-04-01

The phosphide oxides La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} were synthesized from lanthanum, copper(I) oxide, red phosphorus, and lanthanum(III) chloride through a ceramic technique. Single crystals can be grown in a NaCl/KCl flux. Both structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: I4/mmm, a = 403.89(4), c = 2681.7(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0660, 269 F{sup 2} values, 19 variables for La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and a = 407.52(5), c = 4056.8(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0905, 426 F{sup 2} values, 27 variables for La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Refinement of the occupancy parameters revealed full occupancy for the oxygen sites in both compounds. The structures are composed of cationic (La{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layers and covalently bonded (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} polyanionic layers with metallic characteristics, and an additional La{sup 3+} between two adjacent (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} layers. The structure of La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} comprises two additional LaOCl slabs per unit cell. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility studies revealed Pauli paramagnetism. The phosphide substructure of La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} was studied by {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy. By using a suitable dipolar re-coupling approach the two distinct resonances belonging to the P{sub 2}{sup 4-} and the P{sup 3-} units could be identified.

Sm-doped CeO{sub 2} single buffer layer for YBCO coated conductors by polymer assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, G.; Pu, M.H.; Sun, R.P.; Wang, W.T.; Wu, W.; Zhang, X.; Yang, Y. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 (China); Cheng, C.H. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW (Australia); Zhao, Y. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW (Australia)], E-mail: yzhao@home.swjtu.edu.cn

2008-10-20

An over 150 nm thick Sm{sub 0.2}Ce{sub 0.8}O{sub 1.9-x} (SCO) single buffer layer has been deposited on bi-axially textured NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate. Highly in-plane and out-of-plane oriented, dense, smooth and crack free SCO single layer has been obtained via a polymer-assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) approach. YBCO thin film has been deposited equally via a PACSD route on the SCO-buffered NiW, the as grown YBCO yielding a sharp transition at T{sub c0} = 87 K as well as J{sub c}(0 T, 77 K) {approx} 1 MA/cm{sup 2}. These results indicates that RE (lanthanides other than Ce) doping may be an effective approach to improve the critical thickness of solution derived CeO{sub 2} film, which renders it a promising candidate as single buffer layer for YBCO coated conductors.

"Cut-and-paste" manufacture of multiparametric epidermal electronic systems

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Nanshu; Yang, Shixuan; Wang, Pulin

2016-05-01

Epidermal electronics is a class of noninvasive and unobstructive skin-mounted, tattoo-like sensors and electronics capable of vital sign monitoring and establishing human-machine interface. The high cost of manpower, materials, vacuum equipment, and photolithographic facilities associated with its manufacture greatly hinders the widespread use of disposable epidermal electronics. Here we report a cost and time effective, completely dry, benchtop "cut-and-paste" method for the freeform and portable manufacture of multiparametric epidermal sensor systems (ESS) within minutes. This versatile method works for all types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with any tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resulting ESS are multimaterial and multifunctional and have been demonstrated to noninvasively but accurately measure electrophysiological signals, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. In addition, planar stretchable coils exploiting double-stranded serpentine design have been successfully applied as wireless, passive epidermal strain sensors.

Two crystal structures of Ag sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X and Ag sub 2 sub 3 Tl sub 6 sub 9 -X

CERN Document Server

Kim, S Y; Kim, Y

2002-01-01

Two crystal structures of dehydrated Ag sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X (Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X and Ag sub 2 sub 3 Tl sub 6 sub 9 -X) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C (a = 24.758(4) A, a = 24.947(4) A, respectively). Their structures were refined to the final error indices R sub 1 = 0.055 and wR sub 2 = 0.057 with 375 reflections, and R sub 1 = 0.058 and wR sub 2 = 0.057 with 235 reflections, respectively, for which I> 3 sigma(I). In the structure of Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X, 27 Ag sup + ions were found at two crystallographic sites: 15 Ag sup + ions at site I at the center of the hexagonal prism and the remaining 12 Ag sup + ions at site II' in the sodalite cavity. Sixty-five Tl sup + ions were located at three crystallographic sites: 20 Tl sup + ions at site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage, 18 Tl sup + ions at site I' in the sodalite cavity opposite the D6Rs, and the remaining 27 Tl sup ...

High-x sub T single-spin asymmetry in. pi. sup 0 and. eta. production at x sub F =0 by 200 GeV polarized antiprotons and protons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adams, D L; Akchurin, N; Belikov, N I; Bystricky, J; Corcoran, M D; Cossairt, J D; Cranshaw, J; Derevschikov, A A; En' yo, H; Funahashi, H; Goto, Y; Grachov, O A; Grosnick, D P; Hill, D A; Imai, K; Itow, Y; Iwatani, K; Krueger, K W; Kuroda, K; Laghai, M; Lehar, F; Lesquen, A de; Lopiano, D; Luehring, F C; Maki, T; Makino, S; Masaike, A; Matulenko, Yu A; Meschanin, A P; Michalowicz, A; Miller, D H; Miyake, K; Nagamine, T; Nessi-Tedaldi, F; Nessi, M; Nguyen, C; Nurushev, S B; Ohashi, Y; Onel, Y; Patalakha, D I; Pauletta, G; Penzo, A; Read, A L; Roberts, J B; Van Rossum, L; Rykov, V L; Saito, N; Salvato, G; Schiavon, P; Skeens, J; Solovyanov, V L; Spinka, H; Takashima, R; Takeutchi, F; Tamura, N; Tanaka, N; Underwood, D G; Vasiliev, A N; Villari, A; White, J L; Yamashita, S; Yokosawa, A; Yoshida, T; Zanetti, A [T.W. Bonner Nuclear Lab., Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States) Dept. of Physics, Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA (Unite; FNAL E704 Collaboration

1992-02-20

A measurement of the single-spin asymmetry A{sub N} in p{up arrow}+p{yields}{pi}{sup 0}+X at 200 GeV with x{sub F}=0 shows a transition in the production process from a 'low-x{sub T}' regime with A{sub N}=0, through an intermediate region of negative asymmetry, to a 'high-x{sub T}' regime with A{sub N}>0.3. This transition occurs at x{sub T}{approx equal}0.4 and is consistent with x{sub T}-scaling of A{sub N} in pion production using polarized beams or targets from {radical}-s=5.2 to 19.4 GeV. Results for A{sub N} in {eta} production by polarized protons and in {pi}{sup 0} production by polarized antiprotons are also presented. (orig.).

Evaluation of Nine Somatic Variant Callers for Detection of Somatic Mutations in Exome and Targeted Deep Sequencing Data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krøigård, Anne Bruun; Thomassen, Mads; Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke

2016-01-01

a comprehensive evaluation using exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing data of paired tumor-normal samples from five breast cancer patients to evaluate the performance of nine publicly available somatic variant callers: EBCall, Mutect, Seurat, Shimmer, Indelocator, Somatic Sniper, Strelka, VarScan 2...

Foliar Epidermal Studies of Plants in Euphorbiaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. A. Thakur

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This paper describes foliar epidermal structure in 17 species belonging to 17 genera of the family Euphoprbiaceae. Anomocytic stomata is predominant, rarely they are anisocytic, paracytic on the same foliar surface with different combinations. Leaves are hypostomatic and rarely amphistomatic. The foliar surface is smooth, rarely striated. The foliar epidermal cell walls are straight or undulate. Distribution of stomata, stomatal index, stomatal frequency, stomatal size and other cell wall contours are described in detail.

DSM-IV-TR “pain disorder associated with psychological factors” as a nonhysterical form of somatization

OpenAIRE

Aragona, Massimiliano; Tarsitani, Lorenzo; De Nitto, Serena; Inghilleri, Maurizio

2008-01-01

BACKGROUND: Elevated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores on the hysteria (Hy) scale are reported in several forms of pain. Previous results were possibly biased by diagnostic heterogeneity (psychogenic, somatic and mixed pain syndromes included in the same index sample) or Hy heterogeneity (failure to differentiate Hy scores into clinically meaningful sub-scales, such as admission of symptoms [Ad] and denial of symptoms [Dn]).METHODS: To overcome this drawback, 48 patien...

Dielectric properties of layered FeGaInS{sub 4} single crystals in an alternating electric field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mammadov, F. M. [Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry (Azerbaijan); Niftiyev, N. N., E-mail: namiq7@bk.ru [Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (Azerbaijan)

2016-09-15

The results of investigations of the frequency and temperature dependences of dielectric losses and the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity in FeGaInS{sub 4} single crystals are presented. Their experimental values are determined. It is established that the loss tangent and the imaginary part of the permittivity of FeGaInS{sub 4} single crystals in a field with frequencies of 10{sup 4}–10{sup 6} Hz decrease inversely proportional to the frequency (tanδ ~ 1/ω), and the conductivity is characterized by the band–hopping mechanism. For FeGaInS{sub 4}, the relaxation time is calculated, and it is established that there is a mechanism of electron polarization caused by thermal motion in this crystal.

Study of various evaporation rates of the mixture of Alq{sub 3}: DCM in a single furnace crucible

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abedi, Zahra; Janghouri, Mohammad [Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran 1983963113 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mohajerani, Ezeddin, E-mail: e-mohajerani@sbu.ac.ir [Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran 1983963113 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Alahbakhshi, Masoud; Azari, Amin [Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran 1983963113 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Fallahi, Afsoon [Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-03-15

The emitting color for a new organic light emitting diode (OLED) structure is tuned by doping an appropriate amount of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) orange dye into tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq{sub 3}) emissive layer. Here, the blend of Alq{sub 3}:DCM is deposited in a single furnace crucible by various evaporation rates. The electro-optical behavior of organic light emitting diode devices is greatly influenced by varying the Alq{sub 3}:DCM film composition. It is investigated that when the deposition rate increased from 0.6 to 5 Å/s, complete energy transfer occurred from Alq{sub 3} to DCM and Electroluminescence (EL) peak shifted to higher wavelength regions. The device with evaporation rate of 0.6 Å/s shows a luminance of 3532 cd/m{sup 2} and maximum efficiency of 0.82 cd/A at 20 V. These blends show excellent orange emission host–guest system properties with easier deposition rate control. -- Highlight: • We fabricated light emitting layer by dissolving dyes in common solvent followed by thermal evaporation of dyes. • Achieving orange emissions with a single furnace. • We investigated for the first time Alq{sub 3}:DCM evaporation rate by using single furnace.

Structure and physical properties of RT{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=rare earth, T=Ni, Pd) compounds with the CeCr{sub 2}Al{sub 20}-type structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burnett, V.W.; Yazici, D.; White, B.D. [Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (United States); Dilley, N.R. [Quantum Design, 6325 Lusk Boulevard, San Diego, CA 92121 (United States); Friedman, A.J.; Brandom, B. [Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (United States); Maple, M.B., E-mail: mbmaple@physics.ucsd.edu [Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (United States)

2014-07-01

Eleven new compounds, R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) and R Pd{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Ce, Pr, Sm), were grown as single crystals in high temperature cadmium-rich solutions. They crystallize in the cubic CeCr{sub 2}Al{sub 20}-type structure (Fd3{sup ¯}m, Z=8) as characterized by measurements of powder X-ray diffraction. Electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat measurements were performed on R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) single crystals. Whereas YNi{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} and LaNi{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} exhibit unremarkable metallic behavior, when magnetic moments from localized 4f electron states (Gd{sup 3+}–Tb{sup 3+}) are embedded into this host, they exhibit ferromagnetic order with values of the Curie temperature T{sub C} for R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Gd, and Tb) which scale with the de Gennes factor. - Graphical abstract: Specific heat divided by temperature C/T vs. T for single crystals of R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Y, La–Nd, Gd, and Tb). Left inset: Low temperature C/T vs. T{sup 2} for LaNi{sub 2}Cd{sub 20}. The solid line represents a linear fit of the data. Right inset: Low-temperature C/T data vs. T for R=Ce–Nd, Gd, and Tb; magnetic ordering temperatures are indicated by arrows. - Highlights: • R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) single crystals synthesized for the first time. • R Pd{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Ce, Pr, Sm) single crystals synthesized for the first time. • Single crystals are of good metallurgical quality (large RRR values). • NdNi{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} orders antiferromagnetically at T{sub N}=1.5 K. • R Ni{sub 2}Cd{sub 20} (R=Sm, Gd, Tb) order ferromagnetically.

Neutron diffraction and thermoelectric properties of indium filled In{sub x}Co{sub 4}Sb{sub 12} (x = 0.05, 0.2) and indium cerium filled Ce{sub 0.05}In{sub 0.1}Co{sub 4}Sb{sub 12} skutterudites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sesselmann, Andreas [Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, 51147 Koeln (Germany); Klobes, Benedikt [Juelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS und Peter Gruenberg Institute PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich (Germany); Dasgupta, Titas [Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai (India); Gourdon, Olivier [Los Alamos National Laboratory, LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Hermann, Raphael [Juelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS und Peter Gruenberg Institute PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich (Germany); Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Liege, 4000 Liege (Belgium); Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Mueller, Eckhard [Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, 51147 Koeln (Germany); Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen (Germany)

2016-03-15

The thermoelectric properties on polycrystalline single (In) and double filled (Ce, In) skutterudites are characterized between 300 and 700 K. Powder neutron diffraction measurements of the skutterudite compositions In{sub x}Co{sub 4}Sb{sub 12} (x = 0.05, 0.2) and Ce{sub 0.05}In{sub 0.1}Co{sub 4}Sb{sub 12} as a function of temperature (12-300 K) were carried out, which gives more insight into the structural data of single and double-filled skutterudites. Results show that due to the annealing treatment, a Sb deficiency is detectable and thus verifies defects at the Sb lattice site of the skutterudite. Furthermore, we show by electron microprobe analysis that a considerable amount of indium is lost during synthesis and post-processing for the single indium filled samples, but not for the double cerium and indium skutterudite sample. In our experiments, the double-filled skutterudite is superior to the single-filled skutterudite composition due to a higher charge carrier density, a comparable lattice thermal resistivity, and a higher density of states effective mass. Furthermore, we obtained a significantly higher Einstein temperature for the double-filled skutterudite composition in comparison to the single-filled species, which reflects the high sensitivity due to filling of the void lattice position within the skutterudite crystal. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The association of work stress with somatic symptoms in Chinese working women: a large cross-sectional survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jian; Ding, Hui; Han, Wei; Jin, Lei; Kong, Ling-Na; Mao, Kang-Na; Wang, Hong; Wu, Jiang-Ping; Wu, Ying; Yang, Liu; Zhou, Yu; Wang, You-Xin; Wang, Wei; Loerbroks, Adrian; Angerer, Peter

2016-10-01

It has been suggested that the relationship between work stress and somatic symptoms (e.g., cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal complaints, general pain, and fatigue) is particularly pronounced in women. As evidence from China is sparse, we used a large sample of Chinese working women to test those potential associations. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study of 6826 working women in five urban areas in China who were free from major clinical disease. The sample was drawn from five occupations (physicians, nurses, school teachers, bank employees, and industrial workers). The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 were used to measure work stress and somatic symptoms, respectively. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations. 52.6% participants reported high work stress in terms of concurrent high effort and low reward. The distribution of severity of somatic symptoms covered the full range from minimal (37.3%) and low (30.6%), to medium (19.7%) and high (12.4%). The adjusted odds ratio of somatic symptoms by high work stress was 2.45 (95% confidence interval=2.24-2.68), and all single psychosocial work factors (effort, reward, and over-commitment) exerted substantial effects on somatic symptoms (odds ratios>2.00). Work stress is strongly associated with somatic symptoms in Chinese working women. Future longitudinal studies and intervention studies are needed to understand and improve women's psychosocial work environment and their psychosomatic health in China and elsewhere. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

AC losses of single-core MgB{sub 2} wires with different metallic sheaths

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kováč, J., E-mail: elekjkov@savba.sk; Šouc, J.; Kováč, P.; Hušek, I.

2015-12-15

Highlights: • AC losses in single-core MgB{sub 2} wires with different metallic sheaths have been measured. • It has been shown that metallic sheath can affect the measured AC loss considerably. • GlidCop and Stainless Steel have negligible effect to the overall loss. • Strong contribution of eddy currents has been found in the wire with well conductive copper sheath. • Due to Monel sheath AC loss of MgB{sub 2} core is not visible. - Abstract: AC losses of single-core MgB{sub 2} superconductors with different metallic sheaths (Cu, GlidCop, stainless steel and Monel) have been measured and analyzed. These wires were exposed to external magnetic field with frequencies 72 and 144 Hz and amplitudes up to 0.1 T at temperatures ranged from 18 to 40 K. The obtained results have shown that applied metallic sheath can affect the measured AC loss considerably. In the case of GlidCop and Stainless Steel a negligible small effect of metallic sheath was observed. Strong contribution of eddy currents has been found in the wire with well conductive copper sheath. In the case of Monel sheath, the hysteresis loss of magnetic sheath is dominated and AC loss of MgB{sub 2} core is practically not visible.

“Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 7}” is Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nalbandyan, V.B.

2017-05-15

It is shown that the compound known as Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 7} and considered as a promising catalyst and oxidation product of alloys does not exist and its XRD pattern actually corresponds to Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2} - Graphical abstract: XRD pattern of “Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 7}” (top) is identical to that for Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2} (bottom) based on single-crystal structural data. - Highlights: • Popular catalyst known as Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 7} is actually Ni{sub 5}TiO{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2}. • B{sub 2}O{sub 3} came from the flux used for crystal growth. • Some authors reporting this phase did not use any boron compounds.

Structure and optical properties of [In{sub 1−2x}Sn{sub x}Zn{sub x}]GaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub m}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eichhorn, Simon; Mader, Werner, E-mail: mader@uni-bonn.de

2016-01-15

Compounds of [In{sub 1−2x}Sn{sub x}Zn{sub x}]GaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub 1} (x≤0.22) and [In{sub 1−2x}Sn{sub x}Zn{sub x}]GaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub 2} (x≤0.42) were prepared by solid state processing proving a substantial solid solution of Sn in the layered compounds InGaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub m} (m=1, 2). Single crystal X-ray diffraction of the compounds reveals two In{sup 3+} ions to be substituted by one Sn{sup 4+} and one Zn{sup 2+} at the octahedral layer preserving the average charge of +3 at these sites. The substitution does not lead to an ordering of the ions but proves for the first time that the octahedral site can be occupied by different ions while all characteristics of the layered structures remain unchanged. Consequences of indium substitution are (i) decrease of the a axis compared to InGaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub m} according to smaller ionic radii of Sn{sup 4+} and Zn{sup 2+} compared to In{sup 3+} and (ii) shift of the optical band gap to higher energies shown by UV–vis measurements. - Graphical abstract: Substitution limits of indium in InGaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub m} (IGZO) by Sn and Zn are studied for m=1, 2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction and micro-chemical analysis. - Highlights: • New Oxides [In{sub 1−2x}Sn{sub x}Zn{sub x}]GaO{sub 3}(ZnO){sub m} (m=1, 2) with IGZO type structure. • Sn and Zn substitute for In at octahedral sites. • Crystal structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. • Optical band gap energies were determined by UV–vis spectroscopy.

Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate.

Science.gov (United States)

Chermnykh, Elina; Kalabusheva, Ekaterina; Vorotelyak, Ekaterina

2018-03-27

Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.

Irradiation effects and hydrogen behavior in H{sub 2}{sup +} and He{sup +} implanted γ-LiAlO{sub 2} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiang, Weilin, E-mail: weilin.jiang@pnnl.gov [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States); Zhang, Jiandong; Kovarik, Libor; Zhu, Zihua [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States); Price, Lloyd; Gigax, Jonathan; Castanon, Elizabeth; Wang, Xuemei; Shao, Lin [Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX (United States); Senor, David J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States)

2017-02-15

Gamma-phase lithium aluminate (γ-LiAlO{sub 2}) is a breeder material for tritium, a necessary substance for strategic stockpile and fusion power systems. A fundamental study of structural evolution and tritium diffusion in γ-LiAlO{sub 2} under displacive irradiation is needed to fully assess the material performance. This study utilizes ion implantation of protium (surrogate for tritium) and helium in γ-LiAlO{sub 2} single crystals at elevated temperatures to emulate the irradiation effects. The results show that at 573 K there are two distinct disorder saturation stages to 1 dpa without full amorphization; overlapping implantation of H{sub 2}{sup +} and He{sup +} ions suggests possible formation of gas bubbles. For irradiation to 10{sup 21} H{sup +}/m{sup 2} (0.36 dpa at peak) at 773 K, amorphization occurs at surface with H diffusion and dramatic Li loss; the microstructure contains bubbles and cubic LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8} precipitates with sizes up to 200 nm or larger. In addition, significant H diffusion and release are observed during thermal annealing. - Highlights: • Disorder saturation stages are observed in γ-LiAlO{sub 2} irradiated with H{sub 2}{sup +} ions at 573 K. • Li loss occurs during H{sub 2}{sup +} ion implantation in γ-LiAlO{sub 2} at elevated temperatures (573–773 K). • Both gas bubbles and cubic LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8} precipitates are formed in γ-LiAlO{sub 2} irradiated with H{sub 2}{sup +} ions at 773 K. • Isochronal annealing at temperatures up to 773 K leads to significant H release.

Somatic embryogenesis in cassava: A tool for mutation breeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, K.S.; Duren, M. Van; Morpurgo, R.

1997-01-01

Cassava is an important food and livestock feed crop. The effect of gamma radiation on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cassava clones of African origin was investigated. Explants from young leaves of cassava were cultured on MS medium, supplemented with 18.1 mM 2,4-D and 2 mM CuSO4, solidified with 0.3% Phytagel. Compact and friable calli were observed after 10-15 days of explant culture in dark, which produced somatic embryos in all but one clone. The somatic embryos showed morphological aberrations, such as fused cotyledons, lack of meristematic tip, epicotyl elongation, and had low germination rate; desiccation of embryos increased germination. Histological study showed that the somatic embryos were of multicellular origin. Leaf explants were irradiated with doses between 4 to 38 Gy of gamma rays, and cultured on somatic embryo induction medium. In addition, somatic embryos were irradiated with gamma ray doses from 10 to 18 Gy, and analyzed for germination. LD 50 for embryogenic response of leaf-explants was at around 20 Gy, while that for somatic embryo germination was ca. 10 Gy. (author). 7 refs, 2 tabs

Somatic Symptom Disorder in Semantic Dementia: The Role of Alexisomia.

Science.gov (United States)

Gan, Joanna J; Lin, Andrew; Samimi, Mersal S; Mendez, Mario F

Semantic dementia (SD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of semantic knowledge. SD may be associated with somatic symptom disorder due to excessive preoccupation with unidentified somatic sensations. To evaluate the frequency of somatic symptom disorder among patients with SD in comparison to comparably demented patients with Alzheimer׳s disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using clinical data from a referral-based behavioral neurology program. Fifty-three patients with SD meeting criteria for imaging-supported semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (another term for SD) were compared with 125 patients with clinically probable Alzheimer disease. Logistic regression controlled for sex, age, disease duration, education, overall cognitive impairment, and depression. The prevalence of somatic symptom disorder was significantly higher among patients with SD (41.5%) compared to patients with Alzheimer disease (11.2%) (odds ratio = 6:1; p Cotard syndrome or the delusion that unidentified somatic symptoms signify death or deterioration. SD, a disorder of semantic knowledge, is associated with somatic symptom disorder from impaired identification of somatic sensations. Their inability to read and name somatic sensations, or "alexisomia," results in disproportionate and persistent concern about somatic sensations with consequent significant disability. Copyright © 2016 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrical properties and phase transition of Ba(Zr{sub 0.05}Ti{sub 0.95}){sub 1−x}(Fe{sub 0.5}Ta{sub 0.5}){sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruea-In, C. [Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University (Thailand); Rujijanagul, G., E-mail: rujijanagul@yahoo.com [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University (Thailand)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • Properties of of Ba(Zr{sub 0.05}Ti{sub 0.95}){sub 1−x}(Fe{sub 0.5}Ta{sub 0.5}){sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics were investigated. • Small amount of dopant produced a large change in dielectric and phase transition. • A phase diagram of Ba(Zr{sub 0.05}Ti{sub 0.95}){sub 1−x}(Fe{sub 0.5}Ta{sub 0.5}){sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics was proposed. • Dielectric tunability increased with increasing x concentration. - Abstract: In this work, properties of Ba(Zr{sub 0.05}Ti{sub 0.95}){sub 1−x}(Fe{sub 0.5}Ta{sub 0.5}){sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics with 0.00≤ x ≤0.07 were investigated. The ceramics were fabricated by a solid state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all samples exhibited single phase perovskite. Examination of the dielectric spectra revealed that the Fe and Ta additives promoted a diffuse phase transition, and the two phase transition temperatures, as observed in the dielectric curve of pure Ba(Zr{sub 0.05}Ti{sub 0.95})O{sub 3}, merged into a single phase transition temperature for higher x concentrations. The transformation was confirmed by ferroelectric measurements. In addition, the doped ceramics exhibited high relative dielectric tunability, especially for higher x concentration samples.