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Sample records for simple algebraic model

  1. Gradings on simple Lie algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Elduque, Alberto

    2013-01-01

    Gradings are ubiquitous in the theory of Lie algebras, from the root space decomposition of a complex semisimple Lie algebra relative to a Cartan subalgebra to the beautiful Dempwolff decomposition of E_8 as a direct sum of thirty-one Cartan subalgebras. This monograph is a self-contained exposition of the classification of gradings by arbitrary groups on classical simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic not equal to 2 as well as on some nonclassical simple Lie algebras in positive characteristic. Other important algebras also enter the stage: matrix algebras, the octonions, and the Albert algebra. Most of the presented results are recent and have not yet appeared in book form. This work can be used as a textbook for graduate students or as a reference for researchers in Lie theory and neighboring areas.

  2. Simple relation algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Givant, Steven

    2017-01-01

    This monograph details several different methods for constructing simple relation algebras, many of which are new with this book. By drawing these seemingly different methods together, all are shown to be aspects of one general approach, for which several applications are given. These tools for constructing and analyzing relation algebras are of particular interest to mathematicians working in logic, algebraic logic, or universal algebra, but will also appeal to philosophers and theoretical computer scientists working in fields that use mathematics. The book is written with a broad audience in mind and features a careful, pedagogical approach; an appendix contains the requisite background material in relation algebras. Over 400 exercises provide ample opportunities to engage with the material, making this a monograph equally appropriate for use in a special topics course or for independent study. Readers interested in pursuing an extended background study of relation algebras will find a comprehensive treatme...

  3. Simple Lie algebras and Dynkin diagrams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buccella, F.

    1983-01-01

    The following theorem is studied: in a simple Lie algebra of rank p there are p positive roots such that all the other n-3p/2 positive roots are linear combinations of them with integer non negative coefficients. Dykin diagrams are built by representing the simple roots with circles and drawing a junction between the roots. Five exceptional algebras are studied, focusing on triple junction algebra, angular momentum algebra, weights of the representation, antisymmetric tensors, and subalgebras

  4. Strong Bisimilarity of Simple Process Algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Srba, Jirí

    2003-01-01

    We study bisimilarity and regularity problems of simple process algebras. In particular, we show PSPACE-hardness of the following problems: (i) strong bisimilarity of Basic Parallel Processes (BPP), (ii) strong bisimilarity of Basic Process Algebra (BPA), (iii) strong regularity of BPP, and (iv......) strong regularity of BPA. We also demonstrate NL-hardness of strong regularity problems for the normed subclasses of BPP and BPA. Bisimilarity problems of simple process algebras are introduced in a general framework of process rewrite systems, and a uniform description of the new techniques used...

  5. Unipotent and nilpotent classes in simple algebraic groups and lie algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Liebeck, Martin W

    2012-01-01

    This book concerns the theory of unipotent elements in simple algebraic groups over algebraically closed or finite fields, and nilpotent elements in the corresponding simple Lie algebras. These topics have been an important area of study for decades, with applications to representation theory, character theory, the subgroup structure of algebraic groups and finite groups, and the classification of the finite simple groups. The main focus is on obtaining full information on class representatives and centralizers of unipotent and nilpotent elements. Although there is a substantial literature on this topic, this book is the first single source where such information is presented completely in all characteristics. In addition, many of the results are new--for example, those concerning centralizers of nilpotent elements in small characteristics. Indeed, the whole approach, while using some ideas from the literature, is novel, and yields many new general and specific facts concerning the structure and embeddings of...

  6. Biderivations of finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Tang, Xiaomin

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, we prove that a biderivation of a finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebra without the restriction of skewsymmetric is inner. As an application, the biderivation of a general linear Lie algebra is presented. In particular, we find a class of a non-inner and non-skewsymmetric biderivations. Furthermore, we also get the forms of linear commuting maps on the finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebra or general linear Lie algebra.

  7. Classification of simple flexible Lie-admissible algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okubo, S.; Myung, H.C.

    1979-01-01

    Let A be a finite-dimensional flexible Lie-admissible algebra over the complex field such that A - is a simple Lie algebra. It is shown that either A is itself a Lie algebra isomorphic to A - or A - is a Lie algebra of type A/sub n/ (n greater than or equal to 2). In the latter case, A is isomorphic to the algebra defined on the space of (n + 1) x (n + 1) traceless matrices with multiplication given by x * y = μxy + (1 - μ)yx - (1/(n + 100 Tr (xy) E where μ is a fixed scalar, xy denotes the matrix operators in Lie algebras which has been studied in theoretical physics. We also discuss a broader class of Lie algebras over arbitrary field of characteristic not equal to 2, called quasi-classical, which includes semisimple as well as reductive Lie algebras. For this class of Lie algebras, we can introduce a multiplication which makes the adjoint operator space into an associative algebra. When L is a Lie algebra with nondegenerate killing form, it is shown that the adjoint operator algebra of L in the adjoint representation becomes a commutative associative algebra with unit element and its dimension is 1 or 2 if L is simple over the complex field. This is related to the known result that a Lie algebra of type A/sub n/ (n greater than or equal to 2) alone has a nonzero completely symmetric adjoint operator in the adjoint representation while all other algebras have none. Finally, Lie-admissible algebras associated with bilinear form are investigated

  8. Critical analysis of algebraic collective models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moshinsky, M.

    1986-01-01

    The author shall understand by algebraic collective models all those based on specific Lie algebras, whether the latter are suggested through simple shell model considerations like in the case of the Interacting Boson Approximation (IBA), or have a detailed microscopic foundation like the symplectic model. To analyze these models critically, it is convenient to take a simple conceptual example of them in which all steps can be implemented analytically or through elementary numerical analysis. In this note he takes as an example the symplectic model in a two dimensional space i.e. based on a sp(4,R) Lie algebra, and show how through its complete discussion we can get a clearer understanding of the structure of algebraic collective models of nuclei. In particular he discusses the association of Hamiltonians, related to maximal subalgebras of our basic Lie algebra, with specific types of spectra, and the connections between spectra and shapes

  9. Logarithmic sℓ-hat (2) CFT models from Nichols algebras: I

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Semikhatov, A M; Tipunin, I Yu

    2013-01-01

    We construct chiral algebras that centralize rank-2 Nichols algebras with at least one fermionic generator. This gives ‘logarithmic’ W-algebra extensions of a fractional-level sℓ-hat (2) algebra. We discuss crucial aspects of the emerging general relation between Nichols algebras and logarithmic conformal field theory (CFT) models: (i) the extra input, beyond the Nichols algebra proper, needed to uniquely specify a conformal model; (ii) a relation between the CFT counterparts of Nichols algebras connected by Weyl groupoid maps; and (iii) the common double bosonization U(X) of such Nichols algebras. For an extended chiral algebra, candidates for its simple modules that are counterparts of the U(X) simple modules are proposed, as a first step toward a functorial relation between U(X) and W-algebra representation categories. (paper)

  10. An introduction to central simple algebras and their applications to wireless communication

    CERN Document Server

    Berhuy, Gre�gory

    2013-01-01

    Central simple algebras arise naturally in many areas of mathematics. They are closely connected with ring theory, but are also important in representation theory, algebraic geometry and number theory. Recently, surprising applications of the theory of central simple algebras have arisen in the context of coding for wireless communication. The exposition in the book takes advantage of this serendipity, presenting an introduction to the theory of central simple algebras intertwined with its applications to coding theory. Many results or constructions from the standard theory are presented in classical form, but with a focus on explicit techniques and examples, often from coding theory. Topics covered include quaternion algebras, splitting fields, the Skolem-Noether Theorem, the Brauer group, crossed products, cyclic algebras and algebras with a unitary involution. Code constructions give the opportunity for many examples and explicit computations. This book provides an introduction to the theory of central alg...

  11. On the homotopy equivalence of simple AI-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aristov, O Yu

    1999-01-01

    Let A and B be simple unital AI-algebras (an AI-algebra is an inductive limit of C*-algebras of the form BigOplus i k C([0,1],M N i ). It is proved that two arbitrary unital homomorphisms from A into B such that the corresponding maps K 0 A→K 0 B coincide are homotopic. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the Elliott invariant for A and B to be homotopy equivalent are indicated. Moreover, two algebras in the above class having the same K-theory but not homotopy equivalent are constructed. A theorem on the homotopy of approximately unitarily equivalent homomorphisms between AI-algebras is used in the proof, which is deduced in its turn from a generalization to the case of AI-algebras of a theorem of Manuilov stating that a unitary matrix almost commuting with a self-adjoint matrix h can be joined to 1 by a continuous path consisting of unitary matrices almost commuting with h

  12. Irreducible almost simple subgroups of classical algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Burness, Timothy C; Marion, Claude; Testerman, Donna M

    2015-01-01

    Let G be a simple classical algebraic group over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p\\geq 0 with natural module W. Let H be a closed subgroup of G and let V be a nontrivial p-restricted irreducible tensor indecomposable rational KG-module such that the restriction of V to H is irreducible. In this paper the authors classify the triples (G,H,V) of this form, where V \

  13. Simple skew category algebras associated with minimal partially defined dynamical systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nystedt, Patrik; Öinert, Per Johan

    2013-01-01

    In this article, we continue our study of category dynamical systems, that is functors s from a category G to Topop, and their corresponding skew category algebras. Suppose that the spaces s(e), for e∈ob(G), are compact Hausdorff. We show that if (i) the skew category algebra is simple, then (ii) G...

  14. Algebraic Specifications, Higher-order Types and Set-theoretic Models

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kirchner, Hélène; Mosses, Peter David

    2001-01-01

    , and power-sets. This paper presents a simple framework for algebraic specifications with higher-order types and set-theoretic models. It may be regarded as the basis for a Horn-clause approximation to the Z framework, and has the advantage of being amenable to prototyping and automated reasoning. Standard......In most algebraic  specification frameworks, the type system is restricted to sorts, subsorts, and first-order function types. This is in marked contrast to the so-called model-oriented frameworks, which provide higer-order types, interpreted set-theoretically as Cartesian products, function spaces...... set-theoretic models are considered, and conditions are given for the existence of initial reduct's of such models. Algebraic specifications for various set-theoretic concepts are considered....

  15. Tensor models, Kronecker coefficients and permutation centralizer algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Geloun, Joseph Ben; Ramgoolam, Sanjaye

    2017-11-01

    We show that the counting of observables and correlators for a 3-index tensor model are organized by the structure of a family of permutation centralizer algebras. These algebras are shown to be semi-simple and their Wedderburn-Artin decompositions into matrix blocks are given in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of symmetric groups. The matrix basis for the algebras also gives an orthogonal basis for the tensor observables which diagonalizes the Gaussian two-point functions. The centres of the algebras are associated with correlators which are expressible in terms of Kronecker coefficients (Clebsch-Gordan multiplicities of symmetric groups). The color-exchange symmetry present in the Gaussian model, as well as a large class of interacting models, is used to refine the description of the permutation centralizer algebras. This discussion is extended to a general number of colors d: it is used to prove the integrality of an infinite family of number sequences related to color-symmetrizations of colored graphs, and expressible in terms of symmetric group representation theory data. Generalizing a connection between matrix models and Belyi maps, correlators in Gaussian tensor models are interpreted in terms of covers of singular 2-complexes. There is an intriguing difference, between matrix and higher rank tensor models, in the computational complexity of superficially comparable correlators of observables parametrized by Young diagrams.

  16. Generalized Lotka—Volterra systems connected with simple Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Charalambides, Stelios A; Damianou, Pantelis A; Evripidou, Charalambos A

    2015-01-01

    We devise a new method for producing Hamiltonian systems by constructing the corresponding Lax pairs. This is achieved by considering a larger subset of the positive roots than the simple roots of the root system of a simple Lie algebra. We classify all subsets of the positive roots of the root system of type A n for which the corresponding Hamiltonian systems are transformed, via a simple change of variables, to Lotka-Volterra systems. For some special cases of subsets of the positive roots of the root system of type A n , we produce new integrable Hamiltonian systems. (paper)

  17. Generalized Lotka—Volterra systems connected with simple Lie algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Charalambides, Stelios A.; Damianou, Pantelis A.; Evripidou, Charalambos A.

    2015-06-01

    We devise a new method for producing Hamiltonian systems by constructing the corresponding Lax pairs. This is achieved by considering a larger subset of the positive roots than the simple roots of the root system of a simple Lie algebra. We classify all subsets of the positive roots of the root system of type An for which the corresponding Hamiltonian systems are transformed, via a simple change of variables, to Lotka-Volterra systems. For some special cases of subsets of the positive roots of the root system of type An, we produce new integrable Hamiltonian systems.

  18. Inverse Modelling Problems in Linear Algebra Undergraduate Courses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martinez-Luaces, Victor E.

    2013-01-01

    This paper will offer an analysis from a theoretical point of view of mathematical modelling, applications and inverse problems of both causation and specification types. Inverse modelling problems give the opportunity to establish connections between theory and practice and to show this fact, a simple linear algebra example in two different…

  19. Principles of Stagewise Separation Process Calculations: A Simple Algebraic Approach Using Solvent Extraction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crittenden, Barry D.

    1991-01-01

    A simple liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) system involving a constant partition coefficient based on solute ratios is used to develop an algebraic understanding of multistage contacting in a first-year separation processes course. This algebraic approach to the LLE system is shown to be operable for the introduction of graphical techniques…

  20. Correction of Proofs in "Purely Infinite Simple C*-algebras Arising from Free Product Constructions'' and a Subsequent Paper

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ara, Pere; Dykema, Kenneth J.; Rørdam, Mikael

    2013-01-01

    The proofs of Theorem 2.2 of K. J. Dykema and M. Rørdam, Purely infinite simple C∗-algebras arising from free product constructions}, Canad. J. Math. 50 (1998), 323--341 and of Theorem 3.1 of K. J. Dykema, Purely infinite simple C∗-algebras arising from free product constructions, II, Math. Scand...

  1. Q-systems as cluster algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kedem, Rinat

    2008-01-01

    Q-systems first appeared in the analysis of the Bethe equations for the XXX model and generalized Heisenberg spin chains (Kirillov and Reshetikhin 1987 Zap. Nauchn. Sem. Leningr. Otd. Mat. Inst. Steklov. 160 211-21, 301). Such systems are known to exist for any simple Lie algebra and many other Kac-Moody algebras. We formulate the Q-system associated with any simple, simply-laced Lie algebras g in the language of cluster algebras (Fomin and Zelevinsky 2002 J. Am. Math. Soc. 15 497-529), and discuss the relation of the polynomiality property of the solutions of the Q-system in the initial variables, which follows from the representation-theoretical interpretation, to the Laurent phenomenon in cluster algebras (Fomin and Zelevinsky 2002 Adv. Appl. Math. 28 119-44)

  2. On flux integrals for generalized Melvin solution related to simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ivashchuk, V.D. [VNIIMS, Center for Gravitation and Fundamental Metrology, Moscow (Russian Federation); Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology, Moscow (Russian Federation)

    2017-10-15

    A generalized Melvin solution for an arbitrary simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra G is considered. The solution contains a metric, n Abelian 2-forms and n scalar fields, where n is the rank of G. It is governed by a set of n moduli functions H{sub s}(z) obeying n ordinary differential equations with certain boundary conditions imposed. It was conjectured earlier that these functions should be polynomials - the so-called fluxbrane polynomials. These polynomials depend upon integration constants q{sub s}, s = 1,.., n. In the case when the conjecture on the polynomial structure for the Lie algebra G is satisfied, it is proved that 2-form flux integrals Φ{sup s} over a proper 2d submanifold are finite and obey the relations q{sub s} Φ{sup s} = 4πn{sub s}h{sub s}, where the h{sub s} > 0 are certain constants (related to dilatonic coupling vectors) and the n{sub s} are powers of the polynomials, which are components of a twice dual Weyl vector in the basis of simple (co-)roots, s = 1,.., n. The main relations of the paper are valid for a solution corresponding to a finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebra G. Examples of polynomials and fluxes for the Lie algebras A{sub 1}, A{sub 2}, A{sub 3}, C{sub 2}, G{sub 2} and A{sub 1} + A{sub 1} are presented. (orig.)

  3. The algebraic collective model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rowe, D.J.; Turner, P.S.

    2005-01-01

    A recently proposed computationally tractable version of the Bohr collective model is developed to the extent that we are now justified in describing it as an algebraic collective model. The model has an SU(1,1)xSO(5) algebraic structure and a continuous set of exactly solvable limits. Moreover, it provides bases for mixed symmetry collective model calculations. However, unlike the standard realization of SU(1,1), used for computing beta wave functions and their matrix elements in a spherical basis, the algebraic collective model makes use of an SU(1,1) algebra that generates wave functions appropriate for deformed nuclei with intrinsic quadrupole moments ranging from zero to any large value. A previous paper focused on the SO(5) wave functions, as SO(5) (hyper-)spherical harmonics, and computation of their matrix elements. This paper gives analytical expressions for the beta matrix elements needed in applications of the model and illustrative results to show the remarkable gain in efficiency that is achieved by using such a basis in collective model calculations for deformed nuclei

  4. The "Number Crunch" Game: A Simple Vehicle for Building Algebraic Reasoning Skills

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugden, Steve

    2012-01-01

    A newspaper numbers game based on simple arithmetic relationships is discussed. Its potential to give students of elementary algebra practice in semi-"ad hoc" reasoning and to build general arithmetic reasoning skills is explored. (Contains 3 figures, 7 tables and 3 notes.)

  5. A set for relational reasoning: Facilitation of algebraic modeling by a fraction task.

    Science.gov (United States)

    DeWolf, Melissa; Bassok, Miriam; Holyoak, Keith J

    2016-12-01

    Recent work has identified correlations between early mastery of fractions and later math achievement, especially in algebra. However, causal connections between aspects of reasoning with fractions and improved algebra performance have yet to be established. The current study investigated whether relational reasoning with fractions facilitates subsequent algebraic reasoning using both pre-algebra students and adult college students. Participants were first given either a relational reasoning fractions task or a fraction algebra procedures control task. Then, all participants solved word problems and constructed algebraic equations in either multiplication or division format. The word problems and the equation construction tasks involved simple multiplicative comparison statements such as "There are 4 times as many students as teachers in a classroom." Performance on the algebraic equation construction task was enhanced for participants who had previously completed the relational fractions task compared with those who completed the fraction algebra procedures task. This finding suggests that relational reasoning with fractions can establish a relational set that promotes students' tendency to model relations using algebraic expressions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Coherent states and classical limit of algebraic quantum models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scutaru, H.

    1983-01-01

    The algebraic models for collective motion in nuclear physics belong to a class of theories the basic observables of which generate selfadjoint representations of finite dimensional, real Lie algebras, or of the enveloping algebras of these Lie algebras. The simplest and most used for illustrations model of this kind is the Lipkin model, which is associated with the Lie algebra of the three dimensional rotations group, and which presents all characteristic features of an algebraic model. The Lipkin Hamiltonian is the image, of an element of the enveloping algebra of the algebra SO under a representation. In order to understand the structure of the algebraic models the author remarks that in both classical and quantum mechanics the dynamics is associated to a typical algebraic structure which we shall call a dynamical algebra. In this paper he shows how the constructions can be made in the case of the algebraic quantum systems. The construction of the symplectic manifold M can be made in this case using a quantum analog of the momentum map which he defines

  7. Boolean algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Goodstein, R L

    2007-01-01

    This elementary treatment by a distinguished mathematician employs Boolean algebra as a simple medium for introducing important concepts of modern algebra. Numerous examples appear throughout the text, plus full solutions.

  8. Vertex algebras and mirror symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borisov, L.A.

    2001-01-01

    Mirror Symmetry for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties is by now well established. However, previous approaches to it did not uncover the underlying reason for mirror varieties to be mirror. We are able to calculate explicitly vertex algebras that correspond to holomorphic parts of A and B models of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in toric varieties. We establish the relation between these vertex algebras for mirror Calabi-Yau manifolds. This should eventually allow us to rewrite the whole story of toric mirror symmetry in the language of sheaves of vertex algebras. Our approach is purely algebraic and involves simple techniques from toric geometry and homological algebra, as well as some basic results of the theory of vertex algebras. Ideas of this paper may also be useful in other problems related to maps from curves to algebraic varieties.This paper could also be of interest to physicists, because it contains explicit description of holomorphic parts of A and B models of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in terms of free bosons and fermions. (orig.)

  9. Toda theories, W-algebras, and minimal models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mansfield, P.; Spence, B.

    1991-01-01

    We discuss the classical W-algebra symmetries of Toda field theories in terms of the pseudo-differential Lax operator associated with the Toda Lax pair. We then show how the W-algebra transformations can be understood as the non-abelian gauge transformations which preserve the form of the Lax pair. This provides a new understanding of the W-algebras, and we discuss their closure and co-cycle structure using this approach. The quantum Lax operator is investigated, and we show that this operator, which generates the quantum W-algebra currents, is conserved in the conformally extended Toda theories. The W-algebra minimal model primary fields are shown to arise naturally in these theories, leading to the conjecture that the conformally extended Toda theories provide a lagrangian formulation of the W-algebra minimal models. (orig.)

  10. Axis Problem of Rough 3-Valued Algebras

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Jianhua Dai; Weidong Chen; Yunhe Pan

    2006-01-01

    The collection of all the rough sets of an approximation space has been given several algebraic interpretations, including Stone algebras, regular double Stone algebras, semi-simple Nelson algebras, pre-rough algebras and 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras. A 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a Stone algebra, a regular double Stone algebra, a semi-simple Nelson algebra, a pre-rough algebra. Thus, we call the algebra constructed by the collection of rough sets of an approximation space a rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra. In this paper,the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, which are a special kind of 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, are studied. Whether the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a axled 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is examined.

  11. Nonflexible Lie-admissible algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Myung, H.C.

    1978-01-01

    We discuss the structure of Lie-admissible algebras which are defined by nonflexible identities. These algebras largely arise from the antiflexible algebras, 2-varieties and associator dependent algebras. The nonflexible Lie-admissible algebras in our discussion are in essence byproducts of the study of nonassociative algebras defined by identities of degree 3. The main purpose is to discuss the classification of simple Lie-admissible algebras of nonflexible type

  12. An algorithm to construct the basic algebra of a skew group algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Horobeţ, E.

    2016-01-01

    We give an algorithm for the computation of the basic algebra Morita equivalent to a skew group algebra of a path algebra by obtaining formulas for the number of vertices and arrows of the new quiver Qb. We apply this algorithm to compute the basic algebra corresponding to all simple quaternion

  13. Modeling digital switching circuits with linear algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Thornton, Mitchell A

    2014-01-01

    Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra describes an approach for modeling digital information and circuitry that is an alternative to Boolean algebra. While the Boolean algebraic model has been wildly successful and is responsible for many advances in modern information technology, the approach described in this book offers new insight and different ways of solving problems. Modeling the bit as a vector instead of a scalar value in the set {0, 1} allows digital circuits to be characterized with transfer functions in the form of a linear transformation matrix. The use of transf

  14. W algebra in the SU(3) parafermion model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ding, X.; Fan, H.; Shi, K.; Wang, P.; Zhu, C.

    1993-01-01

    A construction of W 3 algebra for the SU(3) parafermion model is proposed, in which a Z algebra technique is used instead of the popular free-field realization. The central charge of the underlying algebra is different from known W algebras

  15. Algebraic formulation of collective models. I. The mass quadrupole collective model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosensteel, G.; Rowe, D.J.

    1979-01-01

    This paper is the first in a series of three which together present a microscopic formulation of the Bohr--Mottelson (BM) collective model of the nucleus. In this article the mass quadrupole collective (MQC) model is defined and shown to be a generalization of the BM model. The MQC model eliminates the small oscillation assumption of BM and also yields the rotational and CM (3) submodels by holonomic constraints on the MQC configuration space. In addition, the MQC model is demonstrated to be an algebraic model, so that the state space of the MQC model carries an irrep of a Lie algebra of microscopic observables, the MQC algebra. An infinite class of new collective models is then given by the various inequivalent irreps of this algebra. A microscopic embedding of the BM model is achieved by decomposing the representation of the MQC algebra on many-particle state space into its irreducible components. In the second paper this decomposition is studied in detail. The third paper presents the symplectic model, which provides the realization of the collective model in the harmonic oscillator shell model

  16. Isovectorial pairing in solvable and algebraic models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lerma, Sergio; Vargas, Carlos E; Hirsch, Jorge G

    2011-01-01

    Schematic interactions are useful to gain some insight in the behavior of very complicated systems such as the atomic nuclei. Prototypical examples are, in this context, the pairing interaction and the quadrupole interaction of the Elliot model. In this contribution the interplay between isovectorial pairing, spin-orbit, and quadrupole terms in a harmonic oscillator shell (the so-called pairing-plus-quadrupole model) is studied by algebraic methods. The ability of this model to provide a realistic description of N = Z even-even nuclei in the fp-shell is illustrated with 44 Ti. Our calculations which derive from schematic and simple terms confirm earlier conclusions obtained by using realistic interactions: the SU(3) symmetry of the quadrupole term is broken mainly by the spin-orbit term, but the energies depends strongly on pairing.

  17. Regularity of C*-algebras and central sequence algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Martin S.

    The main topic of this thesis is regularity properties of C*-algebras and how these regularity properties are re ected in their associated central sequence algebras. The thesis consists of an introduction followed by four papers [A], [B], [C], [D]. In [A], we show that for the class of simple...... Villadsen algebra of either the rst type with seed space a nite dimensional CW complex, or the second type, tensorial absorption of the Jiang-Su algebra is characterized by the absence of characters on the central sequence algebra. Additionally, in a joint appendix with Joan Bosa, we show that the Villadsen...... algebra of the second type with innite stable rank fails the corona factorization property. In [B], we consider the class of separable C*-algebras which do not admit characters on their central sequence algebra, and show that it has nice permanence properties. We also introduce a new divisibility property...

  18. An algebraic model for three-cluster giant molecules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hess, P.O.; Bijker, R.; Misicu, S.

    2001-01-01

    After an introduction to the algebraic U(7) model for three bodies, we present a relation of a geometrical description of three-cluster molecule to the algebraic U(7) model. Stiffness parameters of oscillations between each of two clusters are calculated and translated to the model parameter values of the algebraic model. The model is applied to the trinuclear system l32 Sn+ α + ll6 Pd which occurs in the ternary cold fission of 252 Cf. (Author)

  19. On δ-derivations of n-ary algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaygorodov, Ivan B

    2012-01-01

    We give a description of δ-derivations of (n+1)-dimensional n-ary Filippov algebras and, as a consequence, of simple finite-dimensional Filippov algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We also give new examples of non-trivial δ-derivations of Filippov algebras and show that there are no non-trivial δ-derivations of the simple ternary Mal'tsev algebra M 8 .

  20. The vacuum preserving Lie algebra of a classical W-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feher, L.; Tsutsui, I.

    1993-07-01

    We simplify and generalize an argument due to Bowcock and Watts showing that one can associate a finite Lie algebra (the 'classical vacuum preserving algebra') containing the Moebius sl(2) subalgebra to any classical W-algebra. Our construction is based on a kinematical analysis of the Poisson brackets of quasi-fields. In the case of the W S G -subalgebra S of a simple Lie algebra G, we exhibit a natural isomorphism between this finite Lie algebra and G whereby the Moebius sl(2) is identified with S. (orig.)

  1. Representations of Lie algebras and partial differential equations

    CERN Document Server

    Xu, Xiaoping

    2017-01-01

    This book provides explicit representations of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras, related partial differential equations, linear orthogonal algebraic codes, combinatorics and algebraic varieties, summarizing the author’s works and his joint works with his former students.  Further, it presents various oscillator generalizations of the classical representation theorem on harmonic polynomials, and highlights new functors from the representation category of a simple Lie algebra to that of another simple Lie algebra. Partial differential equations play a key role in solving certain representation problems. The weight matrices of the minimal and adjoint representations over the simple Lie algebras of types E and F are proved to generate ternary orthogonal linear codes with large minimal distances. New multi-variable hypergeometric functions related to the root systems of simple Lie algebras are introduced in connection with quantum many-body systems in one dimension. In addition, the book identifies certai...

  2. Representations of affine Hecke algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Xi, Nanhua

    1994-01-01

    Kazhdan and Lusztig classified the simple modules of an affine Hecke algebra Hq (q E C*) provided that q is not a root of 1 (Invent. Math. 1987). Ginzburg had some very interesting work on affine Hecke algebras. Combining these results simple Hq-modules can be classified provided that the order of q is not too small. These Lecture Notes of N. Xi show that the classification of simple Hq-modules is essentially different from general cases when q is a root of 1 of certain orders. In addition the based rings of affine Weyl groups are shown to be of interest in understanding irreducible representations of affine Hecke algebras. Basic knowledge of abstract algebra is enough to read one third of the book. Some knowledge of K-theory, algebraic group, and Kazhdan-Lusztig cell of Cexeter group is useful for the rest

  3. Complex algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Kollár, János

    1997-01-01

    This volume contains the lectures presented at the third Regional Geometry Institute at Park City in 1993. The lectures provide an introduction to the subject, complex algebraic geometry, making the book suitable as a text for second- and third-year graduate students. The book deals with topics in algebraic geometry where one can reach the level of current research while starting with the basics. Topics covered include the theory of surfaces from the viewpoint of recent higher-dimensional developments, providing an excellent introduction to more advanced topics such as the minimal model program. Also included is an introduction to Hodge theory and intersection homology based on the simple topological ideas of Lefschetz and an overview of the recent interactions between algebraic geometry and theoretical physics, which involve mirror symmetry and string theory.

  4. Category-theoretic models of algebraic computer systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovalyov, S. P.

    2016-01-01

    A computer system is said to be algebraic if it contains nodes that implement unconventional computation paradigms based on universal algebra. A category-based approach to modeling such systems that provides a theoretical basis for mapping tasks to these systems' architecture is proposed. The construction of algebraic models of general-purpose computations involving conditional statements and overflow control is formally described by a reflector in an appropriate category of algebras. It is proved that this reflector takes the modulo ring whose operations are implemented in the conventional arithmetic processors to the Łukasiewicz logic matrix. Enrichments of the set of ring operations that form bases in the Łukasiewicz logic matrix are found.

  5. Fusion algebras of logarithmic minimal models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rasmussen, Joergen; Pearce, Paul A

    2007-01-01

    We present explicit conjectures for the chiral fusion algebras of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') considering Virasoro representations with no enlarged or extended symmetry algebra. The generators of fusion are countably infinite in number but the ensuing fusion rules are quasi-rational in the sense that the fusion of a finite number of representations decomposes into a finite direct sum of representations. The fusion rules are commutative, associative and exhibit an sl(2) structure but require so-called Kac representations which are typically reducible yet indecomposable representations of rank 1. In particular, the identity of the fundamental fusion algebra p ≠ 1 is a reducible yet indecomposable Kac representation of rank 1. We make detailed comparisons of our fusion rules with the results of Gaberdiel and Kausch for p = 1 and with Eberle and Flohr for (p, p') = (2, 5) corresponding to the logarithmic Yang-Lee model. In the latter case, we confirm the appearance of indecomposable representations of rank 3. We also find that closure of a fundamental fusion algebra is achieved without the introduction of indecomposable representations of rank higher than 3. The conjectured fusion rules are supported, within our lattice approach, by extensive numerical studies of the associated integrable lattice models. Details of our lattice findings and numerical results will be presented elsewhere. The agreement of our fusion rules with the previous fusion rules lends considerable support for the identification of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') with the augmented c p,p' (minimal) models defined algebraically

  6. Computational algebraic geometry of epidemic models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez Vega, Martín.

    2014-06-01

    Computational Algebraic Geometry is applied to the analysis of various epidemic models for Schistosomiasis and Dengue, both, for the case without control measures and for the case where control measures are applied. The models were analyzed using the mathematical software Maple. Explicitly the analysis is performed using Groebner basis, Hilbert dimension and Hilbert polynomials. These computational tools are included automatically in Maple. Each of these models is represented by a system of ordinary differential equations, and for each model the basic reproductive number (R0) is calculated. The effects of the control measures are observed by the changes in the algebraic structure of R0, the changes in Groebner basis, the changes in Hilbert dimension, and the changes in Hilbert polynomials. It is hoped that the results obtained in this paper become of importance for designing control measures against the epidemic diseases described. For future researches it is proposed the use of algebraic epidemiology to analyze models for airborne and waterborne diseases.

  7. Classification of non-simple C*-algebras of real rank zero

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Arklint, Sara Esther

    for real rank zero graph algebras over primitive ideal spaces that admit classification. As a consequence of completeness of filtered K-theory combined with this range result, one can conclude that real rank zero extensions of stabilized Cuntz-Krieger algebras are stabilized Cuntz-Krieger algebras......This thesis deals with classification of nonsimple C-algebras of real rank zero, and whether filtered K-theory is a suitable invariant for this purpose. As a consequence of the result of E. Kirchberg for purely infinite, nuclear C-algebras with a finite primitive ideal space, it suffices to lift...... the thesis is the following: is it possible to achieve the desired classification result for arbitrary finite primitive ideal spaces by restricting to C-algebras of real rank zero that possibly satisfy further restrictions on K-theory? The thesis consists of an account of the relevant theory and the relevant...

  8. Quantization and representation theory of finite W algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boer, J. de; Tjin, T.

    1993-01-01

    In this paper we study the finitely generated algebras underlying W algebras. These so called 'finite W algebras' are constructed as Poisson reductions of Kirillov Poisson structures on simple Lie algebras. The inequivalent reductions are labeled by the inequivalent embeddings of sl 2 into the simple Lie algebra in question. For arbitrary embeddings a coordinate free formula for the reduced Poisson structure is derived. We also prove that any finite W algebra can be embedded into the Kirillov Poisson algebra of a (semi)simple Lie algebra (generalized Miura map). Furthermore it is shown that generalized finite Toda systems are reductions of a system describing a free particle moving on a group manifold and that they have finite W symmetry. In the second part we BRST quantize the finite W algebras. The BRST cohomoloy is calculated using a spectral sequence (which is different from the one used by Feigin and Frenkel). This allows us to quantize all finite W algebras in one stroke. Examples are given. In the last part of the paper we study the representation theory of finite W algebras. It is shown, using a quantum inversion of the generalized Miura transformation, that the representations of finite W algebras can be constructed from the representations of a certain Lie subalgebra of the original simple Lie algebra. As a byproduct of this we are able to construct the Fock realizations of arbitrary finite W algebras. (orig.)

  9. Iwahori-Hecke algebras and Schur algebras of the symmetric group

    CERN Document Server

    Mathas, Andrew

    1999-01-01

    This volume presents a fully self-contained introduction to the modular representation theory of the Iwahori-Hecke algebras of the symmetric groups and of the q-Schur algebras. The study of these algebras was pioneered by Dipper and James in a series of landmark papers. The primary goal of the book is to classify the blocks and the simple modules of both algebras. The final chapter contains a survey of recent advances and open problems. The main results are proved by showing that the Iwahori-Hecke algebras and q-Schur algebras are cellular algebras (in the sense of Graham and Lehrer). This is proved by exhibiting natural bases of both algebras which are indexed by pairs of standard and semistandard tableaux respectively. Using the machinery of cellular algebras, which is developed in Chapter 2, this results in a clean and elegant classification of the irreducible representations of both algebras. The block theory is approached by first proving an analogue of the Jantzen sum formula for the q-Schur algebras. T...

  10. A new (in)finite-dimensional algebra for quantum integrable models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baseilhac, Pascal; Koizumi, Kozo

    2005-01-01

    A new (in)finite-dimensional algebra which is a fundamental dynamical symmetry of a large class of (continuum or lattice) quantum integrable models is introduced and studied in details. Finite-dimensional representations are constructed and mutually commuting quantities-which ensure the integrability of the system-are written in terms of the fundamental generators of the new algebra. Relation with the deformed Dolan-Grady integrable structure recently discovered by one of the authors and Terwilliger's tridiagonal algebras is described. Remarkably, this (in)finite-dimensional algebra is a 'q-deformed' analogue of the original Onsager's algebra arising in the planar Ising model. Consequently, it provides a new and alternative algebraic framework for studying massive, as well as conformal, quantum integrable models

  11. Current algebra of WZNW models at and away from criticality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdalla, E.; Forger, M.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper, the authors derive the current algebra of principal chiral models with a Wess-Zumino term. At the critical coupling where the model becomes conformally invariant (Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten theory), this algebra reduces to two commuting Kac-Moody algebras, while in the limit where the coupling constant is taken to zero (ordinary chiral model), we recover the current algebra of that model. In this way, the latter is explicitly realized as a deformation of the former, with the coupling constant as the deformation parameter

  12. Algebraic computability and enumeration models recursion theory and descriptive complexity

    CERN Document Server

    Nourani, Cyrus F

    2016-01-01

    This book, Algebraic Computability and Enumeration Models: Recursion Theory and Descriptive Complexity, presents new techniques with functorial models to address important areas on pure mathematics and computability theory from the algebraic viewpoint. The reader is first introduced to categories and functorial models, with Kleene algebra examples for languages. Functorial models for Peano arithmetic are described toward important computational complexity areas on a Hilbert program, leading to computability with initial models. Infinite language categories are also introduced to explain descriptive complexity with recursive computability with admissible sets and urelements. Algebraic and categorical realizability is staged on several levels, addressing new computability questions with omitting types realizably. Further applications to computing with ultrafilters on sets and Turing degree computability are examined. Functorial models computability is presented with algebraic trees realizing intuitionistic type...

  13. Bases in Lie and quantum algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballesteros, A; Celeghini, E; Olmo, M A del

    2008-01-01

    Applications of algebras in physics are related to the connection of measurable observables to relevant elements of the algebras, usually the generators. However, in the determination of the generators in Lie algebras there is place for some arbitrary conventions. The situation is much more involved in the context of quantum algebras, where inside the quantum universal enveloping algebra, we have not enough primitive elements that allow for a privileged set of generators and all basic sets are equivalent. In this paper we discuss how the Drinfeld double structure underlying every simple Lie bialgebra characterizes uniquely a particular basis without any freedom, completing the Cartan program on simple algebras. By means of a perturbative construction, a distinguished deformed basis (we call it the analytical basis) is obtained for every quantum group as the analytical prolongation of the above defined Lie basis of the corresponding Lie bialgebra. It turns out that the whole construction is unique, so to each quantum universal enveloping algebra is associated one and only one bialgebra. In this way the problem of the classification of quantum algebras is moved to the classification of bialgebras. In order to make this procedure more clear, we discuss in detail the simple cases of su(2) and su q (2).

  14. Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies

    CERN Document Server

    Zegarelli, Mark

    2010-01-01

    Many students worry about starting algebra. Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies provides an overview of critical pre-algebra concepts to help new algebra students (and their parents) take the next step without fear. Free of ramp-up material, Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies contains content focused on key topics only. It provides discrete explanations of critical concepts taught in a typical pre-algebra course, from fractions, decimals, and percents to scientific notation and simple variable equations. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical pre-algebra

  15. Chiral algebras in Landau-Ginzburg models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dedushenko, Mykola

    2018-03-01

    Chiral algebras in the cohomology of the {\\overline{Q}}+ supercharge of two-dimensional N=(0,2) theories on flat spacetime are discussed. Using the supercurrent multiplet, we show that the answer is renormalization group invariant for theories with an R-symmetry. For N=(0,2) Landau-Ginzburg models, the chiral algebra is determined by the operator equations of motion, which preserve their classical form, and quantum renormalization of composite operators. We study these theories and then specialize to the N=(2,2) models and consider some examples.

  16. Introduction to quantum algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kibler, M.R.

    1992-09-01

    The concept of a quantum algebra is made easy through the investigation of the prototype algebras u qp (2), su q (2) and u qp (1,1). The latter quantum algebras are introduced as deformations of the corresponding Lie algebras; this is achieved in a simple way by means of qp-bosons. The Hopf algebraic structure of u qp (2) is also discussed. The basic ingredients for the representation theory of u qp (2) are given. Finally, in connection with the quantum algebra u qp (2), the qp-analogues of the harmonic oscillator are discussed and of the (spherical and hyperbolical) angular momenta. (author) 50 refs

  17. Cellularity of certain quantum endomorphism algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Henning Haahr; Lehrer, G. I.; Zhang, R.

    Let $\\tA=\\Z[q^{\\pm \\frac{1}{2}}][([d]!)\\inv]$ and let $\\Delta_{\\tA}(d)$ be an integral form of the Weyl module of highest weight $d \\in \\N$ of the quantised enveloping algebra $\\U_{\\tA}$ of $\\fsl_2$. We exhibit for all positive integers $r$ an explicit cellular structure for $\\End...... of endomorphism algebras, and another which relates the multiplicities of indecomposable summands to the dimensions of simple modules for an endomorphism algebra. Our cellularity result then allows us to prove that knowledge of the dimensions of the simple modules of the specialised cellular algebra above...

  18. Algebraic Modeling of Topological and Computational Structures and Applications

    CERN Document Server

    Theodorou, Doros; Stefaneas, Petros; Kauffman, Louis

    2017-01-01

    This interdisciplinary book covers a wide range of subjects, from pure mathematics (knots, braids, homotopy theory, number theory) to more applied mathematics (cryptography, algebraic specification of algorithms, dynamical systems) and concrete applications (modeling of polymers and ionic liquids, video, music and medical imaging). The main mathematical focus throughout the book is on algebraic modeling with particular emphasis on braid groups. The research methods include algebraic modeling using topological structures, such as knots, 3-manifolds, classical homotopy groups, and braid groups. The applications address the simulation of polymer chains and ionic liquids, as well as the modeling of natural phenomena via topological surgery. The treatment of computational structures, including finite fields and cryptography, focuses on the development of novel techniques. These techniques can be applied to the design of algebraic specifications for systems modeling and verification. This book is the outcome of a w...

  19. W-realization of Lie algebras. Application to so(4,2) and Poincare algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

    1996-05-01

    The property of some finite W-algebras to appear as the commutant of a particular subalgebra in a simple Lie algebra G is exploited for the obtention of new G-realizations from a 'canonical' differential one. The method is applied to the conformal algebra so(4,2) and therefore yields also results for its Poincare subalgebra. Unitary irreducible representations of these algebras are recognized in this approach, which is naturally compared -or associated to - the induced representation technique. (author)

  20. On Associative Conformal Algebras of Linear Growth

    OpenAIRE

    Retakh, Alexander

    2000-01-01

    Lie conformal algebras appear in the theory of vertex algebras. Their relation is similar to that of Lie algebras and their universal enveloping algebras. Associative conformal algebras play a role in conformal representation theory. We introduce the notions of conformal identity and unital associative conformal algebras and classify finitely generated simple unital associative conformal algebras of linear growth. These are precisely the complete algebras of conformal endomorphisms of finite ...

  1. Exchange algebra and exotic supersymmetry in the Chiral Potts model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernard, D.; Pasquier, V.

    1989-01-01

    We obtain an exchange algebra for the Chiral Potts model, the elements of which are linear in the parameters defining the rapidity curve. This enables us to connect the Chiral Potts model to a U q (GL(2)) algebra. On the other hand, looking at the model from the S-matrix point of view relates it to a Z N generalisation of the supersymmetric algebra

  2. W-realization of Lie algebras. Application to so(4,2) and Poincare algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

    1996-05-01

    The property of some finite W-algebras to appear as the commutant of a particular subalgebra in a simple Lie algebra G is exploited for the obtention of new G-realizations from a `canonical` differential one. The method is applied to the conformal algebra so(4,2) and therefore yields also results for its Poincare subalgebra. Unitary irreducible representations of these algebras are recognized in this approach, which is naturally compared -or associated to - the induced representation technique. (author). 12 refs.

  3. Feature-Oriented Programming with Object Algebras

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    B.C.d.S. Oliveira (Bruno); T. van der Storm (Tijs); A. Loh; W.R. Cook

    2013-01-01

    htmlabstractObject algebras are a new programming technique that enables a simple solution to basic extensibility and modularity issues in programming languages. While object algebras excel at defining modular features, the composition mechanisms for object algebras (and features) are still

  4. Hyper-lattice algebraic model for data warehousing

    CERN Document Server

    Sen, Soumya; Chaki, Nabendu

    2016-01-01

    This book presents Hyper-lattice, a new algebraic model for partially ordered sets, and an alternative to lattice. The authors analyze some of the shortcomings of conventional lattice structure and propose a novel algebraic structure in the form of Hyper-lattice to overcome problems with lattice. They establish how Hyper-lattice supports dynamic insertion of elements in a partial order set with a partial hierarchy between the set members. The authors present the characteristics and the different properties, showing how propositions and lemmas formalize Hyper-lattice as a new algebraic structure.

  5. The structure of relation algebras generated by relativizations

    CERN Document Server

    Givant, Steven R

    1994-01-01

    The foundation for an algebraic theory of binary relations was laid by De Morgan, Peirce, and Schröder during the second half of the nineteenth century. Modern development of the subject as a theory of abstract algebras, called "relation algebras", was undertaken by Tarski and his students. This book aims to analyze the structure of relation algebras that are generated by relativized subalgebras. As examples of their potential for applications, the main results are used to establish representation theorems for classes of relation algebras and to prove existence and uniqueness theorems for simple closures (i.e., for minimal simple algebras containing a given family of relation algebras as relativized subalgebras). This book is well written and accessible to those who are not specialists in this area. In particular, it contains two introductory chapters on the arithmetic and the algebraic theory of relation algebras. This book is suitable for use in graduate courses on algebras of binary relations or algebraic...

  6. Algebra for Enterprise Ontology: towards analysis and synthesis of enterprise models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suga, Tetsuya; Iijima, Junichi

    2018-03-01

    Enterprise modeling methodologies have made enterprises more likely to be the object of systems engineering rather than craftsmanship. However, the current state of research in enterprise modeling methodologies lacks investigations of the mathematical background embedded in these methodologies. Abstract algebra, a broad subfield of mathematics, and the study of algebraic structures may provide interesting implications in both theory and practice. Therefore, this research gives an empirical challenge to establish an algebraic structure for one aspect model proposed in Design & Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO), which is a major enterprise modeling methodology in the spotlight as a modeling principle to capture the skeleton of enterprises for developing enterprise information systems. The results show that the aspect model behaves well in the sense of algebraic operations and indeed constructs a Boolean algebra. This article also discusses comparisons with other modeling languages and suggests future work.

  7. Representations of the Virasoro algebra from lattice models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koo, W.M.; Saleur, H.

    1994-01-01

    We investigate in detail how the Virasoro algebra appears in the scaling limit of the simplest lattice models of XXZ or RSOS type. Our approach is straightforward but to our knowledge had never been tried so far. We simply formulate a conjecture for the lattice stress-energy tensor motivated by the exact derivation of lattice global Ward identities. We then check that the proper algebraic relations are obeyed in the scaling limit. The latter is under reasonable control thanks to the Bethe-ansatz solution. The results, which are mostly numerical for technical reasons, are remarkably precise. They are also corroborated by exact pieces of information from various sources, in particular Temperley-Lieb algebra representation theory. Most features of the Virasoro algebra (like central term, null vectors, metric properties, etc.) can thus be observed using the lattice models. This seems of general interest for lattice field theory, and also more specifically for finding relations between conformal invariance and lattice integrability, since a basis for the irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra should now follow (at least in principle) from Bethe-ansatz computations. ((orig.))

  8. Algebraic aspects of exact models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaudin, M.

    1983-01-01

    Spin chains, 2-D spin lattices, chemical crystals, and particles in delta function interaction share the same underlying structures: the applicability of Bethe's superposition ansatz for wave functions, the commutativity of transfer matrices, and the existence of a ternary operator algebra. The appearance of these structures and interrelations from the eight vortex model, for delta function interreacting particles of general spin, and for spin 1/2, are outlined as follows: I. Eight Vortex Model. Equivalences to Ising model and the dimer system. Transfer matrix and symmetry of the Self Conjugate model. Relation between the XYZ Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix. One parameter family of commuting transfer matrices. A representation of the symmetric group spin. Diagonalization of the transfer matrix. The Coupled Spectrum equations. II. Identical particles with Delta Function interaction. The Bethe ansatz. Yang's representation. The Ternary Algebra and intergrability. III. Identical particles with delta function interaction: general solution for two internal states. The problem of spin 1/2 fermions. The Operator method

  9. An algebraic approach to modeling in software engineering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loegel, C.J.; Ravishankar, C.V.

    1993-09-01

    Our work couples the formalism of universal algebras with the engineering techniques of mathematical modeling to develop a new approach to the software engineering process. Our purpose in using this combination is twofold. First, abstract data types and their specification using universal algebras can be considered a common point between the practical requirements of software engineering and the formal specification of software systems. Second, mathematical modeling principles provide us with a means for effectively analyzing real-world systems. We first use modeling techniques to analyze a system and then represent the analysis using universal algebras. The rest of the software engineering process exploits properties of universal algebras that preserve the structure of our original model. This paper describes our software engineering process and our experience using it on both research and commercial systems. We need a new approach because current software engineering practices often deliver software that is difficult to develop and maintain. Formal software engineering approaches use universal algebras to describe ''computer science'' objects like abstract data types, but in practice software errors are often caused because ''real-world'' objects are improperly modeled. There is a large semantic gap between the customer's objects and abstract data types. In contrast, mathematical modeling uses engineering techniques to construct valid models for real-world systems, but these models are often implemented in an ad hoc manner. A combination of the best features of both approaches would enable software engineering to formally specify and develop software systems that better model real systems. Software engineering, like mathematical modeling, should concern itself first and foremost with understanding a real system and its behavior under given circumstances, and then with expressing this knowledge in an executable form

  10. Continuum analogues of contragredient Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saveliev, M.V.; Vershik, A.M.

    1989-03-01

    We present an axiomatic formulation of a new class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras - the generalizations of Z-graded Lie algebras with, generally speaking, an infinite-dimensional Cartan subalgebra and a contiguous set of roots. We call such algebras ''continuum Lie algebras''. The simple Lie algebras of constant growth are encapsulated in our formulation. We pay particular attention to the case when the local algebra is parametrized by a commutative algebra while the Cartan operator (the generalization of the Cartan matrix) is a linear operator. Special examples of these algebras are the Kac-Moody algebras, algebras of Poisson brackets, algebras of vector fields on a manifold, current algebras, and algebras with differential or integro-differential Cartan operator. The nonlinear dynamical systems associated with the continuum contragredient Lie algebras are also considered. (author). 9 refs

  11. Graded associative conformal algebras of finite type

    OpenAIRE

    Kolesnikov, Pavel

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, we consider graded associative conformal algebras. The class of these objects includes pseudo-algebras over non-cocommutative Hopf algebras of regular functions on some linear algebraic groups. In particular, an associative conformal algebra which is graded by a finite group $\\Gamma $ is a pseudo-algebra over the coordinate Hopf algebra of a linear algebraic group $G$ such that the identity component $G^0$ is the affine line and $G/G^0\\simeq \\Gamma $. A classification of simple...

  12. Observable algebras for the rational and trigonometric Euler-Calogero-Moser Models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Avan, J.; Billey, E.

    1995-01-01

    We construct polynomial Poisson algebras of observables for the classical Euler-Calogero-Moser (ECM) models. Their structure connects them to flavour-indexed non-linear W ∞ algebras, albeit with qualitative differences. The conserved Hamiltonians and symmetry algebras derived in a previous work are subsets of these algebra. We define their linear, N →∞ limits, realizing W ∞ type algebras coupled to current algebras. ((orig.))

  13. Wild kernels for higher K-theory of division and semi-simple algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quo Xuejun; Kuku, Aderemi

    2003-06-01

    Let Σ be a semi-simple algebra over a number field F. In this paper, we prove that for all n ≥ 0, the wild kernel WK n (Σ):Ker(K n (Σ) → Π finiteυ K n (Σ υ )) is contained in the torsion part of the image of the natural homomorphism K n (Λ) → K n (Σ), where Λ is a maximal order in Σ. In particular, WK n (Σ) is finite. In the process, we prove that if Λ is a maximal order in a central division algebra D over F, then the kernel of the reduction map K 2n-1 (Λ) → π υ Π finiteυ K 2n-1 (d υ ) is finite. In paragraph 3 we investigate the connections between WK n (D) and div(K n (D)) and prove that divK 2 (Σ) is a subset of WK 2 (Σ); if the index of D is square free, then div(K 2 (D)) ≅ div(K 2 (F)), WK 2 (F) ≅ WK 2 (D) and vertical bar WK 2 (D)/div(K 2 (D)) vertical bar ≤ 2. Finally we prove that if D is a central division algebra over F with [D : F] = m 2 , then (1) div(K n (D)) l = WK n (D) l for all odd primes I and n ≤ 2; (2) if I does not divide m, then div(K 3 (D)) l = WK 3 (D) l = 0; (3) if F = Q and I does not divide m, then div(K n (D)) l is a subset of WK n (D) l for all n. (author)

  14. Quantum deformation of the affine transformation algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aizawa, N.; Sato, Haru-Tada

    1994-01-01

    We discuss a quantum deformation of the affine transformation algebra in one-dimensional space. It is shown that the quantum algebra has a non-cocommutative Hopf algebra structure, simple realizations and quantum tensor operators. (orig.)

  15. A process algebra model of QED

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sulis, William

    2016-01-01

    The process algebra approach to quantum mechanics posits a finite, discrete, determinate ontology of primitive events which are generated by processes (in the sense of Whitehead). In this ontology, primitive events serve as elements of an emergent space-time and of emergent fundamental particles and fields. Each process generates a set of primitive elements, using only local information, causally propagated as a discrete wave, forming a causal space termed a causal tapestry. Each causal tapestry forms a discrete and finite sampling of an emergent causal manifold (space-time) M and emergent wave function. Interactions between processes are described by a process algebra which possesses 8 commutative operations (sums and products) together with a non-commutative concatenation operator (transitions). The process algebra possesses a representation via nondeterministic combinatorial games. The process algebra connects to quantum mechanics through the set valued process and configuration space covering maps, which associate each causal tapestry with sets of wave functions over M. Probabilities emerge from interactions between processes. The process algebra model has been shown to reproduce many features of the theory of non-relativistic scalar particles to a high degree of accuracy, without paradox or divergences. This paper extends the approach to a semi-classical form of quantum electrodynamics. (paper)

  16. A trace formula for the Iwahori-Hecke algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Opdam, E.M.

    1999-01-01

    The Iwahori-Hecke algebra has a canonicaltrace $\\tau$. The trace is the evaluation at the identity element in the usual interpretation of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra as a sub-algebra of the convolution algebra of a p-adic semi-simple group. The Iwahori-Hecke algebra contains an important commutative

  17. Principles of linear algebra with Mathematica

    CERN Document Server

    Shiskowski, Kenneth M

    2013-01-01

    A hands-on introduction to the theoretical and computational aspects of linear algebra using Mathematica® Many topics in linear algebra are simple, yet computationally intensive, and computer algebra systems such as Mathematica® are essential not only for learning to apply the concepts to computationally challenging problems, but also for visualizing many of the geometric aspects within this field of study. Principles of Linear Algebra with Mathematica uniquely bridges the gap between beginning linear algebra and computational linear algebra that is often encountered in applied settings,

  18. On Dimension Theory for a Certain Class of Simple AH Algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ho, Toan M.

    2010-06-01

    A class of unital diagonal AH algebras will be studied in this paper. The density property of the set of all elements which are nilpotent up to (left and right multiple) unitaries is presented. As a consequence, these algebras have stable rank one. Section 3 also shows that an algebra in this class has the property LP (i.e., the linear span of projections is dense) provided a certain condition. Finally, restricting our attention to a special subclass which includes Villadsen algebras of the first type, we give the necessary and sufficient condition of real rank zero. (author)

  19. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX chain with triangular boundaries and Gaudin model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cirilo António, N., E-mail: nantonio@math.ist.utl.pt [Centro de Análise Funcional e Aplicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal); Manojlović, N., E-mail: nmanoj@ualg.pt [Grupo de Física Matemática da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2, PT-1649-003 Lisboa (Portugal); Departamento de Matemática, F.C.T., Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, PT-8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Salom, I., E-mail: isalom@ipb.ac.rs [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 57, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia)

    2014-12-15

    We implement fully the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg spin chain in the case when both boundary matrices can be brought to the upper-triangular form. We define the Bethe vectors which yield the strikingly simple expression for the off shell action of the transfer matrix, deriving the spectrum and the relevant Bethe equations. We explore further these results by obtaining the off shell action of the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians on the corresponding Bethe vectors through the so-called quasi-classical limit. Moreover, this action is as simple as it could possibly be, yielding the spectrum and the Bethe equations of the Gaudin model.

  20. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX chain with triangular boundaries and Gaudin model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cirilo António, N.; Manojlović, N.; Salom, I.

    2014-12-01

    We implement fully the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg spin chain in the case when both boundary matrices can be brought to the upper-triangular form. We define the Bethe vectors which yield the strikingly simple expression for the off shell action of the transfer matrix, deriving the spectrum and the relevant Bethe equations. We explore further these results by obtaining the off shell action of the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians on the corresponding Bethe vectors through the so-called quasi-classical limit. Moreover, this action is as simple as it could possibly be, yielding the spectrum and the Bethe equations of the Gaudin model.

  1. The Centroid of a Lie Triple Algebra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaohong Liu

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available General results on the centroids of Lie triple algebras are developed. Centroids of the tensor product of a Lie triple algebra and a unitary commutative associative algebra are studied. Furthermore, the centroid of the tensor product of a simple Lie triple algebra and a polynomial ring is completely determined.

  2. Towards Model Checking Stochastic Process Algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hermanns, H.; Grieskamp, W.; Santen, T.; Katoen, Joost P.; Stoddart, B.; Meyer-Kayser, J.; Siegle, M.

    2000-01-01

    Stochastic process algebras have been proven useful because they allow behaviour-oriented performance and reliability modelling. As opposed to traditional performance modelling techniques, the behaviour- oriented style supports composition and abstraction in a natural way. However, analysis of

  3. Current algebra of classical non-linear sigma models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Forger, M.; Laartz, J.; Schaeper, U.

    1992-01-01

    The current algebra of classical non-linear sigma models on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds is analyzed. It is found that introducing, in addition to the Noether current j μ associated with the global symmetry of the theory, a composite scalar field j, the algebra closes under Poisson brackets. (orig.)

  4. Value functions on simple algebras, and associated graded rings

    CERN Document Server

    Tignol, Jean-Pierre

    2015-01-01

    This monograph is the first book-length treatment of valuation theory on finite-dimensional division algebras, a subject of active and substantial research over the last forty years. Its development was spurred in the last decades of the twentieth century by important advances such as Amitsur's construction of noncrossed products and Platonov's solution of the Tannaka-Artin problem. This study is particularly timely because it approaches the subject from the perspective of associated graded structures. This new approach has been developed by the authors in the last few years and has significantly clarified the theory. Various constructions of division algebras are obtained as applications of the theory, such as noncrossed products and indecomposable algebras. In addition, the use of valuation theory in reduced Whitehead group calculations (after Hazrat and Wadsworth) and in essential dimension computations (after Baek and Merkurjev) is showcased. The intended audience consists of graduate students and researc...

  5. Deformations of classical Lie algebras with homogeneous root system in characteristic two. I

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chebochko, N G

    2005-01-01

    Spaces of local deformations of classical Lie algebras with a homogeneous root system over a field K of characteristic 2 are studied. By a classical Lie algebra over a field K we mean the Lie algebra of a simple algebraic Lie group or its quotient algebra by the centre. The description of deformations of Lie algebras is interesting in connection with the classification of the simple Lie algebras.

  6. Anisotropic correlated electron model associated with the Temperley-Lieb algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foerster, Angela; Links, Jon; Roditi, Itzhak

    1997-12-01

    We present and anisotropic correlated electron model on a periodic lattice, constructed from an R-matrix associated with the Temperley-Lieb algebra. By modification of the coupling of the first and last sites we obtain a model with quantum algebra invariance. (author)

  7. Algebraic Traveling Wave Solutions of a Non-local Hydrodynamic-type Model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Aiyong; Zhu, Wenjing; Qiao, Zhijun; Huang, Wentao

    2014-01-01

    In this paper we consider the algebraic traveling wave solutions of a non-local hydrodynamic-type model. It is shown that algebraic traveling wave solutions exist if and only if an associated first order ordinary differential system has invariant algebraic curve. The dynamical behavior of the associated ordinary differential system is analyzed. Phase portraits of the associated ordinary differential system is provided under various parameter conditions. Moreover, we classify algebraic traveling wave solutions of the model. Some explicit formulas of smooth solitary wave and cuspon solutions are obtained

  8. Explicit field realizations of W algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Wei, Shao-Wen; Liu, Yu-Xiao; Zhang, Li-Jie; Ren, Ji-Rong

    2009-01-01

    The fact that certain non-linear $W_{2,s}$ algebras can be linearized by the inclusion of a spin-1 current can provide a simple way to realize $W_{2,s}$ algebras from linear $W_{1,2,s}$ algebras. In this paper, we first construct the explicit field realizations of linear $W_{1,2,s}$ algebras with double-scalar and double-spinor, respectively. Then, after a change of basis, the realizations of $W_{2,s}$ algebras are presented. The results show that all these realizations are Romans-type realiz...

  9. Explicit field realizations of W algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wei Shaowen; Liu Yuxiao; Ren Jirong; Zhang Lijie

    2009-01-01

    The fact that certain nonlinear W 2,s algebras can be linearized by the inclusion of a spin-1 current can provide a simple way to realize W 2,s algebras from linear W 1,2,s algebras. In this paper, we first construct the explicit field realizations of linear W 1,2,s algebras with double scalar and double spinor, respectively. Then, after a change of basis, the realizations of W 2,s algebras are presented. The results show that all these realizations are Romans-type realizations.

  10. Kac-Moody algebra is not hidden symmetry of chiral models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Devchand, C.; Schiff, J.

    1997-01-01

    A detailed examination of the infinite dimensional loop algebra of hidden symmetry transformations of the Principal Chiral Model reveals it to have a structure differing from a standard centreless Kac-Moody algebra. A new infinite dimensional Abelian symmetry algebra is shown to preserve a symplectic form on the space of solutions. (author). 15 refs

  11. Rota-Baxter algebras and the Hopf algebra of renormalization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ebrahimi-Fard, K.

    2006-06-15

    Recently, the theory of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory underwent some exciting new developments. Kreimer discovered an organization of Feynman graphs into combinatorial Hopf algebras. The process of renormalization is captured by a factorization theorem for regularized Hopf algebra characters. Hereby the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras enters the scene. In this work we develop in detail several mathematical aspects of Rota-Baxter algebras as they appear also in other sectors closely related to perturbative renormalization, to wit, for instance multiple-zeta-values and matrix differential equations. The Rota-Baxter picture enables us to present the algebraic underpinning for the Connes-Kreimer Birkhoff decomposition in a concise way. This is achieved by establishing a general factorization theorem for filtered algebras. Which in turn follows from a new recursion formula based on the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. This allows us to generalize a classical result due to Spitzer to non-commutative Rota-Baxter algebras. The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff based recursion turns out to be a generalization of Magnus' expansion in numerical analysis to generalized integration operators. We will exemplify these general results by establishing a simple representation of the combinatorics of renormalization in terms of triangular matrices. We thereby recover in the presence of a Rota-Baxter operator the matrix representation of the Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer. (orig.)

  12. Rota-Baxter algebras and the Hopf algebra of renormalization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ebrahimi-Fard, K.

    2006-06-01

    Recently, the theory of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory underwent some exciting new developments. Kreimer discovered an organization of Feynman graphs into combinatorial Hopf algebras. The process of renormalization is captured by a factorization theorem for regularized Hopf algebra characters. Hereby the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras enters the scene. In this work we develop in detail several mathematical aspects of Rota-Baxter algebras as they appear also in other sectors closely related to perturbative renormalization, to wit, for instance multiple-zeta-values and matrix differential equations. The Rota-Baxter picture enables us to present the algebraic underpinning for the Connes-Kreimer Birkhoff decomposition in a concise way. This is achieved by establishing a general factorization theorem for filtered algebras. Which in turn follows from a new recursion formula based on the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. This allows us to generalize a classical result due to Spitzer to non-commutative Rota-Baxter algebras. The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff based recursion turns out to be a generalization of Magnus' expansion in numerical analysis to generalized integration operators. We will exemplify these general results by establishing a simple representation of the combinatorics of renormalization in terms of triangular matrices. We thereby recover in the presence of a Rota-Baxter operator the matrix representation of the Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer. (orig.)

  13. Algebraic approach to small-world network models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rudolph-Lilith, Michelle; Muller, Lyle E.

    2014-01-01

    We introduce an analytic model for directed Watts-Strogatz small-world graphs and deduce an algebraic expression of its defining adjacency matrix. The latter is then used to calculate the small-world digraph's asymmetry index and clustering coefficient in an analytically exact fashion, valid nonasymptotically for all graph sizes. The proposed approach is general and can be applied to all algebraically well-defined graph-theoretical measures, thus allowing for an analytical investigation of finite-size small-world graphs.

  14. Purely infinite C*-algebras arising from crossed products

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rørdam, Mikael; Sierakowski, Adam

    2012-01-01

    We study conditions that will ensure that a crossed product of a C-algebra by a discrete exact group is purely innite (simple or non-simple). We are particularly interested in the case of a discrete nonamenable exact group acting on a commutative C-algebra, where our sucient conditions can...

  15. A Simple, Realistic Stochastic Model of Gastric Emptying.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiraphat Yokrattanasak

    Full Text Available Several models of Gastric Emptying (GE have been employed in the past to represent the rate of delivery of stomach contents to the duodenum and jejunum. These models have all used a deterministic form (algebraic equations or ordinary differential equations, considering GE as a continuous, smooth process in time. However, GE is known to occur as a sequence of spurts, irregular both in size and in timing. Hence, we formulate a simple stochastic process model, able to represent the irregular decrements of gastric contents after a meal. The model is calibrated on existing literature data and provides consistent predictions of the observed variability in the emptying trajectories. This approach may be useful in metabolic modeling, since it describes well and explains the apparently heterogeneous GE experimental results in situations where common gastric mechanics across subjects would be expected.

  16. An algebraic formulation of level one Wess-Zumino-Witten models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boeckenhauer, J.

    1995-07-01

    The highest weight modules of the chiral algebra of orthogonal WZW models at level one possess a realization in fermionic representation spaces; the Kac-Moody and Virasoro generators are represented as unbounded limits of even CAR algebras. It is shown that the representation theory of the underlying even CAR algebras reproduces precisely the sectors of the chiral algebra. This fact allows to develop a theory of local von Neumann algebras on the punctured circle, fitting nicely in the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts framework. The relevant localized endomorphisms which generate the charged sectors are explicitly constructed by means of Bogoliubov transformations. Using CAR theory, the fusion rules in terms of sector equivalence classes are proven. (orig.)

  17. Current algebra, statistical mechanics and quantum models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vilela Mendes, R.

    2017-11-01

    Results obtained in the past for free boson systems at zero and nonzero temperatures are revisited to clarify the physical meaning of current algebra reducible functionals which are associated to systems with density fluctuations, leading to observable effects on phase transitions. To use current algebra as a tool for the formulation of quantum statistical mechanics amounts to the construction of unitary representations of diffeomorphism groups. Two mathematical equivalent procedures exist for this purpose. One searches for quasi-invariant measures on configuration spaces, the other for a cyclic vector in Hilbert space. Here, one argues that the second approach is closer to the physical intuition when modelling complex systems. An example of application of the current algebra methodology to the pairing phenomenon in two-dimensional fermion systems is discussed.

  18. Basic matrix algebra and transistor circuits

    CERN Document Server

    Zelinger, G

    1963-01-01

    Basic Matrix Algebra and Transistor Circuits deals with mastering the techniques of matrix algebra for application in transistors. This book attempts to unify fundamental subjects, such as matrix algebra, four-terminal network theory, transistor equivalent circuits, and pertinent design matters. Part I of this book focuses on basic matrix algebra of four-terminal networks, with descriptions of the different systems of matrices. This part also discusses both simple and complex network configurations and their associated transmission. This discussion is followed by the alternative methods of de

  19. Tracing a planar algebraic curve

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Falai; Kozak, J.

    1994-09-01

    In this paper, an algorithm that determines a real algebraic curve is outlined. Its basic step is to divide the plane into subdomains that include only simple branches of the algebraic curve without singular points. Each of the branches is then stably and efficiently traced in the particular subdomain. Except for the tracing, the algorithm requires only a couple of simple operations on polynomials that can be carried out exactly if the coefficients are rational, and the determination of zeros of several polynomials of one variable. (author). 5 refs, 4 figs

  20. The linear algebra survival guide illustrated with Mathematica

    CERN Document Server

    Szabo, Fred

    2015-01-01

    The Linear Algebra Survival Guide is a reference book with a free downloadable Mathematica notebook containing all of interactive code to make the content of the book playable in Mathematica and the Mathematica Player. It offers a concise introduction to the core topics of linear algebra which includes numerous exercises that will accompany a first or second course in linear algebra. This book will guide you through the powerful graphic displays and visualization of Mathematica that make the most abstract theories seem simple-- allowing you to tackle realistic problems using simple mathematic

  1. The algebra of non-local charges in non-linear sigma models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdalla, E.; Abdalla, M.C.B.; Brunelli, J.C.; Zadra, A.

    1994-01-01

    It is derived the complete Dirac algebra satisfied by non-local charges conserved in non-linear sigma models. Some examples of calculation are given for the O(N) symmetry group. The resulting algebra corresponds to a saturated cubic deformation (with only maximum order terms) of the Kac-Moody algebra. The results are generalized for when a Wess-Zumino term be present. In that case the algebra contains a minor order correction (sub-saturation). (author). 1 ref

  2. Model Checking Processes Specified In Join-Calculus Algebra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sławomir Piotr Maludziński

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This article presents a model checking tool used to verify concurrent systems specified in join-calculus algebra. The temporal properties of systems under verification are expressed in CTL logic. Join-calculus algebra with its operational semantics defined by the chemical abstract machine serves as the basic method for the specification of concurrent systems and their synchronization mechanisms, and allows the examination of more complex systems.

  3. Using process algebra to develop predator-prey models of within-host parasite dynamics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCaig, Chris; Fenton, Andy; Graham, Andrea; Shankland, Carron; Norman, Rachel

    2013-07-21

    As a first approximation of immune-mediated within-host parasite dynamics we can consider the immune response as a predator, with the parasite as its prey. In the ecological literature of predator-prey interactions there are a number of different functional responses used to describe how a predator reproduces in response to consuming prey. Until recently most of the models of the immune system that have taken a predator-prey approach have used simple mass action dynamics to capture the interaction between the immune response and the parasite. More recently Fenton and Perkins (2010) employed three of the most commonly used prey-dependent functional response terms from the ecological literature. In this paper we make use of a technique from computing science, process algebra, to develop mathematical models. The novelty of the process algebra approach is to allow stochastic models of the population (parasite and immune cells) to be developed from rules of individual cell behaviour. By using this approach in which individual cellular behaviour is captured we have derived a ratio-dependent response similar to that seen in the previous models of immune-mediated parasite dynamics, confirming that, whilst this type of term is controversial in ecological predator-prey models, it is appropriate for models of the immune system. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Circle Maps and C*-algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schmidt, Thomas Lundsgaard

    such a map, generalising the transformation groupoid of a local homeomorphism first introduced by Renault in \\cite{re}. We conduct a detailed study of the relationship between the dynamics of $\\phi$, the properties of these groupoids, the structure of their corresponding reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebras, and......, for certain classes of maps, the K-theory of these algebras. When the map $\\phi$ is transitive, we show that the algebras $C^*_r(\\Gamma_\\phi)$ and $C^*_r(\\Gamma_\\phi^+)$ are purely infinite and satisfy the Universal Coefficient Theorem. Furthermore, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for simplicity...... of these algebras in terms of dynamical properties of $\\phi$. We proceed to consider the situation when the algebras are non-simple, and describe the primitive ideal spectrum in this case. We prove that any irreducible representation factors through the $C^*$-algebra of the reduction of the groupoid to the orbit...

  5. The algebra of non-local charges in non-linear sigma models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdalla, E.; Abdalla, M.C.B.; Brunelli, J.C.; Zadra, A.

    1993-07-01

    We obtain the exact Dirac algebra obeyed by the conserved non-local charges in bosonic non-linear sigma models. Part of the computation is specialized for a symmetry group O(N). As it turns out the algebra corresponds to a cubic deformation of the Kac-Moody algebra. The non-linear terms are computed in closed form. In each Dirac bracket we only find highest order terms (as explained in the paper), defining a saturated algebra. We generalize the results for the presence of a Wess-Zumino term. The algebra is very similar to the previous one, containing now a calculable correction of order one unit lower. (author). 22 refs, 5 figs

  6. Algebraic and stochastic coding theory

    CERN Document Server

    Kythe, Dave K

    2012-01-01

    Using a simple yet rigorous approach, Algebraic and Stochastic Coding Theory makes the subject of coding theory easy to understand for readers with a thorough knowledge of digital arithmetic, Boolean and modern algebra, and probability theory. It explains the underlying principles of coding theory and offers a clear, detailed description of each code. More advanced readers will appreciate its coverage of recent developments in coding theory and stochastic processes. After a brief review of coding history and Boolean algebra, the book introduces linear codes, including Hamming and Golay codes.

  7. Special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy linear algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kandasamy, W. B. Vasantha; Smarandache, Florentin; Ilanthenral, K.

    2009-01-01

    The authors in this book introduce the notion of special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy Linear algebra, which is an extension of the notion set linear algebra and set fuzzy linear algebra. These concepts are best suited in the application of multi expert models and cryptology. This book has five chapters. In chapter one the basic concepts about set linear algebra is given in order to make this book a self contained one. The notion of special set linear algebra and their fuzzy analog...

  8. The Cartan Matrix of a Centralizer Algebra

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2010-12-20

    Dec 20, 2010 ... The centralizer algebra of a matrix consists of those matrices that commute with it. We investigate the basic representation-theoretic invariants of centralizer algebras, namely their radicals, projective indecomposable modules, injective indecomposable modules, simple modules and Cartan matrices.

  9. Automorphism modular invariants of current algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gannon, T.; Walton, M.A.

    1996-01-01

    We consider those two-dimensional rational conformal field theories (RCFTs) whose chiral algebras, when maximally extended, are isomorphic to the current algebra formed from some untwisted affine Lie algebra at fixed level. In this case the partition function is specified by an automorphism of the fusion ring and corresponding symmetry of the Kac-Peterson modular matrices. We classify all such partition functions when the underlying finite-dimensional Lie algebra is simple. This gives all possible spectra for this class of RCFTs. While accomplishing this, we also find the primary fields with second smallest quantum dimension. (orig.). With 3 tabs

  10. Polynomial algebra of discrete models in systems biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veliz-Cuba, Alan; Jarrah, Abdul Salam; Laubenbacher, Reinhard

    2010-07-01

    An increasing number of discrete mathematical models are being published in Systems Biology, ranging from Boolean network models to logical models and Petri nets. They are used to model a variety of biochemical networks, such as metabolic networks, gene regulatory networks and signal transduction networks. There is increasing evidence that such models can capture key dynamic features of biological networks and can be used successfully for hypothesis generation. This article provides a unified framework that can aid the mathematical analysis of Boolean network models, logical models and Petri nets. They can be represented as polynomial dynamical systems, which allows the use of a variety of mathematical tools from computer algebra for their analysis. Algorithms are presented for the translation into polynomial dynamical systems. Examples are given of how polynomial algebra can be used for the model analysis. alanavc@vt.edu Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

  11. Intermediate algebra & analytic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Gondin, William R

    1967-01-01

    Intermediate Algebra & Analytic Geometry Made Simple focuses on the principles, processes, calculations, and methodologies involved in intermediate algebra and analytic geometry. The publication first offers information on linear equations in two unknowns and variables, functions, and graphs. Discussions focus on graphic interpretations, explicit and implicit functions, first quadrant graphs, variables and functions, determinate and indeterminate systems, independent and dependent equations, and defective and redundant systems. The text then examines quadratic equations in one variable, system

  12. Certain extensions of vertex operator algebras of affine type

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Haisheng

    2001-01-01

    We generalize Feigin and Miwa's construction of extended vertex operator (super)algebras A k (sl(2)) for other types of simple Lie algebras. For all the constructed extended vertex operator (super)algebras, irreducible modules are classified, complete reducibility of every module is proved and fusion rules are determined modulo the fusion rules for vertex operator algebras of affine type. (orig.)

  13. Generalized algebra-valued models of set theory

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Löwe, B.; Tarafder, S.

    2015-01-01

    We generalize the construction of lattice-valued models of set theory due to Takeuti, Titani, Kozawa and Ozawa to a wider class of algebras and show that this yields a model of a paraconsistent logic that validates all axioms of the negation-free fragment of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.

  14. A Structural Model of Algebra Achievement: Computational Fluency and Spatial Visualisation as Mediators of the Effect of Working Memory on Algebra Achievement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tolar, Tammy Daun; Lederberg, Amy R.; Fletcher, Jack M.

    2009-01-01

    The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a structural model of the relations among cognitive abilities and arithmetic skills and college students' algebra achievement. The model of algebra achievement was compared to a model of performance on the Scholastic Assessment in Mathematics (SAT-M) to determine whether the pattern of relations…

  15. Mathematical modelling in engineering: A proposal to introduce linear algebra concepts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Dorila Cárcamo

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The modern dynamic world requires that basic science courses for engineering, including linear algebra, emphasize the development of mathematical abilities primarily associated with modelling and interpreting, which aren´t limited only to calculus abilities. Considering this, an instructional design was elaborated based on mathematic modelling and emerging heuristic models for the construction of specific linear algebra concepts:  span and spanning set. This was applied to first year engineering students. Results suggest that this type of instructional design contributes to the construction of these mathematical concepts and can also favour first year engineering students understanding of key linear algebra concepts and potentiate the development of higher order skills.

  16. Classification of real Lie superalgebras based on a simple Lie algebra, giving rise to interesting examples involving {mathfrak {su}}(2,2)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guzzo, H.; Hernández, I.; Sánchez-Valenzuela, O. A.

    2014-09-01

    Finite dimensional semisimple real Lie superalgebras are described via finite dimensional semisimple complex Lie superalgebras. As an application of these results, finite dimensional real Lie superalgebras mathfrak {m}=mathfrak {m}_0 oplus mathfrak {m}_1 for which mathfrak {m}_0 is a simple Lie algebra are classified up to isomorphism.

  17. A survey on stability and rigidity results for Lie algebras

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Crainic, Marius; Schätz, Florian; Struchiner, Ivan

    2014-01-01

    We give simple and unified proofs of the known stability and rigidity results for Lie algebras, Lie subalgebras and Lie algebra homomorphisms. Moreover, we investigate when a Lie algebra homomorphism is stable under all automorphisms of the codomain (including outer automorphisms).

  18. Satake diagrams of affine Kac-Moody algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tripathy, L K [S B R Government Womens' College, Berhampur, Orissa 760 001 (India); Pati, K C [Department of Physics, Khallikote College, Berhampur, Orissa 760 001 (India)

    2006-02-10

    Satake diagrams of affine Kac-Moody algebras (untwisted and twisted) are obtained from their Dynkin diagrams. These diagrams give a classification of restricted root systems associated with these algebras. In the case of simple Lie algebras, these root systems and Satake diagrams correspond to symmetric spaces which have recently found many physical applications in quantum integrable systems, quantum transport problems, random matrix theories etc. We hope these types of root systems may have similar applications in theoretical physics in future and may correspond to symmetric spaces analogue of affine Kac-Moody algebras if they exist.

  19. A Simple and Practical Linear Algebra Library Interface with Static Size Checking

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Akinori Abe

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Linear algebra is a major field of numerical computation and is widely applied. Most linear algebra libraries (in most programming languages do not statically guarantee consistency of the dimensions of vectors and matrices, causing runtime errors. While advanced type systems—specifically, dependent types on natural numbers—can ensure consistency among the sizes of collections such as lists and arrays, such type systems generally require non-trivial changes to existing languages and application programs, or tricky type-level programming. We have developed a linear algebra library interface that verifies the consistency (with respect to dimensions of matrix operations by means of generative phantom types, implemented via fairly standard ML types and module system. To evaluate its usability, we ported to it a practical machine learning library from a traditional linear algebra library. We found that most of the changes required for the porting could be made mechanically, and changes that needed human thought are minor.

  20. The Linear Span of Projections in AH Algebras and for Inclusions of C*-Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dinh Trung Hoa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available In the first part of this paper, we show that an AH algebra A=lim→(Ai,ϕi has the LP property if and only if every element of the centre of Ai belongs to the closure of the linear span of projections in A. As a consequence, a diagonal AH-algebra has the LP property if it has small eigenvalue variation in the sense of Bratteli and Elliott. The second contribution of this paper is that for an inclusion of unital C*-algebras P⊂A with a finite Watatani index, if a faithful conditional expectation E:A→P has the Rokhlin property in the sense of Kodaka et al., then P has the LP property under the condition thatA has the LP property. As an application, let A be a simple unital C*-algebra with the LP property, α an action of a finite group G onto Aut(A. If α has the Rokhlin property in the sense of Izumi, then the fixed point algebra AG and the crossed product algebra A ⋊α G have the LP property. We also point out that there is a symmetry on the CAR algebra such that its fixed point algebra does not have the LP property.

  1. Soliton surfaces associated with sigma models: differential and algebraic aspects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldstein, P P; Grundland, A M; Post, S

    2012-01-01

    In this paper, we consider both differential and algebraic properties of surfaces associated with sigma models. It is shown that surfaces defined by the generalized Weierstrass formula for immersion for solutions of the CP N-1 sigma model with finite action, defined in the Riemann sphere, are themselves solutions of the Euler–Lagrange equations for sigma models. On the other hand, we show that the Euler–Lagrange equations for surfaces immersed in the Lie algebra su(N), with conformal coordinates, that are extremals of the area functional, subject to a fixed polynomial identity, are exactly the Euler–Lagrange equations for sigma models. In addition to these differential constraints, the algebraic constraints, in the form of eigenvalues of the immersion functions, are systematically treated. The spectrum of the immersion functions, for different dimensions of the model, as well as its symmetry properties and its transformation under the action of the ladder operators are discussed. Another approach to the dynamics is given, i.e. description in terms of the unitary matrix which diagonalizes both the immersion functions and the projectors constituting the model. (paper)

  2. Lie algebras and applications

    CERN Document Server

    Iachello, Francesco

    2015-01-01

    This course-based primer provides an introduction to Lie algebras and some of their applications to the spectroscopy of molecules, atoms, nuclei and hadrons. In the first part, it concisely presents the basic concepts of Lie algebras, their representations and their invariants. The second part includes a description of how Lie algebras are used in practice in the treatment of bosonic and fermionic systems. Physical applications considered include rotations and vibrations of molecules (vibron model), collective modes in nuclei (interacting boson model), the atomic shell model, the nuclear shell model, and the quark model of hadrons. One of the key concepts in the application of Lie algebraic methods in physics, that of spectrum generating algebras and their associated dynamic symmetries, is also discussed. The book highlights a number of examples that help to illustrate the abstract algebraic definitions and includes a summary of many formulas of practical interest, such as the eigenvalues of Casimir operators...

  3. Supersymmetry algebra cohomology. I. Definition and general structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brandt, Friedemann

    2010-01-01

    This paper concerns standard supersymmetry algebras in diverse dimensions, involving bosonic translational generators and fermionic supersymmetry generators. A cohomology related to these supersymmetry algebras, termed supersymmetry algebra cohomology, and corresponding 'primitive elements' are defined by means of a BRST (Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin)-type coboundary operator. A method to systematically compute this cohomology is outlined and illustrated by simple examples.

  4. Algebraic stress model for axial flow in a bare rod-bundle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    de Lemos, M.J.S.

    1987-01-01

    The problem of predicting transport properties for momentum and heat across the boundaries of interconnected channels has been the subject of many investigations. In the particular case of axial flow through rod-bundles, transport coefficients for channel faces aligned with rod centers are known to be considerably higher than those calculated by simple isotropic theories. And yet, it was been found that secondary flows play only a minor role in this overall transport, being turbulence highly enhanced across that hypothetical surface. In order to numerically predict the correct amount of the quantity being transported, the approach taken by many investigators was then to artificially increase the diffusion coefficient obtained via a simple isopropic theory (usually the standard k-ε model) and numerically match the correct experimentally observed mixing rates. The present paper reports an attempt to describe the turbulent stresses by means of an Algebraic Stress Model for turbulence. Relative turbulent kinetic energy distribution in all three directions are presented and compared with experiments in a square lattice. The strong directional dependence of transport terms are then obtained via a model for the Reynolds stresses. The results identify a need for a better representation of the mean-flow field part of the pressure-strain correlation term

  5. 2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arias, Cesar; Boulanger, Nicolas; Sundell, Per; Torres-Gomez, Alexander

    2015-01-01

    We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to a worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model.

  6. The bubble algebra: structure of a two-colour Temperley-Lieb Algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grimm, Uwe; Martin, Paul P

    2003-01-01

    We define new diagram algebras providing a sequence of multiparameter generalizations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra, suitable for the modelling of dilute lattice systems of two-dimensional statistical mechanics. These algebras give a rigorous foundation to the various 'multi-colour algebras' of Grimm, Pearce and others. We determine the generic representation theory of the simplest of these algebras, and locate the nongeneric cases (at roots of unity of the corresponding parameters). We show by this example how the method used (Martin's general procedure for diagram algebras) may be applied to a wide variety of such algebras occurring in statistical mechanics. We demonstrate how these algebras may be used to solve the Yang-Baxter equations

  7. The Jordan structure of lie and Kac-Moody algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferreira, L.A.; Gomes, J.F.; Teotonio Sobrinho, P.; Zimerman, A.H.

    1989-01-01

    A precise relation between the structures of Lie and Jordan algebras by presenting a method of constructing one type of algebra from the other is established. The method differs in some aspects of the Tits construction and Jordan pairs. The examples of the Lie algebras associated to simple Jordan algebras M m (n ) and Clifford algebras are discussed in detail. This approach will shed light on the role of the realizations of Jordan algebras through some types of Fermi fields used in the construction of Kac-Moodey and Virasoro algebras as well as its relevance in the study of some aspects of conformal fields theories. (author)

  8. BRST operator for superconformal algebras with quadratic nonlinearity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khviengia, Z.; Sezgin, E.

    1993-07-01

    We construct the quantum BRST operators for a large class of superconformal and quasi-superconformal algebras with quadratic nonlinearity. The only free parameter in these algebras is the level of the (super) Kac-Moody sector. The nilpotency of the quantum BRST operator imposes a condition on the level. We find this condition for (quasi) superconformal algebras with a Kac-Moody sector based on a simple Lie algebra and for the Z 2 x Z 2 -graded superconformal algebras with a Kac-Moody sector based on the superalgebra osp(N modul 2M) or sl (N + 2 modul N). (author). 22 refs, 3 tabs

  9. Four-parametric two-layer algebraic model of transition boundary layer at a planar plate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Labusov, A.N.; Lapin, Yu.V.

    1996-01-01

    Consideration is given to four-parametric two-layer algebraic model of transition boundary layer on a plane plate, based on generalization of one-parametric algebraic Prandtl-Loitsjansky-Klauzer-3 model. The algebraic model uses Prandtl formulas for mixing path with Loitsjansky damping multiplier in the internal region and the relation for turbulent viscosity, based on universal scales of external region and named the Klauzer-3 formula. 12 refs., 10 figs

  10. Lie Algebras Associated with Group U(n)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yufeng; Dong Huanghe; Honwah Tam

    2007-01-01

    Starting from the subgroups of the group U(n), the corresponding Lie algebras of the Lie algebra A 1 are presented, from which two well-known simple equivalent matrix Lie algebras are given. It follows that a few expanding Lie algebras are obtained by enlarging matrices. Some of them can be devoted to producing double integrable couplings of the soliton hierarchies of nonlinear evolution equations. Others can be used to generate integrable couplings involving more potential functions. The above Lie algebras are classified into two types. Only one type can generate the integrable couplings, whose Hamiltonian structure could be obtained by use of the quadratic-form identity. In addition, one condition on searching for integrable couplings is improved such that more useful Lie algebras are enlightened to engender. Then two explicit examples are shown to illustrate the applications of the Lie algebras. Finally, with the help of closed cycling operation relations, another way of producing higher-dimensional Lie algebras is given.

  11. Quantum affine algebras and deformations of the virasoro and W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Frenkel, E.; Reshetikhin, N.

    1996-01-01

    Using the Wakimoto realization of quantum affine algebras we define new Poisson algebras, which are q-deformations of the classical W-algebras. We also define their free field realizations, i.e. homomorphisms into some Heisenberg-Poisson algebras. The formulas for these homomorphisms coincide with formulas for spectra of transfer-matrices in the corresponding quantum integrable models derived by the Bethe-Ansatz method. (orig.)

  12. Edix: A Software for Editing Algebraic Expressions.

    OpenAIRE

    Bouhineau , Denis; Nicaud , Jean-François; Pavard , X.

    2001-01-01

    International audience; The paper presents a computer software, called Edix, devoted to the edition of algebraic expressions in their usual 2D representation. At present, many systems display fine algebraic expressions, but the edition of such expressions is weak. Systems like Word and FrameMaker place sub-expressions in too many boxes so that many editing actions are not simple, while usual CAS (computer algebra systems) just use a 1D representation for the edition. Furthermore, Edix allows ...

  13. Modular structure of local algebras associated with massless free quantum fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hislop, P.D.

    1984-01-01

    The Tomita modular operators and the duality property for the local von Neumann algebras in quantum field models describing free massless particles with arbitrary helicity are studied. It is proved that the representation of the Poincare group in each model extends to a unitary representation SU(2,2), a covering group of the conformal group. An irreducible set of standard linear fields is shown to be covariant with respect to this representation. The von Neumann algebras associated with wedge, double-cone, and lightcone regions generated by these fields are proved to be unitarily equivalent. Using the results of Bisognano and Wichmann, the modular operators for these algebras are obtained in explicit form as conformal transformations and the duality property is proved. In the bose case, it is shown that the double-cone algebras constructed from any irreducible set of linear fields not including the standard fields do not satisfy duality and that any non-standard linear fields are not conformally covariant. A simple proof of duality, independent of the Tomita-Takesaki theory, for the double-cone algebras in the scalar case is also presented

  14. Remarks on finite W algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbarin, F.; Sorba, P.; Ragoucy, E.

    1996-01-01

    The property of some finite W algebras to be the commutant of a particular subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra G is used to construct realizations of G. When G ≅ so (4,2), unitary representations of the conformal and Poincare algebras are recognized in this approach, which can be compared to the usual induced representation technique. When G approx=(2, R), the anyonic parameter can be seen as the eigenvalue of a W generator in such W representations of G. The generalization of such properties to the affine case is also discussed in the conclusion, where an alternative of the Wakimoto construction for sl(2) k is briefly presented. (authors)

  15. Abstract algebra for physicists

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeman, J.

    1975-06-01

    Certain recent models of composite hadrons involve concepts and theorems from abstract algebra which are unfamiliar to most theoretical physicists. The algebraic apparatus needed for an understanding of these models is summarized here. Particular emphasis is given to algebraic structures which are not assumed to be associative. (2 figures) (auth)

  16. A matrix S for all simple current extensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchs, J.; Schellekens, A.N.; Schweigert, C.

    1996-01-01

    A formula is presented for the modular transformation matrix S for any simple current extension of the chiral algebra of a conformal field theory. This provides in particular an algorithm for resolving arbitrary simple current fixed points, in such a way that the matrix S we obtain is unitary and symmetric and furnishes a modular group representation. The formalism works in principle for any conformal field theory. A crucial ingredient is a set of matrices S ab J , where J is a simple current and a and b are fixed points of J. We expect that these input matrices realize the modular group for the torus one-point functions of the simple currents. In the case of WZW-models these matrices can be identified with the S-matrices of the orbit Lie algebras that were introduced recently. As a special case of our conjecture we obtain the modular matrix S for WZW-theories based on group manifolds that are not simply connected, as well as for most coset models. (orig.)

  17. Lectures on algebraic statistics

    CERN Document Server

    Drton, Mathias; Sullivant, Seth

    2009-01-01

    How does an algebraic geometer studying secant varieties further the understanding of hypothesis tests in statistics? Why would a statistician working on factor analysis raise open problems about determinantal varieties? Connections of this type are at the heart of the new field of "algebraic statistics". In this field, mathematicians and statisticians come together to solve statistical inference problems using concepts from algebraic geometry as well as related computational and combinatorial techniques. The goal of these lectures is to introduce newcomers from the different camps to algebraic statistics. The introduction will be centered around the following three observations: many important statistical models correspond to algebraic or semi-algebraic sets of parameters; the geometry of these parameter spaces determines the behaviour of widely used statistical inference procedures; computational algebraic geometry can be used to study parameter spaces and other features of statistical models.

  18. Directed Abelian algebras and their application to stochastic models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alcaraz, F C; Rittenberg, V

    2008-10-01

    With each directed acyclic graph (this includes some D-dimensional lattices) one can associate some Abelian algebras that we call directed Abelian algebras (DAAs). On each site of the graph one attaches a generator of the algebra. These algebras depend on several parameters and are semisimple. Using any DAA, one can define a family of Hamiltonians which give the continuous time evolution of a stochastic process. The calculation of the spectra and ground-state wave functions (stationary state probability distributions) is an easy algebraic exercise. If one considers D-dimensional lattices and chooses Hamiltonians linear in the generators, in finite-size scaling the Hamiltonian spectrum is gapless with a critical dynamic exponent z=D. One possible application of the DAA is to sandpile models. In the paper we present this application, considering one- and two-dimensional lattices. In the one-dimensional case, when the DAA conserves the number of particles, the avalanches belong to the random walker universality class (critical exponent sigma_(tau)=32 ). We study the local density of particles inside large avalanches, showing a depletion of particles at the source of the avalanche and an enrichment at its end. In two dimensions we did extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and found sigma_(tau)=1.780+/-0.005 .

  19. Non-freely generated W-algebras and construction of N=2 super W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blumenhagen, R.

    1994-07-01

    Firstly, we investigate the origin of the bosonic W-algebras W(2, 3, 4, 5), W(2, 4, 6) and W(2, 4, 6) found earlier by direct construction. We present a coset construction for all three examples leading to a new type of finitely, non-freely generated quantum W-algebras, which we call unifying W-algebras. Secondly, we develop a manifest covariant formalism to construct N = 2 super W-algebras explicitly on a computer. Applying this algorithm enables us to construct the first four examples of N = 2 super W-algebras with two generators and the N = 2 super W 4 algebra involving three generators. The representation theory of the former ones shows that all examples could be divided into four classes, the largest one containing the N = 2 special type of spectral flow algebras. Besides the W-algebra of the CP(3) Kazama-Suzuki coset model, the latter example with three generators discloses a second solution which could also be explained as a unifying W-algebra for the CP(n) models. (orig.)

  20. A note on probabilistic models over strings: the linear algebra approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bouchard-Côté, Alexandre

    2013-12-01

    Probabilistic models over strings have played a key role in developing methods that take into consideration indels as phylogenetically informative events. There is an extensive literature on using automata and transducers on phylogenies to do inference on these probabilistic models, in which an important theoretical question is the complexity of computing the normalization of a class of string-valued graphical models. This question has been investigated using tools from combinatorics, dynamic programming, and graph theory, and has practical applications in Bayesian phylogenetics. In this work, we revisit this theoretical question from a different point of view, based on linear algebra. The main contribution is a set of results based on this linear algebra view that facilitate the analysis and design of inference algorithms on string-valued graphical models. As an illustration, we use this method to give a new elementary proof of a known result on the complexity of inference on the "TKF91" model, a well-known probabilistic model over strings. Compared to previous work, our proving method is easier to extend to other models, since it relies on a novel weak condition, triangular transducers, which is easy to establish in practice. The linear algebra view provides a concise way of describing transducer algorithms and their compositions, opens the possibility of transferring fast linear algebra libraries (for example, based on GPUs), as well as low rank matrix approximation methods, to string-valued inference problems.

  1. Solving the nuclear shell model with an algebraic method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng, D.H.; Pan, X.W.; Guidry, M.

    1997-01-01

    We illustrate algebraic methods in the nuclear shell model through a concrete example, the fermion dynamical symmetry model (FDSM). We use this model to introduce important concepts such as dynamical symmetry, symmetry breaking, effective symmetry, and diagonalization within a higher-symmetry basis. (orig.)

  2. Lie algebras under constraints and nonbijective canonical transformations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kibler, M.; Winternitz, P.

    1987-10-01

    The concept of a Lie algebra under constraints is developed in connection with the theory of nonbijective canonical transformations. A finite dimensional vector space M, carrying a faithful linear representation of a Lie algebra L, is mapped into a lower dimensional space antiM in such a maner that a subalgebra L 0 of L is mapped into D(L 0 ) = 0. The Lie algebra L under the constraint D(L 0 ) = 0 is the largest subalgebra L 1 of L that can be represented faithfully on antiM. If L 0 is semi-simple, then L 1 is shown to be the centraliser cent L L 0 . If L is semi-simple and L 0 is an one-dimensional diagonal subalgebra of a Cartan subalgebra of L, then L 1 is shown to be the factor algebra cent L L 0 /L 0 . The latter two results are applied to nonbijective canonical transformations generalizing the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation

  3. Quartic trace identity for exceptional Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okubo, S.

    1979-01-01

    Let X be a representation matrix of generic element x of a simple Lie algebra in generic irreducible representation ]lambda] of the Lie algebra. Then, for all exceptional Lie algebras as well as A 1 and A 2 , we can prove the validity of a quartic trace identity Tr(X 4 ) =K (lambda)[Tr(X 2 )] 2 , where the constant K (lambda) depends only upon the irreducible representation ]lambda], and its explicit form is calculated. Some applications of second and fourth order indices have also been discussed

  4. The Schwinger Dyson equations and the algebra of constraints of random tensor models at all orders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gurau, Razvan

    2012-01-01

    Random tensor models for a generic complex tensor generalize matrix models in arbitrary dimensions and yield a theory of random geometries. They support a 1/N expansion dominated by graphs of spherical topology. Their Schwinger Dyson equations, generalizing the loop equations of matrix models, translate into constraints satisfied by the partition function. The constraints have been shown, in the large N limit, to close a Lie algebra indexed by colored rooted D-ary trees yielding a first generalization of the Virasoro algebra in arbitrary dimensions. In this paper we complete the Schwinger Dyson equations and the associated algebra at all orders in 1/N. The full algebra of constraints is indexed by D-colored graphs, and the leading order D-ary tree algebra is a Lie subalgebra of the full constraints algebra.

  5. Vertex algebras and algebraic curves

    CERN Document Server

    Frenkel, Edward

    2004-01-01

    Vertex algebras are algebraic objects that encapsulate the concept of operator product expansion from two-dimensional conformal field theory. Vertex algebras are fast becoming ubiquitous in many areas of modern mathematics, with applications to representation theory, algebraic geometry, the theory of finite groups, modular functions, topology, integrable systems, and combinatorics. This book is an introduction to the theory of vertex algebras with a particular emphasis on the relationship with the geometry of algebraic curves. The notion of a vertex algebra is introduced in a coordinate-independent way, so that vertex operators become well defined on arbitrary smooth algebraic curves, possibly equipped with additional data, such as a vector bundle. Vertex algebras then appear as the algebraic objects encoding the geometric structure of various moduli spaces associated with algebraic curves. Therefore they may be used to give a geometric interpretation of various questions of representation theory. The book co...

  6. Algebraic partial Boolean algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, Derek

    2003-01-01

    Partial Boolean algebras, first studied by Kochen and Specker in the 1960s, provide the structure for Bell-Kochen-Specker theorems which deny the existence of non-contextual hidden variable theories. In this paper, we study partial Boolean algebras which are 'algebraic' in the sense that their elements have coordinates in an algebraic number field. Several of these algebras have been discussed recently in a debate on the validity of Bell-Kochen-Specker theorems in the context of finite precision measurements. The main result of this paper is that every algebraic finitely-generated partial Boolean algebra B(T) is finite when the underlying space H is three-dimensional, answering a question of Kochen and showing that Conway and Kochen's infinite algebraic partial Boolean algebra has minimum dimension. This result contrasts the existence of an infinite (non-algebraic) B(T) generated by eight elements in an abstract orthomodular lattice of height 3. We then initiate a study of higher-dimensional algebraic partial Boolean algebras. First, we describe a restriction on the determinants of the elements of B(T) that are generated by a given set T. We then show that when the generating set T consists of the rays spanning the minimal vectors in a real irreducible root lattice, B(T) is infinite just if that root lattice has an A 5 sublattice. Finally, we characterize the rays of B(T) when T consists of the rays spanning the minimal vectors of the root lattice E 8

  7. Algebraic design theory

    CERN Document Server

    Launey, Warwick De

    2011-01-01

    Combinatorial design theory is a source of simply stated, concrete, yet difficult discrete problems, with the Hadamard conjecture being a prime example. It has become clear that many of these problems are essentially algebraic in nature. This book provides a unified vision of the algebraic themes which have developed so far in design theory. These include the applications in design theory of matrix algebra, the automorphism group and its regular subgroups, the composition of smaller designs to make larger designs, and the connection between designs with regular group actions and solutions to group ring equations. Everything is explained at an elementary level in terms of orthogonality sets and pairwise combinatorial designs--new and simple combinatorial notions which cover many of the commonly studied designs. Particular attention is paid to how the main themes apply in the important new context of cocyclic development. Indeed, this book contains a comprehensive account of cocyclic Hadamard matrices. The book...

  8. An algebraic approach to the scattering equations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Rijun; Rao, Junjie [Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, 310027 (China); Feng, Bo [Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, 310027 (China); Center of Mathematical Science, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, 310027 (China); He, Yang-Hui [School of Physics, NanKai University,Tianjin, 300071 (China); Department of Mathematics, City University,London, EC1V 0HB (United Kingdom); Merton College, University of Oxford,Oxford, OX14JD (United Kingdom)

    2015-12-10

    We employ the so-called companion matrix method from computational algebraic geometry, tailored for zero-dimensional ideals, to study the scattering equations. The method renders the CHY-integrand of scattering amplitudes computable using simple linear algebra and is amenable to an algorithmic approach. Certain identities in the amplitudes as well as rationality of the final integrand become immediate in this formalism.

  9. An algebraic approach to the scattering equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Rijun; Rao, Junjie; Feng, Bo; He, Yang-Hui

    2015-01-01

    We employ the so-called companion matrix method from computational algebraic geometry, tailored for zero-dimensional ideals, to study the scattering equations. The method renders the CHY-integrand of scattering amplitudes computable using simple linear algebra and is amenable to an algorithmic approach. Certain identities in the amplitudes as well as rationality of the final integrand become immediate in this formalism.

  10. Algebraic model checking for Boolean gene regulatory networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tran, Quoc-Nam

    2011-01-01

    We present a computational method in which modular and Groebner bases (GB) computation in Boolean rings are used for solving problems in Boolean gene regulatory networks (BN). In contrast to other known algebraic approaches, the degree of intermediate polynomials during the calculation of Groebner bases using our method will never grow resulting in a significant improvement in running time and memory space consumption. We also show how calculation in temporal logic for model checking can be done by means of our direct and efficient Groebner basis computation in Boolean rings. We present our experimental results in finding attractors and control strategies of Boolean networks to illustrate our theoretical arguments. The results are promising. Our algebraic approach is more efficient than the state-of-the-art model checker NuSMV on BNs. More importantly, our approach finds all solutions for the BN problems.

  11. Fuzzy logic of quasi-truth an algebraic treatment

    CERN Document Server

    Di Nola, Antonio; Turunen, Esko

    2016-01-01

    This book presents the first algebraic treatment of quasi-truth fuzzy logic and covers the algebraic foundations of many-valued logic. It offers a comprehensive account of basic techniques and reports on important results showing the pivotal role played by perfect many-valued algebras (MV-algebras). It is well known that the first-order predicate Łukasiewicz logic is not complete with respect to the canonical set of truth values. However, it is complete with respect to all linearly ordered MV –algebras. As there are no simple linearly ordered MV-algebras in this case, infinitesimal elements of an MV-algebra are allowed to be truth values. The book presents perfect algebras as an interesting subclass of local MV-algebras and provides readers with the necessary knowledge and tools for formalizing the fuzzy concept of quasi true and quasi false. All basic concepts are introduced in detail to promote a better understanding of the more complex ones. It is an advanced and inspiring reference-guide for graduate s...

  12. Prediction of strongly-heated gas flows in a vertical tube using explicit algebraic stress/heat-flux models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baek, Seong Gu; Park, Seung O.

    2003-01-01

    This paper provides the assessment of prediction performance of explicit algebraic stress and heat-flux models under conditions of mixed convective gas flows in a strongly-heated vertical tube. Two explicit algebraic stress models and four algebraic heat-flux models are selected for assessment. Eight combinations of explicit algebraic stress and heat-flux models are used in predicting the flows experimentally studied by Shehata and McEligot (IJHMT 41(1998) p.4333) in which property variation was significant. Among the various model combinations, the Wallin and Johansson (JFM 403(2000) p. 89) explicit algebraic stress model-Abe, Kondo, and Nagano (IJHFF 17(1996) p. 228) algebraic heat-flux model combination is found to perform best. We also found that the dimensionless wall distance y + should be calculated based on the local property rather than the property at the wall for property-variation flows. When the buoyancy or the property variation effects are so strong that the flow may relaminarize, the choice of the basic platform two-equation model is a most important factor in improving the predictions

  13. A concrete introduction to higher algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Childs, Lindsay N

    1995-01-01

    This book is written as an introduction to higher algebra for students with a background of a year of calculus. The first edition of this book emerged from a set of notes written in the 1970sfor a sophomore-junior level course at the University at Albany entitled "Classical Algebra." The objective of the course, and the book, is to give students enough experience in the algebraic theory of the integers and polynomials to appre­ ciate the basic concepts of abstract algebra. The main theoretical thread is to develop algebraic properties of the ring of integers: unique factorization into primes, congruences and congruence classes, Fermat's theorem, the Chinese remainder theorem; and then again for the ring of polynomials. Doing so leads to the study of simple field extensions, and, in particular, to an exposition of finite fields. Elementary properties of rings, fields, groups, and homomorphisms of these objects are introduced and used as needed in the development. Concurrently with the theoretical development,...

  14. On the algebraic scattering theory for heavy ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amos, K.; Kiedeldey, H.; Morrison, I.; Allen, L.J.

    1989-01-01

    Algebraic potentials from SO(3,1) and SO(3,2) representations of scattering functions are deduced by matching to scattering functions obtained by fitting 12 C- 12 C elastic scattering differential cross-sections. Their variations with energy suggest a simple mapping between algebraic and coordinate space interactions. 13 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs

  15. Algebraic perturbation theory for dense liquids with discrete potentials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adib, Artur B.

    2007-06-01

    A simple theory for the leading-order correction g1(r) to the structure of a hard-sphere liquid with discrete (e.g., square-well) potential perturbations is proposed. The theory makes use of a general approximation that effectively eliminates four-particle correlations from g1(r) with good accuracy at high densities. For the particular case of discrete perturbations, the remaining three-particle correlations can be modeled with a simple volume-exclusion argument, resulting in an algebraic and surprisingly accurate expression for g1(r) . The structure of a discrete “core-softened” model for liquids with anomalous thermodynamic properties is reproduced as an application.

  16. Supersymmetrization schemes of D=4 Maxwell algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kamimura, Kiyoshi; Lukierski, Jerzy

    2012-01-01

    The Maxwell algebra, an enlargement of Poincaré algebra by Abelian tensorial generators, can be obtained in arbitrary dimension D by the suitable contraction of O(D-1,1)⊕O(D-1,2) (Lorentz algebra ⊕ AdS algebra). We recall that in D=4 the Lorentz algebra O(3,1) is described by the realification Sp R (2|C) of complex algebra Sp(2|C)≃Sl(2|C) and O(3,2)≃Sp(4). We study various D=4N-extended Maxwell superalgebras obtained by the contractions of real superalgebras OSp R (2N-k;2|C)⊕OSp(k;4) (k=0,1,2,…,2N); (extended Lorentz superalgebra ⊕ extended AdS superalgebra). If N=1 (k=0,1,2) one arrives at three different versions of simple Maxwell superalgebra. For any fixed N we get 2N different superextensions of Maxwell algebra with n-extended Poincaré superalgebras (1⩽n⩽N) and the internal symmetry sectors obtained by suitable contractions of the real algebra O R (2N-k|C)⊕O(k). Finally the comments on possible applications of Maxwell superalgebras are presented.

  17. N=2 current algebra and coset models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hull, C.M.; Spence, B.

    1990-01-01

    The N=2 supersymmetric extension of the Kac-Moody algebra and the corresponding Sugawara construction of the N=2 superconformal algebra are discussed both in components and in N=1 superspace. A formulation of the Kac-Moody algebra and Sugawara construction is given in N=2 superspace in terms of supercurrents satisfying a non-linear chiral constraint. The operator product of two supercurrents includes terms that are non-linear in the supercurrents. The N=2 generalization of the GKO coset construction is then given and the conditions found by Kazama and Suzuki are seen to arise from the non-linearity of the algebra. (orig.)

  18. Global identifiability of linear compartmental models--a computer algebra algorithm.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Audoly, S; D'Angiò, L; Saccomani, M P; Cobelli, C

    1998-01-01

    A priori global identifiability deals with the uniqueness of the solution for the unknown parameters of a model and is, thus, a prerequisite for parameter estimation of biological dynamic models. Global identifiability is however difficult to test, since it requires solving a system of algebraic nonlinear equations which increases both in nonlinearity degree and number of terms and unknowns with increasing model order. In this paper, a computer algebra tool, GLOBI (GLOBal Identifiability) is presented, which combines the topological transfer function method with the Buchberger algorithm, to test global identifiability of linear compartmental models. GLOBI allows for the automatic testing of a priori global identifiability of general structure compartmental models from general multi input-multi output experiments. Examples of usage of GLOBI to analyze a priori global identifiability of some complex biological compartmental models are provided.

  19. Determinantal Representation of the Time-Dependent Stationary Correlation Function for the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nikolay M. Bogoliubov

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available The basic model of the non-equilibrium low dimensional physics the so-called totally asymmetric exclusion process is related to the 'crystalline limit' (q → ∞ of the SU_q(2 quantum algebra. Using the quantum inverse scattering method we obtain the exact expression for the time-dependent stationary correlation function of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on a one dimensional lattice with the periodic boundary conditions.

  20. Filtrated K-theory for real rank zero C*-algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Arklint, Sara Esther; Restorff, Gunnar; Ruiz, Efren

    2012-01-01

    The smallest primitive ideal spaces for which there exist counterexamples to the classification of non-simple, purely infinite, nuclear, separable C*-algebras using filtrated K-theory, are four-point spaces. In this article, we therefore restrict to real rank zero C*-algebras with four-point prim...

  1. Geometric model of topological insulators from the Maxwell algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palumbo, Giandomenico

    2017-11-01

    We propose a novel geometric model of time-reversal-invariant topological insulators in three dimensions in presence of an external electromagnetic field. Their gapped boundary supports relativistic quantum Hall states and is described by a Chern-Simons theory, where the gauge connection takes values in the Maxwell algebra. This represents a non-central extension of the Poincaré algebra and takes into account both the Lorentz and magnetic-translation symmetries of the surface states. In this way, we derive a relativistic version of the Wen-Zee term and we show that the non-minimal coupling between the background geometry and the electromagnetic field in the model is in agreement with the main properties of the relativistic quantum Hall states in the flat space.

  2. Linear Algebra and Smarandache Linear Algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Vasantha, Kandasamy

    2003-01-01

    The present book, on Smarandache linear algebra, not only studies the Smarandache analogues of linear algebra and its applications, it also aims to bridge the need for new research topics pertaining to linear algebra, purely in the algebraic sense. We have introduced Smarandache semilinear algebra, Smarandache bilinear algebra and Smarandache anti-linear algebra and their fuzzy equivalents. Moreover, in this book, we have brought out the study of linear algebra and vector spaces over finite p...

  3. Lie algebra lattices and strings on T-folds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Satoh, Yuji [Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan); Sugawara, Yuji [Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University,Shiga 525-8577 (Japan)

    2017-02-06

    We study the world-sheet conformal field theories for T-folds systematically based on the Lie algebra lattices representing the momenta of strings. The fixed point condition required for the T-duality twist restricts the possible Lie algebras. When the T-duality acts as a simple chiral reflection, one is left with the four cases, A{sub 1},D{sub 2r},E{sub 7},E{sub 8}, among the simple simply-laced algebras. From the corresponding Englert-Neveu lattices, we construct the modular invariant partition functions for the T-fold CFTs in bosonic string theory. Similar construction is possible also by using Euclidean even self-dual lattices. We then apply our formulation to the T-folds in the E{sub 8}×E{sub 8} heterotic string theory. Incorporating non-trivial phases for the T-duality twist, we obtain, as simple examples, a class of modular invariant partition functions parametrized by three integers. Our construction includes the cases which are not reduced to the free fermion construction.

  4. Group C∗-algebras without the completely bounded approximation property

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Haagerup, U.

    2016-01-01

    It is proved that: (1) The Fourier algebra A(G) of a simple Lie group G of real rank at least 2 with finite center does not have a multiplier bounded approximate unit. (2) The reduced C∗-algebra C∗ r of any lattice in a non-compact simple Lie group of real rank at least 2 with finite center does...... not have the completely bounded approximation property. Hence, the results obtained by de Canniere and the author for SOe (n, 1), n ≥ 2, and by Cowling for SU(n, 1) do not generalize to simple Lie groups of real rank at least 2. © 2016 Heldermann Verlag....

  5. Matrix algebra for linear models

    CERN Document Server

    Gruber, Marvin H J

    2013-01-01

    Matrix methods have evolved from a tool for expressing statistical problems to an indispensable part of the development, understanding, and use of various types of complex statistical analyses. This evolution has made matrix methods a vital part of statistical education. Traditionally, matrix methods are taught in courses on everything from regression analysis to stochastic processes, thus creating a fractured view of the topic. Matrix Algebra for Linear Models offers readers a unique, unified view of matrix analysis theory (where and when necessary), methods, and their applications. Written f

  6. Introduction to vertex algebras, Borcherds algebras and the Monster Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gebert, R.W.

    1993-09-01

    The theory of vertex algebras constitutes a mathematically rigorous axiomatic formulation of the algebraic origins of conformal field theory. In this context Borcherds algebras arise as certain ''physical'' subspaces of vertex algebras. The aim of this review is to give a pedagogical introduction into this rapidly-developing area of mathematics. Based on the machinery of formal calculus we present the axiomatic definition of vertex algebras. We discuss the connection with conformal field theory by deriving important implications of these axioms. In particular, many explicit calculations are presented to stress the eminent role of the Jacobi identity axiom for vertex algebras. As a class of concrete examples the vertex algebras associated with even lattices are constructed and it is shown in detail how affine Lie algebras and the fake Monster Lie algebra naturally appear. This leads us to the abstract definition of Borcherds algebras as generalized Kac-Moody algebras and their basic properties. Finally, the results about the simplest generic Borcherds algebras are analysed from the point of view of symmetry in quantum theory and the construction of the Monster Lie algebra is sketched. (orig.)

  7. ADAM: analysis of discrete models of biological systems using computer algebra.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hinkelmann, Franziska; Brandon, Madison; Guang, Bonny; McNeill, Rustin; Blekherman, Grigoriy; Veliz-Cuba, Alan; Laubenbacher, Reinhard

    2011-07-20

    Many biological systems are modeled qualitatively with discrete models, such as probabilistic Boolean networks, logical models, Petri nets, and agent-based models, to gain a better understanding of them. The computational complexity to analyze the complete dynamics of these models grows exponentially in the number of variables, which impedes working with complex models. There exist software tools to analyze discrete models, but they either lack the algorithmic functionality to analyze complex models deterministically or they are inaccessible to many users as they require understanding the underlying algorithm and implementation, do not have a graphical user interface, or are hard to install. Efficient analysis methods that are accessible to modelers and easy to use are needed. We propose a method for efficiently identifying attractors and introduce the web-based tool Analysis of Dynamic Algebraic Models (ADAM), which provides this and other analysis methods for discrete models. ADAM converts several discrete model types automatically into polynomial dynamical systems and analyzes their dynamics using tools from computer algebra. Specifically, we propose a method to identify attractors of a discrete model that is equivalent to solving a system of polynomial equations, a long-studied problem in computer algebra. Based on extensive experimentation with both discrete models arising in systems biology and randomly generated networks, we found that the algebraic algorithms presented in this manuscript are fast for systems with the structure maintained by most biological systems, namely sparseness and robustness. For a large set of published complex discrete models, ADAM identified the attractors in less than one second. Discrete modeling techniques are a useful tool for analyzing complex biological systems and there is a need in the biological community for accessible efficient analysis tools. ADAM provides analysis methods based on mathematical algorithms as a web

  8. Twisted boundary states and representation of generalized fusion algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Tani, Taro

    2006-01-01

    The mutual consistency of boundary conditions twisted by an automorphism group G of the chiral algebra is studied for general modular invariants of rational conformal field theories. We show that a consistent set of twisted boundary states associated with any modular invariant realizes a non-negative integer matrix representation (NIM-rep) of the generalized fusion algebra, an extension of the fusion algebra by representations of the twisted chiral algebra associated with the automorphism group G. We check this result for several concrete cases. In particular, we find that two NIM-reps of the fusion algebra for su(3) k (k=3,5) are organized into a NIM-rep of the generalized fusion algebra for the charge-conjugation automorphism of su(3) k . We point out that the generalized fusion algebra is non-commutative if G is non-Abelian and provide some examples for G-bar S 3 . Finally, we give an argument that the graph fusion algebra associated with simple current extensions coincides with the generalized fusion algebra for the extended chiral algebra, and thereby explain that the graph fusion algebra contains the fusion algebra of the extended theory as a subalgebra

  9. Matrix units and Schur elements for the degenerate cyclotomic Hecke algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Zhao, Deke

    2011-01-01

    The paper uses the cellular basis of the (semi-simple) degenerate cyclotomic Hecke algebras to investigate these algebras exhaustively. As a consequence, we describe explicitly the "Young's seminormal form" and a orthogonal bases for Specht modules and determine explicitly the closed formula for the natural bilinear form on Specht modules and Schur elements for the degenerate cyclotomic Hekce algebras.

  10. Model selection for contingency tables with algebraic statistics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Krampe, A.; Kuhnt, S.; Gibilisco, P.; Riccimagno, E.; Rogantin, M.P.; Wynn, H.P.

    2009-01-01

    Goodness-of-fit tests based on chi-square approximations are commonly used in the analysis of contingency tables. Results from algebraic statistics combined with MCMC methods provide alternatives to the chi-square approximation. However, within a model selection procedure usually a large number of

  11. Zeta functional equation on Jordan algebras of type II

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kayoya, J.B.

    2003-10-01

    Using the Jordan algebras method, specially the properties of Peirce decomposition and the Frobenius transformation, we compute the coefficients of the zeta functional equation, in the case of Jordan algebras of Type II. As particular cases of our result, we can cite the case of V M (n, R) studied by Gelbart and Godement-Jacquet, and the case of V Herm(3, O s ) studied by Muro. Let us also mention, that recently, Bopp and Rubenthaler have obtained a more general result on the zeta functional equation by using methods based on the algebraic properties of regular graded algebras which are in one to one correspondence with simple Jordan algebras. The method used in this paper is a direct application of specific properties of Jordan algebras of Type H. (author)

  12. Phase Transitions in Algebraic Cluster Models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yepez-Martinez, H.; Cseh, J.; Hess, P.O.

    2006-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. Phase transitions in nuclear systems are of utmost interest. An interesting class of phase transitions can be seen in algebraic models of nuclear structure. They are called shapephase transitions due to the following reason. These models have analytically solvable limiting cases, called dynamical symmetries, which are characterized by a chain of nested subgroups. They correspond to well-defined geometrical shape and behaviour, e.g. to rotation of an ellipsoid, or spherical vibration. The general case of the model, which includes interactions described by more than one groupchain, breaks the symmetry, and changing the relative strengths of these interactions, one can go from one shape to the other. In doing so a phase-transition can be seen. A phase transition is defined as a discontinuity of some quantity as a function of the control parameter, which gives the relative strength of the interactions of different symmetries. Real phase transitions can take place only in infinite systems, like in the classical limits of these algebraic models, when the particle number N is very large: N → ∞. For finite N the discontinuities are smoothed out, nevertheless, some indications of the phase-transitions can still be there. A controlled way of breaking the dynamical symmetries may reveal another very interesting phenomenon, i.e. the appearance of a quasidynamical (or effective) symmetry. This rather general symmetry-concept of quantum mechanics corresponds to a situation, in which the symmetry-breaking interactions are so strong that the energy-eigenfunctions are not symmetric, i.e. are not basis states of an irreducible representation of the symmetry group, rather they are linear combinations of these basis states. However, they are very special linear combinations in the sense that their coefficients are (approximately) identical for states with different spin values. When this is the case, then the underlying intrinsic state is the

  13. Lie algebra in quantum physics by means of computer algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kikuchi, Ichio; Kikuchi, Akihito

    2017-01-01

    This article explains how to apply the computer algebra package GAP (www.gap-system.org) in the computation of the problems in quantum physics, in which the application of Lie algebra is necessary. The article contains several exemplary computations which readers would follow in the desktop PC: such as, the brief review of elementary ideas of Lie algebra, the angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the quark eight-fold way model, and the usage of Weyl character formula (in order to construct w...

  14. Cellularity of certain quantum endomorphism algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Henning Haahr; Lehrer, Gus; Zhang, Ruibin

    2015-01-01

    For any ring A˜ such that Z[q±1∕2]⊆A˜⊆Q(q1∕2), let ΔA˜(d) be an A˜-form of the Weyl module of highest weight d∈N of the quantised enveloping algebra UA˜ of sl2. For suitable A˜, we exhibit for all positive integers r an explicit cellular structure for EndUA˜(ΔA˜(d)⊗r). This algebra and its cellular...... structure are described in terms of certain Temperley–Lieb-like diagrams. We also prove general results that relate endomorphism algebras of specialisations to specialisations of the endomorphism algebras. When ζ is a root of unity of order bigger than d we consider the Uζ-module structure...... of the specialisation Δζ(d)⊗r at q↦ζ of ΔA˜(d)⊗r. As an application of these results, we prove that knowledge of the dimensions of the simple modules of the specialised cellular algebra above is equivalent to knowledge of the weight multiplicities of the tilting modules for Uζ(sl2). As an example, in the final section...

  15. Optical linear algebra processors - Noise and error-source modeling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Casasent, D.; Ghosh, A.

    1985-01-01

    The modeling of system and component noise and error sources in optical linear algebra processors (OLAPs) are considered, with attention to the frequency-multiplexed OLAP. General expressions are obtained for the output produced as a function of various component errors and noise. A digital simulator for this model is discussed.

  16. Optical linear algebra processors: noise and error-source modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Casasent, D; Ghosh, A

    1985-06-01

    The modeling of system and component noise and error sources in optical linear algebra processors (OLAP's) are considered, with attention to the frequency-multiplexed OLAP. General expressions are obtained for the output produced as a function of various component errors and noise. A digital simulator for this model is discussed.

  17. MODELING IN MAPLE AS THE RESEARCHING MEANS OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PROCEDURES IN LINEAR ALGEBRA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vasil Kushnir

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to binary technology and "fundamental training technology." Binary training refers to the simultaneous teaching of mathematics and computer science, for example differential equations and Maple, linear algebra and Maple. Moreover the system of traditional course of Maple is not performed. The use of the opportunities of Maple-technology in teaching mathematics is based on the following fundamental concepts of computer science as an algorithm, program, a linear program, cycle, branching, relative operators, etc. That’s why only a certain system of command operators in Maple is considered. They are necessary for fundamental concepts of linear algebra and differential equations studying in Maple-environment. Relative name - "the technology of fundamental training" reflects the study of fundamental mathematical concepts and procedures that express the properties of these concepts in Maple-environment. This article deals with the study of complex fundamental concepts of linear algebra (determinant of the matrix and algorithm of its calculation, the characteristic polynomial of the matrix and the eigenvalues of matrix, canonical form of characteristic matrix, eigenvectors of matrix, elementary divisors of the characteristic matrix, etc., which are discussed in the appropriate courses briefly enough, and sometimes are not considered at all, but they are important in linear systems of differential equations, asymptotic methods for solving differential equations, systems of linear equations. Herewith complex and voluminous procedures of finding of these linear algebra concepts embedded in Maple can be performed as a result of a simple command-operator. Especially important issue is building matrix to canonical form. In fact matrix functions are effectively reduced to the functions of the diagonal matrix or matrix in Jordan canonical form. These matrices are used to rise a square matrix to a power, to extract the roots of the n

  18. International Conference on Algebra and its Applications

    CERN Document Server

    Ali, Asma; Filippis, Vincenzo

    2016-01-01

    This book discusses recent developments and the latest research in algebra and related topics. The book allows aspiring researchers to update their understanding of prime rings, generalized derivations, generalized semiderivations, regular semigroups, completely simple semigroups, module hulls, injective hulls, Baer modules, extending modules, local cohomology modules, orthogonal lattices, Banach algebras, multilinear polynomials, fuzzy ideals, Laurent power series, and Hilbert functions. All the contributing authors are leading international academicians and researchers in their respective fields. Most of the papers were presented at the international conference on Algebra and its Applications (ICAA-2014), held at Aligarh Muslim University, India, from December 15–17, 2014. The conference has emerged as a powerful forum offering researchers a venue to meet and discuss advances in algebra and its applications, inspiring further research directions. <.

  19. The Lie algebra of the N=2-string

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kugel, K.

    2006-01-01

    The theory of generalized Kac-Moody algebras is a generalization of the theory of finite dimensional simple Lie algebras. The physical states of some compactified strings give realizations of generalized Kac-Moody algebras. For example the physical states of a bosonic string moving on a 26 dimensional torus form a generalized Kac-Moody algebra and the physical states of a N=1 string moving on a 10 dimensional torus form a generalized Kac-Moody superalgebra. A natural question is whether the physical states of the compactified N=2-string also realize such an algebra. In this thesis we construct the Lie algebra of the compactified N=2-string, study its properties and show that it is not a generalized Kac-Moody algebra. The Fock space of a N=2-string moving on a 4 dimensional torus can be described by a vertex algebra constructed from a rational lattice of signature (8,4). Here 6 coordinates with signature (4,2) come from the matter part and 6 coordinates with signature (4,2) come from the ghost part. The physical states are represented by the cohomology of the BRST-operator. The vertex algebra induces a product on the vector space of physical states that defines the structure of a Lie algebra on this space. This Lie algebra shares many properties with generalized Kac-Moody algebra but we will show that it is not a generalized Kac-Moody algebra. (orig.)

  20. The Lie algebra of the N=2-string

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kugel, K

    2006-07-01

    The theory of generalized Kac-Moody algebras is a generalization of the theory of finite dimensional simple Lie algebras. The physical states of some compactified strings give realizations of generalized Kac-Moody algebras. For example the physical states of a bosonic string moving on a 26 dimensional torus form a generalized Kac-Moody algebra and the physical states of a N=1 string moving on a 10 dimensional torus form a generalized Kac-Moody superalgebra. A natural question is whether the physical states of the compactified N=2-string also realize such an algebra. In this thesis we construct the Lie algebra of the compactified N=2-string, study its properties and show that it is not a generalized Kac-Moody algebra. The Fock space of a N=2-string moving on a 4 dimensional torus can be described by a vertex algebra constructed from a rational lattice of signature (8,4). Here 6 coordinates with signature (4,2) come from the matter part and 6 coordinates with signature (4,2) come from the ghost part. The physical states are represented by the cohomology of the BRST-operator. The vertex algebra induces a product on the vector space of physical states that defines the structure of a Lie algebra on this space. This Lie algebra shares many properties with generalized Kac-Moody algebra but we will show that it is not a generalized Kac-Moody algebra. (orig.)

  1. Quantum W-algebras and elliptic algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feigin, B.; Kyoto Univ.; Frenkel, E.

    1996-01-01

    We define a quantum W-algebra associated to sl N as an associative algebra depending on two parameters. For special values of the parameters, this algebra becomes the ordinary W-algebra of sl N , or the q-deformed classical W-algebra of sl N . We construct free field realizations of the quantum W-algebras and the screening currents. We also point out some interesting elliptic structures arising in these algebras. In particular, we show that the screening currents satisfy elliptic analogues of the Drinfeld relations in U q (n). (orig.)

  2. The derivation of the conventional basis for the classical Lie algebra generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karadayi, H.R.

    1982-01-01

    The explicit construction of the classical Lie algebra generators in the conventional Gell-Mann basis is derived for all irreducible unitary representations of all classical groups. The main framework is based on a description of the simple roots of the classical Lie algebras such that the inter-relations implied by the Cartan matrix of the group among these simple roots are explicit within this description. (author)

  3. Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bakas, Ioannis

    2003-01-01

    We study the renormalization group flows of two-dimensional metrics in sigma models using the one-loop beta functions, and demonstrate that they provide a continual analogue of the Toda field equations in conformally flat coordinates. In this algebraic setting, the logarithm of the world-sheet length scale, t, is interpreted as Dynkin parameter on the root system of a novel continual Lie algebra, denoted by (d/dt;1), with anti-symmetric Cartan kernel K(t,t') = δ'(t-t'); as such, it coincides with the Cartan matrix of the superalgebra sl(N vertical bar N+1) in the large-N limit. The resulting Toda field equation is a non-linear generalization of the heat equation, which is integrable in target space and shares the same dissipative properties in time, t. We provide the general solution of the renormalization group flows in terms of free fields, via Baecklund transformations, and present some simple examples that illustrate the validity of their formal power series expansion in terms of algebraic data. We study in detail the sausage model that arises as geometric deformation of the O(3) sigma model, and give a new interpretation to its ultra-violet limit by gluing together two copies of Witten's two-dimensional black hole in the asymptotic region. We also provide some new solutions that describe the renormalization group flow of negatively curved spaces in different patches, which look like a cane in the infra-red region. Finally, we revisit the transition of a flat cone C/Z n to the plane, as another special solution, and note that tachyon condensation in closed string theory exhibits a hidden relation to the infinite dimensional algebra (d/dt;1) in the regime of gravity. Its exponential growth holds the key for the construction of conserved currents and their systematic interpretation in string theory, but they still remain unknown. (author)

  4. A simple algebraic cancer equation: calculating how cancers may arise with normal mutation rates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shibata Darryl

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The purpose of this article is to present a relatively easy to understand cancer model where transformation occurs when the first cell, among many at risk within a colon, accumulates a set of driver mutations. The analysis of this model yields a simple algebraic equation, which takes as inputs the number of stem cells, mutation and division rates, and the number of driver mutations, and makes predictions about cancer epidemiology. Methods The equation [p = 1 - (1 - (1 - (1 - udkNm ] calculates the probability of cancer (p and contains five parameters: the number of divisions (d, the number of stem cells (N × m, the number of critical rate-limiting pathway driver mutations (k, and the mutation rate (u. In this model progression to cancer "starts" at conception and mutations accumulate with cell division. Transformation occurs when a critical number of rate-limiting pathway mutations first accumulates within a single stem cell. Results When applied to several colorectal cancer data sets, parameter values consistent with crypt stem cell biology and normal mutation rates were able to match the increase in cancer with aging, and the mutation frequencies found in cancer genomes. The equation can help explain how cancer risks may vary with age, height, germline mutations, and aspirin use. APC mutations may shorten pathways to cancer by effectively increasing the numbers of stem cells at risk. Conclusions The equation illustrates that age-related increases in cancer frequencies may result from relatively normal division and mutation rates. Although this equation does not encompass all of the known complexity of cancer, it may be useful, especially in a teaching setting, to help illustrate relationships between small and large cancer features.

  5. Recoupling Lie algebra and universal ω-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Joyce, William P.

    2004-01-01

    We formulate the algebraic version of recoupling theory suitable for commutation quantization over any gradation. This gives a generalization of graded Lie algebra. Underlying this is the new notion of an ω-algebra defined in this paper. ω-algebra is a generalization of algebra that goes beyond nonassociativity. We construct the universal enveloping ω-algebra of recoupling Lie algebras and prove a generalized Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem. As an example we consider the algebras over an arbitrary recoupling of Z n graded Heisenberg Lie algebra. Finally we uncover the usual coalgebra structure of a universal envelope and substantiate its Hopf structure

  6. Comments on two-loop Kac-Moody algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ferreira, L A; Gomes, J F; Zimerman, A H [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Schwimmer, A [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste (Italy)

    1991-10-01

    It is shown that the two-loop Kac-Moody algebra is equivalent to a two variable loop algebra and a decouple {beta}-{gamma} system. Similarly WZNW and CSW models having as algebraic structure the Kac-Moody algebra are equivalent to an infinity to versions of the corresponding ordinary models and decoupled Abelian fields. (author). 15 refs.

  7. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the universal enveloping algebra ofa Lie algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    N.W. van den Hijligenberg; R. Martini

    1995-01-01

    textabstractWe discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincar'e-Birkhoff-Witt-type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra $g$. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebra

  8. Real forms of non-linear superconformal and quasi-superconformal algebras and their unified realization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bina, B.; Guenaydin, M.

    1997-01-01

    We give a complete classification of the real forms of simple non-linear superconformal algebras (SCA) and quasi-superconformal algebras (QSCA) and present a unified realization of these algebras with simple symmetry groups. This classification is achieved by establishing a correspondence between simple non-linear QSCA's and SCA's and quaternionic and super-quaternionic symmetric spaces of simple Lie groups and Lie supergroups, respectively. The unified realization we present involves a dimension zero scalar field (dilaton), dimension-1 symmetry currents, and dimension-1/2 free bosons for QSCA's and dimension-1/2 free fermions for SCA's. The free bosons and fermions are associated with the quaternionic and super-quaternionic symmetric spaces of corresponding Lie groups and Lie supergroups, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of possible applications of our results. (orig.)

  9. Entanglement in a model for Hawking radiation: An application of quadratic algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bambah, Bindu A.; Mukku, C.; Shreecharan, T.; Siva Prasad, K.

    2013-01-01

    Quadratic polynomially deformed su(1,1) and su(2) algebras are utilized in model Hamiltonians to show how the gravitational system consisting of a black hole, infalling radiation and outgoing (Hawking) radiation can be solved exactly. The models allow us to study the long-time behaviour of the black hole and its outgoing modes. In particular, we calculate the bipartite entanglement entropies of subsystems consisting of (a) infalling plus outgoing modes and (b) black hole modes plus the infalling modes, using the Janus-faced nature of the model. The long-time behaviour also gives us glimpses of modifications in the character of Hawking radiation. Finally, we study the phenomenon of superradiance in our model in analogy with atomic Dicke superradiance. - Highlights: ► We examine a toy model for Hawking radiation with quantized black hole modes. ► We use quadratic polynomially deformed su(1,1) algebras to study its entanglement properties. ► We study the “Dicke Superradiance” in black hole radiation using quadratically deformed su(2) algebras. ► We study the modification of the thermal character of Hawking radiation due to quantized black hole modes.

  10. The Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra need not be another K2 algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Cassidy, T.; Phan, C.; Shelton, B.

    2010-01-01

    The Yoneda algebra of a Koszul algebra or a D-Koszul algebra is Koszul. K2 algebras are a natural generalization of Koszul algebras, and one would hope that the Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra would be another K2 algebra. We show that this is not necessarily the case by constructing a monomial K2 algebra for which the corresponding Yoneda algebra is not K2.

  11. Basic notions of algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Shafarevich, Igor Rostislavovich

    2005-01-01

    This book is wholeheartedly recommended to every student or user of mathematics. Although the author modestly describes his book as 'merely an attempt to talk about' algebra, he succeeds in writing an extremely original and highly informative essay on algebra and its place in modern mathematics and science. From the fields, commutative rings and groups studied in every university math course, through Lie groups and algebras to cohomology and category theory, the author shows how the origins of each algebraic concept can be related to attempts to model phenomena in physics or in other branches

  12. The $W_{3}$ algebra modules, semi-infinite cohomology and BV algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Bouwknegt, Peter; Pilch, Krzysztof

    1996-01-01

    The noncritical D=4 W_3 string is a model of W_3 gravity coupled to two free scalar fields. In this paper we discuss its BRST quantization in direct analogy with that of the D=2 (Virasoro) string. In particular, we calculate the physical spectrum as a problem in BRST cohomology. The corresponding operator cohomology forms a BV-algebra. We model this BV-algebra on that of the polyderivations of a commutative ring on six variables with a quadratic constraint, or equivalently, on the BV-algebra of (polynomial) polyvector fields on the base affine space of SL(3,C). In this paper we attempt to present a complete summary of the progress made in these studies. [...

  13. Genetic hotels for the standard genetic code: evolutionary analysis based upon novel three-dimensional algebraic models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    José, Marco V; Morgado, Eberto R; Govezensky, Tzipe

    2011-07-01

    Herein, we rigorously develop novel 3-dimensional algebraic models called Genetic Hotels of the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). We start by considering the primeval RNA genetic code which consists of the 16 codons of type RNY (purine-any base-pyrimidine). Using simple algebraic operations, we show how the RNA code could have evolved toward the current SGC via two different intermediate evolutionary stages called Extended RNA code type I and II. By rotations or translations of the subset RNY, we arrive at the SGC via the former (type I) or via the latter (type II), respectively. Biologically, the Extended RNA code type I, consists of all codons of the type RNY plus codons obtained by considering the RNA code but in the second (NYR type) and third (YRN type) reading frames. The Extended RNA code type II, comprises all codons of the type RNY plus codons that arise from transversions of the RNA code in the first (YNY type) and third (RNR) nucleotide bases. Since the dimensions of remarkable subsets of the Genetic Hotels are not necessarily integer numbers, we also introduce the concept of algebraic fractal dimension. A general decoding function which maps each codon to its corresponding amino acid or the stop signals is also derived. The Phenotypic Hotel of amino acids is also illustrated. The proposed evolutionary paths are discussed in terms of the existing theories of the evolution of the SGC. The adoption of 3-dimensional models of the Genetic and Phenotypic Hotels will facilitate the understanding of the biological properties of the SGC.

  14. Process Algebra and Markov Chains

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Brinksma, Hendrik; Hermanns, H.; Brinksma, Hendrik; Hermanns, H.; Katoen, Joost P.

    This paper surveys and relates the basic concepts of process algebra and the modelling of continuous time Markov chains. It provides basic introductions to both fields, where we also study the Markov chains from an algebraic perspective, viz. that of Markov chain algebra. We then proceed to study

  15. Process algebra and Markov chains

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Brinksma, E.; Hermanns, H.; Brinksma, E.; Hermanns, H.; Katoen, J.P.

    2001-01-01

    This paper surveys and relates the basic concepts of process algebra and the modelling of continuous time Markov chains. It provides basic introductions to both fields, where we also study the Markov chains from an algebraic perspective, viz. that of Markov chain algebra. We then proceed to study

  16. Algebraic Optimization of Recursive Database Queries

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Michael Reichhardt

    1988-01-01

    Queries are expressed by relational algebra expressions including a fixpoint operation. A condition is presented under which a natural join commutes with a fixpoint operation. This condition is a simple check of attribute sets of sub-expressions of the query. The work may be considered a generali......Queries are expressed by relational algebra expressions including a fixpoint operation. A condition is presented under which a natural join commutes with a fixpoint operation. This condition is a simple check of attribute sets of sub-expressions of the query. The work may be considered...... a generalization of Aho and Ullman, (1979). The result is interpreted in function free logic database terms as a transformation of the recursively defined predicate involving: (a) elimination of an argument, and (b) propagation of selections (instantiations) to the extensionally defined predicates. A collection...

  17. su(1,2) Algebraic Structure of XYZ Antiferromagnetic Model in Linear Spin-Wave Frame

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin Shuo; Xie Binghao; Yu Zhaoxian; Hou Jingmin

    2008-01-01

    The XYZ antiferromagnetic model in linear spin-wave frame is shown explicitly to have an su(1,2) algebraic structure: the Hamiltonian can be written as a linear function of the su(1,2) algebra generators. Based on it, the energy eigenvalues are obtained by making use of the similar transformations, and the algebraic diagonalization method is investigated. Some numerical solutions are given, and the results indicate that only one group solution could be accepted in physics

  18. The Hamiltonian of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model in the exceptional algebra E8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandez Nunez, J; Garcia Fuertes, W; Perelomov, A M

    2009-01-01

    We express the Hamiltonian of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model for the Lie algebra E 8 and coupling constant κ by using the fundamental irreducible characters of the algebra as dynamical independent variables

  19. The naked spinor a rewrite of Clifford algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Morris, Dennis

    2015-01-01

    This book is about spinors. The whole mathematical theory of spinors is within Clifford algebra, and so this book is about Clifford algebra. Spinor theory is really the theory of empty space, and so this book is about empty space. The whole of Clifford algebra is rewritten in a much simpler form, and so the whole of spinor theory is rewritten in a much simpler form. Not only does this book make Clifford algebra simple and obvious, but it lifts the fog and mirrors from this area of mathematics to make it clear and obvious. In doing so, the true nature of spinors is revealed to the reader, and, with that, the true nature of empty space. To understand this book you will need an elementary knowledge of linear algebra (matrices) an elementary knowledge of finite groups and an elementary knowledge of the complex numbers. From no more than that, you will gain a very deep understanding of Clifford algebra, spinors, and empty space. The book is well written with all the mathematical steps laid before the reader in a w...

  20. Cylindric-like algebras and algebraic logic

    CERN Document Server

    Ferenczi, Miklós; Németi, István

    2013-01-01

    Algebraic logic is a subject in the interface between logic, algebra and geometry, it has strong connections with category theory and combinatorics. Tarski’s quest for finding structure in logic leads to cylindric-like algebras as studied in this book, they are among the main players in Tarskian algebraic logic. Cylindric algebra theory can be viewed in many ways:  as an algebraic form of definability theory, as a study of higher-dimensional relations, as an enrichment of Boolean Algebra theory, or, as logic in geometric form (“cylindric” in the name refers to geometric aspects). Cylindric-like algebras have a wide range of applications, in, e.g., natural language theory, data-base theory, stochastics, and even in relativity theory. The present volume, consisting of 18 survey papers, intends to give an overview of the main achievements and new research directions in the past 30 years, since the publication of the Henkin-Monk-Tarski monographs. It is dedicated to the memory of Leon Henkin.

  1. IDEAL STRUCTURE OF UNIFORM ROE ALGEBRAS OVER SIMPLE CORES

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    CHEN XIAOMAN; WANG QIN

    2004-01-01

    This paper characterizes ideal structure of the uniform Roe algebra B* (X) over sinple cores X. A necessary and sufficient condition for a principal ideal of B*(X) to be spatial is given and an example of non-spatial ideal of B* (X) is constructed. By establishing an one-one correspondence between the ideals of B* (X) and the ω-filters on X, the maximal ideals of B* (X) are completely described by the corona of the Stone-Cech compactification of X.

  2. Algebra of 2D periodic operators with local and perpendicular defects

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kutsenko, Anton

    2016-01-01

    We show that 2D periodic operators with local and perpendicular defects form an algebra. We provide an algorithm for finding spectrum for such operators. While the continuous spectral components can be computed by simple algebraic operations on some matrix-valued functions and a few number...

  3. A simple stability criterion for CANDU figure-of-eight flow oscillations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gulshani, P.; Spinks, N.J.

    1983-01-01

    Potential flow oscillations in CANDU reactor primary heat transport system are analyzed in terms of a simple, linearized model. A simple, algebraic stability criterion is obtained. The model predictions are found to be in good agreement with those of thermohydraulic codes for high pressure natural circulation conditions. For normal operating conditions the criterion predicts the correct trend but overlooks important stabilizing effects. The model clarifies the instability mechanism; namely the response of enthalpy and, hence, pressure in the boiling region to flow change

  4. Predicting NonInertial Effects with Algebraic Stress Models which Account for Dissipation Rate Anisotropies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jongen, T.; Machiels, L.; Gatski, T. B.

    1997-01-01

    Three types of turbulence models which account for rotational effects in noninertial frames of reference are evaluated for the case of incompressible, fully developed rotating turbulent channel flow. The different types of models are a Coriolis-modified eddy-viscosity model, a realizable algebraic stress model, and an algebraic stress model which accounts for dissipation rate anisotropies. A direct numerical simulation of a rotating channel flow is used for the turbulent model validation. This simulation differs from previous studies in that significantly higher rotation numbers are investigated. Flows at these higher rotation numbers are characterized by a relaminarization on the cyclonic or suction side of the channel, and a linear velocity profile on the anticyclonic or pressure side of the channel. The predictive performance of the three types of models are examined in detail, and formulation deficiencies are identified which cause poor predictive performance for some of the models. Criteria are identified which allow for accurate prediction of such flows by algebraic stress models and their corresponding Reynolds stress formulations.

  5. Invariance Lie algebra and group of the non relativistic hydrogen atom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Decoster, Alain

    1970-01-01

    The first part of this work contains a general survey of the use of Lie groups and algebras in quantum mechanics, followed by an extensive description of tbe invariance algebra and invariance group of the non-relativistic hydrogen atom; the realization of this group discovered by FOCK is specially examined. The second part is a two-hundred items bibliography on invariance groups and algebras of classical and quantum-mechanical simple systems. (author) [fr

  6. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; Martini, Ruud

    1995-01-01

    We discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincar'e-Birkhoff-Witt-type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra $g$. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebra structure of

  7. Using computer algebra and SMT-solvers to analyze a mathematical model of cholera propagation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trujillo Arredondo, Mariana

    2014-06-01

    We analyze a mathematical model for the transmission of cholera. The model is already defined and involves variables such as the pathogen agent, which in this case is the bacterium Vibrio cholera, and the human population. The human population is divided into three classes: susceptible, infectious and removed. Using Computer Algebra, specifically Maple we obtain two equilibrium states: the disease free state and the endemic state. Using Maple it is possible to prove that the disease free state is locally asymptotically stable if and only if R0 1. Using the package Red-Log of the Computer algebra system Reduce and the SMT-Solver Z3Py it is possible to obtain numerical conditions for the model. The formula for the basic reproductive number makes a synthesis with all epidemic parameters in the model. Also it is possible to make numerical simulations which are very illustrative about the epidemic patters that are expected to be observed in real situations. We claim that these kinds of software are very useful in the analysis of epidemic models given that the symbolic computation provides algebraic formulas for the basic reproductive number and such algebraic formulas are very useful to derive control measures. For other side, computer algebra software is a powerful tool to make the stability analysis for epidemic models given that the all steps in the stability analysis can be made automatically: finding the equilibrium points, computing the jacobian, computing the characteristic polynomial for the jacobian, and applying the Routh-Hurwitz theorem to the characteristic polynomial. Finally, using SMT-Solvers is possible to make automatically checks of satisfiability, validity and quantifiers elimination being these computations very useful to analyse complicated epidemic models.

  8. Off-critical W∞ and Virasoro algebras as dynamical symmetries of the integrable models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sotkov, G.; Stanishkov, M.

    1993-01-01

    An infinite set of new non commuting conserved charges in a specific class of perturbed CFT's is founded and a criterion for their existence is presented. They appear to be higher momenta of the already known commuting conserved currents. The algebra they close consists of two non commuting W ∞ algebras. Various Virasoro subalgebras of the full symmetry algebra are founded. It is shown on the examples of the perturbed Ising and Potts models that one of them plays an essential role in the computation of the correlation functions of the fields of the theory. (author)

  9. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for 19-vertex models with reflection conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Utiel, Wagner

    2003-01-01

    In this work we solve the 19-vertex models with the use of algebraic Bethe ansatz for diagonal reflection matrices (Sklyanin K-matrices). The eigenvectors, eigenvalues and Bethe equations are given in a general form. Quantum spin chains of spin one derived from the 19-vertex models were also discussed

  10. Geometric Model of Topological Insulators from the Maxwell Algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palumbo, Giandomenico

    I propose a novel geometric model of time-reversal-invariant topological insulators in three dimensions in presence of an external electromagnetic field. Their gapped boundary supports relativistic quantum Hall states and is described by a Chern-Simons theory, where the gauge connection takes values in the Maxwell algebra. This represents a non-central extension of the Poincare' algebra and takes into account both the Lorentz and magnetic-translation symmetries of the surface states. In this way, I derive a relativistic version of the Wen-Zee term and I show that the non-minimal coupling between the background geometry and the electromagnetic field in the model is in agreement with the main properties of the relativistic quantum Hall states in the flat space. This work is part of the DITP consortium, a program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) that is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW).

  11. The N=2 super-W3 algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Romans, L.J.

    1992-01-01

    We present the complete structure of the N=2 super-W 3 algebra, a non-linear extended conformal algebra containing the usual N=2 superconformal algebra (with generators of spins 1, 3/2, 3/2 and 2) and a higher-spin multiplet of generators with spins 2, 5/2, 5/2 and 3. We investigate various sub-algebras and related algebras, and find necessary conditions upon possible unitary representations of the algebra. In particular, the central charge c is restricted to two discrete series, one ascending and one descending to a common accumulation point c=6. The results suggest that the algebra is realised in certain (compact or non-compact) Kazama-Suzuki coset models, including a c=9 model proposed by Bars based on SU(2, 1)/U(2). (orig.)

  12. Non-associativity in non-geometric string and M-theory backgrounds, the algebra of octonions, and missing momentum modes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Günaydin, Murat [Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Physics Department,Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Lüst, Dieter [Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 München (Germany); Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München (Germany); Malek, Emanuel [Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 München (Germany)

    2016-11-07

    We propose a non-associative phase space algebra for M-theory backgrounds with locally non-geometric fluxes based on the non-associative algebra of octonions. Our proposal is based on the observation that the non-associative algebra of the non-geometric R-flux background in string theory can be obtained by a proper contraction of the simple Malcev algebra generated by imaginary octonions. Furthermore, by studying a toy model of a four-dimensional locally non-geometric M-theory background which is dual to a twisted torus, we show that the non-geometric background is “missing” a momentum mode. The resulting seven-dimensional phase space can thus be naturally identified with the imaginary octonions. This allows us to interpret the full uncontracted algebra of imaginary octonions as the uplift of the string theory R-flux algebra to M-theory, with the contraction parameter playing the role of the string coupling constant g{sub s}.

  13. Using Max-Plus Algebra for the Evaluation of Stochastic Process Algebra Prefixes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cloth, L.; de Alfaro, L.; Gilmore, S.; Bohnenkamp, H.C.; Haverkort, Boudewijn R.H.M.

    2001-01-01

    In this paper, the concept of complete finite prefixes for process algebra expressions is extended to stochastic models. Events are supposed to happen after a delay that is determined by random variables assigned to the preceding conditions. Max-plus algebra expressions are shown to provide an

  14. The algebras of higher order currents of the fermionic Gross-Neveu model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saltini, Luis Eduardo

    1996-01-01

    Results are reported from our studies on the following 2-dimensional field theories: the supersymmetric non-linear sigma model and the fermionic Gross-Neveu model. About the supersymmetric non-linear sigma model, an attempt is made to solve the the algebraic problem of finding the non-local conserved charges and the corresponding algebra, extending the methods described in a previous article for the case of the purely bosonic non linear sigma model. For the fermionic Gross-Neveu model, we intend to construct the conserved currents and the respective charges, related to the abelian U(1) symmetry and non-abelian SU(n) symmetry, at the conformal point and calculate the correlation functions between them. From these results at the conformal point, we want to study the effects of perturbation to get a massive but integral theory

  15. Introduction to relation algebras relation algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Givant, Steven

    2017-01-01

    The first volume of a pair that charts relation algebras from novice to expert level, this text offers a comprehensive grounding for readers new to the topic. Upon completing this introduction, mathematics students may delve into areas of active research by progressing to the second volume, Advanced Topics in Relation Algebras; computer scientists, philosophers, and beyond will be equipped to apply these tools in their own field. The careful presentation establishes first the arithmetic of relation algebras, providing ample motivation and examples, then proceeds primarily on the basis of algebraic constructions: subalgebras, homomorphisms, quotient algebras, and direct products. Each chapter ends with a historical section and a substantial number of exercises. The only formal prerequisite is a background in abstract algebra and some mathematical maturity, though the reader will also benefit from familiarity with Boolean algebra and naïve set theory. The measured pace and outstanding clarity are particularly ...

  16. Algebraic Structure of tt * Equations for Calabi-Yau Sigma Models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alim, Murad

    2017-08-01

    The tt * equations define a flat connection on the moduli spaces of {2d, \\mathcal{N}=2} quantum field theories. For conformal theories with c = 3 d, which can be realized as nonlinear sigma models into Calabi-Yau d-folds, this flat connection is equivalent to special geometry for threefolds and to its analogs in other dimensions. We show that the non-holomorphic content of the tt * equations, restricted to the conformal directions, in the cases d = 1, 2, 3 is captured in terms of finitely many generators of special functions, which close under derivatives. The generators are understood as coordinates on a larger moduli space. This space parameterizes a freedom in choosing representatives of the chiral ring while preserving a constant topological metric. Geometrically, the freedom corresponds to a choice of forms on the target space respecting the Hodge filtration and having a constant pairing. Linear combinations of vector fields on that space are identified with the generators of a Lie algebra. This Lie algebra replaces the non-holomorphic derivatives of tt * and provides these with a finer and algebraic meaning. For sigma models into lattice polarized K3 manifolds, the differential ring of special functions on the moduli space is constructed, extending known structures for d = 1 and 3. The generators of the differential rings of special functions are given by quasi-modular forms for d = 1 and their generalizations in d = 2, 3. Some explicit examples are worked out including the case of the mirror of the quartic in {\\mathbbm{P}^3}, where due to further algebraic constraints, the differential ring coincides with quasi modular forms.

  17. Quasitraces on exact C*-algebras are traces

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Haagerup, Uffe

    2014-01-01

    It is shown that all 2-quasitraces on a unital exact C ∗   -algebra are traces. As consequences one gets: (1) Every stably finite exact unital C ∗   -algebra has a tracial state, and (2) if an AW ∗   -factor of type II 1   is generated (as an AW ∗   -algebra) by an exact C ∗   -subalgebra, then i......, then it is a von Neumann II 1   -factor. This is a partial solution to a well known problem of Kaplansky. The present result was used by Blackadar, Kumjian and Rørdam to prove that RR(A)=0  for every simple non-commutative torus of any dimension...

  18. Fusion rules of chiral algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaberdiel, M.

    1994-01-01

    Recently we showed that for the case of the WZW and the minimal models fusion can be understood as a certain ring-like tensor product of the symmetry algebra. In this paper we generalize this analysis to arbitrary chiral algebras. We define the tensor product of conformal field theory in the general case and prove that it is associative and symmetric up to equivalence. We also determine explicitly the action of the chiral algebra on this tensor product. In the second part of the paper we demonstrate that this framework provides a powerful tool for calculating restrictions for the fusion rules of chiral algebras. We exhibit this for the case of the W 3 algebra and the N=1 and N=2 NS superconformal algebras. (orig.)

  19. Extensions of Scott's Graph Model and Kleene's Second Algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Oosten, J.; Voorneveld, Niels

    We use a way to extend partial combinatory algebras (pcas) by forcing them to represent certain functions. In the case of Scott’s Graph Model, equality is computable relative to the complement function. However, the converse is not true. This creates a hierarchy of pcas which relates to similar

  20. q-structure algebra of Uq(g-circumflex) from its adjoint action

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El Hassouni, A.; Hassouni, Y.; Zakkari, M.

    1994-08-01

    We prove that the adjoint action of the quantum affine Lie algebra U q (g-circumflex), where g is a simple finite dimensional Lie algebra, reproduces the q-commutation relationship of U q (g-circumflex) if and only if g is of type A n , n ≥ 1. (author). 4 refs

  1. From Rota-Baxter algebras to pre-Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    An Huihui; Ba, Chengming

    2008-01-01

    Rota-Baxter algebras were introduced to solve some analytic and combinatorial problems and have appeared in many fields in mathematics and mathematical physics. Rota-Baxter algebras provide a construction of pre-Lie algebras from associative algebras. In this paper, we give all Rota-Baxter operators of weight 1 on complex associative algebras in dimension ≤3 and their corresponding pre-Lie algebras

  2. Quartic Poisson algebras and quartic associative algebras and realizations as deformed oscillator algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marquette, Ian

    2013-01-01

    We introduce the most general quartic Poisson algebra generated by a second and a fourth order integral of motion of a 2D superintegrable classical system. We obtain the corresponding quartic (associative) algebra for the quantum analog, extend Daskaloyannis construction obtained in context of quadratic algebras, and also obtain the realizations as deformed oscillator algebras for this quartic algebra. We obtain the Casimir operator and discuss how these realizations allow to obtain the finite-dimensional unitary irreducible representations of quartic algebras and obtain algebraically the degenerate energy spectrum of superintegrable systems. We apply the construction and the formula obtained for the structure function on a superintegrable system related to type I Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials introduced recently

  3. Galois Connections for Flow Algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Filipiuk, Piotr; Terepeta, Michal Tomasz; Nielson, Hanne Riis

    2011-01-01

    to the approach taken by Monotone Frameworks and other classical analyses. We present a generic framework for static analysis based on flow algebras and program graphs. Program graphs are often used in Model Checking to model concurrent and distributed systems. The framework allows to induce new flow algebras...

  4. The semi-simple zeta function of quaternionic Shimura varieties

    CERN Document Server

    Reimann, Harry

    1997-01-01

    This monograph is concerned with the Shimura variety attached to a quaternion algebra over a totally real number field. For any place of good (or moderately bad) reduction, the corresponding (semi-simple) local zeta function is expressed in terms of (semi-simple) local L-functions attached to automorphic representations. In an appendix a conjecture of Langlands and Rapoport on the reduction of a Shimura variety in a very general case is restated in a slightly stronger form. The reader is expected to be familiar with the basic concepts of algebraic geometry, algebraic number theory and the theory of automorphic representation.

  5. An algebraic perspective to single-transponder underwater navigation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jouffroy, Jerome; Reger, Johann

    This paper studies the position estimation of an underwater vehicle using a single acoustic transponder. The chosen estimation approach is based on nonlinear differential algebraic methods which allow to express very simply conditions for observability. These are then used in combination with an ...... with an integrator-based time-derivative estimation technique to design an algebraic estimator, which, contrary to asymptotic observers, does not require sometimes tedious convergence verification. Simple simulation results are presented to illustrate the approach....

  6. Yoneda algebras of almost Koszul algebras

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Abstract. Let k be an algebraically closed field, A a finite dimensional connected. (p,q)-Koszul self-injective algebra with p, q ≥ 2. In this paper, we prove that the. Yoneda algebra of A is isomorphic to a twisted polynomial algebra A![t; β] in one inde- terminate t of degree q +1 in which A! is the quadratic dual of A, β is an ...

  7. Quantum cluster algebras and quantum nilpotent algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goodearl, Kenneth R.; Yakimov, Milen T.

    2014-01-01

    A major direction in the theory of cluster algebras is to construct (quantum) cluster algebra structures on the (quantized) coordinate rings of various families of varieties arising in Lie theory. We prove that all algebras in a very large axiomatically defined class of noncommutative algebras possess canonical quantum cluster algebra structures. Furthermore, they coincide with the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. We also establish analogs of these results for a large class of Poisson nilpotent algebras. Many important families of coordinate rings are subsumed in the class we are covering, which leads to a broad range of applications of the general results to the above-mentioned types of problems. As a consequence, we prove the Berenstein–Zelevinsky conjecture [Berenstein A, Zelevinsky A (2005) Adv Math 195:405–455] for the quantized coordinate rings of double Bruhat cells and construct quantum cluster algebra structures on all quantum unipotent groups, extending the theorem of Geiß et al. [Geiß C, et al. (2013) Selecta Math 19:337–397] for the case of symmetric Kac–Moody groups. Moreover, we prove that the upper cluster algebras of Berenstein et al. [Berenstein A, et al. (2005) Duke Math J 126:1–52] associated with double Bruhat cells coincide with the corresponding cluster algebras. PMID:24982197

  8. Mathematical Modelling in Engineering: A Proposal to Introduce Linear Algebra Concepts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cárcamo Bahamonde, Andrea; Gómez Urgelles, Joan; Fortuny Aymemí, Josep

    2016-01-01

    The modern dynamic world requires that basic science courses for engineering, including linear algebra, emphasise the development of mathematical abilities primarily associated with modelling and interpreting, which are not exclusively calculus abilities. Considering this, an instructional design was created based on mathematical modelling and…

  9. An introduction to algebraic geometry and algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Geck, Meinolf

    2003-01-01

    An accessible text introducing algebraic geometries and algebraic groups at advanced undergraduate and early graduate level, this book develops the language of algebraic geometry from scratch and uses it to set up the theory of affine algebraic groups from first principles.Building on the background material from algebraic geometry and algebraic groups, the text provides an introduction to more advanced and specialised material. An example is the representation theory of finite groups of Lie type.The text covers the conjugacy of Borel subgroups and maximal tori, the theory of algebraic groups

  10. The tensor structure on the representation category of the Wp triplet algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsuchiya, Akihiro; Wood, Simon

    2013-01-01

    We study the braided monoidal structure that the fusion product induces on the Abelian category W p -mod, the category of representations of the triplet W-algebra W p . The W p -algebras are a family of vertex operator algebras that form the simplest known examples of symmetry algebras of logarithmic conformal field theories. We formalize the methods for computing fusion products, developed by Nahm, Gaberdiel and Kausch, that are widely used in the physics literature and illustrate a systematic approach to calculating fusion products in non-semi-simple representation categories. We apply these methods to the braided monoidal structure of W p -mod, previously constructed by Huang, Lepowsky and Zhang, to prove that this braided monoidal structure is rigid. The rigidity of W p -mod allows us to prove explicit formulae for the fusion product on the set of all simple and all projective W p -modules, which were first conjectured by Fuchs, Hwang, Semikhatov and Tipunin; and Gaberdiel and Runkel. (paper)

  11. Integrable N dimensional systems on the Hopf algebra and q deformations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisitsyn, Ya.V.; Shapovalov, A.V.

    2000-01-01

    The class of integrable classic and quantum systems on the Hopf algebra, describing the n of interacting particles, is plotted. The general structure of the integrable Hamiltonian system for the Hopf algebra A(g) of the Lee simple algebra g is obtained, wherefrom it follows, that motion integrals depend on the linear combinations k of the phase space coordinates. The q-deformation standard procedure is carried out and the corresponding integrable system is obtained. The general scheme is illustrated by the examples of the sl(2), sl(3) and o(3, 1) algebras. The exact solution is achieved for the N-dimensional Hamiltonian system quantum analog on the Hopf algebra A (sl(2)) through the method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations [ru

  12. Irreducible geometric subgroups of classical algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Burness, Timothy C; Testerman, Donna M

    2016-01-01

    Let G be a simple classical algebraic group over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p \\ge 0 with natural module W. Let H be a closed subgroup of G and let V be a non-trivial irreducible tensor-indecomposable p-restricted rational KG-module such that the restriction of V to H is irreducible. In this paper the authors classify the triples (G,H,V) of this form, where H is a disconnected maximal positive-dimensional closed subgroup of G preserving a natural geometric structure on W.

  13. Applications of Computer Algebra Conference

    CERN Document Server

    Martínez-Moro, Edgar

    2017-01-01

    The Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA) conference covers a wide range of topics from Coding Theory to Differential Algebra to Quantam Computing, focusing on the interactions of these and other areas with the discipline of Computer Algebra. This volume provides the latest developments in the field as well as its applications in various domains, including communications, modelling, and theoretical physics. The book will appeal to researchers and professors of computer algebra, applied mathematics, and computer science, as well as to engineers and computer scientists engaged in research and development.

  14. Homotopy Theory of C*-Algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Ostvaer, Paul Arne

    2010-01-01

    Homotopy theory and C* algebras are central topics in contemporary mathematics. This book introduces a modern homotopy theory for C*-algebras. One basic idea of the setup is to merge C*-algebras and spaces studied in algebraic topology into one category comprising C*-spaces. These objects are suitable fodder for standard homotopy theoretic moves, leading to unstable and stable model structures. With the foundations in place one is led to natural definitions of invariants for C*-spaces such as homology and cohomology theories, K-theory and zeta-functions. The text is largely self-contained. It

  15. Development of abstract mathematical reasoning: the case of algebra.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Susac, Ana; Bubic, Andreja; Vrbanc, Andrija; Planinic, Maja

    2014-01-01

    Algebra typically represents the students' first encounter with abstract mathematical reasoning and it therefore causes significant difficulties for students who still reason concretely. The aim of the present study was to investigate the developmental trajectory of the students' ability to solve simple algebraic equations. 311 participants between the ages of 13 and 17 were given a computerized test of equation rearrangement. Equations consisted of an unknown and two other elements (numbers or letters), and the operations of multiplication/division. The obtained results showed that younger participants are less accurate and slower in solving equations with letters (symbols) than those with numbers. This difference disappeared for older participants (16-17 years), suggesting that they had reached an abstract reasoning level, at least for this simple task. A corresponding conclusion arises from the analysis of their strategies which suggests that younger participants mostly used concrete strategies such as inserting numbers, while older participants typically used more abstract, rule-based strategies. These results indicate that the development of algebraic thinking is a process which unfolds over a long period of time. In agreement with previous research, we can conclude that, on average, children at the age of 15-16 transition from using concrete to abstract strategies while solving the algebra problems addressed within the present study. A better understanding of the timing and speed of students' transition from concrete arithmetic reasoning to abstract algebraic reasoning might help in designing better curricula and teaching materials that would ease that transition.

  16. Lie n-algebras of BPS charges

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sati, Hisham [University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 (United States); Mathematics Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi,Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates); Schreiber, Urs [Mathematics Institute of the Academy,Žitna 25, Praha 1, 115 67 (Czech Republic)

    2017-03-16

    We uncover higher algebraic structures on Noether currents and BPS charges. It is known that equivalence classes of conserved currents form a Lie algebra. We show that at least for target space symmetries of higher parameterized WZW-type sigma-models this naturally lifts to a Lie (p+1)-algebra structure on the Noether currents themselves. Applied to the Green-Schwarz-type action functionals for super p-brane sigma-models this yields super Lie (p+1)-algebra refinements of the traditional BPS brane charge extensions of supersymmetry algebras. We discuss this in the generality of higher differential geometry, where it applies also to branes with (higher) gauge fields on their worldvolume. Applied to the M5-brane sigma-model we recover and properly globalize the M-theory super Lie algebra extension of 11-dimensional superisometries by 2-brane and 5-brane charges. Passing beyond the infinitesimal Lie theory we find cohomological corrections to these charges in higher analogy to the familiar corrections for D-brane charges as they are lifted from ordinary cohomology to twisted K-theory. This supports the proposal that M-brane charges live in a twisted cohomology theory.

  17. INPUT-OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF LINEAR-DIFFERENTIAL ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    KUIJPER, M; SCHUMACHER, JM

    Systems of linear differential and algebraic equations occur in various ways, for instance, as a result of automated modeling procedures and in problems involving algebraic constraints, such as zero dynamics and exact model matching. Differential/algebraic systems may represent an input-output

  18. The Das-Popowicz Moyal momentum algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boulahoual, A.; Sedra, M.B.

    2002-08-01

    We introduce in this short note some aspects of the Moyal momentum algebra that we call the Das-Popowicz Mm algebra. Our interest on this algebra is motivated by the central role that it can play in the formulation of integrable models and in higher conformal spin theories. (author)

  19. Simple 2-representations and Classification of Categorifications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Agerholm, Troels

    We consider selfadjoint functors defined on categories of modules over finite dimensional algebras and classify those that satisfy some simple relations. In particular we classify self- adjoint idempotents and selfadjoint squareroots of a multiple of the identity functor. This is related to the t......We consider selfadjoint functors defined on categories of modules over finite dimensional algebras and classify those that satisfy some simple relations. In particular we classify self- adjoint idempotents and selfadjoint squareroots of a multiple of the identity functor. This is related...

  20. Continual Lie algebras and noncommutative counterparts of exactly solvable models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuevsky, A.

    2004-01-01

    Noncommutative counterparts of exactly solvable models are introduced on the basis of a generalization of Saveliev-Vershik continual Lie algebras. Examples of noncommutative Liouville and sin/h-Gordon equations are given. The simplest soliton solution to the noncommutative sine-Gordon equation is found.

  1. Algebraic approach to q-deformed supersymmetric variants of the Hubbard model with pair hoppings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arnaudon, D.

    1997-01-01

    Two quantum spin chains Hamiltonians with quantum sl(2/1) invariance are constructed. These spin chains define variants of the Hubbard model and describe electron models with pair hoppings. A cubic algebra that admits the Birman-Wenzl-Murakami algebra as a quotient allows exact solvability of the periodic chain. The two Hamiltonians, respectively built using the distinguished and the fermionic bases of U q (sl(2/1)) differ only in the boundary terms. They are actually equivalent, but the equivalence is non local. Reflection equations are solved to get exact solvability on open chains with non trivial boundary conditions. Two families of diagonal solutions are found. The centre and the s-Casimir of the quantum enveloping algebra of sl(2/1) appear as tools for the construction of exactly solvable Hamiltonians. (author)

  2. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the Universal Enveloping Algebra of a Lie Algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; van den Hijligenberg, N.; Martini, Ruud

    1995-01-01

    We discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra g. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebrastructure of U(g).

  3. The Virasoro algebra in integrable hierarchies and the method of matrix models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Semikhatov, A.M.

    1992-01-01

    The action of the Virasoro algebra on hierarchies of nonlinear integrable equations, and also the structure and consequences of Virasoro constraints on these hierarchies, are studied. It is proposed that a broad class of hierarchies, restricted by Virasoro constraints, can be defined in terms of dressing operators hidden in the structure of integrable systems. The Virasoro-algebra representation constructed on the dressing operators displays a number of analogies with structures in conformal field theory. The formulation of the Virasoro constraints that stems from this representation makes it possible to translate into the language of integrable systems a number of concepts from the method of the 'matrix models' that describe nonperturbative quantum gravity, and, in particular, to realize a 'hierarchical' version of the double scaling limit. From the Virasoro constraints written in terms of the dressing operators generalized loop equations are derived, and this makes it possible to do calculations on a reconstruction of the field-theoretical description. The reduction of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy, subject to Virasoro constraints, to generalized Korteweg-deVries (KdV) hierarchies is implemented, and the corresponding representation of the Virasoro algebra on these hierarchies is found both in the language of scalar differential operators and in the matrix formalism of Drinfel'd and Sokolov. The string equation in the matrix formalism does not replicate the structure of the scalar string equation. The symmetry algebras of the KP and N-KdV hierarchies restricted by Virasoro constraints are calculated: A relationship is established with algebras from the family W ∞ (J) of infinite W-algebras

  4. Coset realization of unifying W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blumenhagen, R.; Huebel, R.

    1994-06-01

    We construct several quantum coset W-algebras, e.g. sl(2,R)/U(1) and sl(2,R)+sl(2,R)/sl(2,R), and argue that they are finitely nonfreely generated. Furthermore, we discuss in detail their role as unifying W-algebras of Casimir W-algebras. We show that it is possible to give coset realizations of various types of unifying W-algebras, e.g. the diagonal cosets based on the symplectic Lie algebras sp(2n) realize the unifying W-algebras which have previously been introduced as 'WD -n '. In addition, minimal models of WD -n are studied. The coset realizations provide a generalization of level-rank-duality of dual coset pairs. As further examples of finitely nonfreely generated quantum W-algebras we discuss orbifolding of W-algebras which on the quantum level has different properties than in the classical case. We demonstrate in some examples that the classical limit according to Bowcock and Watts of these nonfreely finitely generated quantum W-algebras probably yields infinitely nonfreely generated classical W-algebras. (orig.)

  5. The relation between quantum W algebras and Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boer, J. de; Tjin, T.

    1994-01-01

    By quantizing the generalized Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction scheme for arbitrary sl 2 embeddings we show that a large set W of quantum W algebras can be viewed as (BRST) cohomologies of affine Lie algebras. The set W contains many known W algebras such as W N and W 3 (2) . Our formalism yields a completely algorithmic method for calculating the W algebra generators and their operator product expansions, replacing the cumbersome construction of W algebras as commutants of screening operators. By generalizing and quantizing the Miura transformation we show that any W algebra in W can be embedded into the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple affine Lie algebra which is, up to shifts in level, isomorphic to a subalgebra of the original affine algebra. Therefore any realization of this semisimple affine Lie algebra leads to a realization of the W algebra. In particular, one obtains in this way a general and explicit method for constructing the free field realizations and Fock resolutions for all algebras in W. Some examples are explicitly worked out. (orig.)

  6. Algebraic entropy for differential-delay equations

    OpenAIRE

    Viallet, Claude M.

    2014-01-01

    We extend the definition of algebraic entropy to a class of differential-delay equations. The vanishing of the entropy, as a structural property of an equation, signals its integrability. We suggest a simple way to produce differential-delay equations with vanishing entropy from known integrable differential-difference equations.

  7. 2-Local derivations on matrix algebras over semi-prime Banach algebras and on AW*-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ayupov, Shavkat; Kudaybergenov, Karimbergen

    2016-01-01

    The paper is devoted to 2-local derivations on matrix algebras over unital semi-prime Banach algebras. For a unital semi-prime Banach algebra A with the inner derivation property we prove that any 2-local derivation on the algebra M 2 n (A), n ≥ 2, is a derivation. We apply this result to AW*-algebras and show that any 2-local derivation on an arbitrary AW*-algebra is a derivation. (paper)

  8. From the topological development of matrix models to the topological string theory: arrangement of surfaces through algebraic geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Orantin, N.

    2007-09-01

    The 2-matrix model has been introduced to study Ising model on random surfaces. Since then, the link between matrix models and arrangement of discrete surfaces has strongly tightened. This manuscript aims to investigate these deep links and extend them beyond the matrix models, following my work's evolution. First, I take care to define properly the hermitian 2 matrix model which gives rise to generating functions of discrete surfaces equipped with a spin structure. Then, I show how to compute all the terms in the topological expansion of any observable by using algebraic geometry tools. They are obtained as differential forms on an algebraic curve associated to the model: the spectral curve. In a second part, I show how to define such differentials on any algebraic curve even if it does not come from a matrix model. I then study their numerous symmetry properties under deformations of the algebraic curve. In particular, I show that these objects coincide with the topological expansion of the observable of a matrix model if the algebraic curve is the spectral curve of this model. Finally, I show that the fine tuning of the parameters ensures that these objects can be promoted to modular invariants and satisfy the holomorphic anomaly equation of the Kodaira-Spencer theory. This gives a new hint that the Dijkgraaf-Vafa conjecture is correct. (author)

  9. Quantum cluster algebra structures on quantum nilpotent algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Goodearl, K R

    2017-01-01

    All algebras in a very large, axiomatically defined class of quantum nilpotent algebras are proved to possess quantum cluster algebra structures under mild conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that these quantum cluster algebras always equal the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. Previous approaches to these problems for the construction of (quantum) cluster algebra structures on (quantized) coordinate rings arising in Lie theory were done on a case by case basis relying on the combinatorics of each concrete family. The results of the paper have a broad range of applications to these problems, including the construction of quantum cluster algebra structures on quantum unipotent groups and quantum double Bruhat cells (the Berenstein-Zelevinsky conjecture), and treat these problems from a unified perspective. All such applications also establish equality between the constructed quantum cluster algebras and their upper counterparts.

  10. Kac-Moody algebras and controlled chaos

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wesley, Daniel H

    2007-01-01

    Compactification can control chaotic Mixmaster behaviour in gravitational systems with p-form matter: we consider this in light of the connection between supergravity models and Kac-Moody algebras. We show that different compactifications define 'mutations' of the algebras associated with the noncompact theories. We list the algebras obtained in this way, and find novel examples of wall systems determined by Lorentzian (but not hyperbolic) algebras. Cosmological models with a smooth pre-big bang phase require that chaos is absent: we show that compactification alone cannot eliminate chaos in the simplest compactifications of the heterotic string on a Calabi-Yau, or M theory on a manifold of G 2 holonomy. (fast track communication)

  11. Quantum algebras in nuclear structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonatsos, D.; Daskaloyannis, C.

    1995-01-01

    Quantum algebras is a mathematical tool which provides us with a class of symmetries wider than that of Lie algebras, which are contained in the former as a special case. After a self-contained introduction through the necessary mathematical tools (q-numbers, q-analysis, q-oscillators, q-algebras), the su q (2) rotator model and its extensions, the construction of deformed exactly soluble models (Interacting Boson Model, Moszkowski model), the use of deformed bosons in the description of pairing correlations, and the symmetries of the anisotropic quantum harmonic oscillator with rational ratios of frequencies, which underline the structure of superdeformed and hyperdeformed nuclei are discussed in some details. A brief description of similar applications to molecular structure and an outlook are also given. (author) 2 Tabs., 324 Refs

  12. Characteristic Dynkin diagrams and W algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragoucy, E.

    1993-01-01

    We present a classification of characteristic Dynkin diagrams for the A N , B N , C N and D N algebras. This classification is related to the classification of W(G, K) algebras arising from non-abelian Toda models, and we argue that it can give new insight on the structure of W algebras. (orig.)

  13. On Elementary and Algebraic Cellular Automata

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gulak, Yuriy

    In this paper we study elementary cellular automata from an algebraic viewpoint. The goal is to relate the emergent complex behavior observed in such systems with the properties of corresponding algebraic structures. We introduce algebraic cellular automata as a natural generalization of elementary ones and discuss their applications as generic models of complex systems.

  14. Quadratic algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Polishchuk, Alexander

    2005-01-01

    Quadratic algebras, i.e., algebras defined by quadratic relations, often occur in various areas of mathematics. One of the main problems in the study of these (and similarly defined) algebras is how to control their size. A central notion in solving this problem is the notion of a Koszul algebra, which was introduced in 1970 by S. Priddy and then appeared in many areas of mathematics, such as algebraic geometry, representation theory, noncommutative geometry, K-theory, number theory, and noncommutative linear algebra. The book offers a coherent exposition of the theory of quadratic and Koszul algebras, including various definitions of Koszulness, duality theory, Poincar�-Birkhoff-Witt-type theorems for Koszul algebras, and the Koszul deformation principle. In the concluding chapter of the book, they explain a surprising connection between Koszul algebras and one-dependent discrete-time stochastic processes.

  15. Real division algebras and other algebras motivated by physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benkart, G.; Osborn, J.M.

    1981-01-01

    In this survey we discuss several general techniques which have been productive in the study of real division algebras, flexible Lie-admissible algebras, and other nonassociative algebras, and we summarize results obtained using these methods. The principal method involved in this work is to view an algebra A as a module for a semisimple Lie algebra of derivations of A and to use representation theory to study products in A. In the case of real division algebras, we also discuss the use of isotopy and the use of a generalized Peirce decomposition. Most of the work summarized here has appeared in more detail in various other papers. The exceptions are results on a class of algebras of dimension 15, motivated by physics, which admit the Lie algebra sl(3) as an algebra of derivations

  16. Contractions of quantum algebraic structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Doikou, A.; Sfetsos, K.

    2010-01-01

    A general framework for obtaining certain types of contracted and centrally extended algebras is reviewed. The whole process relies on the existence of quadratic algebras, which appear in the context of boundary integrable models. (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  17. Algebraic Side-Channel Attack on Twofish

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chujiao Ma

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available While algebraic side-channel attack (ASCA has been successful in breaking simple cryptographic algorithms, it has never been done on larger or more complex algorithms such as Twofish. Compared to other algorithms that ASCA has been used on, Twofish is more difficult to attack due to the key-dependent S-boxes as well as the complex key scheduling. In this paper, we propose the first algebraic side-channel attack on Twofish, and examine the importance of side-channel information in getting past the key-dependent S-boxes and the complex key scheduling. The cryptographic algorithm and side-channel information are both expressed as boolean equations and a SAT solver is used to recover the key. While algebraic attack by itself is not sufficient to break the algorithm, with the help of side-channel information such as Hamming weights, we are able to correctly solve for 96 bits of the 128 bits key in under 2 hours with known plaintext/ciphertext.

  18. Hom-Novikov algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yau, Donald

    2011-01-01

    We study a twisted generalization of Novikov algebras, called Hom-Novikov algebras, in which the two defining identities are twisted by a linear map. It is shown that Hom-Novikov algebras can be obtained from Novikov algebras by twisting along any algebra endomorphism. All algebra endomorphisms on complex Novikov algebras of dimensions 2 or 3 are computed, and their associated Hom-Novikov algebras are described explicitly. Another class of Hom-Novikov algebras is constructed from Hom-commutative algebras together with a derivation, generalizing a construction due to Dorfman and Gel'fand. Two other classes of Hom-Novikov algebras are constructed from Hom-Lie algebras together with a suitable linear endomorphism, generalizing a construction due to Bai and Meng.

  19. The quantum Rabi model and Lie algebra representations of sl2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wakayama, Masato; Yamasaki, Taishi

    2014-01-01

    The aim of the present paper is to understand the spectral problem of the quantum Rabi model in terms of Lie algebra representations of sl 2 (R). We define a second order element of the universal enveloping algebra U(sl 2 ) of sl 2 (R), which, through the image of a principal series representation of sl 2 (R), provides a picture equivalent to the quantum Rabi model drawn by confluent Heun differential equations. By this description, in particular, we give a representation theoretic interpretation of the degenerate part of the spectrum (i.e., Judd's eigenstates) of the Rabi Hamiltonian due to Kuś in 1985, which is a part of the exceptional spectrum parameterized by integers. We also discuss the non-degenerate part of the exceptional spectrum of the model, in addition to the Judd eigenstates, from a viewpoint of infinite dimensional irreducible submodules (or subquotients) of the non-unitary principal series such as holomorphic discrete series representations of sl 2 (R). (paper)

  20. n-ary algebras: a review with applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Azcarraga, J A; Izquierdo, J M

    2010-01-01

    This paper reviews the properties and applications of certain n-ary generalizations of Lie algebras in a self-contained and unified way. These generalizations are algebraic structures in which the two-entry Lie bracket has been replaced by a bracket with n entries. Each type of n-ary bracket satisfies a specific characteristic identity which plays the role of the Jacobi identity for Lie algebras. Particular attention will be paid to generalized Lie algebras, which are defined by even multibrackets obtained by antisymmetrizing the associative products of its n components and that satisfy the generalized Jacobi identity, and to Filippov (or n-Lie) algebras, which are defined by fully antisymmetric n-brackets that satisfy the Filippov identity. 3-Lie algebras have surfaced recently in multi-brane theory in the context of the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson model. As a result, Filippov algebras will be discussed at length, including the cohomology complexes that govern their central extensions and their deformations (it turns out that Whitehead's lemma extends to all semisimple n-Lie algebras). When the skewsymmetry of the Lie or n-Lie algebra bracket is relaxed, one is led to a more general type of n-algebras, the n-Leibniz algebras. These will be discussed as well, since they underlie the cohomological properties of n-Lie algebras. The standard Poisson structure may also be extended to the n-ary case. We shall review here the even generalized Poisson structures, whose generalized Jacobi identity reproduces the pattern of the generalized Lie algebras, and the Nambu-Poisson structures, which satisfy the Filippov identity and determine Filippov algebras. Finally, the recent work of Bagger-Lambert and Gustavsson on superconformal Chern-Simons theory will be briefly discussed. Emphasis will be made on the appearance of the 3-Lie algebra structure and on why the A 4 model may be formulated in terms of an ordinary Lie algebra, and on its Nambu bracket generalization. (topical

  1. Algebraic functions

    CERN Document Server

    Bliss, Gilbert Ames

    1933-01-01

    This book, immediately striking for its conciseness, is one of the most remarkable works ever produced on the subject of algebraic functions and their integrals. The distinguishing feature of the book is its third chapter, on rational functions, which gives an extremely brief and clear account of the theory of divisors.... A very readable account is given of the topology of Riemann surfaces and of the general properties of abelian integrals. Abel's theorem is presented, with some simple applications. The inversion problem is studied for the cases of genus zero and genus unity. The chapter on t

  2. Linear algebra meets Lie algebra: the Kostant-Wallach theory

    OpenAIRE

    Shomron, Noam; Parlett, Beresford N.

    2008-01-01

    In two languages, Linear Algebra and Lie Algebra, we describe the results of Kostant and Wallach on the fibre of matrices with prescribed eigenvalues of all leading principal submatrices. In addition, we present a brief introduction to basic notions in Algebraic Geometry, Integrable Systems, and Lie Algebra aimed at specialists in Linear Algebra.

  3. Krichever-Novikov type algebras theory and applications

    CERN Document Server

    Schlichenmaier, Martin

    2014-01-01

    Krichever and Novikov introduced certain classes of infinite dimensionalLie algebrasto extend the Virasoro algebra and its related algebras to Riemann surfaces of higher genus. The author of this book generalized and extended them toa more general setting needed by the applications. Examples of applications are Conformal Field Theory, Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models, moduli space problems, integrable systems, Lax operator algebras, and deformation theory of Lie algebra. Furthermore they constitute an important class of infinite dimensional Lie algebras which due to their geometric origin are

  4. A Simple Mathematical Model for Standard Model of Elementary Particles and Extension Thereof

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinha, Ashok

    2016-03-01

    An algebraically (and geometrically) simple model representing the masses of the elementary particles in terms of the interaction (strong, weak, electromagnetic) constants is developed, including the Higgs bosons. The predicted Higgs boson mass is identical to that discovered by LHC experimental programs; while possibility of additional Higgs bosons (and their masses) is indicated. The model can be analyzed to explain and resolve many puzzles of particle physics and cosmology including the neutrino masses and mixing; origin of the proton mass and the mass-difference between the proton and the neutron; the big bang and cosmological Inflation; the Hubble expansion; etc. A novel interpretation of the model in terms of quaternion and rotation in the six-dimensional space of the elementary particle interaction-space - or, equivalently, in six-dimensional spacetime - is presented. Interrelations among particle masses are derived theoretically. A new approach for defining the interaction parameters leading to an elegant and symmetrical diagram is delineated. Generalization of the model to include supersymmetry is illustrated without recourse to complex mathematical formulation and free from any ambiguity. This Abstract represents some results of the Author's Independent Theoretical Research in Particle Physics, with possible connection to the Superstring Theory. However, only very elementary mathematics and physics is used in my presentation.

  5. Filiform Lie algebras of order 3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Navarro, R. M.

    2014-04-01

    The aim of this work is to generalize a very important type of Lie algebras and superalgebras, i.e., filiform Lie (super)algebras, into the theory of Lie algebras of order F. Thus, the concept of filiform Lie algebras of order F is obtained. In particular, for F = 3 it has been proved that by using infinitesimal deformations of the associated model elementary Lie algebra it can be obtained families of filiform elementary lie algebras of order 3, analogously as that occurs into the theory of Lie algebras [M. Vergne, "Cohomologie des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes. Application à l'étude de la variété des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes," Bull. Soc. Math. France 98, 81-116 (1970)]. Also we give the dimension, using an adaptation of the {sl}(2,{C})-module Method, and a basis of such infinitesimal deformations in some generic cases.

  6. Extended Virasoro algebra and algebra of area preserving diffeomorphisms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arakelyan, T.A.

    1990-01-01

    The algebra of area preserving diffeomorphism plays an important role in the theory of relativistic membranes. It is pointed out that the relation between this algebra and the extended Virasoro algebra associated with the generalized Kac-Moody algebras G(T 2 ). The highest weight representation of these infinite-dimensional algebras as well as of their subalgebras is studied. 5 refs

  7. Exact boson mappings for nuclear neutron (proton) shell-model algebras having SU(3) subalgebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonatsos, D.; Klein, A.

    1986-01-01

    In this paper the commutation relations of the fermion pair operators of identical nucleons coupled to spin zero are given for the general nuclear major shell in LST coupling. The associated Lie algebras are the unitary symplectic algebras Sp(2M). The corresponding multipole subalgebras are the unitary algebras U(M), which possess SU(3) subalgebras. Number conserving exact boson mappings of both the Dyson and hermitian form are given for the nuclear neutron (proton) s--d, p--f, s--d--g, and p--f--h shells, and their group theoretical structure is emphasized. The results are directly applicable in the case of the s--d shell, while in higher shells the experimentally plausible pseudo-SU(3) symmetry makes them applicable. The final purpose of this work is to provide a link between the shell model and the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) in the deformed limit. As already implied in the work of Draayer and Hecht, it is difficult to associate the boson model developed here with the conventional IBM model. The differences between the two approaches (due mainly to the effects of the Pauli principle) as well as their physical implications are extensively discussed

  8. An application of the division algebras, Jordan algebras and split composition algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foot, R.; Joshi, G.C.

    1992-01-01

    It has been established that the covering group of the Lorentz group in D = 3, 4, 6, 10 can be expressed in a unified way, based on the four composition division algebras R, C, Q and O. In this paper, the authors discuss, in this framework, the role of the complex numbers of quantum mechanics. A unified treatment of quantum-mechanical spinors is given. The authors provide an explicit demonstration that the vector and spinor transformations recently constructed from a subgroup of the reduced structure group of the Jordan algebras M n 3 are indeed the Lorentz transformations. The authors also show that if the division algebras in the construction of the covering groups of the Lorentz groups in D = 3, 4, 6, 10 are replaced by the split composition algebras, then the sequence of groups SO(2, 2), SO(3, 3) and SO(5, 5) result. The analysis is presumed to be self-contained as the relevant aspects of the division algebras and Jordan algebras are reviewed. Some applications to physical theory are indicated

  9. Interactions Between Representation Ttheory, Algebraic Topology and Commutative Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Pitsch, Wolfgang; Zarzuela, Santiago

    2016-01-01

    This book includes 33 expanded abstracts of selected talks given at the two workshops "Homological Bonds Between Commutative Algebra and Representation Theory" and "Brave New Algebra: Opening Perspectives," and the conference "Opening Perspectives in Algebra, Representations, and Topology," held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona between January and June 2015. These activities were part of the one-semester intensive research program "Interactions Between Representation Theory, Algebraic Topology and Commutative Algebra (IRTATCA)." Most of the abstracts present preliminary versions of not-yet published results and cover a large number of topics (including commutative and non commutative algebra, algebraic topology, singularity theory, triangulated categories, representation theory) overlapping with homological methods. This comprehensive book is a valuable resource for the community of researchers interested in homological algebra in a broad sense, and those curious to learn the latest dev...

  10. An introduction to Kac-Moody algebras and their physical applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goddard, P.; Olive, D.

    1986-01-01

    Kac-Moody algebras, the physical applications and results on their representation theory are surveyed. The Sugawara construction of the Virasoro algebra associated with a Kac-Moody algebra is described and it is used to produce the full discrete series of representations of the Virasoro algebra. The quark model construction of representations of Kac-Moody algebras is also described. Conditions necessary for the equivalence of two-dimensional σ-models to free fermion theories are derived

  11. Duncan F. Gregory, William Walton and the development of British algebra: 'algebraical geometry', 'geometrical algebra', abstraction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verburgt, Lukas M

    2016-01-01

    This paper provides a detailed account of the period of the complex history of British algebra and geometry between the publication of George Peacock's Treatise on Algebra in 1830 and William Rowan Hamilton's paper on quaternions of 1843. During these years, Duncan Farquharson Gregory and William Walton published several contributions on 'algebraical geometry' and 'geometrical algebra' in the Cambridge Mathematical Journal. These contributions enabled them not only to generalize Peacock's symbolical algebra on the basis of geometrical considerations, but also to initiate the attempts to question the status of Euclidean space as the arbiter of valid geometrical interpretations. At the same time, Gregory and Walton were bound by the limits of symbolical algebra that they themselves made explicit; their work was not and could not be the 'abstract algebra' and 'abstract geometry' of figures such as Hamilton and Cayley. The central argument of the paper is that an understanding of the contributions to 'algebraical geometry' and 'geometrical algebra' of the second generation of 'scientific' symbolical algebraists is essential for a satisfactory explanation of the radical transition from symbolical to abstract algebra that took place in British mathematics in the 1830s-1840s.

  12. Filiform Lie algebras of order 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Navarro, R. M.

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this work is to generalize a very important type of Lie algebras and superalgebras, i.e., filiform Lie (super)algebras, into the theory of Lie algebras of order F. Thus, the concept of filiform Lie algebras of order F is obtained. In particular, for F = 3 it has been proved that by using infinitesimal deformations of the associated model elementary Lie algebra it can be obtained families of filiform elementary lie algebras of order 3, analogously as that occurs into the theory of Lie algebras [M. Vergne, “Cohomologie des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes. Application à l’étude de la variété des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes,” Bull. Soc. Math. France 98, 81–116 (1970)]. Also we give the dimension, using an adaptation of the sl(2,C)-module Method, and a basis of such infinitesimal deformations in some generic cases

  13. Current algebras and many-body physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Albertin, U.K.

    1989-01-01

    Several applications of current algebras in many body physics are examined. The first is the interacting Bose gas in three dimensions. Theories for phonons, vortices and rotons are all described within the current algebra formalism. Next the one dimensional electron gas is examined within the approximation of linear dispersion so that relativistic current algebra techniques may be used. The relation with Thirring strings and compactified boson models is examined, and points of enhanced symmetry in the compactified boson models are shown to lie on phase transition lines for the electron gas. Finally, mathematical aspects of the current algebra are studied. The theory of induced representations of the diffeomorphism group are used to describe the Aharanov-Bohm effect, the thermodynamics of the Bose gas, and the Bose gas in the presence of vortex filaments

  14. Supersymmetry in physics: an algebraic overview

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramond, P.

    1983-01-01

    In 1970, while attempting to generalize the Veneziano model (string model) to include fermions, I introduced a new algebraic structure which turned out to be a graded Lie algebra; it was used as a spectrum-generating algebra. This approach was soon after generalized to include interactions, yielding a complete model of fermions and boson (RNS model). In an unrelated work in the Soviet Union, it was shown how to generalize the Poincare group to include fermionic charges. However it was not until 1974 that an interacting field theory invariant under the Graded Poincare group in 3 + 1 dimensions was built (WZ model). Supersymmetric field theories turned out to have less divergent ultraviolet behavior than non-supersymmetric field theories. Gravity was generalized to include supersymmetry, to a theory called supergravity. By now many interacting local field theories exhibiting supersymmetry have been built and studied from 1 + 1 to 10 + 1 dimensions. Supersymmetric local field theories in less than 9 + 1 dimensions, can be understood as limits of multilocal (string) supersymmetric theories, in 9 + 1 dimensions. On the other hand, graded Lie algebras have been used in non-relativistic physics as approximate symmetries of Hamiltonians. The most striking such use so far helps comparing even and odd nuclei energy levels. It is believed that graded Lie algebras can be used whenever paired and unpaired fermions excitations can coexist. In this overview of a tremendously large field, I will only survey finite graded Lie algebras and their representations. For non-relativistic applications, all of GLA are potentially useful, while for relativistic applications, only these which include the Poincare group are to be considered

  15. The algebra of the general Markov model on phylogenetic trees and networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sumner, J G; Holland, B R; Jarvis, P D

    2012-04-01

    It is known that the Kimura 3ST model of sequence evolution on phylogenetic trees can be extended quite naturally to arbitrary split systems. However, this extension relies heavily on mathematical peculiarities of the associated Hadamard transformation, and providing an analogous augmentation of the general Markov model has thus far been elusive. In this paper, we rectify this shortcoming by showing how to extend the general Markov model on trees to include incompatible edges; and even further to more general network models. This is achieved by exploring the algebra of the generators of the continuous-time Markov chain together with the “splitting” operator that generates the branching process on phylogenetic trees. For simplicity, we proceed by discussing the two state case and then show that our results are easily extended to more states with little complication. Intriguingly, upon restriction of the two state general Markov model to the parameter space of the binary symmetric model, our extension is indistinguishable from the Hadamard approach only on trees; as soon as any incompatible splits are introduced the two approaches give rise to differing probability distributions with disparate structure. Through exploration of a simple example, we give an argument that our extension to more general networks has desirable properties that the previous approaches do not share. In particular, our construction allows for convergent evolution of previously divergent lineages; a property that is of significant interest for biological applications.

  16. Monomial algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Villarreal, Rafael

    2015-01-01

    The book stresses the interplay between several areas of pure and applied mathematics, emphasizing the central role of monomial algebras. It unifies the classical results of commutative algebra with central results and notions from graph theory, combinatorics, linear algebra, integer programming, and combinatorial optimization. The book introduces various methods to study monomial algebras and their presentation ideals, including Stanley-Reisner rings, subrings and blowup algebra-emphasizing square free quadratics, hypergraph clutters, and effective computational methods.

  17. Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Tabak, John

    2004-01-01

    Looking closely at algebra, its historical development, and its many useful applications, Algebra examines in detail the question of why this type of math is so important that it arose in different cultures at different times. The book also discusses the relationship between algebra and geometry, shows the progress of thought throughout the centuries, and offers biographical data on the key figures. Concise and comprehensive text accompanied by many illustrations presents the ideas and historical development of algebra, showcasing the relevance and evolution of this branch of mathematics.

  18. Color Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mulligan, Jeffrey B.

    2017-01-01

    A color algebra refers to a system for computing sums and products of colors, analogous to additive and subtractive color mixtures. The difficulty addressed here is the fact that, because of metamerism, we cannot know with certainty the spectrum that produced a particular color solely on the basis of sensory data. Knowledge of the spectrum is not required to compute additive mixture of colors, but is critical for subtractive (multiplicative) mixture. Therefore, we cannot predict with certainty the multiplicative interactions between colors based solely on sensory data. There are two potential applications of a color algebra: first, to aid modeling phenomena of human visual perception, such as color constancy and transparency; and, second, to provide better models of the interactions of lights and surfaces for computer graphics rendering.

  19. Algebra of pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammad, N.

    1982-08-01

    Algebras of pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebras are studied for the special case when in Hormander class Ssub(rho,delta)sup(m)(Ω) Ω = Rsup(n); rho = 1, delta = 0, m any real number, and the C*-algebra is infinite dimensional non-commutative. The space B, i.e. the set of A-valued C*-functions in Rsup(n) (or Rsup(n) x Rsup(n)) whose derivatives are all bounded, plays an important role. A denotes C*-algebra. First the operator class Ssub(phi,0)sup(m) is defined, and through it, the class Lsub(1,0)sup(m) of pseudo-differential operators. Then the basic asymptotic expansion theorems concerning adjoint and product of operators of class Ssub(1,0)sup(m) are stated. Finally, proofs are given of L 2 -continuity theorem and the main theorem, which states that algebra of all pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebras is itself C*-algebra

  20. Commutative algebra with a view toward algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Eisenbud, David

    1995-01-01

    Commutative Algebra is best understood with knowledge of the geometric ideas that have played a great role in its formation, in short, with a view towards algebraic geometry. The author presents a comprehensive view of commutative algebra, from basics, such as localization and primary decomposition, through dimension theory, differentials, homological methods, free resolutions and duality, emphasizing the origins of the ideas and their connections with other parts of mathematics. Many exercises illustrate and sharpen the theory and extended exercises give the reader an active part in complementing the material presented in the text. One novel feature is a chapter devoted to a quick but thorough treatment of Grobner basis theory and the constructive methods in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry that flow from it. Applications of the theory and even suggestions for computer algebra projects are included. This book will appeal to readers from beginners to advanced students of commutative algebra or algeb...

  1. The algebras of large N matrix mechanics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Halpern, M.B.; Schwartz, C.

    1999-09-16

    Extending early work, we formulate the large N matrix mechanics of general bosonic, fermionic and supersymmetric matrix models, including Matrix theory: The Hamiltonian framework of large N matrix mechanics provides a natural setting in which to study the algebras of the large N limit, including (reduced) Lie algebras, (reduced) supersymmetry algebras and free algebras. We find in particular a broad array of new free algebras which we call symmetric Cuntz algebras, interacting symmetric Cuntz algebras, symmetric Bose/Fermi/Cuntz algebras and symmetric Cuntz superalgebras, and we discuss the role of these algebras in solving the large N theory. Most important, the interacting Cuntz algebras are associated to a set of new (hidden!) local quantities which are generically conserved only at large N. A number of other new large N phenomena are also observed, including the intrinsic nonlocality of the (reduced) trace class operators of the theory and a closely related large N field identification phenomenon which is associated to another set (this time nonlocal) of new conserved quantities at large N.

  2. Discrete event systems in dioid algebra and conventional algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Declerck, Philippe

    2013-01-01

    This book concerns the use of dioid algebra as (max, +) algebra to treat the synchronization of tasks expressed by the maximum of the ends of the tasks conditioning the beginning of another task - a criterion of linear programming. A classical example is the departure time of a train which should wait for the arrival of other trains in order to allow for the changeover of passengers.The content focuses on the modeling of a class of dynamic systems usually called "discrete event systems" where the timing of the events is crucial. Events are viewed as sudden changes in a process which i

  3. Constraint Lie algebra and local physical Hamiltonian for a generic 2D dilatonic model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Corichi, Alejandro; Karami, Asieh; Rastgoo, Saeed; Vukašinac, Tatjana

    2016-01-01

    We consider a class of two-dimensional dilatonic models, and revisit them from the perspective of a new set of ‘polar type’ variables. These are motivated by recently defined variables within the spherically symmetric sector of 4D general relativity. We show that for a large class of dilatonic models, including the case with matter, one can perform a series of canonical transformations in such a way that the Poisson algebra of the constraints becomes a Lie algebra. Furthermore, we construct Dirac observables and a reduced Hamiltonian that accounts for the time evolution of the system. (paper)

  4. Applied algebra codes, ciphers and discrete algorithms

    CERN Document Server

    Hardy, Darel W; Walker, Carol L

    2009-01-01

    This book attempts to show the power of algebra in a relatively simple setting.-Mathematical Reviews, 2010… The book supports learning by doing. In each section we can find many examples which clarify the mathematics introduced in the section and each section is followed by a series of exercises of which approximately half are solved in the end of the book. Additional the book comes with a CD-ROM containing an interactive version of the book powered by the computer algebra system Scientific Notebook. … the mathematics in the book are developed as needed and the focus of the book lies clearly o

  5. Applications of inverse and algebraic scattering theories

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amos, K. [Qinghua Univ., Beijing, BJ (China). Dept. of Physics

    1997-06-01

    Inverse scattering theories, algebraic scattering theory and exactly solvable scattering potentials are diverse ways by which scattering potentials can be defined from S-functions specified by fits to fixed energy, quantal scattering data. Applications have been made in nuclear (heavy ion and nucleon-nucleus scattering), atomic and molecular (electron scattering from simple molecules) systems. Three inverse scattering approaches are considered in detail; the semiclassical WKB and fully quantal Lipperheide-Fiedeldey method, than algebraic scattering theory is applied to heavy ion scattering and finally the exactly solvable Ginocchio potentials. Some nuclear results are ambiguous but the atomic and molecular inversion potentials are in good agreement with postulated forms. 21 refs., 12 figs.

  6. Jordan algebras versus C*- algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stormer, E.

    1976-01-01

    The axiomatic formulation of quantum mechanics and the problem of whether the observables form self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, are discussed. The relation between C*- algebras and Jordan algebras is studied using spectral theory. (P.D.)

  7. Sugawara construction and the q-deformation of Virasoro (super)algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaichian, M. (Theory Div., CERN, Geneva (Switzerland)); Presnajder, P. (Dept. of Theoretical Physics, Comenius Univ., Bratislava (Czechoslovakia))

    1992-02-27

    The q-deformed Virasoro algebra is obtained using the bosonic annihilation and creation operators of the q-deformed infinite Heisenberg algebra H({infinity}){sub q}, which has the Hopf structure. The generators of the q-deformed Virasoro algebra are expressed as a Sugawara construction in terms of normal ordered binomials in these annihilation and creation operators and become double indexed as the reminiscence of a degeneracy removal. The obtained q-deformed Virasoro algebra with central extension reduces to the standard one in the non-deformed limit and in special representations (but not in general) possesses a simple (cocommutative) Hopf structure (not related to the one in H({infinity}){sub q}). The fermionic annihilation and creation operators corresponding to the q-deformed infinite Heisenberg superalgebra s-H({infinity}){sub q} necessary for a similar construction of the q-deformed Virasoro superalgebra are presented. (orig.).

  8. An algebraic stress/flux model for two-phase turbulent flow

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, R.

    1995-12-01

    An algebraic stress model (ASM) for turbulent Reynolds stress and a flux model for turbulent heat flux are proposed for two-phase bubbly and slug flows. These mathematical models are derived from the two-phase transport equations for Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux, and provide C μ , a turbulent constant which defines the level of eddy viscosity, as a function of the interfacial terms. These models also include the effect of heat transfer. When the interfacial drag terms and the interfacial momentum transfer terms are absent, the model reduces to a single-phase model used in the literature

  9. Virasoro algebra action on integrable hierarchies and Virasoro contraints in matrix models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Semikhatov, A.M.

    1991-01-01

    The action of the Virasoro algebra on integrable hierarchies of non-linear equations and on related objects ('Schroedinger' differential operators) is investigated. The method consists in pushing forward the Virasoro action to the wave function of a hierarchy, and then reconstructing its action on the dressing and Lax operators. This formulation allows one to observe a number of suggestive similarities between the structures involved in the description of the Virasoro algebra on the hierarchies and the structure of conformal field theory on the world-sheet. This includes, in particular, an 'off-shell' hierarchy version of operator products and of the Cauchy kernel. In relation to matrix models, which have been observed to be effectively described by integrable hierarchies subjected to Virasoro constraints, I propose to define general Virasoro-constrained hierarchies also in terms of dressing operators, by certain equations which carry the information of the hierarchy and the Virasoro algebra simultaneously and which suggest an interpretation as operator versions of recursion/loop equations in topological theories. These same equations provide a relation with integrable hierarchies with quantized spectral parameter introduced recently. The formulation in terms of dressing operators allows a scaling (continuum limit) of discrete (i.e. lattice) hierarchies with the Virasoro constraints into 'continuous' Virasoro-constrained hierarchies. In particular, the KP hierarchy subjected to the Virasoro constraints is recovered as a scaling limit of the Virasoro-constrained Toda hierarchy. The dressing operator method also makes is straightforward to identify the full symmetry algebra of Virasoro-constrained hierarchies, which is related to the family of W ∞ (J) algebras introduced recently. (orig./HS)

  10. Implicative Algebras

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tadesse

    In this paper we introduce the concept of implicative algebras which is an equivalent definition of lattice implication algebra of Xu (1993) and further we prove that it is a regular Autometrized. Algebra. Further we remark that the binary operation → on lattice implicative algebra can never be associative. Key words: Implicative ...

  11. New simple algebraic root locus method for design of feedback control systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cingara Aleksandar M.

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available New concept of algebraic characteristic equation decomposition method is presented to simplify the design of closed-loop systems for practical applications. The method consists of two decompositions. The first one, decomposition of the characteristic equation into two lower order equations, was performed in order to simplify the analysis and design of closed loop systems. The second is the decomposition of Laplace variable, s, into two variables, damping coefficient, ζ, and natural frequency, ω n. Those two decompositions reduce the design of any order feedback systems to setting of two complex dominant poles in the desired position. In the paper, we derived explicit equations for six cases: first, second and third order system with P and PI. We got the analytical solutions for the case of fourth and fifth order characteristic equations with the P and PI controller; one may obtain a complete analytical solution of controller gain as a function of the desired damping coefficient. The complete derivation is given for the third order equation with P and PI controller. We can extend the number of specified poles to the highest order of the characteristic equation working in a similar way, so we can specify the position of each pole. The concept is similar to the root locus but root locus is implicit, which makes it more complicated and this is simpler explicit root locus. Standard procedures, root locus and Bode diagrams or Nichol Charts, are neither algebraic nor explicit. We basically change controller parameters and observe the change of some function until we get the desired specifications. The derived method has three important advantage over the standard procedures. It is general, algebraic and explicit. Those are the best poles design results possible; it is not possible to get better controller design results.

  12. Model Checking Process Algebra of Communicating Resources for Real-time Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boudjadar, Jalil; Kim, Jin Hyun; Larsen, Kim Guldstrand

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents a new process algebra, called PACOR, for real-time systems which deals with resource constrained timed behavior as an improved version of the ACSR algebra. We define PACOR as a Process Algebra of Communicating Resources which allows to express preemptiveness, urgent ness...

  13. Open algebraic surfaces

    CERN Document Server

    Miyanishi, Masayoshi

    2000-01-01

    Open algebraic surfaces are a synonym for algebraic surfaces that are not necessarily complete. An open algebraic surface is understood as a Zariski open set of a projective algebraic surface. There is a long history of research on projective algebraic surfaces, and there exists a beautiful Enriques-Kodaira classification of such surfaces. The research accumulated by Ramanujan, Abhyankar, Moh, and Nagata and others has established a classification theory of open algebraic surfaces comparable to the Enriques-Kodaira theory. This research provides powerful methods to study the geometry and topology of open algebraic surfaces. The theory of open algebraic surfaces is applicable not only to algebraic geometry, but also to other fields, such as commutative algebra, invariant theory, and singularities. This book contains a comprehensive account of the theory of open algebraic surfaces, as well as several applications, in particular to the study of affine surfaces. Prerequisite to understanding the text is a basic b...

  14. A simple orbit-attitude coupled modelling method for large solar power satellites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Qingjun; Wang, Bo; Deng, Zichen; Ouyang, Huajiang; Wei, Yi

    2018-04-01

    A simple modelling method is proposed to study the orbit-attitude coupled dynamics of large solar power satellites based on natural coordinate formulation. The generalized coordinates are composed of Cartesian coordinates of two points and Cartesian components of two unitary vectors instead of Euler angles and angular velocities, which is the reason for its simplicity. Firstly, in order to develop natural coordinate formulation to take gravitational force and gravity gradient torque of a rigid body into account, Taylor series expansion is adopted to approximate the gravitational potential energy. The equations of motion are constructed through constrained Hamilton's equations. Then, an energy- and constraint-conserving algorithm is presented to solve the differential-algebraic equations. Finally, the proposed method is applied to simulate the orbit-attitude coupled dynamics and control of a large solar power satellite considering gravity gradient torque and solar radiation pressure. This method is also applicable to dynamic modelling of other rigid multibody aerospace systems.

  15. Hecke algebraic properties of dynamical R-matrices. Application to related quantum matrix algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khadzhiivanov, L.K.; Todorov, I.T.; Isaev, A.P.; Pyatov, P.N.; Ogievetskij, O.V.

    1998-01-01

    The quantum dynamical Yang-Baxter (or Gervais-Neveu-Felder) equation defines an R-matrix R cap (p), where p stands for a set of mutually commuting variables. A family of SL (n)-type solutions of this equation provides a new realization of the Hecke algebra. We define quantum antisymmetrizers, introduce the notion of quantum determinant and compute the inverse quantum matrix for matrix algebras of the type R cap (p) a 1 a 2 = a 1 a 2 R cap. It is pointed out that such a quantum matrix algebra arises in the operator realization of the chiral zero modes of the WZNW model

  16. An analogue of Wagner's theorem for decompositions of matrix algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanov, D N

    2004-01-01

    Wagner's celebrated theorem states that a finite affine plane whose collineation group is transitive on lines is a translation plane. The notion of an orthogonal decomposition (OD) of a classically semisimple associative algebra introduced by the author allows one to draw an analogy between finite affine planes of order n and ODs of the matrix algebra M n (C) into a sum of subalgebras conjugate to the diagonal subalgebra. These ODs are called WP-decompositions and are equivalent to the well-known ODs of simple Lie algebras of type A n-1 into a sum of Cartan subalgebras. In this paper we give a detailed and improved proof of the analogue of Wagner's theorem for WP-decompositions of the matrix algebra of odd non-square order an outline of which was earlier published in a short note in 'Russian Math. Surveys' in 1994. In addition, in the framework of the theory of ODs of associative algebras, based on the method of idempotent bases, we obtain an elementary proof of the well-known Kostrikin-Tiep theorem on irreducible ODs of Lie algebras of type A n-1 in the case where n is a prime-power.

  17. Separable algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Ford, Timothy J

    2017-01-01

    This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the theory of separable algebras over commutative rings. After a thorough introduction to the general theory, the fundamental roles played by separable algebras are explored. For example, Azumaya algebras, the henselization of local rings, and Galois theory are rigorously introduced and treated. Interwoven throughout these applications is the important notion of étale algebras. Essential connections are drawn between the theory of separable algebras and Morita theory, the theory of faithfully flat descent, cohomology, derivations, differentials, reflexive lattices, maximal orders, and class groups. The text is accessible to graduate students who have finished a first course in algebra, and it includes necessary foundational material, useful exercises, and many nontrivial examples.

  18. Analysis of DIRAC's behavior using model checking with process algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Remenska, Daniela; Templon, Jeff; Willemse, Tim; Bal, Henri; Verstoep, Kees; Fokkink, Wan; Charpentier, Philippe; Lanciotti, Elisa; Roiser, Stefan; Ciba, Krzysztof; Diaz, Ricardo Graciani

    2012-01-01

    DIRAC is the grid solution developed to support LHCb production activities as well as user data analysis. It consists of distributed services and agents delivering the workload to the grid resources. Services maintain database back-ends to store dynamic state information of entities such as jobs, queues, staging requests, etc. Agents use polling to check and possibly react to changes in the system state. Each agent's logic is relatively simple; the main complexity lies in their cooperation. Agents run concurrently, and collaborate using the databases as shared memory. The databases can be accessed directly by the agents if running locally or through a DIRAC service interface if necessary. This shared-memory model causes entities to occasionally get into inconsistent states. Tracing and fixing such problems becomes formidable due to the inherent parallelism present. We propose more rigorous methods to cope with this. Model checking is one such technique for analysis of an abstract model of a system. Unlike conventional testing, it allows full control over the parallel processes execution, and supports exhaustive state-space exploration. We used the mCRL2 language and toolset to model the behavior of two related DIRAC subsystems: the workload and storage management system. Based on process algebra, mCRL2 allows defining custom data types as well as functions over these. This makes it suitable for modeling the data manipulations made by DIRAC's agents. By visualizing the state space and replaying scenarios with the toolkit's simulator, we have detected race-conditions and deadlocks in these systems, which, in several cases, were confirmed to occur in the reality. Several properties of interest were formulated and verified with the tool. Our future direction is automating the translation from DIRAC to a formal model.

  19. Analysis of DIRAC's behavior using model checking with process algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Remenska, Daniela; Templon, Jeff; Willemse, Tim; Bal, Henri; Verstoep, Kees; Fokkink, Wan; Charpentier, Philippe; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo; Lanciotti, Elisa; Roiser, Stefan; Ciba, Krzysztof

    2012-12-01

    DIRAC is the grid solution developed to support LHCb production activities as well as user data analysis. It consists of distributed services and agents delivering the workload to the grid resources. Services maintain database back-ends to store dynamic state information of entities such as jobs, queues, staging requests, etc. Agents use polling to check and possibly react to changes in the system state. Each agent's logic is relatively simple; the main complexity lies in their cooperation. Agents run concurrently, and collaborate using the databases as shared memory. The databases can be accessed directly by the agents if running locally or through a DIRAC service interface if necessary. This shared-memory model causes entities to occasionally get into inconsistent states. Tracing and fixing such problems becomes formidable due to the inherent parallelism present. We propose more rigorous methods to cope with this. Model checking is one such technique for analysis of an abstract model of a system. Unlike conventional testing, it allows full control over the parallel processes execution, and supports exhaustive state-space exploration. We used the mCRL2 language and toolset to model the behavior of two related DIRAC subsystems: the workload and storage management system. Based on process algebra, mCRL2 allows defining custom data types as well as functions over these. This makes it suitable for modeling the data manipulations made by DIRAC's agents. By visualizing the state space and replaying scenarios with the toolkit's simulator, we have detected race-conditions and deadlocks in these systems, which, in several cases, were confirmed to occur in the reality. Several properties of interest were formulated and verified with the tool. Our future direction is automating the translation from DIRAC to a formal model.

  20. Model checking process algebra of communicating resources for real-time systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boudjadar, Jalil; Kim, Jin Hyun; Larsen, Kim Guldstrand

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents a new process algebra, called PACoR, for real-time systems which deals with resource- constrained timed behavior as an improved version of the ACSR algebra. We define PACoR as a Process Algebra of Communicating Resources which allows to explicitly express preemptiveness...

  1. Linear algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Said-Houari, Belkacem

    2017-01-01

    This self-contained, clearly written textbook on linear algebra is easily accessible for students. It begins with the simple linear equation and generalizes several notions from this equation for the system of linear equations and introduces the main ideas using matrices. It then offers a detailed chapter on determinants and introduces the main ideas with detailed proofs. The third chapter introduces the Euclidean spaces using very simple geometric ideas and discusses various major inequalities and identities. These ideas offer a solid basis for understanding general Hilbert spaces in functional analysis. The following two chapters address general vector spaces, including some rigorous proofs to all the main results, and linear transformation: areas that are ignored or are poorly explained in many textbooks. Chapter 6 introduces the idea of matrices using linear transformation, which is easier to understand than the usual theory of matrices approach. The final two chapters are more advanced, introducing t...

  2. The dual algebra of the Poincare group on Fock space

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klink, W.H.; Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA

    1989-01-01

    The Lie algebra of operators commuting with the Poincare group on the Fock space appropriate for a massive spinless particle is constructed in terms of raising and lowering operators indexed by a Lorentz invariant function. From the assumption that the phase operator is an element of this Lie algebra, it is shown that the scattering operator can be written as a unitary representation operator of the group associated with the Lie algebra. A simple choice of the phase operator shows that the Lorentz invariant function can be interpreted as a basic scattering amplitude, in the sense that all multiparticle scattering amplitudes can be written in terms of this basic scattering amplitude. (orig.)

  3. Forward error correction based on algebraic-geometric theory

    CERN Document Server

    A Alzubi, Jafar; M Chen, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    This book covers the design, construction, and implementation of algebraic-geometric codes from Hermitian curves. Matlab simulations of algebraic-geometric codes and Reed-Solomon codes compare their bit error rate using different modulation schemes over additive white Gaussian noise channel model. Simulation results of Algebraic-geometric codes bit error rate performance using quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM and 64QAM) are presented for the first time and shown to outperform Reed-Solomon codes at various code rates and channel models. The book proposes algebraic-geometric block turbo codes. It also presents simulation results that show an improved bit error rate performance at the cost of high system complexity due to using algebraic-geometric codes and Chase-Pyndiah’s algorithm simultaneously. The book proposes algebraic-geometric irregular block turbo codes (AG-IBTC) to reduce system complexity. Simulation results for AG-IBTCs are presented for the first time.

  4. Nonlinear realizations of superconformal and W algebras as embeddings of strings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellucci, S.; Gribanov, V.; Ivanov, E.; Krivonos, S.; Pashnev, A.

    1997-07-01

    The authors propose a simple method for constructing representations of (super)conformal and nonlinear W -type algebras in terms of their subalgebras and corresponding Nambu-Goldstone fields. They apply it to N = 2 and N = 1 superconformal algebras and describe in this way various embeddings of strings and superstrings for which these algebras and their subalgebras define worked-sheet symmetries. Besides reproducing the known examples, they present some new ones, in particular an embedding of the bosonic string with additional U (1) affine symmetry into N = 2 superstring. They also apply their method to the nonlinear W 3 (2) algebra and demonstrate that the linearization procedure worked out for ti some time ago gets a natural interpretation as a kind of string embedding. All these embeddings include the critical ones as particular cases

  5. Entanglement beyond tensor product structure: algebraic aspects of quantum non-separability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Derkacz, Łukasz; Gwóźdź, Marek; Jakóbczyk, Lech

    2012-01-01

    An algebraic approach to quantum non-separability is applied to the case of two qubits. It is based on the partition of the algebra of observables into independent subalgebras and the tensor product structure of the Hilbert space is not exploited. Even in this simple case, such a general formulation has some advantages. Using algebraic formalism, we can explicitly show the relativity of the notion of entanglement to the observables measured in the system and characterize separable and non-separable pure states. As a universal measure of non-separability of pure states, we propose to take the so-called total correlation. This quantity depends on the state as well as on the algebraic partition. Its numerical value is given by the norm of the corresponding correlation matrix. (paper)

  6. Mathematical Modelling in Engineering: An Alternative Way to Teach Linear Algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Domínguez-García, S.; García-Planas, M. I.; Taberna, J.

    2016-01-01

    Technological advances require that basic science courses for engineering, including Linear Algebra, emphasize the development of mathematical strengths associated with modelling and interpretation of results, which are not limited only to calculus abilities. Based on this consideration, we have proposed a project-based learning, giving a dynamic…

  7. Realization Of Algebraic Processor For XML Documents Processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Georgiev, Bozhidar; Georgieva, Adriana

    2010-01-01

    In this paper, are presented some possibilities concerning the implementation of an algebraic method for XML hierarchical data processing which makes faster the XML search mechanism. Here is offered a different point of view for creation of advanced algebraic processor (with all necessary software tools and programming modules respectively). Therefore, this nontraditional approach for fast XML navigation with the presented algebraic processor may help to build an easier user-friendly interface provided XML transformations, which can avoid the difficulties in the complicated language constructions of XSL, XSLT and XPath. This approach allows comparatively simple search of XML hierarchical data by means of the following types of functions: specification functions and so named build-in functions. The choice of programming language Java may appear strange at first, but it isn't when you consider that the applications can run on different kinds of computers. The specific search mechanism based on the linear algebra theory is faster in comparison with MSXML parsers (on the basis of the developed examples with about 30%). Actually, there exists the possibility for creating new software tools based on the linear algebra theory, which cover the whole navigation and search techniques characterizing XSLT/XPath. The proposed method is able to replace more complicated operations in other SOA components.

  8. Strong density of a class of simple operators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Somasundaram, S.; Mohammad, N.

    1991-08-01

    An algebra of simple operators has been shown to be strongly dense in the algebra of all bounded linear operators on function spaces of a compact (not necessarily abelian) group. Further, it is proved that the same result is also true for L 2 (G) if G is a locally compact (not necessarily compact) abelian group. (author). 6 refs

  9. Generalized EMV-Effect Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borzooei, R. A.; Dvurečenskij, A.; Sharafi, A. H.

    2018-04-01

    Recently in Dvurečenskij and Zahiri (2017), new algebraic structures, called EMV-algebras which generalize both MV-algebras and generalized Boolean algebras, were introduced. We present equivalent conditions for EMV-algebras. In addition, we define a partial algebraic structure, called a generalized EMV-effect algebra, which is close to generalized MV-effect algebras. Finally, we show that every generalized EMV-effect algebra is either an MV-effect algebra or can be embedded into an MV-effect algebra as a maximal ideal.

  10. Quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model, irreducible characters and Clebsch-Gordan series for the exceptional algebra E7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandez Nunez, J.; Garcia Fuertes, W.; Perelomov, A.M.

    2005-01-01

    We reexpress the quantum Calogero-Sutherland model for the Lie algebra E 7 and the particular value of the coupling constant κ=1 by using the fundamental irreducible characters of the algebra as dynamical variables. For that, we need to develop a systematic procedure to obtain all the Clebsch-Gordan series required to perform the change of variables. We describe how the resulting quantum Hamiltonian operator can be used to compute more characters and Clebsch-Gordan series for this exceptional algebra

  11. Enlarged symmetry algebras of spin chains, loop models, and S-matrices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Read, N.; Saleur, H.

    2007-01-01

    The symmetry algebras of certain families of quantum spin chains are considered in detail. The simplest examples possess m states per site (m>=2), with nearest-neighbor interactions with U(m) symmetry, under which the sites transform alternately along the chain in the fundamental m and its conjugate representation m-bar. We find that these spin chains, even with arbitrary coefficients of these interactions, have a symmetry algebra A m much larger than U(m), which implies that the energy eigenstates fall into sectors that for open chains (i.e., free boundary conditions) can be labeled by j=0,1,...,L, for the 2L-site chain such that the degeneracies of all eigenvalues in the jth sector are generically the same and increase rapidly with j. For large j, these degeneracies are much larger than those that would be expected from the U(m) symmetry alone. The enlarged symmetry algebra A m (2L) consists of operators that commute in this space of states with the Temperley-Lieb algebra that is generated by the set of nearest-neighbor interaction terms; A m (2L) is not a Yangian. There are similar results for supersymmetric chains with gl(m+n|n) symmetry of nearest-neighbor interactions, and a richer representation structure for closed chains (i.e., periodic boundary conditions). The symmetries also apply to the loop models that can be obtained from the spin chains in a spacetime or transfer matrix picture. In the loop language, the symmetries arise because the loops cannot cross. We further define tensor products of representations (for the open chains) by joining chains end to end. The fusion rules for decomposing the tensor product of representations labeled j 1 and j 2 take the same form as the Clebsch-Gordan series for SU(2). This and other structures turn the symmetry algebra A m into a ribbon Hopf algebra, and we show that this is 'Morita equivalent' to the quantum group U q (sl 2 ) for m=q+q -1 . The open-chain results are extended to the cases vertical bar m vertical

  12. Banach Synaptic Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foulis, David J.; Pulmannov, Sylvia

    2018-04-01

    Using a representation theorem of Erik Alfsen, Frederic Schultz, and Erling Størmer for special JB-algebras, we prove that a synaptic algebra is norm complete (i.e., Banach) if and only if it is isomorphic to the self-adjoint part of a Rickart C∗-algebra. Also, we give conditions on a Banach synaptic algebra that are equivalent to the condition that it is isomorphic to the self-adjoint part of an AW∗-algebra. Moreover, we study some relationships between synaptic algebras and so-called generalized Hermitian algebras.

  13. Grassmann algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, R.L.

    1983-11-01

    The Grassmann algebra is presented briefly. Exponential and logarithm of matrices functions, whose elements belong to this algebra, are studied with the help of the SCHOONSCHIP and REDUCE 2 algebraic manipulators. (Author) [pt

  14. Applied linear algebra and matrix analysis

    CERN Document Server

    Shores, Thomas S

    2018-01-01

    In its second edition, this textbook offers a fresh approach to matrix and linear algebra. Its blend of theory, computational exercises, and analytical writing projects is designed to highlight the interplay between these aspects of an application. This approach places special emphasis on linear algebra as an experimental science that provides tools for solving concrete problems. The second edition’s revised text discusses applications of linear algebra like graph theory and network modeling methods used in Google’s PageRank algorithm. Other new materials include modeling examples of diffusive processes, linear programming, image processing, digital signal processing, and Fourier analysis. These topics are woven into the core material of Gaussian elimination and other matrix operations; eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and discrete dynamical systems; and the geometrical aspects of vector spaces. Intended for a one-semester undergraduate course without a strict calculus prerequisite, Applied Linear Algebra and M...

  15. Matrix Operations for Engineers and Scientists An Essential Guide in Linear Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Jeffrey, Alan

    2010-01-01

    Engineers and scientists need to have an introduction to the basics of linear algebra in a context they understand. Computer algebra systems make the manipulation of matrices and the determination of their properties a simple matter, and in practical applications such software is often essential. However, using this tool when learning about matrices, without first gaining a proper understanding of the underlying theory, limits the ability to use matrices and to apply them to new problems. This book explains matrices in the detail required by engineering or science students, and it discusses linear systems of ordinary differential equations. These students require a straightforward introduction to linear algebra illustrated by applications to which they can relate. It caters of the needs of undergraduate engineers in all disciplines, and provides considerable detail where it is likely to be helpful. According to the author the best way to understand the theory of matrices is by working simple exercises designe...

  16. Algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Lefschetz, Solomon

    2005-01-01

    An introduction to algebraic geometry and a bridge between its analytical-topological and algebraical aspects, this text for advanced undergraduate students is particularly relevant to those more familiar with analysis than algebra. 1953 edition.

  17. Helmholtz algebraic solitons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Christian, J M; McDonald, G S [Joule Physics Laboratory, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, Materials and Physics Research Centre, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT (United Kingdom); Chamorro-Posada, P, E-mail: j.christian@salford.ac.u [Departamento de Teoria de la Senal y Comunicaciones e Ingenieria Telematica, Universidad de Valladolid, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Campus Miguel Delibes s/n, 47011 Valladolid (Spain)

    2010-02-26

    We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first exact analytical algebraic solitons of a generalized cubic-quintic Helmholtz equation. This class of governing equation plays a key role in photonics modelling, allowing a full description of the propagation and interaction of broad scalar beams. New conservation laws are presented, and the recovery of paraxial results is discussed in detail. The stability properties of the new solitons are investigated by combining semi-analytical methods and computer simulations. In particular, new general stability regimes are reported for algebraic bright solitons.

  18. Helmholtz algebraic solitons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Christian, J M; McDonald, G S; Chamorro-Posada, P

    2010-01-01

    We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first exact analytical algebraic solitons of a generalized cubic-quintic Helmholtz equation. This class of governing equation plays a key role in photonics modelling, allowing a full description of the propagation and interaction of broad scalar beams. New conservation laws are presented, and the recovery of paraxial results is discussed in detail. The stability properties of the new solitons are investigated by combining semi-analytical methods and computer simulations. In particular, new general stability regimes are reported for algebraic bright solitons.

  19. Converting nested algebra expressions into flat algebra expressions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Paredaens, J.; Van Gucht, D.

    1992-01-01

    Nested relations generalize ordinary flat relations by allowing tuple values to be either atomic or set valued. The nested algebra is a generalization of the flat relational algebra to manipulate nested relations. In this paper we study the expressive power of the nested algebra relative to its

  20. Integrability in three dimensions: Algebraic Bethe ansatz for anyonic models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sh. Khachatryan

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available We extend basic properties of two dimensional integrable models within the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz approach to 2+1 dimensions and formulate the sufficient conditions for the commutativity of transfer matrices of different spectral parameters, in analogy with Yang–Baxter or tetrahedron equations. The basic ingredient of our models is the R-matrix, which describes the scattering of a pair of particles over another pair of particles, the quark-anti-quark (meson scattering on another quark-anti-quark state. We show that the Kitaev model belongs to this class of models and its R-matrix fulfills well-defined equations for integrability.

  1. Fibered F-Algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kleyn, Aleks

    2007-01-01

    The concept of F-algebra and its representation can be extended to an arbitrary bundle. We define operations of fibered F-algebra in fiber. The paper presents the representation theory of of fibered F-algebra as well as a comparison of representation of F-algebra and of representation of fibered F-algebra.

  2. Quasi-superconformal algebras in two dimensions and hamiltonian reduction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Romans, L.J.

    1991-01-01

    In the standard quantum hamiltonian reduction, constraining the SL(3, R) WZNW model leads to a model of Zamolodchikov's W 3 -symmetry. In recent work, Polyakov and Bershadsky have considered an alternative reduction which leads to a new algebra, W 3 2 , a nonlinear extension of the Virasoro algebra by a spin-1 current and two bosonic spin-3/2 currents. Motivated by this result, we display two new infinite series of nonlinear extended conformal algebras, containing 2N bosonic spin-3/2 currents and spin-1 Kac-Moody currents for either U(N) or Sp(2 N); the W 3 2 algebra appears as the N = 1 member of the U(N) series. We discuss the relationship between these algebras and the Knizhnik-Bershadsky superconformal algebras, and provide realisations in terms of free fields coupled to Kac-Moody currents. We propose a specific procedure for obtaining the algebras for general N through hamiltonian reduction. (orig.)

  3. Construction of the K=8 fractional superconformal algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Argyres, P.C.; Grochocinski, J.M.; Tye, S.H.H.

    1993-01-01

    We construct the K=8 fractional superconformal algebras. There are two such extended Virasoro algebras, one of which was constructed earlier, involving a fractional spin (equivalently, conformal dimension) 6/5 current. The new algebra involves two additional fractional spin currents with spin 13/5. Both algebras are non-local and satisfy non-abelian braiding relations. The construction of the algebras uses the ismorphism between the Z 8 parafermion theory and the tensor product of two tricritical Ising models. For the special value of the central charge c=52/55, corresponding to the eighth member of the unitary minimal series, the 13/5 currents of the new algebra decouple, while two spin 23/5 currents (level-2 current algebra descendants of the 13/5 currents) emerge. In addition, it is shown that the K=8 algebra involving the spin 13/5 currents at central charge c=12/5 is the appropriate algebra for the construction of the K=8 (four-dimensional) fractional superstring. (orig.)

  4. Construction Example for Algebra System Using Harmony Search Algorithm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FangAn Deng

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The construction example of algebra system is to verify the existence of a complex algebra system, and it is a NP-hard problem. In this paper, to solve this kind of problems, firstly, a mathematical optimization model for construction example of algebra system is established. Secondly, an improved harmony search algorithm based on NGHS algorithm (INGHS is proposed to find as more solutions as possible for the optimization model; in the proposed INGHS algorithm, to achieve the balance between exploration power and exploitation power in the search process, a global best strategy and parameters dynamic adjustment method are present. Finally, nine construction examples of algebra system are used to evaluate the optimization model and performance of INGHS. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has strong performance for solving complex construction example problems of algebra system.

  5. Algebraic monoids, group embeddings, and algebraic combinatorics

    CERN Document Server

    Li, Zhenheng; Steinberg, Benjamin; Wang, Qiang

    2014-01-01

    This book contains a collection of fifteen articles and is dedicated to the sixtieth birthdays of Lex Renner and Mohan Putcha, the pioneers of the field of algebraic monoids.   Topics presented include:   v  structure and representation theory of reductive algebraic monoids v  monoid schemes and applications of monoids v  monoids related to Lie theory v  equivariant embeddings of algebraic groups v  constructions and properties of monoids from algebraic combinatorics v  endomorphism monoids induced from vector bundles v  Hodge–Newton decompositions of reductive monoids   A portion of these articles are designed to serve as a self-contained introduction to these topics, while the remaining contributions are research articles containing previously unpublished results, which are sure to become very influential for future work. Among these, for example, the important recent work of Michel Brion and Lex Renner showing that the algebraic semigroups are strongly π-regular.   Graduate students as well a...

  6. Applied matrix algebra in the statistical sciences

    CERN Document Server

    Basilevsky, Alexander

    2005-01-01

    This comprehensive text offers teachings relevant to both applied and theoretical branches of matrix algebra and provides a bridge between linear algebra and statistical models. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. 1983 edition.

  7. The BRST complex and the cohomology of compact lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holten, J.W. van

    1990-02-01

    The authors construct the BRST and anti-BRST operator for a compact Lie algebra which is a direct sum of abelian and simple ideals. Two different inner products are defined on the ghost space and the hermiticity propeties of the ghost and BRST operators with respect to these inner products are discussed. A decomposition theorem for ghost states is derived and the cohomology of the BRST complex is shown to reduce to the standard Lie-algebra cohomology. The authors show that the cohomology classes of the Lie algebra are given by all invariant anti-symmetric tensors and explain how thse can be obtained as zero-modes of an invariant operator in the representation space of the ghosts. Explicit examples are given. (author) 24 refs

  8. A division algebra classification of generalized supersymmetries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toppan, Francesco

    2004-10-01

    Generalized supersymmetries admitting bosonic tensor central charges are classified in accordance with their division algebra properties. Division algebra consistent constraints lead (in the complex and quaternionic cases) to the classes of hermitian and holomorphic generalized supersymmetries. Applications to the analytic continuation of the M-algebra to the Euclidean and the systematic investigation of certain classes of models in generic space-times are briefly mentioned. (author)

  9. Leavitt path algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Abrams, Gene; Siles Molina, Mercedes

    2017-01-01

    This book offers a comprehensive introduction by three of the leading experts in the field, collecting fundamental results and open problems in a single volume. Since Leavitt path algebras were first defined in 2005, interest in these algebras has grown substantially, with ring theorists as well as researchers working in graph C*-algebras, group theory and symbolic dynamics attracted to the topic. Providing a historical perspective on the subject, the authors review existing arguments, establish new results, and outline the major themes and ring-theoretic concepts, such as the ideal structure, Z-grading and the close link between Leavitt path algebras and graph C*-algebras. The book also presents key lines of current research, including the Algebraic Kirchberg Phillips Question, various additional classification questions, and connections to noncommutative algebraic geometry. Leavitt Path Algebras will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the field and related areas, such as C*-algebras and...

  10. Open-closed homotopy algebra in mathematical physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kajiura, Hiroshige; Stasheff, Jim

    2006-01-01

    In this paper we discuss various aspects of open-closed homotopy algebras (OCHAs) presented in our previous paper, inspired by Zwiebach's open-closed string field theory, but that first paper concentrated on the mathematical aspects. Here we show how an OCHA is obtained by extracting the tree part of Zwiebach's quantum open-closed string field theory. We clarify the explicit relation of an OCHA with Kontsevich's deformation quantization and with the B-models of homological mirror symmetry. An explicit form of the minimal model for an OCHA is given as well as its relation to the perturbative expansion of open-closed string field theory. We show that our open-closed homotopy algebra gives us a general scheme for deformation of open string structures (A ∞ algebras) by closed strings (L ∞ algebras)

  11. A process algebra software engineering environment

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Diertens, B.

    2008-01-01

    In previous work we described how the process algebra based language PSF can be used in software engineering, using the ToolBus, a coordination architecture also based on process algebra, as implementation model. In this article we summarize that work and describe the software development process

  12. On the representation of generalized Dirac (Clifford) algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, T.

    1981-10-01

    Some results of Brauer and Weyl and of Jordan and Wigner on irreducible representations of generalized Dirac (Clifford) algebras have been proved, adopting a new and simple approach which (i) makes the whole subject straightforward for physicists and (ii) simplifies the demonstration of the fundamental theorem of Pauli. (author)

  13. Form factors in sinh- and sine-Gordon models, deformed Virasoro algebra, Macdonald polynomials and resonance identities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lashkevich, Michael; Pugai, Yaroslav

    2013-01-01

    We continue the study of form factors of descendant operators in the sinh- and sine-Gordon models in the framework of the algebraic construction proposed in [1]. We find the algebraic construction to be related to a particular limit of the tensor product of the deformed Virasoro algebra and a suitably chosen Heisenberg algebra. To analyze the space of local operators in the framework of the form factor formalism we introduce screening operators and construct singular and cosingular vectors in the Fock spaces related to the free field realization of the obtained algebra. We show that the singular vectors are expressed in terms of the degenerate Macdonald polynomials with rectangular partitions. We study the matrix elements that contain a singular vector in one chirality and a cosingular vector in the other chirality and find them to lead to the resonance identities already known in the conformal perturbation theory. Besides, we give a new derivation of the equation of motion in the sinh-Gordon theory, and a new representation for conserved currents

  14. On the completeness of the canonical reductions from Kac-Moody to W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McGlinn, W.

    1997-01-01

    We study the question as to whether the canonical reductions of Kac-Moody (KM) algebras to W-algebras are exhaustive. We first review and consolidate previous results. In particular we show that, apart from the two lowest grades, the canonical reductions are the only ones that respect the physically reasonable requirement that the W-algebra have no negative conformal weights. We then break new ground by formulating a condition that the W-algebra be differential polynomial. We apply the condition that the W-algebra be polynomial (in a particular gauge) and primary to the groups SL(N,R) with integral SL(2,R) embeddings. We find that, subject to some reasonable technical assumptions, the canonical reductions are exhaustive (except possibly at grade one). The derivation suggests that similar results hold for the other classes of simple groups. (orig.)

  15. Algebraic definition of topological W gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hosono, S.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper, the authors propose a definition of the topological W gravity using some properties of the principal three-dimensional subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra due to Kostant. In the authors' definition, structures of the two-dimensional topological gravity are naturally embedded in the extended theories. In accordance with the definition, the authors will present some explicit calculations for the W 3 gravity

  16. Current algebra and η → 3π

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bell, J.S.; Sutherland, D.G.

    1995-01-01

    A critical review is given of developments in the theory subsequent to the demonstration that in first approximation η → 3π is forbidden. It remains difficult to understand the process with conventional ideas without reducing to an accident the success of current algebra, and a simple linear matrix element, in K → 3π. (author)

  17. Approximation of complex algebraic numbers by algebraic numbers of bounded degree

    OpenAIRE

    Bugeaud, Yann; Evertse, Jan-Hendrik

    2007-01-01

    We investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic numbers of degree at most n. We also investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic integers of degree at most n+1. It follows from our investigations that for every positive integer n there are complex algebraic numbers of degree larger than n that are better approximable by algebraic numbers of degree at most n than almost all complex numbers. As it turns out, these numbers ar...

  18. Non-linear realizations of superconformal and W-algebras as embeddings of strings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellucci, S.

    1998-01-01

    We propose a simple method for constructing representations of (super)conformal and non-linear W-type algebras in terms of their subalgebras and corresponding Nambu-Goldstone fields. We apply it to N=2 and N=1 superconformal algebras and describe in this way various embeddings of strings and superstrings for which these algebras and their subalgebras define world-sheet symmetries. Besides reproducing the known examples, we present some new ones, in particular an embedding of the bosonic string with additional U(1) affine symmetry into N=2 superstring. We also apply our method to the non-linear W 3 (2) algebra and demonstrate that the linearization procedure worked out for it some time ago gets a natural interpretation as a kind of string embedding. All these embeddings include the critical ones as particular cases. (orig.)

  19. Operadic formulation of topological vertex algebras and gerstenhaber or Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Yizhi

    1994-01-01

    We give the operadic formulation of (weak, strong) topological vertex algebras, which are variants of topological vertex operator algebras studied recently by Lian and Zuckerman. As an application, we obtain a conceptual and geometric construction of the Batalin-Vilkovisky algebraic structure (or the Gerstenhaber algebra structure) on the cohomology of a topological vertex algebra (or of a weak topological vertex algebra) by combining this operadic formulation with a theorem of Getzler (or of Cohen) which formulates Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras (or Gerstenhaber algebras) in terms of the homology of the framed little disk operad (or of the little disk operad). (orig.)

  20. Algebraic approaches to hadrons and the identification of iota(1440) with glueball

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Teshima, T.; Oneda, S.

    1984-01-01

    The identifications of iota(1440) and theta(1640) with glueballs are difficult, if one relies on the popular simple quarkonium-glueball mass matrices. However, a different conclusion has been drawn from two distinct algebraic approaches. They are both based on QCD algebras and produce almost identical results for the 0 -+ mesons. In this paper, in the framework of chiral U(4) x U(4) QCD algebras, the problems of 0 -+ meson masses, mixings, decay constants, branching ratios of J/psi→iotaγ, eta'γ, and etaγ, and the widths of the iota→rhoγ and 2γ decays are discussed. It is found that the main features of the mixing parameters obtained previously in the U(3) x U(3) scheme remain intact and the iota(1440) can again be accommodated as a glueball which appreciably mixes with the eta'. It is also pointed out that the simple quarkonium-glueball mass matrices may fail to include the important effect of flavor-symmetry breaking and therefore are not very realistic. This is demonstrated by showing that the mass matrices can be reproduced in the present algebraic approach only if one is willing to take the symmetry limit for quantities which clearly involve the effect of symmetry breaking

  1. Maiorana-McFarland class: Degree optimization and algebraic properties

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pasalic, Enes

    2006-01-01

    degree of functions in the extended Maiorana-McFarland (MM) class (nonlinear resilient functions F : GF (2)(n) -> GF (2)(m) derived from linear codes). We also show that in the Boolean case, the same subclass seems not to have an optimized algebraic immunity, hence not providing a maximum resistance......In this paper, we consider a subclass of the Maiorana-McFarland class used in the design of resilient nonlinear Boolean functions. We show that these functions allow a simple modification so that resilient Boolean functions of maximum algebraic degree may be generated instead of suboptimized degree...... in the original class. Preserving a high-nonlinearity value immanent to the original construction method, together with the degree optimization gives in many cases functions with cryptographic properties superior to all previously known construction methods. This approach is then used to increase the algebraic...

  2. Bootstrapping non-commutative gauge theories from L∞ algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blumenhagen, Ralph; Brunner, Ilka; Kupriyanov, Vladislav; Lüst, Dieter

    2018-05-01

    Non-commutative gauge theories with a non-constant NC-parameter are investigated. As a novel approach, we propose that such theories should admit an underlying L∞ algebra, that governs not only the action of the symmetries but also the dynamics of the theory. Our approach is well motivated from string theory. We recall that such field theories arise in the context of branes in WZW models and briefly comment on its appearance for integrable deformations of AdS5 sigma models. For the SU(2) WZW model, we show that the earlier proposed matrix valued gauge theory on the fuzzy 2-sphere can be bootstrapped via an L∞ algebra. We then apply this approach to the construction of non-commutative Chern-Simons and Yang-Mills theories on flat and curved backgrounds with non-constant NC-structure. More concretely, up to the second order, we demonstrate how derivative and curvature corrections to the equations of motion can be bootstrapped in an algebraic way from the L∞ algebra. The appearance of a non-trivial A∞ algebra is discussed, as well.

  3. The Moyal momentum algebra applied to θ-deformed 2d conformal models and KdV-hierarchies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boulahoual, A.; Sedra, M.B.

    2002-08-01

    The properties of the Das-Popowicz Moyal momentum algebra that we introduce in hep-th/0207242 are reexamined in detail and used to discuss some aspects of integrable models and 2d conformal field theories. Among the results presented we setup some useful convention notations which lead to extract some non trivial properties of the Moyal momentum algebra. We use the particular sub-algebra sl n -Σ-tilde n (0,n) to construct the sl 2 -Liouville conformal model δδ-barΦ=2/θe -1/θΦ and its sl 3 -Toda extension δδ-bar 1 =Ae -1/2θ(Φ 1 +1/2Φ 2 ) and δδ-barΦ 2 =Be -1/2 / θ (Φ 1 +2Φ 2 ) . We also show that the central charge, a la Feigin-Fuchs, associated to the spin-2 conformal current of the θ-Liouville model is given by c θ =(1+24θ 2 ). Moreover, the results obtained for the Das-Popowicz Mm algebra are applied to study systematically some properties of the Moyal KdV and Boussinesq hierarchies generalizing some known results. We also discuss the primarily condition of conformal w θ -currents and interpret this condition as being a dressing gauge symmetry in the Moyal momentum space. Some computations related to the dressing gauge group are explicitly presented. (author)

  4. Boundary Lax pairs from non-ultra-local Poisson algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Avan, Jean; Doikou, Anastasia

    2009-01-01

    We consider non-ultra-local linear Poisson algebras on a continuous line. Suitable combinations of representations of these algebras yield representations of novel generalized linear Poisson algebras or 'boundary' extensions. They are parametrized by a boundary scalar matrix and depend, in addition, on the choice of an antiautomorphism. The new algebras are the classical-linear counterparts of the known quadratic quantum boundary algebras. For any choice of parameters, the non-ultra-local contribution of the original Poisson algebra disappears. We also systematically construct the associated classical Lax pair. The classical boundary principal chiral model is examined as a physical example.

  5. Thin-layer approximation and algebraic model for separated turbulent flows

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baldwin, B.; Lomax, H.

    1978-01-01

    An algebraic turbulence model for two- and three-dimensional separated flows is specified that avoids the necessity for finding the edge of the boundary layer. Properties of the model are determined and comparisons made with experiment for an incident shock on a flat plate, separated flow over a compression corner, and transonic flow over an airfoil. Separation and reattachment points from numerical Navier-Stokes solutions agree with experiment within one boundary-layer thickness. Use of law-of-the-wall boundary conditions does not alter the predictions significantly. Applications of the model to other cases are contained in companion papers.

  6. Wn(2) algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feigin, B.L.; Semikhatov, A.M.

    2004-01-01

    We construct W-algebra generalizations of the sl-circumflex(2) algebra-W algebras W n (2) generated by two currents E and F with the highest pole of order n in their OPE. The n=3 term in this series is the Bershadsky-Polyakov W 3 (2) algebra. We define these algebras as a centralizer (commutant) of the Uqs-bar (n vertical bar 1) quantum supergroup and explicitly find the generators in a factored, 'Miura-like' form. Another construction of the W n (2) algebras is in terms of the coset sl-circumflex(n vertical bar 1)/sl-circumflex(n). The relation between the two constructions involves the 'duality' (k+n-1)(k'+n-1)=1 between levels k and k' of two sl-circumflex(n) algebras

  7. Drinfeld currents of dynamical elliptic algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hou Boyu; Fan Heng; Yang Wenli; Cao Junpeng

    2000-01-01

    From the generalized Yang-Baxter relations RLL=LLR*, where R and R* are the dynamical R-matrix of A n-1 (1) type face model with the elliptic module shifted by the center of the algebra, using the Ding-Frenkel correspondence, the authors obtain the Drinfeld currents of dynamical elliptic algebra

  8. Experimental Tests of the Algebraic Cluster Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gai, Moshe

    2018-02-01

    The Algebraic Cluster Model (ACM) of Bijker and Iachello that was proposed already in 2000 has been recently applied to 12C and 16O with much success. We review the current status in 12C with the outstanding observation of the ground state rotational band composed of the spin-parity states of: 0+, 2+, 3-, 4± and 5-. The observation of the 4± parity doublet is a characteristic of (tri-atomic) molecular configuration where the three alpha- particles are arranged in an equilateral triangular configuration of a symmetric spinning top. We discuss future measurement with electron scattering, 12C(e,e’) to test the predicted B(Eλ) of the ACM.

  9. On 2-Banach algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammad, N.; Siddiqui, A.H.

    1987-11-01

    The notion of a 2-Banach algebra is introduced and its structure is studied. After a short discussion of some fundamental properties of bivectors and tensor product, several classical results of Banach algebras are extended to the 2-Banach algebra case. A condition under which a 2-Banach algebra becomes a Banach algebra is obtained and the relation between algebra of bivectors and 2-normed algebra is discussed. 11 refs

  10. The Model Method: Singapore Children's Tool for Representing and Solving Algebraic Word Problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, Swee Fong; Lee, Kerry

    2009-01-01

    Solving arithmetic and algebraic word problems is a key component of the Singapore elementary mathematics curriculum. One heuristic taught, the model method, involves drawing a diagram to represent key information in the problem. We describe the model method and a three-phase theoretical framework supporting its use. We conducted 2 studies to…

  11. Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Flanders, Harley

    1975-01-01

    Algebra presents the essentials of algebra with some applications. The emphasis is on practical skills, problem solving, and computational techniques. Topics covered range from equations and inequalities to functions and graphs, polynomial and rational functions, and exponentials and logarithms. Trigonometric functions and complex numbers are also considered, together with exponentials and logarithms.Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of algebra, each topic explained, illustrated, and accompanied by an ample set of exercises. The proper use of a

  12. The Algebra Teacher's Guide to Reteaching Essential Concepts and Skills 150 Mini-Lessons for Correcting Common Mistakes

    CERN Document Server

    Muschla, Judith A; Muschla, Erin

    2011-01-01

    Easy to apply lessons for reteaching difficult algebra concepts Many students have trouble grasping algebra. In this book, bestselling authors Judith, Gary, and Erin Muschla offer help for math teachers who must instruct their students (even those who are struggling) about the complexities of algebra. In simple terms, the authors outline 150 classroom-tested lessons, focused on those concepts often most difficult to understand, in terms that are designed to help all students unravel the mysteries of algebra. Also included are reproducible worksheets that will assist teachers in reviewing and r

  13. Macdonald polynomials from Sklyanin algebras: A conceptual basis for the p-adics-quantum group connection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Freund, P.G.O.

    1992-01-01

    We establish a previously conjectured connection between p-adics and quantum groups. We find in Sklyanin's two parameter elliptic quantum algebra and its generalizations, the conceptual basis for the Macdonald polynomials, which 'interpolate' between the zonal spherical functions of related real and p-adic symmetric spaces. The elliptic quantum algebras underlie the Z n -Baxter models. We show that in the n→∞ limit, the Jost function for the scattering of first level excitations in the Z n -Baxter model coincides with the Harish-Chandra-like c-function constructed from the Macdonald polynomials associated to the root system A 1 . The partition function of the Z 2 -Baxter model itself is also expressed in terms of this Macdonald-Harish-Chandra c-function albeit in a less simple way. We relate the two parameters q and t of the Macdonald polynomials to the anisotropy and modular parameters of the Baxter model. In particular the p-acid 'regimes' in the Macdonald polynomials correspond to a discrete sequence of XXZ models. We also discuss the possibility of 'q-deforming' Euler products. (orig.)

  14. Representation theory of lattice current algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alekseev, A.Yu.; Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule, Zurich; Faddeev, L.D.; Froehlich, L.D.; Schomerus, V.; Kyoto Univ.

    1996-04-01

    Lattice current algebras were introduced as a regularization of the left-and right moving degrees of freedom in the WZNW model. They provide examples of lattice theories with a local quantum symmetry U q (G). Their representation theory is studied in detail. In particular, we construct all irreducible representations along with a lattice analogue of the fusion product for representations of the lattice current algebra. It is shown that for an arbitrary number of lattice sites, the representation categories of the lattice current algebras agree with their continuum counterparts. (orig.)

  15. Turbulence, orbit equivalence, and the classification of nuclear C-algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Farah, Ilijas; Toms, Andrew; Törnquist, Asger Dag

    2014-01-01

    Choquet simplexes. As a by-product we recover a result of Kechris and Solecki, namely, that homeomorphism of compacta in the Hilbert cube is Borel reducible to a Polish group action. These results depend intimately on the classification theory of nuclear simple C*-algebras by K-theory and traces. Both...... of necessity and in order to lay the groundwork for further study on the Borel complexity of C*-algebras, we prove that many standard C*-algebra constructions and relations are Borel, and we prove Borel versions of Kirchberg's O2-stability and embedding theorems. We also find a C*-algebraic witness for a Kσ...

  16. Methods of mathematical modeling using polynomials of algebra of sets

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kazanskiy, Alexandr; Kochetkov, Ivan

    2018-03-01

    The article deals with the construction of discrete mathematical models for solving applied problems arising from the operation of building structures. Security issues in modern high-rise buildings are extremely serious and relevant, and there is no doubt that interest in them will only increase. The territory of the building is divided into zones for which it is necessary to observe. Zones can overlap and have different priorities. Such situations can be described using formulas algebra of sets. Formulas can be programmed, which makes it possible to work with them using computer models.

  17. Equations of motion for a spectrum-generating algebra: Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosensteel, G; Rowe, D J; Ho, S Y

    2008-01-01

    For a spectrum-generating Lie algebra, a generalized equations-of-motion scheme determines numerical values of excitation energies and algebra matrix elements. In the approach to the infinite particle number limit or, more generally, whenever the dimension of the quantum state space is very large, the equations-of-motion method may achieve results that are impractical to obtain by diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. To test the method's effectiveness, we apply it to the well-known Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model to find its low-energy spectrum and associated generator matrix elements in the eigenenergy basis. When the dimension of the LMG representation space is 10 6 , computation time on a notebook computer is a few minutes. For a large particle number in the LMG model, the low-energy spectrum makes a quantum phase transition from a nondegenerate harmonic vibrator to a twofold degenerate harmonic oscillator. The equations-of-motion method computes critical exponents at the transition point

  18. Birkhoff's Theorem from a geometric perspective: A simple example

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. William Lawvere

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available ‎From Hilbert's theorem of zeroes‎, ‎and from Noether's ideal theory‎, ‎Birkhoff derived certain algebraic concepts (as explained by Tholen that have a dual significance in general toposes‎, ‎similar to their role in the original examples of algebraic geometry‎. ‎I will describe a simple example that illustrates some of the aspects of this relationship‎. The dualization from algebra to geometry in the basic Grothendieck spirit can be accomplished (without intervention of topological spaces by the following method‎, ‎known as Isbell conjugacy.

  19. Little strings, quasi-topological sigma model on loop group, and toroidal Lie algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meer Ashwinkumar

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available We study the ground states and left-excited states of the Ak−1 N=(2,0 little string theory. Via a theorem by Atiyah [1], these sectors can be captured by a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model on CP1 with target space the based loop group of SU(k. The ground states, described by L2-cohomology classes, form modules over an affine Lie algebra, while the left-excited states, described by chiral differential operators, form modules over a toroidal Lie algebra. We also apply our results to analyze the 1/2 and 1/4 BPS sectors of the M5-brane worldvolume theory.

  20. Little strings, quasi-topological sigma model on loop group, and toroidal Lie algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ashwinkumar, Meer; Cao, Jingnan; Luo, Yuan; Tan, Meng-Chwan; Zhao, Qin

    2018-03-01

    We study the ground states and left-excited states of the Ak-1 N = (2 , 0) little string theory. Via a theorem by Atiyah [1], these sectors can be captured by a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model on CP1 with target space the based loop group of SU (k). The ground states, described by L2-cohomology classes, form modules over an affine Lie algebra, while the left-excited states, described by chiral differential operators, form modules over a toroidal Lie algebra. We also apply our results to analyze the 1/2 and 1/4 BPS sectors of the M5-brane worldvolume theory.

  1. Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Boicescu, V; Georgescu, G; Rudeanu, S

    1991-01-01

    The Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras were created by Moisil as an algebraic counterpart for the many-valued logics of Lukasiewicz. The theory of LM-algebras has developed to a considerable extent both as an algebraic theory of intrinsic interest and in view of its applications to logic and switching theory.This book gives an overview of the theory, comprising both classical results and recent contributions, including those of the authors. N-valued and &THgr;-valued algebras are presented, as well as &THgr;-algebras with negation.Mathematicians interested in lattice theory or symbolic logic, and computer scientists, will find in this monograph stimulating material for further research.

  2. Identification of control targets in Boolean molecular network models via computational algebra.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murrugarra, David; Veliz-Cuba, Alan; Aguilar, Boris; Laubenbacher, Reinhard

    2016-09-23

    Many problems in biomedicine and other areas of the life sciences can be characterized as control problems, with the goal of finding strategies to change a disease or otherwise undesirable state of a biological system into another, more desirable, state through an intervention, such as a drug or other therapeutic treatment. The identification of such strategies is typically based on a mathematical model of the process to be altered through targeted control inputs. This paper focuses on processes at the molecular level that determine the state of an individual cell, involving signaling or gene regulation. The mathematical model type considered is that of Boolean networks. The potential control targets can be represented by a set of nodes and edges that can be manipulated to produce a desired effect on the system. This paper presents a method for the identification of potential intervention targets in Boolean molecular network models using algebraic techniques. The approach exploits an algebraic representation of Boolean networks to encode the control candidates in the network wiring diagram as the solutions of a system of polynomials equations, and then uses computational algebra techniques to find such controllers. The control methods in this paper are validated through the identification of combinatorial interventions in the signaling pathways of previously reported control targets in two well studied systems, a p53-mdm2 network and a blood T cell lymphocyte granular leukemia survival signaling network. Supplementary data is available online and our code in Macaulay2 and Matlab are available via http://www.ms.uky.edu/~dmu228/ControlAlg . This paper presents a novel method for the identification of intervention targets in Boolean network models. The results in this paper show that the proposed methods are useful and efficient for moderately large networks.

  3. Algebraic method for constructing singular steady solitary waves: a case study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clamond, Didier; Dutykh, Denys; Galligo, André

    2016-07-01

    This article describes the use of algebraic methods in a phase plane analysis of ordinary differential equations. The method is illustrated by the study of capillary-gravity steady surface waves propagating in shallow water. We consider the (fully nonlinear, weakly dispersive) Serre-Green-Naghdi equation with surface tension, because it provides a tractable model that, at the same time, is not too simple, so interest in the method can be emphasized. In particular, we analyse a special class of solutions, the solitary waves, which play an important role in many fields of physics. In capillary-gravity regime, there are two kinds of localized infinitely smooth travelling wave solutions-solitary waves of elevation and of depression. However, if we allow the solitary waves to have an angular point, then the `zoology' of solutions becomes much richer, and the main goal of this study is to provide a complete classification of such singular localized solutions using the methods of the effective algebraic geometry.

  4. Abstract Algebra for Algebra Teaching: Influencing School Mathematics Instruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wasserman, Nicholas H.

    2016-01-01

    This article explores the potential for aspects of abstract algebra to be influential for the teaching of school algebra (and early algebra). Using national standards for analysis, four primary areas common in school mathematics--and their progression across elementary, middle, and secondary mathematics--where teaching may be transformed by…

  5. Superconformal algebras and mock theta functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eguchi, Tohru; Hikami, Kazuhiro

    2009-01-01

    It is known that characters of BPS representations of extended superconformal algebras do not have good modular properties due to extra singular vectors coming from the BPS condition. In order to improve their modular properties we apply the method of Zwegers which has recently been developed to analyze modular properties of mock theta functions. We consider the case of the N=4 superconformal algebra at general levels and obtain the decomposition of characters of BPS representations into a sum of simple Jacobi forms and an infinite series of non-BPS representations. We apply our method to study elliptic genera of hyper-Kaehler manifolds in higher dimensions. In particular, we determine the elliptic genera in the case of complex four dimensions of the Hilbert scheme of points on K3 surfaces K [2] and complex tori A [[3

  6. Superconformal algebras and mock theta functions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eguchi, Tohru [Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Hikami, Kazuhiro [Department of Mathematics, Naruto University of Education, Tokushima 772-8502 (Japan)], E-mail: eguchi@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp, E-mail: hikami@naruto-u.ac.jp

    2009-07-31

    It is known that characters of BPS representations of extended superconformal algebras do not have good modular properties due to extra singular vectors coming from the BPS condition. In order to improve their modular properties we apply the method of Zwegers which has recently been developed to analyze modular properties of mock theta functions. We consider the case of the N=4 superconformal algebra at general levels and obtain the decomposition of characters of BPS representations into a sum of simple Jacobi forms and an infinite series of non-BPS representations. We apply our method to study elliptic genera of hyper-Kaehler manifolds in higher dimensions. In particular, we determine the elliptic genera in the case of complex four dimensions of the Hilbert scheme of points on K3 surfaces K{sup [2]} and complex tori A{sup [[3

  7. Mathematical Modelling and the Learning Trajectory: Tools to Support the Teaching of Linear Algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cárcamo Bahamonde, Andrea Dorila; Fortuny Aymemí, Josep Maria; Gómez i Urgellés, Joan Vicenç

    2017-01-01

    In this article we present a didactic proposal for teaching linear algebra based on two compatible theoretical models: emergent models and mathematical modelling. This proposal begins with a problematic situation related to the creation and use of secure passwords, which leads students toward the construction of the concepts of spanning set and…

  8. Differential calculus on quantized simple Lie groups

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jurco, B.

    1991-01-01

    Differential calculi, generalizations of Woronowicz's four-dimensional calculus on SU q (2), are introduced for quantized classical simple Lie groups in a constructive way. For this purpose, the approach of Faddeev and his collaborators to quantum groups was used. An equivalence of Woronowicz's enveloping algebra generated by the dual space to the left-invariant differential forms and the corresponding quantized universal enveloping algebra, is obtained for our differential calculi. Real forms for q ε R are also discussed. (orig.)

  9. The Boolean algebra and central Galois algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    George Szeto

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Let B be a Galois algebra with Galois group G, Jg={b∈B∣bx=g(xb   for all   x∈B} for g∈G, and BJg=Beg for a central idempotent eg. Then a relation is given between the set of elements in the Boolean algebra (Ba,≤ generated by {0,eg∣g∈G} and a set of subgroups of G, and a central Galois algebra Be with a Galois subgroup of G is characterized for an e∈Ba.

  10. Wavelets and quantum algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ludu, A.; Greiner, M.

    1995-09-01

    A non-linear associative algebra is realized in terms of translation and dilation operators, and a wavelet structure generating algebra is obtained. We show that this algebra is a q-deformation of the Fourier series generating algebra, and reduces to this for certain value of the deformation parameter. This algebra is also homeomorphic with the q-deformed su q (2) algebra and some of its extensions. Through this algebraic approach new methods for obtaining the wavelets are introduced. (author). 20 refs

  11. Hopf algebras and topological recursion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Esteves, João N

    2015-01-01

    We consider a model for topological recursion based on the Hopf algebra of planar binary trees defined by Loday and Ronco (1998 Adv. Math. 139 293–309 We show that extending this Hopf algebra by identifying pairs of nearest neighbor leaves, and thus producing graphs with loops, we obtain the full recursion formula discovered by Eynard and Orantin (2007 Commun. Number Theory Phys. 1 347–452). (paper)

  12. Novikov-Jordan algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Dzhumadil'daev, A. S.

    2002-01-01

    Algebras with identity $(a\\star b)\\star (c\\star d) -(a\\star d)\\star(c\\star b)$ $=(a,b,c)\\star d-(a,d,c)\\star b$ are studied. Novikov algebras under Jordan multiplication and Leibniz dual algebras satisfy this identity. If algebra with such identity has unit, then it is associative and commutative.

  13. Using Linear Algebra to Introduce Computer Algebra, Numerical Analysis, Data Structures and Algorithms (and To Teach Linear Algebra, Too).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonzalez-Vega, Laureano

    1999-01-01

    Using a Computer Algebra System (CAS) to help with the teaching of an elementary course in linear algebra can be one way to introduce computer algebra, numerical analysis, data structures, and algorithms. Highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to the teaching of linear algebra. (Author/MM)

  14. A novel technique to solve nonlinear higher-index Hessenberg differential-algebraic equations by Adomian decomposition method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benhammouda, Brahim

    2016-01-01

    Since 1980, the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) has been extensively used as a simple powerful tool that applies directly to solve different kinds of nonlinear equations including functional, differential, integro-differential and algebraic equations. However, for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) the ADM is applied only in four earlier works. There, the DAEs are first pre-processed by some transformations like index reductions before applying the ADM. The drawback of such transformations is that they can involve complex algorithms, can be computationally expensive and may lead to non-physical solutions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel technique that applies the ADM directly to solve a class of nonlinear higher-index Hessenberg DAEs systems efficiently. The main advantage of this technique is that; firstly it avoids complex transformations like index reductions and leads to a simple general algorithm. Secondly, it reduces the computational work by solving only linear algebraic systems with a constant coefficient matrix at each iteration, except for the first iteration where the algebraic system is nonlinear (if the DAE is nonlinear with respect to the algebraic variable). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we apply it to a nonlinear index-three Hessenberg DAEs system with nonlinear algebraic constraints. This technique is straightforward and can be programmed in Maple or Mathematica to simulate real application problems.

  15. (Quasi-)Poisson enveloping algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Yang, Yan-Hong; Yao, Yuan; Ye, Yu

    2010-01-01

    We introduce the quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra and Poisson enveloping algebra for a non-commutative Poisson algebra. We prove that for a non-commutative Poisson algebra, the category of quasi-Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra, and the category of Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its Poisson enveloping algebra.

  16. Iterated Leavitt Path Algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hazrat, R.

    2009-11-01

    Leavitt path algebras associate to directed graphs a Z-graded algebra and in their simplest form recover the Leavitt algebras L(1,k). In this note, we introduce iterated Leavitt path algebras associated to directed weighted graphs which have natural ± Z grading and in their simplest form recover the Leavitt algebras L(n,k). We also characterize Leavitt path algebras which are strongly graded. (author)

  17. Algebraic geometry and effective lagrangians

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinec, E.J.; Chicago Univ., IL

    1989-01-01

    N=2 supersymmetric Landau-Ginsburg fixed points describe nonlinear models whose target spaces are algebraic varieties in certain generalized projective spaces; the defining equation is precisely the zero set of the superpotential, considered as a condition in the projective space. The ADE classification of modular invariants arises as the classification of projective descriptions of P 1 ; in general, the hierarchy of fixed points is conjectured to be isomorphic to the classification of quasihomogeneous singularities. The condition of vanishing first Chern class is an integrality condition on the Virasoro central charge; the central charge is determined by the superpotential. The operator algebra is given by the algebra of Wick contractions of perturbations of the superpotential. (orig.)

  18. The algebra of the energy-momentum tensor and the Noether currents in classical non-linear sigma models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Forger, M.; Mannheim Univ.; Laartz, J.; Schaeper, U.

    1994-01-01

    The recently derived current algrbra of classical non-linear sigma models on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds is extended to include the energy-momentum tensor. It is found that in two dimensions the energy-momentum tensor θ μv , the Noether current j μ associated with the global symmetry of the theory and the composite field j appearing as the coefficient of the Schwinger term in the current algebra, together with the derivatives of j μ and j, generte a closed algebra. The subalgebra generated by the light-cone components of the energy-momentum tensor consists of two commuting copies of the Virasoro algebra, with central charge c=0, reflecting the classical conformal invariance of the theory, but the current algebra part and the semidirect product structure are quite different from the usual Kac-Moody/Sugawara type contruction. (orig.)

  19. Wess-Zumino-Witten model as a theory of free fields. Part 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gerasimov, A.; Marshakov, A.; Morozov, A.; Olshanetskij, M.; Shatashvili, S.

    1989-01-01

    Kac-Moody algebra representation in free field terms is considered. Bosonization of Wess-Zumino-Witten model for determination of multiloop correlators is used. Kac-Moody algebra representation and bosonization of the model are carried out for arbitrary simple group. 10 refs.; 4 figs

  20. Automatic generation of Fortran programs for algebraic simulation models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schopf, W.; Rexer, G.; Ruehle, R.

    1978-04-01

    This report documents a generator program by which econometric simulation models formulated in an application-orientated language can be transformed automatically in a Fortran program. Thus the model designer is able to build up, test and modify models without the need of a Fortran programmer. The development of a computer model is therefore simplified and shortened appreciably; in chapter 1-3 of this report all rules are presented for the application of the generator to the model design. Algebraic models including exogeneous and endogeneous time series variables, lead and lag function can be generated. In addition, to these language elements, Fortran sequences can be applied to the formulation of models in the case of complex model interrelations. Automatically the generated model is a module of the program system RSYST III and is therefore able to exchange input and output data with the central data bank of the system and in connection with the method library modules can be used to handle planning problems. (orig.) [de

  1. Algebraic topological entropy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hudetz, T.

    1989-01-01

    As a 'by-product' of the Connes-Narnhofer-Thirring theory of dynamical entropy for (originally non-Abelian) nuclear C * -algebras, the well-known variational principle for topological entropy is eqivalently reformulated in purly algebraically defined terms for (separable) Abelian C * -algebras. This 'algebraic variational principle' should not only nicely illustrate the 'feed-back' of methods developed for quantum dynamical systems to the classical theory, but it could also be proved directly by 'algebraic' methods and could thus further simplify the original proof of the variational principle (at least 'in principle'). 23 refs. (Author)

  2. Linearizing W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krivonos, S.O.; Sorin, A.S.

    1994-06-01

    We show that the Zamolodchikov's and Polyakov-Bershadsky nonlinear algebras W 3 and W (2) 3 can be embedded as subalgebras into some linear algebras with finite set of currents. Using these linear algebras we find new field realizations of W (2) 3 and W 3 which could be a starting point for constructing new versions of W-string theories. We also reveal a number of hidden relationships between W 3 and W (2) 3 . We conjecture that similar linear algebras can exist for other W-algebra as well. (author). 10 refs

  3. Algebraic structure of chiral anomalies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stora, R.

    1985-09-01

    I will describe first the algebraic aspects of chiral anomalies, exercising however due care about the topological delicacies. I will illustrate the structure and methods in the context of gauge anomalies and will eventually make contact with results obtained from index theory. I will go into two sorts of generalizations: on the one hand, generalizing the algebraic set up yields e.g. gravitational and mixed gauge anomalies, supersymmetric gauge anomalies, anomalies in supergravity theories; on the other hand most constructions applied to the cohomologies which characterize anomalies easily extend to higher cohomologies. Section II is devoted to a description of the general set up as it applies to gauge anomalies. Section III deals with a number of algebraic set ups which characterize more general types of anomalies: gravitational and mixed gauge anomalies, supersymmetric gauge anomalies, anomalies in supergravity theories. It also includes brief remarks on σ models and a reminder on the full BRST algebra of quantized gauge theories

  4. Algebra of orthofermions and equivalence of their thermodynamics to the infinite U Hubbard model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kishore, R.; Mishra, A.K.

    2006-01-01

    The equivalence of thermodynamics of independent orthofermions to the infinite U Hubbard model, shown earlier for the one-dimensional infinite lattice, has been extended to a finite system of two lattice sites. Regarding the algebra of orthofermions, the algebraic expressions for the number operator for a given spin and the spin raising (lowering) operators in the form of infinite series are rearranged in such a way that the ith term, having the form of an infinite series, of the number (spin raising (lowering)) operator represents the number (spin raising (lowering)) operator at the ith lattice site

  5. Matrix De Rham Complex and Quantum A-infinity algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barannikov, S.

    2014-04-01

    I establish the relation of the non-commutative BV-formalism with super-invariant matrix integration. In particular, the non-commutative BV-equation, defining the quantum A ∞-algebras, introduced in Barannikov (Modular operads and non-commutative Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry. IMRN, vol. 2007, rnm075. Max Planck Institute for Mathematics 2006-48, 2007), is represented via de Rham differential acting on the supermatrix spaces related with Bernstein-Leites simple associative algebras with odd trace q( N), and gl( N| N). I also show that the matrix Lagrangians from Barannikov (Noncommutative Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry and matrix integrals. Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge University, 2006) are represented by equivariantly closed differential forms.

  6. Path operator algebras in conformal quantum field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roesgen, M.

    2000-10-01

    Two different kinds of path algebras and methods from noncommutative geometry are applied to conformal field theory: Fusion rings and modular invariants of extended chiral algebras are analyzed in terms of essential paths which are a path description of intertwiners. As an example, the ADE classification of modular invariants for minimal models is reproduced. The analysis of two-step extensions is included. Path algebras based on a path space interpretation of character identities can be applied to the analysis of fusion rings as well. In particular, factorization properties of character identities and therefore of the corresponding path spaces are - by means of K-theory - related to the factorization of the fusion ring of Virasoro- and W-algebras. Examples from nonsupersymmetric as well as N=2 supersymmetric minimal models are discussed. (orig.)

  7. Quantum deformed su(mvertical stroke n) algebra and superconformal algebra on quantum superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kobayashi, Tatsuo

    1993-01-01

    We study a deformed su(mvertical stroke n) algebra on a quantum superspace. Some interesting aspects of the deformed algebra are shown. As an application of the deformed algebra we construct a deformed superconformal algebra. From the deformed su(1vertical stroke 4) algebra, we derive deformed Lorentz, translation of Minkowski space, iso(2,2) and its supersymmetric algebras as closed subalgebras with consistent automorphisms. (orig.)

  8. Linear algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Springer, T A

    1998-01-01

    "[The first] ten chapters...are an efficient, accessible, and self-contained introduction to affine algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. The author includes exercises and the book is certainly usable by graduate students as a text or for self-study...the author [has a] student-friendly style… [The following] seven chapters... would also be a good introduction to rationality issues for algebraic groups. A number of results from the literature…appear for the first time in a text." –Mathematical Reviews (Review of the Second Edition) "This book is a completely new version of the first edition. The aim of the old book was to present the theory of linear algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. Reading that book, many people entered the research field of linear algebraic groups. The present book has a wider scope. Its aim is to treat the theory of linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields. Again, the author keeps the treatment of prerequisites self-contained. The material of t...

  9. Extended conformal algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goddard, Peter

    1990-01-01

    The algebra of the group of conformal transformations in two dimensions consists of two commuting copies of the Virasoro algebra. In many mathematical and physical contexts, the representations of ν which are relevant satisfy two conditions: they are unitary and they have the ''positive energy'' property that L o is bounded below. In an irreducible unitary representation the central element c takes a fixed real value. In physical contexts, the value of c is a characteristic of a theory. If c < 1, it turns out that the conformal algebra is sufficient to ''solve'' the theory, in the sense of relating the calculation of the infinite set of physically interesting quantities to a finite subset which can be handled in principle. For c ≥ 1, this is no longer the case for the algebra alone and one needs some sort of extended conformal algebra, such as the superconformal algebra. It is these algebras that this paper aims at addressing. (author)

  10. Description of a class of superstring compactifications related to semi-simple Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markushevich, D.I.; Ol'shanetskij, M.A.; Perelomov, A.M.

    1986-01-01

    A class of vacuum configurations in the superstring theory obtained by compactification of physical dimensions from ten to four is constructed. The compactification scheme involves taking quotients of tori of semisimple Lie algebras by finite symmetry group actions. The complete list of such configurations arising from actions by a Coxeter transformation is given. Some topological invariants having physical interpretations are calculated

  11. Another Representation for the Maximal Lie Algebra of sl(n+2,ℝ in Terms of Operators

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tooba Feroze

    2009-01-01

    of the special linear group of order (n+2, over the real numbers, sl(n+2,ℝ. In this paper, we provide an alternate representation of the symmetry algebra by simple relabelling of indices. This provides one more proof of the result that the symmetry algebra of (ya″=0 is sl(n+2,ℝ.

  12. Generalized symmetry algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dragon, N.

    1979-01-01

    The possible use of trilinear algebras as symmetry algebras for para-Fermi fields is investigated. The shortcomings of the examples are argued to be a general feature of such generalized algebras. (author)

  13. Current algebra and differential geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alekseev, Anton; Strobl, Thomas

    2005-01-01

    We show that symmetries and gauge symmetries of a large class of 2-dimensional sigma models are described by a new type of a current algebra. The currents are labeled by pairs of a vector field and a 1-form on the target space of the sigma model. We compute the current-current commutator and analyse the anomaly cancellation condition, which can be interpreted geometrically in terms of Dirac structures, previously studied in the mathematical literature. Generalized complex structures correspond to decompositions of the current algebra into pairs of anomaly free subalgebras. Sigma models that we can treat with our method include both physical and topological examples, with and without Wess-Zumino type terms. (author)

  14. Karlin–McGregor-like formula in a simple time-inhomogeneous birth–death process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohkubo, Jun

    2014-01-01

    Algebraic discussions are developed to derive transition probabilities for a simple time-inhomogeneous birth–death process. Algebraic probability theory and Lie algebraic treatments make it easy to treat the time-inhomogeneous cases. As a result, an expression based on the Charlier polynomials is obtained, which can be considered as an extension of a famous Karlin–McGregor representation for a time-homogeneous birth–death process. (paper)

  15. Galilean contractions of W-algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jørgen Rasmussen

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Infinite-dimensional Galilean conformal algebras can be constructed by contracting pairs of symmetry algebras in conformal field theory, such as W-algebras. Known examples include contractions of pairs of the Virasoro algebra, its N=1 superconformal extension, or the W3 algebra. Here, we introduce a contraction prescription of the corresponding operator-product algebras, or equivalently, a prescription for contracting tensor products of vertex algebras. With this, we work out the Galilean conformal algebras arising from contractions of N=2 and N=4 superconformal algebras as well as of the W-algebras W(2,4, W(2,6, W4, and W5. The latter results provide evidence for the existence of a whole new class of W-algebras which we call Galilean W-algebras. We also apply the contraction prescription to affine Lie algebras and find that the ensuing Galilean affine algebras admit a Sugawara construction. The corresponding central charge is level-independent and given by twice the dimension of the underlying finite-dimensional Lie algebra. Finally, applications of our results to the characterisation of structure constants in W-algebras are proposed.

  16. Automorphisms of W-algebras and extended rational conformal field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Honecker, A.

    1992-11-01

    Many extended conformal algebras with one generator in addition to the Virasoro field as well as Casimir algebras have non-trivial outer automorphisms which enables one to impose 'twisted' boundary conditions on the chiral fields. We study their effect on the highest weight representations. We give formulae for the enlarged rational conformal field theories in both series of W-algebras with two generators and conjecture a general formula for the additional models in the minimal series of Casimir algebras. A third series of W-algebras with two generators which includes the spin three algebra at c = -2 also has finitely many additional fields in the twisted sector although the model itself is apparently not rational. The additional fields in the twisted sector have applications in statistical mechanics as we demonstrate for Z n -quantum spin chains with a particular type of boundary conditions. (orig.)

  17. Algebraic entropy for algebraic maps

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hone, A N W; Ragnisco, Orlando; Zullo, Federico

    2016-01-01

    We propose an extension of the concept of algebraic entropy, as introduced by Bellon and Viallet for rational maps, to algebraic maps (or correspondences) of a certain kind. The corresponding entropy is an index of the complexity of the map. The definition inherits the basic properties from the definition of entropy for rational maps. We give an example with positive entropy, as well as two examples taken from the theory of Bäcklund transformations. (letter)

  18. On hyper BCC-algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Borzooei, R. A.; Dudek, W. A.; Koohestani, N.

    2006-01-01

    We study hyper BCC-algebras which are a common generalization of BCC-algebras and hyper BCK-algebras. In particular, we investigate different types of hyper BCC-ideals and describe the relationship among them. Next, we calculate all nonisomorphic 22 hyper BCC-algebras of order 3 of which only three are not hyper BCK-algebras.

  19. Planar Algebra of the Subgroup-Subfactor

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The crucial step in this identification is an exhibition of a model for the basic construction tower, and thereafter of the standard invariant of R ⋊ H ⊂ R ⋊ G in terms of operator matrices. We also obtain an identification between the planar algebra of the fixed algebra subfactor R G ⊂ R H and the -invariant planar subalgebra ...

  20. Cluster algebras in mathematical physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Francesco, Philippe Di; Gekhtman, Michael; Kuniba, Atsuo; Yamazaki, Masahito

    2014-01-01

    identities in conformal field theory and so forth. It is remarkable that the key ingredients in such a variety of theories and models are captured and described universally in the common language of cluster algebras. This special issue provides a bird's-eye view of the known and latest results in various topics in mathematical physics where cluster algebras have played an essential role. The contributed articles are themselves an eloquent illustration of the breadth and depth of the subject of cluster algebras. We are confident that the issue will stimulate both newcomers and experts, since the applications to physics still seem to be growing

  1. XAL: An algebra for XML query optimization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Frasincar, F.; Houben, G.J.P.M.; Pau, C.D.; Zhou, Xiaofang

    2002-01-01

    This paper proposes XAL, an XML ALgebra. Its novelty is based on the simplicity of its data model and its well-defined logical operators, which makes it suitable for composability, optimizability, and semantics definition of a query language for XML data. At the heart of the algebra resides the

  2. On hyper BCC-algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. A. Borzooei

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available We study hyper BCC-algebras which are a common generalization of BCC-algebras and hyper BCK-algebras. In particular, we investigate different types of hyper BCC-ideals and describe the relationship among them. Next, we calculate all nonisomorphic 22 hyper BCC-algebras of order 3 of which only three are not hyper BCK-algebras.

  3. Algebraic theory of numbers

    CERN Document Server

    Samuel, Pierre

    2008-01-01

    Algebraic number theory introduces students not only to new algebraic notions but also to related concepts: groups, rings, fields, ideals, quotient rings and quotient fields, homomorphisms and isomorphisms, modules, and vector spaces. Author Pierre Samuel notes that students benefit from their studies of algebraic number theory by encountering many concepts fundamental to other branches of mathematics - algebraic geometry, in particular.This book assumes a knowledge of basic algebra but supplements its teachings with brief, clear explanations of integrality, algebraic extensions of fields, Gal

  4. Effective quark-diquark supersymmetry an algebraic approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Catto, S.

    1989-01-01

    Effective hadronic supersymmetries and color algebra, where extended Miyazawa U(6/21) supersymmetry between mesons and baryons are derived from QCD under some assumptions and within some approximation, also using a dynamical suppression of color-symmetric states. This shows the hadronic origin of supersymmetry as well as the underlying structure of exceptional algebras to the quark model. Supergroups, and infinite groups like Virasoro algebra, then emerge as useful descriptions of certain properties of the hadronic spectrum. Applications to exotic mesons and baryons are discussed

  5. A rigorous approach to investigating common assumptions about disease transmission: Process algebra as an emerging modelling methodology for epidemiology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCaig, Chris; Begon, Mike; Norman, Rachel; Shankland, Carron

    2011-03-01

    Changing scale, for example, the ability to move seamlessly from an individual-based model to a population-based model, is an important problem in many fields. In this paper, we introduce process algebra as a novel solution to this problem in the context of models of infectious disease spread. Process algebra allows us to describe a system in terms of the stochastic behaviour of individuals, and is a technique from computer science. We review the use of process algebra in biological systems, and the variety of quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques available. The analysis illustrated here solves the changing scale problem: from the individual behaviour we can rigorously derive equations to describe the mean behaviour of the system at the level of the population. The biological problem investigated is the transmission of infection, and how this relates to individual interactions.

  6. The BRS algebra of a free differential algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boukraa, S.

    1987-04-01

    We construct in this work, the Weil and the universal BRS algebras of theories that can have as a gauge symmetry a free differential (Sullivan) algebra, the natural extension of Lie algebras allowing the definition of p-form gauge potentials (p>1). The finite gauge transformations of these potentials are deduced from the infinitesimal ones and the group structure is shown. The geometrical meaning of these p-form gauge potentials is given by the notion of a Quillen superconnection. (author). 19 refs

  7. Genetic coding and united-hypercomplex systems in the models of algebraic biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petoukhov, Sergey V

    2017-08-01

    Structured alphabets of DNA and RNA in their matrix form of representations are connected with Walsh functions and a new type of systems of multidimensional numbers. This type generalizes systems of complex numbers and hypercomplex numbers, which serve as the basis of mathematical natural sciences and many technologies. The new systems of multi-dimensional numbers have interesting mathematical properties and are called in a general case as "systems of united-hypercomplex numbers" (or briefly "U-hypercomplex numbers"). They can be widely used in models of multi-parametrical systems in the field of algebraic biology, artificial life, devices of biological inspired artificial intelligence, etc. In particular, an application of U-hypercomplex numbers reveals hidden properties of genetic alphabets under cyclic permutations in their doublets and triplets. A special attention is devoted to the author's hypothesis about a multi-linguistic in DNA-sequences in a relation with an ensemble of U-numerical sub-alphabets. Genetic multi-linguistic is considered as an important factor to provide noise-immunity properties of the multi-channel genetic coding. Our results attest to the conformity of the algebraic properties of the U-numerical systems with phenomenological properties of the DNA-alphabets and with the complementary device of the double DNA-helix. It seems that in the modeling field of algebraic biology the genetic-informational organization of living bodies can be considered as a set of united-hypercomplex numbers in some association with the famous slogan of Pythagoras "the numbers rule the world". Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Mastering algebra retrains the visual system to perceive hierarchical structure in equations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marghetis, Tyler; Landy, David; Goldstone, Robert L

    2016-01-01

    Formal mathematics is a paragon of abstractness. It thus seems natural to assume that the mathematical expert should rely more on symbolic or conceptual processes, and less on perception and action. We argue instead that mathematical proficiency relies on perceptual systems that have been retrained to implement mathematical skills. Specifically, we investigated whether the visual system-in particular, object-based attention-is retrained so that parsing algebraic expressions and evaluating algebraic validity are accomplished by visual processing. Object-based attention occurs when the visual system organizes the world into discrete objects, which then guide the deployment of attention. One classic signature of object-based attention is better perceptual discrimination within, rather than between, visual objects. The current study reports that object-based attention occurs not only for simple shapes but also for symbolic mathematical elements within algebraic expressions-but only among individuals who have mastered the hierarchical syntax of algebra. Moreover, among these individuals, increased object-based attention within algebraic expressions is associated with a better ability to evaluate algebraic validity. These results suggest that, in mastering the rules of algebra, people retrain their visual system to represent and evaluate abstract mathematical structure. We thus argue that algebraic expertise involves the regimentation and reuse of evolutionarily ancient perceptual processes. Our findings implicate the visual system as central to learning and reasoning in mathematics, leading us to favor educational approaches to mathematics and related STEM fields that encourage students to adapt, not abandon, their use of perception.

  9. Pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen Zhiqi; Zhu Fuhai [School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)], E-mail: chenzhiqi@nankai.edu.cn, E-mail: zhufuhai@nankai.edu.cn

    2008-08-08

    Novikov algebras were introduced in connection with the Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic-type and Hamiltonian operators in formal variational calculus. Pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras denote Novikov algebras with non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear forms. In this paper, we find that there is a remarkable geometry on pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras, and give a special class of pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras.

  10. On the PR-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lebedenko, V.M.

    1978-01-01

    The PR-algebras, i.e. the Lie algebras with commutation relations of [Hsub(i),Hsub(j)]=rsub(ij)Hsub(i)(i< j) type are investigated. On the basis of former results a criterion for the membership of 2-solvable Lie algebras to the PR-algebra class is given. The conditions imposed by the criterion are formulated in the linear algebra language

  11. Introduction to W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takao, Masaru

    1989-01-01

    We review W-algebras which are generated by stress tensor and primary fields. Associativity plays an important role in determining the extended algebra and further implies the algebras to exist for special values of central charges. Explicitly constructing the algebras including primary fields of spin less than 4, we investigate the closure structure of the Jacobi identity of the extended algebras. (author)

  12. (Modular Effect Algebras are Equivalent to (Frobenius Antispecial Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dusko Pavlovic

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Effect algebras are one of the generalizations of Boolean algebras proposed in the quest for a quantum logic. Frobenius algebras are a tool of categorical quantum mechanics, used to present various families of observables in abstract, often nonstandard frameworks. Both effect algebras and Frobenius algebras capture their respective fragments of quantum mechanics by elegant and succinct axioms; and both come with their conceptual mysteries. A particularly elegant and mysterious constraint, imposed on Frobenius algebras to characterize a class of tripartite entangled states, is the antispecial law. A particularly contentious issue on the quantum logic side is the modularity law, proposed by von Neumann to mitigate the failure of distributivity of quantum logical connectives. We show that, if quantum logic and categorical quantum mechanics are formalized in the same framework, then the antispecial law of categorical quantum mechanics corresponds to the natural requirement of effect algebras that the units are each other's unique complements; and that the modularity law corresponds to the Frobenius condition. These correspondences lead to the equivalence announced in the title. Aligning the two formalisms, at the very least, sheds new light on the concepts that are more clearly displayed on one side than on the other (such as e.g. the orthogonality. Beyond that, it may also open up new approaches to deep and important problems of quantum mechanics (such as the classification of complementary observables.

  13. Complexity-aware simple modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gómez-Schiavon, Mariana; El-Samad, Hana

    2018-02-26

    Mathematical models continue to be essential for deepening our understanding of biology. On one extreme, simple or small-scale models help delineate general biological principles. However, the parsimony of detail in these models as well as their assumption of modularity and insulation make them inaccurate for describing quantitative features. On the other extreme, large-scale and detailed models can quantitatively recapitulate a phenotype of interest, but have to rely on many unknown parameters, making them often difficult to parse mechanistically and to use for extracting general principles. We discuss some examples of a new approach-complexity-aware simple modeling-that can bridge the gap between the small-scale and large-scale approaches. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Compact quantum group C*-algebras as Hopf algebras with approximate unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Do Ngoc Diep; Phung Ho Hai; Kuku, A.O.

    1999-04-01

    In this paper, we construct and study the representation theory of a Hopf C*-algebra with approximate unit, which constitutes quantum analogue of a compact group C*-algebra. The construction is done by first introducing a convolution-product on an arbitrary Hopf algebra H with integral, and then constructing the L 2 and C*-envelopes of H (with the new convolution-product) when H is a compact Hopf *-algebra. (author)

  15. Intervals in Generalized Effect Algebras and their Sub-generalized Effect Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zdenka Riečanová

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available We consider subsets G of a generalized effect algebra E with 0∈G and such that every interval [0, q]G = [0, q]E ∩ G of G (q ∈ G , q ≠ 0 is a sub-effect algebra of the effect algebra [0, q]E. We give a condition on E and G under which every such G is a sub-generalized effect algebra of E.

  16. Differential calculus on quantized simple Lie groups

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jurco, B. (Dept. of Optics, Palacky Univ., Olomouc (Czechoslovakia))

    1991-07-01

    Differential calculi, generalizations of Woronowicz's four-dimensional calculus on SU{sub q}(2), are introduced for quantized classical simple Lie groups in a constructive way. For this purpose, the approach of Faddeev and his collaborators to quantum groups was used. An equivalence of Woronowicz's enveloping algebra generated by the dual space to the left-invariant differential forms and the corresponding quantized universal enveloping algebra, is obtained for our differential calculi. Real forms for q {epsilon} R are also discussed. (orig.).

  17. Variants of bosonization in parabosonic algebra: the Hopf and super-Hopf structures in parabosonic algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanakoglou, K; Daskaloyannis, C

    2008-01-01

    Parabosonic algebra in finite or infinite degrees of freedom is considered as a Z 2 -graded associative algebra, and is shown to be a Z 2 -graded (or super) Hopf algebra. The super-Hopf algebraic structure of the parabosonic algebra is established directly without appealing to its relation to the osp(1/2n) Lie superalgebraic structure. The notion of super-Hopf algebra is equivalently described as a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category CZ 2 M. The bosonization technique for switching a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category H M (where H is a quasitriangular Hopf algebra) into an ordinary Hopf algebra is reviewed. In this paper, we prove that for the parabosonic algebra P B , beyond the application of the bosonization technique to the original super-Hopf algebra, a bosonization-like construction is also achieved using two operators, related to the parabosonic total number operator. Both techniques switch the same super-Hopf algebra P B to an ordinary Hopf algebra, thus producing two different variants of P B , with an ordinary Hopf structure

  18. Priority in Process Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cleaveland, Rance; Luettgen, Gerald; Natarajan, V.

    1999-01-01

    This paper surveys the semantic ramifications of extending traditional process algebras with notions of priority that allow for some transitions to be given precedence over others. These enriched formalisms allow one to model system features such as interrupts, prioritized choice, or real-time behavior. Approaches to priority in process algebras can be classified according to whether the induced notion of preemption on transitions is global or local and whether priorities are static or dynamic. Early work in the area concentrated on global pre-emption and static priorities and led to formalisms for modeling interrupts and aspects of real-time, such as maximal progress, in centralized computing environments. More recent research has investigated localized notions of pre-emption in which the distribution of systems is taken into account, as well as dynamic priority approaches, i.e., those where priority values may change as systems evolve. The latter allows one to model behavioral phenomena such as scheduling algorithms and also enables the efficient encoding of real-time semantics. Technically, this paper studies the different models of priorities by presenting extensions of Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) with static and dynamic priority as well as with notions of global and local pre- emption. In each case the operational semantics of CCS is modified appropriately, behavioral theories based on strong and weak bisimulation are given, and related approaches for different process-algebraic settings are discussed.

  19. The C*-algebra of a vector bundle and fields of Cuntz algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Vasselli, Ezio

    2004-01-01

    We study the Pimsner algebra associated with the module of continuous sections of a Hilbert bundle, and prove that it is a continuous bundle of Cuntz algebras. We discuss the role of such Pimsner algebras w.r.t. the notion of inner endomorphism. Furthermore, we study bundles of Cuntz algebras carrying a global circle action, and assign to them a class in the representable KK-group of the zero-grade bundle. We compute such class for the Pimsner algebra of a vector bundle.

  20. Bicovariant quantum algebras and quantum Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schupp, P.; Watts, P.; Zumino, B.

    1993-01-01

    A bicovariant calculus of differential operators on a quantum group is constructed in a natural way, using invariant maps from Fun(G q ) to U q g, given by elements of the pure braid group. These operators - the 'reflection matrix' Y= triple bond L + SL - being a special case - generate algebras that linearly close under adjoint actions, i.e. they form generalized Lie algebras. We establish the connection between the Hopf algebra formulation of the calculus and a formulation in compact matrix form which is quite powerful for actual computations and as applications we find the quantum determinant and an orthogonality relation for Y in SO q (N). (orig.)

  1. Simple Tidal Prism Models Revisited

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luketina, D.

    1998-01-01

    Simple tidal prism models for well-mixed estuaries have been in use for some time and are discussed in most text books on estuaries. The appeal of this model is its simplicity. However, there are several flaws in the logic behind the model. These flaws are pointed out and a more theoretically correct simple tidal prism model is derived. In doing so, it is made clear which effects can, in theory, be neglected and which can not.

  2. Shape Optimization for Navier-Stokes Equations with Algebraic Turbulence Model: Existence Analysis

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bulíček, M.; Haslinger, J.; Málek, J.; Stebel, Jan

    2009-01-01

    Roč. 60, č. 2 (2009), s. 185-212 ISSN 0095-4616 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LC06052 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : optimal shape design * paper machine headbox * incompressible non-Newtonian fluid * algebraic turbulence model * outflow boundary condition Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.757, year: 2009

  3. On Split Lie Algebras with Symmetric Root Systems

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    ... and any I j a well described ideal of , satisfying [ I j , I k ] = 0 if j ≠ k . Under certain conditions, the simplicity of is characterized and it is shown that is the direct sum of the family of its minimal ideals, each one being a simple split Lie algebra with a symmetric root system and having all its nonzero roots connected.

  4. On split Lie algebras with symmetric root systems

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    ideal of L, satisfying [Ij ,Ik] = 0 if j = k. Under certain conditions, the simplicity of L is characterized and it is shown that L is the direct sum of the family of its minimal ideals, each one being a simple split Lie algebra with a symmetric root system and having all its nonzero roots connected. Keywords. Infinite dimensional Lie ...

  5. On the completeness of the set of classical W-algebras obtained from DS reductions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feher, L.; Ruelle, P.; Tsutsui, I.

    1993-04-01

    We clarify the notions of the DS-generalized Drinfeld-Sokolov-reduction approach to classical W-algebras and collect evidence supporting the conjecture that the canonical W-algebras (called W S G -algebras), defined by the highest weights of the sl(2) embeddings S contains or equal to G into the simple Lie algebras, essentially exhaust the set of W-algebras that may be obtained by reducing the affine Kac-Moody (KM) Poisson bracket algebras in this approach. We first prove that an sl(2) embedding S contains or equal to G can be associated to every DS reduction and then derive restrictions on the possible cases belonging to the same sl(2) embedding. We find examples of noncanonical DS reductions, but in all those examples the resultant noncanonical W-algebra decouples into the direct product of the corresponding W S G -algebra and a system of 'free fields' with conformal weights Δ element of {0, 1/2, 1}. We also show that if the conformal weights of the generators of a W-algebra obtained from DS reduction are nonnegative Δ ≥ 0 (which is the case for all DS reductions known to date), then the Δ ≥ 3/2 subsectors of the weights are necessarily the same as in the corresponding W S G -algebra. The paper is concluded by a list of open problems concerning DS reductions and more general Hamiltonian KM reductions. (orig.)

  6. A Lie algebraic condition for exponential stability of discrete hybrid systems and application to hybrid synchronization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Shouwei

    2011-06-01

    A Lie algebraic condition for global exponential stability of linear discrete switched impulsive systems is presented in this paper. By considering a Lie algebra generated by all subsystem matrices and impulsive matrices, when not all of these matrices are Schur stable, we derive new criteria for global exponential stability of linear discrete switched impulsive systems. Moreover, simple sufficient conditions in terms of Lie algebra are established for the synchronization of nonlinear discrete systems using a hybrid switching and impulsive control. As an application, discrete chaotic system's synchronization is investigated by the proposed method.

  7. Combinatorial commutative algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Miller, Ezra

    2005-01-01

    Offers an introduction to combinatorial commutative algebra, focusing on combinatorial techniques for multigraded polynomial rings, semigroup algebras, and determined rings. The chapters in this work cover topics ranging from homological invariants of monomial ideals and their polyhedral resolutions, to tools for studying algebraic varieties.

  8. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for U(1) invariant integrable models: Compact and non-compact applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martins, M.J.; Melo, C.S.

    2009-01-01

    We apply the algebraic Bethe ansatz developed in our previous paper [C.S. Melo, M.J. Martins, Nucl. Phys. B 806 (2009) 567] to three different families of U(1) integrable vertex models with arbitrary N bond states. These statistical mechanics systems are based on the higher spin representations of the quantum group U q [SU(2)] for both generic and non-generic values of q as well as on the non-compact discrete representation of the SL(2,R) algebra. We present for all these models the explicit expressions for both the on-shell and the off-shell properties associated to the respective transfer matrices eigenvalue problems. The amplitudes governing the vectors not parallel to the Bethe states are shown to factorize in terms of elementary building blocks functions. The results for the non-compact SL(2,R) model are argued to be derived from those obtained for the compact systems by taking suitable N→∞ limits. This permits us to study the properties of the non-compact SL(2,R) model starting from systems with finite degrees of freedom.

  9. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for U(1) invariant integrable models: Compact and non-compact applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, M. J.; Melo, C. S.

    2009-10-01

    We apply the algebraic Bethe ansatz developed in our previous paper [C.S. Melo, M.J. Martins, Nucl. Phys. B 806 (2009) 567] to three different families of U(1) integrable vertex models with arbitrary N bond states. These statistical mechanics systems are based on the higher spin representations of the quantum group U[SU(2)] for both generic and non-generic values of q as well as on the non-compact discrete representation of the SL(2,R) algebra. We present for all these models the explicit expressions for both the on-shell and the off-shell properties associated to the respective transfer matrices eigenvalue problems. The amplitudes governing the vectors not parallel to the Bethe states are shown to factorize in terms of elementary building blocks functions. The results for the non-compact SL(2,R) model are argued to be derived from those obtained for the compact systems by taking suitable N→∞ limits. This permits us to study the properties of the non-compact SL(2,R) model starting from systems with finite degrees of freedom.

  10. Topological أ-algebras with Cأ-enveloping algebras II

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    necessarily complete) pro-Cأ-topology which coincides with the relative uniform .... problems in Cأ-algebras, Phillips introduced more general weakly Cأ- .... Banach أ-algebra obtained by completing A=Np in the norm jjxpjjp ¼ pًxق where.

  11. C*-algebras by example

    CERN Document Server

    Davidson, Kenneth R

    1996-01-01

    The subject of C*-algebras received a dramatic revitalization in the 1970s by the introduction of topological methods through the work of Brown, Douglas, and Fillmore on extensions of C*-algebras and Elliott's use of K-theory to provide a useful classification of AF algebras. These results were the beginning of a marvelous new set of tools for analyzing concrete C*-algebras. This book is an introductory graduate level text which presents the basics of the subject through a detailed analysis of several important classes of C*-algebras. The development of operator algebras in the last twenty yea

  12. Quantum walks, deformed relativity and Hopf algebra symmetries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bisio, Alessandro; D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro; Perinotti, Paolo

    2016-05-28

    We show how the Weyl quantum walk derived from principles in D'Ariano & Perinotti (D'Ariano & Perinotti 2014Phys. Rev. A90, 062106. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.062106)), enjoying a nonlinear Lorentz symmetry of dynamics, allows one to introduce Hopf algebras for position and momentum of the emerging particle. We focus on two special models of Hopf algebras-the usual Poincaré and theκ-Poincaré algebras. © 2016 The Author(s).

  13. Simple and reliable procedure for the evaluation of short-term dynamic processes in power systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Popovic, D P

    1986-10-01

    An efficient approach is presented to the solution of the short-term dynamics model in power systems. It consists of an adequate algebraic treatment of the original system of nonlinear differential equations, using linearization, decomposition and Cauchy's formula. The simple difference equations obtained in this way are incorporated into a model of the electrical network, which is of a low order compared to the ones usually used. Newton's method is applied to the model formed in this way, which leads to a simple and reliable iterative procedure. The characteristics of the procedure developed are demonstrated on examples of transient stability analysis of real power systems. 12 refs.

  14. An algebraic model for quark mass matrices with heavy top

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krolikowski, W.; Warsaw Univ.

    1991-01-01

    In terms of an intergeneration U(3) algebra, a numerical model is constructed for quark mass matrices, predicting the top-quark mass around 170 GeV and the CP-violating phase around 75 deg. The CKM matrix is nonsymmetric in moduli with |V ub | being very small. All moduli are consistent with their experimental limits. The model is motivated by the author's previous work on three replicas of the Dirac particle, presumably resulting into three generations of leptons and quarks. The paper may be also viewed as an introduction to a new method of intrinsic dynamical description of lepton and quark mass matrices. (author)

  15. Non-asymptotic fractional order differentiators via an algebraic parametric method

    KAUST Repository

    Liu, Dayan; Gibaru, O.; Perruquetti, Wilfrid

    2012-01-01

    Recently, Mboup, Join and Fliess [27], [28] introduced non-asymptotic integer order differentiators by using an algebraic parametric estimation method [7], [8]. In this paper, in order to obtain non-asymptotic fractional order differentiators we apply this algebraic parametric method to truncated expansions of fractional Taylor series based on the Jumarie's modified Riemann-Liouville derivative [14]. Exact and simple formulae for these differentiators are given where a sliding integration window of a noisy signal involving Jacobi polynomials is used without complex mathematical deduction. The efficiency and the stability with respect to corrupting noises of the proposed fractional order differentiators are shown in numerical simulations. © 2012 IEEE.

  16. Non-asymptotic fractional order differentiators via an algebraic parametric method

    KAUST Repository

    Liu, Dayan

    2012-08-01

    Recently, Mboup, Join and Fliess [27], [28] introduced non-asymptotic integer order differentiators by using an algebraic parametric estimation method [7], [8]. In this paper, in order to obtain non-asymptotic fractional order differentiators we apply this algebraic parametric method to truncated expansions of fractional Taylor series based on the Jumarie\\'s modified Riemann-Liouville derivative [14]. Exact and simple formulae for these differentiators are given where a sliding integration window of a noisy signal involving Jacobi polynomials is used without complex mathematical deduction. The efficiency and the stability with respect to corrupting noises of the proposed fractional order differentiators are shown in numerical simulations. © 2012 IEEE.

  17. Algebraic conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchs, J.; Nationaal Inst. voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energiefysica

    1991-11-01

    Many conformal field theory features are special versions of structures which are present in arbitrary 2-dimensional quantum field theories. So it makes sense to describe 2-dimensional conformal field theories in context of algebraic theory of superselection sectors. While most of the results of the algebraic theory are rather abstract, conformal field theories offer the possibility to work out many formulae explicitly. In particular, one can construct the full algebra A-bar of global observables and the endomorphisms of A-bar which represent the superselection sectors. Some explicit results are presented for the level 1 so(N) WZW theories; the algebra A-bar is found to be the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra L-bar which is an extension of the chiral symmetry algebra of the WZW theory. (author). 21 refs., 6 figs

  18. Boolean algebra essentials

    CERN Document Server

    Solomon, Alan D

    2012-01-01

    REA's Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Boolean Algebra includes set theory, sentential calculus, fundamental ideas of Boolean algebras, lattices, rings and Boolean algebras, the structure of a Boolean algebra, and Boolean

  19. q-deformed Poincare algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogievetsky, O.; Schmidke, W.B.; Wess, J.; Muenchen Univ.; Zumino, B.; Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA

    1992-01-01

    The q-differential calculus for the q-Minkowski space is developed. The algebra of the q-derivatives with the q-Lorentz generators is found giving the q-deformation of the Poincare algebra. The reality structure of the q-Poincare algebra is given. The reality structure of the q-differentials is also found. The real Laplaacian is constructed. Finally the comultiplication, counit and antipode for the q-Poincare algebra are obtained making it a Hopf algebra. (orig.)

  20. Generalizing the bms3 and 2D-conformal algebras by expanding the Virasoro algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caroca, Ricardo; Concha, Patrick; Rodríguez, Evelyn; Salgado-Rebolledo, Patricio

    2018-03-01

    By means of the Lie algebra expansion method, the centrally extended conformal algebra in two dimensions and the bms3 algebra are obtained from the Virasoro algebra. We extend this result to construct new families of expanded Virasoro algebras that turn out to be infinite-dimensional lifts of the so-called Bk, Ck and Dk algebras recently introduced in the literature in the context of (super)gravity. We also show how some of these new infinite-dimensional symmetries can be obtained from expanded Kač-Moody algebras using modified Sugawara constructions. Applications in the context of three-dimensional gravity are briefly discussed.

  1. The free Bose gas with flowing condensate in algebraic quantum field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hein, S.

    1979-01-01

    After the definition of the Weyl-algebra as a universal C* algebra of the canonical commutation relations the author classifies the equilibrium states of the free dynamics of a Bose gas in a representation independent way starting from the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger boundary conditions. The role of the Laplace equation is studied in this connection. It is shown that states with a two-point function can be described by simple natural hydrodynamics using a precise definition of the term vortex. The transition to these states is considered regarding the thermodynamic limit. (HSI)

  2. Quiver W-algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kimura, Taro; Pestun, Vasily

    2018-06-01

    For a quiver with weighted arrows, we define gauge-theory K-theoretic W-algebra generalizing the definition of Shiraishi et al. and Frenkel and Reshetikhin. In particular, we show that the qq-character construction of gauge theory presented by Nekrasov is isomorphic to the definition of the W-algebra in the operator formalism as a commutant of screening charges in the free field representation. Besides, we allow arbitrary quiver and expect interesting applications to representation theory of generalized Borcherds-Kac-Moody Lie algebras, their quantum affinizations and associated W-algebras.

  3. Max plus at work modeling and analysis of synchronized systems a course on max-plus algebra and its applications

    CERN Document Server

    Heidergott, Bernd; van der Woude, Jacob

    2014-01-01

    Trains pull into a railroad station and must wait for each other before leaving again in order to let passengers change trains. How do mathematicians then calculate a railroad timetable that accurately reflects their comings and goings? One approach is to use max-plus algebra, a framework used to model Discrete Event Systems, which are well suited to describe the ordering and timing of events. This is the first textbook on max-plus algebra, providing a concise and self-contained introduction to the topic. Applications of max-plus algebra abound in the world around us. Traffic systems, compu

  4. Applications of an anti-symmetry loop algebra and its expanding forms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yufeng; Yan Qingyou

    2004-01-01

    Constructing an anti-symmetry subalgebra A-tilde 2 of loop algebra A-tilde 2 gives the well-known Jaulent-Miodek (JM) hierarchy, the JM equation and its new Lax pair. Further, the Darboux transformation of the JM equation is deduced by anstaz method. By making use of a high-order loop algebra and Tu scheme, an expanding integrable model of the JM hierarchy is obtained. A direct expansion A-macron 2 * of loop algebra A-tilde 2 by considering the definition of Lie algebra is presented, which is used to establish two isospectral problems. It follows that corresponding two new integrable systems are engendered, which possess bi-Hamiltonian structures, respectively. Furthermore, a scalar transformation is applied to turn the loop algebra A-bar 2 * into its equivalent subalgebra A-tilde 1 of loop algebra A-tilde 1 . With the help of A-tilde 1 , another new high-order loop algebra G-bar is constructed, which is used to obtain an expanding integrable model of one of two integrable systems presented

  5. A simple model of big-crunch/big-bang transition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Malkiewicz, Przemyslaw; Piechocki, Wlodzimierz [Department of Theoretical Physics, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw (Poland)

    2006-05-07

    We present classical and quantum dynamics of a test particle in the compactified Milne space. Background spacetime includes one compact space dimension undergoing contraction to a point followed by expansion. Quantization consists in finding a self-adjoint representation of the algebra of particle observables. Our model offers some insight into the nature of the cosmic singularity.

  6. Linear-algebraic bath transformation for simulating complex open quantum systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huh, Joonsuk; Mostame, Sarah; Fujita, Takatoshi; Aspuru-Guzik, Alán; Yung, Man-Hong

    2014-01-01

    In studying open quantum systems, the environment is often approximated as a collection of non-interacting harmonic oscillators, a configuration also known as the star-bath model. It is also well known that the star-bath can be transformed into a nearest-neighbor interacting chain of oscillators. The chain-bath model has been widely used in renormalization group approaches. The transformation can be obtained by recursion relations or orthogonal polynomials. Based on a simple linear algebraic approach, we propose a bath partition strategy to reduce the system-bath coupling strength. As a result, the non-interacting star-bath is transformed into a set of weakly coupled multiple parallel chains. The transformed bath model allows complex problems to be practically implemented on quantum simulators, and it can also be employed in various numerical simulations of open quantum dynamics. (paper)

  7. Symmetric linear systems - An application of algebraic systems theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hazewinkel, M.; Martin, C.

    1983-01-01

    Dynamical systems which contain several identical subsystems occur in a variety of applications ranging from command and control systems and discretization of partial differential equations, to the stability augmentation of pairs of helicopters lifting a large mass. Linear models for such systems display certain obvious symmetries. In this paper, we discuss how these symmetries can be incorporated into a mathematical model that utilizes the modern theory of algebraic systems. Such systems are inherently related to the representation theory of algebras over fields. We will show that any control scheme which respects the dynamical structure either implicitly or explicitly uses the underlying algebra.

  8. Abstract algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Garrett, Paul B

    2007-01-01

    Designed for an advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level course, Abstract Algebra provides an example-oriented, less heavily symbolic approach to abstract algebra. The text emphasizes specifics such as basic number theory, polynomials, finite fields, as well as linear and multilinear algebra. This classroom-tested, how-to manual takes a more narrative approach than the stiff formalism of many other textbooks, presenting coherent storylines to convey crucial ideas in a student-friendly, accessible manner. An unusual feature of the text is the systematic characterization of objects by universal

  9. College algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Kolman, Bernard

    1985-01-01

    College Algebra, Second Edition is a comprehensive presentation of the fundamental concepts and techniques of algebra. The book incorporates some improvements from the previous edition to provide a better learning experience. It provides sufficient materials for use in the study of college algebra. It contains chapters that are devoted to various mathematical concepts, such as the real number system, the theory of polynomial equations, exponential and logarithmic functions, and the geometric definition of each conic section. Progress checks, warnings, and features are inserted. Every chapter c

  10. A Cohomological Perspective on Algebraic Quantum Field Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawkins, Eli

    2018-05-01

    Algebraic quantum field theory is considered from the perspective of the Hochschild cohomology bicomplex. This is a framework for studying deformations and symmetries. Deformation is a possible approach to the fundamental challenge of constructing interacting QFT models. Symmetry is the primary tool for understanding the structure and properties of a QFT model. This perspective leads to a generalization of the algebraic quantum field theory framework, as well as a more general definition of symmetry. This means that some models may have symmetries that were not previously recognized or exploited. To first order, a deformation of a QFT model is described by a Hochschild cohomology class. A deformation could, for example, correspond to adding an interaction term to a Lagrangian. The cohomology class for such an interaction is computed here. However, the result is more general and does not require the undeformed model to be constructed from a Lagrangian. This computation leads to a more concrete version of the construction of perturbative algebraic quantum field theory.

  11. A Cohomological Perspective on Algebraic Quantum Field Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawkins, Eli

    2018-02-01

    Algebraic quantum field theory is considered from the perspective of the Hochschild cohomology bicomplex. This is a framework for studying deformations and symmetries. Deformation is a possible approach to the fundamental challenge of constructing interacting QFT models. Symmetry is the primary tool for understanding the structure and properties of a QFT model. This perspective leads to a generalization of the algebraic quantum field theory framework, as well as a more general definition of symmetry. This means that some models may have symmetries that were not previously recognized or exploited. To first order, a deformation of a QFT model is described by a Hochschild cohomology class. A deformation could, for example, correspond to adding an interaction term to a Lagrangian. The cohomology class for such an interaction is computed here. However, the result is more general and does not require the undeformed model to be constructed from a Lagrangian. This computation leads to a more concrete version of the construction of perturbative algebraic quantum field theory.

  12. Twisted classical Poincare algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lukierski, J.; Ruegg, H.; Tolstoy, V.N.; Nowicki, A.

    1993-11-01

    We consider the twisting of Hopf structure for classical enveloping algebra U(g), where g is the inhomogeneous rotations algebra, with explicite formulae given for D=4 Poincare algebra (g=P 4 ). The comultiplications of twisted U F (P 4 ) are obtained by conjugating primitive classical coproducts by F element of U(c)xU(c), where c denotes any Abelian subalgebra of P 4 , and the universal R-matrices for U F (P 4 ) are triangular. As an example we show that the quantum deformation of Poincare algebra recently proposed by Chaichian and Demiczev is a twisted classical Poincare algebra. The interpretation of twisted Poincare algebra as describing relativistic symmetries with clustered 2-particle states is proposed. (orig.)

  13. An algebraic interpretation of PSP composition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaucher, G

    1998-01-01

    The introduction of time in artificial neurons is a delicate problem on which many groups are working. Our approach combines some properties of biological models and the algebraic properties of McCulloch and Pitts artificial neuron (AN) (McCulloch and Pitts, 1943) to produce a new model which links both characteristics. In this extended artificial neuron, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) are considered as numerical elements, having two degrees of freedom, on which the neuron computes operations. Modelled in this manner, a group of neurons can be seen as a computer with an asynchronous architecture. To formalize the functioning of this computer, we propose an algebra of impulses. This approach might also be interesting in the modelling of the passive electrical properties in some biological neurons.

  14. Modeling Software Evolution using Algebraic Graph Rewriting

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ciraci, Selim; van den Broek, Pim

    We show how evolution requests can be formalized using algebraic graph rewriting. In particular, we present a way to convert the UML class diagrams to colored graphs. Since changes in software may effect the relation between the methods of classes, our colored graph representation also employs the

  15. Representations of quantum bicrossproduct algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arratia, Oscar; Olmo, Mariano A del

    2002-01-01

    We present a method to construct induced representations of quantum algebras which have a bicrossproduct structure. We apply this procedure to some quantum kinematical algebras in (1+1) dimensions with this kind of structure: null-plane quantum Poincare algebra, non-standard quantum Galilei algebra and quantum κ-Galilei algebra

  16. ANALYZING ALGEBRAIC THINKING USING “GUESS MY NUMBER” PROBLEMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estella De Los Santos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to assess student knowledge of numeric, visual and algebraic representations. A definite gap between arithmetic and algebra has been documented in the research. The researchers’ goal was to identify a link between the two. Using four “Guess My Number problems, seventh and tenth grade students were asked to write numeric, visual, and algebraic representations. Seventh-grade students had significantly higher scores than tenth-grade students on visual representation responses. There were no significant differences between the seventh and tenth grade students’ responses on the numeric and algebraic representation. The researchers believed that the semi-concrete and visual models, such as used in this study, may provide the link between numeric and algebraic concepts for many students.

  17. The principle of the indistinguishability of identical particles and the Lie algebraic approach to the field quantisation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Govorkov, A.B.

    1980-01-01

    The density matrix, rather than the wavefunction describing the system of a fixed number of non-relativistic identical particles, is subject to the second quantisation. Here the bilinear operators which move a particle from a given state to another appear and satisfy the Lie algebraic relations of the unitary group SU(rho) when the dimension rho→infinity. The drawing into consideration of the system with a variable number of particles implies the extension of this algebra into one of the simple Lie algebras of classical (orthogonal, symplectic or unitary) groups in the even-dimensional spaces. These Lie algebras correspond to the para-Fermi-, para-Bose- and para-uniquantisation of fields, respectively. (author)

  18. Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Dickenstein, Alicia; Sommese, Andrew J

    2008-01-01

    In the last decade, there has been a burgeoning of activity in the design and implementation of algorithms for algebraic geometric computation. Some of these algorithms were originally designed for abstract algebraic geometry, but now are of interest for use in applications and some of these algorithms were originally designed for applications, but now are of interest for use in abstract algebraic geometry. The workshop on Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry that was held in the framework of the IMA Annual Program Year in Applications of Algebraic Geometry by the Institute for Mathematics and Its

  19. Computer algebra and operators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fateman, Richard; Grossman, Robert

    1989-01-01

    The symbolic computation of operator expansions is discussed. Some of the capabilities that prove useful when performing computer algebra computations involving operators are considered. These capabilities may be broadly divided into three areas: the algebraic manipulation of expressions from the algebra generated by operators; the algebraic manipulation of the actions of the operators upon other mathematical objects; and the development of appropriate normal forms and simplification algorithms for operators and their actions. Brief descriptions are given of the computer algebra computations that arise when working with various operators and their actions.

  20. Abstract Algebra to Secondary School Algebra: Building Bridges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Christy, Donna; Sparks, Rebecca

    2015-01-01

    The authors have experience with secondary mathematics teacher candidates struggling to make connections between the theoretical abstract algebra course they take as college students and the algebra they will be teaching in secondary schools. As a mathematician and a mathematics educator, the authors collaborated to create and implement a…

  1. Infinite dimension algebra and conformal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragoucy-Aubezon, E.

    1991-04-01

    A generalisation of Kac-Moody algebras (current algebras defined on a circle) to algebras defined on a compact supermanifold of any dimension and with any number of supersymmetries is presented. For such a purpose, we compute all the central extensions of loop algebras defined on this supermanifold, i.e. all the cohomology classes of these loop algebras. Then, we try to extend the relation (i.e. semi-direct sum) that exists between the two dimensional conformal algebras (called Virasoro algebra) and the usual Kac-Moody algebras, by considering the derivation algebra of our extended Kac-Moody algebras. The case of superconformal algebras (used in superstrings theories) is treated, as well as the cases of area-preserving diffeomorphisms (used in membranes theories), and Krichever-Novikov algebras (used for interacting strings). Finally, we present some generalizations of the Sugawara construction to the cases of extended Kac-Moody algebras, and Kac-Moody of superalgebras. These constructions allow us to get new realizations of the Virasoro, and Ramond, Neveu-Schwarz algebras

  2. Fusion algebra and fusing matrices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao Yihong; Li Miao; Yu Ming.

    1989-09-01

    We show that the Wilson line operators in topological field theories form a fusion algebra. In general, the fusion algebra is a relation among the fusing (F) matrices. In the case of the SU(2) WZW model, some special F matrix elements are found in this way, and the remaining F matrix elements are then determined up to a sign. In addition, the S(j) modular transformation of the one point blocks on the torus is worked out. Our results are found to agree with those obtained from the quantum group method. (author). 24 refs

  3. Equivalency of two-dimensional algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Gildemar Carneiro dos; Pomponet Filho, Balbino Jose S.

    2011-01-01

    Full text: Let us consider a vector z = xi + yj over the field of real numbers, whose basis (i,j) satisfy a given algebra. Any property of this algebra will be reflected in any function of z, so we can state that the knowledge of the properties of an algebra leads to more general conclusions than the knowledge of the properties of a function. However structural properties of an algebra do not change when this algebra suffers a linear transformation, though the structural constants defining this algebra do change. We say that two algebras are equivalent to each other whenever they are related by a linear transformation. In this case, we have found that some relations between the structural constants are sufficient to recognize whether or not an algebra is equivalent to another. In spite that the basis transform linearly, the structural constants change like a third order tensor, but some combinations of these tensors result in a linear transformation, allowing to write the entries of the transformation matrix as function of the structural constants. Eventually, a systematic way to find the transformation matrix between these equivalent algebras is obtained. In this sense, we have performed the thorough classification of associative commutative two-dimensional algebras, and find that even non-division algebra may be helpful in solving non-linear dynamic systems. The Mandelbrot set was used to have a pictorial view of each algebra, since equivalent algebras result in the same pattern. Presently we have succeeded in classifying some non-associative two-dimensional algebras, a task more difficult than for associative one. (author)

  4. A simplified formalism of the algebra of partially transposed permutation operators with applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mozrzymas, Marek; Studziński, Michał; Horodecki, Michał

    2018-03-01

    Herein we continue the study of the representation theory of the algebra of permutation operators acting on the n -fold tensor product space, partially transposed on the last subsystem. We develop the concept of partially reduced irreducible representations, which allows us to significantly simplify previously proved theorems and, most importantly, derive new results for irreducible representations of the mentioned algebra. In our analysis we are able to reduce the complexity of the central expressions by getting rid of sums over all permutations from the symmetric group, obtaining equations which are much more handy in practical applications. We also find relatively simple matrix representations for the generators of the underlying algebra. The obtained simplifications and developments are applied to derive the characteristics of a deterministic port-based teleportation scheme written purely in terms of irreducible representations of the studied algebra. We solve an eigenproblem for the generators of the algebra, which is the first step towards a hybrid port-based teleportation scheme and gives us new proofs of the asymptotic behaviour of teleportation fidelity. We also show a connection between the density operator characterising port-based teleportation and a particular matrix composed of an irreducible representation of the symmetric group, which encodes properties of the investigated algebra.

  5. On the algebraic reconstruction of the Duffing's mechanical system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aguilar-Ibanez, Carlos; Sanchez H, Jorge; Suarez C, Miguel S.; Martinez C, Juan

    2008-01-01

    The identification of the unknown parameters of the Duffing's mechanical system, based on an algebraic approach, is presented. This approach is fast, accurate, and simple to numerically implement. Also, the method, combined with a suitable invariant filter, can became robust against high frequency output measurement noises. Our method uses the availability of one measurable output and produces an exact formula for the unknown parameters, which may be realized in terms of iterated convolutions. First, we show that the Duffing's system parameters are linearly identifiable with respect to the position variable, then we obtain a linear system where the unknowns are the unavailable parameters. Suitable algebraic operations on the output differential equations makes the identification schema independent of the unavailable initial conditions of the underlying nonlinear dynamical system

  6. Algebraic equations for the exceptional eigenspectrum of the generalized Rabi model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Zi-Min; Batchelor, Murray T

    2015-01-01

    We obtain the exceptional part of the eigenspectrum of the generalized Rabi model, also known as the driven Rabi model, in terms of the roots of a set of algebraic equations. This approach provides a product form for the wavefunction components and allows an explicit connection with recent results obtained for the wavefunction in terms of truncated confluent Heun functions. Other approaches are also compared. For particular parameter values the exceptional part of the eigenspectrum consists of doubly degenerate crossing points. We give a proof for the number of roots of the constraint polynomials and discuss the number of crossing points. (paper)

  7. Non-geometric flux vacua, S-duality and algebraic geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guarino, Adolfo; Weatherill, George James

    2009-01-01

    The four dimensional gauged supergravities descending from non-geometric string compactifications involve a wide class of flux objects which are needed to make the theory invariant under duality transformations at the effective level. Additionally, complex algebraic conditions involving these fluxes arise from Bianchi identities and tadpole cancellations in the effective theory. In this work we study a simple T and S-duality invariant gauged supergravity, that of a type IIB string compactified on a T 6 /Z 2 x Z 2 orientifold with O3/O7-planes. We build upon the results of recent works and develop a systematic method for solving all the flux constraints based on the algebra structure underlying the fluxes. Starting with the T-duality invariant supergravity, we find that the fluxes needed to restore S-duality can be simply implemented as linear deformations of the gauge subalgebra by an element of its second cohomology class. Algebraic geometry techniques are extensively used to solve these constraints and supersymmetric vacua, centering our attention on Minkowski solutions, become systematically computable and are also provided to clarify the methods.

  8. Constant curvature algebras and higher spin action generating functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hallowell, K.; Waldron, A.

    2005-01-01

    The algebra of differential geometry operations on symmetric tensors over constant curvature manifolds forms a novel deformation of the sl(2,R)-bar R 2 Lie algebra. We present a simple calculus for calculations in its universal enveloping algebra. As an application, we derive generating functions for the actions and gauge invariances of massive, partially massless and massless (for both Bose and Fermi statistics) higher spins on constant curvature backgrounds. These are formulated in terms of a minimal set of covariant, unconstrained, fields rather than towers of auxiliary fields. Partially massless gauge transformations are shown to arise as degeneracies of the flat, massless gauge transformation in one dimension higher. Moreover, our results and calculus offer a considerable simplification over existing techniques for handling higher spins. In particular, we show how theories of arbitrary spin in dimension d can be rewritten in terms of a single scalar field in dimension 2d where the d additional dimensions correspond to coordinate differentials. We also develop an analogous framework for spinor-tensor fields in terms of the corresponding superalgebra

  9. Lie-algebra approach to symmetry breaking

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anderson, J.T.

    1981-01-01

    A formal Lie-algebra approach to symmetry breaking is studied in an attempt to reduce the arbitrariness of Lagrangian (Hamiltonian) models which include several free parameters and/or ad hoc symmetry groups. From Lie algebra it is shown that the unbroken Lagrangian vacuum symmetry can be identified from a linear function of integers which are Cartan matrix elements. In broken symmetry if the breaking operators form an algebra then the breaking symmetry (or symmetries) can be identified from linear functions of integers characteristic of the breaking symmetries. The results are applied to the Dirac Hamiltonian of a sum of flavored fermions and colored bosons in the absence of dynamical symmetry breaking. In the partially reduced quadratic Hamiltonian the breaking-operator functions are shown to consist of terms of order g 2 , g, and g 0 in the color coupling constants and identified with strong (boson-boson), medium strong (boson-fermion), and fine-structure (fermion-fermion) interactions. The breaking operators include a boson helicity operator in addition to the familiar fermion helicity and ''spin-orbit'' terms. Within the broken vacuum defined by the conventional formalism, the field divergence yields a gauge which is a linear function of Cartan matrix integers and which specifies the vacuum symmetry. We find that the vacuum symmetry is chiral SU(3) x SU(3) and the axial-vector-current divergence gives a PCAC -like function of the Cartan matrix integers which reduces to PCAC for SU(2) x SU(2) breaking. For the mass spectra of the nonets J/sup P/ = 0 - ,1/2 + ,1 - the integer runs through the sequence 3,0,-1,-2, which indicates that the breaking subgroups are the simple Lie groups. Exact axial-vector-current conservation indicates a breaking sum rule which generates octet enhancement. Finally, the second-order breaking terms are obtained from the second-order spin tensor sum of the completely reduced quartic Hamiltonian

  10. Finite automata over algebraic structures: models and some methods of analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Volodymyr V. Skobelev

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available In this paper some results of research in two new trends of finite automata theory are presented. For understanding the value and the aim of these researches some short retrospective analysis of development of finite automata theory is given. The first trend deals with families of finite automata defined via recurrence relations on algebraic structures over finite rings. The problem of design of some algorithm that simulates with some accuracy any element of given family of automata is investigated. Some general scheme for design of families of hash functions defined by outputless automata is elaborated. Computational security of these families of hash functions is analyzed. Automata defined on varieties with some algebra are presented and their homomorphisms are characterized. Special case of these automata, namely automata on elliptic curves, are investigated in detail. The second trend deals with quantum automata. Languages accepted by some basic models of quantum automata under supposition that unitary operators associated with input alphabet commute each with the others are characterized.

  11. Algebraic models for the hierarchy structure of evolution equations at small x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rembiesa, P.; Stasto, A.M.

    2005-01-01

    We explore several models of QCD evolution equations simplified by considering only the rapidity dependence of dipole scattering amplitudes, while provisionally neglecting their dependence on transverse coordinates. Our main focus is on the equations that include the processes of pomeron splittings. We examine the algebraic structures of the governing equation hierarchies, as well as the asymptotic behavior of their solutions in the large-rapidity limit

  12. Real algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Bochnak, Jacek; Roy, Marie-Françoise

    1998-01-01

    This book is a systematic treatment of real algebraic geometry, a subject that has strong interrelation with other areas of mathematics: singularity theory, differential topology, quadratic forms, commutative algebra, model theory, complexity theory etc. The careful and clearly written account covers both basic concepts and up-to-date research topics. It may be used as text for a graduate course. The present edition is a substantially revised and expanded English version of the book "Géometrie algébrique réelle" originally published in French, in 1987, as Volume 12 of ERGEBNISSE. Since the publication of the French version the theory has made advances in several directions. Many of these are included in this English version. Thus the English book may be regarded as a completely new treatment of the subject.

  13. Algebra of strong and electroweak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bolokhov, S.V.; Vladimirov, Yu.S.

    2004-01-01

    The algebraic approach to describing the electroweak and strong interactions is considered within the frames of the binary geometrophysics, based on the principles of the Fokker-Feynman direct interparticle interaction theories of the Kaluza-Klein multidimensional geometrical models and the physical structures theory. It is shown that in this approach the electroweak and strong elementary particles interaction through the intermediate vector bosons, are characterized by the subtypes of the algebraic classification of the complex 3 x 3-matrices [ru

  14. Counting Semisimple Orbits of Finite Lie Algebras by Genus

    OpenAIRE

    Fulman, Jason

    1999-01-01

    The adjoint action of a finite group of Lie type on its Lie algebra is studied. A simple formula is conjectured for the number of split semisimple orbits of a given genus. This conjecture is proved for type A, and partial results are obtained for other types. For type A a probabilistic interpretation is given in terms of card shuffling.

  15. Enveloping σ-C C C-algebra of a smooth Frechet algebra crossed ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences; Volume 116; Issue 2. Enveloping -*-Algebra of a Smooth Frechet Algebra Crossed Product by R R , K -Theory and Differential Structure in *-Algebras. Subhash J Bhatt. Regular Articles Volume 116 Issue 2 May 2006 pp 161-173 ...

  16. Hecke algebras with unequal parameters

    CERN Document Server

    Lusztig, G

    2003-01-01

    Hecke algebras arise in representation theory as endomorphism algebras of induced representations. One of the most important classes of Hecke algebras is related to representations of reductive algebraic groups over p-adic or finite fields. In 1979, in the simplest (equal parameter) case of such Hecke algebras, Kazhdan and Lusztig discovered a particular basis (the KL-basis) in a Hecke algebra, which is very important in studying relations between representation theory and geometry of the corresponding flag varieties. It turned out that the elements of the KL-basis also possess very interesting combinatorial properties. In the present book, the author extends the theory of the KL-basis to a more general class of Hecke algebras, the so-called algebras with unequal parameters. In particular, he formulates conjectures describing the properties of Hecke algebras with unequal parameters and presents examples verifying these conjectures in particular cases. Written in the author's precise style, the book gives rese...

  17. (1 + 1) Newton-Hooke group for the simple and damped harmonic oscillator

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brzykcy, Przemysław

    2018-03-01

    It is demonstrated that, in the framework of the orbit method, a simple and damped harmonic oscillator is indistinguishable at the level of an abstract Lie algebra. This opens a possibility for treating the dissipative systems within the orbit method. An in-depth analysis of the coadjoint orbits of the (1 + 1) dimensional Newton-Hooke group is presented. Furthermore, it is argued that the physical interpretation is carried by a specific realisation of the Lie algebra of smooth functions on a phase space rather than by an abstract Lie algebra.

  18. The Einstein action for algebras of matrix valued functions - Toy models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hajac, P.M.

    1995-10-01

    Two toy models are considered within the framework of noncommutative differential geometry. In the first one, the Einstein action of the Levi-Civita connection is computed for the algebra of matrix valued functions on a torus. It is shown that, assuming some constraints on the metric, this action splits into a classical-like, a quantum-like and a mixed term. In the second model, an analogue of the Palatini method of variation is applied to obtain critical points of the Einstein action functional for M 4 (R). It is pointed out that a solution to the Palatini variational problem is not necessarily a Levi-Civita connection. In this model, no additional assumptions regarding metrics are made. (author). 14 refs

  19. Categories and Commutative Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Salmon, P

    2011-01-01

    L. Badescu: Sur certaines singularites des varietes algebriques.- D.A. Buchsbaum: Homological and commutative algebra.- S. Greco: Anelli Henseliani.- C. Lair: Morphismes et structures algebriques.- B.A. Mitchell: Introduction to category theory and homological algebra.- R. Rivet: Anneaux de series formelles et anneaux henseliens.- P. Salmon: Applicazioni della K-teoria all'algebra commutativa.- M. Tierney: Axiomatic sheaf theory: some constructions and applications.- C.B. Winters: An elementary lecture on algebraic spaces.

  20. Particle-like structure of Lie algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vinogradov, A. M.

    2017-07-01

    If a Lie algebra structure 𝔤 on a vector space is the sum of a family of mutually compatible Lie algebra structures 𝔤i's, we say that 𝔤 is simply assembled from the 𝔤i's. Repeating this procedure with a number of Lie algebras, themselves simply assembled from the 𝔤i's, one obtains a Lie algebra assembled in two steps from 𝔤i's, and so on. We describe the process of modular disassembling of a Lie algebra into a unimodular and a non-unimodular part. We then study two inverse questions: which Lie algebras can be assembled from a given family of Lie algebras, and from which Lie algebras can a given Lie algebra be assembled. We develop some basic assembling and disassembling techniques that constitute the elements of a new approach to the general theory of Lie algebras. The main result of our theory is that any finite-dimensional Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero or over R can be assembled in a finite number of steps from two elementary constituents, which we call dyons and triadons. Up to an abelian summand, a dyon is a Lie algebra structure isomorphic to the non-abelian 2-dimensional Lie algebra, while a triadon is isomorphic to the 3-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra. As an example, we describe constructions of classical Lie algebras from triadons.

  1. Dynamical entropy of C* algebras and Von Neumann algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Connes, A.; Narnhofer, H.; Thirring, W.

    1986-01-01

    The definition of the dynamical entropy is extended for automorphism groups of C * algebras. As example the dynamical entropy of the shift of a lattice algebra is studied and it is shown that in some cases it coincides with the entropy density. (Author)

  2. Operators and representation theory canonical models for algebras of operators arising in quantum mechanics

    CERN Document Server

    Jorgensen, Palle E T

    1987-01-01

    Historically, operator theory and representation theory both originated with the advent of quantum mechanics. The interplay between the subjects has been and still is active in a variety of areas.This volume focuses on representations of the universal enveloping algebra, covariant representations in general, and infinite-dimensional Lie algebras in particular. It also provides new applications of recent results on integrability of finite-dimensional Lie algebras. As a central theme, it is shown that a number of recent developments in operator algebras may be handled in a particularly e

  3. Algebraic isomorphism in two-dimensional anomalous gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalhaes, C.G.; Belvedere, L.V.; Filho, H.B.; Natividade, C.P.

    1997-01-01

    The operator solution of the anomalous chiral Schwinger model is discussed on the basis of the general principles of Wightman field theory. Some basic structural properties of the model are analyzed taking a careful control on the Hilbert space associated with the Wightman functions. The isomorphism between gauge noninvariant and gauge invariant descriptions of the anomalous theory is established in terms of the corresponding field algebras. We show that (i) the Θ-vacuum representation and (ii) the suggested equivalence of vector Schwinger model and chiral Schwinger model cannot be established in terms of the intrinsic field algebra. copyright 1997 Academic Press, Inc

  4. Validation of Simulation Models without Knowledge of Parameters Using Differential Algebra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Björn Haffke

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This study deals with the external validation of simulation models using methods from differential algebra. Without any system identification or iterative numerical methods, this approach provides evidence that the equations of a model can represent measured and simulated sets of data. This is very useful to check if a model is, in general, suitable. In addition, the application of this approach to verification of the similarity between the identifiable parameters of two models with different sets of input and output measurements is demonstrated. We present a discussion on how the method can be used to find parameter deviations between any two models. The advantage of this method is its applicability to nonlinear systems as well as its algorithmic nature, which makes it easy to automate.

  5. Topological conformal algebra and BRST algebra in non-critical string theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujikawa, Kazuo; Suzuki, Hiroshi.

    1991-03-01

    The operator algebra in non-critical string theories is studied by treating the cosmological term as a perturbation. The algebra of covariantly regularized BRST and related currents contains a twisted N = 2 superconformal algebra only at d = -2 in bosonic strings, and a twisted N = 3 superconformal algebra only at d = ±∞ in spinning strings. The bosonic string at d = -2 is examined by replacing the string coordinate by a fermionic matter with c = -2. The resulting bc-βγ system accommodates various forms of BRST cohomology, and the ghost number assignment and BRST cohomology are different in the c = -2 string theory and two-dimensional topological gravity. (author)

  6. An algebraic sub-structuring method for large-scale eigenvalue calculation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, C.; Gao, W.; Bai, Z.; Li, X.; Lee, L.; Husbands, P.; Ng, E.

    2004-01-01

    We examine sub-structuring methods for solving large-scale generalized eigenvalue problems from a purely algebraic point of view. We use the term 'algebraic sub-structuring' to refer to the process of applying matrix reordering and partitioning algorithms to divide a large sparse matrix into smaller submatrices from which a subset of spectral components are extracted and combined to provide approximate solutions to the original problem. We are interested in the question of which spectral components one should extract from each sub-structure in order to produce an approximate solution to the original problem with a desired level of accuracy. Error estimate for the approximation to the smallest eigenpair is developed. The estimate leads to a simple heuristic for choosing spectral components (modes) from each sub-structure. The effectiveness of such a heuristic is demonstrated with numerical examples. We show that algebraic sub-structuring can be effectively used to solve a generalized eigenvalue problem arising from the simulation of an accelerator structure. One interesting characteristic of this application is that the stiffness matrix produced by a hierarchical vector finite elements scheme contains a null space of large dimension. We present an efficient scheme to deflate this null space in the algebraic sub-structuring process

  7. Algebraic K-theory

    CERN Document Server

    Srinivas, V

    1996-01-01

    Algebraic K-Theory has become an increasingly active area of research. With its connections to algebra, algebraic geometry, topology, and number theory, it has implications for a wide variety of researchers and graduate students in mathematics. The book is based on lectures given at the author's home institution, the Tata Institute in Bombay, and elsewhere. A detailed appendix on topology was provided in the first edition to make the treatment accessible to readers with a limited background in topology. The second edition also includes an appendix on algebraic geometry that contains the required definitions and results needed to understand the core of the book; this makes the book accessible to a wider audience. A central part of the book is a detailed exposition of the ideas of Quillen as contained in his classic papers "Higher Algebraic K-Theory, I, II." A more elementary proof of the theorem of Merkujev--Suslin is given in this edition; this makes the treatment of this topic self-contained. An application ...

  8. Head First Algebra A Learner's Guide to Algebra I

    CERN Document Server

    Pilone, Tracey

    2008-01-01

    Having trouble understanding algebra? Do algebraic concepts, equations, and logic just make your head spin? We have great news: Head First Algebra is designed for you. Full of engaging stories and practical, real-world explanations, this book will help you learn everything from natural numbers and exponents to solving systems of equations and graphing polynomials. Along the way, you'll go beyond solving hundreds of repetitive problems, and actually use what you learn to make real-life decisions. Does it make sense to buy two years of insurance on a car that depreciates as soon as you drive i

  9. Novikov algebras with associative bilinear forms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu Fuhai; Chen Zhiqi [School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)

    2007-11-23

    Novikov algebras were introduced in connection with the Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic-type and Hamiltonian operators in formal variational calculus. The goal of this paper is to study Novikov algebras with non-degenerate associative symmetric bilinear forms, which we call quadratic Novikov algebras. Based on the classification of solvable quadratic Lie algebras of dimension not greater than 4 and Novikov algebras in dimension 3, we show that quadratic Novikov algebras up to dimension 4 are commutative. Furthermore, we obtain the classification of transitive quadratic Novikov algebras in dimension 4. But we find that not every quadratic Novikov algebra is commutative and give a non-commutative quadratic Novikov algebra in dimension 6.

  10. Tensor spaces and exterior algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Yokonuma, Takeo

    1992-01-01

    This book explains, as clearly as possible, tensors and such related topics as tensor products of vector spaces, tensor algebras, and exterior algebras. You will appreciate Yokonuma's lucid and methodical treatment of the subject. This book is useful in undergraduate and graduate courses in multilinear algebra. Tensor Spaces and Exterior Algebra begins with basic notions associated with tensors. To facilitate understanding of the definitions, Yokonuma often presents two or more different ways of describing one object. Next, the properties and applications of tensors are developed, including the classical definition of tensors and the description of relative tensors. Also discussed are the algebraic foundations of tensor calculus and applications of exterior algebra to determinants and to geometry. This book closes with an examination of algebraic systems with bilinear multiplication. In particular, Yokonuma discusses the theory of replicas of Chevalley and several properties of Lie algebras deduced from them.

  11. Yang-Baxter algebra - Integrable systems - Conformal quantum field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karowski, M.

    1989-01-01

    This series of lectures is based on investigations [1,2] of finite-size corrections for the six-vertex model by means of Bethe ansatz methods. In addition a review on applications of Yang-Baxter algebras and an introduction to the theory of integrable systems and the algebraic Bethe ansatz is presented. A Θ-vacuum like angle appearing in the RSOS-models is discussed. The continuum limit in the critical case of these statistical models is performed to obtain the minimal models of conformal quantum field theory. (author)

  12. Designing Cognitively Diagnostic Assessment for Algebraic Content Knowledge and Thinking Skills

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Zhidong

    2018-01-01

    This study explored a diagnostic assessment method that emphasized the cognitive process of algebra learning. The study utilized a design and a theory-driven model to examine the content knowledge. Using the theory driven model, the thinking skills of algebra learning was also examined. A Bayesian network model was applied to represent the theory…

  13. Profinite algebras and affine boundedness

    OpenAIRE

    Schneider, Friedrich Martin; Zumbrägel, Jens

    2015-01-01

    We prove a characterization of profinite algebras, i.e., topological algebras that are isomorphic to a projective limit of finite discrete algebras. In general profiniteness concerns both the topological and algebraic characteristics of a topological algebra, whereas for topological groups, rings, semigroups, and distributive lattices, profiniteness turns out to be a purely topological property as it is is equivalent to the underlying topological space being a Stone space. Condensing the core...

  14. A simple model for indentation creep

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ginder, Ryan S.; Nix, William D.; Pharr, George M.

    2018-03-01

    A simple model for indentation creep is developed that allows one to directly convert creep parameters measured in indentation tests to those observed in uniaxial tests through simple closed-form relationships. The model is based on the expansion of a spherical cavity in a power law creeping material modified to account for indentation loading in a manner similar to that developed by Johnson for elastic-plastic indentation (Johnson, 1970). Although only approximate in nature, the simple mathematical form of the new model makes it useful for general estimation purposes or in the development of other deformation models in which a simple closed-form expression for the indentation creep rate is desirable. Comparison to a more rigorous analysis which uses finite element simulation for numerical evaluation shows that the new model predicts uniaxial creep rates within a factor of 2.5, and usually much better than this, for materials creeping with stress exponents in the range 1 ≤ n ≤ 7. The predictive capabilities of the model are evaluated by comparing it to the more rigorous analysis and several sets of experimental data in which both the indentation and uniaxial creep behavior have been measured independently.

  15. Computational triadic algebras of signs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zadrozny, W. [T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY (United States)

    1996-12-31

    We present a finite model of Peirce`s ten classes of signs. We briefly describe Peirce`s taxonomy of signs; we prove that any finite collection of signs can be extended to a finite algebra of signs in which all interpretants are themselves being interpreted; and we argue that Peirce`s ten classes of signs can be defined using constraints on algebras of signs. The paper opens the possibility of defining multimodal cognitive agents using Peirce`s classes of signs, and is a first step towards building a computational logic of signs based on Peirce`s taxonomies.

  16. Algebraic approach for the diagnosis of turbine cycles in nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heo, Gyunyoung; Chang, Soon Heung

    2005-01-01

    According to plant operating staff's practical needs, authors proposed a diagnosis model to identify the performance degradation of steam turbine cycles in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The essential idea of this study is how to identify the intrinsically degraded component which causes electric loss. Authors found that there were not so many turbine cycle diagnosis applications in NPPs currently because of technical, financial, or social characteristics of the plant. So a great part of the diagnosis has been dependent on operating staff's experience and knowledge. However as economic competition becomes severe, the efficiency staffs is asking for reliable and practical advisory tools. For the solution of these shortcomings, authors proposed a simple and intuitive diagnosis concept based on the superposition rule of degradation phenomena, which can be derived by simple algebra and correlation analysis. Though the superposition rule is not so significant statistically, almost all of the performance indices under normal operation are fairly compatible with this model. Authors developed a prototype model of quantitative root-cause diagnosis and validated the background theory using the simulated data. The turbine cycle advisory system using this model was applied to Gori NPP units 3 and 4

  17. Some results on the eigenfunctions of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model related to the Lie algebra D4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandez Nunez, J.; Garcia Fuertes, W.; Perelomov, A.M.

    2003-01-01

    We express the Hamiltonian of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model related to the Lie algebra D 4 in terms of a set of Weyl-invariant variables, namely, the characters of the fundamental representations of the Lie algebra. This parametrization allows us to solve for the energy eigenfunctions of the theory and to study properties of the system of orthogonal polynomials associated with them such as recurrence relations and generating functions

  18. Superconformal algebras in two dimensions with N=4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sevrin, A.; Troost, W.; Proeyen, A. van

    1988-01-01

    We discuss a one-parameter family of d=2 superconformal algebras. They have N=4 supersymmetries and satisfy all the usual requirements. There is one Virasoro algebra, the other generators have dimension 1/2, 1 or 3/2 and there is one central extension. A realisation is given on a linear σ-model on a group manifold. (orig.)

  19. Double-partition Quantum Cluster Algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jakobsen, Hans Plesner; Zhang, Hechun

    2012-01-01

    A family of quantum cluster algebras is introduced and studied. In general, these algebras are new, but sub-classes have been studied previously by other authors. The algebras are indexed by double parti- tions or double flag varieties. Equivalently, they are indexed by broken lines L. By grouping...... together neighboring mutations into quantum line mutations we can mutate from the cluster algebra of one broken line to another. Compatible pairs can be written down. The algebras are equal to their upper cluster algebras. The variables of the quantum seeds are given by elements of the dual canonical basis....

  20. Algebra II workbook for dummies

    CERN Document Server

    Sterling, Mary Jane

    2014-01-01

    To succeed in Algebra II, start practicing now Algebra II builds on your Algebra I skills to prepare you for trigonometry, calculus, and a of myriad STEM topics. Working through practice problems helps students better ingest and retain lesson content, creating a solid foundation to build on for future success. Algebra II Workbook For Dummies, 2nd Edition helps you learn Algebra II by doing Algebra II. Author and math professor Mary Jane Sterling walks you through the entire course, showing you how to approach and solve the problems you encounter in class. You'll begin by refreshing your Algebr