Estructura y organización de los ensambles de roedores de un bosque de la Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, México Structure and organization of rodent assembles of a forest of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico

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ELIZABETH E ARAGÓN

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La diversidad biológica de los bosques templados en la región de montaña denominada "Sierra Madre Occidental», México, es rica. Esta zona se encuentra en la Zona de Transición, un área biogeográficamente importante de Norteamérica caracterizada por una gran heterogeneidad ambiental local. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre la composición taxonómica y la organización de los mamíferos pequeños nativos y sobre la influencia de los factores ecológicos locales, en particular en tipos de vegetación diferentes. Por lo tanto, se estudió la composición de especies y la estructura de los ensambles de pequeños mamíferos de esta sierra y se proporcionó información sobre el nivel de anidamiento y la detección de patrones en su organización. El área de estudio fue el rancho "El Durangueño", Durango, México. Se muestrearon tres tipos de vegetación diferentes (pastizales y bosques de encino-pino y pino-encino por estación de 2005 y 2006. Los roedores fueron capturados, recapturados e identificados durante tres noches por sitio. Los resultados produjeron 520 individuos (386 capturas, 134 recapturas de 18 especies de mamíferos pequeños (14 ratones, cuatro ardillas de tamaños corporales diferentes, de afinidades neártica, neotropical o compartida; se encontraron endemismos y taxas en alguna categoría de riesgo de extinción. La riqueza y la equitabilidad fueron altas, la diversidad y los niveles poblacionales fueron moderados, a excepción de un bosque de encino-pino con densidad de pequeños mamíferos alta y la dominancia de alguna especie en el bosque de pino-encino, debido probablemente a perturbaciones. El patrón espacial de las especie de tamaño mediano no fue azaroso. El ensamblaje de especies no presentó anidamiento y tuvo una distribución log-normal, con cuatro especies comunes y de amplia distribución (Peromyscus truei, P. maniculatus, Reithrodontomys montanus y Sigmodon leucotis y siete de distribución restringida

Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre occidental Mexico

OpenAIRE

Lammertink, J.M.; Rojas-Tome, J.A.; Casillas-Orona, F.M.; Otto, R.L.

1996-01-01

The pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range in NW Mexico, have recently been recognized as an area of high endemism and biodiversity. Selective logging threatens three bird species endemic to this habitat, who depend on standing dead trees (snags). This report is based on an 11 month field survey that aimed to locate oldgrowth remnants and to assess the status of the endemic birds. Old-growth is defined here as a forest that has never been logged mechanically. Old-gr...

First records of several bird species for Zacatecas, Mexico

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Alejandro Pérez-Arteaga

2017-10-01

Full Text Available We report the first records of five species of birds for the state of Zacatecas, Mexico: Ortalis poliocephala (West Mexican Chachalaca, Progne sinaloae (Sinaloa Martin, Peucaea carpalis (Rufous-winged Sparrow, Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow and Cyanocompsa parellina (Blue Bunting. Ortalis poliocephala is also a new record for the Western Sierra Madre biogeographic region. These records are ecologically relevant as they extend the known distribution ranges and suggest that the southern Zacatecas region might be more diverse than previously thought.

A new species of knob-scaled lizard (Xenosauridae, Xenosaurus) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Puebla, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

de Oca, Adrián Nieto-Montes; Sánchez-Vega, Helder; Durán-Fuentes, Itzel

2018-01-01

A new species of Xenosaurus in the X. tzacualtipantecus clade is described from the Sierra Madre Oriental of northern Puebla, Mexico. The new species differs from all of its congeners in possessing a unique combination of characters. The new species appears to be allopatric and fills in the geographic gap between the geographic distributions of X. tzacualtipantecus and the species in the newmanorum clade to the north and northwest and those of the species in the grandis and rackhami clades to the south and southeast. The new species occurs between approximately 880 m and 1470 m of elevation, and appears to be restricted to cloud forest, which has been replaced by coffee plantations in many areas. An updated key to the species of Xenosaurus is provided.

Preliminary flora of the Sierra Bacadehuachi, Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas R. Van Devender; Ana Lilia Reina-Guerrero; George M. Ferguson; George Yatskievych; Beatriz E. Loyola-Reina; Gertrudis Yanes-Arvayo; Maria de la Paz Montanez-Armenta; John L. Anderson; Stephen F. Hale; Sky Jacobs

2013-01-01

The Sierra Bacadéhuachi in east-central Sonora is the westernmost mountain range in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), located east of Bacadéhuachi, Municipio de Bacadéhuachi, 34 km east of the Chihuahua border, and 165 km south of the Arizona border. The vegetation ranges from lowland foothills thornscrub up through desert grassland to oak woodland and pine-oak forest...

Biodiversity and distribution of helminths and protozoa in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve La Sierra Madre de Chiapas", México.

Science.gov (United States)

Güiris, A D M; Rojas, H N M; Berovides, A V; Sosa, P J; Pérez, E M E; Cruz, A E; Chávez, H C; Moguel, A J A; Jimenez-Coello, M; Ortega-Pacheco, A

2010-06-24

A cross sectional survey was performed to identify gastrointestinal helminths and protozoans in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve known as "La Sierra Madre de Chiapas", Mexico (El Triunfo and La Sepultura). During a three-year survey, fecal samples from 90 horses and parasites from 2 necropsied animals were collected. Five families from the Nematoda class: Ascaridae, Kathlanidae, Oxyuridae, Strongylidae and Trichostrongylidae were found, whereas, only one family from the class Cestoda, was observed: Anoplocephalidae. One family from the class Insecta, was observed: Gasterophiilidae. The number of species of parasites ranged from 13 to 18 with an average of 15 per animal. Adult parasites were recovered from the large intestine luminal contents at necropsy. Species recovered included: Strongylus vulgaris, S. equinus, S. edentatus, Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Coronocyclus coronatum, C. labiatus, C. labratus, Cyathostomum tetracanthum, Cylicocyclus insigne, C. leptostomus, Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus, Cylicostephanus asymetricus, C. bidentatus, C. minutus, C. longibursatus, Petrovinema poculatum, Poteriostomum imparidentatum, Cylicostephanus goldi, Tridentoinfundibulum gobi, Triodontophorus serratus and T. tenuicollis. One species of Diptera were recovered from stomach and identified: Gasterophilus intestinalis. Furthermore, different species of protozoa were recovered from fresh horse-dung and identified in four classes: Sporozoa, Litostomatea, Ciliasida and Suctoria. Nine families: Cryptosporidiidae, Eimeriidae, Balantidiidae, Buetschliidae, Blepharocorythidae, Cycloposthiidae, Spirodiniididae, Ditoxidae, Acinetidae; and 31 ciliates species were recorded: Allantosoma dicorniger, A. intestinalis, Alloiozona trizona, Blepharosphaera intestinalis, Blepharoprosthium pireum, Blepharoconus benbrooki, Bundleia postciliata, Didesmis ovalis, D. quadrata, Sulcoarcus pellucidulus, Blepharocorys angusta, B. cardionucleata, B. curvigula, B. juvata, B

Graben calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental: The case of Guanajuato, central Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Aguirre-Diaz, G. J.; Tristán-González, M.; Labarthe-Hernández, G.; Marti, J.

2013-12-01

The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) volcanic province is characterized by voluminous silicic ignimbrites that reach an accumulated thickness of 500 to 1500 m. A single ignimbrite can reach up to 350 m thick in its outflow facies. This ignimbrite sequence formed mostly within 38-23 Ma, building up a total estimated volume of ca. 580,000 km3 making the SMO the largest ignimbrite province of the world. We have showed that several and probably most of the SMO ignimbrites were erupted from fissures associated to Basin and Range fault systems or grabens (Geology, 2003), thus naming these volcano-tectonic structures as graben calderas (Caldera Volcanism book, Elsevier, 2008). Generally, the sequence observed in graben calderas include, from oldest to youngest, alluvial fan deposits combined with lacustrine deposits, pyroclastic surge deposits and minor volume ignimbrites, a large-volume ignimbrite that could be massive or made of successive layers, and sometimes silicic lava domes and/or mafic fissural lavas both with vents aligned with the graben trend. Fallout deposits, plinian or non-plinian, are not observed in the sequence. Thus, onset of caldera collapse represented by the major ignimbrite must occur just after deposition of continental sediments within the graben domain. A similar volcano-tectonic development is observed in pull-apart grabens. Therefore, extensional or transtensional tectonics, before and during caldera collapse, and the emplacement of a subgraben shallow silicic magma chamber are the necessary conditions for the development of graben calderas. We describe here the case of the Guanajuato graben caldera, located in the central part of Mexico and in the southeastern portion of the SMO volcanic province. The caldera is part of the economically important mining district of Guanajuato, with 28 silver mines, some active since the 16th century. The caldera structure, a rectangle of 10 x 16 km, was controlled by NW and NE regional fault systems. Most ore

Preliminary assessment of the moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) fauna of Rincon de Guadalupe, Sierra de Bacadehuachi, Sonora, Mexico

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John D. Palting

2013-01-01

The Sierra de Bacadéhuachi is a poorly sampled extension of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) located in east-central Sonora near the town of Bacadéhuachi. Sampling of moths using mercury vapor and ultraviolet lights occurred in summer and fall 2011, and spring 2012 at Rincón de Guadalupe, located in pine-oak forest at 1680 m elevation. Approximately 400 taxa of moths...

Modeling the Potential Distribution of Picea chihuahuana Martínez, an Endangered Species at the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

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Victor Aguilar-Soto

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Species distribution models (SDMs help identify areas for the development of populations or communities to prevent extinctions, especially in the face of the global environmental change. This study modeled the potential distribution of the tree Picea chihuahuana Martínez, a species in danger of extinction, using the maximum entropy modeling method (MaxEnt at three scales: local, state and national. We used a total of 38 presence data from the Sierra Madre Occidental. At the local scale, we compared MaxEnt with the reclassification and overlay method integrated in a geographic information system. MaxEnt generated maps with a high predictive capability (AUC > 0.97. The distribution of P. chihuahuana is defined by vegetation type and minimum temperature at national and state scales. At the local scale, both models calculated similar areas for the potential distribution of the species; the variables that better defined the species distribution were vegetation type, aspect and distance to water flows. Populations of P. chihuahuana have always been small, but our results show potential habitat greater than the area of the actual distribution. These results provide an insight into the availability of areas suitable for the species’ regeneration, possibly through assisted colonization.

sparrow-weavers, PJocepasser mahali

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1987-01-27

Jan 27, 1987 ... Sparrow-weavers often perched in a tree near fellow group members. .... (1981) showed that Zambian sparrow-weavers avoid tall, densely-matted ... of 3 in intermediate habitat in New Mexico (Stacey. 1979). Population ...

Caracterización de la lactancia materna en madres adolescentes

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Arnaldo Sena Barrios

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la lactancia materna ha constituido el modo de alimentación que ha garantizado la supervivencia del género humano y las ventajas que ella proporciona son muy conocidas. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la lactancia materna en madres adolescentes. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, transversal sobre el comportamiento de la lactancia materna en madres adolescentes del consultorio médico Libertad II, del Distrito 6 de la Zona de Pampa de la Isla en la Ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; en el período comprendido de Julio de 2011 a Julio de 2012. El universo estuvo constituido por 61 madres adolescentes. La selección de la muestra se realizó mediante un muestreo opinático, teniendo en cuenta criterio de expertos, quedando conformada por 53 madres adolescentes las cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Resultados: predominaron las adolescentes de 18-19 años, de escolaridad secundaria. El mayor por ciento de las adolescentes lactó de 1-3 meses. Las amas de casa fueron las más representadas en el grupo de adolescentes estudiadas. Conclusiones: las infecciones respiratorias agudas fueron las enfermedades de mayor incidencia, seguida de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas y lesiones en piel, predominando en las adolescentes que lactaron menos de un mes. No existen en general, las condiciones psicosociales para enfrentar las responsabilidades que se derivan de tener un hijo a estas edades.

Resolving the Conflict Between Ecosystem Protection and Land Use in Protected Areas of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Cortina-Villar, Sergio; Plascencia-Vargas, Héctor; Vaca, Raúl; Schroth, Götz; Zepeda, Yatziri; Soto-Pinto, Lorena; Nahed-Toral, José

2012-03-01

Livelihoods of people living in many protected areas (PAs) around the world are in conflict with biodiversity conservation. In Mexico, the decrees of creation of biosphere reserves state that rural communities with the right to use buffer zones must avoid deforestation and their land uses must become sustainable, a task which is not easily accomplished. The objectives of this paper are: (a) to analyze the conflict between people's livelihoods and ecosystem protection in the PAs of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas (SMC), paying special attention to the rates and causes of deforestation and (b) to review policy options to ensure forest and ecosystem conservation in these PAs, including the existing payments for environmental services system and improvements thereof as well as options for sustainable land management. We found that the three largest PAs in the SMC are still largely forested, and deforestation rates have decreased since 2000. Cases of forest conversion are located in specific zones and are related to agrarian and political conflicts as well as growing economic inequality and population numbers. These problems could cause an increase in forest loss in the near future. Payments for environmental services and access to carbon markets are identified as options to ensure forest permanence but still face problems. Challenges for the future are to integrate these incentive mechanisms with sustainable land management and a stronger involvement of land holders in conservation.

STAND STRUCTURE OF Pinus hartwegii AFFECTED BY FIRE USING NEIGHBOURHOOD PARAMETERS IN THE SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL, MEXICO.

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Diana Yemilet Avila Flores

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research was to characterize the pattern of spatial structure of a Pinus hartwegii forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental, affected by a fire in 1998. Sampling was stratified by fire severity. Three fire severity classes were defined based on the degree of crown consumption (low, medium and high. Three sample plots of 40m x 40m were established for each severity. The variables obtained for all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH ≥ 5 cm in each plot were: DBH to 1.30 m (cm, height (m, spatial location by recording the azimuth (° and distance (m from center of the plot to each tree. To describe the stand structure three groups of indices were employed: “contagion” and “distances” (Wi and Di, “dominance” (Ui, and “size differentiation” (TDi and THi for DBH and height respectively. An analysis of variance was performed to detect differences between dasometrics parameters by fire severity. Statistical analysis shows significant differences (p>0.001 in the parameters such as basal area, diameter, and height, along the low, medium, and high fire severities. The characterization of the Pinus hartwegii spatial structure suggests that, with increasing degree of fire severity, the stands showed an increase on the aggregation index, however, the dimensional differentiation and dominance indices decreases as the fire severity increases.

The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Rafe M.; Siler, Cameron D.; Oliveros, Carl. H; Welton, Luke J.; Rock, Ashley; Swab, John; Weerd, Merlijn Van; van Beijnen, Jonah; Jose, Edgar; Rodriguez, Dominic; Jose, Edmund; Diesmos, Arvin C.

2013-01-01

Abstract We provide the first report on the herpetological biodiversity (amphibians and reptiles) of the northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range (Cagayan and Isabela provinces), northeast Luzon Island, Philippines. New data from extensive previously unpublished surveys in the Municipalities of Gonzaga, Gattaran, Lasam, Santa Ana, and Baggao (Cagayan Province), as well as fieldwork in the Municipalities of Cabagan, San Mariano, and Palanan (Isabela Province), combined with all available historical museum records, suggest this region is quite diverse. Our new data indicate that at least 101 species are present (29 amphibians, 30 lizards, 35 snakes, two freshwater turtles, three marine turtles, and two crocodilians) and now represented with well-documented records and/or voucher specimens, confirmed in institutional biodiversity repositories. A high percentage of Philippine endemic species constitute the local fauna (approximately 70%). The results of this and other recent studies signify that the herpetological diversity of the northern Philippines is far more diverse than previously imagined. Thirty-eight percent of our recorded species are associated with unresolved taxonomic issues (suspected new species or species complexes in need of taxonomic partitioning). This suggests that despite past and present efforts to comprehensively characterize the fauna, the herpetological biodiversity of the northern Philippines is still substantially underestimated and warranting of further study. PMID:23653519

The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range

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Rafe Brown

2013-02-01

Full Text Available We provide the first report on the herpetological biodiversity (amphibians and reptiles of the northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range (Cagayan and Isabela provinces, northeast Luzon Island, Philippines. New data from extensive previously unpublished surveys in the Municipalities of Gonzaga, Gattaran, Lasam, Santa Ana, and Baggao (Cagayan Province, as well as fieldwork in the Municipalities of Cabagan, San Mariano, and Palanan (Isabela Province, combined with all available historical museum records, suggest this region is quite diverse. Our new data indicate that at least 101 species are present (29 amphibians, 30 lizards, 35 snakes, two freshwater turtles, three marine turtles, and two crocodilians and now represented with well-documented records and/or voucher specimens, confirmed in institutional biodiversity repositories. A high percentage of Philippine endemic species constitute the local fauna (approximately 70%. The results of this and other recent studies signify that the herpetological diversity of the northern Philippines is far more diverse than previously imagined. Thirty-eight percent of our recorded species are associated with unresolved taxonomic issues (suspected new species or species complexes in need of taxonomic partitioning. This suggests that despite past and present efforts to comprehensively characterize the fauna, the herpetological biodiversity of the northern Philippines is still substantially underestimated and warranting of further study.

The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Rafe M; Siler, Cameron D; Oliveros, Carl H; Welton, Luke J; Rock, Ashley; Swab, John; Weerd, Merlijn Van; van Beijnen, Jonah; Jose, Edgar; Rodriguez, Dominic; Jose, Edmund; Diesmos, Arvin C

2013-01-01

We provide the first report on the herpetological biodiversity (amphibians and reptiles) of the northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range (Cagayan and Isabela provinces), northeast Luzon Island, Philippines. New data from extensive previously unpublished surveys in the Municipalities of Gonzaga, Gattaran, Lasam, Santa Ana, and Baggao (Cagayan Province), as well as fieldwork in the Municipalities of Cabagan, San Mariano, and Palanan (Isabela Province), combined with all available historical museum records, suggest this region is quite diverse. Our new data indicate that at least 101 species are present (29 amphibians, 30 lizards, 35 snakes, two freshwater turtles, three marine turtles, and two crocodilians) and now represented with well-documented records and/or voucher specimens, confirmed in institutional biodiversity repositories. A high percentage of Philippine endemic species constitute the local fauna (approximately 70%). The results of this and other recent studies signify that the herpetological diversity of the northern Philippines is far more diverse than previously imagined. Thirty-eight percent of our recorded species are associated with unresolved taxonomic issues (suspected new species or species complexes in need of taxonomic partitioning). This suggests that despite past and present efforts to comprehensively characterize the fauna, the herpetological biodiversity of the northern Philippines is still substantially underestimated and warranting of further study.

Comer y dar de comer a los dioses : conocimiento, el costumbre y la nutricion en La Sierra Huichola, Mexico

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fajardo Santana, H.

2000-01-01

This thesis derives from a four-year period of anthropological research and practice as a medical doctor among the Huichol indigenous people in the western Sierra Madre of Mexico.

The main focus is an analysis of contrasting (and often conflicting) knowledge and belief systems, as

Ecology and local knowledge of the Baird's tapir (Tapirella bairdii) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavariega Nolasco, Mario César; Briones-Salas, Miguel; Mazas-Teodocio, Amado; Durán-Medina, Elvira

2016-09-01

As well as being of global cultural importance (from local tribal folklore to being an iconic species for conservation), the tapir plays an important role in its ecosystem as a herbivore and seed disperser. However, the ecology and ethnozoology of the endangered Baird's tapir in the north of Oaxaca, Mexico is poorly understood. We used camera traps to estimate its relative abundance and density and to describe the activity patterns of the northernmost population of Baird's tapir in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. Local knowledge concerning the tapir was also documented, along with the conservation strategies undertaken by the 2 indigenous communities that own the land where the study site is located. Only adult tapirs were photographed, and these were active 14 h per day, but were mainly nocturnal and crepuscular. The estimated relative abundance (12.99 ± 2.24 events/1000 camera days) and density values (0.07-0.24 individuals/km(2) ) were both similar to those found in another site in Mexico located within a protected area. Semi-structured interviews revealed that people have a basic understanding of the eating habits, activity and main predators of the tapir. There were reports of hunting, although not among those respondents who regularly consume bush meat. Thus, the relative abundance and density estimates of tapir at the study site could be related to the favorable condition of the forest and the absence of hunting and consumption of tapir meat. Fortunately, the local people are conducting initiatives promoting the conservation of this ungulate and its habitat that combine to constitute a regional trend of habitat and wildlife protection. © 2016 International Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

The post-Laramide clastic deposits of the Sierra de Guanajuato: Compositional implications on the tectono-sedimentary and paleographic evolution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miranda-Aviles, R.; Puy-Alquiza, M.J.; OmaNa, L.; Loza-Aguirre, I.

2016-07-01

This article presents the results of the study on sedimentation, sedimentary environments, tectono-sedimentary and paleogeographic evolution of post-Laramide clastic deposits and pre-volcanism of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the Sierra de Guanajuato, central Mexico. The Eocene Duarte Conglomerate and Guanajuato Conglomerate were deposited in the middle and distal parts of alluvial fans. The studied rocks are composed of limestone clasts, granite, andesite, metasediments, diorite, and pyroxenite, indicating the erosion of uplifted blocks of the basal complex of the Sierra de Guanajuato (Arperos basin). The petrographic and compositional analysis of limestone shows a textural variation from basin limestones and shallow platform limestones. The shallow platform limestone contain bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, echinoderms and benthic foraminifera from the Berriasian-Valanginian. The shallow-water limestone corresponds to the boundary of the Arperos basin whose original outcrops currently not outcrop in the Sierra de Guanajuato. (Author)

Factors associated with arrival densities of grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and baird's sparrow (A. bairdii) in the upper great plains

Science.gov (United States)

Ahlering, M.A.; Johnson, D.H.; Faaborg, John

2009-01-01

Although critical to habitat and population management, the proximate cues that birds use to establish territories are largely unknown. Understanding these cues is important for birds, such as many grassland birds, that exhibit high annual variability in population density and make new habitat-selection decisions annually. Identifying the actual cues used is difficult in the field, but the factors associated with the arrival densities of birds can help uncover variables that are involved in or correlated with cues used for selection. During the summers of 2002–2004, we investigated how weather and local vegetation factors were related to arrival densities of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and Baird's Sparrows (A. bairdii) at three locations across North Dakota and Saskatchewan. Spring densities of Grasshopper Sparrows were positively correlated with concurrent May precipitation, whereas densities of Baird's Sparrows were negatively correlated with the previous winter's snowfall. We used a model-selection approach to evaluate the vegetation characteristics associated with arrival densities of birds. Grasshopper Sparrow densities showed a strong negative relationship to woody cover, and Baird's Sparrow densities showed a negative relationship to vegetation height and vegetation density near the ground. Our results provide a first detailed look at habitat and weather associations immediately after arrival in spring and an important first step in uncovering factors that may be involved in habitat selection in two grassland species.

The case of the Disappearing House Sparrow (Passer domesticus indicus

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Anjan Dandapat

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The fluffy brown sparrows are 15cm in length and distributed all over India up to 4000m in the Himalayas. The disappearance of sparrows has been widely reported in India. The sparrow population in Andhra Pradesh alone had dropped by 80 per cent, and in other states like Kerala, Gujarat and Rajasthan, it had dipped by 20 per cent, while the decline in coastal areas was as sharp as 70 to 80 per cent. But reliable information on sparrow populations is not available. No one is actually counting and keeping a record of the sparrows. The spread of diseases due to decline in sparrow population is an alarming danger. Introduction of unleaded petrol, use of chemically treated seeds, flow of electromagnetic waves from cellphone towers, reducing areas of free growing weeds or reducing numbers of badly maintained buildings, competition for food by other species etc. are possible reasons for this disappearance. The BirdLife International, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB, a UK-based organisation and the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS have taken plan for the protection of sparrow population. [Vet. World 2010; 3(2.000: 97-100

78 FR 8588 - Rg Steel Sparrows Point LLC, Formerly Known as Severstal Sparrows Point LLC, a Subsidiary of RG...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-06

... Consulting, Crown Security, Eastern Automation, EDS(HP), Teksystems, URS Corporation, and B More Industrial... from B More Industrial Services LLC were employed on-site at the Sparrows Point, Maryland location of RG Steel Sparrows Point LLC. The Department has determined that these workers from B More Industrial...

House sparrows benefit from the conservation of white storks

Science.gov (United States)

Kosicki, Jakub Z.; Sparks, Tim H.; Tryjanowski, Piotr

2007-05-01

As with many farmland bird species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus is declining in Europe, mainly due to intensification of agriculture reducing nest sites and food supplies. During 2002-2005, we studied the population size and nest site characteristics of house sparrows breeding within white stork Ciconia ciconia nests in a large area of agricultural landscape within western Poland. To explain sparrow density within stork nests, we examined characteristics of white stork nests (position, age, productivity) and the farm type around the nest. House sparrow density was greatest in the longest established (and hence larger) white stork nests located on traditionally managed farms. Two recent changes appear to have adverse effects on house sparrows. The first is the intensification of farming and the second is active management of white stork nests on electric poles to reduce nest size and thus avoid both disruption to the electrical supply and electrocution of white storks. Because the white stork has such a high profile in Poland, there are numerous schemes to conserve and enhance this species. In conclusion, we clearly show that protecting one species can have valuable, although unplanned, benefits to another species of conservation interest, the house sparrow.

[Geographic distribution of birds in the Sierra Madre Oriental of San Luis Potosi, Mexico: a regional analysis of conservation status].

Science.gov (United States)

Sahagún Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Navarro, Jaime Castro; Reyes Hernández, Humberto

2013-06-01

The Sierra Madre Oriental region in the mexican state of San Luis Potosi is a relevant place for bird conservation at a country level. Therefore the main goal of this study was to analyze the geographic patterns of distribution and the conservation current state of the birds, to support the needs to expand the conservation areas in the future. Data was collected from various databases of zoological museums and collections, and field sampling methods conducted from January 2009 to May 2011. Potential distributions were modeled for 284 species using GARP software and then a map was developed to determine areas with favorable environmental characteristics for the distribution of species richness. Finally, the importance of conservation areas for the potential distribution of birds in the region was evaluated. A total of 359 species were recorded of which 71.4% are permanent residents, 19% are winter migrants and 4% are summer residents. From this total, 41 species were endemic, 47 were species at risk and 149 were neotropical migrants. The largest species richness correspond to oak forests, cloud forests, and tropical moist forests located at altitudes from 100m to 1 500m. Their potential distribution was concentrated towards the center and Southeast of the study area. Only 10% of areas with a high potential conservation was included in areas of priority for bird conservation (AICA) and just 3% of all potential areas were under some governmental category of protection. However, no conservation area has a management plan currently applied and monitored. The information generated is important for the development of management proposals for birds conservation in the region.

Steroids in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nossen, Ida; Ciesielski, Tomasz M; Dimmen, Malene V

2016-01-01

. In male house sparrows, ornamental traits involved in male quality signalling are important for female selection. These traits are governed by endocrinological systems, and POPs may therefore interfere with male quality signalling. The aim of the present study was to use the house sparrow as a mid......At high trophic levels, environmental contaminants have been found to affect endocrinological processes. Less attention has been paid to species at lower trophic levels. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) may be a useful model for investigating effects of POPs in mid-range trophic level species......-range trophic level model species to study the effects of environmental contaminants on endocrinology and male quality signalling. We analysed the levels of selected PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs and investigated the possible effects of these contaminants on circulating levels of steroid hormones (4 progestagens, 4...

Reflecting on the Relationship Between Human Beings and Sparrows

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jyoti Trehan Sharma

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Birdman of India, Salim Moizuddin Abdul Ali, was one of the first Indians to conduct a systematic and patterned survey of birds in India. W.S. Millard, the Secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS had introduced Salim Ali to the beautiful world of the birds. Millard had identified an unusually coloured sparrow that was actually shot by a young Salim Ali with his air gun. This was a yellow-throated sparrow. Following this, Millard showed Salim Ali the Society’s collection of stuffed birds, and this became the beginning of a marvelous journey of exploring the bird kingdom and establishing great landmarks by Salim Ali. The sparrow had transformed Salim Ali’s world. Undoubtedly, his autobiography was later titled ‘The Fall of a Sparrow’. Salim Ali has very carefully noted in his autobiography as to how this yellow-throated sparrow became the turning point in his life that led him into the fascinating world of ornithology. This research contribution is not about the birdman but the bird, which is rapidly vanishing from our vicinity. The reasons for the decline of the sparrow are varied but the fact of the matter is that the natural world around us is rapidly receding. And the decline of the sparrow is an alarm, a warning against the degrading ecosystems, and an alarm against blind-folded urbanisation which is leading to human-induced disasters.

Section 3. The SPARROW Surface Water-Quality Model: Theory, Application and User Documentation

Science.gov (United States)

Schwarz, G.E.; Hoos, A.B.; Alexander, R.B.; Smith, R.A.

2006-01-01

SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) is a watershed modeling technique for relating water-quality measurements made at a network of monitoring stations to attributes of the watersheds containing the stations. The core of the model consists of a nonlinear regression equation describing the non-conservative transport of contaminants from point and diffuse sources on land to rivers and through the stream and river network. The model predicts contaminant flux, concentration, and yield in streams and has been used to evaluate alternative hypotheses about the important contaminant sources and watershed properties that control transport over large spatial scales. This report provides documentation for the SPARROW modeling technique and computer software to guide users in constructing and applying basic SPARROW models. The documentation gives details of the SPARROW software, including the input data and installation requirements, and guidance in the specification, calibration, and application of basic SPARROW models, as well as descriptions of the model output and its interpretation. The documentation is intended for both researchers and water-resource managers with interest in using the results of existing models and developing and applying new SPARROW models. The documentation of the model is presented in two parts. Part 1 provides a theoretical and practical introduction to SPARROW modeling techniques, which includes a discussion of the objectives, conceptual attributes, and model infrastructure of SPARROW. Part 1 also includes background on the commonly used model specifications and the methods for estimating and evaluating parameters, evaluating model fit, and generating water-quality predictions and measures of uncertainty. Part 2 provides a user's guide to SPARROW, which includes a discussion of the software architecture and details of the model input requirements and output files, graphs, and maps. The text documentation and computer

Fitogeografía de la Sierra Monte Grande, Charcas, San Luis Potosí, México

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Reyes Agüero J. Antonio

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Monte Grande is a small (41.8 km mountain range located at the southernmost part of the northern plateau of Mexico. It has a dry climate and its vegetation is characterized by pinyon woodland, oak scrub and three kinds of xerophytic scrub. Based on its flora of 397 species, we analyzed the historie phytogeography of Monte Grande, using only the taxa (families, genera and species that have a restricted distribution. At the family level, we identified three patterns of distribution: 1 from North America to northern South America; 2 mostly in the American continent; 3 families related to the Mediterranean region. At the genus level, five patterns were identified: 1 endemic of arid and semiarid lands of Mexico and adjacent regions of the United States; 2 from southern United States to Central America; 3 broadly distributed, but highly related to the Antillean region; 4 with Mediterranean relations; 5 disjunct or vicariant between the arid lands of North and South America. At the species level, nine patterns of distribution were identified: 1 septentrional plateau; 2 meridional plateau; 3 all plateaus and adjacent regions; 4 all plateaus-Sierra Madre de Oaxaca; 5 all plateaus-northwestern coast plain; 6 all plateaus-both coastal plains; 7 all plateaus-northeastern coastal plain; 8 Mexican xerophytic region; 9 all plateaus-both sierras Madre. These patterns are unlikely to be accidental, as they agree with recent theories about the process that led to the present landform configuration of the American Continent. On the basis of this interpretation, we postulate a major role of the Caribbean and the Former Mediterranean in the florigenesis of present linages of the arid and semiarid lands of Mexico.La sierra Monte Grande, con una extensión de 41.8 km, se localiza en el sur de la altiplanicie septentrional de México. Tiene un clima seco (8So y en ella prevalecen los matorrales xerófilos, piñonares y encinares. A partir de su flora, compuesta por 397

The House Sparrows Passer domesticus and Tree Sparrows Passer montanus: fine-scale distribution, population densities, and habitat selection in a Central European city

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šálek, Martin; Riegert, J.; Grill, S.

2015-01-01

Roč. 50, č. 2 (2015), s. 221-232 ISSN 0001-6454 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : House Sparrow * Tree Sparrow * urban environment * city green * built-up area * habitat selection * nest-site selection Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 0.837, year: 2015

Experiencias encarnadas. Representaciones audiovisuales de madre(s) y maternidad(es)

OpenAIRE

Brigidi, Serena

2014-01-01

[ES] El artículo presenta una reflexión encarnada sobre la experiencia de ser madre y las representaciones de la maternidad en la cultura occidental, en anuncios y series televisivas, documentales y películas. Habitualmente, la maternidad es imaginada como el producto (tener un hijo, convertirse en madre) y no como el arduo proceso que representa a lo largo de la vida de una persona. Se opta por presentarla con un carácter universal y se usa como una estrategia cinematográfica cua...

Using Cape Sable seaside sparrow distribution data for water management decision support

Science.gov (United States)

Beerens, James M.; Romañach, Stephanie

2016-01-01

The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis; hereafter sparrow) is endemic to south Florida and a key indicator species of marl prairie, the most diverse freshwater community in the Florida Everglades. Marl prairie habitat is shaped by intermediate levels of disturbances such as flooding, drying, and fire, which maintain periphyton production (Gaiser et al. 2011), vegetation composition (Sah et al. 2011), and habitat structure for wildlife (Lockwood et al. 2003). Historically, patches of marl prairie shifted in response to changing climatic conditions,; however, habitat loss and hydrologic alteration have restricted the sparrow’s range and increased their sensitivity to changing hydropatterns. As a result, sparrow numbers have declined as much as 60% range-wide since 1992 (Curnutt et al. 1998, Nott et al. 1998). Currently, the sparrow is restricted to the freshwater prairies of the Everglades National Park (ENP) and Big Cypress Preserve (Lockwood et al. 1997). Because this non-migratory bird is restricted in its range it was among the first species to be listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service on March 11, 1967 (Pimm et al. 2000). Now protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the sparrow is listed as an endangered species, and the marl prairies that it resides in are listed as critical habitat. Since its designation as an endangered species, federal agencies have a statutory obligation to not jeopardize the survival of the species or modify its critical habitat. However, there are still uncertainties in how to increase suitable habitat within and surrounding the six existing sparrow subpopulations (Fig. 1) which are vulnerable to environmental stochasticity because of their small population size and restricted range. Since Because maintenance and creation of suitable habitat is seen as the most important pathway to the persistence of sparrow subpopulations (Sustainable Ecosystems Institute 2007), emphasis should be on

Henslow's sparrow winter-survival estimates and response to prescribed burning

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Thatcher, B.S.; Krementz, D.G.; Woodrey, M.S.

2006-01-01

Wintering Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) populations rely on lands managed with prescribed burning, but the effects of various burn regimes on their overwinter survival are unknown. We studied wintering Henslow's sparrows in coastal pine savannas at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Mississippi, USA, during January and February 2001 and 2002. We used the known-fate modeling procedure in program MARK to evaluate the effects of burn age (1 or 2 growing seasons elapsed), burn season (growing, dormant), and calendar year on the survival rates of 83 radiomarked Henslow's sparrows. We found strong evidence that Henslow's sparrow survival rates differed by burn age (with higher survival in recently burned sites) and by year (with lower survival rates in 2001 likely because of drought conditions). We found some evidence that survival rates also differed by bum season (with higher survival in growing-season sites), although the effects of burn season were only apparent in recently burned sites. Avian predation was the suspected major cause of mortality (causing 6 of 14 deaths) with 1 confirmed loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) depredation. Our results indicated that recently burned savannas provide high-quality wintering habitats and suggested that managers can improve conditions for wintering Henslow's sparrows by burning a large percentage of savannas each year.

Developmental adjustments of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings to diet composition.

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Brzek, Paweł; Kohl, Kevin; Caviedes-Vidal, Enrique; Karasov, William H

2009-05-01

House sparrow nestlings are fed primarily on insects during the first 3 days of their life, and seeds become gradually more important afterwards. We tested whether developmental changes in size and functional capacity of the digestive tract in young house sparrows are genetically hard-wired and independent of diet, or can be modified by food type. Under laboratory conditions, we hand-fed young house sparrows with either a starch-free insect-like diet, based mainly on protein and fat, or a starch-containing diet with a mix of substrates similar to that offered to older nestlings in natural nests when they are gradually weaned from an insect to a seed diet. Patterns of overall development in body size and thermoregulatory ability, and in alimentary organ size increase, were relatively similar in house sparrow nestlings developing on both diets. However, total intestinal maltase activity, important in carbohydrate breakdown, was at least twice as high in house sparrow nestlings fed the starch-containing diet (PFuture studies must test whether the diet-dependent increase in maltase activity during development is irreversible or reversible, reflecting, respectively, a developmental plasticity or a phenotypic flexibility.

Entre Madres: Talleres de Comunicación

OpenAIRE

Cardoso Moreno, María Jesús; Aragonés, Lucía Tomás

2015-01-01

En el presente artículo se expone el trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue conocer el grado de satisfacción de las madres con un taller de formación denominado "Entremadres". Las 150 mujeres madres que participaron en el taller en la ciudad de Zaragoza, España, se conformaron en un grupo de 7 u 8 madres y estuvo compuesto por seis sesiones de dos horas cada una, entre los años 2008 y 2013. Este taller fue dirigido a madres con hijos de edades comprendidas entre 2 y 16 años. La frecuencia...

To flock or fight: neurochemical signatures of divergent life histories in sparrows.

Science.gov (United States)

Goodson, James L; Wilson, Leah C; Schrock, Sara E

2012-06-26

Many bird species exhibit dramatic seasonal switches between territoriality and flocking, but whereas neuroendocrine mechanisms of territorial aggression have been extensively studied, those of seasonal flocking are unknown. We collected brains in spring and winter from male field sparrows (Spizella pusilla), which seasonally flock, and male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which are territorial year-round in much of their range. Spring collections were preceded by field-based assessments of aggression. Tissue series were immunofluorescently multilabeled for vasotocin, mesotocin (MT), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, and aromatase, and labeling densities were measured in many socially relevant brain areas. Extensive seasonal differences are shared by both species. Many measures correlate significantly with both individual and species differences in aggression, likely reflecting evolved mechanisms that differentiate the less aggressive field sparrow from the more aggressive song sparrow. Winter-specific species differences include a substantial increase of MT and CRH immunoreactivity in the dorsal lateral septum (LS) and medial amygdala of field sparrows but not song sparrows. These species differences likely relate to flocking rather than the suppression of winter aggression in field sparrows, because similar winter differences were found for two other emberizids that are not territorial in winter--dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), which seasonally flock, and eastern towhees (Pipilo erythropthalmus), which do not flock. MT signaling in the dorsal LS is also associated with year-round species differences in grouping in estrildid finches, suggesting that common mechanisms are targeted during the evolution of different life histories.

Assessing the role of conspecific attraction in habitat restoration for Henslow's sparrows in Iowa

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Vogel, Jennifer A.; Koford, Rolf R.; Otis, David L.

2011-01-01

The presence of conspecific individuals may provide important cues about habitat quality for territorial songbirds. We tested the ability of a conspecific song playback system to attract Henslow’s sparrows to previously unoccupied restored habitat. We successfully attracted Heslow’s sparrows to 3 of 7 treatment plots using conspecific song playbacks and we found no Henslow’s sparrows in control plots. The addition of social cues using playback systems in restored grassland habitats may aid conservation efforts of Henslow’s sparrows to available habitat.

Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism of the Black-throated Sparrow in central Arizona

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, M.J.; van Riper, Charles

2004-01-01

From 1994-1996 we investigated effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) nesting success in the Verde Valley of central Arizona. Of 56 Black-throated Sparrow nests, 52% were parasitized. Black-throated Sparrows appear to respond to natural parasitism by accepting the cowbird egg, deserting the nest, or burying the cowbird egg. Removal and damage of host eggs by female cowbirds effectively reduced clutch size from an average of 3.4 to 1.9 eggs. Because of this reduced clutch size, Black-throated Sparrow reproductive success was significantly lower in parasitized nests (0.2 young fledged/ nest) as compared to nonparasitized nests (1.6 young fledged/nest). When comparing cowbird parasitism between two habitat types, we found significantly higher parasitism frequencies in crucifixion-thorn (Canotia holacantha) versus creosote-bush (Larrea divaricata) habitat. We argue that this difference in parasitism is due to the greater number of tall perches (e.g., shrubs >4 m) available in crucifixion-thorn habitat, providing vantage points for female cowbirds to better find Black-throated Sparrow nests.

Steroids in house sparrows (Passer domesticus): Effects of POPs and male quality signalling.

Science.gov (United States)

Nossen, Ida; Ciesielski, Tomasz M; Dimmen, Malene V; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Polder, Anuschka; Rønning, Bernt; Jenssen, Bjørn M; Styrishave, Bjarne

2016-03-15

At high trophic levels, environmental contaminants have been found to affect endocrinological processes. Less attention has been paid to species at lower trophic levels. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) may be a useful model for investigating effects of POPs in mid-range trophic level species. In male house sparrows, ornamental traits involved in male quality signalling are important for female selection. These traits are governed by endocrinological systems, and POPs may therefore interfere with male quality signalling. The aim of the present study was to use the house sparrow as a mid-range trophic level model species to study the effects of environmental contaminants on endocrinology and male quality signalling. We analysed the levels of selected PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs and investigated the possible effects of these contaminants on circulating levels of steroid hormones (4 progestagens, 4 androgens and 3 estrogens) in male and female adult house sparrows from a population on the island Leka, Norway. Plasma samples were analysed for steroid hormones by GC-MS and liver samples were analysed for environmental contaminants by GC-ECD and GC-MS. In males, we also quantified ornament traits. It was hypothesised that POPs may have endocrine disrupting effects on the local house sparrow population and can thus interfere with the steroid hormone homeostasis. Among female house sparrows, bivariate correlations revealed negative relationships between POPs and estrogens. Among male sparrows, positive relationships between dihydrotestosterone levels and PCBs were observed. In males, positive relationships were also found between steroids and beak length, and between steroids and ornamental traits such as total badge size. This was confirmed by a significant OPLS model between beak length and steroids. Although sparrows are in the mid-range trophic levels, the present study indicates that POPs may affect steroid homeostasis in house sparrows, in particular for females. For

Status assessment and conservation plan for the Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)

Science.gov (United States)

Ruth, Janet M.

2015-01-01

The Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) breeds in grassland habitats throughout much of the U.S., southern and southeastern Canada, and northern Mexico. Additional subspecies are resident in Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean. It winters primarily in the coastal states of the southeastern U.S., southern portions of the southwestern states, and in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species prefers relatively open grassland with intermediate grass height and density and patchy bare ground; because it is widely distributed across different grassland types in North America, it selects different vegetation structure and species composition depending on what is available. In the winter, they use a broader range of grassland habitats including open grasslands, as well as weedy fields and grasslands with woody vegetation. Analyses show significant range-wide population declines from the late 1960s through the present, primarily caused by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Grasshopper Sparrow is still a relatively common and broadly distributed species, but because of significant population declines and stakeholder concerns, the species is considered of conservation concern nationally and at the state level for numerous states. Many factors, often related to different grassland management practices (e.g., grazing, burning, mowing, management of shrub encroachment, etc.) throughout the species’ range, have impacts on Grasshopper Sparrow distribution, abundance, and reproduction and may represent limiting factors or threats given steep declines in this species’ population. Because of the concerns for this species, Grasshopper Sparrow has been identified as a focal species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and this Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for Grasshopper Sparrow has been developed. Through literature searches and input from stakeholders across its range, this plan presents information about

Avian metapneumovirus subtype B experimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows, and pigeons.

Science.gov (United States)

Gharaibeh, S; Shamoun, M

2012-07-01

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a respiratory virus that infects a range of avian hosts, including chickens and turkeys. Migratory and local wild birds are implicated in aMPV spread among farms, countries, and seasonal outbreaks of the disease. A subtype B aMPV isolate from commercial chicken flocks suffering from respiratory disease was experimentally inoculated oculonasally into 7-week old chickens, young pigeons, and sparrows. Chickens showed minimal tracheal rales, whereas pigeons and sparrows were asymptomatic. Shedding of aMPV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on homogenates from nasal turbinates. At 5 days postinfection, 5 of 5 chickens, 2 of 5 pigeons, and 1 of 5 sparrows were positive; at 10 or 15 days, none were positive. At 2 and 5 days, aMPV antigens were localized at the ciliated boarder of respiratory epithelium in nasal cavity and trachea of chickens, as well as to the conjunctival epithelium. Pigeons had detectable viral antigens in only the trachea at 2 and 5 days; sparrow tissues did not show any positive staining. At the end of the experiment, at 21 days postinfection, 14 of 15 inoculated chickens seroconverted against aMPV, but none of the inoculated pigeons or sparrows did. The authors believe that pigeons and sparrows have the ability to transmit the virus between chicken farms, although they do not consider pigeons and sparrows as natural hosts for aMPV, given that they failed to seroconvert. In conclusion, pigeons and sparrows are partially susceptible to aMPV infection, probably acting more as mechanical vectors because infection is only temporary and short-lived.

Distribución geográfica de la avifauna en la Sierra Madre Oriental de San Luis Potosí, México: un análisis regional de su estado de conservación Geographic distribution of birds in the Sierra Madre Oriental of San Luis Potosí, México: a regional analysis of conservation status

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Sahagún Sánchez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La región de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO en el estado de San Luis Potosí en México es considerada un sitio de relevancia para la conservación de la avifauna a nivel nacional. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución geográfica de las aves en la zona para identificar las áreas con mayor concentración de la riqueza y evaluar su estado actual de conservación para fundamentar la necesidad de incrementar la superficie dedicada a las áreas naturales protegidas en el futuro. Se recolectó información proveniente de diversas bases de datos de colecciones y museos, además de realizar trabajo de campo en el periodo de enero 2009 a Mayo 2011. Se modelaron las distribuciones potenciales para 284 especies con el programa GARP y se elaboró un mapa de consenso para determinar la ubicación espacial de las áreas con condiciones ambientales para soportar el mayor número de especies. Finalmente, se evaluó la representatividad de las zonas dedicadas a la conservación para las aves. Se registraron 357 especies, de las cuales el 71.4% son residentes permanentes, 19% son migratorias de invierno y 3.9% residentes de verano. Del total, 41 especies son endémicas y 48 se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo; la mayor concentración de especies se presentó en las coberturas de bosques de encino, bosques mesófilos y selvas medianas y bajas caducifolias, en un intervalo altitudinal entre 100-1 500m con una más alta cantidad de nichos en la parte centro y hacia el sur y este de la región. Sólo el 10% de las zonas con alto potencial de número de especies está incluido como área de importancia para la conservación de las aves y el 3% del total de áreas potenciales está bajo alguna categoría estatal de protección; sin embargo, ninguna de las áreas tiene un plan de manejo que esté siendo aplicado y monitoreado. La información generada es importante para el desarrollo de propuestas de conservación para las

House Sparrows Do Not Constitute a Significant Salmonella Typhimurium Reservoir across Urban Gradients in Flanders, Belgium.

Science.gov (United States)

Rouffaer, Lieze Oscar; Lens, Luc; Haesendonck, Roel; Teyssier, Aimeric; Hudin, Noraine Salleh; Strubbe, Diederik; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Pasmans, Frank; Martel, An

2016-01-01

In recent decades major declines in urban house sparrow (Passer domesticus) populations have been observed in north-western European cities, whereas suburban and rural house sparrow populations have remained relatively stable or are recovering from previous declines. Differential exposure to avian pathogens known to cause epidemics in house sparrows may in part explain this spatial pattern of declines. Here we investigate the potential effect of urbanization on the development of a bacterial pathogen reservoir in free-ranging house sparrows. This was achieved by comparing the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium in 364 apparently healthy house sparrows captured in urban, suburban and rural regions across Flanders, Belgium between September 2013 and March 2014. In addition 12 dead birds, received from bird rescue centers, were necropsied. The apparent absence of Salmonella Typhimurium in fecal samples of healthy birds, and the identification of only one house sparrow seropositive for Salmonella spp., suggests that during the winter of 2013-2014 these birds did not represent any considerable Salmonella Typhimurium reservoir in Belgium and thus may be considered naïve hosts, susceptible to clinical infection. This susceptibility is demonstrated by the isolation of two different Salmonella Typhimurium strains from two of the deceased house sparrows: one DT99, typically associated with disease in pigeons, and one DT195, previously associated with a passerine decline. The apparent absence (prevalence: house sparrows and the association of infection with clinical disease suggests that the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on house sparrows is largely driven by the risk of exogenous exposure to pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium strains. However, no inference could be made on a causal relationship between Salmonella infection and the observed house sparrow population declines.

preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estudio transversal (2006-2007, en la comunidad mazahua de San Francisco Tepeolulco, Municipio de Temascalcingo; que incluyó a 85 hogares integrados por preescolares con desnutrición inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Se determinó el estado nutrición de los preescolares con indicadores antropométricos y se obtuvo el IMC de las madres de estos infantes. Se aplicó una encuesta socionutricional, incluida el recordatorio de 24 horas, y complementado con la observación participante (cualitativa. Se encontró que 83% de las madres mazahuas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El estado de nutrición de los preescolares con madres con obesidad presentó un porcentaje mayor de desnutrición (76%. En la variable género, se encontró que 54% de los niños con madres con obesidad tenía baja talla. Al relacionar el nivel educativo de la madre, esta variable resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p=0.015, donde el analfabetismo está más relacionado con la desnutrición infantil que tienen madres de bajo y/o peso normal. La elevada prevalencia de hogares conformados con preescolares con desnutrición y madres con obesidad, es un síntoma más de la pobreza en zonas indígenas en México, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano.

Evidence for mito-nuclear and sex-linked reproductive barriers between the hybrid Italian sparrow and its parent species.

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Cassandra N Trier

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Studies of reproductive isolation between homoploid hybrid species and their parent species have rarely been carried out. Here we investigate reproductive barriers between a recently recognized hybrid bird species, the Italian sparrow Passer italiae and its parent species, the house sparrow P. domesticus and Spanish sparrow P. hispaniolensis. Reproductive barriers can be difficult to study in hybrid species due to lack of geographical contact between taxa. However, the Italian sparrow lives parapatrically with the house sparrow and both sympatrically and parapatrically with the Spanish sparrow. Through whole-transcriptome sequencing of six individuals of each of the two parent species we identified a set of putatively parent species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP markers. After filtering for coverage, genotyping success (>97% and multiple SNPs per gene, we retained 86 species-informative, genic, nuclear and mitochondrial SNP markers from 84 genes for analysis of 612 male individuals. We show that a disproportionately large number of sex-linked genes, as well as the mitochondria and nuclear genes with mitochondrial function, exhibit sharp clines at the boundaries between the hybrid and the parent species, suggesting a role for mito-nuclear and sex-linked incompatibilities in forming reproductive barriers. We suggest that genomic conflict via interactions between mitochondria and sex-linked genes with mitochondrial function ("mother's curse" at one boundary and centromeric drive at the other may best explain our findings. Hybrid speciation in the Italian sparrow may therefore be influenced by mechanisms similar to those involved in non-hybrid speciation, but with the formation of two geographically separated species boundaries instead of one. Spanish sparrow alleles at some loci have spread north to form reproductive barriers with house sparrows, while house sparrow alleles at different loci, including some on the same chromosome

C??lulas madre en terapia celular card??aca

OpenAIRE

Lobo Gonz??lez, Manuel

2013-01-01

La enfermedad cardiovascular, y su frecuente resultado final, el fallo card??aco del ventr??culo izquierdo, son la principal causa de morbimortalidad en los pa??ses desarrollados. La investigaci??n con c??lulas madre podr??a regenerar una variedad de c??lulas que incluye a los cardiomiocitos. Se han utilizado diferentes fuentes celulares para la terapia regenerativa card??aca, incluyendo c??lulas madre card??acas, mioblastos de m??sculo esquel??tico, c??lulas madre derivadas de la...

Characterization of mercury and its risk in Nelson's, Saltmarsh, and Seaside Sparrows.

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Virginia L Winder

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Nelson's, Saltmarsh, and Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni, A. caudacutus, and A. maritimus, respectively depend on marsh and wetland habitats--ecosystems in which mercury (Hg bioavailability is notoriously high. The purpose of the present study was to address the potential impact of Hg on these species using first primary and breast feathers as non-destructive biomonitoring tools. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Feathers were sampled from wintering sparrows in North Carolina salt marshes (2006-2010. Feather Hg data were used in three risk analysis components (1 Threshold Component--examined feather Hg with regard to published negative effects thresholds; (2 Hg Dynamics Component--examined Hg in sparrows captured multiple times; and (3 Capture Frequency and Survival Component--tested for links between Hg and return frequency and survival. Threshold Component analyses indicated that Hg concentrations in 42-77% of sampled individuals (breast feather n = 879; first primary feather n = 663 were within the range associated with decreased reproduction in other avian species. Hg Dynamics Component analyses demonstrated that Hg increased between first and second captures for Nelson's (n = 9 and Seaside Sparrows (n = 23. Capture Frequency and Survival Component analyses detected a negative relationship between Hg and capture frequency in Nelson's Sparrows (n = 315. However, MARK models detected no effect of Hg on apparent survival in any species. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that current Hg exposure places a considerable proportion of each population at risk. In particular, 52% of all sampled Saltmarsh Sparrows exhibited first primary feather Hg concentrations exceeding those associated with a >60% reduction in reproductive success in other species. This study reports evidence for net annual bioaccumulation, indicating an increased risk in older individuals. These data can be used to inform future population

Characterization of mercury and its risk in Nelson's, Saltmarsh, and Seaside Sparrows.

Science.gov (United States)

Winder, Virginia L

2012-01-01

Nelson's, Saltmarsh, and Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni, A. caudacutus, and A. maritimus, respectively) depend on marsh and wetland habitats--ecosystems in which mercury (Hg) bioavailability is notoriously high. The purpose of the present study was to address the potential impact of Hg on these species using first primary and breast feathers as non-destructive biomonitoring tools. Feathers were sampled from wintering sparrows in North Carolina salt marshes (2006-2010). Feather Hg data were used in three risk analysis components (1) Threshold Component--examined feather Hg with regard to published negative effects thresholds; (2) Hg Dynamics Component--examined Hg in sparrows captured multiple times; and (3) Capture Frequency and Survival Component--tested for links between Hg and return frequency and survival. Threshold Component analyses indicated that Hg concentrations in 42-77% of sampled individuals (breast feather n = 879; first primary feather n = 663) were within the range associated with decreased reproduction in other avian species. Hg Dynamics Component analyses demonstrated that Hg increased between first and second captures for Nelson's (n = 9) and Seaside Sparrows (n = 23). Capture Frequency and Survival Component analyses detected a negative relationship between Hg and capture frequency in Nelson's Sparrows (n = 315). However, MARK models detected no effect of Hg on apparent survival in any species. This study indicates that current Hg exposure places a considerable proportion of each population at risk. In particular, 52% of all sampled Saltmarsh Sparrows exhibited first primary feather Hg concentrations exceeding those associated with a >60% reduction in reproductive success in other species. This study reports evidence for net annual bioaccumulation, indicating an increased risk in older individuals. These data can be used to inform future population assessments and management for these species.

Effects of urbanization on host-pathogen interactions, using Yersinia in house sparrows as a model

Science.gov (United States)

Strubbe, Diederik; Teyssier, Aimeric; Salleh Hudin, Noraine; Van den Abeele, Anne-Marie; Cox, Ivo; Haesendonck, Roel; Delmée, Michel; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Pasmans, Frank; Lens, Luc; Martel, An

2017-01-01

Urbanization strongly affects biodiversity, altering natural communities and often leading to a reduced species richness. Yet, despite its increasingly recognized importance, how urbanization impacts on the health of individual animals, wildlife populations and on disease ecology remains poorly understood. To test whether, and how, urbanization-driven ecosystem alterations influence pathogen dynamics and avian health, we use house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Yersinia spp. (pathogenic for passerines) as a case study. Sparrows are granivorous urban exploiters, whose western European populations have declined over the past decades, especially in highly urbanized areas. We sampled 329 house sparrows originating from 36 populations along an urbanization gradient across Flanders (Belgium), and used isolation combined with ‘matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry’ (MALDI-TOF MS) and PCR methods for detecting the presence of different Yersinia species. Yersinia spp. were recovered from 57.43% of the sampled house sparrows, of which 4.06%, 53.30% and 69.54% were identified as Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica and other Yersinia species, respectively. Presence of Yersinia was related to the degree of urbanization, average daily temperatures and the community of granivorous birds present at sparrow capture locations. Body condition of suburban house sparrows was found to be higher compared to urban and rural house sparrows, but no relationships between sparrows’ body condition and presence of Yersinia spp. were found. We conclude that two determinants of pathogen infection dynamics, body condition and pathogen occurrence, vary along an urbanization gradient, potentially mediating the impact of urbanization on avian health. PMID:29281672

78 FR 19530 - RG Steel Sparrows Point LLC, Formerly Known as Severstal Sparrows Point LLC, a Subsidiary of RG...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-01

... Leased Workers From Echelon Service Company, Sun Associated Industries, Inc., MPI Consultants LLC... Services LLC, and Recycling & Treatment Technologies of Baltimore, LLC Sparrows Point, Maryland; Amended... Service Company, Sun Associated Industries, Inc., MPI Consultants LLC, Alliance Engineering, Inc...

78 FR 40511 - RG Steel Sparrows Point LLC, Formerly Known as Severstal Sparrows Point LLC, a Subsidiary of RG...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-05

... Leased Workers From Echelon Service Company, Sun Associated Industries, Inc., MPI Consultants Llc... Services LLC, Recycling & Treatment Technologies of Baltimore, Llc, and Lafarge North America, Sparrows... leased workers from Echelon Service Company, Sun Associated Industries, Inc., MPI Consultants LLC...

Male Rock Sparrow (Petronia petronia) Nest Defence Correlates with Female Ornament Size

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Griggio, Matteo; Matessi, Giuliano; Pilastro, Andrea

2003-01-01

We investigated the relationship between male nest defence and female breast patch size in an alpine population of rock sparrow (Petronia petronia) in northern Italy. We presented a mounted weasel (Mustela nivalis), a common nest predator, to 28 pairs breeding in nest boxes, with 12-13-d-old nest......We investigated the relationship between male nest defence and female breast patch size in an alpine population of rock sparrow (Petronia petronia) in northern Italy. We presented a mounted weasel (Mustela nivalis), a common nest predator, to 28 pairs breeding in nest boxes, with 12-13-d...... defence factor was significantly related only to female breast patch size. We argue that male rock sparrows apparently make parental investment decisions according to their mate's quality, and examine possible alternative hypotheses....

Mass-dependent predation risk as a mechanism for house sparrow declines?

OpenAIRE

MacLeod, Ross; Barnett, Phil; Clark, Jacquie; Cresswell, Will

2005-01-01

House sparrow (Passer domesticus) numbers have declined rapidly in both rural and urban habitats across Western Europe over the last 30 years, leading to their inclusion on the UK conservation red list. The decline in farmland has been linked to a reduction in winter survival caused by reduced food supply. This reduction in food supply is associated with agricultural intensification that has led to the loss of seed-rich winter stubble and access to spilt grain. However, urban house sparrows h...

Mercury in Nelson's Sparrow subspecies at breeding sites.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginia L Winder

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Mercury is a persistent, biomagnifying contaminant that can cause negative effects on ecosystems. Marshes are often areas of relatively high mercury methylation and bioaccumulation. Nelson's Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni use marsh habitats year-round and have been documented to exhibit tissue mercury concentrations that exceed negative effects thresholds. We sought to further characterize the potential risk of Nelson's Sparrows to mercury exposure by sampling individuals from sites within the range of each of its subspecies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: From 2009 to 2011, we captured adult Nelson's Sparrows at sites within the breeding range of each subspecies (A. n. nelsoni: Grand Forks and Upham, North Dakota; A. n. alterus: Moosonee, Ontario; and A. n. subvirgatus: Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick and sampled breast feathers, the first primary feather (P1, and blood for total mercury analysis. Mean blood mercury in nelsoni individuals captured near Grand Forks ranged from 0.84 ± 0.37 to 1.65 ± 1.02 SD ppm among years, between 2.0 and 4.9 times as high as concentrations at the other sites (P<0.01. Breast feather mercury did not vary among sites within a given sampling year (site means ranged from 0.98 ± 0.69 to 2.71 ± 2.93 ppm. Mean P1 mercury in alterus (2.96 ± 1.84 ppm fw was significantly lower than in any other sampled population (5.25 ± 2.24-6.77 ± 3.51 ppm; P ≤ 0.03. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study further characterized mercury in Nelson's Sparrows near Grand Forks; we documented localized and potentially harmful mercury concentrations, indicating that this area may represent a biological mercury hotspot. This finding warrants further research to determine if wildlife populations of conservation or recreational interest in this area may be experiencing negative effects due to mercury exposure. We present preliminary conclusions about the risk of each sampled population to mercury exposure.

Mercury in Nelson's Sparrow Subspecies at Breeding Sites

Science.gov (United States)

Winder, Virginia L.; Emslie, Steven D.

2012-01-01

Background Mercury is a persistent, biomagnifying contaminant that can cause negative effects on ecosystems. Marshes are often areas of relatively high mercury methylation and bioaccumulation. Nelson's Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni) use marsh habitats year-round and have been documented to exhibit tissue mercury concentrations that exceed negative effects thresholds. We sought to further characterize the potential risk of Nelson's Sparrows to mercury exposure by sampling individuals from sites within the range of each of its subspecies. Methodology/Principal Findings From 2009 to 2011, we captured adult Nelson's Sparrows at sites within the breeding range of each subspecies (A. n. nelsoni: Grand Forks and Upham, North Dakota; A. n. alterus: Moosonee, Ontario; and A. n. subvirgatus: Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick) and sampled breast feathers, the first primary feather (P1), and blood for total mercury analysis. Mean blood mercury in nelsoni individuals captured near Grand Forks ranged from 0.84±0.37 to 1.65±1.02 SD ppm among years, between 2.0 and 4.9 times as high as concentrations at the other sites (Pmercury did not vary among sites within a given sampling year (site means ranged from 0.98±0.69 to 2.71±2.93 ppm). Mean P1 mercury in alterus (2.96±1.84 ppm fw) was significantly lower than in any other sampled population (5.25±2.24–6.77±3.51 ppm; P≤0.03). Conclusions/Significance Our study further characterized mercury in Nelson's Sparrows near Grand Forks; we documented localized and potentially harmful mercury concentrations, indicating that this area may represent a biological mercury hotspot. This finding warrants further research to determine if wildlife populations of conservation or recreational interest in this area may be experiencing negative effects due to mercury exposure. We present preliminary conclusions about the risk of each sampled population to mercury exposure. PMID:22384194

Aquilo que nomeia lei: a Madre Tierra

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Zanella Rodrigues

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Este texto é sustentado teoricamente na Análise do Discurso de viés pêcheuxtiano e tem por corpus dois textos legais: a Ley de Derechos de La Madre Tierra (Ley nº 71/2010 e a Ley Marco de La Madre Tierra y Desarrollo Integral para Vivir Bien (Ley nº 300/2012 aprovadas na Bolívia. A irrupção da Madre Tierra como nome de lei faz ecoar, do lugar da voz dos povos originários, a memória cosmovisionária como discurso da resistência contra o silenciamento de uma história.  Ao atentar para o processo de subjetivação e os ruídos que este acontecimento pode ocasionar, há por objetivo analisar que efeitos de sentido e deslocamentos teóricos são produzidos a partir das formas de nomear, designar, referenciar, subjetivar a Madre Tierra na sua materialização linguístico-discursiva num texto legal. E como se podem operar os conceitos de falta, excesso e estranhamento (ERNST, 2009 no trabalho de análise do nome que nomeia uma lei.

Male rock sparrows differentially allocate nest defence but not food provisioning to offspring

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Matessi, Giuliano; Carmagnani, Cristina; Griggio, Matteo

2009-01-01

for a number of species, while male differential allocation based on female secondary sexual traits has received less attention. Yet females of many species, among birds in particular, are ornamented. We performed a test of male differential allocation based on a female ornament in the rock sparrow (Petronia...... allocation and are in agreement with previous tests of male differential allocation in rock sparrows....

Lactancia materna exclusiva: ¿la conocen las madres realmente?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yeis Miguel Borre Ortiz

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud declara que la lactancia materna es un hábito ligado íntimamente a la supervivencia de la especie humana desde tiempo inmemorial. A nivel mundial, únicamente el 35% de los bebés son amamantados durante sus primeros cuatro meses de vida. La literatura evidencia que aún existen madres que desconocen su importancia. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar si las madres de una localidad determinada de Santa Marta, conocían los beneficios y consecuencias de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, en el que se encuestaron 90 madres que acudieron al Centro de Salud 11 de Noviembre de Santa Marta (Colombia; seleccionadas por muestreo intencional, no probabilístico. Se preservaron aspectos éticos y metodológicos que dieran cuenta del rigor científico correspondiente. Resultados: De las 90 madres encuestadas, el 51% tiene edades entre 15 a 25 años, el 30% entre 26 a 35 años, y el 19% son mayores de 35 años. El 85.6% posee conocimientos adecuados sobre lactancia materna exclusiva. El 48.9% conoce la técnica de amamantamiento adecuada, mientras que el 51.1% restante no tiene idea de ello. Discusión: Los resultados del presente estudio guardan relación con estudios similares realizados a nivel nacional e internacional, los cuales muestran que aunque la LM es un factor fundamental para el adecuado desarrollo de la primera infancia, infancia y adolescencia, requiere que las madres estén más educadas y mejor informadas. Conclusiones: Las madres continúan mostrando altos índices de desinformación con respecto a la lactancia materna. Por tanto, se necesita el desarrollo y establecimiento de programas de educación, que permitan educar a esta población y a futuras madres lactantes; específicamente, a primigestantes y adolescentes.Palabras clave: Lactancia Materna, Madres, Conocimiento. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME

CÉLULAS MADRE: CONCEPTOS GENERALES Y PERSPECTIVAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviana Marcela Rodríguez-Pardo

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Una célula madre posee la capacidad de replicarse y diferenciarse dando lugar a diversos tipos de células especializadas. Las células madre se pueden clasificar de tres maneras: a Según su potencial de diferenciación en células totipotenciales, pluripotenciales, multipotenciales y unipotenciales; b Según el tejido de origen en células madre embrionarias o adultas, y c Según su capacidad de re-población tisular in vivo en corto, medio o largo plazo de regeneración. Además de las diferentes clasificaciones que son dadas a las células madre, también generan gran interés los diferentes modelos de diferenciación celular a los que pueden ser conducidas, desde el modelo convencional célula madre-célula hija hasta procesos de transdiferenciación, de-diferenciación y re-diferenciación celular; es así como estos modelos son aplicados en la actualidad para entender el fenómeno de la “plasticidad” que ha sido reconocido en este tipo de células.La plasticidad de las células madre se reconoce como la capacidad que poseen estas células para generar grupos celulares diferentes a los de su tejido de origen; tal es el caso de la plasticidad identificada en las células madre hematopoyéticas que pueden formar hepatocitos y miocitos en condiciones controladas. En la actualidad, existen controversias debido a que la mayoría de estudios sobre células madre son realizados a partir de óvulos donados en centros de fertilización humana lo que implica un compromiso ético que no puede desconocerse; sin embargo, es posible obtener células madre con características pluripotenciales de otras fuentes diferentes a embriones humanos como la sangre de cordón umbilical. Las investigaciones sobre la obtención de progenitores celulares, especialmente hematopoyéticos, a partir de sangre de cordón umbilical, representa una alternativa de investigación en el estudio de la biología de las células madre, así como su aplicación en

Uranium assessment for the Precambrian pebble conglomerates in southeastern Wyoming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borgman, L.E.; Sever, C.; Quimby, W.F.; Andrew, M.E.; Karlstrom, K.E.; Houston, R.S.

1981-03-01

This volume is a geostatistical resource estimate of uranium and thorium in quartz-pebble conglomerates, and is a companion to Volume 1: The Geology and Uranium Potential to Precambrian Conglomerates in the Medicine Bow Mountains and Sierra Madre of Southeastern Wyoming; and to Volume 2: Drill-Hole Data, Drill-Site Geology, and Geochemical Data from the Study of Precambrian Uraniferous Conglomerates of the Medicine Bow Mountains and the Sierra Madre of Southeastern Wyoming

Células madre: limitaciones y oportunidades en el Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Amiel-Pérez

Full Text Available Las células madre o células troncales (stem cells, en inglés se definen como células poco frecuentes que poseen las características de dividirse asimétricamente mediante un proceso conocido como autorrenovación, y su potencial para distinguirse en más de un tipo de célula terminalmente diferenciada. Existen diversos tipos de células madre los cuales incluyen: las células madre embrionarias, que existen solo en las primeras etapas del desarrollo y varios tipos de células madre adulta que, a su vez, incluyen tejidos específicos o derivados de tejidos estromales o mesenquimales. Asimismo, se pueden generar por ingeniería genética, células con propiedades similares a las células madre embrionarias, pero derivadas de tejidos adultos y sin limitaciones éticas y legales que se denominan células madre pluripotentes inducidas. En todos estos casos, existen muchas incógnitas que se siguen trabajando en la ciencia básica para informar mejor a la práctica clínica. En el Perú se están afinando técnicas y mejorando metodologías que aún requieren perfeccionamiento, mejor equipamiento y mayor especialización de los recursos humanos, pero constituyen un loable esfuerzo en favor de una destacada posición internacional y el desarrollo futuro en el área de células madre

The distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in song sparrows along Arizona's upper Santa Cruz River

Science.gov (United States)

Lester, Michael B.; van Riper, Charles

2014-01-01

Heavy metals are persistent environmental contaminants, and transport of metals into the environment poses a threat to ecosystems, as plants and wildlife are susceptible to long-term exposure, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. We investigated the distribution and cascading extent of heavy metal accumulation in southwestern song sparrows (Melospiza melodia fallax), a resident riparian bird species that occurs along the US/Mexico border in Arizona’s upper Santa Cruz River watershed. This study had three goals: (1) quantify the degree of heavy metal accumulation in sparrows and determine the distributional patterns among study sites, (2) compare concentrations of metals found in this study to those found in studies performed prior to a 2009 international wastewater facility upgrade, and (3) assess the condition of song sparrows among sites with differing potential levels of exposure. We examined five study sites along with a reference site that reflect different potential sources of contamination. Body mass residuals and leukocyte counts were used to assess sparrow condition. Birds at our study sites typically had higher metal concentrations than birds at the reference site. Copper, mercury, nickel, and selenium in song sparrows did exceed background levels, although most metals were below background concentrations determined from previous studies. Song sparrows generally showed lower heavy metal concentrations compared to studies conducted prior to the 2009 wastewater facility upgrade. We found no cascading effects as a result of metal exposure.

Sierra Structural Dynamics Theory Manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reese, Garth M. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-10-19

Sierra/SD provides a massively parallel implementation of structural dynamics finite element analysis, required for high fidelity, validated models used in modal, vibration, static and shock analysis of structural systems. This manual describes the theory behind many of the constructs in Sierra/SD. For a more detailed description of how to use Sierra/SD , we refer the reader to Sierra/SD, User's Notes . Many of the constructs in Sierra/SD are pulled directly from published material. Where possible, these materials are referenced herein. However, certain functions in Sierra/SD are specific to our implementation. We try to be far more complete in those areas. The theory manual was developed from several sources including general notes, a programmer notes manual, the user's notes and of course the material in the open literature. This page intentionally left blank.

Expression and phylogenetic analyses reveal paralogous lineages of putatively classical and non-classical MHC-I genes in three sparrow species (Passer).

Science.gov (United States)

Drews, Anna; Strandh, Maria; Råberg, Lars; Westerdahl, Helena

2017-06-26

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a central role in immunity and has been given considerable attention by evolutionary ecologists due to its associations with fitness-related traits. Songbirds have unusually high numbers of MHC class I (MHC-I) genes, but it is not known whether all are expressed and equally important for immune function. Classical MHC-I genes are highly expressed, polymorphic and present peptides to T-cells whereas non-classical MHC-I genes have lower expression, are more monomorphic and do not present peptides to T-cells. To get a better understanding of the highly duplicated MHC genes in songbirds, we studied gene expression in a phylogenetic framework in three species of sparrows (house sparrow, tree sparrow and Spanish sparrow), using high-throughput sequencing. We hypothesize that sparrows could have classical and non-classical genes, as previously indicated though never tested using gene expression. The phylogenetic analyses reveal two distinct types of MHC-I alleles among the three sparrow species, one with high and one with low level of polymorphism, thus resembling classical and non-classical genes, respectively. All individuals had both types of alleles, but there was copy number variation both within and among the sparrow species. However, the number of highly polymorphic alleles that were expressed did not vary between species, suggesting that the structural genomic variation is counterbalanced by conserved gene expression. Overall, 50% of the MHC-I alleles were expressed in sparrows. Expression of the highly polymorphic alleles was very variable, whereas the alleles with low polymorphism had uniformly low expression. Interestingly, within an individual only one or two alleles from the polymorphic genes were highly expressed, indicating that only a single copy of these is highly expressed. Taken together, the phylogenetic reconstruction and the analyses of expression suggest that sparrows have both classical and non

Active deformation in the northern Sierra de Valle Fértil, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina

Science.gov (United States)

Ortiz, Gustavo; Alvarado, Patricia; Fosdick, Julie C.; Perucca, Laura; Saez, Mauro; Venerdini, Agostina

2015-12-01

The Western Sierras Pampeanas region in the San Juan Province is characterized by thick-skinned deformation with approximately N-S trending ranges of average heights of 2500 m and a high frequency occurrence of seismic activity. Its location to the east of the mainly thin-skinned tectonics of the Argentine Precordillera fold-and-thrust belt suggests that at 30°S, deformation is concentrated in a narrow zone involving these two morphostructural units. In this paper, we present new apatite (U-Th)/He results (AHe) across the northern part of the Sierra de Valle Fértil (around 30°S) and analyze them in a framework of thermochronologic available datasets. We found Pliocene AHe results for Carboniferous and Triassic strata in the northern Sierra de Valle Fértil consistent with the hypothesis of recent cooling and inferred erosional denudation concentrated along the northern end of this mountain range. Our analysis shows that this northern region may have evolved under different conditions than the central part of the Sierra de Valle Fértil. Previous studies have observed AHe ages consistent with Permian through Cretaceous cooling, indicating the middle part of the Sierra de Valle Fértil remained near surface before the Pampean slab subduction flattening process. Those studies also obtained ˜5 My cooling ages in the southern part of the Sierra de Valle Fértil, which are similar to our results in the northern end of the range. Taken together, these results suggest a pattern of young deformation in the northern and southern low elevation ends of the Sierra de Valle Fértil consistent with regions of high seismic activity, and Quaternary active faulting along the western-bounding thrust fault of the Sierra de Valle Fértil.

Natural epigenetic variation within and among six subspecies of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus.

Science.gov (United States)

Riyahi, Sepand; Vilatersana, Roser; Schrey, Aaron W; Ghorbani Node, Hassan; Aliabadian, Mansour; Senar, Juan Carlos

2017-11-01

Epigenetic modifications can respond rapidly to environmental changes and can shape phenotypic variation in accordance with environmental stimuli. One of the most studied epigenetic marks is DNA methylation. In the present study, we used the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique to investigate the natural variation in DNA methylation within and among subspecies of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus We focused on five subspecies from the Middle East because they show great variation in many ecological traits and because this region is the probable origin for the house sparrow's commensal relationship with humans. We analysed house sparrows from Spain as an outgroup. The level of variation in DNA methylation was similar among the five house sparrow subspecies from the Middle East despite high phenotypic and environmental variation, but the non-commensal subspecies was differentiated from the other four (commensal) Middle Eastern subspecies. Further, the European subspecies was differentiated from all other subspecies in DNA methylation. Our results indicate that variation in DNA methylation does not strictly follow subspecies designations. We detected a correlation between methylation level and some morphological traits, such as standardized bill length, and we suggest that part of the high morphological variation in the native populations of the house sparrow is influenced by differentially methylated regions in specific loci throughout the genome. We also detected 10 differentially methylated loci among subspecies and three loci that differentiated between commensal or non-commensal status. Therefore, the MSAP technique detected larger scale differences among the European and non-commensal subspecies, but did not detect finer scale differences among the other Middle Eastern subspecies. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

CÉLULAS MADRE: CONCEPTOS GENERALES Y PERSPECTIVAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Pardo, Vivana Marcela; Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

2005-01-01

Una célula madre posee la capacidad de replicarse y diferenciarse dando lugar a diversos tipos de células especializadas. Las células madre se pueden clasificar de tres maneras: a) Según su potencial de diferenciación en células totipotenciales, pluripotenciales, multipotenciales y unipotenciales; b) Según el tejido de origen en células madre embrionarias o adultas, y c) Según su capacidad de re-población tisular in vivo en corto, medio o largo plazo de regeneración. Además de las diferentes ...

Developing a Dynamic SPARROW Water Quality Decision Support System Using NASA Remotely-Sensed Products

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Hamdan, M. Z.; Smith, R. A.; Hoos, A.; Schwarz, G. E.; Alexander, R. B.; Crosson, W. L.; Srikishen, J.; Estes, M., Jr.; Cruise, J.; Al-Hamdan, A.; Ellenburg, W. L., II; Flores, A.; Sanford, W. E.; Zell, W.; Reitz, M.; Miller, M. P.; Journey, C. A.; Befus, K. M.; Swann, R.; Herder, T.; Sherwood, E.; Leverone, J.; Shelton, M.; Smith, E. T.; Anastasiou, C. J.; Seachrist, J.; Hughes, A.; Graves, D.

2017-12-01

The USGS Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) surface water quality modeling system has been widely used for long term, steady state water quality analysis. However, users have increasingly requested a dynamic version of SPARROW that can provide seasonal estimates of nutrients and suspended sediment to receiving waters. The goal of this NASA-funded project is to develop a dynamic decision support system to enhance the southeast SPARROW water quality model and finer-scale dynamic models for selected coastal watersheds through the use of remotely-sensed data and other NASA Land Information System (LIS) products. The spatial and temporal scale of satellite remote sensing products and LIS modeling data make these sources ideal for the purposes of development and operation of the dynamic SPARROW model. Remote sensing products including MODIS vegetation indices, SMAP surface soil moisture, and OMI atmospheric chemistry along with LIS-derived evapotranspiration (ET) and soil temperature and moisture products will be included in model development and operation. MODIS data will also be used to map annual land cover/land use in the study areas and in conjunction with Landsat and Sentinel to identify disturbed areas that might be sources of sediment and increased phosphorus loading through exposure of the bare soil. These data and others constitute the independent variables in a regression analysis whose dependent variables are the water quality constituents total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment. Remotely-sensed variables such as vegetation indices and ET can be proxies for nutrient uptake by vegetation; MODIS Leaf Area Index can indicate sources of phosphorus from vegetation; soil moisture and temperature are known to control rates of denitrification; and bare soil areas serve as sources of enhanced nutrient and sediment production. The enhanced SPARROW dynamic models will provide improved tools for end users to manage water

Hacia una síntesis biogeográfica de México Toward a synthesis of Mexican biogeography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan J. Morrone

2005-12-01

Full Text Available El reconocimiento de componentes bióticos constituye una primera etapa hacia una teoría biogeográfica sintética. En México podemos caracterizar 3 componentes bióticos principales, cada uno con una combinación diferente de elementos bióticos. El componente Neártico (región Neártica incluye las áreas áridas subtropicales del norte del país, en las provincias biogeográficas de California, Baja California, Sonora, Altiplano Mexicano y Tamaulipas. En este componente predomina el elemento original (Septentrional Antiguo o Paleoamericano, junto con otro de dispersión más reciente (Neártico y un tercero Neotropical Antiguo. Los eventos vicariantes asociados con la evolución biótica del componente Neártico se relacionan con la formación de la Sierra Madre Occidental, que aisló el desierto de Chihuahua de los desiertos de Sonora y Mohave; y la expansión del Mar de Cortés, que aisló la Península de Baja California del continente. El componente Transicional (Zona de Transición Mexicana incluye las áreas básicamente montañosas del centro del país, que se asignan a las provincias biogeográficas de la Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental, Eje Volcánico Transmexicano, Cuenca del Balsas y Sierra Madre del Sur. En este componente coexisten los elementos Paleoamericano, Neártico, Mesoamericano Tropical y Mesoamericano de Montaña. Los eventos vicariantes asociados con la evolución biótica del componente Transicional se relacionan con el desarrollo de las Sierras Madre y el vulcanismo del Eje Volcánico Transmexicano. El componente Neotropical (región Neotropical incluye áreas tropicales húmedas y subhúmedas del sur de México, asignadas a las provincias biogeográficas de la Costa Pacífica Mexicana, Golfo de México, Chiapas y Península de Yucatán. En éste predomina el elemento Mesoamericano Tropical, aunque también presenta los elementos Neártico y Antillano. Los eventos vicariantes asociados con la evoluci

La influencia del mundo interno de la madre en la psicopatología infantil

OpenAIRE

Alcalá Pérez, Visitación

2001-01-01

Partiendo del modelo psicoanalitico se establece la hipotesis que el "mundo interno" de la madre influye en la genesis de la enfermedad psiquica del hijo. Se estudian 150 madres distribuidos en cuatro grupos en funcion de la patologia del hijo: Psiquica aguda, psiquica cronica, somatica aguda y somatica cronica un quinto grupo, control, de madres con hijos sanos. Se utilizan dos intrumentos: 1)entrevista semiestructurada mediante la que se recogen datos sociodemograficos del hijo, madre y ...

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA.

Science.gov (United States)

Hamer, Gabriel L; Anderson, Tavis K; Berry, Garrett E; Makohon-Moore, Alvin P; Crafton, Jeffrey C; Brawn, Jeffrey D; Dolinski, Amanda C; Krebs, Bethany L; Ruiz, Marilyn O; Muzzall, Patrick M; Goldberg, Tony L; Walker, Edward D

2013-12-01

Hosts are commonly infected with a suite of parasites, and interactions among these parasites can affect the size, structure, and behavior of host-parasite communities. As an important step to understanding the significance of co-circulating parasites, we describe prevalence of co-circulating hemoparasites in two important avian amplification hosts for West Nile virus (WNV), the American robin (Turdus migratorius) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus), during the 2010-2011 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Rates of nematode microfilariemia were 1.5% of the robins (n = 70) and 4.2% of the house sparrows (n = 72) collected during the day and 11.1% of the roosting robins (n = 63) and 0% of the house sparrows (n = 11) collected at night. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes from these parasites resolved two clades of filarioid nematodes. Microscopy revealed that 18.0% of American robins (n = 133) and 16.9% of house sparrows (n = 83) hosted trypanosomes in the blood. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from the 18s rRNA gene revealed that the trypanosomes fall within previously described avian trypanosome clades. These results document hemoparasites in the blood of WNV hosts in a center of endemic WNV transmission, suggesting a potential for direct or indirect interactions with the virus.

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

MHRL

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research. (A publication of the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone). ©Sierra Leone Journal .... was used to. She seemed to have had a change of mind after ingesting.

Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava; Ruan-Soto, Felipe; Aguilar-Moreno, Ivonne Estela; Garza-Ocañas, Fortunato; Lebgue-Keleng, Toutcha; Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio; Enríquez-Anchondo, Irma Delia

2014-09-17

The Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua in Northern Mexico is inhabited by indigenous Raramuris, mestizos, and other ethnic groups. The territory consists of canyons and ravines with pine, oak and pine-oak forests in the higher plateaus. A great diversity of potentially edible mushrooms is found in forests of the Municipalities of Bocoyna and Urique. Their residents are the only consumers of wild mushrooms in the Northern Mexico; they have a long tradition of collecting and eating these during the "rainy season." However, despite the wide diversity of edible mushrooms that grow in these areas, residents have a selective preference. This paper aims to record evidence of the knowledge and use of wild potentially edible mushroom species by inhabitants of towns in the Sierra Tarahumara of Chihuahua, Mexico. Using a semi-structured technique, we surveyed 197 habitants from seven locations in Urique, Bocoyna, and the Cusarare area from 2010 to 2012. Known fungi, local nomenclature, species consumed, preparation methods, appreciation of taste, forms of preservation, criteria for differentiating toxic and edible fungi, other uses, economic aspects, and traditional teaching were recorded. To identify the recognized species, photographic stimuli of 22 local edible species and two toxic species were used. The respondents reported preference for five species: Amanita rubescens, Agaricus campestris, Ustilago maydis, Hypomyces lactifluorum, and the Amanita caesarea complex. No apparent differences were found between ethnic groups in terms of preference, although mestizos used other species in Bocoyna (Boletus edulis and B. pinophilus). Some different uses of fungi are recognized by respondents, i.e. home decorations, medicine, as food in breeding rams, etc. The studied population shows a great appreciation towards five species, mainly the A. caesarea complex, and an apparent lack of knowledge of nearly 20 species which are used as food in other areas of Mexico. There are no

Flora cactológica y especies asociadas en el área natural protegida Sierra Corral de los Bandidos, Nuevo León, México Cactus list and asociated plants of the protected natural area Sierra Corral de Los Bandidos, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Pilar Carmona-Lara

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El área natural protegida (ANP Sierra Corral de los Bandidos ubicada en la sierra Madre Oriental, al noroeste de Monterrey, sufre el impacto de actividades antropológicas asociadas al matorral submontano (ganadería, agricultura, colecta y urbanismo, disminuyendo sus recursos naturales y amenazando sus especies endémicas, principalmente cactáceas. El propósito del estudio fue conocer la diversidad de cactáceas y especies asociadas en zonas de amortiguamiento y núcleo. Para ello se determinaron índices de riqueza y similitud utilizando un muestreo estratificado con cuadrantes a lo largo de transectos orientados por gradientes altitudinales según su zonificación. En total se registraron 112 taxa (30 cactáceas, 87 (24 cactáceas en zona de amortiguamiento y 80 (19 cactáceas en zona núcleo. Por su densidad, frecuencia y abundancia sobresalieron Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm. Engelm. ex F. Seitz, Cylindropuntia leptocaulis F. M. Knuth in Backeb et F. M. Knuth, Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg., Neolloydia conoidea (DC Britton et Rose, (Cactaceae; Erioneuron avenaceum (H. B et K. Tateoka, (Poaceae; Viguiera stenoloba S. F. Blake; Zexmenia hispida (Kunth A. Gray, (Asteraceae y Agave lechuguilla Torr, (Agavaceae. Existe diferencia significativa entre las poblaciones de cactus de las zonas del ANP, según Jacquard (13%, Sörensen (38% y Morisita (0.44. Ocho cactáceas (7 endémicas están registradas en algún estatus de la NOM-ECOL-059, 2001.The Sierra Corral de los Bandidos is a natural protected area located in the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range northwest of Monterrey city. This preserve suffers the impact of human activities in the form of cattle ranching, agriculture, harvest of wild plants, and urbanism, diminishing its natural resources and threatening its endemic species, especially from the cactaceae family. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the diversity of cacti and associated species in the buffer and

Células madres pulpares: describiendo y descubriendo potencialidades

OpenAIRE

Merino, Graciela Mónica; Dewey, Ricardo Alfredo; Mayocchi, Karina; Butler, Teresa Adela; Dorati, Pablo; Basal, Roxana Lía; Paggi, Ricardo; Cantarini, Luis Martín; Pinola, Lidia; Micinquevich, Susana

2015-01-01

La evidencia científica ha demostrado que las células madre (CM) ofrecen una importante innovación en la investigación odontológica. Ellas pueden diferenciarse posibilitando el reemplazo de tejidos afectados aunque sean de otros linajes celulares. Las de origen dental por su multipotencialidad pueden formar células con carácter osteo/odontogénico, adipogénico y neurogénico. La pulpa dental ofrece células madre en baja concentración, siendo más proliferativas aquellas que dan origen a la coron...

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA☆

Science.gov (United States)

Hamer, Gabriel L.; Anderson, Tavis K.; Berry, Garrett E.; Makohon-Moore, Alvin P.; Crafton, Jeffrey C.; Brawn, Jeffrey D.; Dolinski, Amanda C.; Krebs, Bethany L.; Ruiz, Marilyn O.; Muzzall, Patrick M.; Goldberg, Tony L.; Walker, Edward D.

2012-01-01

Hosts are commonly infected with a suite of parasites, and interactions among these parasites can affect the size, structure, and behavior of host–parasite communities. As an important step to understanding the significance of co-circulating parasites, we describe prevalence of co-circulating hemoparasites in two important avian amplification hosts for West Nile virus (WNV), the American robin (Turdus migratorius) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus), during the 2010–2011 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Rates of nematode microfilariemia were 1.5% of the robins (n = 70) and 4.2% of the house sparrows (n = 72) collected during the day and 11.1% of the roosting robins (n = 63) and 0% of the house sparrows (n = 11) collected at night. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes from these parasites resolved two clades of filarioid nematodes. Microscopy revealed that 18.0% of American robins (n = 133) and 16.9% of house sparrows (n = 83) hosted trypanosomes in the blood. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from the 18s rRNA gene revealed that the trypanosomes fall within previously described avian trypanosome clades. These results document hemoparasites in the blood of WNV hosts in a center of endemic WNV transmission, suggesting a potential for direct or indirect interactions with the virus. PMID:24533314

Conservation Controversy: Sparrow, Marshall, and the Mi’kmaq of Esgenoôpetitj

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Sarah J. King

2011-10-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the interplay between the Sparrow and Marshall decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada, and the sovereigntist and traditionalist convictions of the Mi’kmaq of the Esgenoôpetitj/BurntChurch First Nation, as expressed in the conservationist language of the Draft for the Esgenoopotitj First Nations (EFN Fishery Act (Fisheries Policy. With the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Sparrow, conservation became an important justification available to the Canadian government to support its regulatory infringement on aboriginal and treaty rights. Ten years later, in Marshall, the Court recognized the treaty rights of the Mi’kmaq to a limited commercial fishery. The EFN Fishery Act, written to govern thecontroversial post-Marshall fishery in Esgenoôpetitj (also known as the Burnt Church First Nation demonstrates that for the Mi’kmaq, scientific management, traditional knowledge, sovereignty and spirituality are understood in a holistic philosophy. The focus placed on conservation by the courts, and the managementfocusedapproach taken by the government at Esgenoôpetitj have led to government policy which treats conservation simply as a resource access and management problem. Conservation, which the Court deems“uncontroversial” in Sparrow, is a politically loaded ideal in post-Marshall Burnt Church.

A possible effect of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations on the number of breeding house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

Science.gov (United States)

Everaert, Joris; Bauwens, Dirk

2007-01-01

A possible effect of long-term exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone (GSM) base stations on the number of House Sparrows during the breeding season was studied in six residential districts in Belgium. We sampled 150 point locations within the 6 areas to examine small-scale geographic variation in the number of House Sparrow males and the strength of electromagnetic radiation from base stations. Spatial variation in the number of House Sparrow males was negatively and highly significantly related to the strength of electric fields from both the 900 and 1800 MHz downlink frequency bands and from the sum of these bands (Chi(2)-tests and AIC-criteria, Pnegative relationship was highly similar within each of the six study areas, despite differences among areas in both the number of birds and radiation levels. Thus, our data show that fewer House Sparrow males were seen at locations with relatively high electric field strength values of GSM base stations and therefore support the notion that long-term exposure to higher levels of radiation negatively affects the abundance or behavior of House Sparrows in the wild.

Alojamiento conjunto madre-hijo y lactancia humana exclusiva

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FLORES-HUERTA SAMUEL

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Conocer la influencia del alojamiento conjunto (AC madre-hijo, en la frecuencia de lactancia humana exclusiva (LHE, desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de vida. Material y métodos. Estudio de cohortes no aleatorizado realizado en la clínica de lactancia del Hospital "Luis Castelazo Ayala", del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, de enero de 1993 a octubre de 1994, en el que participaron 178 binomios madre-hijo (BMH sanos con gestación de término. El grupo con alojamiento conjunto (AC se integró con 90 BMH, y la madre recibió asesoría para lactar; 88 se atendieron en forma separada, sin asesoría para lactar. Se realizó análisis estadístico de los datos para apreciar frecuencia y asociaciones de las variables. Resultados. La alimentación se registró como LHE, fórmula o ambas. Los grupos con y sin AC se estratificaron por la forma de nacimiento, parto o cesárea. Con X² de Mantel-Haenszel y de rango logarítmico se aceptaron diferencias con p< 0.05. Durante el estudio la lactancia global fue semejante entre los grupos. En el primer mes la LHE fue mayor en el grupo con AC, 61 vs 42%, independientemente de la forma de nacimiento (p< 0.05. El AC fue la única variable que influyó para que se diera LHE. Conclusiones. El AC madre-hijo favorece la LHE en el primer mes posnacimiento.

Anthropometry: Basic Studies and Applications. Volume 2, 1976 - July 1978

Science.gov (United States)

1978-08-01

Not available NTIS 45 Anthropometric Test Dummy, Model 325-50 Operation and Service Manual Sierra Engineering Co., Sierra Madre , Calif.*National...are reported herein. The stewardesses are taller (x bar = 165.8 cm) and lighter (x bar = 54.6 kg) than the corresponding age in the civilian

Redes del cuidado: Ética del destino compartido en las madres comunitarias antioqueñas

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Mauricio Hernando Bedoya-Hernández

2013-10-01

Full Text Available En este artículo abordo el problema de las redes de apoyo de las madres comunitarias. Objetivo: Identificar el significado que las madres comunitarias dan al cuidado propio, en relación al cuidado promovido en los niños y niñas de los hogares comunitarios a su cargo. Alcance: ampliación de las comprensiones acerca de las prácticas de cuidado en las madres comunitarias de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: con enfoque cualitativo y metodología fenomenológica-hermenéutica, del estudio participaron 30 madres comunitarias de 6 municipios antioqueños, con quienes se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales. Resultados: cada madre comunitaria construye su red del cuidado, cuyo eje de sentido es el cuidado provisto a los niños y niñas. Conclusiones: (1 el cuidado de estos niños y niñas requiere una red del cuidado; (2 esta es una construcción subjetiva; (3 cuando una mujer se hace madre comunitaria a partir del vector por lo infantil, su trabajo se torna en una ética del destino compartido; y (4 en las redes del cuidado las madres comunitarias cuidan y son cuidadas.

ACTITUDES HACIA LA COMUNICACIÓN SEXUAL ENTRE PADRES/MADRES Y ADOLESCENTES EN PUERTO RICO*

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández, Ana Michelle; McFarlane, Melvin Negrón; González, Ricardo; Díaz, Leslie; Betancourt-Díaz, Elba; Cintrón-Bou, Francheska; Varas-Díaz, Nelson; Villarruel, Antonia

2017-01-01

RESUMEN La comunicación sobre sexualidad entre padres/madres y adolescentes enfrenta dificultades particulares producto de factores socioculturales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo documentar las actitudes de padres/madres y adolescentes hacia la comunicación sobre temas de sexualidad. Los resultados emanan de la medición inicial del Proyecto Cuídalos. Los datos de este estudio forman parte de un estudio amplio que evaluó un módulo interactivo basado en la web para mejorar comunicación sobre temas de salud entre padres/madres y adolescentes entre 13–17 años. En este artículo, reportamos datos basales que contestaron los/as participantes sobre comodidad al hablar sobre temas de salud sexual. La muestra, de los datos aquí expuestos, estuvo compuesta por 458 diadas de madres/padres y sus hijos/as adolescentes (n=916). Se realizó análisis de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central con los datos obtenidos inicialmente. La edad promedio de los adolescentes fue de 15 años, de los que un 15% se encontraban activos sexualmente. Los/as adolescentes tienen mejor disposición que los/as padres/madres para hablar sobre sexualidad. Sin embargo, los/as padres/madres entienden que comparten suficiente información sobre temas relacionados a la sexualidad. Los/as padres/madres y adolescentes reportaron algún grado de dificultad e incomodidad al hablar sobre métodos específicos de prevención. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de incorporar a los/as padres/madres en intervenciones con adolescentes sobre temas de salud sexual. En Puerto Rico es necesario desarrollar programas dirigidos a minimizar las conductas sexuales de alto riesgo en jóvenes. PMID:28736599

African Journals Online: Sierra Leone

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research. The Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research publishes papers in all fields of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences including Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Dental Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical ...

Site fidelity of the declining amphibian Rana sierrae (Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog)

Science.gov (United States)

Kathleen Matthews; Haiganoush Preisler

2010-01-01

From 1997 to 2006, we used mark–recapture models to estimate the site fidelity of 1250 Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs (Rana sierrae) in Kings Canyon National Park, California, USA, during their three main activity periods of overwintering, breeding, and feeding. To quantify site fidelity, the tendency to return to and reuse previously occupied...

Satisfacción de las madres con la atención a sus hijos hospitalizados

OpenAIRE

María Guadalupe Moreno-Monsiváis; María Guadalupe Interial-Guzmán; Paz Francisco Sauceda-Flores; Leticia Vázquez-Arreola; Julia Teresa López-España

2011-01-01

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores que se relacionan con la satisfacción de la madre con la atención que recibe su hijo hospitalizado. La muestra: 127 madres de niños hospitalizados en una institución pública de Monterrey, N.L., México. Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó el cuestionario de satisfacción del familiar pediátrico. El manejo del dolor fue un factor importante para la satisfacción de las madres participantes. La satisfacción de la madre con el servicio d...

El (reconocimiento de la madre en La mitad del alma

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Sandra J. Schumm

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La mitad del alma de Carme Riera, en que C rememora a su madre, enfatiza la importancia del reconocimiento de las mujeres en la memoria histórica. Desde el mito griego de Atena, quien ignoraba a su madre Metis, la sociedad patriarcal ha excluido a la madre, lo cual promete que la hija conlleve negación también, según Amber Jacobs en On Matricide. Jacobs observa que en La Oresteia hay crímenes sancionados contra las mujeres, las hijas están deprimidas, existe incesto contra la hija, la reproducción familiar se paraliza, toda la sociedad sufre y la hija se desperdicia también cuando la madre es menospreciada. Jacobs afirma que este desprecio de la madre que transcurría en los mitos griegos continúa en la sociedad y la psicología hoy en día. En esta novela de Riera, la hija protagonista, quien desconoce a su madre, sufre de un estado depresivo, la falta de creatividad y una conexión demasiado fuerte con su padre, semejante a lo que Jacobs observa en los mitos, pero la escritura de C sobre su madre la integrará en la consciencia y mejorará la situación de la hija y, últimamente, la de toda la civilización.Summary: Carme Riera‟s La mitad del alma, in which C recollects her mother, emphasizes the importance of the recognition of women in historic memory. Ever since the Greek myth of Athena, who was ignorant of the existence of her mother, Metis, patriarchal society has excluded the mother, a fact which promises that the daughter will also experience negation, according to Amber Jacobs in On Matricide. Jacobs observes that in La Oresteia there are sanctioned crimes against women, the daughters are depressed, there is incest against the daughter, she is dishonored, family reproduction stops, and all of society suffers when the mother is not appreciated. Jacobs affirms that the distain of the mother that took place in Greek myths continues in society and psychology today. In this novel by Riera, the protagonist/daughter, who

Effects of winter marsh burning on abundance and nesting activity of Louisiana seaside sparrows in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain

Science.gov (United States)

Gabrey, S.W.; Afton, A.D.

2000-01-01

Louisiana Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus fisheri) breed and winter exclusively in brackish and saline marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico. Many Gulf Coast marshes, particularly in the Chenier Plain of southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, are burned intentionally in fall or winter as part of waterfowl management programs. Fire reportedly has negatively affected two Seaside Sparrow subspecies (A. m. nigrescens and A. m. mirabilis) in Florida, but there is no published information regarding effects of fire on A. m. fisheri. We compared abundance of territorial male Louisiana Seaside Sparrows, number of nesting activity indicators, and vegetation structure in paired burned and unburned plots in Chenier Plain marshes in southwestern Louisiana during the 1996 breeding season (April-July) before experimental winter burns (January 1997) and again during two breeding seasons post-burn (1997-1998). We found that abundance of male sparrows decreased in burned plots during the first breeding season post-burn, but was higher than that of unburned plots during the second breeding season post-burn. Indicators of nesting activity showed a similar but non-significant pattern in response to burning. Sparrow abundance and nesting activity seemingly are linked to dead vegetation cover, which was lower in burned plots during the first breeding season post-burn, but did not differ from that in unburned plots during the second breeding season post-burn. We recommend that marsh management plans in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain integrate waterfowl and Seaside Sparrow management by maintaining a mosaic of burned and unburned marshes and allowing vegetation to recover for at least two growing seasons before reburning a marsh.

ESTIGMA Y VIH/SIDA ENTRE PADRES/MADRES Y ADOLESCENTES PUERTORRIQUEÑOS/AS

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez, Grace Rosado; Reyes, Glendalys Rivera; Villanueva, Victoria Larrieux; Torres, Gilliam J. Torres; Díaz, Elba Betancourt; Varas-Díaz, Nelson; Villaruel, Antonia

2016-01-01

La comunicación entre padres/madres y adolescentes sobre el tema de la sexualidad es importante para el desarrollo de la salud de personas jóvenes. Dicha comunicación puede verse negativamente impactada por actitudes estigmatizantes hacia el tema del VIH/SIDA. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar actitudes estigmatizantes hacia el VIH/SIDA entre padres/madres y adolescentes puertorriqueños/as. Este esfuerzo es parte del Proyecto Cuídalos, dirigido a probar una intervención en formato electrónico que busca aumentar la comunicación sobre sexualidad y salud entre padres/madres y adolescentes mediante un diseño experimental con 458 diadas de padres/madres y adolescentes de 13 a 17 años. Para propósitos de este artículo reportamos estadísticas descriptivas sobre estigma hacia el VIH/SIDA con la información recopilada en la medición basal. Tanto adultos/as como adolescentes mostraron actitudes estigmatizantes hacia el VIH/SIDA. A la luz de los resultados es necesario continuar desarrollando intervenciones para la reducción de estigma en esta población. Los/as padres/madres pueden ser un recurso invaluable para reducir el estigma en los/as jóvenes, y prevenir conductas sexuales de riesgo e infecciones. PMID:27099649

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain.

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Jorge Ruiz-Martínez

Full Text Available Avipoxvirus (APV is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013. Overall, 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions consistent with avian pox. A similar prevalence (3% was found in 338 birds from central Spain. Prevalence was higher in hatch-year birds than in adults. We did not detect any clear spatial or temporal patterns of APV distribution. Molecular analyses of poxvirus-like lesions revealed that 63% of the samples were positive. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 29 DNA sequences from the fpv167 gene, detected two strains belonging to the canarypox clade (subclades B1 and B2 previously found in Spain. One of them appears predominant in Iberia and North Africa and shares 70% similarity to fowlpox and canarypox virus. This APV strain has been identified in a limited number of species in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Hungary. The second one has a global distribution and has been found in numerous wild bird species around the world. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of avian poxvirus disease in the broadly distributed house sparrow and strongly supports the findings that Avipox prevalence in this species in South and central Spain is moderate and the genetic diversity low.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz-Martínez, Jorge; Ferraguti, Martina; Figuerola, Jordi; Martínez-de la Puente, Josué; Williams, Richard Alexander John; Herrera-Dueñas, Amparo; Aguirre, José Ignacio; Soriguer, Ramón; Escudero, Clara; Moens, Michaël André Jean; Pérez-Tris, Javier; Benítez, Laura

2016-01-01

Avipoxvirus (APV) is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013). Overall, 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions consistent with avian pox. A similar prevalence (3%) was found in 338 birds from central Spain. Prevalence was higher in hatch-year birds than in adults. We did not detect any clear spatial or temporal patterns of APV distribution. Molecular analyses of poxvirus-like lesions revealed that 63% of the samples were positive. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 29 DNA sequences from the fpv167 gene, detected two strains belonging to the canarypox clade (subclades B1 and B2) previously found in Spain. One of them appears predominant in Iberia and North Africa and shares 70% similarity to fowlpox and canarypox virus. This APV strain has been identified in a limited number of species in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Hungary. The second one has a global distribution and has been found in numerous wild bird species around the world. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of avian poxvirus disease in the broadly distributed house sparrow and strongly supports the findings that Avipox prevalence in this species in South and central Spain is moderate and the genetic diversity low.

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Conzuelo González, Viridiana Vanessa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estudio transversal (2006-2007, en la comunidad mazahua de San Francisco Tepeolulco, Municipio de Temascalcingo; que incluyó a 85 hogares integrados por preescolares con desnutrición inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Se determinó el estado nutrición de los preescolares con indicadores antropométricos y se obtuvo el IMC de las madres de estos infantes. Se aplicó una encuesta socionutricional, incluida el recordatorio de 24 horas, y complementado con la observación participante (cualitativa. Se encontró que 83% de las madres mazahuas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El estado de nutrición de los preescolares con madres con obesidad presentó un porcentaje mayor de desnutrición (76%. En la variable género, se encontró que 54% de los niños con madres con obesidad tenía baja talla. Al relacionar el nivel educativo de la madre, esta variable resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p=0.015, donde el analfabetismo está más relacionado con la desnutrición infantil que tienen madres de bajo y/o peso normal. La elevada prevalencia de hogares conformados con preescolares con desnutrición y madres con obesidad, es un síntoma más de la pobreza en zonas indígenas en México, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano.

Talis mater, talis filia: las malas madres en los siglos XVI y XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amaia Nausia Pimoulier

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un tipo de violencia familiar protagonizado por madres e hijas navarras de los siglos XVI y XVII. Las acu-saciones por lenocinio o alcahuetería contra las madres que emplearon a sus propias hijas en sus tratos de mediadoras sirven para ilustrar una forma de violencia que supone, entre otras cosas, una ruptura del amor materno. La preca-ria situación de la madre y las dificultades tras el fallecimiento del esposo —la gran parte de los casos están protagonizados por madres viu-das— fue el contexto general en el que se desarrollaron los malos tratos. La historia de estas mujeres representa un mal ejercicio de la autoridad materna y una forma de violencia hacia las hijas; una violencia no siempre física, pero sí emocional y psicológica.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA MATERNIDAD ADOLESCENTE DE MADRES A HIJAS

OpenAIRE

González A,Electra; Molina G,Temístocles

2007-01-01

Antecedentes: En la investigación de la maternidad adolescente un aspecto importante a considerar es el rol de la familia, especialmente el de la madre en el embarazo de las hijas. Objetivo: Investigar las características y ocurrencia de maternidad adolescente en las madres de adolescentes embarazadas. Método: Se estudiaron 255 mujeres y sus hijas adolescentes embarazadas. Se seleccionaron variables maternas y de las hijas. Se realizó análisis uni y bivariado y se ajustaron modelos de regresi...

Las células madre y sus aplicaciones actuales

OpenAIRE

Reguero Mera, Marta

2017-01-01

Introducción: Se conocen diferentes tipos de células, pero todas ellas tienen una característica en común, que provienen de las células madre. Las células madre, también denominadas células troncales o progenitoras, poseen varias características que las diferencian del resto de células. Existen varias clasificaciones para estas células: dependiendo de su potencial, capacidad de diferenciación o por su origen. El uso de dichas células, o derivadas de éstas, para reparar o renovar tejidos o cél...

Las células madre mesenquimales desde la perspectiva de las ciencias veterinarias

OpenAIRE

Riaño G., Nancy B.; Vera A., Victor J.; Villamil J., Luis Carlos

2007-01-01

Las características de una célula madre (stem cell) están determinadas por ser indiferenciadas, autorrenovables, y por tener la capacidad de generar células hijas para múltiples linajes celulares, con la capacidad de proliferar indefinidamente en cultivos. El origen de las células madre puede ser embrionario (blastómeros y células de la masa interna del blastocisto) o somático (células pluripotenciales de tejidos adultos). La fuente de las células madre somáticas es la médula ósea, en la cual...

Assessing habitat quality of farm-dwelling house sparrows in different agricultural landscapes.

Science.gov (United States)

von Post, Maria; Borgström, Pernilla; Smith, Henrik G; Olsson, Ola

2012-04-01

Having historically been abundant throughout Europe, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) has in recent decades suffered severe population declines in many urban and rural areas. The decline in rural environments is believed to be caused by agricultural intensification, which has resulted in landscape simplification. We used giving-up densities (GUDs) of house sparrows feeding in artificial food patches placed in farmlands of southern Sweden to determine habitat quality during the breeding season at two different spatial scales: the landscape and the patch scale. At the landscape scale, GUDs were lower on farms in homogeneous landscapes dominated by crop production compared to more heterogeneous landscapes with mixed farming or animal husbandry. At the patch level, feeding patches with a higher predation risk (caused by fitting a wall to the patch to obstruct vigilance) had higher GUDs. In addition, GUDs were positively related to population size, which strongly implies that GUDs reflect habitat quality. However, the increase followed different patterns in homogeneous and heterogeneous landscapes, indicating differing population limiting mechanisms in these two environments. We found no effect of the interaction between patch type and landscape type, suggesting that predation risk was similar in both landscape types. Thus, our study suggests that simplified landscapes constitute a poorer feeding environment for house sparrows during breeding, that the population-regulating mechanisms in the landscapes differ, but that predation risk is the same across the landscape types.

76 FR 65118 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Bear Creek, Sparrows Point, MD

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-20

...-AA09 Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Bear Creek, Sparrows Point, MD AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... regulation. The Baltimore County Revenue Authority (Dundalk Avenue) highway toll drawbridge across Bear Creek... applicable or necessary. Basis and Purpose The drawbridge across Bear Creek, mile 1.5 was removed and...

77 FR 74688 - Final Recovery Plan, First Revision; Mexican Spotted Owl

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-17

... Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah, and south through the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra... plants. ADDRESSES: If you wish to view the recovery plan, you may obtain a copy by any one of the... recovery plan. Background Recovery of endangered or threatened animals and plants to the point where they...

Sierra/Solid Mechanics 4.48 User's Guide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merewether, Mark Thomas; Crane, Nathan K; de Frias, Gabriel Jose; Le, San; Littlewood, David John; Mosby, Matthew David; Pierson, Kendall H.; Porter, Vicki L.; Shelton, Timothy; Thomas, Jesse David; Tupek, Michael R.; Veilleux, Michael; Gampert, Scott; Xavier, Patrick G.; Plews, Julia A.

2018-03-01

Sierra/SolidMechanics (Sierra/SM) is a Lagrangian, three-dimensional code for finite element analysis of solids and structures. It provides capabilities for explicit dynamic, implicit quasistatic and dynamic analyses. The explicit dynamics capabilities allow for the efficient and robust solution of models with extensive contact subjected to large, suddenly applied loads. For implicit problems, Sierra/SM uses a multi-level iterative solver, which enables it to effectively solve problems with large deformations, nonlinear material behavior, and contact. Sierra/SM has a versatile library of continuum and structural elements, and a large library of material models. The code is written for parallel computing environments enabling scalable solutions of extremely large problems for both implicit and explicit analyses. It is built on the SIERRA Framework, which facilitates coupling with other SIERRA mechanics codes. This document describes the functionality and input syntax for Sierra/SM.

Protección oportuna y diferenciada a madres de hijos con discapacidad severa.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Echemendía Gómez

2007-03-01

Full Text Available En el Estudio Integral de la discapacidad llamó poderosamente la atención las madres de hijos con discapacidad severa, que en condiciones muy adversas se mantenían trabajando o habían dejado de hacerlo. Siendo emitidas por la Dirección Nacional de Seguridad Social las Indicaciones Metodológicas para la protección salarial, laboral y de seguridad social de estas mujeres, prioridad del Ministerio de Trabajo y de Seguridad Social la atención de estas madres en cada territorio. Es el municipio de Sancti Spíritus el de mayor cantidad de madres protegidas en la provincia, estas razones justifican este trabajo. El Objetivo General: valorar los resultados obtenidos en los núcleos protegidos posterior a la aplicación de las Indicaciones Metodológicas en el municipio cabecera. Los objetivos específicos: caracterizar la protección económica alcanzada en estos núcleos, constatar la valoración que realizan estas madres sobre la atención médica, educativa y social que reciben. Se aplicó revisión de documentos primarios, tomándose como muestra a 25 expedientes de prestaciones de la Seguridad Social de la Dirección Municipal de Trabajo y se le aplicó entrevista individual a 15 de ellas. Entre los resultados: Se expone el alcance y características de la protección económica y los resultados alcanzados en las esferas Médico, Educacional y Social. A partir de las recomendaciones surgidas de los resultados, la Subdirección de Seguridad Social del municipio reconoció conveniente adecuar un solo expediente laboral y de prestaciones para cada madre y la CTC municipal aprobó la afiliación de las madres trabajadoras a la correspondiente sesión sindical, dando respuesta a la principal petición de las madres entrevistadas.

Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.48 Verification Tests Manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plews, Julia A.; Crane, Nathan K; de Frias, Gabriel Jose; Le, San; Littlewood, David John; Merewether, Mark Thomas; Mosby, Matthew David; Pierson, Kendall H.; Porter, Vicki L.; Shelton, Timothy; Thomas, Jesse David; Tupek, Michael R.; Veilleux, Michael; Xavier, Patrick G.

2018-03-01

Presented in this document is a small portion of the tests that exist in the Sierra / SolidMechanics (Sierra / SM) verification test suite. Most of these tests are run nightly with the Sierra / SM code suite, and the results of the test are checked versus the correct analytical result. For each of the tests presented in this document, the test setup, a description of the analytic solution, and comparison of the Sierra / SM code results to the analytic solution is provided. Mesh convergence is also checked on a nightly basis for several of these tests. This document can be used to confirm that a given code capability is verified or referenced as a compilation of example problems. Additional example problems are provided in the Sierra / SM Example Problems Manual. Note, many other verification tests exist in the Sierra / SM test suite, but have not yet been included in this manual.

Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows.

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí; Williams, Joseph B

2008-10-07

Intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis, form a barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. Previously, we measured cutaneous water loss (CWL) and lipid composition of the SC of adult house sparrows from two populations, one living in the deserts of Saudi Arabia and another living in mesic Ohio. Adult desert house sparrows had a lower CWL, a lower proportion of free fatty acids, and a higher proportion of ceramides and cerebrosides in the SC compared with mesic sparrows. In this study, we investigated developmental plasticity of CWL and lipid composition of the SC in desert and mesic nestling house sparrows reared in low and high humidity and compared our results with previous work on adults. We measured CWL of nestlings and analyzed the lipid composition of the SC using thin-layer chromatography. We showed that nestling house sparrows from both localities had higher CWL than adults in their natural environment, a result of major modifications of the lipid composition of the SC. The expression of plasticity in CWL seems to be a response to opposed selection pressures, thermoregulation and water conservation, at different life stages, on which regulation of CWL plays a crucial role. Desert nestlings showed a greater degree of plasticity in CWL and lipid composition of the SC than did mesic nestlings, a finding consistent with the idea that organisms exposed to more environmental stress ought to be more plastic than individuals living in more benign environments.

Sierra/solid mechanics 4.22 user's guide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, Jesse David

2011-10-01

Sierra/SolidMechanics (Sierra/SM) is a Lagrangian, three-dimensional code for the analysis of solids and structures. It provides capabilities for explicit dynamic and implicit quasistatic and dynamic analyses. The explicit dynamics capabilities allow for the efficient and robust solution of models subjected to large, suddenly applied loads. For implicit problems, Sierra/SM uses a multi-level iterative solver, which enables it to effectively solve problems with large deformations, nonlinear material behavior, and contact. Sierra/SM has a versatile library of continuum and structural elements, and an extensive library of material models. The code is written for parallel computing environments, and it allows for scalable solutions of very large problems for both implicit and explicit analyses. It is built on the SIERRA Framework, which allows for coupling with other SIERRA mechanics codes. This document describes the functionality and input structure for Sierra/SM.

A longitudinal genetic survey identifies temporal shifts in the population structure of Dutch house sparrows

Science.gov (United States)

Cousseau, L; Husemann, M; Foppen, R; Vangestel, C; Lens, L

2016-01-01

Dutch house sparrow (Passer domesticus) densities dropped by nearly 50% since the early 1980s, and similar collapses in population sizes have been reported across Europe. Whether, and to what extent, such relatively recent demographic changes are accompanied by concomitant shifts in the genetic population structure of this species needs further investigation. Therefore, we here explore temporal shifts in genetic diversity, genetic structure and effective sizes of seven Dutch house sparrow populations. To allow the most powerful statistical inference, historical populations were resampled at identical locations and each individual bird was genotyped using nine polymorphic microsatellites. Although the demographic history was not reflected by a reduction in genetic diversity, levels of genetic differentiation increased over time, and the original, panmictic population (inferred from the museum samples) diverged into two distinct genetic clusters. Reductions in census size were supported by a substantial reduction in effective population size, although to a smaller extent. As most studies of contemporary house sparrow populations have been unable to identify genetic signatures of recent population declines, results of this study underpin the importance of longitudinal genetic surveys to unravel cryptic genetic patterns. PMID:27273323

ESPOSAS Y MADRES: LA SEXUALIDAD FEMENINA EN PEDRO PÁRAMO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DULCE ISABEL AGUIRRE BARRERA

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza las manifestaciones de la sexualidad de seis personajes femeninos en Pedro Páramo, de Juan Rulfo (Dolores Preciado, la madre de Pedro Páramo, Eduviges Dyada, Dorotea, Justina Díaz y Damiana Cisneros, en relación con los dos roles sexuados (esposa y madre asociados con el Deber-Ser femenino arquetípico de la ideología androcéntrica, con el propósito de estudiar las diferentes "recreaciones" y/o "transgresiones" de dichos roles en cada uno de los casos.

Guide to Using Sierra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaw, Ryan Phillip [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Agelastos, Anthony Michael [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Miller, Joel D. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-03-01

Sierra is an engineering mechanics simulation code suite supporting the Nation's Nuclear Weapons mission as well as other customers. It has explicit ties to Sandia National Labs' workfow, including geometry and meshing, design and optimization, and visualization. Dis- tinguishing strengths include "application aware" development, scalability, SQA and V&V, multiple scales, and multi-physics coupling. This document is intended to help new and existing users of Sierra as a user manual and troubleshooting guide.

Guide to Using Sierra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaw, Ryan Phillip; Agelastos, Anthony Michael; Miller, Joel D.

2017-04-01

Sierra is an engineering mechanics simulation code suite supporting the Nation's Nuclear Weapons mission as well as other customers. It has explicit ties to Sandia National Labs' workfow, including geometry and meshing, design and optimization, and visualization. Dis- tinguishing strengths include "application aware" development, scalability, SQA and V&V, multiple scales, and multi-physics coupling. This document is intended to help new and existing users of Sierra as a user manual and troubleshooting guide.

Corticosterone regulation in house sparrows invading Senegal.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Lynn B; Kilvitis, Holly J; Thiam, Massamba; Ardia, Daniel R

2017-09-01

What traits help organisms expand their ranges? Several behavioral and life history traits have been identified, but physiological and especially endocrinological factors have been minimally considered. Here, we asked whether steroid hormonal responses to stressors might be important. Previously, we found that corticosterone (CORT) responses to a standard restraint stressor were stronger at a range edge than at the core of the recent house sparrow (Passer domesticus) invasion of Kenya. In related work in the same system, we found that various behaviors (exploratory activity, responses to novelty, etc.) that are affected by CORT in other systems varied among sparrow populations in a manner that would suggest that CORT regulation directly influenced colonization success; birds at the range edge were less averse to novelty and more exploratory than birds from the core. Here, we asked whether the pattern in CORT regulation we observed in Kenya was also detectable in the more recent (∼1970) and independent invasion of Senegal. We found, as in Kenya, that Senegalese range-edge birds mounted stronger CORT responses to restraint than core birds. We also found lower baseline CORT in range-edge than core Senegalese birds, but little evidence for effects of individual sex, body mass or body size on CORT. Follow-up work will be necessary to resolve whether CORT regulation in Senegal (and Kenya) actively facilitated colonization success, but our work implicates glucocorticoids as a mediator of range expansion success, making stress responses potentially useful biomarkers of invasion risk. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Células madre limbocorneales: actualidades y aplicaciones terapéuticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogelio Villarreal Villarreal

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Las células madre son aquellas células poco diferenciadas capaces de autorrenovarse y diferenciarse hacia células especializadas en el cuerpo. Se encuentran en todos los tejidos autorrenovables como son los epitelios. En el caso del epitelio corneal se ha encontrado que las células madre están alojadas en la región límbica, y más concentradas en la región superior e inferior. Algunos de los marcadores que se utilizan para identificarlas son: p63, ABCG2, C/EBPd, Bmi1, Notch1, K19, vimentina, entro otros. Actualmente se ha estudiado la utilización de células madre límbicas en padecimientos que involucran deficiencia de las mismas: como daño químico o térmico a la superficie ocular, síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y aniridia. Para cultivar las células madre es necesario tomar una biopsia de limbo esclerocorneal de 1-2 mm2 la cual puede sembrarse directamente o ser tratada previamente con tripsina y dispasa para crear una suspensión de células. Se han utilizado capas alimentadoras de soporte como: fibroblastos 3T3, membrana amniótica, matrices extracelulares matrigel, colágeno, polímeros de gelificación termosensible y cápsula anterior de cristalino. Los medios de cultivo utilizados también varían, siendo los más utilizados el medio de Eagle modificado por Dulbecco, Ham F12, MCDB151, medio EpiLife, PCT, entre otros. Para transportar las células madre a la superficie ocular han sido estudiados diversos sustratos o medios de soporte. El que más se utiliza actualmente es la membrana amniótica, pero otros como lentes de contacto, geles de fibrina y biopolímeros termosensibles están también reportados.

Estrategia educativa para el cuidado domiciliario de los bebes prematuros: Madres usuarias del programa madre canguro de Tunja, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia Sonia Araque Salazar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y aplicar una estrategia educativa sobre cuidados del RN en el hogar, con los componentes: contacto piel a piel, posición canguro, lactancia materna exclusiva, temperatura ideal y oxigenación ideal. Permitiendo identificar conocimientos y capacidades para cuidar a sus hijos. Se evidenció la necesidad de empoderar a las madres para que ofrecieran el cuidado a sus hijos en el hogar por medio de la Teoría de Mediano Rango de Kristen Swanson. Materiales y Métodos: Se diseñó y aplicó un formato de evaluación sobre conocimientos de componentes del PMC, a diez madres. Se realizó la intervención educativa, en varios etapas con demostraciones prácticas en talleres; detección de vacíos conceptuales y acompañamiento con intervenciones personalizadas. Resultados: Se encontró falta de conocimiento sobre los ítems básicos de posición del niño, contacto piel a piel, alimentación, manejo del oxígeno, evaluación de la temperatura y respiración, signos de alarma y beneficios del PMC. Se detectaron factores culturales y del sistema de salud como obstáculos para que las mamás asumieran compromisos para con el cuidado de los bebés. Discusión: El correcto desarrollo del PMC ambulatorio debe iniciar partiendo del diagnóstico de necesidades educativas relacionadas con el cuidado materno perinatal. El apoyo del profesional de enfermería, es fundamental para que las madres tengan seguridad y autonomía dentro del domicilio. Conclusiones: El diseño de la estrategia educativa debe ser flexible, disponer de recursos humanos dedicados a capacitación individualizada, visitas de monitoreo y evaluación familiar, ya que contribuyen a afianzar el apoyo, disipar dudas, temores y en la correcta aplicación de las actividades prácticas del PMC. (Rev Cuid 2013; 4(1: 467-74.Palabras clave: Recién Nacido de Muy Bajo Peso, Prematuro, Cuidado del Niño, Método Madre- Canguro. (Fuente: De

Sierra Nevada Subregional Boundary - Sierra Nevada Conservancy [ds542

Data.gov (United States)

California Natural Resource Agency — Sierra Nevada Conservancy (SNC) boundary. The boundary was mapped to correspond with statute AB 2600 (2004) and as re-defined in AB 1201 (2005). Work on the boundary...

The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bech, Per; Allerup, Peter; Larsen, Erik Roj

2014-01-01

The objective of this re-analysis of the European Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression Study (GENDEP) was to psychometrically test the unidimensionality of the full Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS10) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D17) versus their respective...... subscales (MADRS5 and HAM-D6) containing the core symptoms of depression severity. Rasch analysis was applied using RUMM 2030 software to assess the overall fit for unidimensionality. Neither the MADRS10 nor the HAM-D17 was found to fit the Rasch model for unidimensionality. The HAM-D6 (containing the items...... of depressed mood, guilt, work and interests, psychomotor retardation, psychic anxiety, and somatic general) as well as the analogue MADRS5 were tested for unidimensionality by use of the RUMM 2030 programme, and only the HAM-D6 was accepted. When testing for invariance across rating weeks or centres, the RUMM...

Expresiones de afecto de madres bilingües, Bilingual mothers' expressions of affect

Science.gov (United States)

Shiro, Martha

2015-01-01

En la interacción de 10 madres bilingües con sus hijos de 30 meses se analiza la expresión de afectividad en L1 y en L2. Se identificaron las expresiones de emoción, volición y actitud epistémica en 30 interacciones espontáneas: i. 10 madres (español L1) hablando en L1; ii. 10 madres (español L1) hablando en inglés L2; y iii. 10 madres (inglés L1) hablando en L1. Los resultados sugieren que los usos de L2 difieren de los de L1 (inglés o español): la expresión de volición y actitud epistémica se asemeja al inglés L1, mientras que la expresión de las emociones se acerca al español L1. Estos hallazgos permiten explicar los usos del lenguaje expresivo de los bilingües y ayudan a determinar sus efectos en el desarrollo del lenguaje PMID:25844004

Song variation and environmental auditory masking in the grasshopper sparrow

Science.gov (United States)

Lohr, Bernard; Dooling, Robert J.; Gill, Douglas E.

2004-05-01

Some grassland bird species, in particular grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), sing songs with especially high mean frequencies (7.0-8.0 kHz). Acoustic interference is one potential explanation for the evolution of high frequency vocalizations, particularly in open habitats. We tested predictions from a model of effective auditory communication distances to understand the potential effects of vocal production and environmental auditory masking on vocal behavior and territoriality. Variation in the spectral structure of songs and the size and shape of territories was measured for grasshopper sparrows in typical grassland habitats. Median territory areas were 1629 m2 at a site in the center of the species range in Nebraska, and 1466 m2 at our study site in Maryland, with average territory diameters measuring 20.2 m. Species densities and sound pressure levels also were determined for stridulating insects and other noise sources in the habitat. Based on current models of effective communication distances, known noise levels, and information on hearing abilities, our results suggest that auditory sensitivity and environmental noise could be factors influencing the mean frequency and spatial dynamics of territorial behavior in grassland birds. [Work supported by NIH and the CRFRC.

Células madre limbocorneales: actualidades y aplicaciones terapéuticas

OpenAIRE

Villarreal Villarreal, Rogelio; Vela Barrera, Iván Daryl; Villarreal Guerra, Pablo; Moreno Treviño, María Guadalupe; Rivera Silva, Gerardo

2015-01-01

Las células madre son aquellas células poco diferenciadas capaces de autorrenovarse y diferenciarse hacia células especializadas en el cuerpo. Se encuentran en todos los tejidos autorrenovables como son los epitelios. En el caso del epitelio corneal se ha encontrado que las células madre están alojadas en la región límbica, y más concentradas en la región superior e inferior. Algunos de los marcadores que se utilizan para identificarlas son: p63, ABCG2, C/EBPd, Bmi1, Notch1, K19, vimentina, e...

NO MALEFICENCIA E INVESTIGACIÓN CON CÉLULAS MADRE EMBRIONARIAS

OpenAIRE

Bosch Barrera, Joaquim; Vidal Bota, Joan

2007-01-01

La investigación con células madre embrionarias genera un debate ético sobre su obtención. Se han propuesto distintos métodos que intentan salvar este conflicto, como son la obtención de una única célula embrionaria, la transferencia nuclear alterada, el uso de embriones detenidos y la reprogramación celular. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la valoración ética de estas nuevas técnicas y otros aspectos atinentes a la investigación con células madre embrionarias en relación con el principi...

TERRA – MADRE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Ampario Osorio

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Cantante, danzatrice, esperta di canti religiosi di tutto il mondo, Luz è figlia di quattro lingue diverse: spagnolo, olandese, inglese, italiano e ha letto poesie scritte in quelle lingue. Tema centrale, il legame fra l’individuo e la terra, sua madre, a cui tornare sempre. Terra da amare, rispettare, cantare.  Earth - Mother Singer, dancer, expert on religious songs from around the world, Luz is the daughter of four different languages: Spanish, Dutch, English, Italian and she read poems written in these languages. The central theme is the link between the individual and the earth, the mother, to whom one always returns. Earth to love, to respect, to celebrate.

Satisfacción de las madres con la atención a sus hijos hospitalizados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Guadalupe Moreno-Monsiváis

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores que se relacionan con la satisfacción de la madre con la atención que recibe su hijo hospitalizado. La muestra: 127 madres de niños hospitalizados en una institución pública de Monterrey, N.L., México. Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó el cuestionario de satisfacción del familiar pediátrico. El manejo del dolor fue un factor importante para la satisfacción de las madres participantes. La satisfacción de la madre con el servicio de hospitalización se asoció con la satisfacción con la atención de enfermería (rs = 0,458; p= 0,0001. La edad del hijo, el número de hospitalizaciones previas y la percepción de su estado de salud no fueron factores significativos para la satisfacción de las madres. Es importante que el servicio de hospitalización y la atención de enfermería respondan a las expectativas de los familiares de estos pacientes.

Physiological responses to food deprivation in the house sparrow, a species not adapted to prolonged fasting.

Science.gov (United States)

Khalilieh, Anton; McCue, Marshall D; Pinshow, Berry

2012-09-01

Many wild birds fast during reproduction, molting, migration, or because of limited food availability. Species that are adapted to fasting sequentially oxidize endogenous fuels in three discrete phases. We hypothesized that species not adapted to long fasts have truncated, but otherwise similar, phases of fasting, sequential changes in fuel oxidization, and similar changes in blood metabolites to fasting-adapted species. We tested salient predictions in house sparrows (Passer domesticus biblicus), a subspecies that is unable to tolerate more than ~32 h of fasting. Our main hypothesis was that fasting sparrows sequentially oxidize substrates in the order carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. We dosed 24 house sparrows with [(13)C]glucose, palmitic acid, or glycine and measured (13)CO(2) in their breath while they fasted for 24 h. To ascertain whether blood metabolite levels reflect fasting-induced changes in metabolic fuels, we also measured glucose, triacylglycerides, and β-hydroxybutyrate in the birds' blood. The results of both breath (13)CO(2) and plasma metabolite analyses did not support our hypothesis; i.e., that sparrows have the same metabolic responses characteristic of fasting-adapted species, but on a shorter time scale. Contrary to our main prediction, we found that recently assimilated (13)C-tracers were oxidized continuously in different patterns with no definite peaks corresponding to the three phases of fasting and also that changes in plasma metabolite levels accurately tracked the changes found by breath analysis. Notably, the rate of recently assimilated [(13)C]glycine oxidization was significantly higher (P fast for longer than 32 h is likely related to their inability to accrue large lipid stores, separately oxidize different fuels, and/or spare protein during fasting.

White-throated sparrows alter songs differentially in response to chorusing anurans and other background noise.

Science.gov (United States)

Lenske, Ariel K; La, Van T

2014-06-01

Animals can use acoustic signals to attract mates and defend territories. As a consequence, background noise that interferes with signal transmission has the potential to reduce fitness, especially in birds that rely on song. While much research on bird song has investigated vocal flexibility in response to urban noise, weather and other birds, the possibility of inter-class acoustic competition from anurans has not been previously studied. Using sound recordings from central Ontario wetlands, we tested if white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicolis) make short-term changes to their singing behaviour in response to chorusing spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), as well as to car noise, wind and other bird vocalizations. White-throated sparrow songs that were sung during the spring peeper chorus were shorter with higher minimum frequencies and narrower bandwidths resulting in reduced frequency overlap. Additionally, sparrows were less likely to sing when car noise and the vocalizations of other birds were present. These patterns suggest that birds use multiple adjustment strategies. This is the first report to demonstrate that birds may alter their songs differentially in response to different sources of noise. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: insert SI title. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the nest site preferences of Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows, and hybrids

Science.gov (United States)

Saltmarsh Sparrows (hereafter SALS) are named on the National Audubon Society’s current WatchList as a species of global conservation concern (National Audubon Society 2007). Anthropogenic climate change is perhaps the largest threat to SALS populations because sea level ri...

Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.46 Example Problems Manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plews, Julia A.; Crane, Nathan K; de Frias, Gabriel Jose; Le, San; Littlewood, David John; Merewether, Mark Thomas; Mosby, Matthew David; Pierson, Kendall H.; Porter, Vicki L.; Shelton, Timothy; Thomas, Jesse David; Tupek, Michael R.; Veilleux, Michael

2018-03-01

Presented in this document are tests that exist in the Sierra/SolidMechanics example problem suite, which is a subset of the Sierra/SM regression and performance test suite. These examples showcase common and advanced code capabilities. A wide variety of other regression and verification tests exist in the Sierra/SM test suite that are not included in this manual.

Adaptation to ephemeral habitat may overcome natural barriers and severe habitat fragmentation in a fire-dependent species, the Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis).

Science.gov (United States)

Cerame, Blain; Cox, James A; Brumfield, Robb T; Tucker, James W; Taylor, Sabrina S

2014-01-01

Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis) is a fire-dependent species that has undergone range-wide population declines in recent decades. We examined genetic diversity in Bachman's Sparrows to determine whether natural barriers have led to distinct population units and to assess the effect of anthropogenic habitat loss and fragmentation. Genetic diversity was examined across the geographic range by genotyping 226 individuals at 18 microsatellite loci and sequencing 48 individuals at mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Multiple analyses consistently demonstrated little genetic structure and high levels of genetic variation, suggesting that populations are panmictic. Based on these genetic data, separate management units/subspecies designations or translocations to promote gene flow among fragmented populations do not appear to be necessary. Panmixia in Bachman's Sparrow may be a consequence of an historical range expansion and retraction. Alternatively, high vagility in Bachman's Sparrow may be an adaptation to the ephemeral, fire-mediated habitat that this species prefers. In recent times, high vagility also appears to have offset inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in highly fragmented habitat.

Comparison of intraosseous pentobarbital administration and thoracic compression for euthanasia of anesthetized sparrows (Passer domesticus) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Science.gov (United States)

Paul-Murphy, Joanne R; Engilis, Andrew; Pascoe, Peter J; Williams, D Colette; Gustavsen, Kate A; Drazenovich, Tracy L; Keel, M Kevin; Polley, Tamsen M; Engilis, Irene E

2017-08-01

OBJECTIVE To compare intraosseous pentobarbital treatment (IPT) and thoracic compression (TC) on time to circulatory arrest and an isoelectric electroencephalogram (EEG) in anesthetized passerine birds. ANIMALS 30 wild-caught adult birds (17 house sparrows [Passer domesticus] and 13 European starlings [Sturnus vulgaris]). PROCEDURES Birds were assigned to receive IPT or TC (n = 6/species/group). Birds were anesthetized, and carotid arterial pulses were monitored by Doppler methodology. Five subdermal braided-wire electrodes were used for EEG. Anesthetic depth was adjusted until a continuous EEG pattern was maintained, then euthanasia was performed. Times from initiation of euthanasia to cessation of carotid pulse and irreversible isoelectric EEG (indicators of death) were measured. Data (medians and first to third quartiles) were summarized and compared between groups within species. Necropsies were performed for all birds included in experiments and for another 6 birds euthanized under anesthesia by TC (4 sparrows and 1 starling) or IPT (1 sparrow). RESULTS Median time to isoelectric EEG did not differ significantly between treatment groups for sparrows (19.0 and 6.0 seconds for TC and IPT, respectively) or starlings (88.5 and 77.5 seconds for TC and IPT, respectively). Median times to cessation of pulse were significantly shorter for TC than for IPT in sparrows (0.0 vs 18.5 seconds) and starlings (9.5 vs 151.0 seconds). On necropsy, most (14/17) birds that underwent TC had grossly visible coelomic, pericardial, or perihepatic hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that TC might be an efficient euthanasia method for small birds. Digital pressure directly over the heart during TC obstructed venous return, causing rapid circulatory arrest, with rupture of the atria or vena cava in several birds. The authors propose that cardiac compression is a more accurate description than TC for this procedure.

Susceptibility and antibody response of Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) to West Nile virus: A potential amplification host in sagebrush-grassland habitat

Science.gov (United States)

Hofmeister, Erik K.; Dusek, Robert J.; Fassbinder-Orth, Carol; Owen, Benjamin; Franson, J. Christian

2016-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV) spread to the US western plains states in 2003, when a significant mortality event attributed to WNV occurred in Greater Sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ). The role of avian species inhabiting sagebrush in the amplification of WNV in arid and semiarid regions of the North America is unknown. We conducted an experimental WNV challenge study in Vesper Sparrows ( Pooecetes gramineus ), a species common to sagebrush and grassland habitats found throughout much of North America. We found Vesper Sparrows to be moderately susceptible to WNV, developing viremia considered sufficient to transmit WNV to feeding mosquitoes, but the majority of birds were capable of surviving infection and developing a humoral immune response to the WNV nonstructural 1 and envelope proteins. Despite clearance of viremia, after 6 mo, WNV was detected molecularly in three birds and cultured from one bird. Surviving Vesper Sparrows were resistant to reinfection 6 mo after the initial challenge. Vesper sparrows could play a role in the amplification of WNV in sagebrush habitat and other areas of their range, but rapid clearance of WNV may limit their importance as competent amplification hosts of WNV.

Células madre y terapia celular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Una célula madre (CM o célula troncal es aquella capaz de dividirse indefinidamente y diferenciarse a distintos tipos de células especializadas, no sólo morfológica sino también funcionalmente. Las células madre pueden clasificarse atendiendo a su origen en células madre adultas (CMA y células madre embrionarias (CME. Por sus características, las CM tienen potencialidades para diversos usos en la práctica clínica. La primera es como vehículo terapéutico de genes, en el caso de enfermedades monogénicas o incluso como vehículo de terapias antitumorales o antiangiogénicas. La segunda y principal aplicación es, aprovechando su potencial de diferenciación, en la regeneración de tejidos destruidos o dañados, como terapia de reemplazo celular o medicina regenerativa. En esta área se están desarrollando trabajos de investigación donde se busca reemplazar células dañadas por otras que restituyan la función normal de los tejidos u órganos; en enfermedades como: diabetes mellitus, enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedad de Parkinson y enfermedades de células sanguíneas. Actualmente existen muchas investigaciones enfocadas a descubrir células progenitoras que sirvan como banco de células para usos terapéuticos. Se reporta el empleo de varias estrategias, las que incluyen: terapias celulares derivadas de células autólogas; terapias celulares derivadas de líneas celulares establecidas desde una variedad de CM que incluyen MO, cordón umbilical, CME, así como células de tejidos y órganos de animales genéticamente modificados. Las principales aplicaciones se realizan con CM de la médula ósea (MO, ya que esta es un recurso celular propio, accesible y abundante para la terapia celular. (1 En la MO existe un grupo heterogéneo de CMA; además de las hematopoyéticas (CMH están las: endoteliales, mesenquimales (CMM, de la población lateral, progenitoras adultas multipotentes, ovales y también células madre muy peque

Visión de las madres en el cuidado del hijo prematuro en el hogar

OpenAIRE

Castiblanco López, Nubia; Muñoz de Rodríguez, Lucy

2012-01-01

Objetivo: describir el significado que tiene para las madres cuidar el recién nacido prematuro en el hogar, desde su contexto cultural.Diseño: estudio de tipo cualitativo etnográfico basado en la teoría de Madeleine Leininger.Muestra: la información, obtenida de observación y 23 entrevistas a las madres en su hogar, se recolectó y se analizó según la entrevista y análisis etnográficos de James Spradley.Participantes: ocho madres de recién nacidos prematuros que asistieron a control al Program...

Redes del cuidado: Ética del destino compartido en las madres comunitarias antioqueñas

OpenAIRE

Mauricio Hernando Bedoya-Hernández

2013-01-01

En este artículo abordo el problema de las redes de apoyo de las madres comunitarias. Objetivo: Identificar el significado que las madres comunitarias dan al cuidado propio, en relación al cuidado promovido en los niños y niñas de los hogares comunitarios a su cargo. Alcance: ampliación de las comprensiones acerca de las prácticas de cuidado en las madres comunitarias de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: con enfoque cualitativo y metodología fenomenológica-hermenéutica, del estudio particip...

SPARROW models used to understand nutrient sources in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.

2013-01-01

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. To describe where and from what sources those loads originate, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were constructed for the MARB using geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and calibration sites throughout the MARB. Previous studies found that highest N and P yields were from the north-central part of the MARB (Corn Belt). Based on the MARB SPARROW models, highest N yields were still from the Corn Belt but centered over Iowa and Indiana, and highest P yields were widely distributed throughout the center of the MARB. Similar to that found in other studies, agricultural inputs were found to be the largest N and P sources throughout most of the MARB: farm fertilizers were the largest N source, whereas farm fertilizers, manure, and urban inputs were dominant P sources. The MARB models enable individual N and P sources to be defined at scales ranging from SPARROW catchments (∼50 km2) to the entire area of the MARB. Inputs of P from WWTPs and urban areas were more important than found in most other studies. Information from this study will help to reduce nutrient loading from the MARB by providing managers with a description of where each of the sources of N and P are most important, thus providing a basis for prioritizing management actions and ultimately reducing the extent of Gulf hypoxia.

Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Robert K.; Shaffer, Terry L.; Grant, Todd A.; Derrig, James L.; Rubin, Cory S.; Kerns, Courtney K.

2017-01-01

Prescribed fire is used to reverse invasion by woody vegetation on grasslands, but managers often are uncertain whether influences of shrub and tree reduction outweigh potential effects of fire on nest survival of grassland birds. During the 2001–2003 breeding seasons, we examined relationships of prescribed fire and woody vegetation to nest survival of clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) and Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) in mixed-grass prairie at Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern North Dakota, USA. We assessed relationships of nest survival to 1) recent fire history, in terms of number of breeding seasons (2, 3, or 4–5) since the last prescribed fire, and 2) prevalence of trees and tall (>1.5 m) shrubs in the landscape and of low (≤1.5 m) shrubs within 5 m of nests. Nest survival of both species exhibited distinct patterns related to age of the nest and day of year, but bore no relationship to fire history. Survival of clay-colored sparrow nests declined as the amount of trees and tall shrubs within 100 m increased, but we found no relationship to suggest nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) as an underlying mechanism. We found little evidence linking nest survival of Savannah sparrow to woody vegetation. Our results suggest that fire can be used to restore northern mixed-grass prairies without adversely affecting nest survival of ≥2 widespread passerine species. Survival of nests of clay-colored sparrow may increase when tall woody cover is reduced by fire. Our data lend support to the use of fire for reducing scattered patches of tall woody cover to enhance survival of nests of ≥1 grassland bird species in northern mixed-grass prairies, but further study is needed that incorporates experimental approaches and assessments of shorter term effects of fire on survival of nests of grassland passerines.

Sierra toolkit computational mesh conceptual model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baur, David G.; Edwards, Harold Carter; Cochran, William K.; Williams, Alan B.; Sjaardema, Gregory D.

2010-01-01

The Sierra Toolkit computational mesh is a software library intended to support massively parallel multi-physics computations on dynamically changing unstructured meshes. This domain of intended use is inherently complex due to distributed memory parallelism, parallel scalability, heterogeneity of physics, heterogeneous discretization of an unstructured mesh, and runtime adaptation of the mesh. Management of this inherent complexity begins with a conceptual analysis and modeling of this domain of intended use; i.e., development of a domain model. The Sierra Toolkit computational mesh software library is designed and implemented based upon this domain model. Software developers using, maintaining, or extending the Sierra Toolkit computational mesh library must be familiar with the concepts/domain model presented in this report.

Familia transnacional y remesas: padres y madres migrantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Zapata Martínez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo presento los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo comprender los cambios que se dan en las familias a partir de la emigración del padre o la madre y la recepción de remesas -sociales y familiares- por parte de los hijos y las hijas en la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia. La unidad de análisis fue la familia, entendida desde una perspectiva transnacional, en la que no sólo se incluye al padre o la madre migrante, sino también a los miembros que se quedan en el país de origen (hijos, hijas, tíos, tías y abuelas, quienes sostienen vínculos afectivos a través de la distancia y hacen parte de la red de apoyo, generando nuevas dinámicas familiares.

Estrategias de intervención para la escuela de padres y madres.

OpenAIRE

Ricoy Lorenzo, María Carmen; Feliz Murias, Tiberio

2002-01-01

Entendemos por Escuela de Padres y Madres una intervención social de carácter formativo, orientada a las familias, que se centra esencialmente en estrategias preventivas en cualquiera de sus modalidades (primaria, secundaria o terciaria). A pesar de que las Escuela de Padres y Madres pueden adoptar diversos enfoques psicológicos, recomendamos la búsqueda de propuestas holísticas e integradoras no reduccionista. Las diversas formas de intervención que se pueden combinar se han d...

Células madre mesenquimales orales: estado del arte en Odontología

OpenAIRE

M. Cea-Sanhueza; G. Sánchez-Sanhueza

2016-01-01

Desde la organogénesis y hasta estadios adultos, las células madre mesenquimales participan activamente dando origen y manteniéndola homeostasis del organismo. En la cavidad oral han sido aisladas desde variadas estructuras del órgano dental tales como el ligamento periodontal, pulpa dental, tejido gingival, folículo dental y papila apical significando una prometedora fuente de células madre mesenquimales las que pueden ser caracterizadas de acuerdo a los criterios mínimos establecidos por "T...

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

OpenAIRE

Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González

2009-01-01

El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria) entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estud...

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

OpenAIRE

Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González; Ivonne Vizcarra-Bordi

2009-01-01

El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria) entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un est...

Modeling interfacial fracture in Sierra.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brown, Arthur A.; Ohashi, Yuki; Lu, Wei-Yang; Nelson, Stacy A. C.; Foulk, James W.,; Reedy, Earl David,; Austin, Kevin N.; Margolis, Stephen B.

2013-09-01

This report summarizes computational efforts to model interfacial fracture using cohesive zone models in the SIERRA/SolidMechanics (SIERRA/SM) finite element code. Cohesive surface elements were used to model crack initiation and propagation along predefined paths. Mesh convergence was observed with SIERRA/SM for numerous geometries. As the funding for this project came from the Advanced Simulation and Computing Verification and Validation (ASC V&V) focus area, considerable effort was spent performing verification and validation. Code verification was performed to compare code predictions to analytical solutions for simple three-element simulations as well as a higher-fidelity simulation of a double-cantilever beam. Parameter identification was conducted with Dakota using experimental results on asymmetric double-cantilever beam (ADCB) and end-notched-flexure (ENF) experiments conducted under Campaign-6 funding. Discretization convergence studies were also performed with respect to mesh size and time step and an optimization study was completed for mode II delamination using the ENF geometry. Throughout this verification process, numerous SIERRA/SM bugs were found and reported, all of which have been fixed, leading to over a 10-fold increase in convergence rates. Finally, mixed-mode flexure experiments were performed for validation. One of the unexplained issues encountered was material property variability for ostensibly the same composite material. Since the variability is not fully understood, it is difficult to accurately assess uncertainty when performing predictions.

Parasite prevalence in Worthen’s Sparrow (Spizella wortheni: Mexican endemic and endangered species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Canales-del-Castillo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The Worthen’s sparrow is an endemic bird of the Mexican Plateau that due to its limited distribution and population size is considered to be endangered, both nationally and globally. In general, species at risk have been, at least historically, under population size and genetic diversity reductions, which are factors that can act together to increase infections risk and susceptibility. Therefore, with the purpose to determine such propensity in this species, we analyzed the intestinal parasitic infection through fecal samples from 11 individuals, and hemoparasites, hematocrit and differential leukocyte quantification from one sample. Results indicated that 91% of the samples had one parasite taxon, with genus Cryptosporidium showing the highest prevalence (64%, followed by Eimeria (55%, and Ascaridia (9%. However, mean values of oocysts/eggs per gram indicated a low parasitic infection. We found no blood parasites, and the white blood cell counts were among reference values for other sparrow species.

Comparative BAC-based mapping in the white-throated sparrow, a novel behavioral genomics model, using interspecies overgo hybridization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonser Rusty A

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The genomics era has produced an arsenal of resources from sequenced organisms allowing researchers to target species that do not have comparable mapping and sequence information. These new "non-model" organisms offer unique opportunities to examine environmental effects on genomic patterns and processes. Here we use comparative mapping as a first step in characterizing the genome organization of a novel animal model, the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis, which occurs as white or tan morphs that exhibit alternative behaviors and physiology. Morph is determined by the presence or absence of a complex chromosomal rearrangement. This species is an ideal model for behavioral genomics because the association between genotype and phenotype is absolute, making it possible to identify the genomic bases of phenotypic variation. Findings We initiated a genomic study in this species by characterizing the white-throated sparrow BAC library via filter hybridization with overgo probes designed for the chicken, turkey, and zebra finch. Cross-species hybridization resulted in 640 positive sparrow BACs assigned to 77 chicken loci across almost all macro-and microchromosomes, with a focus on the chromosomes associated with morph. Out of 216 overgos, 36% of the probes hybridized successfully, with an average number of 3.0 positive sparrow BACs per overgo. Conclusions These data will be utilized for determining chromosomal architecture and for fine-scale mapping of candidate genes associated with phenotypic differences. Our research confirms the utility of interspecies hybridization for developing comparative maps in other non-model organisms.

El cuerpo de las jóvenes madres solteras universitarias: representaciones y estrategias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa María Huerta Mata

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizan las estrategias que crean las madres solteras sobre sus cuerpos, así como las representaciones de éstos en la universidad, en el sistema de salud y en las redes de apoyo familiar de las estudiantes universitarias. Para ello realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a 14 docentes y personal administrativo de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí entre febrero a mayo del año 2014. Además elaboramos los relatos de vida de ocho jóvenes madres solteras que asisten a la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Ingresar en la maternidad como madres solteras no propicia de manera general el ejercicio de agencia sobre los métodos anticonceptivos. Estas jóvenes asumen agencias parciales sobre sus cuerpos en el espacio universitario al presentarse con sus hijos en la universidad. Faltan normativas universitarias que legitimen socialmente a los cuerpos de las madres solteras universitarias. Por otro lado, la relación entre su capacidad de agencia y sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos, no se establece en conocimientos teóricos y conceptuales sino en reflexiones y acciones carentes de un sustento teórico que les permita ejercer con mayor fuerza sus derechos.

Cutaneous water loss and covalently bound lipids of the stratum corneum in nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus L.) from desert and mesic habitats.

Science.gov (United States)

Clement, Michelle E; Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí; Williams, Joseph B

2012-04-01

Lipids of the stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis of birds and mammals, provide a barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. The SC of birds consists of flat dead cells, called corneocytes, and two lipid compartments: an intercellular matrix and a monolayer of covalently bound lipids (CBLs) attached to the outer surface of the corneocytes. We previously found two classes of sphingolipids, ceramides and cerebrosides, covalently bound to corneocytes in the SC of house sparrows (Passer domesticus L.); these lipids were associated with cutaneous water loss (CWL). In this study, we collected adult and nestling house sparrows from Ohio and nestlings from Saudi Arabia, acclimated them to either high or low humidity, and measured their rates of CWL. We also measured CWL for natural populations of nestlings from Ohio and Saudi Arabia, beginning when chicks were 2 days old until they fledged. We then evaluated the composition of the CBLs of the SC of sparrows using thin layer chromatography. We found that adult house sparrows had a greater diversity of CBLs in their SC than previously described. During ontogeny, nestling sparrows increased the amount of CBLs and developed their CBLs differently, depending on their habitat. Acclimating nestlings to different humidity regimes did not alter the ontogeny of the CBLs, suggesting that these lipids represent a fundamental component of SC organization that does not respond to short-term environmental change.

Reading Comprehension Instruction Practices in Sierra Leone

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hersbach, S.; Denessen, E.J.P.G.; Droop, W.

2014-01-01

Aim: In this study an attempt was made to give insight in the way reading comprehension is taught in Sierra Leone. Attention was paid to the didactical strategies and the materials used during reading comprehension instruction. Methodology: Primary school teachers in Sierra Leone (N=43) were

Nivel de conocimiento y actitudes de las madres puérperas sobre estimulación temprana en niños menores de un año en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé

OpenAIRE

Arias-Fernández, Sylvia; Chanamé-Ampuero, Eva

2014-01-01

Objetivo: medir el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes de las madres puérperas acerca de la estimulación temprana. Material y métodos: investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 65 madres del Hospital San Bartolomé Madre-Niño. Se construyó dos tipos de cuestionario: el primero, para evaluar elnivel de conocimientos, y estuvo constituido por 15 preguntas; y el segundo, para evaluar el nivel de actitudes, constituido por 10 preguntas. Resulta...

Newcastle disease virus infection in sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linneaus, 1758 captured in poultry farms of the agreste region of the State of Pernambuco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JSA Silva

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Reservoir competence for the Newcastle Disease virus (NDV was evaluated in sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linnaeus 1758 captured on a commercial poultry farm and a chicken hatchery in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. A total number of 103 birds collected from a poultry farm (24/103 and a chicken hatchery (79/103 were examined. Hemagglutination inhibition tests, isolation, and viral characterization were performed in all samples collected from each bird. Titers ranging from 1:2 to 1:64 were detectable in 10.68% of sparrows, but positive serology and viral isolation were obtained only from sparrows captured at the hatchery. Hemagglutination activity was inhibited by anti-avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1 serum, and this sample showed an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICOI of 0.21, which is similar to the B1 stock vaccine (0.20 used for vaccination in those farms. Therefore, it was concluded that the sparrows were infected by stock vaccine virus, and that these birds could be a reservoir for NDV. However, additional studies involving sequencing of the virus genome of stock vaccine must be carried out.

Evaluation of a reproductive index to estimate grasshopper sparrow and eastern meadowlark reproductive success

Science.gov (United States)

Althoff, Donald P.; Gipson, P.S.; Pontius, J.S.; Japuntich, R.D.

2009-01-01

We compared an index of reproductive success based on breeding behavior to actual nest fates of grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) on 12 plots (4-ha). Concordance of results between the two methods was 58% for grasshopper sparrows and 42% for eastern meadowlarks on a plot-by-plot basis. The indirect method yielded higher estimates of reproductive activity than nest monitoring for the balance of the plots,. There was little evidence that brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism influenced the estimates of reproductive success using the indirect method. We concluded that nests and about-to-fledge nestlings were missed during searches on some plots. It may be appropriate to use an indirect method to more efficiently survey territories and/or plots for species with hard-to-find nests or when monitoring large areas. Use of a reproductive index may be appropriate and more time-efficient than nest searching and monitoring for comparing management effects such as burning, grazing, haying, military training, and other localized disturbances that are likely to affect reproductive success of grasshopper sparrows and eastern meadowlarks. However, nest monitoring may be necessary for more precise estimates of productivity necessary for long-term monitoring. Nest monitoring results are also likely to allow for direct comparisons to results from other studies because the index method requires intimate knowledge of the species being evaluated - a factor that could lead to reduced precision because the experience level of technicians relying only on behavioral cues from study-to-study is likely to vary considerably.

Throwing the baby out with the bathwater: a critique of Sparrow's inclusive definition of the term 'in vitro eugenics'.

Science.gov (United States)

Fujita, Misao; Yashiro, Yoshimi; Suzuki, Mika

2014-11-01

Sparrow highlights three potential applications of in vitro eugenics, that is, (a) research into the heredity of genetic disorders, (b) production of cell lines with specific genotypes, and (c) breeding better babies, and points to the need for researchers to discuss in advance the potential ethical problems that may emerge if the realization of this technology occurs in the near future. In this commentary, we pose a question for the sake of discussion. Is it, in fact, appropriate to label all three applications raised by Sparrow as eugenics? By doing so, an unnecessary level of concern might be borne among the public, and as a result, the sound development of this specialized technology would be affected. If the label of eugenics is to be applied to all three of these applications, then Sparrow must justify how he perceives (a) and (b) as not inherently different from (c). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

New England SPARROW Water-Quality Modeling to Assist with the Development of Total Maximum Daily Loads in the Connecticut River Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R. B.; Robinson, K. W.; Simcox, A. C.; Johnston, C. M.

2002-05-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEWIPCC), is currently preparing a water-quality model, called SPARROW, to assist in the regional total maximum daily load (TMDL) studies in New England. A model is required to provide estimates of nutrient loads and confidence intervals at unmonitored stream reaches. SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes) is a spatially detailed, statistical model that uses regression equations to relate total phosphorus and nitrogen (nutrient) stream loads to pollution sources and watershed characteristics. These statistical relations are then used to predict nutrient loads in unmonitored streams. The New England SPARROW model is based on a hydrologic network of 42,000 stream reaches and associated watersheds. Point source data are derived from USEPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS). Information about nonpoint sources is derived from data such as fertilizer use, livestock wastes, and atmospheric deposition. Watershed characteristics include land use, streamflow, time-of-travel, stream density, percent wetlands, slope of the land surface, and soil permeability. Preliminary SPARROW results are expected in Spring 2002. The New England SPARROW model is proposed for use in the TMDL determination for nutrients in the Connecticut River Basin, upstream of Connecticut. The model will be used to estimate nitrogen loads from each of the upstream states to Long Island Sound. It will provide estimates and confidence intervals of phosphorus and nitrogen loads, area-weighted yields of nutrients by watershed, sources of nutrients, and the downstream movement of nutrients. This information will be used to (1) understand ranges in nutrient levels in surface waters, (2) identify the environmental factors that affect nutrient levels in streams, (3) evaluate monitoring efforts for better determination of

The metamorphic basement of the southern Sierra de Aconquija, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas: Provenance and tectonic setting of a Neoproterozoic back-arc basin

Science.gov (United States)

Cisterna, Clara Eugenia; Altenberger, Uwe; Mon, Ricardo; Günter, Christina; Gutiérrez, Antonio

2018-03-01

The Eastern Sierras Pampeanas are mainly composed of Neoproterozoic-early Palaeozoic metamorphic complexes whose protoliths were sedimentary sequences deposited along the western margin of Gondwana. South of the Sierra de Aconquija, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, a voluminous metamorphic complex crops out. It is mainly composed of schists, gneisses, marbles, calk-silicate schists, thin layers of amphibolites intercalated with the marbles and granitic veins. The new data correlate the Sierra de Aconquija with others metamorphic units that crop out to the south, at the middle portion of the Sierra de Ancasti. Bulk rock composition reflects originally shales, iron rich shales, wackes, minor litharenites and impure limestones as its protoliths. Moreover, comparisons with the northern Sierra de Aconquija and from La Majada (Sierra de Ancasti) show similar composition. Amphibolites have a basaltic precursor, like those from the La Majada (Sierra de Ancasti) ones. The analyzed metamorphic sequence reflects low to moderate weathering conditions in the sediments source environment and their chemical composition would be mainly controlled by the tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin rather than by the secondary sorting and reworking of older deposits. The sediments composition reveal relatively low maturity, nevertheless the Fe - shale and the litharenite show a tendency of minor maturity among them. The source is related to an acid one for the litharenite protolith and a more basic to intermediate for the other rocks, suggesting a main derivation from intermediate to felsic orogen. The source of the Fe-shales may be related to and admixture of the sediments with basic components. Overall the composition point to an upper continental crust as the dominant sediment source for most of the metasedimentary rocks. The protolith of the amphibolites have basic precursors, related to an evolving back-arc basin. The chemical data in combination with the specific sediment association

Interaction of an Introduced Predator with Future Effects of Climate Change in the Recruitment Dynamics of the Imperiled Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog (Rana sierrae)

Science.gov (United States)

I Lacan; Kathleen R. Matthews; K.V. Feldman

2008-01-01

Between-year variation in snowpack (from 20 to 200% of average) and summer rainfall cause large fluctuations in volume of small lakes in the higher elevation (> 3000 m) Sierra Nevada, which are important habitat for the imperiled Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog, Rana sierrae. Climate change (global warming) is predicted to increase these...

Sierra/SD User's Notes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Munday, Lynn Brendon; Day, David M.; Bunting, Gregory; Miller, Scott T; Crane, Nathan K

2018-03-01

Sierra/SD provides a massively parallel implementation of structural dynamics finite element analysis, required for high fidelity, validated models used in modal, vibration, static and shock analysis of weapons systems. This document provides a users guide to the input for Sierra/SD. Details of input specifications for the different solution types, output options, element types and parameters are included. The appendices contain detailed examples, and instructions for running the software on parallel platforms.

Archaeological obsidian from La Sierra Gorda Mexico, by PIXE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Juarez-Cossio, D.; Terreros, E.; Quiroz-Moreno, J.; Romero-Sanchez, S.; Calligaro, T.F.; Tenorio, D.; Jimenez-Reyes, M.; Los Rios, M. de

2009-01-01

The chemical compositions of 42 obsidian pre-Hispanic artifacts from Tancama and Purisima, both archaeological sites of La Sierra Gorda Valleys, Mexico, were analyzed by PIXE technique. These obsidians came from four sources: Sierra de Pachuca Hidalgo, Paraiso Queretaro, Ucareo Michoacan and mainly from Zacualtipan/Metzquititlan Hidalgo. According to archaeological evidences, La Sierra Gorda valleys participated in commercial exchange with other regional sites, from Classic to Post-classic periods (A.D. 300-1500).

MADR: metal artifact detection and reduction

Science.gov (United States)

Jaiswal, Sunil Prasad; Ha, Sungsoo; Mueller, Klaus

2016-04-01

Metal in CT-imaged objects drastically reduces the quality of these images due to the severe artifacts it can cause. Most metal artifacts reduction (MAR) algorithms consider the metal-affected sinogram portions as the corrupted data and replace them via sophisticated interpolation methods. While these schemes are successful in removing the metal artifacts, they fail to recover some of the edge information. To address these problems, the frequency shift metal artifact reduction algorithm (FSMAR) was recently proposed. It exploits the information hidden in the uncorrected image and combines the high frequency (edge) components of the uncorrected image with the low frequency components of the corrected image. Although this can effectively transfer the edge information of the uncorrected image, it also introduces some unwanted artifacts. The essential problem of these algorithms is that they lack the capability of detecting the artifacts and as a result cannot discriminate between desired and undesired edges. We propose a scheme that does better in these respects. Our Metal Artifact Detection and Reduction (MADR) scheme constructs a weight map which stores whether a pixel in the uncorrected image belongs to an artifact region or a non-artifact region. This weight matrix is optimal in the Linear Minimum Mean Square Sense (LMMSE). Our results demonstrate that MADR outperforms the existing algorithms and ensures that the anatomical structures close to metal implants are better preserved.

Genetic diversity and population structure in contemporary house sparrow populations along an urbanization gradient.

Science.gov (United States)

Vangestel, C; Mergeay, J; Dawson, D A; Callens, T; Vandomme, V; Lens, L

2012-09-01

House sparrow (Passer domesticus) populations have suffered major declines in urban as well as rural areas, while remaining relatively stable in suburban ones. Yet, to date no exhaustive attempt has been made to examine how, and to what extent, spatial variation in population demography is reflected in genetic population structuring along contemporary urbanization gradients. Here we use putatively neutral microsatellite loci to study if and how genetic variation can be partitioned in a hierarchical way among different urbanization classes. Principal coordinate analyses did not support the hypothesis that urban/suburban and rural populations comprise two distinct genetic clusters. Comparison of FST values at different hierarchical scales revealed drift as an important force of population differentiation. Redundancy analyses revealed that genetic structure was strongly affected by both spatial variation and level of urbanization. The results shown here can be used as baseline information for future genetic monitoring programmes and provide additional insights into contemporary house sparrow dynamics along urbanization gradients.

La madre dice: el dolor de mi bebé es mi dolor

OpenAIRE

ROSA YOLANDA MUNÉVAR TORRES; LUCY MUÑOZ DE RODRÍGUEZ

2010-01-01

Objetivo: describir los sentimientos de las madres y el apoyo social con el que cuentan cuando su recién nacido siente dolor. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, de pequeño alcance, con metodología etnográfica. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas en profundidad a 8 madres, con promedio de 2 a 4 por informante. La muestra fue la saturación de información seleccionada por pertinencia y adecuación; se utilizaron notas de campo y observación participante. Los datos se analizaron según la metodología de Ja...

Psicoanálisis y feminidad: el vínculo madre e hija

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Dolores Navarro

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Desde una óptica psicoanalítica, la identidad sexual es una construcción inconsciente. En el caso de la sexualidad femenina, el vínculo madre hija es fundamental. Lacan habló del “estrago” refiriéndose al arrancamiento que debe hacer la hija de la madre para acceder a la feminidad. La feminidad sólo puede ser definida como una interrelación entre el inconsciente y la cultura. Los nuevos tiempos están haciendo surgir un nuevo tipo de mujer y con ella, nuevos conflictos y síntomas.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Reassortant Avian Influenza H1N2 Virus Isolated from a Domestic Sparrow in 2012

OpenAIRE

Xie, Zhixun; Guo, Jie; Xie, Liji; Liu, Jiabo; Pang, Yaoshan; Deng, Xianwen; Xie, Zhiqin; Fan, Qing; Luo, Sisi

2013-01-01

We report here the complete genome sequence of a novel H1N2 avian influenza virus strain, A/Sparrow /Guangxi/GXs-1/2012 (H1N2), isolated from a sparrow in the Guangxi Province of southern China in 2012. All of the 8 gene segments (hemagglutinin [HA], nucleoprotein [NP], matrix [M], polymerase basic 2 [PB2], neuraminidase [NA], polymerase acidic [PA], polymerase basic 1 [PB1], and nonstructural [NS] genes) of this natural recombinant virus are attributed to the Eurasian lineage, and phylogenet...

How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Passer montanus in North America?

Science.gov (United States)

Graham, Jim; Jarnevich, Catherine; Young, Nick; Newman, Greg; Stohlgren, Thomas

2011-01-01

Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of species. Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important information for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species.

Modelos Y Prácticas de Maternidad: Continuidades y Cambios en dos Generaciones de Madres Platenses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Victoria Castilla

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de investigación que guió este trabajo consiste en analizar las continuidades y cambios en las prácticas de maternidad en dos generaciones de madres de nivel socioeconómico medio y los modelos de maternidad que están por detrás de las mismas; tomando como caso de estudio la ciudad de La Plata. Para ello, se analizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad: 15 a mujeres que fueron madres en el 2000 y 15 que lo fueron en 1970. Del análisis surge la presencia de un entramado de elementos de continuidad y de cambio en las prácticas y sentidos de la maternidad. Esto es, a partir del resquebrajamiento de las prácticas "tradicionales" de cuidado de los hijos -a partir de un proceso de individualización creciente-, las madres comienzan a tener que decidirlas asumiendo los aciertos y los errores. Todo ello, junto con la continuidad del modelo que da ubica a la madre como la máxima responsable del cuidado y crianza de los hijos.

Edipo y Gaia : el tema de la Madre Tierra en el Oráculo de Delfos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Luis Casquillo Fumanal

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Cuando el oráculo de Delfos proclamó destino de Edipo el casarse con su madre, éste entendió de forma unívoca que la Pitia se refería a su madre biológica. Pero la equivocidad (y la analogía era una característica propia de Delfos, que empleaba conceptos —como el de madre— de forma ambigua: El término madre en la ideología délfica podía referirse analógicamente a la Madre Tierra. Si Edipo hubiera entendido el oráculo de forma analógica, su destino podría haber sido distinto.When Delphic oracle proclaimed Oedipus;destiny marrying his own mother, he understood in an univocal way that Pythia meant his biological mother. But aequivocity (or analogy was characteristic of Delphi, which employed concepts —as mother— in an ambiguous way. The word mother, in Delphic ideology, could mean Mother Earth. If Oedipus had understood Delphic oracle in an analogical way, his destiny could have been different.

Las madres bricoleurs. Estrategias, prácticas y modelos maternales contemporáneos

OpenAIRE

Imaz, Elixabete

2016-01-01

Resumen: Basándose en varios estudios referidos a la maternidad, la evolución de la familia, y las estrategias reproductivas en el País Vasco (España), el artículo reflexiona sobre cómo las mujeres deciden ser madres en el contexto actual, sobre cómo ejercen la maternidad o desarrollan su rol maternal y el papel que juega en todo ello la emergencia de nuevos modelos de ser madres y padres que suponen las nuevas parentalidades. Frente al modelo hegemónico de maternidad, estas parentalidades qu...

Experiencias de haber crecido con un padre/madre con trastorno mental severo (TMS)

OpenAIRE

Vivanco B, Gabriela; Grandón F, Pamela

2016-01-01

Introducción. La experiencia de vivir con personas que presentan un Trastorno Mental Severo (TMS) es difícil para las familias, en especial para los hijos quienes han sido poco estudiados. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer cómo la experiencia de haber vivido con un padre o madre con un trastorno mental severo influyó en la infancia, adolescencia y adultez joven de sus hijos e hijas. Método. Se analizan las experiencias de convivencia con un padre/madre con TMS en 10 hijos (6 hombres...

Actitudes y creencias de padres y madres hacia la educación sexual

OpenAIRE

López Beltrán, María Isabel

2016-01-01

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Psicologia General Sanitària. Codi: SBF018. Curs: 2015/2016 La educación sexual es un proceso que tiene lugar a lo largo de diferentes etapas de la vida y se expresa de diferentes maneras y dependiendo de diversos factores, siendo los padres y las madres uno de sus agentes principales de transmisión de información, actitudes y valores. Objetivo. Analizar descriptivamente distintos aspectos de la educación sexual de padres y madres con hij...

El cuerpo de las jóvenes madres solteras universitarias: representaciones y estrategias

OpenAIRE

Rosa María Huerta Mata

2018-01-01

Se analizan las estrategias que crean las madres solteras sobre sus cuerpos, así como las representaciones de éstos en la universidad, en el sistema de salud y en las redes de apoyo familiar de las estudiantes universitarias. Para ello realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a 14 docentes y personal administrativo de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí entre febrero a mayo del año 2014. Además elaboramos los relatos de vida de ocho jóvenes madres solteras que asisten a la Facultad de Cie...

El cuerpo de las jóvenes madres solteras universitarias: representaciones y estrategias

OpenAIRE

Rosa María Huerta Mata

2018-01-01

Resumen: Se analizan las estrategias que crean las madres solteras sobre sus cuerpos, así como las representaciones de éstos en la universidad, en el sistema de salud y en las redes de apoyo familiar de las estudiantes universitarias. Para ello realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a 14 docentes y personal administrativo de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí entre febrero a mayo del año 2014. Además elaboramos los relatos de vida de ocho jóvenes madres solteras que asisten a la Facult...

Lactancia materna: impacto de la consulta de apoyo a la madre que trabaja

OpenAIRE

Noy,Soledad Elgueta; Guzmán,Pamela Paz; Masalán,Patricia

1998-01-01

La presente investigación, descriptiva exploratoria, retrospectiva y transversal, pretende responder el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿ Cuál es el impacto que la Consulta de apoyo a la madre que trabaja, del Centro de Diagnóstico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, tiene en la prolongación de la lactancia materna?. La población estudiada la constituyen 82 madres atendidas en la Consulta de apoyo, durante el período de marzo y septiembre de 1995, de las cuales se tomó una muestra de t...

The Influence of Urban Environments on Oxidative Stress Balance: A Case Study on the House Sparrow in the Iberian Peninsula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Herrera-Dueñas

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The House Sparrow is a globally distributed species and is closely associated with anthropised environments. They are well-adapted to urban life; therefore the decline of their populations in Europe represents an unexpected event that demands an investigation into its causes. Causes that have promoted this decline are not well-known, but one of the highlighted hypotheses is an increase of oxidative stress linked to the toxicity of pollution in urban areas. From an ecophysiological perspective, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense, and oxidative balance are considered reliable indicators of environmental stressors such as pollutants. To carry out this study, blood samples were collected from House Sparrows in three different habitats that varied in terms of urbanization degree: urban, suburban, and rural; during the winter and breeding season. According to our results, urban sparrows showed higher levels of oxidative damage and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, but lower antioxidant capacity in comparison with the rural birds; and these differences especially increase during the breeding season. The maintenance of oxidative balance increases in an urban environment in comparison to a rural one; we suggest that the high level of pollution and the poor quality diet linked to urban environments. The breeding season is expected to be particularly challenging for the oxidative balance of urban birds, when the reallocation of resources between self-maintenance and reproduction may be critical due to the scarcity of antioxidants found in urban areas. This study may contribute to determining the causes of the population decrease of House Sparrows in cities.

Grasshopper sparrow reproductive success and habitat use on reclaimed surface mines varies by age of reclamation

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, Petra; Ammer, Frank K.

2015-01-01

We studied 3 mountaintop mining–valley fill (MTMVF) complexes in southern West Virginia, USA to examine grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum pratensis) demographic response to different age classes of mine land reclamation. For 71 nests monitored during the 2001–2002 breeding seasons, overall nest success (36%) was within the range of nest success rates previously reported for this species, but it was highest on more recently reclaimed sites (56%). Nest density and clutch size did not differ (P > 0.30) among reclamation age classes, whereas number of fledglings was greater (P = 0.01) on more recently reclaimed sites. We measured vegetation variables at 70 nest subplots and at 96 systematic subplots to compare nest vegetation with vegetation available on the plots. We found that nests occurred in areas with more bare ground near the nest, greater vegetation height–density surrounding the nest site, lower grass height, and fewer woody stems, similar to previous studies. As postreclamation age increased, vegetation height–density and maximum grass height increased, and sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) became more dominant. Nest success declined with increasing vegetation height–density at the nest. The grasslands available on these reclaimed mine complexes are of sufficient quality to support breeding populations of grasshopper sparrows, but nest success decreased on the older reclaimed areas. Without active management, grasslands on reclaimed MTMVF mines become less suitable for nesting grasshopper sparrows about 10 years after reclamation.

Male rock sparrows adjust their breeding strategy according to female ornamentation: parental or mating investment?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pilastro, Andrea; Griggio, Matteo; Matessi, Giuliano

2003-01-01

We investigated the relations between female quality and ornamentation and between male breeding investment and female ornamentation in the rock sparrow, Petronia petronia, a passerine in which both sexes have a yellow breast patch. Breast patch size in females was positively correlated with body...

Reading, Laterality, and the Brain: Early Contributions on Reading Disabilities by Sara S. Sparrow

Science.gov (United States)

Fletcher, Jack M.; Morris, Robin D.

2014-01-01

Although best known for work with children and adults with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, training in speech pathology and a doctorate in clinical psychology and neuropsychology was the foundation for Sara Sparrow's long-term interest in reading disabilities. Her first papers were on dyslexia and laterality, and the…

Experiencia de las madres durante el contacto piel a piel al nacimiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.K. García May

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: Las madres disfrutan la experiencia del contacto piel a piel inmediatamente después del nacimiento y se plantea la posibilidad de que tal contacto pueda ayudar a estas madres a sentirse más seguras con sus bebés. Objetivo: describir la experiencia de las madres durante el contacto piel a piel al nacer por parto y cesárea. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo, realizado en la Unidad Tocoquirúrgica del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, en la Ciudad de México, durante el contacto piel a piel madre-hijo al nacimiento, en los recién nacidos a término sanos, durante el período comprendido desde el 1 de septiembre de 2015 al 31 de julio de 2016. Se les pidió a las madres describir su experiencia durante el contacto piel con piel al nacimiento. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando Wizard Pro Versión 1.9.7. Resultados: Se obtuvo entrevista de 779 mamás, a las que se les realizó contacto piel a piel al nacimiento durante 11 meses. Se categorizó por nivel de satisfacción como muy satisfactorio, satisfactorio y poco satisfactorio, encontrando que 570 casos (73.2% se categorizaron como muy satisfactorio, 201 (25.8% como satisfactorio y 8 (3% como poco satisfactorio. En cuanto al nivel de satisfacción y la vía de nacimiento, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0.212, por lo que podemos inferir que el grado de satisfacción de la madre es independiente de la vía de nacimiento. Conclusiones: La colocación del recién nacido sobre el pecho de la madre después del nacimiento es una experiencia feliz y muy satisfactoria para la gran mayoría de la madres. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Mothers enjoy the experience of skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, and this raises the possibility that such contact can help these mothers feel more secure with their babies

Biosphere and atmosphere interactions in Sierra Nevada forests

Science.gov (United States)

Allen H. Goldstein

2004-01-01

In the Sierra Nevada, studies are being conducted to assess the impacts of both anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbon emissions on regional tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol production. Impacts of ozone deposition and management practices on ecosystem health are also being studied. Human-induced changes in regional air quality have consequences for Sierra Nevada...

78 FR 17996 - MCM Rail Services LLC-Petition for Retroactive Exemption-In Sparrows Point, Md.

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-25

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35707] MCM Rail Services... regarding a petition for an operation exemption submitted by MCM Rail Services LLC (MCM) regarding 12 miles of rail line in Sparrows Point, Md. (the Line). DATES: MCM's supplemental information is due by April...

Diosas y madres, el arquetipo femenino en Diego Rivera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dina Comisarenco Mirkin

2010-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudia la representación del arquetipo femenino en la obra mural de Diego Rivera que el artista entretejió en sus amplios y complejos programas iconográficos con una extraordinaria imaginación poética. Se postula aquí que por una parte,  dicha representación arquetípica partió de su erudita utilización de símbolos alegóricos  y de alusiones a divinidades femeninas de distintas épocas y lugares, como medio para asegurar la universalidad del contenido histórico de su pintura, y que por otra parte, y de forma esencial,  el origen de sus poderosas imágenes femeninas, se remonta a algunas de las experiencias vitales del artista, en particular a aquellas relacionadas con el amor filial, con la maternidad/paternidad, y con las heterodoxas relaciones amorosas que Rivera mantuvo a lo largo de su vida con sobresalientes mujeres de su época a quienes admiró y reconoció a través de sus impactantes retratos y homenajes pictóricos. Se concluye así que el arte mural fue para Rivera no sólo un instrumento de acción política, tal y como es normalmente reconocido por la crítica especializada, sino también, una oportunidad para elaborar temas de carácter subjetivo, en los que paradójicamente alcanza un mayor grado de generalidad y trascendencia que el que caracteriza a su pintura histórica.  Particularmente la expresión simbólica del arquetipo femenino plasmada por Rivera en algunos de sus principales aspectos como la Buena Madre, la Madre Terrible y, la Gran Madre,  tal y como los fue viviendo, construyendo y modificando a través de algunas de sus experiencias vitales más significativas y profundas de su vida personal,  constituye uno de los logros artísticos más eminentes del artista y uno de sus principales aportes iconográficos al arte universal. Sus excelsas imágenes de diosas y madres nos permiten re-conectarnos con el inconciente colectivo, y particularmente con el poder tradicionalmente

Las madres bricoleurs. Estrategias, prácticas y modelos maternales contemporáneos

OpenAIRE

Imaz Martínez, Miren Elixabete

2016-01-01

Basándose en varios estudios referidos a la maternidad, la evolución de la familia, y las estrategias reproductivas en el País Vasco (España), el artículo reflexiona sobre cómo las mujeres deciden ser madres en el contexto actual, sobre cómo ejercen la maternidad o desarrollan su rol maternal y el papel que juega en todo ello la emergencia de nuevos modelos de ser madres y padres que suponen las nuevas parentalidades. Frente al modelo hegemónico de maternidad, estas parentalidades que están o...

Nutrient delivery to Lake Winnipeg from the Red-Assiniboine River Basin – A binational application of the SPARROW model

Science.gov (United States)

Benoy, Glenn A; Jenkinson, R. Wayne; Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.

2016-01-01

Excessive phosphorus (TP) and nitrogen (TN) inputs from the Red–Assiniboine River Basin (RARB) have been linked to eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg; therefore, it is important for the management of water resources to understand where and from what sources these nutrients originate. The RARB straddles the Canada–United States border and includes portions of two provinces and three states. This study represents the first binationally focused application of SPAtially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models to estimate loads and sources of TP and TN by jurisdiction and basin at multiple spatial scales. Major hurdles overcome to develop these models included: (1) harmonization of geospatial data sets, particularly construction of a contiguous stream network; and (2) use of novel calibration steps to accommodate limitations in spatial variability across the model extent and in the number of calibration sites. Using nutrient inputs for a 2002 base year, a RARB TP SPARROW model was calibrated that included inputs from agriculture, forests and wetlands, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and stream channels, and a TN model was calibrated that included inputs from agriculture, WWTPs and atmospheric deposition. At the RARB outlet, downstream from Winnipeg, Manitoba, the majority of the delivered TP and TN came from the Red River Basin (90%), followed by the Upper Assiniboine River and Souris River basins. Agriculture was the single most important TP and TN source for each major basin, province and state. In general, stream channels (historically deposited nutrients and from bank erosion) were the second most important source of TP. Performance metrics for the RARB SPARROW model are similarly robust compared to other, larger US SPARROW models making it a potentially useful tool to address questions of where nutrients originate and their relative contributions to loads delivered to Lake Winnipeg.

Distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), upper Santa Cruz River watershed, southern Arizona, 2011-12

Science.gov (United States)

Lester, Michael B.; van Riper, Charles

2014-01-01

Riparian ecosystems in arid environments provide critical habitat for breeding, migratory, and wintering birds, yet are often at risk of contamination by heavy metals. Birds and other animals living in contaminated areas are susceptible to adverse health effects as a result of long-term exposure and bioaccumulation of heavy metals. We investigated the distribution and cascading extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in Arizona’s upper Santa Cruz River watershed. This study had three goals: (1) quantify the degree of heavy metal accumulation in sparrows and determine the distributional patterns among study sites, (2) compare concentrations of metals found in this study to those found in studies performed prior to the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade, and (3) assess sparrow condition among sites with differing potential sources of contamination exposure. We examined six study sites that reflected different potential sources of contamination. Hematocrit values, body mass residuals, and leukocyte counts were used to assess sparrow condition. Cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, and selenium exceeded background concentrations at some sites, but generally were lower than or similar to concentrations found in earlier studies performed prior to the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade. Concentrations were higher in recaptured birds in 2012 than in 2011 for 7 metals in feathers and 14 metals in blood, suggesting possible bioaccumulation. We found no cascading effects as a result of heavy metal exposure, but did find that heavy metal concentrations were reduced following the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade.

Autopercepción después de seis años de haber sido madre durante la adolescencia y la adultez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris Xóchitl Galicia Moyeda

2011-01-01

el grupo de madres adolescentes. Además, éstas evalúan de manera satisfactoria los resultados de sus acciones en mayor porcentaje que las madres adultas. La toma de decisiones en ambos grupos de madres se caracterizó por ser más reflexiva que impulsiva. Estos hallazgos no apoyan las suposiciones de que el embarazo y maternidad adolescentes pueden ser una desventaja para las mujeres jóvenes.

SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego Theory Manual Version 4.44

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-04-01

The SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego along with the SIERRA Participating Media Radiation Module: Syrinx, henceforth referred to as Fuego and Syrinx, respectively, are the key elements of the ASCI fire environment simulation project. The fire environment simulation project is directed at characterizing both open large-scale pool fires and building enclosure fires. Fuego represents the turbulent, buoyantly-driven incompressible flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, combustion, soot, and absorption coefficient model portion of the simulation software. Syrinx represents the participating-media thermal radiation mechanics. This project is an integral part of the SIERRA multi-mechanics software development project. Fuego depends heavily upon the core architecture developments provided by SIERRA for massively parallel computing, solution adaptivity, and mechanics coupling on unstructured grids.

SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego Theory Manual Version 4.46.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-09-01

The SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego along with the SIERRA Participating Media Radiation Module: Syrinx, henceforth referred to as Fuego and Syrinx, respectively, are the key elements of the ASCI fire environment simulation project. The fire environment simulation project is directed at characterizing both open large-scale pool fires and building enclosure fires. Fuego represents the turbulent, buoyantly-driven incompressible flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, combustion, soot, and absorption coefficient model portion of the simulation software. Syrinx represents the participating-media thermal radiation mechanics. This project is an integral part of the SIERRA multi-mechanics software development project. Fuego depends heavily upon the core architecture developments provided by SIERRA for massively parallel computing, solution adaptivity, and mechanics coupling on unstructured grids.

SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego User Manual Version 4.44

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-04-01

The SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego along with the SIERRA Participating Media Radiation Module: Syrinx, henceforth referred to as Fuego and Syrinx, respectively, are the key elements of the ASCI fire environment simulation project. The fire environment simulation project is directed at characterizing both open large-scale pool fires and building enclosure fires. Fuego represents the turbulent, buoyantly-driven incompressible flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, combustion, soot, and absorption coefficient model portion of the simulation software. Syrinx represents the participating-media thermal radiation mechanics. This project is an integral part of the SIERRA multi-mechanics software development project. Fuego depends heavily upon the core architecture developments provided by SIERRA for massively parallel computing, solution adaptivity, and mechanics coupling on unstructured grids.

SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego User Manual Version 4.46.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-09-01

The SIERRA Low Mach Module: Fuego along with the SIERRA Participating Media Radiation Module: Syrinx, henceforth referred to as Fuego and Syrinx, respectively, are the key elements of the ASCI fire environment simulation project. The fire environment simulation project is directed at characterizing both open large-scale pool fires and building enclosure fires. Fuego represents the turbulent, buoyantly-driven incompressible flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, combustion, soot, and absorption coefficient model portion of the simulation software. Syrinx represents the participating-media thermal radiation mechanics. This project is an integral part of the SIERRA multi-mechanics software development project. Fuego depends heavily upon the core architecture developments provided by SIERRA for massively parallel computing, solution adaptivity, and mechanics coupling on unstructured grids.

Sierra Structural Dynamics User's Notes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reese, Garth M. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-10-19

Sierra/SD provides a massively parallel implementation of structural dynamics finite element analysis, required for high fidelity, validated models used in modal, vibration, static and shock analysis of weapons systems. This document provides a users guide to the input for Sierra/SD. Details of input specifications for the different solution types, output options, element types and parameters are included. The appendices contain detailed examples, and instructions for running the software on parallel platforms.

Padres y madres adolescentes en el ejercicio de la crianza

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doris Amparo Parada-Rico

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: En general, se ha considerado la crianza como acciones de socialización dirigidas por adultos, estimando a los adolescentes como personas no aptas para lograr las trayectorias de desarrollo ideal esperado en los niños y niñas; de otra parte, el Estado, a pesar de avanzar por la equidad para estas personas, en ocasiones invisibiliza sus derechos y necesidades. Materiales y Métodos: A través de la revisión sistemática de documentos y bases de datos como ScienceDirect, Scopus, Dialnet, Pubmed, Proquest, adolec; se indagó información en español, inglés y portugués de los últimos diez años con las palabras clave: prácticas de crianza y adolescentes, padres-madres adolescentes y políticas públicas en adolescencia; esta revisión retomó 84 publicaciones con los aspectos señalados. Resultados: Se identifican percepciones de los y las adolescentes como padres y madres, sus interacciones sociales en el ejercicio de la crianza, pautas y prácticas de crianza y los aportes que frente a su reconocimiento como adolescentes padres establece el Estado. Conclusiones: Es necesario identificar las percepciones en adolescentes padres y madres y construir conjuntamente con éstos Políticas Públicas que conlleven al aumento de redes de apoyo para asumir las nuevas tareas del cuidado y continuar con las actividades que le imponen los modelos y sistemas sociales.

Cuidado de la familia al binomio madre adolescente-recién nacido, Lambayeque 2012

OpenAIRE

Chévez Guevara, Delia Esther

2013-01-01

La familia constituye la principal red de apoyo para los adolescentes en esta etapa de vida, sobretodo cuando tienen que afrontar la maternidad. Por todo ello, surge la presente investigación cualitativa con enfoque estudio de caso, que tuvo como objetivos: describir, analizar y comprender el cuidado de la familia a la madre adolescente y su recién nacido en el hogar y discutir las implicancias para enfermería del cuidado de la familia a la madre adolescente y su recién nacido en el hogar. La...

Female rock sparrows (Petronia petronia), not males, respond differently to simulations of different courtship interaction outcomes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Matessi, Giuliano; Peake, Tom M.; McGregor, Peter K.

2007-01-01

individuals of both sexes have access to a range of mating strategies. We tested whether rock sparrows (Petronia petronia) behave differently after hearing playbacks of vocal interactions simulating a successful courtship as opposed to playback of an unsuccessful courtship. We found no support for our...

Population size, survival, growth, and movements of Rana sierrae

Science.gov (United States)

Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.; Miller, David A. W.; Halstead, Brian J.; Link, William

2013-01-01

Based on 2431 captures of 757 individual frogs over a 9-yr period, we found that the population of R. sierrae in one meadow–stream complex in Yosemite National Park ranged from an estimated 45 to 115 adult frogs. Rana sierrae at our relatively low elevation site (2200 m) grew at a fast rate (K = 0.73–0.78), had high overwintering survival rates (44.6–95%), lived a long time (up to 16 yr), and tended to be fairly sedentary during the summer (100% minimum convex polygon annual home ranges of 139 m2) but had low year-to-year site fidelity. Even though the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has been present in the population for at least 13 yr, there was no clear downward trend as might be expected from reports of R. sierrae population declines associated with Bd or from reports of widespread population decline of R. sierrae throughout its range.

Lassa fever in post-conflict sierra leone.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeffrey G Shaffer

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Lassa fever (LF, an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV, is a major public health threat in West Africa. When the violent civil conflict in Sierra Leone (1991 to 2002 ended, an international consortium assisted in restoration of the LF program at Kenema Government Hospital (KGH in an area with the world's highest incidence of the disease.Clinical and laboratory records of patients presenting to the KGH Lassa Ward in the post-conflict period were organized electronically. Recombinant antigen-based LF immunoassays were used to assess LASV antigenemia and LASV-specific antibodies in patients who met criteria for suspected LF. KGH has been reestablished as a center for LF treatment and research, with over 500 suspected cases now presenting yearly. Higher case fatality rates (CFRs in LF patients were observed compared to studies conducted prior to the civil conflict. Different criteria for defining LF stages and differences in sensitivity of assays likely account for these differences. The highest incidence of LF in Sierra Leone was observed during the dry season. LF cases were observed in ten of Sierra Leone's thirteen districts, with numerous cases from outside the traditional endemic zone. Deaths in patients presenting with LASV antigenemia were skewed towards individuals less than 29 years of age. Women self-reporting as pregnant were significantly overrepresented among LASV antigenemic patients. The CFR of ribavirin-treated patients presenting early in acute infection was lower than in untreated subjects.Lassa fever remains a major public health threat in Sierra Leone. Outreach activities should expand because LF may be more widespread in Sierra Leone than previously recognized. Enhanced case finding to ensure rapid diagnosis and treatment is imperative to reduce mortality. Even with ribavirin treatment, there was a high rate of fatalities underscoring the need to develop more effective and/or supplemental treatments for

Obtención y caracterización de células madre de pulpa dental humanas e interacción con β-fosfato tricálcico

OpenAIRE

Viña Almunia, José

2014-01-01

OBJETIVOS Objetivo general: Obtener células madre de pulpa dental, optimizar el método de obtención y de cultivo de estas células, y estudiar su interacción con el biomaterial β-fosfato tricálcico. Objetivos específicos: 1- Obtener células madre de pulpa dental. 2- Optimizar el método de obtención de células madre de pulpa dental. 3- Caracterizar células madre de pulpa dental usando microscopía confocal. 4- Estudiar el crecimiento de células madre de pulpa dental a dist...

The Special Court for Sierra Leone

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Damgaard, Ciara Therése

2004-01-01

The focus of this article is the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the extent to which it can be said that the Special Court has already challenged, or will, in the future, challenge the tradition of impunity for gender-based crimes. In this regard, an analysis is undertaken of the Special Court......'s Statute, Rules of Procedure and Evidence and practice to date, in order to determine its treatment of gender-based crimes and whether it can be said that the Special Court for Sierra Leone challenges the tradition of impunity for gender-based crimes. Udgivelsesdato: december 2004...

Sierra/Aria 4.48 Verification Manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal Fluid Development Team

2018-04-01

Presented in this document is a portion of the tests that exist in the Sierra Thermal/Fluids verification test suite. Each of these tests is run nightly with the Sierra/TF code suite and the results of the test checked under mesh refinement against the correct analytic result. For each of the tests presented in this document the test setup, derivation of the analytic solution, and comparison of the code results to the analytic solution is provided. This document can be used to confirm that a given code capability is verified or referenced as a compilation of example problems.

Las madres y la publicidad de alimentos dirigida a niños y niñas: percepciones y experiencias

OpenAIRE

Castronuovo, Luciana; Gutkowski, Patricia; Tiscornia, Victoria; Allemandi, Lorena

2016-01-01

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar cómo las publicidades de alimentos son percibidas por madres de distintos sectores socioeconómicos del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina. Entre mayo y noviembre de 2015, se realizaron ocho grupos focales en los que participaron un total de 49 madres de la región del AMBA, con distinto nivel educativo. La investigación ha dado cuenta de cómo las decisiones de compra de las madres son afectadas por los pedidos de los niños y niñas i...

Padres y madres en cinco ciudades colombianas: Cambios y permanencias

OpenAIRE

Mosquera, Claudia; Micolta, Amparo; Maldonado, María Cristina; Lamus, Doris; Useche, Ximena; Morad, Pilar; Bonilla, Gloria; Jiménez, Blanca; Dominique de Suremain, María

2003-01-01

Este libro presenta cinco investigaciones sobre la familia, con especial énfasis en los padres y las madres en Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Cartagena y Bucaramanga. Estas investigaciones hacen un análisis del deber ser y del ser de la familia desde la Colonia.

SierraDNA – Demonstrating the Usefulness of Direct ILS Database Access

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Padgett

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Innovative Interface’s Sierra(™ Integrated Library System (ILS brings with it a Database Navigator Application (SierraDNA - in layman's terms SierraDNA gives Sierra sites read access to their ILS database. Unlike the closed use cases produced by vendor supplied APIs, which restrict Libraries to limited development opportunities, SierraDNA enables sites to publish their own APIs and scripts based upon custom SQL code to meet their own needs and those of their users and processes. In this article we give examples showing how SierraDNA can be utilized to improve Library services. We highlight three example use cases which have benefited our users, enhanced online security and improved our back office processes. In the first use case we employ user access data from our electronic resources proxy server (WAM to detect hacked user accounts. Three scripts are used in conjunction to flag user accounts which are being hijacked to systematically steal content from our electronic resource provider’s websites. In the second we utilize the reading histories of our users to augment our search experience with an Amazon style “People who borrowed this book also borrowed…these books” feature. Two scripts are used together to determine which other items were borrowed by borrowers of the item currently of interest. And lastly, we use item holds data to improve our acquisitions workflow through an automated demand based ordering process. Our explanation and SQL code should be of direct use for adoption or as examples for other Sierra customers willing to exploit their ILS data in similar ways, but the principles may also be useful to non-Sierra sites that also wish to enhancement security, user services or improve back office processes.

Noteworthy reptiles records from Guanajuato, Mexico Registros notables de reptiles para Guanajuato, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ismael Campos-Rodríguez

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Five new reptile records for the Mexican state of Guanajuato are reported: Lampropeltis triangulum dixoni, Leptodeira annulata cusiliris, Oxybelis aeneus, Tropidodipsas sartorii, and Scincella silvicola caudaequinae. These records are within western versant of the Sierra Gorda at Sierra Gorda de Guanajuato. Evidence is given that supports the idea that the area supports a herpetofaunal assemblage of tropical affinities.Se presentan 5 nuevos registros de reptiles para el estado de Guanajuato; Lampropeltis triangulum dixoni, Leptodeira annulata cusiliris, Oxybelis aeneus, Tropidodipsas sartorii y Scincella silvicola caudaequinae. Todos localizados en la vertiente oeste de la sierra Madre Oriental, en la sierra Gorda de Guanajuato. Se proporciona evidencia de un ensamble herpetofaunístico de afinidad tropical a subtropical presente en la región.

Invasive exotic plant species in Sierra Nevada ecosystems

Science.gov (United States)

Carla M. D' Antonio; Eric L. Berlow; Karen L. Haubensak

2004-01-01

The Sierra Nevada is a topographically and floristically diverse region of the western United States. While it comprises only a fifth of the total land area of California, half of the native plant species in the state occur within the range. In addition, more than 400 plant species are endemic to the Sierra Nevada and many of these are listed as threatened or have...

Adaptación psicológica en madres y padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista : un estudio multidimensional

OpenAIRE

Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar

2010-01-01

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el análisis multidimensional de la adaptación psicológica de las madres y padres que tienen hijos con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA). La tesis se sustenta en los resultados de tres estudios empíricos: a) un estudio multidimensional del estrés en las madres; b) un estudio más complejo en madres y padres, examinando como adaptación tanto variables negativas (estrés, ansiedad, depresión) como positivas (bienestar psicológico y calidad de vida famil...

Técnicas del futuro: ingeniería de tejidos y uso de células madre en medicina reproductiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Cecilia Fabres, Dra.

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Últimamente ha cobrado gran interés en la comunidad médica y científica, el avance experimentado por la medicina regenerativa, la ingeniería de tejidos y el uso de terapias celulares en base a células autólogas maduras, como también el uso de células madre. Desde que se levantó en Estados Unidos, la prohibición de investigar con células madre embrionarias, se ha producido un aumento de las investigaciones en este campo. El interés por estas investigaciones, se ha traspasado a la comunidad no científica, que se encuentra expectante frente al progreso que se logre, con las terapias derivadas de tales estudios. En medicina reproductiva, existe la esperanza de poder producir células germinales tanto femeninas como masculinas (ovocitos o sus precursores y espermatozoides o sus precursores, a partir de células madre, para tratar pacientes con falla gonadal (ovárica o testicular, que hasta ahora resuelven su problema de infertilidad, mediante el uso de gametos donados, prevaleciendo la falla endocrina, que se resuelve con la administración de reemplazo hormonal. Las células madre son células indiferenciadas, toti potenciales que bajo ciertas condiciones, pueden diferenciarse a células especializadas. La medicina regenerativa se vale de la ingeniería de tejidos y las terapias celulares con células autólogas maduras y también con células madre. Este artículo es una revisión bibliográfica sobre las últimas investigaciones en el campo de la medicina regenerativa y el uso de células madre en medicina reproductiva. Se describen los diferentes tipos de células madre y los tejidos que se ha logrado reproducir in vitro hasta ahora, como también algunos estudios en animales y su aplicación en humanos.

77 FR 36569 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Thick-Billed Parrot Draft Recovery Plan Addendum

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-19

...). In Mexico, this species occurs in the States of Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, Jalisco, Colima, and... elevations of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, extending from northwestern Chihuahua and northeastern.... Thick-billed parrots migrate seasonally from their primary breeding (summering) grounds in Chihuahua to...

Postfledging survival of Grasshopper Sparrows in grasslands managed with fire and grazing

Science.gov (United States)

Hovick, Torre J.; Miller, James R.; Koford, Rolf R.; Engle, David M.; Debinski, Diane M.

2011-01-01

More accurate estimates of survival after nestlings fledge are needed for population models to be parameterized and population dynamics to be understood during this vulnerable life stage. The period after fledging is the time when chicks learn to fly, forage, and hide from predators. We monitored postfledging survival, causespecific mortality, and movements of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) in grassland managed with fire and grazing. In 2009, we attached radio transmitters to 50 nestlings from 50 different broods and modeled their survival in response to climatic, biological, and ecological variables. There was no effect of treatment on survival. The factor most influencing postfledging survival was age; no other variable was significant. The majority of chicks (74%) died within 3 days of radio-transmitter attachment. We attributed most mortality to mesopredators (48%) and exposure (28%). Fledglings' movements increased rapidly for the first 4 days after they left the nest and were relatively stable for the remaining 10 days we tracked them. On average, fledglings took flight for the first time 4 days after fledging and flew ≥10 m 9 days after fledging. Our data show that the Grasshopper Sparrow's survival rates may be less than most models relying on nest-success estimates predict, and we emphasize the importance of incorporating estimates of survival during the postfledging period in demographic models.

Conocimientos sobre tuberculosis infantil en madres comunitarias de Cartagena, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacqueline Hernandez Escolar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre Tuberculosis (TB Infantil, que tienen las madres comunitarias de Cartagena. Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado con 49 madres comunitarias a las cuales se aplicó una encuesta para evaluar variables sociodemográficas y un cuestionario con 50 preguntas, para medir conocimientos sobre tuberculosis en los niños. Se evaluaron cinco grandes aspectos, (diez preguntas para cada uno así: características de la enfermedad, factores de riesgo, prácticas de prevención, manifestaciones clínicas e identificación de casos, y ruta de atención para los casos sospechosos. Los datos se almacenaron y analizaron en una base de datos del programa SPSSS versión 21, fueron calculadas medidas de frecuencias para las variables categóricas, medidas de tendencia central y desviaciones estándar para variables cuantitativas. Resultado: Del total de participantes, 91,6% (40 desconoce que un individuo con tuberculosis latente puede transmitir la enfermedad; 38,8% (19 no conoce el riesgo que tienen los menores de un año a contagiarse; 22,4% (11 no identifica como factor de riesgo para los niños el contacto estrecho con una persona enferma. Solo el 2% (1 reconoce como signo sugestivo de la enfermedad tuberculosa en los niños la presencia de tos por más de 21 días. Conclusión: Las madres comunitarias de éste estudio tienen poco conocimiento acerca de la TB infantil. Se considera necesario realizar intervenciones educativas a estos actores sociales para que tengan conocimientos amplios sobre este tema.

Los movimientos sociales en la transición democrática. El caso de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo: sentimiento y discurso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín D'ALESSANDRO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El presente artículo hace un repaso por el surgimiento y consolidación de Madres de Plaza de Mayo como movimiento social que inició sus actividades cuestionando la lucha antisubversiva emprendida por la dictadura militar argentina. Plantea además como este movimiento ha sufrido una radicalización de su discurso en la época de la transición a la democracia, cuando se desarrolla el enjuiciamiento de las Juntas Militares, y a partir de ese momento deciden enfrentarse al "sistema burgués". El discurso de Madres de Plaza de Mayo es inicialmente ético y moral para posteriormente adquirir matices de izquierda.ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the emergence and consolidation of the "Madres de Plaza de Mayo" as a social movement which initiated its action questioning the repressive policies led by the Argentine military dictatorship. It shows how the "Madres" undertook a radicalization of its discourse during the democratic transition, as the military "Juntas" were tried by Argentine courts. At this moment, the "Madres" dcided to struggle against the "bourgeois system." The discourse of the Madres was initially ethical and moral, and it became later left wing oriented.

Area selection for conservation of Mexican mammals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vázquez, L. B.

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Three sets of priority cells for mammal conservation in Mexico were identified using distributional data. A complementarity approach was implemented through linear integer programming. The minimum set of sites required for the representation of each mammal species varied between 38 (5.4% grid cells for at least one occurrence, 110 (15.6% grid cells for at least three occurrences, and 173 (24.5% grid cells for at least five occurrences. The complementary analyses mainly highlighted three regions of particular concern for mammal conservation in Mexico: (i the trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and natural provinces of the Pacific Coast, (ii Sierra Madre del Sur and the Highlands of Chiapas, and (iii the northern portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The results reported here did not indicate absolute priority locations for conservation activities, but rather identified locations warranting further investigation at finer resolutions more appropriate to such activity

Diosas y madres, el arquetipo femenino en Diego Rivera Diosas y madres, el arquetipo femenino en Diego Rivera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dina Comisarenco Mirkin

2010-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudia la representación del arquetipo femenino en la obra mural de Diego Rivera que el artista entretejió en sus amplios y complejos programas iconográficos con una extraordinaria imaginación poética. Se postula aquí que por una parte,  dicha representación arquetípica partió de su erudita utilización de símbolos alegóricos  y de alusiones a divinidades femeninas de distintas épocas y lugares, como medio para asegurar la universalidad del contenido histórico de su pintura, y que por otra parte, y de forma esencial,  el origen de sus poderosas imágenes femeninas, se remonta a algunas de las experiencias vitales del artista, en particular a aquellas relacionadas con el amor filial, con la maternidad/paternidad, y con las heterodoxas relaciones amorosas que Rivera mantuvo a lo largo de su vida con sobresalientes mujeres de su época a quienes admiró y reconoció a través de sus impactantes retratos y homenajes pictóricos. Se concluye así que el arte mural fue para Rivera no sólo un instrumento de acción política, tal y como es normalmente reconocido por la crítica especializada, sino también, una oportunidad para elaborar temas de carácter subjetivo, en los que paradójicamente alcanza un mayor grado de generalidad y trascendencia que el que caracteriza a su pintura histórica.  Particularmente la expresión simbólica del arquetipo femenino plasmada por Rivera en algunos de sus principales aspectos como la Buena Madre, la Madre Terrible y, la Gran Madre,  tal y como los fue viviendo, construyendo y modificando a través de algunas de sus experiencias vitales más significativas y profundas de su vida personal,  constituye uno de los logros artísticos más eminentes del artista y uno de sus

Estimates of long-term mean-annual nutrient loads considered for use in SPARROW models of the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States, 2002 base year

Science.gov (United States)

Saad, David A.; Benoy, Glenn A.; Robertson, Dale M.

2018-05-11

Streamflow and nutrient concentration data needed to compute nitrogen and phosphorus loads were compiled from Federal, State, Provincial, and local agency databases and also from selected university databases. The nitrogen and phosphorus loads are necessary inputs to Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) models. SPARROW models are a way to estimate the distribution, sources, and transport of nutrients in streams throughout the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States. After screening the data, approximately 1,500 sites sampled by 34 agencies were identified as having suitable data for calculating the long-term mean-annual nutrient loads required for SPARROW model calibration. These final sites represent a wide range in watershed sizes, types of nutrient sources, and land-use and watershed characteristics in the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States.

Significados y respuestas de las madres al abuso sexual de sus hijas(os

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Inés Quiroz Arango

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de una investigación dirigida a comprender los significados y las respuestas de madres frente al abuso sexual de sus hijas e hijos, para generar un conocimiento útil en la construcción de políticas y programas más pertinentes en la atención de este fenómeno. Es un estudio cualitativo que empleó como método los grupos de discusión con cinco madres de cuatro niñas y un niño, menores de 10 años, víctimas de abuso sexual, quienes asistían a consulta psicológica en dos centros de atención a la familia de la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2005. Las voces de estas mujeres muestran que el abuso sexual sucede en familias vulnerables desde el punto de vista afectivo, comunicativo y socioeconómico, en las cuales este problema hace parte de su cotidianidad. El abuso sexual constituye una catástrofe que afecta el precario equilibrio socioeconómico y afectivo que estas familias logran construir para hacer frente a sus condiciones de vida angustiantes. En medio de la estigmatización que la sociedad hace de la situación, del silencio, con el cual soportan el trauma, y de un apoyo poco comprensivo y pertinente por parte de las instituciones encargadas de la atención de estas familias, las madres acometen diferentes acciones para hacer frente a su realidad. La reconfiguración de su rol como madres se convierte en un punto de partida clave para la superación del estado de impotencia en el cual quedan sumidas, posterior al abuso sexual de sus hijas(os.

La modalidad de agentes multiplicadores para orientar a madres y padres de familia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Villarreal Montoya

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Recibido 9 de abril de 2013 • Corregido 22 de agosto de 2013 • Aceptado 11 de setiembre de 2013 En este artículo se sistematiza una experiencia de orientación con madres y padres de familia en instituciones educativas de las provincias de San José y Heredia, Costa Rica. La modalidad de “agentes multiplicadores” fue la estrategia utilizada en el proyecto de extensión “Fortalecimiento de la familia” de la División de Educación para el Trabajo (DET de la Universidad Nacional. Un grupo de profesionales de la orientación y docentes de esta División, capacitó como facilitadoras a un grupo de dieciocho profesionales, tanto de la orientación como de otras disciplinas, en comunicación familiar, en la expresión del enojo, la cosmovisión de las familias, y la planificación de proyectos para trabajar con madres y padres de familia con una metodología participativa, en la cual se tomaron, como insumo, las vivencias de quienes participan en los proyectos de orientación familiar. Los proyectos se pusieron en práctica en nueve instituciones y participaron en total ciento cinco madres y seis padres de familia. En el apartado que resume los logros obtenidos se destaca el impacto del salto metodológico al cambiar “la charla” por la participación de madres y padres con sus propias experiencias vitales en la convivencia familiar. Los aprendizajes obtenidos han sido insumos de utilidad en la ampliación y continuación de este proyecto dirigido a la orientación de figuras progenitoras.

Depresión materna perinatal y vínculo madre-bebé: consideraciones clínicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Paola Olhaberry Huber

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La alta frecuencia de los trastornos depresivos en el mundo y las altas tasas reportadas durante el pre y postparto, alertan sobre la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de la depresión materna perinatal y sus repercusiones psicológicas en la madre y el niño/a. Se describen y analizan sus características, los factores protectores y de riesgo, los principales efectos en el vínculo madre-bebé, el desarrollo infantil y la identidad materna a partir de una revisión de la literatura existente. Se reflexiona también sobre las implicancias clínicas de este trastorno, las alternativas de tratamiento y los desafíos actuales para su abordaje psicoterapéutico integral, considerando los distintos aspectos de la matriz relacional de la díada madre-hijo/a en interacción.

DISTRIBUCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN ECO-CLIMÁTICA DEL GÉNERO Crataegus L. (Rosaceae, SUBFAM. Maloideae EN MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. A. Núñez-Colín

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El género Crataegus L. en México está constituido por 13 especies para el centro y norte y probablemente 2 para el sur, de las cuales de 9 a 10 especies son endémicas. La posible distribución de este género en México se desconoce, pero especies de este género han sido reportadas en 20 de los 32 estados de México, pero por el clima donde se desarrollan pueden encontrarse en otras entidades del país. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la posible distribución del género Crataegus en México, a partir de un Análisis de Información Geográfica (GIS, así como identificar las posibles zonas eco-climáticas donde las especies del género Crataegus están presentes. La mayor probabilidad de distribución del género Crataegus en México es en las zonas montañosas de la Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental y de la Sierra Madre del Sur, así como en el Eje Neo-Volcánico. Los grupos de distribución climática son tres: el grupo 1 presenta clima templado (Eje Neo-Volcánico, el grupo 2 clima semidesértico a desértico (Norte y Noreste del país y el grupo 3 clima subtropical (las zonas montañosas del Pacífico Sur y Golfo de México.

Medicina regenerativa y células madre. Mecanismos de acción de las células madre adultas

OpenAIRE

Hernández Ramírez, Porfirio

2009-01-01

La medicina regenerativa es una rama de la medicina que se ha desarrollado considerablemente en los últimos años. Los avances en este campo se han vinculado estrechamente con los nuevos conocimientos adquiridos sobre las células madre y su capacidad de convertirse en células de diferentes tejidos. Esta medicina se sustenta en conductas adoptadas por el organismo para remplazar por células sanas a las dañadas por diversos procesos en determinados tejidos. Las medidas terapéuticas empleadas pue...

Uso de catecolamina para la diferenciación de células madre a cardiomiocitos.

OpenAIRE

Pablo, Flora de; Bártulos Encinas, Óscar; Hernández-Sánchez, Catalina; Aranega Jiménez, Amelia

2008-01-01

Uso de catecolamina para la diferenciación de células madre a cardiomiocitos. La presente invención se refiere al uso de catecolamina para la diferenciación de células madre a cardiomiocitos y su maduración así como un método para la obtención y maduración de estas células cardíacas. Además, la catecolamina puede usarse para la preparación de un medicamento destinado al tratamiento de un daño cardíaco.

Distribution of 14C- labelled methyl parathion in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhatia, P.; Garg, A.K.; Kochhar, V.

1994-01-01

The activity of an insecticide when evaluated on dynamic basis is largely explained by differences in the rate of penetration, distribution and excretion. These mechanisms determine the fate of insecticides in the living system. The distribution of an organophosphorus insecticide i.e. 14 C-methyl parathion, based studies conducted on various aspects of it in relation to house sparrow, is presented. 9 refs., 1 fig

Differential cooling and uplift of the eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Central Argentina)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steenken, A; Martino, R.; Wemmer, K.; Siegesmund, S.; Drobe, M.; Lopez de Luchi, M.

2007-01-01

The Eastern Sierras Pampean as are constituted by the Neo proterozoic to early Cambrian basement of the Sierras de Cordoba, San Luis and eastern La Rioja (29grades 00seconds - 33grades 30seconds, 64grades 00seconds - 6 00W) outcropping in the east of the Chaco-Parana basin. High-grade metamorphic gneisses and schists dominate the basement. The intrusion of magmatic rocks took place during the Pampean, Famatinian and Achalian cycles. The basement is divided in different lithological and structural domains by N-S trending ductile shear-zones. The east-dipping compressive Los Tuneles and Guacha Corral shear-zones at the western limit of the Sierras de Cordoba are the most important with respect to the exhumation history of the Sierras. An extensive survey on the cooling history by K/Ar biotite and muscovite dating of the basement rocks of the Sierras de Cordoba and San Luis was carried out and interpreted in terms of a differential exhumation history of the different blocks. Beginning of cooling in the Sierra de San Luis is documented by large muscovite booklets from pegmatites yielding ages between 438 Ma and 448 Ma. Slow cooling rates (3grades/Ma) led to a systematic reset of the K/Ar ages in the fine-grained muscovites forming two groups between 430 Ma and 410 Ma and 410 Ma and 380 Ma resulting from the Achalian deformation in the upper Silurian-Upper Devonian. In contrast to the Upper Ordovician/-Llandoverian cooling onset in the Sierra de San Luis, large pegmatitic muscovites from the Sierras de Cordoba record late Cambrian to Early Ordovician ages between 493 Ma and 474 Ma. The limit between those age domains is marked by the Los Tuneles and Guacha Corral shear-zones accommodating the vertical displacement responsible for the different ages. Cooling ages from the shear-zone rocks at 430 Ma define the upper limit for the contraction that is related to the collision with the Cuyania Terrane to the western outboard of Gondwana

CÉLULAS MADRE: FUNDAMENTOS Y REVISIÓN DE LA EXPERIENCIA CLÍNICA EN ENFERMEDADES HEPÁTICAS

OpenAIRE

Dra. Daniela Fluxá; Dr. Guillermo Silva

2017-01-01

En la actualidad, el trasplante hepático es el único tratamiento curativo para enfermedades como la cirrosis en etapas avanzadas y falla hepática fulminante. Sin embargo, la escasez de donantes, su alto costo y la morbimortalidad asociada son limitaciones importantes de este procedimiento. A causa de lo anterior surge la idea de utilizar células madre como terapia alternativa al trasplante hepático. Numerosos tipos de células madre exhiben potencial para desarrollarse en hepatocitos viables: ...

NIÑOS BUENOS VS NIÑOS MALOS:ETNOTEORIAS DE UN GRUPO DE MADRES GUATEMALTECAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Garcia Egan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las etnoteorías de los padres sobre el desarrollo de sus hijos proporcionan un marco para la transmisión cultural de valores y comportamientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las creencias de un grupo de madres guatemaltecas sobre el aprendizaje de los niños, los comportamientos "buenos" y "malos," y las cualidades deseadas de los hijos cuando estos sean adultos. Veintidós madres de bajos ingresos (edades 20 a 70 fueron entrevistadas sobre sus creencias con respecto a la formación y cualidades deseadas en los niños. Las madres informaron que los hijos buenos son obedientes y respetuosos, cualidades aprendidas en casa. Existen diferencias entre géneros, se espera que las niñas buenas ayuden con las tareas domésticas y los niños buenos estudien intensamente. Los niños malos son desobedientes e irrespetuosos, cualidades aprendidas "en la calle". De los hijos adultos se espera que sean trabajadores y respetuosos. Es importante comprender como las creencias parentales son reproducidas en las prácticas de crianza dentro de la cambiante y diversa sociedad Guatemalteca.

Prácticas de crianza en madres de estratos socioeconómico medio y bajo de Lima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alegría Majluf

1989-12-01

Full Text Available Con 90 madres de niños de 6 y 7 años se encuentran diferencias significativas en las prácticas de crianza; siendo las madres de clase media más democráticas, y las de clase baja, más autoritarias. Con el Informe de Prácticas de Crianza, de Block, se observan diferencias tanto en control autoritario, control por ansiedad y supervisión (Autoritarismo como en estimulaci6n de independencia, expresi6n de afecto, y uso de la razón (Democracia. También se apreciaron diferencias en el goce del rol materno, el destete, control de los esfínteres y represi6n sexual. Las madres de clase media y baja no difirieron en expectativas y afán de logros del hijo.

DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax

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Luis Espinasa

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The blind Mexican tetra fish, Astyanax mexicanus, has become the most influential model for research of cave adapted organisms. Many authors assume that the Sierra de Guatemala populations and the Sierra de El Abra populations are derived from two independent colonizations. This assumption arises in part from biogeography. The 100 m high, 100 m wide Servilleta Canyon of the Boquillas River separates both mountain ranges and is an apparent barrier for troglobite dispersion. Anelpistina quinterensis (Nicoletiidae, Zygentoma, Insecta is one of the most troglomorphic nicoletiid silverfish insects ever described. 16S rRNA sequences support that this species migrated underground to reach both mountain ranges within less than 12,000 years. Furthermore, literature shows a plethora of aquatic and terrestrial cave restricted species that inhabit both mountain ranges. Thus, the Servilleta canyon has not been an effective biological barrier that prevented underground migration of troglobites between the Sierra de Guatemala and the Sierra de El Abra. The Boquillas River has changed its course throughout time. Caves that in the past connected the two Sierras were only recently geologically truncated by the erosion of the new river course. It is likely that, with the geological changes of the area and throughout the 2-8 million years of evolutionary history of cave Astyanax, there have been opportunities to migrate across the Servilleta canyon.

Distribución geográfica de la avifauna en la Sierra Madre Oriental de San Luis Potosí, México: un análisis regional de su estado de conservación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Sahagún Sánchez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La región de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO en el estado de San Luis Potosí en México es considerada un sitio de relevancia para la conservación de la avifauna a nivel nacional. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución geográfica de las aves en la zona para identificar las áreas con mayor concentración de la riqueza y evaluar su estado actual de conservación para fundamentar la necesidad de incrementar la superficie dedicada a las áreas naturales protegidas en el futuro. Se recolectó información proveniente de diversas bases de datos de colecciones y museos, además de realizar trabajo de campo en el periodo de enero 2009 a Mayo 2011. Se modelaron las distribuciones potenciales para 284 especies con el programa GARP y se elaboró un mapa de consenso para determinar la ubicación espacial de las áreas con condiciones ambientales para soportar el mayor número de especies. Finalmente, se evaluó la representatividad de las zonas dedicadas a la conservación para las aves. Se registraron 357 especies, de las cuales el 71.4% son residentes permanentes, 19% son migratorias de invierno y 3.9% residentes de verano. Del total, 41 especies son endémicas y 48 se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo; la mayor concentración de especies se presentó en las coberturas de bosques de encino, bosques mesófilos y selvas medianas y bajas caducifolias, en un intervalo altitudinal entre 100-1 500m con una más alta cantidad de nichos en la parte centro y hacia el sur y este de la región. Sólo el 10% de las zonas con alto potencial de número de especies está incluido como área de importancia para la conservación de las aves y el 3% del total de áreas potenciales está bajo alguna categoría estatal de protección; sin embargo, ninguna de las áreas tiene un plan de manejo que esté siendo aplicado y monitoreado. La información generada es importante para el desarrollo de propuestas de conservación para las

Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.48 User's Guide: Addendum for Shock Capabilities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plews, Julia A.; Crane, Nathan K; de Frias, Gabriel Jose; Le, San; Littlewood, David John; Merewether, Mark Thomas; Mosby, Matthew David; Pierson, Kendall H.; Porter, Vicki L.; Shelton, Timothy; Thomas, Jesse David; Tupek, Michael R.; Veilleux, Michael; Xavier, Patrick G.

2018-03-01

This is an addendum to the Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.48 User's Guide that documents additional capabilities available only in alternate versions of the Sierra/SolidMechanics (Sierra/SM) code. These alternate versions are enhanced to provide capabilities that are regulated under the U.S. Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) export-control rules. The ITAR regulated codes are only distributed to entities that comply with the ITAR export-control requirements. The ITAR enhancements to Sierra/SM in- clude material models with an energy-dependent pressure response (appropriate for very large deformations and strain rates) and capabilities for blast modeling. Since this is an addendum to the standard Sierra/SM user's guide, please refer to that document first for general descriptions of code capability and use.

Using survival analysis of artificial and Real Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri) nests to model site level and nest site factors associated with nest success in the South Okanagan region of Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Pam Krannitz Kym Welstead

2005-01-01

Predation is the predominant cause of nest failure for the Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri), a provincially red-listed shrub-steppe species that has experienced significant declines throughout most of its range. We monitored Brewer’s Sparrow nests and conducted an artificial nest experiment, in the South Okanagan Valley,...

El rol del profesional de enfermería frente a la lactancia materna en la madre con VIH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirtes Mara Carolino dos Santos

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La lactancia materna es una práctica socialmente considerada como un acto de amor maternal que trae muchos beneficios para la madre y el recién nacido, principalmente mediante la protección contra infecciones, además de promover el crecimiento y el desarrollo. En los casos en que la madre es VIH positiva se da la recomendación de no amamantar porque puede causar un conflicto importante y despertar sentimientos negativos.Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de literatura que pretende ofrecer una reflexión sobre el desempeño del personal de enfermería en el reverso de la seropositividad impuesto a la madre que amamanta al recién nacido siendo portadora de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Resultados: El descubrimiento de la madre de ser VIH positivo, la vista todos los días de la imposibilidad de la lactancia materna; Enfermería en el contexto de la lactancia materna inversa, impuesta por el estado serológico de la madre. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se trata de una población que necesita atención especializada y un equipo multidisciplinario dispuesto, el objetivo es asegurar el enfoque de la prevención de la transmisión vertical; por ello, los profesionales necesitan proporcionar una atención integral y humana que responda a las necesidades de cada mujer embarazada en los aspectos de apoyo emocional y psicológico al contexto social y familiar vivida. Además de proporcionar apoyo para no sentirse indiscriminada por no amamantar. Grande es el impacto por la dualidad lactancia y ser una madre portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. (Rev Cuid 2012;3(3:404-9.Palabras clave: Enfermería, Lactancia Materna, VIH. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME.

El teatro de Manuel Altolaguirre: Amor de madre

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Insausti, Gabriel

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The poet Manuel Altolaguirre felt an intense attraction towards theatre during the Spanish war. He became director of La Barraca, the famous student company Lorca had founded, and later of the Teatro Español, he took part in the writing of El triunfo de las germanías with José Bergamín, and he re-wrote a political drama called Entre dos públicos, which he transformed in Amor de madre, following the path of Gorki and others, maybe in order to get that material into the mould of am ideological orthodoxy from which he would repente Turing his exile years.Durante la guerra civil española el poeta Manuel Altolaguirre se dejó atraer especialmente por el teatro. Dirigió La Barraca, la célebre compañía universitaria fundada por Lorca, así como el Teatro Español, tomó parte en el proyecto de El triunfo de las Germanías junto con José Bergamín y reescribió un drama de tema político, Entre dos públicos, que convirtió en Amor de madre, siguiendo las huellas de Gorki, quizá para adecuarlo a una ortodoxia ideológica de la que más tarde se arrepentiría.

Earthquakes: Risk, Monitoring, Notification, and Research

Science.gov (United States)

2008-06-19

States are as much as 30% lower for certain types of ground motion, called long-period seismic waves, which affect taller , multistory buildings. Ground...jump between connected faults. Earthquakes that occur along the Sierra Madre Fault in southern California, for example, could trigger a series of

Handbook of Supersonic Aerodynamics. Section 20. Wind Tunnel Instrumentation and Operation

Science.gov (United States)

1961-01-01

300 N. Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, Calif. 2. Electronic Engineering Associates, Ltd., 778 El Camino, San Carlos, Calif. 3. Statham Laboratories... Taller and Cooper, Brooklyn, N.Y.), and 2) the balance system (built by Boller and Chivins, Pasadena, Calif.). The model’s suspension system assembly is

Factores asociados con lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes en madres adolescentes. medellin, 2010

OpenAIRE

Gómez Aristizábal, Liliana Yanet; Díaz Ruíz, Carlos Eduardo; Manrique Hernández, Ruben Dario

2013-01-01

Objetivo Determinar los factores asociados con la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes en madres adolescentes de los niveles I y II del SISBEN de la ciudad de Medellín.Métodos Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con 323 madres adolescentes, 197 casos y 126 controles de la “Estrategia Buen Comienzo Había una Vez-BCHV” de Metrosalud y la Alcaldía de Medellín. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para el análisis univariado. Se hizo un análisis de correspondencias. La comparación d...

Convertirse en madre. Etnografía del tiempo de gestación: reseña

OpenAIRE

Bogino Larrambebere, Mercedes

2011-01-01

Reseña de la obra de Elixabete Imaz "Convertirse en madre. Etnografía del tiempo de gestación", publicada por Cátedra, Instituto de la Mujer, Universitat de Valencia, 2010. 420 p. ISBN: 978–84–376–2685–7 Este libro nace de una investigación etnográfica emprendida por Elixabete Imaz para su proyecto de tesis doctoral “Mujeres gestantes, madres en gestación”, bajo la orientación académica de Teresa del Valle. Las protagonistas de este estudio son mujeres que experimentan el tránsito...

Medicina regenerativa: Células madre embrionarias y adultas Regenerative medicine: Embryonic and adult stem cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Porfirio Hernández Ramírez

2004-12-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años ha surgido una nueva rama de la medicina denominada medicina regenerativa, basada fundamentalmente en los nuevos conocimientos sobre las células madre y en su capacidad de convertirse en células de diferentes tejidos. Las células madre se clasifican en embrionarias y somáticas o adultas. Durante varios años se consideró que la célula madre hematopoyética era la única célula en la médula ósea con capacidad generativa. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han mostrado que la composición de la médula ósea es más compleja, pues en ella se ha identificado un grupo heterogéneo de células madre adultas, entre las que se encuentran las: hematopoyéticas, mesenquimales (estromales, población lateral, células progenitoras adultas multipotentes (MAPC. Varios estudios han sugerido que la potencialidad de algunos tipos de células madre adultas es mayor de lo esperado, pues han mostrado en determinadas condiciones capacidad para diferenciarse en células de diferentes linajes, lo que las acercan a la potencialidad de las células embrionarias. Esto ha creado nuevas perspectivas para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades con células madre adultas, lo que inicialmente se pensaba solo podía hacerse con las embrionariasIn the last few years, there has emerged a new branch of medicine called regenerative medicine based mainly on the new knowledge about stem cells and their capacity to turn into cells of different tissues. Stem cells are classified into embryonic cells and somatic or adult cells. For many years, it was believed that hematopoietic stem cell was the only one with regenerative capacity in the bone-marrow. However, recent studies have shown that the composition of the bone marrow is more complex an heterogeneous group of adult stem cells such as hematopoietic, mesenchymal (stromal, lateral population and multipotent adult progenitor cells have been identified there. Several studies suggested that the

Spatial variability in nutrient transport by HUC8, state, and subbasin based on Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SPARROW models

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.; Schwarz, Gregory E.

2014-01-01

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. With geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and monitored loads throughout the MARB, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) watershed models were constructed specifically for the MARB, which reduced simulation errors from previous models. Based on these models, N loads/yields were highest from the central part (centered over Iowa and Indiana) of the MARB (Corn Belt), and the highest P yields were scattered throughout the MARB. Spatial differences in yields from previous studies resulted from different descriptions of the dominant sources (N yields are highest with crop-oriented agriculture and P yields are highest with crop and animal agriculture and major WWTPs) and different descriptions of downstream transport. Delivered loads/yields from the MARB SPARROW models are used to rank subbasins, states, and eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins (HUC8s) by N and P contributions and then rankings are compared with those from other studies. Changes in delivered yields result in an average absolute change of 1.3 (N) and 1.9 (P) places in state ranking and 41 (N) and 69 (P) places in HUC8 ranking from those made with previous national-scale SPARROW models. This information may help managers decide where efforts could have the largest effects (highest ranked areas) and thus reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.

Health complications of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone

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Bjälkander O

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Owolabi Bjälkander,1 Laurel Bangura,2 Bailah Leigh,3 Vanja Berggren,1 Staffan Bergström,1 Lars Almroth11Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Inter Africa Committee, Sierra Leone; 3Department of Community Health, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra LeoneAbstract: Sierra Leone has one of the highest rates of female genital mutilation (FGM in the world, and yet little is known about the health consequences of the practice.Purpose: To explore whether and what kind of FGM-related health complications girls and women in Sierra Leone experience, and to elucidate their health care-seeking behaviors.Patients and methods: A feasibility study was conducted to test and refine questionnaires and methods used for this study. Thereafter, a cross-section of girls and women (n = 258 attending antenatal care and Well Women Clinics in Bo Town, Bo District, in the southern region and in Makeni Town, Bombali District, in the northern region of Sierra Leone were randomly selected. Participants answered interview-administrated pretested structured questionnaires with open-ended-questions, administrated by trained female personnel.Results: All respondents had undergone FGM, most between 10 and 14 years of age. Complications were reported by 218 respondents (84.5%, the most common ones being excessive bleeding, delay in or incomplete healing, and tenderness. Fever was significantly more often reported by girls who had undergone FGM before 10 years of age compared with those who had undergone the procedure later. Out of those who reported complications, 187 (85.8% sought treatment, with 89 of them visiting a traditional healer, 75 a Sowei (traditional circumciser, and 16 a health professional.Conclusion: The high prevalence rate of FGM and the proportion of medical complications show that FGM is a matter for public health concern in Sierra Leone. Girls who

Curriculum Diversification Re-examined--A Case Study of Sierra Leone.

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, Cream A. H.

This paper deals with a case study of secondary curriculum diversification as a vocationalization strategy in Sierra Leone. It explores diversification issues from four crucial standpoints that are distinct but highly interrelated. First, diversification is dealt with as a policy that was adopted and actively pursued by Sierra Leone for over a…

SIERRA - A 3-D device simulator for reliability modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Chern, Jue-Hsien; Arledge, Lawrence A., Jr.; Yang, Ping; Maeda, John T.

1989-05-01

SIERRA is a three-dimensional general-purpose semiconductor-device simulation program which serves as a foundation for investigating integrated-circuit (IC) device and reliability issues. This program solves the Poisson and continuity equations in silicon under dc, transient, and small-signal conditions. Executing on a vector/parallel minisupercomputer, SIERRA utilizes a matrix solver which uses an incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioned conjugate gradient square (CGS, BCG) method. The ILU-CGS method provides a good compromise between memory size and convergence rate. The authors have observed a 5x to 7x speedup over standard direct methods in simulations of transient problems containing highly coupled Poisson and continuity equations such as those found in reliability-oriented simulations. The application of SIERRA to parasitic CMOS latchup and dynamic random-access memory single-event-upset studies is described.

75 FR 20591 - AES Sparrows Point LNG, LLC and Mid-Atlantic Express, LLC; Notice of Final General Conformity...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-20

...] AES Sparrows Point LNG, LLC and Mid-Atlantic Express, LLC; Notice of Final General Conformity... revised draft Final General Conformity Determination (GCD) for Pennsylvania to assess the potential air... the above-referenced dockets. In accordance with the General Conformity Regulations under the Code of...

El embarazo a temprana edad. Perspectiva de progenitores y madres adolescentes

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Luis Manuel Rodríguez Otero

2016-11-01

Full Text Available El embarazo adolescente refiere al que se produce entre la adolescencia inicial o pubertad. La gestación y maternidad durante este periodo implica distintas consecuencias a nivel personal, familiar y social. Destacando cuestione como: la mortalidad, la morbilidad, el aborto, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el abandono escolar, posiciones de vulnerabilidad, la reproducción de la pobreza, etc. Por otro lado existen factores que favorecen la existencia de esta problemática tales como: aspectos geográficos, cuestiones sociofamiliares e individuales, las políticas públicas, los recursos existentes, el nivel formativo o conocimiento al respecto, estilos de vida no saludables, el matrimonio a edades tempranas, el rol de género tradicional asignado a la mujer, etc. Utilizando como muestra a 6 madres a temprana edad y 6 progenitores de madres adolescentes del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, se plantea una investigación cualitativa a través del análisis de contenido y categorización de entrevistas con el objetivo de identificar la percepción que poseen respecto al embarazo a temprana edad. Así como las causas, consecuencias y las medidas existentes. Los resultados evidencian la manifestación de distintas causas individuales, políticas, familiares y sociales en la muestra, así como diversas consecuencias tanto individuales como familiares. Así mismo se observa que la escuela es la principal fuente de información. Es por ello que se propone revisar las medidas preventivas al respecto y la intervención tomando en consideración a las madres que ya son adolescentes para minimizar las posibles consecuencias descritas.

Late holocene tectonic damming up in eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Cordoba, Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Massabie, A.C.; Limarino, C.O; Panarello, H.O.; Cordero, R.R; Bertels, A

2001-01-01

Neogene deformation due to Andean Orogeny has caused block faulting in the Sierras Pampeanas area, fracturing a Precambrian Paleozoic crystalline basement. These dislocations produced Late Tertiary to Quaternary landscape changes which are mainly expressed in clear and good preserved fluvial path modifications in sedimentary cover. The study of alterations of fluvial channel pattern associated with Quaternary tectonics has special neotectonic value in this central area of Argentina as a basic method to gain more precise temporal restrain of recent movements. Attention to this specific neotectonic field parallels general geologic knowledge evolution in Sierras Pampeanas. But in spite that nowadays better stratigraphic controls are available based on morphostructural, sedimentologic and paleontologic constraints (Massabie, 1999), still remain temporal uncertainties. Major difficulties for a more precise dating of neotectonic in the area of Sierras Pampeanas is a direct consequence of the random distribution of Neogene continental sediments located in different isolated basins which are mainly lacking of good bioestratigraphic control for comprehensive correlation. First steps in the study of Quaternary faulting dating in Sierras Pampeanas starts with the pioneer paper of Schlagintweit (1954) which reported a Quaternary faulting backed by stratigraphic and morphostructural considerations. Afterthen other papers about Quaternary faulting were presented based on similar geologic constraints (Lencinas y Timonieri, 1968; Massabie, 1976, 1987; Massabie and Szlafsztein, 1991; Kraemer et al., 1993; Massabie et al.,1998). In the way up to manage better adjust of Quaternary faulting dating in Sierras Pampeanas, there is a first work for Eastern Sierras Pampeanas presenting 14 C dating (Costa and Vita-Finzi, 1996). The authors postulated a late step of faulting younger than 1,300 for Comechingones fault with radiocarbon analysis based on organic matter in footwall colluvium

Estrategias usadas para alimentar a niños preescolares por madres de una zona urbano marginal de Lima, Perú

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Doris Delgado-Pérez

Full Text Available RESUMEN Se exploraron las estrategias que usan las madres de una zona urbano-marginal de Lima, para alimentar a sus hijos de 36 a 66 meses de edad. Estudio cualitativo con método de teoría fundamentada realizado en 30 madres que participaron en 1 de 4 grupos focales y/o 1 de 11 entrevistas a profundidad. Las entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales, previamente grabadas, fueron transcritas para la identificación de los temas finales. La edad de las madres estuvo entre los 22 y 42 años; 60% de ellas con educación básica incompleta. Se encontraron como estrategias positivas dar de comer cuando tiene apetito y el manejo de oportunidades para dar de comer. Como estrategias negativas se encontró presionar para que coma y uso de castigo o premio para que termine su comida. Se concluye que las madres utilizaron estrategias positivas y negativas con la finalidad de que sus hijos coman toda su comida servida.

Factores de riesgo de salud maternoinfantil en madres adolescentes de Colombia

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Jorge Ruiz Linares

1998-08-01

Full Text Available Se ha documentado que las madres adolescentes presentan peores indicadores de salud maternoinfantil que las de mayor edad. Por ello, el propósito de esta investigación fue estudiar para Colombia algunas características maternas (biológicas y conductuales que pudieran afectar a la salud de sus hijos. Con información proveniente de la Encuesta de Prevalencia, Demografía y Salud de 1990, se estudió a la totalidad de niños menores de 5 años (n = 4971 y a sus respectivas madres. Las variables independientes fueron edad (en el momento de la encuesta, estado civil, residencia urbana o rural, nivel socioeconómico y paridad; las variables dependientes fueron bajo peso al nacer, atención prenatal, atención prenatal oportuna y tenencia de la tarjeta de vacunación. Se encontró que en Colombia la mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas o bien recibían atención prenatal de un médico o no recibían atención alguna; muy pocas acudieron con una partera, enfermera u otro personal de salud. En las adolescentes embarazadas la posibilidad de tener un hijo con bajo peso al nacer fue más alta que en las mujeres de 20 a 24 años. Sin embargo, estos dos grupos de mujeres tuvieron resultados similares en las variables del comportamiento (atención prenatal, atención prenatal oportuna y tenencia de la tarjeta de vacunación, a excepción de que hubo más adolescentes que no tenían la tarjeta de vacunación. Por otra parte, estos indicadores fueron mejores en las madres casadas en comparación con las mujeres solteras, viudas, separadas, en unión consensual o divorciadas. En conclusión, el embarazo de una adolescente debe considerarse de alto riesgo, no solo por la falta de desarrollo de su sistema reproductivo sino también por sus características de comportamiento. El riesgo es aun mayor cuando la futura madre no se encuentra legalmente casada, tiene dos o más hijos, no vive en una zona urbana, es de bajos ingresos y tiene poca educación formal.

Genetic diversity and population structure in contemporary house sparrow populations along an urbanization gradient

OpenAIRE

Vangestel, C; Mergeay, Joachim; Dawson, D. A; Callens, T; Vandomme, V; Lens, L

2012-01-01

House sparrow (Passer domesticus) populations have suffered major declines in urban as well as rural areas, while remaining relatively stable in suburban ones. Yet, to date no exhaustive attempt has been made to examine how, and to what extent, spatial variation in population demography is reflected in genetic population structuring along contemporary urbanization gradients. Here we use putatively neutral microsatellite loci to study if and how genetic variation can be partitioned in a hierar...

77 FR 21920 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Eastern...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-12

... was once widespread and numerous in the Medicine Bow, Pole, Snowy, and Sierra Madre Mountain Ranges... the potential for the SRM population to be its own evolutionary unit as evidenced by geographic... indicates that the SRM population is part of a more widespread evolutionary lineage that includes boreal...

Field Measurement and Model Evaluation Program for Assessment of the Environmental Effects of Military Smokes: The Atterbury-87 Field Study of Smoke Dispersion Model

Science.gov (United States)

1989-02-01

satisfies these criteria and is a major3 reason for the enduring popularity of the Prairie Grass database. Taller or slightly less homogeneous vegetation only...by California Measurements, Inc. (Sierra Madre , CA). The cascade impactor of the PC-2 is comprised of ten aerodynamic inertial impactors arranged in

Diagnóstico educativo sobre salud bucal en embarazadas y madres con niños menores de un año

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Judit Martínez Abreu

Full Text Available Introducción: la atención estomatológica en Cuba prioriza a embarazadas y madres con niños menores de un año. Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos sobre salud bucal de embarazadas y madres con niños menores de un año. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el municipio Matanzas de 2010 a 2012. El universo fueron todas las embarazadas y madres con niños menores de un año. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística con las primeras 126 gestantes captadas y 126 madres que acudieran a puericultura, que dieron su consentimiento informado. Se aplicó la encuesta de conocimientos del Programa Nacional de Atención Estomatológica Integral a la Población y una lluvia de ideas para identificar los conocimientos favorables o no a la salud bucal, en relación a cuatro temas: caries dental, periodontopatías, brote dentario y maloclusiones. Se consideró el nivel de conocimientos bajo (menos de 70 puntos, medio (entre 71 y 89 puntos y alto (más de 90 puntos. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados estadísticamente, se usó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: entre los conocimientos favorables a la salud bucal estuvieron los relacionados con las medidas preventivas de caries dental y periodontopatías, como el cepillado, con 85,7 % en embarazadas y 95,2 % en madres con niños menores de un año. Los conocimientos desfavorables fueron los relacionados con el brote dentario con 96 % en embarazadas y 94,4 % en madres con niños menores de un año. Las madres con niños menores de un año, mostraron nivel de conocimientos medio (70,6 %, mientras que las embarazadas, mostraron nivel bajo (65,9 %. Conclusiones: las madres con niños menores de un año mostraron nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal, medio y las embarazadas mostraron un nivel bajo. Los conocimientos sobre brote dentario y maloclusiones fueron insuficientes, por lo que serán las principales temáticas para desarrollar

Topographic Evolution of the Sierra Nevada Resolved by Inversion of Low-Temperature Thermochronology

Science.gov (United States)

McPhillips, D. F.; Brandon, M. T.

2011-12-01

At present, there are two competing ideas for the topographic evolution of the Sierra Nevada Range. One idea is that the Sierra Nevada was formed as a monocline in the Cretaceous, marking the transition from the Great Valley forearc basin to the west, and a high Nevadaplano plateau to the east, similar to the west flank of the modern Altiplano of the Andes. Both the thermochronologic signature of local relief and the stable isotopic evidence of a topographic rain shadow support this hypothesis. However, a suite of geomorphic observations suggests that the Sierra gained a large fraction of its present elevation as recently as the Pliocene. This recent surface uplift could have been driven by convective removal of in the lower part of the lithosphere and/or by changes in dynamic topography associated with deep subduction of the Farallon plate. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of low-temperature thermochronology in the Sierra Nevada, which provides a definitive solution, which indicates that both ideas are likely correct. Our analysis is distinguished by three new factors: The first is that we allow for separate evolutions for the local relief and the long-wavelength topography. Second, we use Al-in-Hb paleobarometry to constrain the initial depth of emplacement for the Sierra Nevada plutons. Third, our analysis is tied to a sea-level reference by using the paleo-bathymetric record of the Great Valley basin, where it on-laps the Sierra Nevada batholith. According to our analysis, westward tilting of the Sierra accounts for 2 km of uplift since 20 Ma. Topographic relief increased by a factor of 2. These findings suggest that the Sierra Nevada lost elevation through most of the Tertiary but regained much of its initial elevation following the onset of surface uplift in the Miocene.

Estrategias empleadas por las madres durante el proceso de alimentación en niños de 6 a 24 meses de dos comunidades rurales de Lima, Perú

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Gandy Dolores-Maldonado

Full Text Available Objetivos. Conocer las estrategias de la madre durante el proceso de alimentación en niños de 6 a 24 meses de dos comunidades de Lima. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, participaron 18 madres primíparas o multíparas de niños de 6-24 meses de edad, se empleó un muestreo intencionado por edad y paridad de la madre, se realizaron 36 observaciones directas y 12 entrevistas a profundidad. Análisis de datos inductivo, las categorías se agruparon por temas y por técnica, llegando a un consenso de los temas entre autores. Resultados. La comunicación verbal se vio marcadamente más en las madres multíparas. Se encontraron tres grandes temas; comunicación verbal madre-hijo, las madres multíparas fueron quienes utilizaron palabras afectivas durante la comida. Involucramiento y estrategias para dar de comer se vio caracterizado por la animación al niño a terminar la comida mediante, juegos y cantos que mostraron las madres multíparas con ayuda, algunas veces, de otros integrantes de la familia; sin embargo, no se obtuvo los mismos resultados por parte de las madres primíparas, ellas generalmente se tornaron represivas ante el rechazo de la comida. El contexto durante la comida, favorece a que el niño termine su comida. Conclusiones. Las estrategias utilizadas durante el tiempo de comida fueron variadas y parcializadas; predominantemente para las madres multíparas, actuando de una forma más activa y responsiva, sin embargo, las madres primíparas pueden llegar a actuar de una forma autoritaria cuando el menor se ensucia, juega y/o rechaza los alimentos

CAUSAS FRECUENTES DE CONDICIONES CRÍTICAS DE SALUD MADRE-HIJO, EN LOS HOSPITALES UNIVERSITARIOS DE LA SAMARITANA Y DEL VALLE ENTRE FEBREROY JUNIO DE 2005

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Carmen Lilia Rodríguez Medina

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. Existen factores macro ambientales, matro ambientales y micro ambientales que llevan a condiciones críticas de salud madre-hijo. Objetivo. Describir los principales factores que caracterizaron las condiciones críticas de salud madre- hijo en los Hospitales Universitarios de la Samaritana y del Valle durante los meses de febrero a junio del 2005. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo utilizando los datos de las historias clínicas y una encuesta aplicada a las 110 madres de los recién nacidos que se encontraron en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Se evaluaron las variables: edad gestacional, género, peso, patología del recién nacido, edad de la madre, controles prenatales, ingreso mensual, patología y hospitalizaciones previas de la madre, consumo de sustancias psico-activas, estado civil, procedencia. Se analizaron las frecuencias y se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante el paquete estadístico SPAD el análisis de regresión se hizo con el paquete MINITAB versión 14.0. Resultados. La mayoría de los recién nacidos correspondieron al género masculino, con un peso promedio de 2.411 gramos, con un promedio de edad gestacional de 33.14 semanas (26-43. La patología de mayor incidencia fue la membrana hialina seguida de la sepsis. En las madres se encontró que el rango de edad estuvo entre 12 y 46 años, el mayor porcentaje se encontró en madres entre 15 y 19 años. El 28 por ciento eran procedentes de zona rural, tres por ciento vivían en la calle y 24 por ciento sufrían condición de desplazamiento. El 9 por ciento consumió licor o droga antes y durante el embarazo, 21 por ciento de estas madres son cabeza de familia, 26 por ciento son madres solteras. El promedio de controles prenatales fue de tres y solamente el 30 por ciento los consideraron buenos,18 por ciento no asistió a ningún tipo de control prenatal. El bajo nivel de control prenatal obedeció a razones socio

Territory and nest site selection patterns by Grasshopper Sparrows in southeastern Arizona

Science.gov (United States)

Ruth, Janet M.; Skagen, Susan K.

2017-01-01

Grassland bird populations are showing some of the greatest rates of decline of any North American birds, prompting measures to protect and improve important habitat. We assessed how vegetation structure and composition, habitat features often targeted for management, affected territory and nest site selection by Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum ammolegus) in southeastern Arizona. To identify features important to males establishing territories, we compared vegetation characteristics of known territories and random samples on 2 sites over 5 years. We examined habitat selection patterns of females by comparing characteristics of nest sites with territories over 3 years. Males selected territories in areas of sparser vegetation structure and more tall shrubs (>2 m) than random plots on the site with low shrub densities. Males did not select territories based on the proportion of exotic grasses. Females generally located nest sites in areas with lower small shrub (1–2 m tall) densities than territories overall when possible and preferentially selected native grasses for nest construction. Whether habitat selection was apparent depended upon the range of vegetation structure that was available. We identified an upper threshold above which grass structure seemed to be too high and dense for Grasshopper Sparrows. Our results suggest that some management that reduces vegetative structure may benefit this species in desert grasslands at the nest and territory scale. However, we did not assess initial male habitat selection at a broader landscape scale where their selection patterns may be different and could be influenced by vegetation density and structure outside the range of values sampled in this study.

Surface ultrastructural (SEM) characteristics of oropharyngeal cavity of house sparrow (Passer domesticus).

Science.gov (United States)

Abumandour, Mohamed M A

2018-06-01

The focus of the present study is to provide a full morphological description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the house sparrow. The head of six birds was prepared for gross examination and by stereo and electron microscopy. The bifid lingual apex has multiple long, rostrally directed needle-like processes. The lateral border of the apex carries rostromedially directed needle-like processes. The dorsal lingual surface of the apex and body carries numerous caudomedially directed filiform papillae and many orifices of lingual salivary glands. The lingual body is divided into two parts: rostral and caudal. The caudal part is divided into two laterally elevated regions by a median groove, while the rostral part is bounded laterally by a rostrodorsally directed papillary row, which on SEM is formed from two rows. On SEM, the lingual root has many orifices of posterior salivary glands. The pharyngeal papillary row is located at the caudal border of the laryngeal mound, but this single papillary row is formed from two rows at SEM magnification. The laryngeal cleft continues caudally as a laryngeal fissure bounded by two longitudinal rows of caudally directed papillae; at high SEM magnification, this fissure is divided into two halves by a median ridge which carries caudally directed papillae on its posterior part. The choanal cleft proceeds rostrally by the median tubercle. There are a small number of orifices of palatine salivary glands. The morphological characters of the oropharyngeal cavity of the sparrow confirm its adaptation to surrounding environmental conditions and available food particles.

House sparrows' (Passer domesticus) behaviour in a novel environment is modulated by social context and familiarity in a sex-specific manner.

Science.gov (United States)

Tuliozi, Beniamino; Fracasso, Gerardo; Hoi, Herbert; Griggio, Matteo

2018-01-01

Exploratory behaviour is one of the best-investigated behavioural traits. However, little is known about how differences in familiarity, i.e. in the knowledge and previous experience with a companion can influence the exploration of a novel environment. However, to our knowledge, such a critical feature of the social environment has never been the target of a study relating it to exploratory behaviour in birds. Here we examined if familiarity with a conspecific could affect behavioural responses of individuals confronted with a novel environment. We recorded the latency to land on the ground, latency to feed, time spent feeding and number of sectors visited of 48 female and 48 male house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) in an indoor aviary in three contexts: alone (individual context), with an unfamiliar and with a familiar same-sex companion. House sparrows landed sooner on the ground when in the familiar context than when in the individual context. Birds in unfamiliar pairs followed each other less than familiar birds, but this difference diminished with time spent exploring. Moreover, males and females differed in their behavioural responses in the unfamiliar context. Females with a familiar companion landed sooner than when they were paired with an unfamiliar conspecific, whereas only the presence of a companion but not familiarity reduced males latency to land on the ground. Finally, when considering the unfamiliar context males had shorter latencies to forage and thus spent more time eating than females. The presence or absence of a companion and its familiarity with the focal individual influenced differently the behavioural responses of male and female house sparrows in a novel environment. As house sparrows are strongly sociable, the influence of the social environment is likely to be of paramount importance to understand the selective pressures acting on them, particularly in recently colonized areas with ephemeral food sources. Our results shed light on

Modelos Y Prácticas de Maternidad: Continuidades y Cambios en dos Generaciones de Madres Platenses

OpenAIRE

María Victoria Castilla

2008-01-01

El objetivo de investigación que guió este trabajo consiste en analizar las continuidades y cambios en las prácticas de maternidad en dos generaciones de madres de nivel socioeconómico medio y los modelos de maternidad que están por detrás de las mismas; tomando como caso de estudio la ciudad de La Plata. Para ello, se analizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad: 15 a mujeres que fueron madres en el 2000 y 15 que lo fueron en 1970. Del análisis surge la presencia de un entramado de elementos de ...

Depresión materna perinatal y vínculo madre-bebé: consideraciones clínicas

OpenAIRE

Marcia Paola Olhaberry Huber; Macarena Romero Jiménez; Ángela Miranda Largo

2015-01-01

La alta frecuencia de los trastornos depresivos en el mundo y las altas tasas reportadas durante el pre y postparto, alertan sobre la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de la depresión materna perinatal y sus repercusiones psicológicas en la madre y el niño/a. Se describen y analizan sus características, los factores protectores y de riesgo, los principales efectos en el vínculo madre-bebé, el desarrollo infantil y la identidad materna a partir de una revisión de la literatura existen...

Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks Show a Mixed Response to Cattle Grazing in the Intermountain Region of British Columbia

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Megan L. Harrison

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Livestock grazing in the shortgrass steppe of the Intermountain region of British Columbia is predicted to have significant effects on grassland habitats and their associated ground-nesting bird communities. We tested whether grazed and ungrazed sites could be discriminated on the basis of their vegetation communities, whether the abundance of two ground-nesting bird species, Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta, differed between grazed and ungrazed sites, and whether vegetation variables found to differ between grazed and ungrazed plots could be used to predict the abundance of the two bird species at a fine scale. Grazed sites were easily distinguishable from a site that had been ungrazed for >30 years based on the structure and composition of their vegetation communities. However, more detailed grazing categories could not be distinguished on the basis of vegetation characteristics. Despite the existence of grazing effects on vegetation structure and composition, we found no consistent differences in abundance of Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks between the grazed and ungrazed sites. However, there was weak evidence that the abundance of both species was higher at fine-scale plots (100 m radius point count station with less bare ground and taller vegetation. Bare ground cover was lower on grazed plots, but vegetation was taller on ungrazed plots. Combined, our results suggest that low intensity grazing leads to grassland habitat change with both negative and positive effects on Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks, resulting in no net change in their broad-scale abundance.

High Sierra Ecosystems: The Role of Fish Stocking in Amphibian Declines

Science.gov (United States)

Kathleen Matthews

2003-01-01

With a rich diversity of aquatic habitats, including deep lakes, shallow ponds, and rushing streams, Dusy Basinin Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks typifies the high Sierra ecosystem where mountain yellow-legged frogs usually thrive. Yet throughout the Sierra, aquatic ecologist Kathleen Matthews found entire water basins empty of these amphibians. Comprehensive...

Reconstrucción de la memoria Colectiva: Madres y Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo : Relatos del Futuro

OpenAIRE

Coria, Carla

2013-01-01

El Proyecto de Extensión Universitaria "Madres y Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo" fue realizado por el Taller de Producción Audiovisual I de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Su objetivo fue relevar y compilar relatos audiovisuales de las madres y abuelas víctimas del terrorismo de Estado en la Argentina para socializar sus experiencias de vida, fomentar la participación política y el compromiso de la comunidad universitaria. El present...

Estrategias de intervención para la escuela de padres y madres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ma. Carmen Ricoy Lorenzo

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Entendemos por Escuela de Padres y Madres una intervención social de carácter formativo, orientada a las familias, que se centra esencialmente en estrategias preventivas en cualquiera de sus modalidades (primaria, secundaria o terciaria. A pesar de que las Escuela de Padres y Madres pueden adoptar diversos enfoques psicológicos, recomendamos la búsqueda de propuestas holísticas e integradoras no reduccionista. Las diversas formas de intervención que se pueden combinar se han de caracterizar por los principios de comunicación, apertura y flexibilidad, amplitud y comprensión, pertinencia, coherencia, adecuación, continuidad y progresividad, individualización, así como el de refuerzo y generación de capacidades. Para su desarrollo, se plantean cuatro tipos de estrategias -diagnóstico, diseño y organización, desarrollo y evaluación- que conforman un todo congruente y coherente. Proponemos ejemplos concretos para cada una de esos tipos de estrategias

A Self-Assessment of the Effectiveness to Control Radiation Sources in Sierra Leone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bun-Tejan, Umaru Remilekun [KAIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Byung Soo [Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

There is an urgent need to effectively control sources of ionizing radiation. Sources of ionizing radiation pose serious occupational, public health, and environmental consequences, if not properly controlled. The government of Sierra Leone knows the importance of controlling these sources of ionizing radiation and of establishing an independent Nuclear Safety Infrastructure. Sierra Leone has no nuclear facilities but, it is rapidly developing its infrastructure in order to obtain nuclear technology. However, the regulatory effectiveness in controlling radiation risk is essential for the International Atomic Energy Agency to allow the transfer of nuclear technology. For this reason, this study will evaluate the status of the regulatory authority in Sierra Leone to control radiation risk. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) review mission to Sierra Leone found that the RPBA did not give sufficient enforcement powers to the Board Secretariat. The research evaluated the status of the regulatory authority of Sierra Leone. The status of the regulatory authority was evaluated against several parameters including management systems, regulatory processes, authorization, inspection, and enforcement. The ability to effectively control ionizing radiation sources depends on the status of the regulatory body. The Integrated Regulatory Review Service Report on Sierra Leone led us to infer that there is a need for the regulatory authority to rapidly improve its ability to control ionizing radiation sources in the country. The findings however, revealed that the overall strengths of the regulatory body in Sierra Leone slightly outnumber the weaknesses. Management systems have a ratio of 0.85:1 of strengths to weaknesses. This ratio makes management systems the weakest parameter evaluated. Thus there is need for stronger collaboration between management staff. The Regulatory processes have a ratio of 1.3:1, authorizations have a ratio of 4.3:1, inspections have ratio of 2

A Self-Assessment of the Effectiveness to Control Radiation Sources in Sierra Leone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bun-Tejan, Umaru Remilekun; Lee, Byung Soo

2016-01-01

There is an urgent need to effectively control sources of ionizing radiation. Sources of ionizing radiation pose serious occupational, public health, and environmental consequences, if not properly controlled. The government of Sierra Leone knows the importance of controlling these sources of ionizing radiation and of establishing an independent Nuclear Safety Infrastructure. Sierra Leone has no nuclear facilities but, it is rapidly developing its infrastructure in order to obtain nuclear technology. However, the regulatory effectiveness in controlling radiation risk is essential for the International Atomic Energy Agency to allow the transfer of nuclear technology. For this reason, this study will evaluate the status of the regulatory authority in Sierra Leone to control radiation risk. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) review mission to Sierra Leone found that the RPBA did not give sufficient enforcement powers to the Board Secretariat. The research evaluated the status of the regulatory authority of Sierra Leone. The status of the regulatory authority was evaluated against several parameters including management systems, regulatory processes, authorization, inspection, and enforcement. The ability to effectively control ionizing radiation sources depends on the status of the regulatory body. The Integrated Regulatory Review Service Report on Sierra Leone led us to infer that there is a need for the regulatory authority to rapidly improve its ability to control ionizing radiation sources in the country. The findings however, revealed that the overall strengths of the regulatory body in Sierra Leone slightly outnumber the weaknesses. Management systems have a ratio of 0.85:1 of strengths to weaknesses. This ratio makes management systems the weakest parameter evaluated. Thus there is need for stronger collaboration between management staff. The Regulatory processes have a ratio of 1.3:1, authorizations have a ratio of 4.3:1, inspections have ratio of 2

Good laboratory practices guarantee biosafety in the Sierra Leone-China friendship biosafety laboratory

OpenAIRE

Wang, Qin; Zhou, Wei-Min; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Huan-Yu; Du, Hai-Jun; Nie, Kai; Song, Jing-Dong; Xiao, Kang; Lei, Wen-Wen; Guo, Jian-Qiang; Wei, He-Jiang; Cai, Kun; Wang, Yan-Hai; Wu, Jiang; Kamara, Gerard

2016-01-01

Background The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa between 2014 and 2015 was the largest EDV epidemic since the identification of Ebola virus (EBOV) in 1976, and the countries most strongly affected were Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia. Findings The Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory (SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab), a fixed Biosafety Level 3 laboratory in the capital city of Sierra Leone, was established by the Chinese government and has been active in EBOV ...

Application of SPARROW modeling to understanding contaminant fate and transport from uplands to streams

Science.gov (United States)

Ator, Scott; Garcia, Ana Maria.

2016-01-01

Understanding spatial variability in contaminant fate and transport is critical to efficient regional water-quality restoration. An approach to capitalize on previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) models to improve the understanding of contaminant fate and transport was developed and applied to the case of nitrogen in the 166,000 km2 Chesapeake Bay watershed. A continuous function of four hydrogeologic, soil, and other landscape properties significant (α = 0.10) to nitrogen transport from uplands to streams was evaluated and compared among each of the more than 80,000 individual catchments (mean area, 2.1 km2) in the watershed. Budgets (including inputs, losses or net change in storage in uplands and stream corridors, and delivery to tidal waters) were also estimated for nitrogen applied to these catchments from selected upland sources. Most (81%) of such inputs are removed, retained, or otherwise processed in uplands rather than transported to surface waters. Combining SPARROW results with previous budget estimates suggests 55% of this processing is attributable to denitrification, 23% to crop or timber harvest, and 6% to volatilization. Remaining upland inputs represent a net annual increase in landscape storage in soils or biomass exceeding 10 kg per hectare in some areas. Such insights are important for planning watershed restoration and for improving future watershed models.

Song sparrows Melospiza melodia have a home-field advantage in defending against sympatric malarial parasites

Science.gov (United States)

Sarquis-Adamson, Yanina

2016-01-01

Hosts and parasites interact on both evolutionary and ecological timescales. The outcome of these interactions, specifically whether hosts are more resistant to their local parasites (sympatric) than to parasites from another location (allopatric), is likely to affect the spread of infectious disease and the fitness consequences of host dispersal. We conducted a cross-infection experiment to determine whether song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) have an advantage in dealing with sympatric parasites. We captured birds from two breeding sites 437 km apart, and inoculated them with avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) cultured either from their capture site or from the other site. Infection risk was lower for birds exposed to sympatric than to allopatric Plasmodium lineages, suggesting that song sparrows may have a home-field advantage in defending against local parasite strains. This pattern was more pronounced at one capture site than at the other, consistent with mosaic models of host–parasite interactions. Home-field advantage may arise from evolutionary processes, whereby host populations become adapted to their local parasites, and/or from ecological interactions, whereby host individuals develop resistance to the local parasites through previous immune exposure. Our findings suggest that greater susceptibility to novel parasites may represent a fitness consequence of natal dispersal. PMID:27853596

Sistemas dinámicos en la interacción emocional madre-hijo: primera fase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Castro Martínez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los avances en psicología de las emociones y psicología del desarrollo han exigido nuevos cambios tanto de orden teórico como metodológico para describir y explicar la variabilidad de las res-puestas infantiles a los cambios que tienen lugar en la dinámica socio-emocional con la madre. Producto de estas variaciones, aparece la integración de los sistemas dinámicos a las descrip- ciones de los teóricos del desarrollo emocional bajo supuestos psicobiológicos y sociobiológicos. Esta investigación indaga el posible uso de modelos de sistemas dinámicos en la generación de patrones de organización durante la interrelación socio- emocional madre-hijo, bajo cambios en los estados emocionales de la madre y bajo modificaciones debidas al desarrollo infantil. Los hallazgos de esta primera fase muestran algunas diferencias en las dinámicas socio-emocionales en cada uno de los estados emocionales maternos, al igual que regu- laridades en la variación por estado emocional. La investigación sugiere ampliar el marco teórico hacia modelos de componentes emocionales y modelos neurobiológicos, y la inclusión de modelos matemáticos de predicción y de análisis de series de tiempos.

Unstable Malaria Transmission in the Southern Peruvian Amazon and Its Association with Gold Mining, Madre de Dios, 2001–2012

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez, Juan F.; Carnero, Andres M.; Rivera, Esteban; Rosales, Luis A.; Baldeviano, G. Christian; Asencios, Jorge L.; Edgel, Kimberly A.; Vinetz, Joseph M.; Lescano, Andres G.

2017-01-01

The reemergence of malaria in the last decade in Madre de Dios, southern Peruvian Amazon basin, was accompanied by ecological, political, and socioeconomic changes related to the proliferation of illegal gold mining. We conducted a secondary analysis of passive malaria surveillance data reported by the health networks in Madre de Dios between 2001 and 2012. We calculated the number of cases of malaria by year, geographic location, intensity of illegal mining activities, and proximity of health facilities to the Peru–Brazil Interoceanic Highway. During 2001–2012, 203,773 febrile cases were identified in Madre de Dios, of which 30,811 (15.1%) were confirmed cases of malaria; all but 10 cases were due to Plasmodium vivax. Cases of malaria rose rapidly between 2004 and 2007, reached 4,469 cases in 2005, and then declined after 2010 to pre-2004 levels. Health facilities located in areas of intense illegal gold mining reported 30-fold more cases than those in non-mining areas (ratio = 31.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.28, 51.60). Finally, health facilities located > 1 km from the Interoceanic Highway reported significantly more cases than health facilities within this distance (ratio = 16.20, 95% CI = 8.25, 31.80). Transmission of malaria in Madre de Dios is unstable, geographically heterogeneous, and strongly associated with illegal gold mining. These findings highlight the importance of spatially oriented interventions to control malaria in Madre de Dios, as well as the need for research on malaria transmission in illegal gold mining camps. PMID:27879461

Historical explanation of the origin of the herpetofauna of Mexico Explicación histórica del origen de la herpetofauna de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Flores-Villela

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A hypothesis of historical area relationships for Mexico, Central, and South America was investigated by a cladistic biogographic analysis using 10 taxon cladograms of the herpetofauna of Mexico. A hypothesis is presented based on previous narrative biogeographic scenarios and compared with the general area cladograms (GACs obtained using reconciled trees of COMPONENT 2.0 and Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA. For tree reconciliation, 1 000 trees were saved after the analysis. BPA yielded 18 GACs (CI = 0.805, RI= 0.549. The GAC derived from tree reconciliation is more or less pectinate and has only 3 groups of 2 areas each. These groups consist of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts as sister areas on the one hand (DCHI, DSON, and the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental as sister areas on the other (SMOR, SMOC. This latter clade is sister to the Chihuahuan and Sonoran desert clade. The third group has the Transvolcanic Belt and Sierra Madre del Sur as sister areas (TVA, SMEX. The GAC obtained by BPA showed 4 main groups of areas: the first is comprised of the Pacific coast of Mexico and the Balsas Depression (PCBAL, the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMEX, and the Transvolcanic Belt (TVA; the second group includes the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOR, Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC, Sonoran (DSON and Chihuahuan deserts (DCHI; the third comprised the Highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala (CHIG, the Eastern Lowlands, on the Atlantic coast (ELL and the Semiarid Lands of Tamaulipas-Texas (TAMS; the fourth group contains the Western Lowlands, in the Pacific coast (WLL and northern South America (SA; the Talamanca Ridge (TALA is isolated at the base of the 3 first groups. The GAC from narrative biogeography contains 3 groups: the first has areas of northern Mexico (DSON, DCHI, TAMPS, the second has areas from central Mexico (PCBAL, SMOR, SMOC, TV A, and third has areas from southern Mexico and Central America (SMEX, CHIG, TALA, WLL, ELL, SA. In general, the GAC from the

Adopción del rol maternal de la teorista Ramona Mercer al cuidado de enfermería binomio madre-hijo: reporte de caso en la unidad materno infantil

OpenAIRE

Laura Alvarado; Luzmila Guarin; Wilson Cañon-Montañez

2011-01-01

Introducción: Esta propuesta se centra en el papel maternal, donde la madre constituye un proceso de interacción y desarrollo. Cuando la madre logra el apego de su hijo, adquiere experiencia en su cuidado y experimenta la alegría y la gratificación de su papel. Mercer abarca varios factores maternales: edad, estado de salud, relación padre-madre y características del lactante. Además define la forma en que la madre percibe los acontecimientos vividos que influirán al momento de llevar los cui...

Level-2 Milestone 6007: Sierra Early Delivery System Deployed to Secret Restricted Network

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bertsch, A. D. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2017-09-06

This report documents the delivery and installation of Shark, a CORAL Sierra early delivery system deployed on the LLNL SRD network. Early ASC program users have run codes on the machine in support of application porting for the final Sierra system which will be deployed at LLNL in CY2018. In addition to the SRD resource, Shark, unclassified resources, Rzmanta and Ray, have been deployed on the LLNL Restricted Zone and Collaboration Zone networks in support of application readiness for the Sierra platform.

Wildlife survey and monitoring in the Sky Island Region with an emphasis on neotropical felids

Science.gov (United States)

Sergio Avila-Villegas; Jessica Lamberton-Moreno

2013-01-01

The Sky Island region of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico consists of isolated mountain ranges separated by deserts and grasslands. It mixes elements from five major ecosystems: the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts and the Neotropics. Here some Neotropical species reach their northern ranges, such as jaguars...

Genetic diversity and conservation of Picea chihuahuana Martínez ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations is an essential component of sustainable forest management. Picea chihuahuana Martínez is an endemic conifer species in Mexico and is considered to be endangered. P. chihuahuana covers a total area of no more than 300 ha at the Sierra Madre Occidental, ...

Southern Sierra Nevada Continental Dynamics Project: 1993 field observations of the NPE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keller, G.R. [Univ. of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States); Malin, P.E. [Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States); Ruppert, S.D. [LLNL, Livermore, CA (United States)

1994-12-31

The Southern Sierra Nevada Continental Dynamics Project is a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional investigation of the cause of the uplift of the Sierra Nevada and its relationship to extension in the adjacent Basin and Range. A broad range of geologic and geophysical data have been collected as part of this project. These data include both passive and active seismic measurements, as well as gravity and magnetotelluric observations. Three seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles were recorded: (1) a 325-km-long, north-south profile extending from just east of Mono Lake south across the Garlock fault, (2) a 400-km-long, east-west profile extending from Death Valley west across the Sierra Nevada to near the San Andreas fault, and (3) a 480-km-long, east-west profile deployed for the NPE. This profile extended from Beatty, Nevada, west across the Sierra Nevada along the previously recorded east-west profile and continued nearly to the Pacific Ocean. Up to 675 seismic recorders were deployed for each profile. These data are allowing us to develop refined models of the crustal and upper mantle structure of the southern Sierra Nevada and to evaluate alternative hypotheses for its uplift and for Basin and Range extension. They also provide insight into the propagation of regional phases across complex structures.

Aspen Delineation - Sierra State Parks [ds380

Data.gov (United States)

California Natural Resource Agency — The database represents delineations of aspen stands associated with stand assessment data (SIERRA_SP_PTS) collected in aspen stands on lands administered by the...

Primero Madres: Love and Mothering in the Educational Lives of Latina/os

Science.gov (United States)

Velazquez, Mirelsie

2017-01-01

This article examines the historical and contemporary role of Latina madres in the educational lives of their children and communities. Latinas, in their work as mother-activists, have played critical roles in the schooling lives of their children, seeking educational equality for their communities in general, amidst the growing racial politics…

Analysing population numbers of the house sparrow in the Netherlands with a matrix model and suggestions for conservation measures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Klok, C.; Holtkamp, R.; Apeldoorn, van R.C.; Visser, M.E.; Hemerik, L.

2006-01-01

The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), formerly a common bird species, has shown a rapid decline in Western Europe over recent decades. In The Netherlands, its decline is apparent from 1990 onwards. Many causes for this decline have been suggested that all decrease the vital rates, i.e. survival and

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research publishes papers in all fields of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences including Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Dental Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biotechnology in relation to Medicine, ...

Scaling up family planning in Sierra Leone: A prospective cost-benefit analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Keen, Sarah; Begum, Hashina; Friedman, Howard S; James, Chris D

2017-12-01

Family planning is commonly regarded as a highly cost-effective health intervention with wider social and economic benefits. Yet use of family planning services in Sierra Leone is currently low and 25.0% of married women have an unmet need for contraception. This study aims to estimate the costs and benefits of scaling up family planning in Sierra Leone. Using the OneHealth Tool, two scenarios of scaling up family planning coverage to currently married women in Sierra Leone over 2013-2035 were assessed and compared to a 'no-change' counterfactual. Our costing included direct costs of drugs, supplies and personnel time, programme costs and a share of health facility overhead costs. To monetise the benefits, we projected the cost savings of the government providing five essential social services - primary education, child immunisation, malaria prevention, maternal health services and improved drinking water - in the scale-up scenarios compared to the counterfactual. The total population, estimated at 6.1 million in 2013, is projected to reach 8.3 million by 2035 in the high scenario compared to a counterfactual of 9.6 million. We estimate that by 2035, there will be 1400 fewer maternal deaths and 700 fewer infant deaths in the high scenario compared to the counterfactual. Our modelling suggests that total costs of the family planning programme in Sierra Leone will increase from US$4.2 million in 2013 to US$10.6 million a year by 2035 in the high scenario. For every dollar spent on family planning, Sierra Leone is estimated to save US$2.10 in expenditure on the five selected social sector services over the period. There is a strong investment case for scaling up family planning services in Sierra Leone. The ambitious scale-up scenarios have historical precedent in other sub-Saharan African countries, but the extent to which they will be achieved depends on a commitment from both the government and donors to strengthening Sierra Leone's health system post-Ebola.

Madres para la Salud: design of a theory-based intervention for postpartum Latinas.

Science.gov (United States)

Keller, Colleen; Records, Kathie; Ainsworth, Barbara; Belyea, Michael; Permana, Paska; Coonrod, Dean; Vega-López, Sonia; Nagle-Williams, Allison

2011-05-01

Weight gain in young women suggests that childbearing may be an important contributor to the development of obesity in women. Depressive symptoms can interfere with resumption of normal activity levels following childbirth or with the initiation of or adherence to physical activity programs essential for losing pregnancy weight. Depression symptoms may function directly to promote weight gain through a physiologic mechanism. Obesity and its related insulin resistance may contribute to depressed mood physiologically. Although physical activity has well-established beneficial effects on weight management and depression, women tend to under participate in physical activity during childbearing years. Further, the mechanisms underpinning the interplay of overweight, obesity, physical activity, depression, and inflammatory processes are not clearly explained. This report describes the theoretical rationale, design considerations, and cultural relevance for "Madres para la Salud" [Mothers for Health]. Madres para la Salud is a 12 month prospective, randomized controlled trial exploring the effectiveness of a culturally specific intervention using "bouts" of physical activity to effect changes in body fat, systemic and fat tissue inflammation, and postpartum depression symptoms in sedentary postpartum Latinas. The significance and innovation of Madres para la Salud includes use of a theory-driven approach to intervention, specification and cultural relevance of a social support intervention, use of a Promotora model to incorporate cultural approaches, use of objective measures of physical activity in post partum Latinas women, and the examination of biomarkers indicative of cardiovascular risk related to physical activity behaviors in postpartum Latinas. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acidic volcanic rock and its potential as an objective for uranium prospecting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez Torres, R.; Yza Dominguez, R.; Chavez Aguirre, R.; Constantino, H.E.S.E.

1976-01-01

The geographical distribution of recent Mexican volcanic rocks is continuous; the older formations are dispersed in isolated outcrops. Continental volcanic events, acidic and basal, took place in the Caenozoic, Mesozoic and Palaeozoic; basic submarine volcanism predominated in the Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and late Precambrian. Access to the Sierra Madre Occidental, a circum-Pacific mountain range covered by rhyolitic rocks, is limited, which restricts the sections studied. Calderas, sources of volcanic emission and preliminary litho-stratigraphic sections have been delimited on the eastern edge of the range. Subduction by the ocean magmatized the continent from the Permian onwards, extravasating and depositing cyclically various magmata through inverted and normal cortical throws. The Sierra Pena Blanca (Chihuahua) section consists of epiclastic and pyroclastic rocks. A calcareous conglomerate is overburdened by alternate basal tuffs and imbricates, forming five units. In the uraniferous district of the Sierra Pena Blanca the hydrothermal alteration argillitized both components of the ''Nopal'' formation. Primary minerals (pitchblende) are found together with silicification. Leaching favours secondary mineralization (uranium silicates) associated with opals. After extrapolation of the features, the following are considered worth-while objectives: the faces, offsets and prolongations of the Sierra Madre Occidental and the southern volcanic mesetas south of the Mexican Transcontinental Rift. Similar objectives of Mesozoic or Palaeozoic age exist in central and southern Mexico. Possible objectives for uranium are: the acidic volcanic rock of the southern and south-western United States of America, the circum-Pacific acidic volcanic rocks of North America and the acidic volcanic mesetas of Central America and in the Andes. (author)

Rock Sparrow Song Reflects Male Age and Reproductive Success

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nemeth, Erwin; Kempenaers, Bart; Matessi, Giuliano

2012-01-01

The evolution of mating signals is closely linked to sexual selection. Acoustic ornaments are often used as secondary sexual traits that signal the quality of the signaller. Here we show that song performance reflects age and reproductive success in the rock sparrow (Petronia petronia...... nests. Older males could be distinguished from yearlings by singing at lower rate and higher amplitudes. Our findings suggest that song rate may be used as a signal of age and together with song pitch as a signal of reproductive success in this species. Alternatively, younger and less successful males...... success. Males with higher breeding success sang at a lower rate and with a higher maximum frequency. We found also that older males gained more extra-pair young and had a higher overall breeding success, although they also differed almost significantly by having a higher loss of paternity in their own...

Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un call center operado por madres cabeza de familia

OpenAIRE

Estrada Ocampo, Carolina Maria; Quintero, Alexander

2013-01-01

El "Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un Call Center operado por Madres Cabeza de Familia", analiza las oportunidades tecnológicas, legales y económicas que existen actualmente para el desarrollo de este tipo de soluciones, con la característica de proponer una empresa de tipo social (como las propuestas por Muhammad Yunus en Empresas para todos), en la que la operación sea desarrollada por Madres Cabeza de Familia, uno de los grupos más vulnerables en la actual población de P...

Status of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Reyna A. Castillo-Gamez; Rafael Arenas-Wong; Luis Castillo-Quijada; Verónica Coronado-Peraza; Abigail Enríquez-Munguia; Mirna Federico-Ortega; Alejandra García-Urrutia; Alba Lozano-Gámez; Romeo Méndez-Estrella; Laura Ochoa-Figueroa; J. R. Romo-León; Guy Kruse-Llergo; Iván Parra-Salazar

2005-01-01

Prairie dog is a keystone species throughout the habitat where it occurs, but its populations have declined about 98% in the last century. This species has been considered of international importance for the United States of America, Canada, and Mexico. Only two populations are recorded for Mexico, and the westernmost (isolated by Sierra Madre...

Vegetation-environment relations of the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas

Science.gov (United States)

Helen M. Poulos; Ann E. Camp

2005-01-01

The Sky Island Archipelagos of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental contain a unique array of endemic flora and fauna. Plant species composition in these elevationally restricted forests is thought to vary in relation to environmental gradients. This study quantifies plant population abundance and spatial distribution patterns in pine-oak woodlands of Big Bend...

Cytogeography of Larrea tridentata at the Chihuahuan-Sonoran Desert ecotone

Science.gov (United States)

Robert G. Laport; Robert L.. Minckley

2013-01-01

The long separation of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts is reflected in the high species richness and endemism of their floras. Although many endemic species from both deserts reach their distributional limits where the Sierra Madre Occidental massif fragments into smaller mountain complexes in northern Mexico and adjoining areas of the United States, indicator...

El encuentro creativo de las madres en su vínculo con la escuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GRACIELA COLOMBO

1991-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio presentado fue realizado en un barrio marginal de Buenos Aires (Argentina de nombre Villa Soldati. Tras un proceso de investigación participativa, se visualiza la existencia de tres tipos de familias dentro del sector marginal: aquéllas cuyas necesidades básicas no están cubiertas, las que se caracterizan por tenerlas relativamente cubiertas y aquéllas que hacen frente a alguna situación crítica. Cada tipo de familia es analizada considerando las concepciones de género prevalecientes, las definiciones que elabora la escuela acerca de la familia, la aceptación de los representantes de la escuela, y el estilo de intermediación de la madre en su vínculo con la escuela. Las conclusiones muestran que la implementación de prácticas alternativas de género en una familia se relaciona con la aceptación o rechazo por parte de las madres de las definiciones que elabora la escuela acerca de lo que es una "buena" o "mala" familia. Aquellas madres que implementan prácticas alternativas de género elaboran sus propias definiciones, que pueden coincidir o no con las de la escuela. Su participación está relacionada con la posibilidad que tienen de verbalizar o no sus propias definiciones o las críticas hacia la escuela.

The Current Status of the Distribution Range of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Curculionidae: Solytinae) in Northern Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Valerio-Mendoza, O; Armendáriz-Toledano, F; Cuéllar-Rodríguez, G; Negrón, José F; Zúñiga, G

2017-09-01

The distribution range of the western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is supported only by scattered records in the northern parts of Mexico, suggesting that its populations may be marginal and rare in this region. In this study, we review the geographical distribution of D. brevicomis in northern Mexico and perform a geometric morphometric analysis of seminal rod shape to evaluate its reliability for identifying this species with respect to other members of the Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex. Our results provide 30 new records, with 26 distributed in the Sierra Madre Occidental and 4 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. These records extend the known distribution range of D. brevicomis to Durango and Tamaulipas states in northern Mexico. Furthermore, we find high geographic variation in size and shape of the seminal rod, with conspicous differences among individuals from different geographical regions, namely west and east of the Great Basin and between mountain systems in Mexico. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.

Development of skin structure and cutaneous water loss in nestling desert house sparrows from Saudi Arabia.

Science.gov (United States)

Groff, Brandon; Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí; Yamaguchi, Mamoru; Williams, Joseph B

2007-06-01

The outer layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (SC), contains lipids and corneocytes, which together form layers that limit cutaneous water loss (CWL). We examined the development of structure of the SC and CWL in nestling House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Saudi Arabia. We measured CWL of nestlings, and characterized development of their epidermis using electron microscopy. We tested two antagonistic hypotheses, that CWL decreases as nestlings age, a response to increased thickness of SC, and an opposite idea that CWL increases as nestlings age even though the number of layers of the SC remains constant. CWL of nestling House Sparrows varied with developmental stages, in a non-linear fashion, but not significantly so. CWL of nestlings averaged 7.31+/-1.5 g H(2)O/(m(2) h), whereas for adults it was 4.95 g/(m(2) h); adult CWL was 67.7% that of nestlings. We found that morphology of the SC did not change linearly with age, but seemed to vary with developmental stage. CWL decreased as the SC thickness increased and as the total thickness of the corneocytes increased. Further, we found that CWL decreased as the thickness of the extracellular space increased, number of corneocytes increased, and proportion of the SC that is extracellular space increased.

Stratigraphy and Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history of northern Sierra Los Ajos and adjacent areas, Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Page, William R.; Gray, Floyd; Iriondo, Alexander; Miggins, Daniel P.; Blodgett, Robert B.; Maldonado, Florian; Miller, Robert J.

2010-01-01

Geologic mapping in the northern Sierra Los Ajos reveals new stratigraphic and structural data relevant to deciphering the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the range. The northern Sierra Los Ajos is cored by Proterozoic, Cambrian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata, equivalent respectively to the Pinal Schist, Bolsa Quartzite and Abrigo Limestone, Martin Formation, Escabrosa Limestone, and Horquilla Limestone. The Proterozoic–Paleozoic sequence is mantled by Upper Cretaceous rocks partly equivalent to the Fort Crittenden and Salero Formations in Arizona, and the Cabullona Group in Sonora, Mexico.Absence of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group below the Upper Cretaceous rocks and above the Proterozoic–Paleozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos was part of the Cananea high, a topographic highland during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Deposition of Upper Cretaceous rocks directly on Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos area had subsided as part of the Laramide Cabullona basin during Late Cretaceous time. Basal beds of the Upper Cretaceous sequence are clast-supported conglomerate composed locally of basement (Paleozoic) clasts. The conglomerate represents erosion of Paleozoic basement in the Sierra Los Ajos area coincident with development of the Cabullona basin.The present-day Sierra Los Ajos reaches elevations of greater than 2600 m, and was uplifted during Tertiary basin-and-range extension. Upper Cretaceous rocks are exposed at higher elevations in the northern Sierra Los Ajos and represent an uplifted part of the inverted Cabullona basin. Tertiary uplift of the Sierra Los Ajos was largely accommodated by vertical movement along the north-to-northwest-striking Sierra Los Ajos fault zone flanking the west side of the range. This fault zone structurally controls the configuration of the headwaters of the San Pedro River basin, an important bi-national water resource in the US

Conocimientos y prácticas de lactancia materna en madres adolescentes que asisten al Centro de Salud de Bagua.

OpenAIRE

Bautista-Hualpa, Yeny Rita; Díaz-Rivadeneira, Insolina Raquel

2017-01-01

La lactancia materna como única e irremplazable para cubrir las necesidades alimentarias del niño, es un derecho humano fundamental que debe ser promovido durante los primeros seis meses de vida. Objetivos: determinar el nivel de conocimientos y prácticas en lactancia materna de las madres adolescentes que asisten al Centro de Salud Bagua. Material y métodos: La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, de diseño transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 88 madres adolescentes con niños menor...

Nest predation, clutch size, and physiological costs of egg production in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

OpenAIRE

Travers, Marc Simon

2009-01-01

We examined the effects of nest predation on both clutch size and the physiological cost of egg production using a clutch removal experiment in free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), inducing “high nest predation” (HNP) females to produce many replacement clutches compared to “low nest predation” (LNP) females. In a preliminary analysis we investigated the utility of multiple measures to assess “physiological condition”, including inter-correlations between physiological traits, sex d...

Visión indígena de la madre

OpenAIRE

Trillos Amaya, María

1992-01-01

En un principio fue Abukabusankua, la MADRE UNIVERSAL. Ella existe desde antes de la llegada de los hermanitos menores. Abukabusankua tuvo muchos hijos y pobló estas tierras. Sus hijos se fueron diseminando como la mata de ahuyama: su estirpe se regó sobre nuestro universo. Con el paso del tiempo fundaron muchos pueblos. Cada uno de ellos tenía una forma distinta de mirar el mundo y sus concepciones sobre la vida, el hombre, la mujer y la naturaleza eran diversas. Cada grupo fue libre para cr...

Importancia de la donación de células madre en pacientes con anemia de Fanconi

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Martín, Lucía

2014-01-01

La importancia de la donación tanto de médula ósea como de sangre del cordón umbilical se debe a que contiene unas células denominadas células madre. Estas células pueden ser de dos tipos: embrionarias, que se obtienen de la sangre del cordón umbilical, y maduras, que se pueden obtener de la médula ósea y de sangre periférica. La capacidad que tienen estas células y las hace tan especiales es que pueden dividirse formando nuevas células madre, o formar otras células más especializa...

Biogeography and diversity of pines in the Madrean Archipelago

Science.gov (United States)

George M. Ferguson; Aaron D. Flesch; Thomas R. Van Devender

2013-01-01

Pines are important dominants in pine-oak, pine and mixed-conifer forests across the Colorado Plateau, southern Rocky Mountains, Sierra Madre Occidental, and in the intervening Sky Islands of the United States-Mexico borderlands. All 17 native species of pines in the Sky Islands region or their adjacent mountain mainlands reach the northern or southern margins of their...

Running Parallel Discrete Event Simulators on Sierra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barnes, P. D. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Jefferson, D. R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2015-12-03

In this proposal we consider porting the ROSS/Charm++ simulator and the discrete event models that run under its control so that they run on the Sierra architecture and make efficient use of the Volta GPUs.

Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Tahoe-Martis, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra study units, 2006-2007--California GAMA Priority Basin Project

Science.gov (United States)

Fram, Miranda S.; Belitz, Kenneth

2012-01-01

Groundwater quality in the Tahoe-Martis, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra study units was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The three study units are located in the Sierra Nevada region of California in parts of Nevada, Placer, El Dorado, Madera, Tulare, and Kern Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board, in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The project was designed to provide statistically robust assessments of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems used for drinking water. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, primary aquifers) for each study unit are defined by the depth of the screened or open intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of wells used for municipal and community drinking-water supply. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifers; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface. The assessments for the Tahoe-Martis, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra study units were based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 132 wells in the three study units during 2006 and 2007 and water-quality data reported in the CDPH database. Two types of assessments were made: (1) status, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) understanding, identification of the natural and human factors affecting groundwater quality. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. Relative-concentrations (sample concentrations divided by benchmark concentrations) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those

Environmental values and risk: A review of Sierra Club policies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craig, P.P.

1999-01-01

Sierra Club values are driven by an overriding environmental ethic. Sierra Club environmental values may be characterized by the concept of 'usufruct' a term favored by United States Founding Father Thomas Jefferson. Usufruct conveys the idea that the environment is ours to use, but not to destroy. Each generation has the obligation to pass on to future generations a world at least as environmentally rich as the one it inherited. It is appropriate to accept risk today in order to preserve the environment for generations yet to come. As viewed through the lens of its formal policies, the Sierra Club is an organization that embraces technology, but insists that technology be evaluated comprehensively, taking full account of both environmental and social externalities. The Club is 'risk averse' with respect to early introduction of technologies seen as likely to have significant negative environmental or social impact. The Club places heavy emphasis on process, which must involve the public meaningfully

Environmental values and risk: A review of Sierra Club policies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Craig, P.P. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Graduate Group in Ecology

1999-12-01

Sierra Club values are driven by an overriding environmental ethic. Sierra Club environmental values may be characterized by the concept of 'usufruct' a term favored by United States Founding Father Thomas Jefferson. Usufruct conveys the idea that the environment is ours to use, but not to destroy. Each generation has the obligation to pass on to future generations a world at least as environmentally rich as the one it inherited. It is appropriate to accept risk today in order to preserve the environment for generations yet to come. As viewed through the lens of its formal policies, the Sierra Club is an organization that embraces technology, but insists that technology be evaluated comprehensively, taking full account of both environmental and social externalities. The Club is 'risk averse' with respect to early introduction of technologies seen as likely to have significant negative environmental or social impact. The Club places heavy emphasis on process, which must involve the public meaningfully.

Elevated mercury concentrations in humans of Madre de Dios, Peru.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katy Ashe

Full Text Available The enormous increase in practically unregulated mining in Madre de Dios Peru is leading to massive release of liquid elemental mercury to the environment. Rapidly increasing global prices for gold are causing a massive upsurge in artisanal mining in the Peruvian Amazon, considered to be one of the most biodiverse places on the planet. This study identifies the current levels of mercury in the human population, through identifying levels of total mercury in human hair in mining zones of Madre de Dios Department and in the nearby city of Puerto Maldonado. A regression analysis reveals that fish consumption, gender, and location of residence were significant indicators of mercury levels; while duration of residence and age had no significant relationship to mercury levels. Increased fish consumption levels were the strongest indicators of increased total mercury levels across the entire population. The levels of total mercury in hair was significantly (α = 0.05 higher in mining zones, than Puerto Maldonado. In both areas men had significantly higher levels than women, likely due to a difference in metabolism or varying levels of direct involvement in gold mining- a male predominated industry. This is the first study to show the health threat that mercury poses to this region, however further research needs to be done to gain a more refined understanding of the predominant routes of exposure in this population.

Elevated mercury concentrations in humans of Madre de Dios, Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashe, Katy

2012-01-01

The enormous increase in practically unregulated mining in Madre de Dios Peru is leading to massive release of liquid elemental mercury to the environment. Rapidly increasing global prices for gold are causing a massive upsurge in artisanal mining in the Peruvian Amazon, considered to be one of the most biodiverse places on the planet. This study identifies the current levels of mercury in the human population, through identifying levels of total mercury in human hair in mining zones of Madre de Dios Department and in the nearby city of Puerto Maldonado. A regression analysis reveals that fish consumption, gender, and location of residence were significant indicators of mercury levels; while duration of residence and age had no significant relationship to mercury levels. Increased fish consumption levels were the strongest indicators of increased total mercury levels across the entire population. The levels of total mercury in hair was significantly (α = 0.05) higher in mining zones, than Puerto Maldonado. In both areas men had significantly higher levels than women, likely due to a difference in metabolism or varying levels of direct involvement in gold mining- a male predominated industry. This is the first study to show the health threat that mercury poses to this region, however further research needs to be done to gain a more refined understanding of the predominant routes of exposure in this population.

Transmisión de síndrome de Down de madre a hijo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harry Pachajoa

2014-09-01

Se reporta el caso de un recién nacido prematuro con síndrome de Down, hijo de madre con el mismo diagnóstico, producto de un embarazo resultado de violación, evento que debe ser prevenido de forma oportuna en esta población de alto riesgo.

South African Ebola diagnostic response in Sierra Leone: A modular high biosafety field laboratory.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janusz T Paweska

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In August 2014, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD in South Africa established a modular high-biosafety field Ebola diagnostic laboratory (SA FEDL near Freetown, Sierra Leone in response to the rapidly increasing number of Ebola virus disease (EVD cases.The SA FEDL operated in the Western Area of Sierra Leone, which remained a "hotspot" of the EVD epidemic for months. The FEDL was the only diagnostic capacity available to respond to the overwhelming demand for rapid EVD laboratory diagnosis for several weeks in the initial stages of the EVD crisis in the capital of Sierra Leone. Furthermore, the NICD set out to establish local capacity amongst Sierra Leonean nationals in all aspects of the FEDL functions from the outset. This led to the successful hand-over of the FEDL to the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation in March 2015. Between 25 August 2014 and 22 June 2016, the laboratory tested 11,250 specimens mostly from the Western Urban and Western Rural regions of Sierra Leone, of which 2,379 (21.14% tested positive for Ebola virus RNA.The bio-safety standards and the portability of the SA FEDL, offered a cost-effective and practical alternative for the rapid deployment of a field-operated high biocontainment facility. The SA FEDL teams demonstrated that it is highly beneficial to train the national staff in the course of formidable disease outbreak and accomplished their full integration into all operational and diagnostic aspects of the laboratory. This initiative contributed to the international efforts in bringing the EVD outbreak under control in Sierra Leone, as well as capacitating local African scientists and technologists to respond to diagnostic needs that might be required in future outbreaks of highly contagious pathogens.

South African Ebola diagnostic response in Sierra Leone: A modular high biosafety field laboratory.

Science.gov (United States)

Paweska, Janusz T; Jansen van Vuren, Petrus; Meier, Gunther H; le Roux, Chantel; Conteh, Ousman S; Kemp, Alan; Fourie, Cardia; Naidoo, Prabha; Naicker, Serisha; Ohaebosim, Phumza; Storm, Nadia; Hellferscee, Orienka; Ming Sun, Lisa K; Mogodi, Busisiwe; Prabdial-Sing, Nishi; du Plessis, Desiree; Greyling, Deidre; Loubser, Shayne; Goosen, Mark; McCulloch, Stewart D; Scott, Terence P; Moerdyk, Alexandra; Dlamini, Wesley; Konneh, Kelfala; Kamara, Idrissa L; Sowa, Dauda; Sorie, Samuel; Kargbo, Brima; Madhi, Shabir A

2017-06-01

In August 2014, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa established a modular high-biosafety field Ebola diagnostic laboratory (SA FEDL) near Freetown, Sierra Leone in response to the rapidly increasing number of Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases. The SA FEDL operated in the Western Area of Sierra Leone, which remained a "hotspot" of the EVD epidemic for months. The FEDL was the only diagnostic capacity available to respond to the overwhelming demand for rapid EVD laboratory diagnosis for several weeks in the initial stages of the EVD crisis in the capital of Sierra Leone. Furthermore, the NICD set out to establish local capacity amongst Sierra Leonean nationals in all aspects of the FEDL functions from the outset. This led to the successful hand-over of the FEDL to the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation in March 2015. Between 25 August 2014 and 22 June 2016, the laboratory tested 11,250 specimens mostly from the Western Urban and Western Rural regions of Sierra Leone, of which 2,379 (21.14%) tested positive for Ebola virus RNA. The bio-safety standards and the portability of the SA FEDL, offered a cost-effective and practical alternative for the rapid deployment of a field-operated high biocontainment facility. The SA FEDL teams demonstrated that it is highly beneficial to train the national staff in the course of formidable disease outbreak and accomplished their full integration into all operational and diagnostic aspects of the laboratory. This initiative contributed to the international efforts in bringing the EVD outbreak under control in Sierra Leone, as well as capacitating local African scientists and technologists to respond to diagnostic needs that might be required in future outbreaks of highly contagious pathogens.

Cutaneous water loss and sphingolipids in the stratum corneum of house sparrows, Passer domesticus L., from desert and mesic environments as determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure photospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí; Ro, Jennifer; Brown, Johnie C; Williams, Joseph B

2008-02-01

Because cutaneous water loss (CWL) represents half of total water loss in birds, selection to reduce CWL may be strong in desert birds. We previously found that CWL of house sparrows from a desert population was about 25% lower than that of individuals from a mesic environment. The stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis, serves as the primary barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. The avian SC is formed by layers of corneocytes embedded in a lipid matrix consisting of cholesterol, free fatty acids and two classes of sphingolipids, ceramides and cerebrosides. The SC of birds also serves a thermoregulatory function; high rates of CWL keep body temperatures under lethal limits in episodes of heat stress. In this study, we used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/APPI-MS) to identify and quantify over 200 sphingolipids in the SC of house sparrows from desert and mesic populations. Principal components analysis (PCA) led to the hypotheses that sphingolipids in the SC of desert sparrows have longer carbon chains in the fatty acid moiety and are more polar than those found in mesic sparrows. We also tested the association between principal components and CWL in both populations. Our study suggested that a reduction in CWL found in desert sparrows was, in part, the result of modifications in chain length and polarity of the sphingolipids, changes that apparently determine the interactions of the lipid molecules within the SC.

SIERRA/Aero Theory Manual Version 4.44

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-04-01

SIERRA/Aero is a two and three dimensional, node-centered, edge-based finite volume code that approximates the compressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. It is applicable to inviscid and high Reynolds number laminar and turbulent flows. Currently, two classes of turbulence models are provided: Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and hybrid methods such as Detached Eddy Simulation (DES). Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models are currently under development. The gas may be modeled either as ideal, or as a non-equilibrium, chemically reacting mixture of ideal gases. This document describes the mathematical models contained in the code, as well as certain implementation details. First, the governing equations are presented, followed by a description of the spatial discretization. Next, the time discretization is described, and finally the boundary conditions. Throughout the document, SIERRA/ Aero is referred to simply as Aero for brevity.

SIERRA/Aero Theory Manual Version 4.46.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-09-01

SIERRA/Aero is a two and three dimensional, node-centered, edge-based finite volume code that approximates the compressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. It is applicable to inviscid and high Reynolds number laminar and turbulent flows. Currently, two classes of turbulence models are provided: Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and hybrid methods such as Detached Eddy Simulation (DES). Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models are currently under development. The gas may be modeled either as ideal, or as a non-equilibrium, chemically reacting mixture of ideal gases. This document describes the mathematical models contained in the code, as well as certain implementation details. First, the governing equations are presented, followed by a description of the spatial discretization. Next, the time discretization is described, and finally the boundary conditions. Throughout the document, SIERRA/ Aero is referred to simply as Aero for brevity.

Actitudes de madres y padres de familia hacia la educación inicial: un estudio en zonas urbanas y rurales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Ames

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se enfoca en las actitudes de los padres y madres de familia hacia la educación inicial en cuatro distritos del Perú. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa que combina entrevistas individuales y grupales y se contrastan estos hallazgos con información estadística más amplia de matrícula, disponibilidad y acceso al servicio. Se encuentra que a la par de una expansión creciente y sostenida de la educación inicial en el país, se ha desarrollado una actitud altamente positiva hacia ella en padres y madres de familia, tanto urbanos, como rurales; también se reportan posturas críticas, especialmente en madres indígenas, y se señalan las barreras que continúan presentes en el acceso a una educación inicial de calidad y con equidad para diversos grupos de la población peruana.

Distribución actual y potencial del jaguar (Panthera onca en Oaxaca, México Present and potential distribution of the jaguar (Panthera onca in Oaxaca, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Briones-Salas

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En Oaxaca son escasos los registros que se conocen del jaguar (Panthera onca, por lo que en este trabajo se actualiza su distribución geográfica y genera un modelo de distribución potencial de la especie en el estado. Se revisaron literatura y bases de datos de colecciones científicas nacionales y extranjeras y se realizó trabajo de campo. Se obtuvieron 31 registros; de éstos, el 83.87% son del trabajo de campo y el 16.13% de la literatura y colecciones científicas. Los registros pertenecen a la clase I de veracidad; son principalmente cráneos y pieles (48.39%, huellas y excrementos (25.81%, en su mayoría de las regiones de la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (53.33% y de la Sierra Madre del Sur de Oaxaca y Chiapas (13.33%, en los municipios de Santiago Camotlán y Santa María Chimalapa, respectivamente. El 30% de estos registros proviene de bosque mesófilo de montaña. Las áreas comunales protegidas resultan una excelente estrategia de conservación, ya que dentro o cerca a ellas se encontró la mayor parte de los registros. El mapa de distribución potencial muestra 5 grandes regiones con alta probabilidad de presencia de la especie.There are only a few records for the jaguar (Panthera onca in Oaxaca, hence it is considered to be a state with scarce knowledge on the species. This study presents an update regarding the geographic distribution of the species and generates a potential distribution model for the jaguar in the state. Data bases from national and international scientific collections and literature were reviewed and fieldwork was carried out. We obtained 31 records; 83.87% from fieldwork and 16.13% from literature and scientific collections. The selected records have a veracity class I, and they consist mainly in skulls and skins (48.39%, and footprints and scats (25.81%. Most of the records were located in the regions of Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (53.33% and Sierra Madre del Sur de Oaxaca y Chiapas (13.33%, in the municipalities of

PROBLEMS IN THE ADMISSION TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE LOWER SIERRA DE SONORA, CASE: UNIVERSITY OF SIERRA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Ángel Vásquez-Navarro

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to clarify the issues and find solutions to align somewhat academic models of institutions of higher average level and above found in the central highlands of the state of Sonora, as are the University of Sierra, and the CBTA 53 and confront the culture of the people of the importance of young people studying a degree in that region.The above educational institutions are located in the geographical catchment area and education, in fact, in the same population, in the northeastern state of Sonora. The mountains of Sonora had always intended to have a school of higher education. To justify the town of Montezuma as a geographically strategic point, and thanks to the efforts made by the governor in turn was as the University of Sierra opens its doors to students on the mountain in August 2002.For the analysis of the functioning of an educational institution in the rural sector, should take into account a wide range of factors, however, this work will be key to analyze the dislocation and inconsistency of educational models from an institution of higher average level in relationship to another level, which serve as a unique educational opportunities for the people of Sonora and surrounding Montezuma. In addition, the cultural aspect, which reflects a regional behavior of the inhabitants of the region. La Sierra University is located in the mountainous region of the state of Sonora, in the town of Montezuma, with a catchment area of more than 30 municipalities in this area, which lacked a college until recently time.

Epigenetic Variation May Compensate for Decreased Genetic Variation with Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows (Passer domesticus on Two Continents

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Aaron W. Schrey

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Epigenetic mechanisms impact several phenotypic traits and may be important for ecology and evolution. The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus exhibits extensive phenotypic variation among and within populations. We screened methylation in populations from Kenya and Florida to determine if methylation varied among populations, varied with introduction history (Kenyan invasion <50 years old, Florida invasion ~150 years old, and could potentially compensate for decrease genetic variation with introductions. While recent literature has speculated on the importance of epigenetic effects for biological invasions, this is the first such study among wild vertebrates. Methylation was more frequent in Nairobi, and outlier loci suggest that populations may be differentiated. Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction. Our results suggest that methylation differences may be common among house sparrows, but research is needed to discern whether methylation impacts phenotypic variation.

Edad y nivel educativo asociados al conocimiento sobre signos de alarma para infecciones respiratorias en madres adolescentes

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Regina Domínguez Anaya

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La identificación de señales de alarma durante la Infección Respiratoria Aguda (IRA, es fundamental para disminuir el impacto de la enfermedad y la mortalidad asociada. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la relación entre la edad y el nivel educativo al conocimiento sobre signos de alarma de IRA, en madres adolescentes. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, con una muestra aleatoria de 120 madres adolescentes adscritas a una fundación privada de la ciudad de Cartagena, a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de Prácticas Claves sobre IRA propuesto por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Resultados: El promedio de edad de las participantes fue 17 ± 1.3 años. Se encontró que ser mayor de 17 años aumenta la probabilidad de reconocer por lo menos tres signos alarma [OR: 2.8 (IC 95%: 1.3 - 6.1]. Asimismo, las adolescentes con un mayor nivel de escolaridad tienen más probabilidad de reconocer tres signos de alarma para la enfermedad [OR: 3.2 (IC 95%: 1.5 - 6.9], que aquellas con menor nivel educativo. Discusión y Conclusiones: Determinantes personales como una mayor edad y escolaridad impactan de forma positiva en los conocimientos de las madres sobre los signos de alarma de IRA. Es importante el fortalecimiento de los programas de educación en salud para el cuidado de los niños entre esta población. Cómo citar este artículo: Domínguez R, Tapia E, Hernández J, Castillo IY. Edad y nivel educativo asociados al conocimiento sobre signos de alarma para infecciones respiratorias en madres adolescentes. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(2: 1628-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i2.395

La influencia de las diferencias entre el padre y la madre sobre el ajuste adolescente

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Antonia Jiménez-Iglesias

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo se centra en analizar cómo influyen en el consumo de sustancias (tabaco, alcohol y cannabis y el bienestar psicológico adolescente (calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y satisfacción vital las diferencias entre el padre y la madre en afecto, promoción de la autonomía, revelación, interés y conocimiento. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10170 chicos y chicas españoles de 13 a 18 años de familias biparentales que participaron en la edición 2006 del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes que indicaron que su padre y madre coincidían en presentar altos niveles en las dimensiones familiares analizadas consumieron menos sustancias y tuvieron mejor bienestar psicológico. Por el contrario, el ajuste de los adolescentes cuyos progenitores (padre y madre tenían bajos niveles en esas dimensiones familiares fue peor. Concretamente, la dimensión más importante para el consumo de sustancias fue el conocimiento parental y para el bienestar psicológico lo fue el afecto parental; la revelación adolescente solo fue relevante para el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de vida, mientras que la promoción parental de la autonomía lo fue para la calidad de vida.

MadR1, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell cycle stress response protein that is a member of a widely conserved protein class of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and archeal origin.

Science.gov (United States)

Crew, Rebecca; Ramirez, Melissa V; England, Kathleen; Slayden, Richard A

2015-05-01

Stress-induced molecular programs designed to stall division progression are nearly ubiquitous in bacteria, with one well-known example being the participation of the SulA septum inhibiting protein in the SOS DNA damage repair response. Mycobacteria similarly demonstrate stress-altered growth kinetics, however no such regulators have been found in these organisms. We therefore set out to identify SulA-like regulatory proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A bioinformatics modeling-based approach led to the identification of rv2216 as encoding for a protein with weak similarity to SulA, further analysis distinguished this protein as belonging to a group of uncharacterized growth promoting proteins. We have named the mycobacterial protein encoded by rv2216 morphology altering division regulator protein 1, MadR1. Overexpression of madR1 modulated cell length while maintaining growth kinetics similar to wild-type, and increased the proportion of bent or V-form cells in the population. The presence of MadR1-GFP at regions of cellular elongation (poles) and morphological differentiation (V-form) suggests MadR1 involvement in phenotypic heterogeneity and longitudinal cellular growth. Global transcriptional analysis indicated that MadR1 functionality is linked to lipid editing programs required for growth and persistence. This is the first report to differentiate the larger class of these conserved proteins from SulA proteins and characterizes MadR1 effects on the mycobacterial cell. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elaboración del duelo de una madre cuyo hijo trabajaba como sicario en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosalía Delgado Durán

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es parte de una investigación cualitativa sobre el proceso de ela - boración de duelo de la madre de un sicario en el contexto de una terapia Gestalt. Se utilizó para su análisis la perspectiva de las etapas del duelo de Kübler-Ross (2006:59- 119. La exacerbación de la violencia generada en buena medida por pugnas entre gru - pos del crimen organizado en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (Martínez, 2008, ha dado como resultado una gran cantidad de muertes, una de ellas es el caso que nos ocupa. Si bien uno de los objetivos iniciales de la investigación era documentar y analizar las etapas en el desarrollo del duelo de una madre a partir del fallecimiento de su hijo, este se replanteó durante el transcurso de la misma, ya que una de las características del duelo de esta madre es que inició justo cuando se enteró del trabajo que él realizaba.

Gender identification of Grasshopper Sparrows comparing behavioral, morphological, and molecular techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Ammer, F.K.; Wood, P.B.; McPherson, R.J.

2008-01-01

Correct gender identification in monomorphic species is often difficult especially if males and females do not display obvious behavioral and breeding differences. We compared gender specific morphology and behavior with recently developed DNA techniques for gender identification in the monomorphic Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Gender was ascertained with DNA in 213 individuals using the 2550F/2718R primer set and 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. Field observations using behavior and breeding characteristics to identify gender matched DNA analyses with 100% accuracy for adult males and females. Gender was identified with DNA for all captured juveniles that did not display gender specific traits or behaviors in the field. The molecular techniques used offered a high level of accuracy and may be useful in studies of dispersal mechanisms and winter assemblage composition in monomorphic species.

Intervención educativa sobre la atención a niños de madres adolescentes: Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Guanabacoa, 2002-2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa María Alonso Uría

Full Text Available El embarazo en la adolescencia constituye un problema de salud por su inmadurez en la esfera reproductiva y en la atención al niño. Se realizó una intervención educativa a 253 madres adolescentes en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa durante el período 2002-2008 para identificar conocimientos y preparación de las madres adolescentes para la atención de sus hijos y diseñar un programa educativo a través técnicas de exploración cualitativa, diseñándose el programa educativo aplicado durante los tres primeros años de vida de sus hijos. El contenido del programa se basó en: cuidados generales del neonato, lactancia materna, crecimiento y desarrollo, nutrición, accidentes, inmunizaciones, incorporación estudio y/o trabajo. Las madres adolescentes presentaron bajos niveles de conocimiento y falta de habilidades en el cuidado de sus hijos. La aplicación del programa educativo contribuyó a la transformación en estilos de vida más saludables de la madre adolescente y una mejor atención de sus hijos.

NECESIDADES DE ORIENTACIÓN DE PADRES Y MADRES DE ESTUDIANTES DE COLEGIOS ACADÉMICOS DIURNOS DE LA DIRECCIÓN REGIONAL SAN JOSÉ NORTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roxana Chinchilla Jiménez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este documento emerge de un estudio realizado en el año 2013 y permitió identificar las necesidades de Orientación derivadas del contacto con madres y padres de familia, según las personas profesionales en Orientación. La investigación fue desarrollada desde un paradigma cuantitativo y es de tipo descriptivo y la recopilación de la información se realizó mediante un cuestionario constituido por 15 preguntas abiertas. Algunos de los principales resultados evidencian que las madres y padres desean satisfacer las necesidades básicas de sus hijos e hijas, así como brindarles apoyo en sus estudios, pero no lo logran por situaciones como la pobreza, la falta de empleo y la violencia doméstica. Los Orientadores y las Orientadoras declaran que las madres y los padres necesitan formación en lo referente a reglas claras, manejo de límites y consecuencias. Es necesario que las instituciones educativas promuevan una cultura de acercamiento entre madres y padres con el proceso educativo del estudiantado, con el afán de favorecer el éxito escolar de sus hijos e hijas.

Método madre canguro manejo ambulatorio del prematuro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar Rey Sanabria

1986-07-01

Full Text Available En el Instituto Materno Infantil (lMI, donde se atienden aproximadamente 21.000 partos cada año, hay un índice de prematuros entre e114% y eI17%. Anteriormente los prematuros eran tratados de acuerdo con las normas convencionales. La alta mortalidad, que ocurría en ese entonces, obligó al IMI a cambiar esas normas y se obtuvieron los más positivos resultados, que sobrepasan los índices de las naciones más avanzadas. La alimentación natural se inicia, ofrecida directamente par la madre, en el servicio mismo. Sin consideración del peso del pequeño, y con base únicamente en su estado clínico, el niño va con su madre para que ella lo caliente, estimule y alimente, tanto orgánica como afectivamente, en su casa. Se hacen con troles domiciliarios especiales, y además se dan conferencias educativas como parte básica del programa. En dos años de experiencia se ha demostrado: la absoluta desaparición de enfermedades como la enterocolitis necrosante, y de diarreas, sepsis y entidades bacterianas del aparato respiratorio. Igualmente hay una baja significativa del índice de abandono y de los costos hospitalarios (cama, medicación, leches especiales, papillas, etc.. Se estableció estadísticamente que la supervivencia para niños con peso inferior a 1.000 gr. pas6 de 0% a 72.3%; para niños entre 1.001 gr. y 1.500 gr. subió de 27.3% a 89.04% y para niños entre 1.501 gr. y 2.000 gr. subi6 de 81.5% a 94%.

Células Madre: Fuentes no embriónicas accesibles

OpenAIRE

Madriz de Haan, Pedro

2010-01-01

En los últimos años se ha variado en gran manera el tipo de enfoque que se le dio en algún momento a las células madre; estas han pasado de ser sólo una posibilidad lejana de tratamiento a convertirse en una alternativa real para el manejo de varias patologías dentro de las cuales destacan las de índole autoinmune. La obtención de las mismas no debe ser motivo de controversia en nuestro país ya que por métodos que no involucran embriones humanos es posible colectarlas de dos fuentes particula...

Evaluating the stress response as a bioindicator of sub-lethal effects of crude oil exposure in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine R Lattin

Full Text Available Petroleum can disrupt endocrine function in humans and wildlife, and interacts in particularly complex ways with the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA axis, responsible for the release of the stress hormones corticosterone and cortisol (hereafter CORT. Ingested petroleum can act in an additive fashion with other stressors to cause increased mortality, but it is not clear exactly why--does petroleum disrupt feedback mechanisms, stress hormone production, or both? This laboratory study aimed to quantify the effects of ingested Gulf of Mexico crude oil on the physiological stress response of house sparrows (Passer domesticus. We examined baseline and stress-induced CORT, negative feedback, and adrenal sensitivity in house sparrows given a 1% oil or control diet (n = 12 in each group. We found that four weeks on a 1% oil diet did not alter baseline CORT titers or efficacy of negative feedback, but significantly reduced sparrows' ability to secrete CORT in response to a standardized stressor and adrenocorticotropin hormone injection, suggesting that oil damages the steroid-synthesizing cells of the adrenal. In another group of animals on the same 1% oil (n = 9 or control diets (n = 8, we examined concentrations of eight different blood chemistry parameters, and CORT in feathers grown before and during the feeding experiments as other potential biomarkers of oil exposure. None of the blood chemistry parameters differed between birds on the oil and control diets after two or four weeks of feeding, nor did feather CORT differ between the two groups. Overall, this study suggests that the response of CORT to stressors, but not baseline HPA function, may be a particularly sensitive bioindicator of sub-lethal chronic effects of crude oil exposure.

Evaluating the stress response as a bioindicator of sub-lethal effects of crude oil exposure in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

Science.gov (United States)

Lattin, Christine R; Ngai, Heather M; Romero, L Michael

2014-01-01

Petroleum can disrupt endocrine function in humans and wildlife, and interacts in particularly complex ways with the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, responsible for the release of the stress hormones corticosterone and cortisol (hereafter CORT). Ingested petroleum can act in an additive fashion with other stressors to cause increased mortality, but it is not clear exactly why--does petroleum disrupt feedback mechanisms, stress hormone production, or both? This laboratory study aimed to quantify the effects of ingested Gulf of Mexico crude oil on the physiological stress response of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We examined baseline and stress-induced CORT, negative feedback, and adrenal sensitivity in house sparrows given a 1% oil or control diet (n = 12 in each group). We found that four weeks on a 1% oil diet did not alter baseline CORT titers or efficacy of negative feedback, but significantly reduced sparrows' ability to secrete CORT in response to a standardized stressor and adrenocorticotropin hormone injection, suggesting that oil damages the steroid-synthesizing cells of the adrenal. In another group of animals on the same 1% oil (n = 9) or control diets (n = 8), we examined concentrations of eight different blood chemistry parameters, and CORT in feathers grown before and during the feeding experiments as other potential biomarkers of oil exposure. None of the blood chemistry parameters differed between birds on the oil and control diets after two or four weeks of feeding, nor did feather CORT differ between the two groups. Overall, this study suggests that the response of CORT to stressors, but not baseline HPA function, may be a particularly sensitive bioindicator of sub-lethal chronic effects of crude oil exposure.

Niche tracking and rapid establishment of distributional equilibrium in the house sparrow show potential responsiveness of species to climate change.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William B Monahan

Full Text Available The ability of species to respond to novel future climates is determined in part by their physiological capacity to tolerate climate change and the degree to which they have reached and continue to maintain distributional equilibrium with the environment. While broad-scale correlative climatic measurements of a species' niche are often described as estimating the fundamental niche, it is unclear how well these occupied portions actually approximate the fundamental niche per se, versus the fundamental niche that exists in environmental space, and what fitness values bounding the niche are necessary to maintain distributional equilibrium. Here, we investigate these questions by comparing physiological and correlative estimates of the thermal niche in the introduced North American house sparrow (Passer domesticus. Our results indicate that occupied portions of the fundamental niche derived from temperature correlations closely approximate the centroid of the existing fundamental niche calculated on a fitness threshold of 50% population mortality. Using these niche measures, a 75-year time series analysis (1930-2004 further shows that: (i existing fundamental and occupied niche centroids did not undergo directional change, (ii interannual changes in the two niche centroids were correlated, (iii temperatures in North America moved through niche space in a net centripetal fashion, and consequently, (iv most areas throughout the range of the house sparrow tracked the existing fundamental niche centroid with respect to at least one temperature gradient. Following introduction to a new continent, the house sparrow rapidly tracked its thermal niche and established continent-wide distributional equilibrium with respect to major temperature gradients. These dynamics were mediated in large part by the species' broad thermal physiological tolerances, high dispersal potential, competitive advantage in human-dominated landscapes, and climatically induced

77 FR 49789 - Record of Decision for Issuing a Presidential Permit to Energia Sierra Juarez U.S. Transmission...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-17

... Energia Sierra Juarez U.S. Transmission, LLC, for the Energia Sierra Juarez U.S. Transmission Line Project...: Record of Decision (ROD). SUMMARY: DOE announces its decision to issue a Presidential permit to Energia... analyzed in the Environmental Impact Statement for the Energia Sierra Juarez U.S. Transmission Line Project...

SIERRA/Aero User Manual Version 4.44

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-04-01

SIERRA/Aero is a compressible fluid dynamics program intended to solve a wide variety compressible fluid flows including transonic and hypersonic problems. This document describes the commands for assembling a fluid model for analysis with this module, henceforth referred to simply as Aero for brevity. Aero is an application developed using the SIERRA Toolkit (STK). The intent of STK is to provide a set of tools for handling common tasks that programmers encounter when developing a code for numerical simulation. For example, components of STK provide field allocation and management, and parallel input/output of field and mesh data. These services also allow the development of coupled mechanics analysis software for a massively parallel computing environment. In the definitions of the commands that follow, the term Real_Max denotes the largest floating point value that can be represented on a given computer. Int_Max is the largest such integer value.

SIERRA/Aero User Manual Version 4.46.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-09-01

SIERRA/Aero is a compressible fluid dynamics program intended to solve a wide variety compressible fluid flows including transonic and hypersonic problems. This document describes the commands for assembling a fluid model for analysis with this module, henceforth referred to simply as Aero for brevity. Aero is an application developed using the SIERRA Toolkit (STK). The intent of STK is to provide a set of tools for handling common tasks that programmers encounter when developing a code for numerical simulation. For example, components of STK provide field allocation and management, and parallel input/output of field and mesh data. These services also allow the development of coupled mechanics analysis software for a massively parallel computing environment. In the definitions of the commands that follow, the term Real_Max denotes the largest floating point value that can be represented on a given computer. Int_Max is the largest such integer value.

Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano en madres de la provincia de Valencia (España)

OpenAIRE

Navarro Illana, Pedro; Caballero Pérez, Pablo; Tuells Hernández, José; Puig Barberá, Joan; Díez-Domingo, Javier

2015-01-01

Introducción: La Comunidad Valenciana inició en octubre del 2008 el programa de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en niñas de 14 años. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los conocimientos sobre la infección por VPH y su vacuna en madres de adolescentes e identificar los factores asociados a la predisposición de vacunar a sus hijas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal mediante cuestionario dirigido a madres de alumnas nacidas en 1995 matriculadas en cen...

Madres 'desincrustadas'. El uso de Internet y la compra de juguetes en la maternidad del nuevo milenio en La Plata, Argentina

OpenAIRE

Castilla, Mar??a Victoria

2008-01-01

El objetivo del texto es analizar las formas en que se reflejan los cambios sociales vinculados con la modernidad "tard??a" en las experiencias de las madres, tomando como caso a la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina. Para ello, se realizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad a madres de dos generacionales (1970 y 2000) de nivel socioecon??mico medio. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, se menciona la persistencia de un modelo tradicional de distribuci??n de los roles, con rasgos de crianza modernos ...

Células madre adultas en la terapia de enfermedades de la retina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa María Pérez Guerrero

2014-11-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años se han publicado algunos artículos que plantean las posibilidades que puede aportar el uso de la terapia celular para el tratamiento de ciertas retinopatías. El presente trabajo pretende comunicar la factibilidad y seguridad de la implantación de células madre en pacientes con degeneraciones de retina, como la retinosis pigmentaria y la degeneración macular seca relacionada con la edad, a partir de un estudio preliminar, realizado en pacientes atendidos en la consulta de oftalmología del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de La Serna”, en la provincia de Las Tunas, Cuba. Los mismos fueron tratados con implantación de células madre adultas autólogas, procedentes de la médula ósea, y movilizadas a la sangre periférica mediante el factor estimulador de colonias de granulocitos. Se hizo aplicación local por las vías retrobulbar y peribulbar en ambos ojos, e intravitrea solo en el ojo más afectado. El resto de las células obtenidas se inyectó por vía endovenosa. Se trataron 30 pacientes en ambos ojos en el periodo de marzo a agosto del presente año. Las variables analizadas fueron: agudeza visual y complicaciones del método de implante. Se pudo comprobar que la mejoría visual en ellos fue en el ojo del triple implante, aplicación intravitrea. En ningún caso hubo reacciones adversas generales y se presentaron complicaciones locales en dos casos, debido a uveítis anterior ligera en un ojo, después del implante de células madre, con resolución a las 72 horas con colirios esteroideos. El estudio evidenció la seguridad del método aplicado y los resultados obtenidos son alentadores, pues crean nuevas perspectivas que pueden contribuir significativamente al tratamiento de estas retinopatías

Assessment of Anemia Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors among Pregnant Women in Sierra Leone

Science.gov (United States)

M'Cormack, Fredanna A. D.; Drolet, Judy C.

2012-01-01

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia prevalence of pregnant Sierra Leone women currently is reported to be 59.7%. Anemia is considered to be a direct cause of 3-7% of maternal deaths and an indirect cause of 20-40% of maternal deaths. This study explores knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of urban pregnant Sierra Leone women regarding anemia.…

Fumarole/plume and diffuse CO2 emission from Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos archipelago

Science.gov (United States)

Padron, E.; Hernandez Perez, P. A.; Perez, N.; Theofilos, T.; Melian, G.; Barrancos, J.; Virgil, G.; Sumino, H.; Notsu, K.

2009-12-01

The active shield-volcano Sierra Negra is part of the Galapagos hotspot. Sierra Negra is the largest shield volcano of Isabela Island, hosting a 10 km diameter caldera. Ten historic eruptions have occurred and some involved a frequently visited east caldera rim fissure zone called Volcan Chico. The last volcanic event occurred in October 2005 and lasted for about a week, covering approximately twenty percent of the eastern caldera floor. Sierra Negra volcano has experienced some significant changes in the chemical composition of its volcanic gas discharges after the 2005 eruption. This volcanic event produced an important SO2 degassing that depleted the magmatic content of this gas. Not significant changes in the MORB and plume-type helium contribution were observed after the 2005 eruption, with a 65.5 % of MORB and 35.5 % of plume contribution. In 2006 a visible and diffuse gas emission study was performed at the summit of Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, to evaluate degassing rate from this volcanic system. Diffuse degassing at Sierra Negra was mainly confined in three different DDS: Volcan Chico, the southern inner margin of the caldera, and Mina Azufral. These areas showed also visible degassing, which indicates highly fractured areas where volcano-hydrothermal fluids migrate towards surface. A total fumarole/plume SO2 emission of 11 ± 2 td-1 was calculated by mini-DOAS ground-based measurements at Mina Azufral fumarolic area. Molar ratios of major volcanic gas components were also measured in-situ at Mina Azufral with a portable multisensor. The results showed H2S/SO2, CO2/SO2 and H2O/SO2 molar ratios of 0.41, 52.2 and 867.9, respectively. Multiplying the observed SO2 emission rate times the observed (gas)i/SO2 mass ratio we have estimated other volatiles emission rates. The results showed that H2O, CO2 and H2S emission rates from Sierra Negra are 562, 394, and 2.4 t d-1, respectively. The estimated total output of diffuse CO2 emission from the summit of

76 FR 44535 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Northern Sierra Air Quality Management...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-26

... the California State Implementation Plan, Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, and South Coast Air Quality Management District AGENCY... the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District (NSAQMD), Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality...

76 FR 44493 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Northern Sierra Air Quality Management...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-26

... California State Implementation Plan, Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, and South Coast Air Quality Management District AGENCY... approve revisions to the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District (NSAQMD), Sacramento Metropolitan...

Un altare per la madre: la lamentazione letteraria di Ferdinando Camon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesco Della Costa

2016-05-01

Full Text Available In una prospettiva antropologica, che considera la scrittura letteraria come una pratica culturale, questo articolo intende mostrare un’analogia funzionale tra rito e romanzo. In particolare, esso analizza la corrispondenza tra la lamentazione funebre, come è stata osservata negli anni Cinquanta dall’antropologo E. De Martino in alcune aree dell’Italia meridionale, e il romanzo di Ferdinando Camon, Un altare per la madre(Premio Strega del 1978. La scrittura è considerata qui come una reazione culturale alla “crisi del cordoglio” che la morte della madre attiva nel sé dello scrittore; nel contesto culturale di Camon, la letteratura assume lo stesso significato che, nel contesto folklorico meridionale studiato da De Martino, la lamentazione assumeva per le donne in lutto. Entrambe le pratiche, anche se molto diverse in sé, operano una “destorificazione” del tempo e una metaforizzazione della realtà: hanno il potere, così, di trasformare la tragedia individuale della morte in un dramma (col doppio significato di evento doloroso e rappresentazione universale, quindi di neturalizzarla e risolverla. In an anthropological perspective, which considers literature as a cultural practice, this article aims to show the functional analogy between ritual and novel. In particular, it analyzes the correspondences between the mourning lamentation ritual, as it has been observed in the 1950s by the anthropologist E. De Martino within some rural areas of Southern Italy, and F. Camon’s novel, Un altare per la madre (Premio Strega 1978. Writing is considered as a reaction to the «crisi del cordoglio» (the mourning crisis the death of his mother causes in the writer’s self; within Camon’s cultural context, literature assumes the same meaning which, in the southern folkloric context, lamentation assumed for mourning women. Both the practices, even though they are very different, operate a «destorificazione» (destorification of time and

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research Original Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

A publication of the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone ... disability associated with venomous snakebites result in lasting .... 1Mean ± Standard Error. 95% Confidence Limit. Community. Self. Reported.

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research Case Study

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Zackary Suleiman

A publication of the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone ... Case Study ... Peri-operative management of patients with significant cardio-respiratory disease ... contribute to patient safety by preventing any.

Relación entre nivel académico y metas de socialización en madres de niños preescolares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Mario Jaramillo Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se analizó cómo el nivel académico de madres de niños en edad preescolar se relaciona con sus metas de socialización. Utilizando una metodología mixta se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 172 madres de niños entre 3 y 4 años y medio de edad que viven en Bogotá y varios municipios de la zona cundiboyacense. Las entrevistas fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido de tipo categorial para calcular la frecuencia con que se mencionaron distintas metas de socialización y examinar si hubo una relación significativa entre el nivel de formación académica de las madres y su preferencia por metas de socialización asociadas a la independencia o la interdependencia. Los resultados indican que a mayor nivel académico, mayor es el énfasis en metas de socialización asociadas a la independencia.

The Sierra de Cabral range: a restraining bend related to the Sierra Ballena shear zone in Dom Feliciano belt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masquelin, H.

2010-01-01

Restraining and releasing bends occurring in all crustal environments are common but enigmatic features of strike-slip fault systems. They can be reported in all scales of observation. Regional-scale restraining bends are sites of mountain building, transpressional deformation and basement exhumation. Releasing bends are sites of subsidence, transtensional deformation and pull-apart basins. The Dom Feliciano Belt of Southern Uruguay has two main structures observed from the outer space: (i) the Sierra Ballena Shear Zone and (ii) the Sierra de Cabral flexure located to the SW of the former. Although a transpressional regime is commonly accepted for the Dom Feliciano Belt, the available tectonic models do not provide satisfactory explanations for its building mechanism. A restraining bend is proposed at the SW termination of Sierra Ballena strike-slip ductile shear zone. In a key-area (Alvariza Range) the relationship between the Zanja del Tigre volcanic-detritic and the calcareous succession shows three en-échelon upright bends of the same quartzite hanging-wall between two sub-vertical strike-slip faults, suggesting the existence of a shortened strike-slip duplex operating in viscous-elastic rheology. The deformation partitioning includes strike-slip and dip-slip simple-shear components as well as one contractional pure-shear component. Because restraining bends were scarcely described in Neoproterozoic low-grade regional exhumation conditions, this structural framework would be a natural laboratory to study fault kinematics, fault dynamics, their associated deformation and the tectonic and erosion constraints related to the exhumation of many crystalline terrains

Biocompatibilidad de Células Madres Mesenquimales de Tejido Gingival Humano en Cultivoconun Andamiaje de Polímero Sintético de Ácido Poliláctico (OPLA)

OpenAIRE

Brizuela Cordero, Claudia; Saint Jean, Nicole; Inostroza Silva, Carolina

2014-01-01

La ingeniería tisular se plantea como tratamiento ideal para la regeneración de tejidos con la utilización de andamiajes, células madres y factores de crecimiento. Las células madres de origen gingival plantean ventajas de obtención, mientras que el OPLA 3D permite cultivos de alta densidad celular. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la biocompatibilidad de células madres de origen gingival en OPLA. Las células se obtuvieron de tejido gingival y fueron caracterizadas fenotípica y f...

La burocratización del trabajo social de las madres comunitarias en Colombia a partir de su formalización laboral en el año 2014

OpenAIRE

Palacios Mahecha, Juan Nicolás

2015-01-01

El interés de esta investigación es analizar las implicaciones de la formalización de las Madres Comunitarias en el desarrollo e implementación del programa de Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar del ICBF. Se analiza y se explica cómo La formalización de las Madres Comunitarias hace que el programa de Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar sufra un proceso de burocratización en dos vías donde se privilegian por un lado la tecnificación y profesionalización de las madres comunitarias y por otro el ma...

Long-lived Control of Sierras Pampeanas Ranges on Andean Foreland Basin Evolution Revealed by Coupled Low-temperature Thermochronology and Sedimentology

Science.gov (United States)

Stevens Goddard, A.; Carrapa, B.; Larrovere, M.; Aciar, R. H.

2017-12-01

The Sierras Pampeanas ranges of west-central Argentina (28º- 31ºS) are a classic example of thick-skinned style basement block uplifts. The style and timing of uplift in these mountain ranges has widely been attributed to the onset of flat-slab subduction in the middle to late Miocene. However, the majority of low-temperature thermochronometers in the Sierras Pampeanas have much older cooling dates. Thermal modeling derived from new low-temperature thermochronometers in Sierra de Velasco, one of the highest relief (> 4 km) mountains in the Sierras Pampeanas, suggest that the rocks in these ranges have been at near-surface temperatures (history of long-lived topography illustrated in Sierra de Velasco can be expanded to other ranges in the Sierras Pampeanas by integrating multiple data sets.

Structure of Sierra Blanca (Alpujarride Complex, west of the Betic Cordillera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andreo, B.

1995-04-01

Full Text Available Sierra Blanca, situated in the SW of Málaga, forms part of the Blanca unit, belonging to the Alpujarride Complex of the Betic Cordillera. Its lithologic sequences are made up of a group of migmatites, gneisses and schists and an upper formation of marbles (white dolomitic and the bottom and blue calcareous towards the top, linked with a transitional contact. The structure of Sierra Blanca is comprised of folds, generally isoclinal, with reversed limbs and with important tectonic transpositions, the direction of which is approximately E-W in the eastern area and N-S and E-W in the West. In both areas the folds present opposing vergences, consistently towards the interior of the sierra. The origin of these structures is explained with a model of westerly movements of the Blanca unit, in relation to the Los Reales unit, with the formation of frontal and lateral folds. In its advancement, the western part of Sierra Blanca underwent an important anti-clockwise rotation responsible for the co-existence of folds in N-S and E-W directions. These structures occurred under ductile conditions, owing to the presence of important overthrusting peridotitic masses of the Los Reales unit. This model of westerly displacement is inserted in the process undergone by the Betic-Rif Internal Zones (with Blanca and Los Reales units included which occurred at the end of the Oligocene-Early Miocene when the Gibraltar arch began to be formed.Sierra Blanca, situada al SW de Málaga, forma parte de la unidad de Blanca que pertenece al complejo Alpujárride de la Cordillera Bética. Su secuencia litológica está compuesta por un conjunto inferior de migmatitas, gneises y esquistos, y por una formación superior de mármoles, blancos dolomíticos en la base y mármoles calizos azules hacia la parte superior, entre los que existe un tránsito gradual. La estructura de Sierra Blanca está formada por pliegues, generalmente isoclinales, con flancos invertidos que muestran

Presencia del tinamú canelo (Crypturellus cinnamomeus en dos áreas naturales protegidas del centro de Nuevo León, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Alberto Borré González

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Reportamos la presencia de dos individuos de Crypturellus cinnamomeus y proporcionamos evidencia fotográfica de dichos registros en el Monumento Natural Cerro de la Silla y Sierra “Cerro de la Silla”; áreas naturales protegidas de competencia federal y estatal respectivamente que forman parte del corredor biológico de la Sierra Madre Oriental para especies neotropicales. La importancia de la información que proporcionamos aquí sobre los registros realizados el 27 de mayo y 5 de julio de 2011 radica en que constituyen una ampliación en la distribución de esta especie sujeta a protección especial (Pr según la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, y a que se registra por primera vez en ambas vertientes del macizo montañoso Sierra de la Silla.

Sierra Madre Yellow-legged Frog Range - CWHR [ds613

Data.gov (United States)

California Natural Resource Agency — Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for...

Mercury on national wildlife refuges as a threat to long-term viability of saltmarsh and Nelson’s sparrows in the face of climate induced sea level rise

Data.gov (United States)

Department of the Interior — Nelson’s and saltmarsh sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni and A. caudacutus) have recently been recognized as separate species, and because of their limited distributions...

Transient fuel rod behavior prediction with RODEX-3/SIERRA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Billaux, M R; Shann, S H; Swam, L.F. Van [Siemens Power Corp., Richland, WA (United States)

1997-08-01

This paper discusses some aspects of the fuel performance code SIERRA (SIEmens Rod Response Analysis). SIERRA, the latest version of the code RODEX-3, has been developed to improve the fuel performance prediction capabilities of the code, both at high burnup and during transient reactor conditions. The paper emphasizes the importance of the mechanical models of the cracked pellet and of the cladding, in the prediction of the transient response of the fuel rod to power changes. These models are discussed in detail. Other aspects of the modelling of high burnup effects are also presented, in particular the modelling of the rim effect and the way it affects the fuel temperature. (author). 12 refs, 5 figs.

Transient fuel rod behavior prediction with RODEX-3/SIERRA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billaux, M.R.; Shann, S.H.; Swam, L.F. Van

1997-01-01

This paper discusses some aspects of the fuel performance code SIERRA (SIEmens Rod Response Analysis). SIERRA, the latest version of the code RODEX-3, has been developed to improve the fuel performance prediction capabilities of the code, both at high burnup and during transient reactor conditions. The paper emphasizes the importance of the mechanical models of the cracked pellet and of the cladding, in the prediction of the transient response of the fuel rod to power changes. These models are discussed in detail. Other aspects of the modelling of high burnup effects are also presented, in particular the modelling of the rim effect and the way it affects the fuel temperature. (author). 12 refs, 5 figs

Sierra/SM theory manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crane, Nathan Karl

2013-07-01

Presented in this document are the theoretical aspects of capabilities contained in the Sierra/SM code. This manuscript serves as an ideal starting point for understanding the theoretical foundations of the code. For a comprehensive study of these capabilities, the reader is encouraged to explore the many references to scientific articles and textbooks contained in this manual. It is important to point out that some capabilities are still in development and may not be presented in this document. Further updates to this manuscript will be made as these capabilites come closer to production level.

Increasing elevation of fire in the Sierra Nevada and implications for forest change

Science.gov (United States)

Mark W. Schwartz; Nathalie Butt; Christopher R. Dolanc; Andrew Holguin; Max A. Moritz; Malcolm P. North; Hugh D. Safford; Nathan L. Stephenson; James H. Thorne; Phillip J. van Mantgem

2015-01-01

Fire in high-elevation forest ecosystems can have severe impacts on forest structure, function and biodiversity. Using a 105-year data set, we found increasing elevation extent of fires in the Sierra Nevada, and pose five hypotheses to explain this pattern. Beyond the recognized pattern of increasing fire frequency in the Sierra Nevada since the late 20th century, we...

Landsat-Derived Estimates of Mangrove Extents in the Sierra Leone Coastal Landscape Complex during 1990-2016.

Science.gov (United States)

Mondal, Pinki; Trzaska, Sylwia; de Sherbinin, Alex

2017-12-21

This study provides the first assessment of decadal changes in mangrove extents in Sierra Leone. While significant advances have been made in mangrove mapping using remote sensing, no study has documented long-term changes in mangrove extents in Sierra Leone-one of the most vulnerable countries in West Africa. Such understanding is critical for devising regional management strategies that can support local livelihoods. We utilize multi-date Landsat data and cloud computational techniques to quantify spatiotemporal changes in land cover, with focus on mangrove ecosystems, for 1990-2016 along the coast of Sierra Leone. We specifically focus on four estuaries-Scarcies, Sierra Leone, Yawri Bay, and Sherbro. We relied on the k-means approach for an unsupervised classification, and validated the classified map from 2016 using ground truth data collected from Sentinel-2 and high-resolution images and during field research (accuracy: 95%). Our findings indicate that the Scarcies river estuary witnessed the greatest mangrove loss since 1990 (45%), while the Sierra Leone river estuary experienced mangrove gain over the last 26 years (22%). Overall, the Sierra Leone coast lost 25% of its mangroves between 1990 and 2016, with the lowest coverage in 2000, during the period of civil war (1991-2002). However, natural mangrove dynamics, as supported by field observations, indicate the potential for regeneration and sustainability under carefully constructed management strategies.

Necromass in forests of Madre de Dios, Peru: a comparison between terra firme and lowland forests

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Araujo-Murakami

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Stocks of dead wood or necromass represent an important portion of biomass and nutrients in tropical forests. The objectives of this study were: 1 to evaluate and compare the necromass of “terra firme” and lowlands forests, (2 to study the relationship between necromass, above-ground biomass and wood density, and (3 to estimate the necromass of the department of Madre de Dios, Peru. Stocks of necromass and above-ground biomass were estimated at three different locations using permanent plots and line intercept transects. The average volume of necromass for the three sites was 72.9 m3 ha-1 with an average weight varying between 24.8 and 30.7 Mg ha-1, depending on the estimations of dead wood density used for the calculations. Terra firme forests had significantly higher stocks of necromass than lowland forests. The amount of necromass was 11% of the total above-ground biomass in Madre de Dios forests. The total stock of carbon stored in dead wood for the entire department of Madre de Dios was estimated to be approximately 100 mega tonnes of carbon. This is ten times more than the annual fossil fuel emissions of Peru between 2000 and 2008. The substantial stocks of necromass emphasize the importance of these types of field studies, considering that this component of tropical forest carbon cannot be detected using other methods such as satellite remote sensing.

Caracterización fenotípica, productiva y reproductiva de la cabra blanca Criolla del “Filo Mayor” de la Sierra Madre del Sur en el estado de Guerrero

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Darío Martínez Rojero

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de hacer una caracterización fenotípica y de determinar parámetros productivos y reproductivos de la cabra blanca Criolla del “Filo Mayor” en la Sierra Madre del Sur, estado de Guerrero, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio en el municipio de Leonardo Bravo a 17o 39 ́N y 99o 50 ́O y en el Colegio Superior Agropecuario del Estado de Guerrero (CSAEGRO ubicado a 14.5 km de Iguala, Gro., a 18o 15 ́ N y 99o 39 ́ O. Los colores de pelo predominantes en las cabras fueron el blanco y el bayo o crema (94.8%; la presencia de cuernos fue común en machos y hembras y sólo un 7.4% de éstas no los presentó. Las cabras presentaron ubres esféricas (52.8% y alargadas (47.2%, mientras que los machos cabríos presentaron testículos lobulares (46.2% y bipartidos (53.8%. Predominaron cabras con perfil recto y orejas erectas (90.4%. El peso de los machos cabríos adultos fue de 68.0 ± 2.1 kg, con una altura a la cruz de 78.8 ± 3.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 88.5 ± 1.5 cm. Las cabras adultas presentaron un peso de 43.0 ± 3.2 kg, una altura a la cruz de 68.8 ± 2.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 80.7 ± 3.4 cm. La tasa de fertilidad e índice de prolificidad fueron de 61.4% y 1.6 ± 0.12 crías por parto, respectivamente, con un 8.7% de abortos. El peso al nacimiento de los cabritos (sin considerar sexo ni tipo de parto fue de 2.9 ± 0.13 kg; en tanto que el peso a los 100 d de edad fue de 14.3 ± 1.2 kg, con ganancias diarias de peso del nacimiento al destete de 159.0 ± 0.15 g. La producción de leche por día fue de 785.0 ± 35.9 g y la curva de lactancia registró un pico en las semanas 3 y 4 (800 g para después descender en forma constante hasta la semana 14 (400 g. La duración de la gestación fue de 168.6 ± 2.21 d, con un periodo parto-primer estro de 136.3 ± 30 d. La ocurrencia de ciclos estrales menores a 17 días fue nula, con una alta proporción de ciclos de entre 17 a 25 d (55.2% y mayores de 25 d (44

Effects of experimentally elevated traffic noise on nestling white-crowned sparrow stress physiology, immune function and life history.

Science.gov (United States)

Crino, Ondi L; Johnson, Erin E; Blickley, Jessica L; Patricelli, Gail L; Breuner, Creagh W

2013-06-01

Roads have been associated with behavioral and physiological changes in wildlife. In birds, roads decrease reproductive success and biodiversity and increase physiological stress. Although the consequences of roads on individuals and communities have been well described, the mechanisms through which roads affect birds remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine one mechanism through which roads could affect birds: traffic noise. We exposed nestling mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) to experimentally elevated traffic noise for 5 days during the nestling period. Following exposure to traffic noise we measured nestling stress physiology, immune function, body size, condition and survival. Based on prior studies, we expected the traffic noise treatment to result in elevated stress hormones (glucocorticoids), and declines in immune function, body size, condition and survival. Surprisingly, nestlings exposed to traffic noise had lower glucocorticoid levels and improved condition relative to control nests. These results indicate that traffic noise does affect physiology and development in white-crowned sparrows, but not at all as predicted. Therefore, when evaluating the mechanisms through which roads affect avian populations, other factors (e.g. edge effects, pollution and mechanical vibration) may be more important than traffic noise in explaining elevated nestling stress responses in this species.

Distribution, habitat and behavior of grasshopper sparrows, Ammodramus savannarum(Passeriformes: Emberizidae in northeastern Nicaragua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nidia Arguedas-Negrini

2001-06-01

Full Text Available During March and April of 1996, I made field observations of the sedentary subspecies of grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum cracens, in 600 points of the pine savannas of northeastern Nicaragua. Isolated individuals were found in the humid depressions, but breeding populations were located exclusively in areas that had suffered a recent fire. Territorial behavior varied in intensity apparently as a function of territory size: the most aggressive males were those trying to defend smaller territories in populations close to Miskito villages, where most of the fires occur. In contrast to what is happening in other parts of Central America, the Nicaraguan grasshopper sparrow may be indirectly protected from extinction by the Miskito’s traditional fire practices.En marzo y abril de 1996, llevé a cabo observaciones del semillero colicorto (Ammodramus savannarum cracens en las sabanas de pino del noreste de Nicaragua. Encontré individuos aislados en las depresiones más húmedas, pero las poblaciones en estado reproductivo ocupaban solamente áreas que hubieran sido quemadas recientemente. El comportamiento territorial de las aves parecía estar relacionado al tamaño del territorio: las aves más agresivas defendían territorios relativamente pequeños, cercanos a los poblados miskitos, que es adonde los fuegos se producen con mayor frequencia. Fue notable la ausencia de posibles depredadores en las áreas más abiertas de la savanna. Contrario a lo que sucede en otras partes de Centroamérica, la persistencia de esta ave en las savannas de pino de Nicaragua podría estar asegurada por las tradiciones miskitas en el uso del fuego.

Autotrasplante de células madre adultas en defecto óseo de rama mandibular por quiste dentígero

OpenAIRE

Torres Rodríguez, Luís E; Marimón Torres, Maria E; Morejón Álvarez, Felicia C; Camacho Díaz, René; León Amado, Liseet

2011-01-01

Propósitos del estudio: indagar en la formación ósea de cavidades quísticas de los maxilares a partir de células madres adultas. Método: se realiza la presentación de un paciente que presentaba un quiste dentígero en rama mandibular izquierda y que había provocado gran destrucción ósea, lo cual se comprobó al examen físico y estudios complementarios, tomografía axial compuarizada (TAC) e imágenes gráficas (Fotos). Se decide colocar las células madres adultas, previa valoración y preparación d...

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research: Submissions

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AFRICAN JOURNALS ONLINE (AJOL) · Journals · Advanced Search · USING ... Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research (SLJBR) publishes papers in all ... An original article should give sufficient detail of experimental procedures for .... For references cited in a paper which has been accepted for publication but not ...

Rebellion and Agrarian Tensions in Sierra Leone

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Peters, K.; Richards, P.

2011-01-01

This paper assesses the extent to which customary governance in Sierra Leone can be held responsible for an increasingly unstable two-class agrarian society. A case is made for regarding the civil war (1991–2002) as being an eruption of long-term, entrenched agrarian tensions exacerbated by chiefly

Reflexiones sobre los sentimientos y las percepciones de las madres de recién nacidos con bajo peso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darlene Basílio dos Santos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Para la mayoría de las mujeres, el nacimiento de un hijo se configura como un evento único, que refuerza y legitima la condición de ser mujer. Antes de nacer, el bebé es concebido, los padres se preguntan cuál es el sexo, e incluso la apariencia de que la profesión. El primero de los movimientos fetales contribuye al establecimiento de una relación de amor entre madre e hijo, que más tarde constituirán el apego materno filial. Materiales y Métodos: Es un salto cualitativo descriptivo. Según Minayo este tipo de investigación hace hincapié en la adquisición de los datos recogidos de forma descriptiva del contacto directo con la investigadora ha estudiado este fenómeno. "La investigación cualitativa el investigador guía en la comprensión del fenómeno objeto de estudio de la experiencia descrita por estar en el mundo" Resultados: Los resultados permitieron la construcción de tres categorías de análisis, que son: La hospitalización de recién nacidos con bajo peso,las estrategias para hacer frente a la hospitalización del niño en la unidad neonatal de cuidados intensivos, y obtener ayuda de enfermería como un factor facilitador para hacer frente a la hospitalización de recién nacidos con bajo peso. Discusión y Conclusiones: Con este estudio se dieron cuenta de que, al ser una madre recién nacidos con bajo peso Escort no es una condición que termina en sí mismo. Para la mujer-madre, la hospitalización del recién nacido se presenta como algo asombroso e impresionante, ya que ella soñaba con tener un bebé sano, lo que podría llevar a casa, cuidar y ejercer su papel de madre.(Rev Cuid 2011; 2(2: 168-74.Palabras clave: Enfermeria, Neonatología, Recién Nacido, Relaciones Madre-Hijo. (Fuente: DeCs BIREME.

El rol de las percepciones y los conocimientos de las madres en el estado nutricional de sus niños

OpenAIRE

Alcázar, Lorena; Marini, Alessandra; Walker, Ian

2011-01-01

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los factores determinantes de la desnutrición infantil (talla para la edad de los niños menores de 2 años), con énfasis en el análisis del rol del conocimiento de las madres sobre nutrición infantil en relación con el crecimiento y desarrollo de sus hijos. Se busca, además, explorar los mecanismos por cuya vía las madres obtienen estos conocimientos y forman sus percepciones, y analizar los canales mediante los cuales estos afectan el desarrollo de...

Células Madre en la reparación de tejido miocárdico: Biología y Clínica.

OpenAIRE

Zeledón S, Fernando; Morales, Orlando; Méndez J, Edgar; Porras, Abigail; Zamora L, José; Orlich, Priscilla

2005-01-01

En los últimos años se ha visto como las células madre han pasado de ser un concepto de interés científico,a ocupar tantas páginas en las revistas científicas como esperanzados comentarios en la prensa.Los conocimientos que en este campo de la medicina se vienen produciendo de forma casi diaria han disparado las expectativas de los enfermos y de los médicos de que las células madre vayan a contribuir a la curación de múltiples enfermedades humanas como la diabetes,la enfermedad de Parkinson,e...

Papel de las células madre oncogénicas en la resistencia terapéutica de tumores de mama

OpenAIRE

Velasco Velázquez, Marco A; de la Fuente Granada, Marisol

2009-01-01

Las células madre oncogénicas constituyen una subpoblación de células tumorales que tienen la capacidad de auto-renovarse y de generar tumores heterogéneos en animales de experimentación. Estudios recientes han demostrado que las células madres oncogénicas juegan un papel central en la tumorigénesis, la progresión tumoral y la sensibilidad al tratamiento, lo que las convierte en blancos muy prometedores para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias antineoplásicas. En el caso particular del cáncer de...

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research Original Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

university hospital in southern Sierra Leone, a total of 66 (4.71±2.52) victims reported having been bitten by snakes in 11 ... social, economic, psychological and health impacts of snakebite ..... Epidemiological profile of snakebite cases from.

Rebuilding after emergency: Revamping agricultural research in Sierra Leone after civil war

OpenAIRE

Asenso-Okyere, Kwadwo; Workneh, Sindu; Rhodes, Edward; Sutherland, John

2009-01-01

"The civil war in Sierra Leone, caused by a mix of political, social, and economic factors, had a huge impact on the overall economy in general and on the performance of the agricultural sector in particular. The agricultural research system of Sierra Leone was severely affected by the civil war. Research infrastructure was destroyed, laboratories were damaged and abandoned, and well-trained researchers and scientists fled from the country. With the cessation of hostilities in 2002, the gover...

Rabia en Potos flavus identificados en el departamento de madre de dios, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Vargas-Linares

Full Text Available El Potos flavus es un mamífero nocturno que habita en bosques neotropicales desde Centroamérica hasta Sudamérica. Se realizó un estudio de cuatro casos de rabia en Potos flavus ocurridos desde abril de 2012 en el departamento de Madre de Dios en Perú, captados como parte de la vigilancia epidemiológica. Los análisis realizados en el laboratorio de referencia regional de Madre de Dios determinaron presencia de antígeno del virus de la rabia en tres de las muestras de tejido encefálico, dichos resultados fueron corroborados en el Laboratorio de Zoonosis Virales del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Perú mediante inmunofluorescencia directa, la tipificación no identificó ninguna de las variantes conocidas en murciélagos o en perros. La ocurrencia de cuatro casos de rabia en Potos flavus suma evidencias de la emergencia de un nuevo reservorio del virus de la rabia y que ha sido reportada previamente en el mismo departamento el año 2007

Rice genetic resources in postwar Sierra Leone

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chakanda, R.T.M.

2009-01-01

This research presents the effect of the 10-year long civil war in Sierra Leone on rice genetic resources, using farmers and their seed systems in three selected districts as reference points. The war disrupted all forms of production and development in the country and like other sectors of the

SIERRA Code Coupling Module: Arpeggio User Manual Version 4.44

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra Thermal/Fluid Team

2017-04-01

The SNL Sierra Mechanics code suite is designed to enable simulation of complex multiphysics scenarios. The code suite is composed of several specialized applications which can operate either in standalone mode or coupled with each other. Arpeggio is a supported utility that enables loose coupling of the various Sierra Mechanics applications by providing access to Framework services that facilitate the coupling. More importantly Arpeggio orchestrates the execution of applications that participate in the coupling. This document describes the various components of Arpeggio and their operability. The intent of the document is to provide a fast path for analysts interested in coupled applications via simple examples of its usage.

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research Original Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

recommendations to the health sector of Sierra Leone for it prevention. This retrospective .... pressure. 27% of the population is exposed to 3 to. 5 of these risk factors. According to .... Many studies have identified foot ulcer as the most common ...

Experiencias de maltrato infantil y transmisión intergeneracional de patrones de apego madre-infante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana María Mesa

2009-01-01

se ha relacionado con el maltrato materno. Se concluye que el impacto de éste en la relación con el bebé es mayor entre más intensas y prolongadas hayan sido estas vivencias y menor disponibilidad para la madre de figuras de apego alternativas positivas.

Nitrogen dynamics of spring-fed wetland ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada foothills oak woodland

Science.gov (United States)

Randall D. Jackson; Barbara Allen-Diaz

2002-01-01

Spring-fed wetlands are small, highly productive, patchy ecosystems nested within the oak woodland/annual grassland matrix of the Sierra Nevada foothills. In an effort to place these wetlands in a landscape context, we described seasonal variation (1999-2000 growing season) in nitrogen cycling parameters at 6 spring-fed wetland sites of the Sierra Nevada foothill oak...

Magma mixing in granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Reid, John B.; Evans, Owen C.; Fates, Dailey G.

1983-12-01

The El Capitan alaskite exposed in the North American Wall, Yosemite National Park, was intruded by two sets of mafic dikes that interacted thermally and chemically with the host alaskite. Comparisons of petrographic and compositional data for these dikes and alaskite with published data for Sierra Nevada plutons lead us to suggest that mafic magmas were important in the generation of the Sierra Nevada batholith. Specifically, we conclude that: (1) intrusion of mafic magmas in the lower crust caused partial melting and generation of alaskite (rhyolitic) magmas; (2) interaction between the mafic and felsic magmas lead to the observed linear variation diagrams for major elements; (3) most mafic inclusions in Sierra Nevada plutons represent chilled pillows of mafic magmas, related by fractional crystallization and granitoid assimilation, that dissolve into their felsic host and contaminate it to intermediate (granodioritic) compositions; (4) vesiculation of hydrous mafic magma upon chilling may allow buoyant mafic inclusions and their disaggregation products to collect beneath a pluton's domed ceiling causing the zoning (mafic margins-to-felsic core) that these plutons exhibit.

High Compressive Stresses Near the Surface of the Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Martel, S. J.; Logan, J. M.; Stock, G. M.

2012-12-01

Observations and stress measurements in granitic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California reveal strong compressive stresses parallel to the surface of the range at shallow depths. New overcoring measurements show high compressive stresses at three locations along an east-west transect through Yosemite National Park. At the westernmost site (west end of Tenaya Lake), the mean compressive stress is 1.9. At the middle site (north shore of Tenaya Lake) the mean compressive stress is 6.8 MPa. At the easternmost site (south side of Lembert Dome) the mean compressive stress is 3.0 MPa. The trend of the most compressive stress at these sites is within ~30° of the strike of the local topographic surface. Previously published hydraulic fracturing measurements by others elsewhere in the Sierra Nevada indicate surface-parallel compressive stresses of several MPa within several tens of meters of the surface, with the stress magnitudes generally diminishing to the west. Both the new and the previously published compressive stress magnitudes are consistent with the presence of sheeting joints (i.e., "exfoliation joints") in the Sierra Nevada, which require lateral compressive stresses of several MPa to form. These fractures are widespread: they are distributed in granitic rocks from the north end of the range to its southern tip and across the width of the range. Uplift along the normal faults of the eastern escarpment, recently measured by others at ~1-2 mm/yr, probably contributes to these stresses substantially. Geodetic surveys reveal that normal faulting flexes a range concave upwards in response to fault slip, and this flexure is predicted by elastic dislocation models. The topographic relief of the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada is 2-4 km, and since alluvial fill generally buries the bedrock east of the faults, the offset of granitic rocks is at least that much. Compressive stresses of several MPa are predicted by elastic dislocation models of the range front

Anfibios y reptiles de la sierra de Cuatro Venados, Oaxaca, México

OpenAIRE

Martín-Regalado, N.; Lavariega, M. C.; Gómez-Ugalde, R. M.; Rodríguez-Pérez, C.

2016-01-01

Amphibians and reptiles of the Sierra de Cuatro Venados, Oaxaca, Mexico We surveyed amphibian and reptile communities in temperate forest in the Sierra de Cuatro Venados to increase knowledge of the Oaxacan herpetofauna. We obtained 193 visual and 106 voucher records during 38 days of fieldwork. During the study, we recorded 36 of the 40 species predicted to occur in this mountain range: nine amphibians and 27 reptiles, five of which represent new records at the regional scale. Pine-o...

PERCEPCIÓN DE LAS MADRES DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE SUS NIÑOS EN UNA ESCUELA PRIMARIA DE CACHI (SALTA, ARGENTINA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio A. Giordano

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la infancia ha aumentado en estas últimas décadas. La percepción distorsionada de las madres sobre la imagen corporal y los hábitos alimentarios de sus hijos son predictores de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar la percepción materna del estado nutricional de sus hijos y compararlo con el estado nutricional evaluado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal a 35 madres y sus respectivos hijos que asisten al primer grado de la escuela Victorino de la Plaza en la localidad de Cachi. Las variables fueron edad, sexo, estado nutricional, circunferencia de cintura, percepción materna del estado nutricional de sus hijos, opinión sobre el estado nutricional y percepción materna de la salud en relación con el estado nutricional. Resultados: se pudo observar que el estado nutricional de los 35 niños fue 63% normopeso, 11% bajo peso; 20% sobrepeso, y el 6% obesidad. La alteración de la percepción materna del estado nutricional fue significativamente mayor en los niños con exceso de peso. Conclusiones: Las madres de hijos con sobrepeso y obesidad presentan una distorsión de la imagen corporal de sus niños, en un predominio mayor que las que se presentan en niños con normopeso. Se resalta la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de sobrepeso en niños y la necesidad de su reconocimiento por parte de sus madres.

Micrometeorological Observations in a Sierra Nevada Meadow

Science.gov (United States)

Blackburn, D. A.; Oliphant, A. J.

2016-12-01

Mountain meadows play important roles on watershed and ecosystem services, including improving water quality, moderating runoff and providing biodiversity hotspots. In the Sierra Nevada, mountain meadows are an integral part of the mountain ecosystem and watersheds that impact more than 20 million people. Grazing, logging and other forms of anthropogenic land use in the Sierra Nevada have degraded the functioning of meadows, by altering the morphology, hydrology and vegetation. Existing meandering stream networks become incised and straightened by increased runoff, which effectively lowers the water table and completely alters the ecosystem from moist meadow sedges, grasses, and herbs to dryland grass and shrubs. Given the large growth cycle in healthy meadows, it is also expected that they sequester a significant amount of carbon and enhance atmospheric humidity through evapotranspiration, but relatively little work has been done on the bio-micrometeorology of meadows. The purpose of this study is to assess the growing season carbon, water and energy budgets of a partly degraded meadow in the northern Sierra Nevada. Loney Meadow, located at nearly 2,000 m in the Tahoe National Forest, has been identified as a degraded meadow and is scheduled to undergo restoration work to raise the water table in 2017. A micrometeorological tower with eddy covariance instruments was deployed at the site for most of the snow-free period from May to October 2016. The measurements include: fluxes of CO2, water vapor, surface radiation and energy budget components; ancillary meteorological and soil data; and an automated camera capturing daily images of the meadow surface. The poster will present diurnal and seasonal CO2 on a daily basis with a very rapid increase at the onset of the growing season.

Prácticas de cuidado con el recién nacido prematuro o bajo peso, que ofrecen las madres en el hogar

OpenAIRE

Pava Laguna, Carolina

2013-01-01

Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de cuidado con el recién nacido prematuro o bajo peso, que ofrecen las madres en el hogar, una vez son dados de alta de las Unidades de cuidado neonatal de Pereira. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, con método de etnoenfermería, muestreo por saturación. La información fue aportada a través de 21 entrevista semiestructurada realizadas a siete (7) informantes claves, madres que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y por cinco (5) informantes generales, enfermera...

Sistema integrado de asuntos académicos de la Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios - Puerto Maldonado (SIAA-UNAMAD)

OpenAIRE

Canahuire Cruz, Genaro

2007-01-01

El trabajo de investigación intitulado "SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE ASUNTOS ACADÉMICOS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AMAZONICA DE MADRE DE DIOS (SIAA-UNAMAD)", se a desarrollado en la Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios durante los años 2006 y 2007, dando solución a un conjunto de problemas que aquejaban en el servicio a los Estudiantes, Docentes y Administrativos de la Universidad. Los sistemas de información se aplican en diversas áreas donde se maneJan registros de informaciones y las Ba...

Personality Traits and Behavioral Syndromes in Differently Urbanized Populations of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Science.gov (United States)

Bókony, Veronika; Kulcsár, Anna; Tóth, Zoltán; Liker, András

2012-01-01

Urbanization creates novel environments for wild animals where selection pressures may differ drastically from those in natural habitats. Adaptation to urban life involves changes in various traits, including behavior. Behavioral traits often vary consistently among individuals, and these so-called personality traits can be correlated with each other, forming behavioral syndromes. Despite their adaptive significance and potential to act as constraints, little is known about the role of animal personality and behavioral syndromes in animals' adaptation to urban habitats. In this study we tested whether differently urbanized habitats select for different personalities and behavioral syndromes by altering the population mean, inter-individual variability, and correlations of personality traits. We captured house sparrows (Passer domesticus) from four different populations along the gradient of urbanization and assessed their behavior in standardized test situations. We found individual consistency in neophobia, risk taking, and activity, constituting three personality axes. On the one hand, urbanization did not consistently affect the mean and variance of these traits, although there were significant differences between some of the populations in food neophobia and risk taking (both in means and variances). On the other hand, both urban and rural birds exhibited a behavioral syndrome including object neophobia, risk taking and activity, whereas food neophobia was part of the syndrome only in rural birds. These results indicate that there are population differences in certain aspects of personality in house sparrows, some of which may be related to habitat urbanization. Our findings suggest that urbanization and/or other population-level habitat differences may not only influence the expression of personality traits but also alter their inter-individual variability and the relationships among them, changing the structure of behavioral syndromes. PMID:22574204

Promoción de la salud y calidad de vida entre madres de preadolescentes: una etnografia enfocada

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Alicia Del Carmen Ludueña

Full Text Available Se utilizó etnografía enfocada para identificar creencias, valores y prácticas de Promoción de la Salud y Calidad de Vida entre madres de preadolescentes en Argentina. Se describió la influencia materna en las elecciones que hacen los preadolescentes y la protección de los jóvenes ante comportamientos de riesgo. Los datos se obtuvieron de una muestra intencional de 10 madres con observación participante, entrevistas grabadas, notas de campo y diario personal suplementadas con genogramas y fotografías como opción. El análisis temático de los datos condujo al significado del rol materno en la protección de los hijos ante comportamientos de riesgo para la salud. También se identificaron 2 patrones de cuidado y los componentes del "buen vivir".

British Military Intervention into Sierra Leone: A Case Study

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Roberson, Walter G

2007-01-01

.... The successful British intervention led to the defeat of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and final peace accords, restored order to a failed state, and allowed the democratic restoration of the government of Sierra Leone...

Villa de la madre y el niño – Milán

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Scarzella Mazzocchi, Alberto

1959-07-01

Full Text Available La Villa de la Madre y el Niño marca una nueva etapa en la arquitectura italiana, ya que es el resultado de un trabajo concebido y madurado por un equipo de arquitectos, médicos y sociólogos para, así, lograr una mayor efectividad en la resolución de problemas tan complejos como son la construcción de edificios con fines sociales.

Cultural variation in savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis, songs: an analysis using the meme concept.

Science.gov (United States)

Burnell

1998-10-01

I used the meme concept to investigate patterns of cultural variation among the songs of eight, geographically distinct populations of savannah sparrows. Memes composed of only one syllable were geographically widespread and randomly distributed among populations, but memes of two-, three- and four-syllables became progressively more restricted in their geographical distribution. Thus, the populations were memetically more similar with respect to one-syllable memes and more divergent with respect to larger memes. These results suggest that differences in memetic mutation rates and susceptibility to loss by memetic drift could be sufficient to create the observed pattern of greater divergence among populations for large memes. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Genes located in a chromosomal inversion are correlated with territorial song in white-throated sparrows.

Science.gov (United States)

Zinzow-Kramer, W M; Horton, B M; McKee, C D; Michaud, J M; Tharp, G K; Thomas, J W; Tuttle, E M; Yi, S; Maney, D L

2015-11-01

The genome of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) contains an inversion polymorphism on chromosome 2 that is linked to predictable variation in a suite of phenotypic traits including plumage color, aggression and parental behavior. Differences in gene expression between the two color morphs, which represent the two common inversion genotypes (ZAL2/ZAL2 and ZAL2/ZAL2(m) ), may therefore advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these phenotypes. To identify genes that are differentially expressed between the two morphs and correlated with behavior, we quantified gene expression and terrirorial aggression, including song, in a population of free-living white-throated sparrows. We analyzed gene expression in two brain regions, the medial amygdala (MeA) and hypothalamus. Both regions are part of a 'social behavior network', which is rich in steroid hormone receptors and previously linked with territorial behavior. Using weighted gene co-expression network analyses, we identified modules of genes that were correlated with both morph and singing behavior. The majority of these genes were located within the inversion, showing the profound effect of the inversion on the expression of genes captured by the rearrangement. These modules were enriched with genes related to retinoic acid signaling and basic cellular functioning. In the MeA, the most prominent pathways were those related to steroid hormone receptor activity. Within these pathways, the only gene encoding such a receptor was ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1), a gene previously shown to predict song rate in this species. The set of candidate genes we identified may mediate the effects of a chromosomal inversion on territorial behavior. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.

Explaining Violence in Sierra Leone's Civil War

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Explaining the violence of civil war is never a simple task for the scholar. In the case of the Sierra Leone, paradoxically, the task has in some ways been rendered more difficult by the sheer variety of compelling scholarship on the question. This paper seeks to identify the most useful of the explanations offered thus far, and ...

Proliferación y diferenciación osteogénica de células madre mesenquimales en hidrogeles de plasma sanguíneo humano

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Itali M. Linero

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La utilización de las células madre mesenquimales en la práctica clínica ha aumentado considerablemente en la última década, ya que juegan un papel favorable en los procesos de reparación y regeneración tisular, siendo la principal herramienta de la terapia celular para el tratamiento de enfermedades que afectan funcionalmente el tejido óseo y cartilaginoso. Objetivo. Evaluar la proliferación y capacidad de diferenciación osteogénica in vitro de células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo humano en un hidrogel de plasma sanguíneo. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron células madre mesenquimales a partir de explantes de tejido adiposo humano y se caracterizaron por citometría de flujo; se buscó demostrar su multipotencialidad por su capacidad de diferenciación osteogénica y adipogénica. Se evaluó la proliferación celular y la capacidad de diferenciación osteogénica de las células cultivadas en hidrogeles de plasma sanguíneo. Resultados. Las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo cultivadas en el hidrogel de plasma sanguíneo humano mostraron un patrón de proliferación muy similar al de las células cultivadas en monocapa y, además, mantuvieron su capacidad de diferenciación hacia el linaje osteogénico. Conclusiones. El hidrogel de plasma sanguíneo humano es un soporte adecuado para que las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo humano proliferen y se diferencien hacia el linaje osteogénico y constituye un vehículo adecuado para su administración en regeneración del tejido óseo.

Effect of previous chilling storage on quality loss in frozen (–20 °C sierra (Scomberomorus sierra muscle packed with a low-density polyethylene film containing butylated hydroxytoluene

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Herlinda Soto-Valdez

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Rancidity development during frozen storage (–20 °C of sierra fish (Scomberomorus sierra was studied. Fillets were packed in low-density polyethylene films with and without butylated hydroxytoluene added (BHT-LDPE and LDPE respectively. Fillets stored with no package were used as control. Special attention was given to the effect of previous ice storage (0, 3, 6, 9 and 15 days on the quality of the frozen fish. Physical (pH and texture and chemical (peroxide value, PV and thiobarbituric acid index, TBA-i analyses were carried out. Lipid oxidation increased with ice storage time in fish muscle without film packing, being greater than the film packed muscle (with and without antioxidant. An effect of previous ice storage time was observed on the frozen product (in all treatments. However, fish muscle with film packing containing antioxidant showed less lipid deterioration. Under the conditions applied in this study, the plastic films with antioxidant prevented the lipids oxidation during the cold handling of the sierra muscle.

Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona

Science.gov (United States)

Kennedy, Jeffrey R.

2015-01-01

Observations of very small changes of Earth’s gravitational field (time-lapse gravity) provide a direct, non-invasive method for measuring changes in aquifer storage change. An existing network of gravity stations in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed was revised in 2014 to better understand the spatial distribution of changes in aquifer storage, especially with relation to ephemeral channel recharge and a groundwater cone of depression associated with pumping in the greater Sierra Vista area. In addition, the network was extended to provide baseline data for possible future enhanced-recharge projects.

Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Luque, Antonio Jesús; Barea-Azcón, José Miguel; Álvarez-Ruiz, Lola; Bonet-García, Francisco Javier; Zamora, Regino

2016-01-01

In this data paper, a dataset of passerine bird communities is described in Sierra Nevada, a Mediterranean high mountain located in southern Spain. The dataset includes occurrence data from bird surveys conducted in four representative ecosystem types of Sierra Nevada from 2008 to 2015. For each visit, bird species numbers as well as distance to the transect line were recorded. A total of 27847 occurrence records were compiled with accompanying measurements on distance to the transect and animal counts. All records are of species in the order Passeriformes. Records of 16 different families and 44 genera were collected. Some of the taxa in the dataset are included in the European Red List. This dataset belongs to the Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (OBSNEV), a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area.

Tectonic, volcanic, and climatic geomorphology study of the Sierras Pampeanas Andes, northwestern Argentina

Science.gov (United States)

Bloom, A. L.; Strecker, M. R.; Fielding, E. J.

1984-01-01

A proposed analysis of Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) data extends current research in the Sierras Pampeanas and the Puna of northwestern Argentina to the determination - by the digital analysis of mountain-front sinuousity - of the relative age and amount of fault movement along mountain fronts of the late-Cenozoic Sierras Pampeanas basement blocks; the determination of the age and history of the boundary across the Andes at about 27 S latitude between continuing volcanism to the north and inactive volcanism to the south; and the determination of the age and extent of Pleistocene glaciation in the High Sierras, as well as the comparative importance of climatic change and tectonic movements in shaping the landscape. The integration of these studies into other ongoing geology projects contributes to the understanding of landform development in this active tectonic environment and helps distinguish between climatic and tectonic effects on landforms.

Active basement uplift as seen with cosmogenic lenses: the Sierra Pie de Palo case (Western Argentina)

Science.gov (United States)

Siame, L. L.; Sébrier, M.; Costa, C. H.; Ahumada, E. A.; Bellier, O.

2013-12-01

The Andean foreland of western Argentina (28°S-33°S) corresponds to retroarc deformations associated with the ongoing flat subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American lithosphere, and associated with high levels of seismic activity and crustal active faulting. To improve earthquake source identification and characterization in the San Juan region, data from seismology, structural geology and quantitative geomorphology can be integrated and combined to provide a seismotectonic model. In this model, the Andean back-arc of western Argentina has to be regarded as an obliquely converging foreland where Plio-Quaternary deformations are partitioned between strike-slip and thrust motions that are localized on the E-verging, thin-skinned Argentine Precordillera, and the W-verging thick-skinned Sierras Pampeanas, respectively. In this domain, the Sierra Pie de Palo is a key structure playing a major role in the partitioning of the Plio-Quaternary deformations. Located in the westernmost Sierras Pampeanas, the Sierra Pie de Palo forms a NNE striking, 80 km-long and 35-40 km-wide, ellipsoid range that reaches elevation as high as 3162 m. This mountain range is an actively growing basement fold associated with a high level of seismic activity (e.g., the November 23, 1977, Caucete, Mw 7.4 earthquake). To evaluate the degree of tectonic activity around the Sierra Pie de Palo, we combined a detailed morphometric analysis of the topography together with in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be concentrations measured in (1) bedrock outcrops corresponding to the exhumed erosional regional surface, (2) surface boulders abandoned on alluvial fans deformed by active faults, and (3) in fluvial sediments sampled at the outlets of selected watersheds that drains out from the Sierra Pie de Palo. All together, our results allows: (1) assessing quantitative constraints on the rate of tectonic and denudation processes that are responsible for the active growth and erosion of the Sierra

El sentido de vida de las madres de niños prematuros internados en unidad de Cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Celeste Gómez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La prematuridad es una problemática que se encuentra en aumento a nivel mundial. En Argentina 8 de cada 100 bebés nacen antes de tiempo, de ahí la importancia de sensibilizar a la población sobre este tema. Para la logoterapia la motivación básica y propia del ser humano es su orientación fundamental hacia el sentido, es de- cir, el encontrar y descubrir un porqué y para qué. Tener en cuenta la dimensión existencial de la persona es una forma de acercarnos al problema. Por tal motivo el objetivo del trabajo que se in forma fue relacionar el sentido de vida develado por las madres de niños que se encuentran internados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neona- tales (UCIN debido a su nacimiento prematuro con dos factores; por un lado con la capacidad que ellas mismas refieren para informarse adecuadamente acerca de la situación de su hijo y por el otro, con su vinculación con situaciones límite vividas durante el embarazo. Se realizó un estudio experimental con 30 madres de niños prematuros que han pasado por una internación en UCIN en tres instituciones hospitalarias. Se construyó un instrumento con formato de entrevista semidirigida llamado Vivencia de Madres de Niños Nacidos Prematuramente. Los resultados demuestran que las madres con mayor capacidad para solicitar información sobre la situación de sus hijos son las que pudieron dar respuestas acerca de la pregunta sobre el sentido que esta situación les permitía descubrir. En un porcentaje menor pudieron relacionarse las respuestas con situaciones límites vividas con anterioridad.

Niveles de plomo sanguíneo en madres y recién nacidos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

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Navarrete-Espinosa Joel

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre el nivel de plomo sanguíneo materno (PSM y el de sangre en cordón umbilical (PSC al momento del parto, así como determinar los principales predictores del PSM en derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, en el Distrito Federal (D.F.. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se reclutaron voluntarias con embarazo normoevolutivo y se les tomaron muestras de sangre al momento del parto, en cuatro hospitales del IMSS en el D.F., de 1991 a 1993. Se tomó, además, muestra de sangre de cordón umbilical. Los datos fueron analizados mediante regresión lineal simple y múltiple. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron un total de 1 404 binomios madre-hijo; el promedio de edad de las madres fue de 25 años. La media de PSM fue 10.7 ± 6.5 µg/dl; no se encontraron variaciones significativas por hospital, edad o estado civil. Para el PSC la media fue de 10.4 ± 6.2 µg/dl. Por cada aumento en una unidad logarítmica de PSM, el PSC aumenta 0.62 (p<0.01 unidades logarítmicas. La correlación entre ambos fue de 0.61 (p<0.01. Los principales predictores de PSM fueron el uso de loza vidriada, el consumo de leche y jugo de naranja, estos últimos se asociaron inversamente con el PSM. Un 47% de las madres y 50% de los niños tuvieron valores superiores a 10 µg/dl. En 578 recién nacidos se registraron niveles de plomo superiores a los de la madre. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere continuar la línea de investigación para proponer tipos de intervención.

El Sesgo Lingüístico y los Estereotipos de Género: La Maternidad para las Mujeres no Madres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Consuelo Paterna

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio del rol maternal desde la perspectiva de género, viene confirmando la reproducción de los estereotipos sexuales. El presente estudio analiza la representación social de la maternidad y no-maternidad en una muestra de 90 mujeres no madres con empleo. Un análisis de contenido y la aplicación del modelo de categorías lingüísticas fueron usados para analizar las respuestas producidas en una tarea de asociación libre. Los datos muestran que las participantes producen un estereotipo positivo de la maternidad y negativo de la no-maternidad. Los resultados se comentan con relación a otros estudios realizados con madres en los que se obtienen datos similares

Efectos del contacto piel con piel del recién nacido con su madre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Lucchini Raies

Full Text Available Antecedentes: el contacto piel con piel ha sido una práctica ancestral en toda cultura, que debido a la institucionalización de la atención del parto, disminuyó en occidente. Se retomó en el marco de la atención humanizada del parto. Objetivo principal: determinar los efectos del contacto piel con piel del recién nacido con su madre. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de 26 estudios. Límites de búsqueda: new borns, humans, clinical trials, de 10 años de publicación, en bases de datos: Pubmed, ProQuest, CINHAL, Lilacs. Resultados principales: Se observaron beneficios en las variables: duración de lactancia materna, comportamiento neurosensorial, regulación de temperatura, como alternativa al cuidado estándar, disminución en días hospitalización y niveles de cortisol, favorecedor de la interacción madre-hijo y desarrollo infantil. Conclusión principal: el contacto piel con piel brinda múltiples beneficios a recién nacidos. Se presenta como alternativa de cuidado segura, factible de implementar.

Reducing CO2 emissions in Sierra Leone and Ghana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davidson, O.

1991-01-01

With soring population growth rates and minimal economic growth, the nations of Africa are afflicted with innumerable problems. Why then should Africa's developing countries worry about CO 2 emissions? First, because agricultural activities form the backbone of most African economies; thus, these nations may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change. Second, acting to reduce carbon emissions will bring about more efficient energy use. All of Africa could benefit from the improved use of energy. Finally, the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere is a global problem with individual solutions; in order to reduce international emissions, all countries, including those in Africa, must contribute. Typical of many African countries, Ghana and Sierra Leone have among the lowest levels of energy demand per capita across the globe. primary energy demand per capita in these two West African nations equals about one quarter of the world's average and about one twentieth of the US average. This work summarizes the results of two long-term energy use and carbon emissions scenarios for Sierra Leone and Ghana. In the high emissions (HE) scenario for 2025, policy changes focused on galvanizing economic growth lead to significant increases in energy use and carbon emissions in Ghana and Sierra Leone between 1985 and 2025. In the low emissions (LE) scenario, the implementation of policies aimed specifically at curtailing CO 2 emissions significantly limits the increase in carbon in both nations by 2025

Dust storm, northern Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

This large dust storm along the left side of the photo, covers a large portion of the state of Coahuila, Mexico (27.5N, 102.0E). The look angle of this oblique photo is from the south to the north. In the foreground is the Sierra Madre Oriental in the states Coahuila and Nuevo Leon with the Rio Grande River, Amistad Reservoir and Texas in the background.

Assessing unmet anaesthesia need in Sierra Leone: a secondary ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Department of Surgery, Connaught Hospital Freetown, Sierra Leone. 3. Department of .... need, is a key part of planning for increasing surgical capacity. Limitations. As noted by Groen et al24 this data .... Emergency and surgery services of ...

75 FR 26786 - Notice of Public Meeting: Sierra Front-Northwestern Great Basin Resource Advisory Council, NV

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-12

... 261A; 10-08807; MO 4500012081; TAS: 14X1109] Notice of Public Meeting: Sierra Front-Northwestern Great..., Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Sierra Front-Northwestern Great Basin Resource Advisory Council (RAC... discussion will include, but are not limited to: District Manager's reports on current program of work, Draft...

Encuesta a padres y madres sobre el uso de las tecnolog??as de la informaci??n y la comunicaci??n en la infancia

OpenAIRE

Ortega Castillo, Eva

2015-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la opini??n y el conocimiento que tienen los padres y madres sobre el uso de las tecnolog??as de la informaci??n y la comunicaci??n de ellos mismos y de sus hijos/as. En la investigaci??n participaron 70 padres y madres de ni??os de Educaci??n Primaria, de los cuales el 30% eran varones y el 70% mujeres, se define como un estudio transversal realizado mediante encuesta. Para obtener los resultados de las encuestas se necesit?? la colaboraci??n de dos c...

Actitud de las madres en el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación de niños menores de 6 años

OpenAIRE

Boscan, Mariana; Salinas, Belén; Trestini, Maria Luisa; Tomat, Maria

2012-01-01

La finalidad de este estudio fue determinar la actitud de las madres hacia el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación de niños menores de 6 años en el servicio de hospitalización del hospital de niños Dr. Jorge Lizarraga, en Valencia, Estado Carabobo. Fue un estudio transversal, descriptivo, no experimental; se aplicó una encuesta, previa validación y consentimiento informado a 71 madres. Los datos fueron tabulados y graficados mostrándose frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. En los resulta...

Quaternary environments in Sierra Nevada

OpenAIRE

Oliva, Marc; Gómez Ortiz, Antonio; Palacios Estremera, David; Salvador Franch, Ferran; Salvà Catarineu, Monserrat

2016-01-01

El conocimiento relativo a la evolución ambiental cuaternaria en las montañas de la Península Ibérica ha avanzado sustancialmente en las últimas décadas. Particularmente significativos son los progresos realizados en el macizo de Sierra Nevada, en el sur peninsular. En este caso, los investigadores se han servido de registros naturales y fuentes documentales para reconstruir la dinámica ambiental desde la Última Glaciación y posterior deglaciación del macizo hasta su evolución reciente. Los c...

Avistamientos recientes de águila real (Aquila chrysaetos en la sierra El Mechudo, Baja California Sur, México Recent sightings of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos in the Sierra El Mechudo, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel Guerrero-Cárdenas

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Se reportan nuevos avistamientos de águila real durante 3 años consecutivos (2007-2010 en 2 localidades de la sierra El Mechudo (El Saucito y las Tarabillas, Baja California Sur. Los avistamientos, se realizaron con cámaras-trampa y por observación directa. En BCS, los registros más recientes son de la sierra de la Laguna en el 2000. Se han detectado al menos 4 individuos diferentes, entre juveniles y adultos. La importancia de estos nuevos avistamientos reside en que por primera vez se registra la presencia del águila real en cuerpos de agua dulce.We report new sightings of Golden Eagle for 3 consecutive years (2007-2010 at 2 localities of the Sierra El Mechudo (El Saucito and Tarabillas, Baja California Sur. These sightings were recorded with camera traps and by direct observation. Most recent records from BCS are for the Sierra de la Laguna in 2000. At least 4 different individuals, both juveniles and adults, have been recorded. The importance of these new sightings is that for the first time we registered Golden Eagles infresh water wetlands.

Airborne Pesticides as an Unlikely Cause for Population Declines of Alpine Frogs in the Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Airborne pesticides from the Central Valley of California have been implicated as a cause for population declines of several amphibian species, with the strongest evidence for the mountain yellow-legged frog complex (Rana muscosa and R. sierrae) in the Sierra Nevada. We measured...

Presentación de la menarca en madres e hijas. ¿Existe un adelanto?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anahí Viviana Rubinstein

2017-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la menarca es un acontecimiento tardío en el desarrollo puberal y constituye el hito más significativo. Se ha descrito un adelanto progresivo en la edad de presentación de la menarca. OBJETIVO: determinar la edad de aparición de la menarca y su relación con la edad de la menarca materna. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo, analítico, realizado entre mayo del 2014 y septiembre del 2015. Se estudiaron a niñas que presentaron su menarca con edad ginecológica menor a tres años. Se registró la edad de la menarca, seguro de salud y lugar de residencia de la niña y edad de la menarca de su madre, por el método de recuperación de datos. Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC y el IMC/edad–Z score de la niña. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 250 niñas que presentaron menarca a una edad promedio de 11.6 ± 1.1 años; con un adelanto significativo de un año respecto a la de su madre: 12.6 ± 1.6 años (p < 0.00001. Se observó una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de la menarca de las niñas y su IMC/edad-Z score (p < 0.00001; se mantuvo independiente del lugar de residencia (p = 0.3903 y del seguro de salud (p = 0.6067. CONCLUSIÓN: en nuestra población, la menarca ocurrió un año antes en promedio en las hijas que en sus madres. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución de la menarca promedio en niñas con aumento del índice de masa corporal. No encontramos asociación entre la edad de la menarca y el nivel socioeconómico o lugar de residencia.

Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

Science.gov (United States)

Klinger, Robert C.; Few, Alexandra P.; Knox, Kathleen A.; Hatfield, Brian E.; Clark, Jonathan; German, David W.; Stephenson, Thomas R.

2015-01-01

Pack stock (horses, mules, burros, llamas, and goats) are frequently assumed to have negative effects on public lands, but there is a general lack of data to be able to quantify the degree to which this is actually the case. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks have received complaints that pack stock may affect Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae; SNBS), a federally endangered subspecies that occurs in largely disjunct herds in the Sierra Nevada Range of California. The potential effects are thought to be displacement of SNBS from meadows on their summer range (altered habitat use) or, more indirectly, through changes in SNBS habitat or forage quality. Our goals were to conduct an association analysis to quantify the degree of potential spatial overlap in meadow use between SNBS and pack stock and to compare differences in vegetation community composition, structure, and diversity among meadows with different levels of use by bighorn sheep and pack stock. For the association analysis, we used two approaches: (1) we quantified the proportion of meadows that were within the herd home ranges of bighorn sheep and were potentially open to pack stock, and, (2) we used Monte Carlo simulations and use-availability analyses to compare the proportion of meadows used by bighorn sheep relative to the proportional occurrence or area of meadows available to bighorn sheep that were used by pack stock. To evaluate potential effects of pack stock on meadow plant communities and SNBS forage, we sampled vegetation in 2011 and 2012 at 100 plots to generate data that allowed us to compare:

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research Original Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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A publication of the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra ... TESTING (VCT) FOR HIV AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN ZAMBIA ... All students were aware of where to go for VCT, and 80% .... attitudes that assure patients that they will be .... them better practitioners, but their awareness of.

Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Luque, Antonio Jesús; Barea-Azcón, José Miguel; Álvarez-Ruiz, Lola; Bonet-García, Francisco Javier; Zamora, Regino

2016-01-01

Abstract In this data paper, a dataset of passerine bird communities is described in Sierra Nevada, a Mediterranean high mountain located in southern Spain. The dataset includes occurrence data from bird surveys conducted in four representative ecosystem types of Sierra Nevada from 2008 to 2015. For each visit, bird species numbers as well as distance to the transect line were recorded. A total of 27847 occurrence records were compiled with accompanying measurements on distance to the transect and animal counts. All records are of species in the order Passeriformes. Records of 16 different families and 44 genera were collected. Some of the taxa in the dataset are included in the European Red List. This dataset belongs to the Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (OBSNEV), a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area. PMID:26865820

Paleozoic-involving thrust array in the central Sierras Interiores (South Pyrenean Zone, Central Pyrenees): regional implications

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, L.; Cuevas, J.; Tubía, J. M.

2012-04-01

This work deals with the structural evolution of the Sierras Interiores between the Tena and Aragon valleys. The Sierras Interiores is a WNW-trending mountain range that bounds the South Pyrenean Zone to the north and that is characterized by a thrust-fold system with a strong lithological control that places preferably decollements in Triassic evaporites. In the studied area of the Sierras Interiores Cenomanian limestones cover discordantly the Paleozoic rocks of the Axial Zone because there is a stratigraphic lacuna developed from Triassic to Late Cretaceous times. A simple lithostratigraphy of the study area is made up of Late Cenomanian to Early Campanian limestones with grey colour and massive aspect in landscape (170 m, Lower calcareous section), Campanian to Maastrichtian brown coloured sandstones (400-600 m, Marboré sandstones) and, finally, Paleocene light-coloured massive limestones (130-230 m), that often generate the higher topographic levels of the Sierras Interiores due to their greater resistance to erosion. Above the sedimentary sequence of the Sierras Interiores, the Jaca Basin flysch succession crops out discordantly. Based on a detailed mapping of the studied area of the Sierras Interiores, together with well and structural data of the Jaca Basin (Lanaja, 1987; Rodríguez and Cuevas, 2008) we have constructed a 12 km long NS cross section, approximately parallel to the movement direction deduced for this region (Rodríguez et al., 2011). The main structure is a thrust array made up of at least four Paleozoic-involving thrusts (the deeper thrust system) of similar thickness in a probably piggyback sequence, some of which are blind thrusts that generate fold-propagation-folds in upper levels. The higher thrust of the thrust array crops out duplicating the lower calcareous section all over the Sierras Interiores. The emplacement of the deeper thrust system generated the tightness of previous structures: south directed piggyback duplexes (the upper

Magmatism and mineralization ages from northeast area of La Sierra de San Luis, Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ulacco, Jose H

2001-01-01

Three igneous rock groups, characterized as pre, sin and post-kinematics, have intruded the crystalline basement of Sierra de San Luis, Argentina. The ore deposits are associated with Devonian to Carboniferous epizonal granite stocks and batholiths in an area underlain by metamorphic rocks. This granitoids are characterized as post-kinematics magmatism. Model lead ages on the ore deposits (338,8 - 292,1 Ma) are strongly supported by K-Ar ages of the intrusives. The bulk of the north Sierra de San Luis ore deposits are genetically related to late Carboniferous granite plutons. The ore bodies are tungsten veins with greisen envelopes, lead veins, epithermal fluorite veins and REE and Th deposit. A generalized scheme of ore bodies related to granites is proposed. The ore deposits and their lithotectonic setting are characteristic of Gondwana metallogenetic Epoch in the Sierra de San Luis (au)

Hydrologic response and watershed sensitivity to climate warming in California's Sierra Nevada.

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Sarah E Null

Full Text Available This study focuses on the differential hydrologic response of individual watersheds to climate warming within the Sierra Nevada mountain region of California. We describe climate warming models for 15 west-slope Sierra Nevada watersheds in California under unimpaired conditions using WEAP21, a weekly one-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. Incremental climate warming alternatives increase air temperature uniformly by 2 degrees, 4 degrees, and 6 degrees C, but leave other climatic variables unchanged from observed values. Results are analyzed for changes in mean annual flow, peak runoff timing, and duration of low flow conditions to highlight which watersheds are most resilient to climate warming within a region, and how individual watersheds may be affected by changes to runoff quantity and timing. Results are compared with current water resources development and ecosystem services in each watershed to gain insight into how regional climate warming may affect water supply, hydropower generation, and montane ecosystems. Overall, watersheds in the northern Sierra Nevada are most vulnerable to decreased mean annual flow, southern-central watersheds are most susceptible to runoff timing changes, and the central portion of the range is most affected by longer periods with low flow conditions. Modeling results suggest the American and Mokelumne Rivers are most vulnerable to all three metrics, and the Kern River is the most resilient, in part from the high elevations of the watershed. Our research seeks to bridge information gaps between climate change modeling and regional management planning, helping to incorporate climate change into the development of regional adaptation strategies for Sierra Nevada watersheds.

Petrography of the Paleogene Volcanic Rocks of the Sierra Maestra, Southeastern Cuba

Science.gov (United States)

Bemis, V. L.

2006-12-01

This study is a petrographic analysis of over 200 specimens of the Paleogene volcanic rocks of the Sierra Maestra (Southerneastern Cuba), a key structure in the framework of the northern Caribbean plate boundary evolution. The purpose of this study is to understand the eruptive processes and the depositional environments. The volcanic sequence in the lower part of the Sierra Maestra begins with highly porphyritic pillow lavas, topped by massive tuffs and autoclastic flows. The presence of broken phenocrystals, palagonitic glass and hyaloclastites in this section of the sequence suggests that the prevalent mode of eruption was explosive. The absence of welding in the tuffs suggests that the rocks were emplaced in a deep submarine environment. Coherent flows, much less common than the massive tuffs, show evidence of autoclastic fracturing, also indicating low temperature-submarine environments. These observations support the hypothesis that the Sierra Maestra sequence may be neither part of the Great Antilles Arc of the Mesozoic nor any other fully developed volcanic arc, rather a 250 km long, submarine eruptive system of dikes, flows and sills, most likely a back-arc structure. The volcanic rocks of the upper sequence are all very fine grained, reworked volcaniclastic materials, often with the structures of distal turbidities, in mode and texture similar to those drilled on the Cayman Rise. This study suggests that the Sierra Maestra most likely records volcanism of diverse sources: a local older submarine source, and one or more distal younger sources, identifiable with the pan-Caribbean volcanic events of the Tertiary.

Discapacidad adquirida y discapacidad sobrevenida: análisis comparativo de la sobrecarga que generan ambas formas de discapacidad en las madres de hijos afectados

OpenAIRE

Suriá Martínez, Raquel

2011-01-01

En los últimos años, el interés por llevar a cabo programas de apoyo para los cuidadores de personas con discapacidad ha incrementado notablemente. Generalmente, las principales protagonistas de esta labor son las madres de hijos con discapacidad. El estudio examina la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas en la salud y sobrecarga que puede suponer un hijo con discapacidad. Asimismo, se compara el impacto que tiene en las madres cuidadoras de hijos con discapacidad la etapa en la que ...

Birds of Sierra de Vallejo, Nayarit, Mexico

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Figueroa-Esquivel, E.M.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Sierra de Vallejo, is considered a priority region for conservation, and is strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures. The inventory of birds are refers to studies in near areas. This study is a concrete contribution of the birds of the mountain chain and north of it. We considered bibliographic records and databases available on the web with records of ocurrence and specimens of scientific collections. Also we perform point counts in different localities inside the reserve. We observed a richness of 261 birds species, the family Tyrannidae is the best represented. Of the species recorded, 177 are permanent residents (31 are endemic and 15 are quasi-endemics to Mexico and 73 are migratory; the remaining eleven records have other status. Also 43 species are in endangered categories. We include species that have not been recorded in the lists of the area and records of species expand their ranges at Nayarit. Due to the great diversity of birds observed, it is necesary to continue the research work about habitat use, abundance and monitoring, it will provides the basis for the conservation of birds of Sierra de Vallejo.

Regeneración endodóntica con células madre

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Elizabeth Santiago Dager

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los procedimientos de regeneración del complejo pulpar están dirigidos a controlar la infección con un mínimo de instrumentos y abundante irrigación, para lo cual se han propuesto varios protocolos con ligeras variantes, sin consenso entre los autores; en el presente artículo se describen y analizan los 3 principales, con especial énfasis en los aspectos menos esclarecidos de un tratamiento fascinante con células madre en la rama de la endodoncia y cuyos avances proporcionan beneficios inestimables a los pacientes en quienes se aplica

Haste makes waste: accelerated molt adversely affects the expression of melanin-based and depigmented plumage ornaments in house sparrows.

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Csongor I Vágási

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Many animals display colorful signals in their integument which convey information about the quality of their bearer. Theoretically, these ornaments incur differential production and/or maintenance costs that enforce their honesty. However, the proximate mechanisms of production costs are poorly understood and contentious in cases of non-carotenoid-based plumage ornaments like the melanin-based badge and depigmented white wing-bar in house sparrows Passer domesticus. Costly life-history events are adaptively separated in time, thus, when reproduction is extended, the time available for molt is curtailed and, in turn, molt rate is accelerated.We experimentally accelerated the molt rate by shortening the photoperiod in order to test whether this environmental constraint is mirrored in the expression of plumage ornaments. Sparrows which had undergone an accelerated molt developed smaller badges and less bright wing-bars compared to conspecifics that molted at a natural rate being held at natural-like photoperiod. There was no difference in the brightness of the badge or the size of the wing-bar.These results indicate that the time available for molt and thus the rate at which molt occurs may constrain the expression of melanin-based and depigmented plumage advertisements. This mechanism may lead to the evolution of honest signaling if the onset of molt is condition-dependent through the timing of and/or trade-off between breeding and molt.

Shedding and serologic responses following primary and secondary inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus.

Science.gov (United States)

Nemeth, Nicole M; Thomas, Nicholas O; Orahood, Darcy S; Anderson, Theodore D; Oesterle, Paul T

2010-10-01

Waterfowl and shorebirds are well-recognized natural reservoirs of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV); however, little is known about the role of passerines in avian influenza virus ecology. Passerines are abundant, widespread, and commonly come into contact with free-ranging birds as well as captive game birds and poultry. We inoculated and subsequently challenged house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with wild-bird origin LPAIV H3N8 to evaluate their potential role in transmission. Oropharyngeal shedding was short lived, and was detected in more starlings (97.2%) than sparrows (47.2%; n=36 of each). Cloacal shedding was rare in both species (8.3%; n=36 of each) and no cage-mate transmission occurred. Infectious LPAIV was cultured from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and gastrointestinal and respiratory tissues from both species. Seroconversion was detected as early as 3 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) (16.7% of sparrows and 0% of starlings; n=6 each); 50% of these individuals seroconverted by 5 d.p.i., and nearly all birds (97%; n=35) seroconverted by 28 d.p.i. In general, pre-existing homologous immunity led to reduced shedding and increased antibody levels within 7 days of challenge. Limited shedding and lack of cage-mate transmission suggest that passerines are not significant reservoirs of LPAIV, although species differences apparently exist. Passerines readily and consistently seroconverted to LPAIV, and therefore inclusion of passerines in epidemiological studies of influenza outbreaks in wildlife and domestic animals may provide further insight into the potential involvement of passerines in avian influenza virus transmission ecology.

77 FR 23476 - Energia Sierra Juarez U.S., LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-19

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. ER12-1470-000] Energia Sierra Juarez U.S., LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for... Energia Sierra Juarez U.S., LLC's application for market-based rate authority, with an accompanying rate...

Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: A synthesis of regional SPARROW model results for the continental United States

Science.gov (United States)

Preston, Stephen D.; Alexander, Richard B.; Schwarz, Gregory E.; Crawford, Charles G.

2011-01-01

We compared the results of 12 recently calibrated regional SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models covering most of the continental United States to evaluate the consistency and regional differences in factors affecting stream nutrient loads. The models - 6 for total nitrogen and 6 for total phosphorus - all provide similar levels of prediction accuracy, but those for major river basins in the eastern half of the country were somewhat more accurate. The models simulate long-term mean annual stream nutrient loads as a function of a wide range of known sources and climatic (precipitation, temperature), landscape (e.g., soils, geology), and aquatic factors affecting nutrient fate and transport. The results confirm the dominant effects of urban and agricultural sources on stream nutrient loads nationally and regionally, but reveal considerable spatial variability in the specific types of sources that control water quality. These include regional differences in the relative importance of different types of urban (municipal and industrial point vs. diffuse urban runoff) and agriculture (crop cultivation vs. animal waste) sources, as well as the effects of atmospheric deposition, mining, and background (e.g., soil phosphorus) sources on stream nutrients. Overall, we found that the SPARROW model results provide a consistent set of information for identifying the major sources and environmental factors affecting nutrient fate and transport in United States watersheds at regional and subregional scales. ?? 2011 American Water Resources Association. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Life-history dependent relationships between body condition and immunity, between immunity indices in male Eurasian tree sparrows.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yuliang; Li, Mo; Sun, Yanfeng; Wu, Wei; Kou, Guanqun; Guo, Lingling; Xing, Danning; Wu, Yuefeng; Li, Dongming; Zhao, Baohua

2017-08-01

In free-living animals, recent evidence indicates that innate, and acquired, immunity varies with annual variation in the demand for, and availability of, food resources. However, little is known about how animals adjust the relationships between immunity and body condition, and between innate and acquired immunity to optimize survival over winter and reproductive success during the breeding stage. Here, we measured indices of body condition (size-corrected mass [SCM], and hematocrit [Hct]), constitutive innate immunity (plasma total complement hemolysis activity [CH 50 ]) and acquired immunity (plasma immunoglobulin A [IgA]), plus heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, in male Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) during the wintering and the breeding stages. We found that birds during the wintering stage had higher IgA levels than those from the breeding stage. Two indices of body condition were both negatively correlated with plasma CH 50 activities, and positively with IgA levels in wintering birds, but this was not the case in the breeding birds. However, there was no correlation between CH 50 activities and IgA levels in both stages. These results suggest that the relationships between body condition and immunity can vary across life-history stage, and there are no correlations between innate and acquired immunity independent of life-history stage, in male Eurasian tree sparrows. Therefore, body condition indices predict immunological state, especially during the non-breeding stage, which can be useful indicators of individual immunocompetences for understanding the variations in innate and acquired immunity in free-living animals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

River transport of mercury from artisanal and small-scale gold mining and risks for dietary mercury exposure in Madre de Dios, Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Diringer, Sarah E; Feingold, Beth J; Ortiz, Ernesto J; Gallis, John A; Araújo-Flores, Julio M; Berky, Axel; Pan, William K Y; Hsu-Kim, Heileen

2015-02-01

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a major contributor to deforestation and the largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric mercury worldwide. Despite significant information on the direct health impacts of mercury to ASGM miners, the impact of mercury contamination on downstream communities has not been well characterized, particularly in Peru's Madre de Dios region. In this area, ASGM has increased significantly since 2000 and has led to substantial political and social controversy. This research examined the spatial distribution and transport of mercury through the Madre de Dios River with distance from ASGM activity. This study also characterized risks for dietary mercury exposure to local residents who depend on fish from the river. River sediment, suspended solids from the water column, and fish samples were collected in 2013 at 62 sites near 17 communities over a 560 km stretch of the Madre de Dios River and its major tributaries. In areas downstream of known ASGM activity, mercury concentrations in sediment, suspended solids, and fish within the Madre de Dios River were elevated relative to locations upstream of mining. Fish tissue mercury concentrations were observed at levels representing a public health threat, with greater than one-third of carnivorous fish exceeding the international health standard of 0.5 mg kg(-1). This study demonstrates that communities located hundreds of kilometers downstream of ASGM activity, including children and indigenous populations who may not be involved in mining, are at risk of dietary mercury exposure that exceed acceptable body burdens. This report represents the first systematic study of the region to aid policy decision-making related to ASGM activities in Peru.

Uranium-lead isotopic ages from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, J.

1982-01-01

This study provides new information on the timing and distribution of Mesozoic magmatic events in the Sierra Nevada batholithic complex chiefly between 36° and 37°N. latitude. U-Pb ages have been determined for 133 zircon and 7 sphene separates from 82 samples of granitoid rocks. Granitoid rocks in this area range in age from 217 to 80 m.y. Triassic intrusions are restricted to the east side of the batholith; Jurassic plutons occur south of the Triassic plutons east of the Sierra Nevada, as isolated masses within the Cretaceous batholith, and in the western foothills of the range; Cretaceous plutons form a continuous belt along the axis of the batholith and occur as isolated masses east of the Sierra Nevada. No granitic intrusions were emplaced for 37 m.y. east of the Sierra Nevada following the end of Jurassic plutonism. However, following emplacement of the eastern Jurassic granitoids, regional extension produced a fracture system at least 350 km long into which the dominantly mafic, calc-alkalic Independence dike swarm was intruded 148 m.y. ago. The dike fractures probably represents a period of regional crustal extension caused by a redistribution of the regional stress pattern accompanying the Nevadan orogeny. Intrusion of Cretaceous granitic plutons began in large volume about 120 m.y. ago in the western Sierra Nevada and migrated steadily eastward for 40 m.y. at a rate of 2.7 mm/y. This slow and constant migration indicates remarkably uniform conditions of subduction with perhaps downward migration of parent magma generation or a slight flattening of the subduction zone. Such steady conditions could be necessary for the production of large batholithic complexes such as the Sierra Nevada. The abrupt termination of plutonism 80 m.y. ago may have resulted from an increased rate of convergence of the American and eastern Pacific plates and dramatic flattening of the subduction zone. U-Pb ages of the Giant Forest-alaskite sequence in Sequoia National Park are

A preliminary floristic inventory in the Sierra de Mazatan, Municipios of Ures and Mazatan, Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Jose Jesus Sanchez-Escalante; Manuel Espericueta-Betancourt; Reyna Amanda Castillo-Gamez

2005-01-01

Presently, the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán contains 357 species of vascular plants distributed in 248 genera and 80 families. The families with the most species are Asteraceae (48), Fabaceae (45), Poaceae (28), Euphorbiaceae (18), and Acanthaceae, Cactaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Solanaceae (11 each). The results show that the flora of the Sierra de Mazat...

Guía de orientación en autoestima a las madres solteras del sector la Unión de la comunidad de Zumbahuayco

OpenAIRE

Fajardo Sánchez, Fidelia Filomena; Fajardo Sánchez, Gloria Teresa

2012-01-01

En el sector la Unión de la comunidad de Zumbahuayco de la provincia del Cañar, zona agrícola habitada por 60 familias aproximadamente, se trabajó con las madres solteras y sus familias; se evidenció cierta resistencia por parte de la comunidad a esta realidad, se identificaron además problemas relacionados con la afectividad, emociones, salud sexual y reproductiva en dicha población. Por lo cual se propone la presente guía de orientación en autoestima para madres solteras, utilizando técnica...

Proliferación y diferenciación osteogénica de células madre mesenquimales en hidrogeles de plasma sanguíneo humano

OpenAIRE

Itali M. Linero; Adriana Doncel; Orlando Chaparro

2014-01-01

Introducción. La utilización de las células madre mesenquimales en la práctica clínica ha aumentado considerablemente en la última década, ya que juegan un papel favorable en los procesos de reparación y regeneración tisular, siendo la principal herramienta de la terapia celular para el tratamiento de enfermedades que afectan funcionalmente el tejido óseo y cartilaginoso. Objetivo. Evaluar la proliferación y capacidad de diferenciación osteogénica in vitro de células madre mesenquimales d...

Lactancia materna: impacto de la consulta de apoyo a la madre que trabaja Breast feeding: impact of the support consultation to the working mother

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Soledad Elgueta Noy

1998-07-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación, descriptiva exploratoria, retrospectiva y transversal, pretende responder el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿ Cuál es el impacto que la Consulta de apoyo a la madre que trabaja, del Centro de Diagnóstico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, tiene en la prolongación de la lactancia materna?. La población estudiada la constituyen 82 madres atendidas en la Consulta de apoyo, durante el período de marzo y septiembre de 1995, de las cuales se tomó una muestra de treinta madres. El impacto de esta consulta fue evaluado a través de un instrumento que se aplicó por entrevista dirigida a cada una de las madres. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente con el programa estadístico EPIINFO, el método de sobre vida de Kaplan-Meier y el test de Mantel-Haenszel para comparar curvas de sobre vida. Al analizar los datos se encontró que las madres estudiadas son en su mayoría adultas jóvenes, con pareja estable, primíparas, con un nivel de educación técnico y/o profesional y que se desempeñan mayoritariamente como empleadas de oficina. Tienen una jornada laboral completa, y existe una diferencia significativa entre el sueldo mínimo y el máximo que perciben. Los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que las madres lograron una lactancia materna exclusiva y edad de destete ideal. El poder de resolución de la Consulta según las madres resultó satisfactorio. El factor reforzador más significativo en relación al aumento de la probabilidad de continuar amamantando, es el apoyo que recibe la madre después de su reincorporación laboral. Finalmente la Consulta tiene un buen impacto.This descriptive, exploratory, retrospective and transversal investigation tries to answer the following questionnaire: What is the impact that the Support Consultation to the working mother -Diagnosis Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile- has on breast-feeding prolongation? The population that has been

Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry and tectonics during subduction and rifting in Sierra Santa Ursula, Sonora, Northwestern Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mora-Klepeis, G.

2000-01-01

The western margin of North America was affected by a convergent plate boundary from the Cretaceous through the Early Tertiary. Volcanic rocks produced by subduction-related arc magmatism in northwestern Mexico are concentrated in two northwest-trending belts subparallel to the continental margin. One of these is the Sierra Madre Occidental, where mid-Tertiary magmatism consisted mostly of calc-alkaline rhyolitic ignimbrite and minor andesite produced between ∼ 46 and 28 Ma (McDowell et al., 1990). The second (younger) northwest-trending belt is located along the eastern margin of the Baja California Peninsula and in the Gulf of California region of mainland Mexico. This belt is composed mostly of andesite, but includes some basalt and dacite whose ages range from about 24 to 11 Ma (Hausback, 1984). A transition to rifting began after a mid-Tertiary cessation of subduction, eventually creating the Gulf of California extensional province. Four markedly different magma types comprising mainly tholeiitic and alkalic rocks and minor calc-alkaline and peralkaline rocks were erupted throughout the last 13 Ma and record the history of rifting of the Gulf of California (Sawlan, 1991). The aim of the present paper is to distinguish the nature of the 24-8.5 Ma magmatism emplaced on the eastern side of the Gulf of California in the state of Sonora, by the use of stratigraphic, geochemical and isotopic data. Preliminary Sr and Nd results show that three groups of magmas are present in the area suggesting a heterogeneous source. This can be interpreted as the result of magmas being erupted at different stages of subduction and rifting during the tectonic evolution of this part on North America

Pesticides, maternal and child health: experience and the construction of knowledge among the Huichol.

OpenAIRE

Gamlin, J. B.

2013-01-01

Pesticides can be harmful to the reproductive process and even low dose exposures can lead to miscarriage, developmental delays and birth defects. Huichol indians from the Sierra Madre highlands in northern Mexico supplement their subsistence lifestyle with annual migration to coastal tobacco farms, where they are exposed to the many pesticides that are used in the production process. The specific working and living conditions that they experience combined with cultural, economic and social f...

Padres o madres migrantes internacionales y su familia: Oportunidades y nuevos desafíos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz María López Montaño

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo analizamos las implicaciones de la migración internacional en la satisfacción de necesidades y en las interacciones familiares, cuando el padre o la madre emigran y sus hijos e hijas, niños, niñas o adolescentes quedan a cargo de otros parientes. Se reconoce la migración como una oportunidad que facilita el acceso a recursos económicos, vía remesas, con los cuales se suplen requerimientos de subsistencia (alimentación, educación, salud, abrigo de las familias, y que genera nuevas dinámicas en el cuidado a través de la red familiar (abuela, madre, tía como apoyo material y afectivo. Obtuvimos los datos de cien familias de los nueve municipios de la Región Eje Cafetero Colombiano, con mayor participación de hogares con emigrante; aplicamos entrevista a profundidad en trabajo de campo a cuidadores, cuidadoras y menores, en zonas urbanas. En el artículo exponemos las características de las familias, la satisfacción de necesidades, los sentimientos y emociones en las interacciones, las prácticas de cuidado, y algunas discusiones a considerar en futuros estudios. .

Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections

Science.gov (United States)

Das, T.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R.; Hidalgo, H.G.

2011-01-01

California's mountainous topography, exposure to occasional heavily moisture-laden storm systems, and varied communities and infrastructures in low lying areas make it highly vulnerable to floods. An important question facing the state-in terms of protecting the public and formulating water management responses to climate change-is "how might future climate changes affect flood characteristics in California?" To help address this, we simulate floods on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the state's primary catchment, based on downscaled daily precipitation and temperature projections from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). These climate projections are fed into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, and the VIC-simulated streamflows and hydrologic conditions, from historical and from projected climate change runs, allow us to evaluate possible changes in annual maximum 3-day flood magnitudes and frequencies of floods. By the end of the 21st Century, all projections yield larger-than-historical floods, for both the Northern Sierra Nevada (NSN) and for the Southern Sierra Nevada (SSN). The increases in flood magnitude are statistically significant (at p models, while under the third scenario, GFDL CM2. 1, frequencies remain constant or decline slightly, owing to an overall drying trend. These increases appear to derive jointly from increases in heavy precipitation amount, storm frequencies, and days with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow. Increases in antecedent winter soil moisture also play a role in some areas. Thus, a complex, as-yet unpredictable interplay of several different climatic influences threatens to cause increased flood hazards in California's complex western Sierra landscapes. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

En búsqueda de marcadores de celulas madre mesenquimales de la pulpa dental

OpenAIRE

Merino, Graciela; Dewey, Ricardo; Mayocchi, Karina; Butler, Teresa Adela; Dorati, Pablo; Basal, Roxana Lía; Paggi, Ricardo; Cantarini, Martín; Pinola, Lidia; Micinquevich, Susana

2016-01-01

Al plantearse aislar y cultivar células madre de la pulpa dental, es Importante conocer sus características morfológicas, inmunohistoquímica, ultraestructurales y moleculares. Respecto a la inmunohistoquímica se conocen moléculas marcadoras ubicadas en la superficie celular. Ellas tienen la propiedad de reconocer determinados anticuerpos. Las siglas utilizadas para su Identificación se reconocen como CD (Cluster of Differentiation). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar una tabla, en b...

Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Fram, Miranda S.; Belitz, Kenneth

2014-01-01

Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Sierra Nevada Regional study unit constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.

Intención de colecho en el puerperio según características sociodemográficas de las madres: ¿Qué podemos recomendar los profesionales de enfermería?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª Teresa Roldán-Chicano

Full Text Available Justificación: El colecho es una práctica muy extendida en algunos entornos culturales, sin embargo diferentes investigaciones presentan resultados muy contradictorios respecto a los beneficios y riesgos de compartir el lecho con el lactante. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia en la intención de practicar colecho entre madres que están en la planta de maternidad (puerperio inmediato e intermedio, y relacionarla con sus características sociodemográficas. Diseño-metodología: Estudio transversal de prevalencia realizado en una muestra de 384 madres: españolas, marroquíes y ecuatorianas. Para determinar el grado de asociación entre variables categóricas se utilizó el test de la Chi-cuadrado. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v.13. Resultados y conclusiones: Un 12% de las madres encuestadas tienen intención de practicar colecho esporádico o permanente. Las madres inmigrantes y las que tienen más hijos fueron las que más optaron por compartir el lecho con el lactante en el ámbito doméstico. Comparando nuestros resultados con los de otras investigaciones, podemos afirmar que algunas madres, aunque no tengan intención de practicar colecho, finalmente lo llevan a la práctica sin haber recibido por parte del profesional sanitario ningún consejo para que se lleve a cabo con unas condiciones de seguridad aceptables.

Good laboratory practices guarantee biosafety in the Sierra Leone-China friendship biosafety laboratory.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Qin; Zhou, Wei-Min; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Huan-Yu; Du, Hai-Jun; Nie, Kai; Song, Jing-Dong; Xiao, Kang; Lei, Wen-Wen; Guo, Jian-Qiang; Wei, He-Jiang; Cai, Kun; Wang, Yan-Hai; Wu, Jiang; Kamara, Gerard; Kamara, Idrissa; Wei, Qiang; Liang, Mi-Fang; Wu, Gui-Zhen; Dong, Xiao-Ping

2016-06-23

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa between 2014 and 2015 was the largest EDV epidemic since the identification of Ebola virus (EBOV) in 1976, and the countries most strongly affected were Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia. The Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory (SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab), a fixed Biosafety Level 3 laboratory in the capital city of Sierra Leone, was established by the Chinese government and has been active in EBOV detection since 11 March 2015. Complete management and program documents were created for the SLE-CHN Biosafety Lab, and it was divided into four zones (the green, yellow, brown, and red zones) based on the risk assessment. Different types of safe and appropriate personnel protection equipment (PPE) are used in different zones of the laboratory, and it fully meets the Biosafety Level 3 laboratory standards of the World Health Organization. Good preparedness, comprehensive risk assessment and operation documents, appropriate PPE, effective monitoring and intensive training, together with well-designed and reasonable laboratory sectioning are essential for guaranteeing biosafety.

IMPLICANCIA DE LA SALUD PSICOSOCIAL DE LA MADRE ADOLESCENTE EN EL DESARROLLO DEL NIÑO/A Y LA RELACION MADRE-HIJO/A A LOS 24 MESES DE VIDA

OpenAIRE

ALAMO ANICH; NICOLLE ANETTE; ALAMO ANICH; NICOLLE ANETTE

2011-01-01

El estudio busca determinar cómo se relaciona la Salud Psicosocial (salud mental y bienestar psicosocial) de la madre adolescente con el desarrollo socioemocional y de lenguaje del niño/a y con la relación que se establece entre ambos a los 24 meses de vida, visto desde una evaluación profesional externa y la propia perspectiva de la joven. Se utilizó un diseño mixto, combinando e integrando datos y métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En el primer caso se utilizó un diseño correlacional ...

Espacio urbano, espacio del consumo en las crónicas norteamericanas de Justo Sierra

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Cristina Beatriz Fernández

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las crónicas de viaje de Justo Sierra, escritas en ocasión de su visita a los Estados Unidos a finales del siglo XIX, con énfasis en las dedicadas a la ciudad de Nueva York. En ellas, centramos nuestra atención en el registro textual de fenómenos relacionados con la forma en que Sierra percibe la modernidad norteamericana, especialmente significativa en lo que hace a la relación entre economía y sociedad. Por ello, atendemos particularmente la configuración del espacio urbano como un escenario del consumo, y procuramos demostrar cómo la constitución física y simbólica de las ciudades muestra rasgos de parentesco con esos eventos típicos de la época que fueron las ferias y exposiciones, las cuales también son objeto de la prosa de Sierra.

IMPACTO DE LAS BRECHAS DE GÉNERO Y GENERACIONAL EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ACTITUDES EN PADRES Y MADRES FRENTE A LAS INNOVACIONES COEDUCATIVAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramón Pacheco González Piñal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por finalidad reconocer indicadores de la predisposición actitudinal con la que familiares y alumnado cooperan, mantienen, o se oponen a la construcción de una nueva cultura de género en el ámbito escolar, como garante de una igualdad educativa real para hijos e hijas. Por tanto, analizamos actitudes de género en el seno de la familia a nivel intra e intergrupal (padres/madres e hijos/hijas en su vínculo con la escuela coeducativa, considerando tanto la brecha de género como la intergeneracional, todo ello vinculado a la doble presencia y rol de estos agentes en las dos instituciones implicadas por antonomasia en la educación: familia y escuela. Con un diseño de tipo survey, aplicando escalas likert a una muestra de 1350 personas (627 padres y madres; 723 hijos e hijas, se describen posiciones (BLOQUEADORAS / ADAPTATIVAS / COEDUCATIVAS y se comparan grados de actitud ante la construcción de género, confrontando grupos madres/hijas, padres/hijos, madres/hijos, padres/hijas…, en base a una lógica comparativo-causal ex post facto que considera tanto el contraste de género como el contraste inter-generacional para dimensionar ambas "brechas". Los resultados maximizan la importancia de la brecha de género en la familia; especialmente, destacan las bajas actitudes de los varones (padres e hijos en el plano relacional, en el cual los hijos varones llegan a ostentar posicionamientos bloqueadores.

Indigenous knowledge in cattle breeding in Sierra Leone | Abdul ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study was conducted in order to document and preserve valuable indigenous knowledge in cattle breeding and production under traditional cattle production system in Sierra Leone. Data were collected from thirty (30) cattle farms from three locations: Gbindi (16 farms), Sackelereh (7 farms), and Flamansa (7 farms) in ...

Percepción de las madres del estado nutricional de sus niños en una escuela primaria de Cachi (Salta, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giordano Sergio A.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la infancia ha aumentado en estas últimas décadas. La percepción distorsionada de las madres sobre la imagen corporal y los hábitos alimentarios de sus hijos son predictores de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los objetivos de este  trabajo fueron determinar la percepción materna del estado nutricional de sus hijos y compararlo con el estado nutricional evaluado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal a 35 madres y sus respectivos hijos que asisten al primer grado de la escuela Victorino de la Plaza  en la localidad de Cachi. Las variables fueron edad, sexo, estado nutricional, circunferencia de cintura, percepción materna del estado nutricional de sus hijos, opinión sobre el estado  nutricional y percepción  materna de la  salud en relación con el estado nutricional. Resultados: se pudo observar que el estado nutricional de los 35 niños fue 63% normopeso,  11% bajo peso; 20% sobrepeso, y el 6% obesidad. La alteración de la percepción materna del estado nutricional fue significativamente mayor en los  niños con exceso de peso. Discusión: Las madres de hijos con sobrepeso y obesidad presentan una distorsión de la imagen corporal de sus niños, en un predominio mayor que las que se presentan en niños con normopeso. Se resalta la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de sobrepeso en niños y la necesidad de su reconocimiento por parte de sus madres.

Spatiotemporal patterns of fault slip rates across the Central Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone

Science.gov (United States)

Rood, Dylan H.; Burbank, Douglas W.; Finkel, Robert C.

2011-01-01

Patterns in fault slip rates through time and space are examined across the transition from the Sierra Nevada to the Eastern California Shear Zone-Walker Lane belt. At each of four sites along the eastern Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone between 38 and 39° N latitude, geomorphic markers, such as glacial moraines and outwash terraces, are displaced by a suite of range-front normal faults. Using geomorphic mapping, surveying, and 10Be surface exposure dating, mean fault slip rates are defined, and by utilizing markers of different ages (generally, ~ 20 ka and ~ 150 ka), rates through time and interactions among multiple faults are examined over 10 4-10 5 year timescales. At each site for which data are available for the last ~ 150 ky, mean slip rates across the Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone have probably not varied by more than a factor of two over time spans equal to half of the total time interval (~ 20 ky and ~ 150 ky timescales): 0.3 ± 0.1 mm year - 1 (mode and 95% CI) at both Buckeye Creek in the Bridgeport basin and Sonora Junction; and 0.4 + 0.3/-0.1 mm year - 1 along the West Fork of the Carson River at Woodfords. Data permit rates that are relatively constant over the time scales examined. In contrast, slip rates are highly variable in space over the last ~ 20 ky. Slip rates decrease by a factor of 3-5 northward over a distance of ~ 20 km between the northern Mono Basin (1.3 + 0.6/-0.3 mm year - 1 at Lundy Canyon site) to the Bridgeport Basin (0.3 ± 0.1 mm year - 1 ). The 3-fold decrease in the slip rate on the Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone northward from Mono Basin is indicative of a change in the character of faulting north of the Mina Deflection as extension is transferred eastward onto normal faults between the Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane belt. A compilation of regional deformation rates reveals that the spatial pattern of extension rates changes along strike of the Eastern California Shear Zone-Walker Lane belt. South of the Mina Deflection

El basamento de la sierra de San Luis: Nuevas evidencias magnéticas y sus implicancias tectónicas The basement of Sierra de San Luis: New magnetic evidence and tectonic implication

OpenAIRE

CJ Chernicoff; VA Ramos

2003-01-01

Los mapas aeromagnéticos disponibles de las sierras de San Luis y Comechingones en el sector sudoriental de las Sierras Pampeanas de Argentina, permiten examinar las características geológicas y estructurales de las unidades metamórficas e intrusivas del basamento de la región. A través de la aplicación del filtro de continuación ascendente a los datos del campo magnético total reducido al polo, se ha podido observar la configuración profunda de las distintas unidades. Entre ellas se destaca ...

Military Interventions in Sierra Leone: Lessons from a Failed State

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Woods, Larry J; Reese, Timothy R

2008-01-01

This study by Larry J. Woods and Colonel Timothy R. Reese analyzes the massive turmoil afflicting the nation of Sierra Leone, 1993-2002, and the efforts by a variety of outside forces to bring lasting stability to that small country...

Birds of Sierra de Vallejo, Nayarit, Mexico

OpenAIRE

Figueroa-Esquivel, E.M.; Puebla-Olivares, F

2014-01-01

Sierra de Vallejo, is considered a priority region for conservation, and is strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures. The inventory of birds are refers to studies in near areas. This study is a concrete contribution of the birds of the mountain chain and north of it. We considered bibliographic records and databases available on the web with records of ocurrence and specimens of scientific collections. Also we perform point counts in different localities inside the...

The geodynamic evolution of the eastern Sierras Pampeanas based on geochemical, Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb and SHRIMP data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Drobe, M; Lopez de Luchi, M; Steenken, A

2011-01-01

, have been carried out to unravel the provenance and the geodynamic history of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Central Argentina. The geochemical and the Sm–Nd data point to a slightly stronger mafic and less-fractionated material in the provenance area of the Sierras de Co´rdoba when compared...

Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and K-Ar age constraints of the El Molle and Barroso plutons, western Sierra de San Luis, Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, A.M.; Gonzalez, P.D; Petronilho, L.A; Llambias, E.J.; Varela, R; Basei, M.A.S

2001-01-01

Within the Early Paleozoic Famatinian orogeny of Southern Sierras Pampeanas (Sierra de San Luis and Sierra de Cordoba), the post-orogenic granitoids are characterized by circular intrusions. The published Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages from plutons in the Sierra de San Luis range between 408 and 320 Ma (see synthesis in Llambias et al., 1998). The El Molle and Barroso plutons (Sims et al., 1997; Gonzalez and Sato, 2000) are the two main exposures of a post-orogenic intrusive complex located in the western area of the Sierra de San Luis basement. They also exhibit an overall circular map view of almost 8 km in diameter, and are emplaced in a metamorphic complex developed through pre-Famatinian (Proterozoic? to Early Paleozoic) to Famatinian (Early Paleozoic) orogenies (Gonzalez and Llambias, 1998; von Gosen and Prozzi, 1998). We are carrying out isotopic datings of the El Molle and Barroso plutons in order to contribute to the understanding of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the final stages of the Famatinian orogenic cycle in the Sierra de San Luis. The first results of the Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and K-Ar dates are here presented (au)

Construcción de una nueva narrativa de la realidad familiar de las madres solteras del Centro Educativo Carlos Zambrano en el año 2009

OpenAIRE

Collaguazo Quizhpi, Sandra Adelayda

2010-01-01

El estudio investigativo se realiza con el propósito de conocer la realidad familiar de las madres solteras y, desde un proceso de intervención, construir una nueva narrativa; se ejecuta en el Centro Educativo Carlos Zambrano durante al año 2009. La investigación se enmarca en una perspectiva sistémica, utilizando el enfoque estructural para analizar la estructura familiar y el narrativo con sus diversas fases aplicadas en la intervención, para resignificar la realidad de las madres so...

Chronic stress alters concentrations of corticosterone receptors in a tissue-specific manner in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

Science.gov (United States)

Lattin, Christine R; Romero, L Michael

2014-07-15

The physiological stress response results in release of glucocorticoid hormones such as corticosterone (CORT). Whereas short-term activation of this response helps animals cope with environmental stressors, chronic activation can result in negative effects including metabolic dysregulation and reproductive failure. However, there is no consensus hormonal profile of a chronically stressed animal, suggesting that researchers may need to look beyond hormone titers to interpret the impacts of chronic stress. In this study, we brought wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) into captivity. We then compared glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor concentrations in sparrows exposed either to a standardized chronic stress protocol (n=26) or to standard husbandry conditions (controls; n=20). We used radioligand binding assays to quantify receptors in whole brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, gonads, gastrocnemius and pectoralis muscle, omental and subcutaneous fat, and bib and back skin. In most tissues, CORT receptors did not differ between controls and stressed animals, although we found marginal increases in receptor density in kidney and testes in stressed birds at some time points. Only in pectoralis muscle was there a robust effect of chronic stress, with both receptor types higher in stressed animals. Increased pectoralis sensitivity to CORT with chronic stress may be part of the underlying mechanism for muscle wasting in animals administered exogenous CORT. Furthermore, the change in pectoralis was not paralleled by gastrocnemius receptors. This difference may help explain previous reports of a greater effect of CORT on pectoralis than on other muscle types, and indicate that birds use this muscle as a protein reserve. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Niveles sanguíneos de plomo en neonatos hijos de madres consumidoras de "basuco": estudio comparativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Piedad Restrepo

1988-02-01

durante el embarazo podría tener tal efecto en los recién nacidos de madres consumidoras. Se midieron las concentraciones de plomo sérico en 19 recién nacidos hijos de gestantes consumidoras de basuco y en 18 de sus madres, así como en 20 parturientas no consumidoras y en 19 de sus hijos. Se utilizó un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica Perkin-Elmer modelo 2380. las madres se dividieron en 4 grupos según el grado de consumo, así: leve, moderado, intenso y ninguno. las cifras promedio y las DE encontradas fueron respectivamente: en los hijos: 13.5 ± 9.4; 15.8± 6.5; 16.6± 7.8; 6.9± 5.0 ug/dl y, en las madres, 13.3±4.6; 13.5±6.9; 16.2±4.9; 8.4± 4.6 ug/dl. Las pruebas estadísticas demostraron diferencias altamente significativas entre las madres e hijos expuestos al basuco y la cohorte no expuesta; no existió diferencia entre las concentraciones según el grado de consumo. Los altos niveles de plomo detectados ameritan seguimiento de los recién nacidos y estudios adicionales, con el fin de evaluar su repercusión a largo plazo.

The songbird as a percussionist: syntactic rules for non-vocal sound and song production in Java sparrows.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masayo Soma

Full Text Available Music and dance are two remarkable human characteristics that are closely related. Communication through integrated vocal and motional signals is also common in the courtship displays of birds. The contribution of songbird studies to our understanding of vocal learning has already shed some light on the cognitive underpinnings of musical ability. Moreover, recent pioneering research has begun to show how animals can synchronize their behaviors with external stimuli, like metronome beats. However, few studies have applied such perspectives to unraveling how animals can integrate multimodal communicative signals that have natural functions. Additionally, studies have rarely asked how well these behaviors are learned. With this in mind, here we cast a spotlight on an unusual animal behavior: non-vocal sound production associated with singing in the Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora, a songbird. We show that male Java sparrows coordinate their bill-click sounds with the syntax of their song-note sequences, similar to percussionists. Analysis showed that they produced clicks frequently toward the beginning of songs and before/after specific song notes. We also show that bill-clicking patterns are similar between social fathers and their sons, suggesting that these behaviors might be learned from models or linked to learning-based vocalizations. Individuals untutored by conspecifics also exhibited stereotypical bill-clicking patterns in relation to song-note sequence, indicating that while the production of bill clicking itself is intrinsic, its syncopation appears to develop with songs. This paints an intriguing picture in which non-vocal sounds are integrated with vocal courtship signals in a songbird, a model that we expect will contribute to the further understanding of multimodal communication.

Song competition affects monoamine levels in sensory and motor forebrain regions of male Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kendra B Sewall

Full Text Available Male animals often change their behavior in response to the level of competition for mates. Male Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii modulate their competitive singing over the period of a week as a function of the level of challenge associated with competitors' songs. Differences in song challenge and associated shifts in competitive state should be accompanied by neural changes, potentially in regions that regulate perception and song production. The monoamines mediate neural plasticity in response to environmental cues to achieve shifts in behavioral state. Therefore, using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, we compared levels of monoamines and their metabolites from male Lincoln's sparrows exposed to songs categorized as more or less challenging. We compared levels of norepinephrine and its principal metabolite in two perceptual regions of the auditory telencephalon, the caudomedial nidopallium and the caudomedial mesopallium (CMM, because this chemical is implicated in modulating auditory sensitivity to song. We also measured the levels of dopamine and its principal metabolite in two song control nuclei, area X and the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA, because dopamine is implicated in regulating song output. We measured the levels of serotonin and its principal metabolite in all four brain regions because this monoamine is implicated in perception and behavioral output and is found throughout the avian forebrain. After controlling for recent singing, we found that males exposed to more challenging song had higher levels of norepinephrine metabolite in the CMM and lower levels of serotonin in the RA. Collectively, these findings are consistent with norepinephrine in perceptual brain regions and serotonin in song control regions contributing to neuroplasticity that underlies socially-induced changes in behavioral state.

The mechanical influence of continental topography on the trajectories of tropical cyclones near the west coast of Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zavala Sanson, L. [Departamento de Oceanografia Fisica, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico)

2004-07-01

The evolution of tropical cyclonic vortices on the eastern North Pacific is examined by means of a barotropic model with an idealized continental topography. The aim of the study is to investigate the trajectories of cyclones in this area affected by both the topography and the planetary {beta} effects. The topographic {beta} effect is mainly due to the ascending slope of the orography, and induces the vortex to drift towards local northwest direction, which coincides with the geographical northwest (because of the topography orientation). As a result, the vortex drift is clearly enhanced when both effects are considered. The precise direction of the trajectory depends on the initial geographical position with respect to the continent. Vortices initialized at southeastern areas (around 12{center_dot} N, 95{center_dot} W) are deflected by the Sierra Madre del Sur more to the west, following a trajectory almost parallel to the continent. For vortices initialized at 15{center_dot} N or more, their drift is mainly due to the planetary {beta} effect, although eventually they are attracted towards the Sierra Madre Occidental at higher latitudes. These conclusion suggest the possible influence of orography on the trajectories of real tropical cyclones in this area. [Spanish] La evolucion de ciclones tropicales en el Pacifico Norte oriental es estudiada por medio de un modelo barotropico con topografia continental. El objetivo es investigar la trayectoria de vortices ciclonicos en esta area cuando son afectados solamente por los efectos {beta} planetario y topografico. Este ultimo se deba a la pendiente de la orografia continental e induce la deriva del vortice en la direccion noroeste local, la cual coincide con el noroeste geografico (debido a la orientacion de la topografia). Un claro resultado de la combinacion de estos dos mecanismos es el aumento de la rapidez de derivada del ciclon. La direccion precisa de la trayectoria depende de la posicion inicial con respecto

Characterising rock fracture aperture-spacing relationships using power-law relationships: some considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Brook, Martin; Hebblewhite, Bruce; Mitra, Rudrajit

2016-04-01

The size-scaling of rock fractures is a well-studied problem in geology, especially for permeability quantification. The intensity of fractures may control the economic exploitation of fractured reservoirs because fracture intensity describes the abundance of fractures potentially available for fluid flow. Moreover, in geotechnical engineering, fractures are important for parameterisation of stress models and excavation design. As fracture data is often collected from widely-spaced boreholes where core recovery is often incomplete, accurate interpretation and representation of fracture aperture-frequency relationships from sparse datasets is important. Fracture intensity is the number of fractures encountered per unit length along a sample scanline oriented perpendicular to the fractures in a set. Cumulative frequency of fractures (F) is commonly related to fracture aperture (A) in the form of a power-law (F = aA-b), with variations in the size of the a coefficient between sites interpreted to equate to fracture frequency for a given aperture (A). However, a common flaw in this approach is that even a small change in b can have a large effect on the response of the fracture frequency (F) parameter. We compare fracture data from the Late Permian Rangal Coal Measures from Australia's Bowen Basin, with fracture data from Jurassic carbonates from the Sierra Madre Oriental, northeastern Mexico. Both power-law coefficient a and exponent b control the fracture aperture-frequency relationship in conjunction with each other; that is, power-laws with relatively low a coefficients have relatively high b exponents and vice versa. Hence, any comparison of different power-laws must take both a and b into consideration. The corollary is that different sedimentary beds in the Sierra Madre carbonates do not show ˜8× the fracture frequency for a given fracture aperture, as based solely on the comparison of coefficient a. Rather, power-law "sensitivity factors" developed from both

Regional Heat Flow Map and the Continental Thermal Isostasy Understanding of México

Science.gov (United States)

Espinoza-Ojeda, O. M.; Harris, R. N.

2014-12-01

The first heat flow values made in Mexico were reported by Von Herzen [Science, 1963] for the marine environment and Smith [EPSL, 1974] for the continent. Since that time the number of measurements has increased greatly but are mostly from oil and gas exploration and in and around geothermal areas. We have compiled published values of conductive heat flow for Mexico and the Gulf of California to generate a new regional heat flow map consisting of 261 values. In addition to those original values, published heat flow sources include, Lee and Henyey [JGR, 1975], Lawver and Williams [JGR, 1979] Smith et al. [JGR, 1979], Lachenbruch et al. [JGR, 1985], and Ziagos et al. [JGR, 1985]. Although the geographic distribution is uneven, heat flow data are present in each of the eight main tectonic provinces. Our new compilation indicates relatively high regional heat flow averages in the Gulf Extensional Province (n=114, 92±22 mW/m2) and Mexican Basin and Range (n=21, 82±20 mW/m2) and are consistent with geologic estimates of extension. Lower regional averages are found in the Baja California Microplate (n=91, 75±19 mW/m2), the Sierra Madre Occidental (n=9, 75±12 mW/m2), the Sierra Madre Oriental (n=4, 68±15 mW/m2) and Mesa Central (n=X 77±23 mW/m2). In contrast low and variable heat flow value characterize the forearc region of the Middle America Trench (n=6, 35±16 mW/m2). A higher mean heat flow is associated with the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (n=6, 78±26 mW/m2). Continental elevation results from a combination of buoyancy (i.e. compositional and thermal) and geodynamic forces. We combine these regional heat flow values with estimates of crustal thickness and density for each tectonic province and compute the thermal and compositional buoyancy following the approach of Hasterok and Chapman [JGR, 2007a,b]. We find that within uncertainties most provinces lie near the theoretical isostatic relationship with the exception of the Mesa Central and Sierra Madre del Sur

Making up for lost snow: lessons from a warming Sierra Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Bales, R. C.

2017-12-01

Snowpack- and glacier-dependent river basins are home to over 1.2 billion people, one-sixth of the world's current population. These areas face severe challenges in a warmer climate, as declines in snow resources put more pressure on dams and groundwater. Closer to home, the seasonal snowpacks in California's Sierra Nevada provide water storage to both sustain productive forests and support the world's 6th largest economy. Rivers draining the Sierra supply the state's large cities, plus agricultural areas that provide nearly half of the nation's fruits and vegetables. Water storage is central to water security, especially given California's hot dry summers and high interannual variability in precipitation. On average seasonal snowpacks store about half as much water as do dams on Sierra rivers; and both the magnitude and duration of snowpack storage are decreasing. Precipitation amount and snow accumulation across the mountains in any given day, month or year remain uncertain. As historical index-statistical methods for hydrologic forecasts give way to tools based on mass and energy balances distributed across the landscape, opportunities are arising to broadly implement spatial measurements of snowpack storage and the equally important regolith-water storage. Advances in applying satellite and aircraft remote sensing, plus spatially distributed wireless-sensor networks, are filling this need. These same unprecedented data are driving process understanding to improve knowledge of snow-energy-forest interactions, snowmelt estimates, and hydrologic forecasts for hydropower, water supply, and flood control. Estimating the value of snowpacks and how they are changing provides a baseline for evaluating investments in restoration of headwater forests that will affect snowmelt runoff, and in providing replacement storage as snow declines. With California facing billions of dollars of green and grey infrastructure improvements, which must be compatible with the state

Terapia con células madre en cirrosis = Stem cell therapy in cirrhosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Londoño Agudelo, Jessica María

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre las células madre como terapia para la cirrosis hepática, con énfasis en describir la situación científica actual y las implicaciones clínicas de los avances. Se ha propuesto la terapia celular en cirrosis por la escasez de donantes de hígado y las complicaciones derivadas de la terapia inmunosupresora. Las células madre se pueden obtener de diferentes fuentes como el blastocisto, la médula ósea e incluso hepatocitos maduros; pero la capacidad de proliferación y diferenciación de cada uno de estos tipos celulares es distinta y, entre otras consideraciones, es lo que va a definir su utilidad clínica final. En la literatura se encuentran varios estudios en modelos animales y en seres humanos que evalúan la seguridad y factibilidad de esta técnica en cuanto a la mejoría de la fibrosis, la capacidad de diferenciación y replicación celulares y algunos parámetros clínicos. Los resultados, aunque alentadores, se deben interpretar con cuidado. En conclusión, antes de aceptar esta modalidad terapéutica se requieren estudios de mejor calidad y con homogeneidad metodológica porque su uso aún es controversial.

Ecología de la fauna silvestre de la sierra nevada y la Sierra del Ajusco

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D. Granados Sánchez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio sobre la fauna silvestre de la Sierra del Ajusco y la Sierra Nevada, localizadas dentro de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (FVT, en la porción oriental del límite meridional de la Cuenca de México. La enorme riqueza biológica de esta zona que rodea la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México, uno de los mayores complejos urbanos del mundo, ha sobrevivido durante décadas al impacto de la urbanización de las áreas forestales, explotación de recursos naturales, contaminación, cacería, incendios y pastoreo. A pesar de esto, se desconocen muchos de los factores que regulan la dinámica de los ecosistemas en esta región. Con relación a la fauna silvestre la carencia de información es mucho más evidente, aspectos elementales como la diversidad de especies, las interacciones ecológicas, la función de los organismos en el ecosistema, las condiciones de estrés a que están sometidos, han sido poco explorados. En esta investigación se recurrió a observaciones de campo y a la consulta de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas para estimar la riqueza de especies de mamíferos, aves, reptiles y anfibios; las relaciones ecológicas entre los mismos y las consecuencias de la modificación de su hábitat producto de las actividades humanas.

Retos y estrategias para el cuidado infantil de las madres trabajadoras en la industria maquiladora de Apodaca, Nuevo León

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Jesús Rubio Campos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los retos para el cuidado infantil que enfrentan las madres trabajadoras en la industria maquiladora y las estrategias que utilizan para poder compaginar el mundo laboral y familiar, para lo cual se utilizó una metodología de investigación primordialmente cualitativa, mediante un estudio de caso en la ciudad industrial de Apodaca, Nuevo León. El caso fue construido a partir de investigación documental, observación en campo y entrevistas semi estructuradas con madres trabajadoras en las maquiladoras y personal de recursos humanos. Se encontró que existe un déficit importante en la capacidad instalada de las estancias infantiles en Apodaca, además de problemas de acceso, como lejanía y horarios, por lo que las madres tienen que hacer uso de otro tipo de estancias o cuidados informales por medio de vecinos y familiares, erogando dinero extra que disminuye su ingreso disponible o las aleja del mercado laboral. Lo anterior, condiciona la óptima participación de las mujeres dentro del modelo maquilador, la posibilidad de compaginar su mundo del trabajo con el familiar, e incide sobre la calidad de la atención brindada a los infantes en esta importante etapa de su vida.

Failure of Sierra White granite under general states of stress

Science.gov (United States)

Ingraham, M. D.; Dewers, T. A.; Lee, M.; Holdman, O.; Cheung, C.; Haimson, B. C.

2017-12-01

The effect of the intermediate principal stress on the failure of Sierra White granite was investigated by performing tests under true triaxial states of stress. Tests were performed under constant Lode angle conditions with Lode angles ranging from 0 to 30°, pure shear to axisymmetric compression. Results show that the failure of Sierra White granite is heavily dependent on the intermediate principal stress which became more dramatic as the mean stress increased. An analysis of the shear bands formed at failure was performed using an associated flow rule and the Rudnicki and Rice (1975) localization criteria. The localization analysis showed excellent agreement with experimental results. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Diseño de materiales gráficos para ayudar a salvar las barreras físicas y culturales que enfrentan las madres sonorenses al amamantar

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Adriana V. Bolaños

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El amamantamiento es esencial para alimentar al lactante; si embargo, diversos factores económicos y socioculturales influyen para coartarlo. Es importante identificarlos para desarrollar estrategias de promoción. El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar y evaluar materiales de consejería, apropiados culturalmente y basados en las barreras que enfrentan madres sonorenses para iniciar y mantener el amamantamiento. Se dio seguimiento y apoyo a un grupo de madres (n = 91 durante cinco meses desde su egreso hospitalario, registrando los motivos por los que se abandona el amamantamiento total o parcialmente. Con esto, se diseñaron cinco materiales impresos para consejería y apoyo al amamantamiento y los modificamos en función de la evaluación en discusiones grupales. Los principales motivos que afectaron el amamantamiento fueron: a la percepción de no llenar al niño o b producir insuficiente cantidad de leche, además de c problemas o dolor en los pechos o pezones. Las dos historietas cortas y los tres tarjetones diseñados, fueron bien aceptados por las madres participantes, considerándolos novedosos, prácticos, entendibles e importantes para la madre que amamanta. La entrega de los materiales podría complementar los programas utilizados por la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Sonora, así como las iniciativas de diversas asociaciones no gubernamentales, para promover el amamantamiento.

Young Women's Political Participation in Post-War Sierra Leone ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The end of the civil war in Sierra Leone in 2002 was facilitated in many ways by women through women's pro-democracy movements. These movements will continue to be pivotal in the gradual strengthening of democratic governance structures. Irrespective of the immense barriers that they face, women of all ages have ...

Peruvian Rural School Construction System. SERP 71: Sierra Type.

Science.gov (United States)

Cangiano, Miguel

Based on cooperative action of the government and local communities, the Peruvian Rural School System (SERP 71) evolved from the necessity to reconstruct Peruvian schools of the Sierra region after the earthquake of 1970, and from Peru's new educational reform law (1970) which called for an active-dynamic pupil attitude, continuous updating of…

Protocolo de extracción y procesamiento de células madre adultas del tejido adiposo abdominal: coordenadas del cirujano plástico en la investigación traslacional

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E. Serna-Cuéllar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La terapia basada en células madre adultas constituye la forma de tratamiento más innovadora para la regeneración de los tejidos patológicos, ausentes o deficitarios; también de relleno estético apropiado para variedad de indicaciones cosméticas y reconstructivas, y una de las líneas prioritarias de investigación traslacional en todo el mundo, evitando los problemas de rechazo inmune de los homotrasplantes, las complicaciones inherentes a la implantación de otros materiales aloplásticos, las secuelas estéticas o funcionales de las zonas donantes de los autotrasplantes de mayor morbilidad, y los problemas éticos del uso de células madre embrionarias. El cirujano plástico tiene un papel protagonista tanto en la extracción del injerto de células madre del abdomen mediante una liposucción manual tumescente, como en la aplicación clínica rápida sobre distintos defectos, deformidades o pérdidas de sustancia. Presentamos el protocolo de extracción y procesamiento de células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo (ADSC aprobado por el Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica, que resulta ser factible, seguro y reproducible, pudiendo servir de guía de actuación para el diseño de nuevos estudios clínicos controlados sobre la eficacia del autotrasplante de células madre aplicados a muchas otras patologías en el universo de la Cirugía Plástica en el que esté comprometida la cicatrización.

Congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyl patterns in eggs of aquatic birds from the lower Laguna Madre, Texas

Science.gov (United States)

Mora, Miguel A.

1996-01-01

Eggs from four aquatic bird species nesting in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, were collected to determine differences and similarities in the accumulation of congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and to evaluate PCB impacts on reproduction. Because of the different toxicities of PCB congeners, it is important to know which congeners contribute most to total PCBs. The predominant PCB congeners were 153, 138, 180, 110, 118, 187, and 92. Collectively, congeners 153, 138, and 180 accounted for 26 to 42% of total PCBs. Congener 153 was the most abundant in Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) and great blue herons (Ardea herodias) and congener 138 was the most abundant in snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and tricolored herons (Egretta tricolor). Principal component analysis indicated a predominance of higher chlorinated biphenyls in Caspian terns and great blue herons and lower chlorinated biphenyls in tricolored herons. Snowy egrets had a predominance of pentachlorobiphenyls. These results suggest that there are differences in PCB congener patterns in closely related species and that these differences are more likely associated with the species' diet rather than metabolism. Total PCBs were significantly greater (p birds from the Lower Laguna Madre were below concentrations known to affect bird reproduction.

TRANSFORMACIONES ALREDEDOR DEL DISCURSO, PRÁCTICAS EDUCATIVAS, ACTITUDES Y RELACIONES SOCIALES DE LAS MADRES COMUNITARIAS DEL ICBF. "Pueblo Viejo" (Magdalena y el programa "Nichos Pedagógicos"

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Mónica Borjas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación que da cuenta de las transformaciones que las madres comunitarias tuvieron en torno a su discurso, práctica educativa y relaciones sociales, en el seno del programa de capacitación "Nichos Pedagógicos", orientado por el Instituto de Estudios en Educación iese, de la Universidad del Norte, bajo el patrocinio de la fundación promigas. Inicialmente, se exponen los referentes contextuales relacionados con los aspectos misionales del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar -icbf-y con el municipio de Pueblo Viejo, Magdalena (Colombia, lugar de origen de las madres comunitarias participantes. En segunda instancia, se presentan los referentes de teóricos de las categorías de análisis: Discurso, prácticas e interacciones y, finalmente, se expone una conceptualización de "Nicho Pedagógico", denominación del Programa de Capacitación ofrecido a las madres comunitarias.

Representaciones de apego de niños y niñas con obesidad y la respuesta sensible de sus madres

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Andrea Tognarelli Guzmán

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio se establecieron relaciones entre la respuesta materna sensible, el apego y la obesidad infantil. El diseño fue de tipo descriptivo-exploratorio, se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada, el Child Attachment Interview y observación no participante. Los resultados señalan que los niños(as con obesidad presentan un apego inseguro y que la madre responde con un desacoplamiento frente a las necesidades del hijo; la emisión de respuestas de negación del problema, descuido, invalidación de la experiencia subjetiva y falta de sensibilidad para detectar el hambre y la saciedad del hijo, se relacionan con la obesidad. Se concluye que la intervención en obesidad debe incluir la relación afectiva madre-hijo y se proyecta la posibilidad de prevención del trastorno.

Hormonas tiroidianas durante la gestación: niveles séricos en la madre y en el feto

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Wilches Miryam

1993-12-01

Full Text Available

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 serum levels were evaluated in crossbred zebu gestating cows and in their foetuses. The cows were raised in hot, low land and were alloted to a pregnancy groups according to their age of gestation (1th, 2nd or 3th trimester determinated by crown-rump length o the foetuses. Mean values of T3 and T4 were 2.13 and 102.76 nmol/L respectively. There were no significant differences among the three gestation periods. T3 levels were lower in foetuses than in cows for comparable stages of gestation (average 1.11 nmol/L while levels of T4 values were greater (average 153.9 nmol/L, In foetuses thyroid hormone levels increased with the gestation length and were significantly in the last trimester. The other hand, the thyroid function in the dam is totally independent the her foetus.

Se midieron los niveles séricos de las hormonas tiroidianas de 60 vacas cebuínas en gestación; igualmente se midieron los niveles de T3 y T4 en los fetos correspondientes. Los animales provenían de zonas de trópico bajo colombiano, e iban con destino al sacrificio. El material experimental se distribuyó en 3 grupos (1°, 2° y 3° trimestre según la edad de la gestación obtenida mediante la relación longitud Corona-Grupa de los fetos. Los niveles promedios de T3 y de T4 durante la gestación en las madres fueron de 2.13 y 102.76 nmol/L, respectivamente, y no presentaron diferencias significativas entre los tres períodos. Los niveles promedios de T3 en los fetos fueron menores que en las madres para el mismo periodo de gestación (promedio 1.11 nmol/L, mientras que los niveles promedios de T4 fetales fueron mayores que en las madres (promedio 153.9 nmol/L. En los fetos, las hormonas tiroidianas aumentaron a medida que avanzó la gestación, siendo Significativamente mayores en el último trimestre; la función tiroidea se comporta en forma totalmente independiente entre la madre y su feto.

Global solar radiation in Sierra Leone (West Africa)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Massaquoi, J.G.M.

1987-09-01

A correlation equation of the Angstrom type has been developed to predict the monthly average daily global solar irradiation incident on a horizontal surface in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Measurements of the global insolation have been compared with those predicted using the equation. A good agreement (greater than 95% in most cases) was observed between the measured values and the predicted ones. (author). 15 refs, 2 tabs

Geology of Sierra de San Miguel area Rocha department (Uruguay)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muzio, R.; Veroslavsky, G.; Morales, E. . E mail: rossana@fcien.edu.uy

2004-01-01

This paper is part of a regional study about Mesozoic magmatism, tectonics and sedimentation in Uruguay. As a result of the geological studies carried out in Sierra de San Miguel area (Rocha department), lithological descriptions, their stratigraphic relationships and their petrographic characterization are presented [es

Relaciones entre el clima y la vegetación en el suroeste de Michoacán

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Enriqueta García

1969-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo es parte de un estudio que tiene como objeto correlacionar los climas con los tipos de vegetación en el Estado de Michoacán. El área de estudio que ahora se presenta, abarca la porción situada al sur del paralelo 19º30´ N y al oeste del meridiano 101º30´ W; fisiológicamente comprende una parte de la región conocida por algunos autores cono Eje Volcánico, la cuenca del río Tepalcatepec afluente del Blasas, y la de este río cerca de su desembocadura, así como una arte de la Sierra Madre del Sur denominada, en Michoacán, Sierra de Coalmán y de Aguililla.

Implementation of Safeguards and Non-Proliferation in Sierra Leone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

George, M.

2015-01-01

Sierra Leone under the Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements (CSAs) has enacted the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection (NSRP) Act 2012 and has given numerous powers to the Authority to implement the above mentioned act fully. The NSRP Act 2012 established the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Authority which among other things to regulate, control and supervise the acquisition, importation, exportation, use, transportation and disposal of radioactive sources and devices emitting Ionizing Radiation. The Authority is bounded by law to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency in the application of Safeguards Agreement and any protocol thereto between Sierra Leone and the International Atomic Energy Agency including conducting inspections and providing any assistance or information required by designated IAEA inspectors in the fulfillment of their responsibilities pursuant to Section 5, Subsection 2, Article xvi of the NSRP Act 2012. The Authority is also granted powers to adopt all necessary measures including a system of licensing to control the export, re-export, transit and transhipment of any nuclear material, equipment or technology in order to protect the safety and security of Sierra Leone. The Regulatory Authority has established departments for the control of nuclear materials: One of which is The Regulatory Control Department; responsible for Inspections, Authorization and Enforcement actions for all radiation sources and nuclear materials. The Authority has been conducting inspections regularly on various facilities ranging from medical radiation generating equipment to industrial radiography sources. The methodology to be used is the issuance of the standard IAEA checklist which is consistent with the Regulatory Authority’s documents for inspection of sources and is in line with the General Safety Requirements(GSR)Part III. The expected outcomes would be increasing training of regulatory authority’s staff, the procurement of

Madres e hijos en contextos carcelarios y post-carcelarios. Estudio de caso. Provincia del Neuquén (Argentina

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Beatriz Kalinsky

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se intenta reflexionar sobre el papel que los padres encarcelados, en especial las madres, asignan a los hijos. La ley de ejecución penal argentina les permite estar con la madre en la cárcel hasta que cumplen cinco años. Lue- go tienen que ser dados a otros cuidadores. Los hijos pre- vios mayores a esa edad quedan fuera y es frecuente que las mujeres tengan hijos dentro de la cárcel, ya sea que han entrado a ella embarazadas o que son propiamente hijos de la cárcel. A los hijos se les otorga una valoración (positiva o negativa ambigua, intermitente y circunstan- cial en el imaginario de la madre durante su período pe- nitenciario y post-penitenciario. Hay lapsos en que se les considera como figuras del sentimiento con un sentido de trascendencia existencial y también, en forma simultánea o alternativa, se les usa como herramientas para el me- joramiento de las condiciones de encierro de sus padres. Debido a que la maternidad está a mano y es ampliamen- te aceptada, mostrarse como mamás permite a muchas mujeres acceder a una compatibilidad cultural valiosa en especial dentro de la cárcel donde se considera que por haber cometido un delito se es “mala mujer” y “mala ma- dre” por no haber cumplido con los mandatos culturales de la maternidad. Ser nuevamente madre provee un con- ducto para una identidad positiva en un contexto social desfavorable y de encierro. Los estándares actuales indi- can que la madre debe estar comprometida con la crian- za de los hijos y dedicada a satisfacer sus necesidades sacrificando las propias. Como ellas no lo han cumplido ahora lo desean para mostrarse con una identidad nueva y más cercana a la índole de ser madres, convencidas de que podrán, ya en libertad, deshacerse de los calificativos desfavorables (estigmas y durante el encierro, además, mejorar sus condiciones de vida carcelaria. Abstract Children role assigned by their mothers in prison based on Argentinean law on

Aspectos éticos en el empleo de las células madre Ethical aspects in the use of stem cells

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Porfirio Hernández Ra

2007-08-01

Full Text Available En los animales superiores, las células madre pueden ser embrionarias y somáticas o adultas, según su estado evolutivo. En la actualidad se mantiene una extraordinaria polémica sobre qué células madre utilizar: las embrionarias o las adultas, debate en el que se han incluido aspectos científicos, éticos, religiosos, sociales y políticos. Un aspecto del debate científico está relacionado con la capacidad generativa de tumores por las células embrionarias. También se ha señalado que los beneficios de las células embrionarias se han exagerado y que en su lugar podrían utilizarse células madre adultas, con las que no existen restricciones éticas ni se ha comprobado la generación de tumores. Desde el punto de vista ético, se ha argumentado que el uso de las células madre embrionarias humanas implica la destrucción de embriones y se ha considerado que la vida comienza en el mismo momento de la unión del espermatozoide con el óvulo. Lo que equivaldría a la destrucción de una vida humana, algo no justificable. Otros no están de acuerdo con estos criterios, y plantean que su uso para salvar vidas mediante la investigación o la terapéutica estaría justificado. Recientemente se ha logrado la obtención de células madre embrionarias denominadas “células madre éticas”, pues este nuevo método eliminaría el dilema ético de destruir embriones. Algunos han planteado que estos resultados son preliminares, posiblemente exagerados, y la eficiencia del método es muy baja. Otros señalan que resulta más ético trabajar con embriones que de todas formas se van a destruir.In the superior animals, the stem cells may be embryonary and somatic, or adults, according to their evolutive state. At present, there is an extraordinary polemic about the stem cells that should be used: the embryonary or the adults. Scientific, religious, social and political aspects have been included in this debate. An aspect of the scientific discussion

Evaluación funcional de las relaciones madre-niño : la escala E.E.I.

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José Antonio Panduro Paredes

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Se construyó una escala de evaluación de la estimulación infantil en las relaciones madre-niño (Escala EEI, basada en una clasificación de los efectos probables de la estimulación sobre la conducta del niño: estimulación de promoción conductual (EPC y estimulación de control conductual (ECC, refiriéndose, respectivamente, al nivel de acción de la madre para promover conductas deseables y controlar conductas no deseables socialmente en el repertorio conductual del niño. Se evaluó a 540 diadas madre-niño. Las pruebas de validez de constructo señalaron correlaciones significativas en el análisis de ítems, entre subescalas, y con medidas del desarrollo infantil; correlaciones significativas también fueron identificadas en las pruebas de validez relacionada con criterios; por otro lado, las pruebas de confiabilidad indicaron estabilidad y consistencia interna altas. Durante la realización de este trabajo, se pudo verificar la importante influencia que posee esta estimulación sobre el desarrollo psicológico del niño. An infant stimulation in mother-child relationship assessment scale (ISA Scale was developed, based on a classification of probable effects on child's behavior, such as behavioral promotion stimulation (BPS and behavioral control stimulation (BCS, refering to mother action level to promote desirable behaviors and to control socially non desirable behaviors in child's behavior repertory. 540 mother-child dyads were evaluated. The construct validity tests showed significant correlations in item analysis, between subescales along with child development measures (social maturity and aggressiveness. In addition significant correlations (p<.05 were identified in validity tests showing criteria. On the other hand, the reliability tests indicated high stability and internal consistency. During this work we verified the important influence this stimulation had on the psychological development of the child.

High costs of infection: Alphavirus infection reduces digestive function and bone and feather growth in nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Science.gov (United States)

Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A.; Killpack, Tess L.; Goto, Dylan S.; Rainwater, Ellecia L.; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I.

2018-01-01

Increasingly, ecoimmunology studies aim to use relevant pathogen exposure to examine the impacts of infection on physiological processes in wild animals. Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses (“arboviruses”) responsible for millions of cases of human illnesses each year. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) is a unique alphavirus that is transmitted by a cimicid insect, the swallow bug, and is amplified in two avian species: the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota). BCRV, like many alphaviruses, exhibits age-dependent susceptibility where the young are most susceptible to developing disease and exhibit a high mortality rate. However, alphavirus disease etiology in nestling birds is unknown. In this study, we infected nestling house sparrows with Buggy Creek virus and measured virological, pathological, growth, and digestive parameters following infection. Buggy Creek virus caused severe encephalitis in all infected nestlings, and the peak viral concentration in brain tissue was over 34 times greater than any other tissue. Growth, tissue development, and digestive function were all significantly impaired during BCRV infection. However, based on histopathological analysis performed, this impairment does not appear to be the result of direct tissue damage by the virus, but likely caused by encephalitis and neuronal invasion and impairment of the central nervous system. This is the first study to examine the course of alphavirus diseases in nestling birds and these results will improve our understanding of age-dependent infections of alphaviruses in vertebrate hosts.

Diagnosis of Knowledge Management in the Brisas Sierra Mar hotel

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Ivón Sosa-Piedra

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The present investigation was made in order to evaluate the Knowledge in the Management at Brisas Sierra Mar Hotel, Santiago de Cuba. Due to this, it is being value the actual approaches that was utilized in the existent methodologies for the measurement conduct of the knowledge in the Enterprise Organizations. To fulfill these results we utilized different methods, technical, abilities and scientific investigation tools, such as: analysis-method, synthesis, historical logical, and inducement; technical as a team work, expert judgments, interviews and first and second class information review, as well as the informatics decision programs for the selection and validations of the experts, the Statistic Program for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS version 15.0 in indicting of the information. The investigation propitiated an evaluation of the actual situation of Brisas Sierra Mar Hotel, Santiago de Cuba and permitted to identify the stage of their main intellectual, placing them in an intermediate level.

Neurodesarrollo de niños no infectados de madres VIH-1 positivas y de niños de madres VIH-1 negativas, menores de un año, de la ciudad de Medellín, 2005-2007

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José William Cornejo Ochoa

2008-02-01

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OBJETIVO: comparar el neurodesarrollo de niños no infectados de madres VIH-1 positivas con el de niños no expuestos al VIH-1.

MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo observacional del neurodesarrollo de 23 niños no infectados, hijos de madres VIH-1 positivas, con el de un grupo de 20 niños no expuestos, usando la Bayley Scale of Infant Development–ll, Denver- ll, el examen neurológico y medidas antropométricas, durante el primer año de vida. Los hijos de madres VIH-1 positivas permanecieron no infectados y sanos y los del grupo control fueron niños sanos de diferentes estratos sociales y educacionales maternos. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se usaron pruebas no paramétricas como la de Mann Whitney y el test exacto de Fisher.

RESULTADOS: en el primer mes hubo diferencias en los dos grupos al evaluar la edad p = 0,000, la talla p = 0,002, el peso p = 0,000 y el perímetro cefálico p = 0,010; al tercer mes solo el peso p = 0,030 y la talla p = 0,049. El índice de desarrollo psicomotor no mostró diferencias, y el índice de desarrollo mental solo al sexto mes presentó p = 0,021. La escala Bayley de comportamiento al tercer mes presentó p = 0,041. La escala Denver y el examen neurológico presentaron un nivel de significancia p = 0,053 al sexto

Amigas y enemigas: las madres mexicanas frente a la televisión

OpenAIRE

Orozco, Guillermo; Universidad de Guadalajara (México)

1996-01-01

En el texto se analizan algunas opiniones de madres mexicanas sobre la televisión en la educación de sus hijos, fruto de tres investigaciones realizadas por el autor entre 1987 y 1995. Información concerniente a sus opiniones la televisión y su relación con lo que conforman la “filosofía educativa” materna, sus modos de intervención pedagógica en la tele videncia de los niños, y sus opiniones y usos de un género televisivo en particular: el noticioso, como fuente de información y eventual act...

Pautas de interacción y narrativas de las madres acerca del hijo con discapacidad cognitiva en relación con la sexualidad y proyecto de vida

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Herazo Gregory, Delia Rocio

2015-01-01

El objetivo principal de esta investigación se centró en identificar en la narrativa familiar, los relatos que las madres tienen acerca del hijo con discapacidad cognitiva, así como las pautas relacionales con el fin de comprender como aportan a la construcción de la identidad del joven, en relación con su sexualidad y el proyecto de vida. Se realizaron tres procesos terapéuticos con las madres desde la perspectiva sistémica buscando cambios que dieran mayor bienestar en el sistema familiar y...

JOSÉ MARTÍ - život a dílo se zaměřením na jeho eseje Madre América a Nuestra América

OpenAIRE

Bočková, Sandra

2015-01-01

In my Bachelor thesis entitled "JOSÉ MARTÍ - life and work with orientation to his essays Madre América and Nuestra América" I am going to pursue two of his principal essays titled Madre América and Nuestra América which contain Marti's ideas related to the self- determination of the nations of Latin America. In order to analyse the respective themes, I consider necessary to introduce the author first. In my opinion, José Martí is one of the most important figures in the Cuban colonial era; h...

Copper localization, elemental content, and thallus colour in the copper hyperaccumulator lichen Lecanora sierra from California

Science.gov (United States)

Purvis, O.W.; Bennett, J.P.; Spratt, J.

2011-01-01

An unusual dark blue-green lichen, Lecanora sierrae, was discovered over 30 years ago by Czehura near copper mines in the Lights Creek District, Plumas County, Northern California. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Czehura found that dark green lichen samples from Warren Canyon contained 4% Cu in ash and suggested that its colour was due to copper accumulation in the cortex. The present study addressed the hypothesis that the green colour in similar material we sampled from Warren Canyon in 2008, is caused by copper localization in the thallus. Optical microscopy and electron microprobe analysis of specimens of L. sierrae confirmed that copper localization took place in the cortex. Elemental analyses of L. sierrae and three other species from the same localities showed high enrichments of copper and selenium, suggesting that copper selenates or selenites might occur in these lichens and be responsible for the unusual colour.

Copper localization, elemental content, and thallus colour in the copper hyperaccumulator lichen Lecanora sierrae from California

Science.gov (United States)

Purvis, O.W.; Bennett, J.P.; Spratt, J.

2011-01-01

An unusual dark blue-green lichen, Lecanora sierrae, was discovered over 30 years ago by Czehura near copper mines in the Lights Creek District, Plumas County, Northern California. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Czehura found that dark green lichen samples from Warren Canyon contained 4% Cu in ash and suggested that its colour was due to copper accumulation in the cortex. The present study addressed the hypothesis that the green colour in similar material we sampled from Warren Canyon in 2008, is caused by copper localization in the thallus. Optical microscopy and electron microprobe analysis of specimens of L. sierrae confirmed that copper localization took place in the cortex. Elemental analyses of L. sierrae and three other species from the same localities showed high enrichments of copper and selenium, suggesting that copper selenates or selenites might occur in these lichens and be responsible for the unusual colour. Copyright ?? 2011 British Lichen Society.

Macroeconomic costs of the unmet burden of surgical disease in Sierra Leone: a retrospective economic analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Grimes, Caris E; Quaife, Matthew; Kamara, Thaim B; Lavy, Christopher B D; Leather, Andy J M; Bolkan, Håkon A

2018-03-14

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery estimated that low/middle-income countries will lose an estimated cumulative loss of US$12.3 trillion from gross domestic product (GDP) due to the unmet burden of surgical disease. However, no country-specific data currently exist. We aimed to estimate the costs to the Sierra Leone economy from death and disability which may have been averted by surgical care. We used estimates of total, met and unmet need from two main sources-a cluster randomised, cross-sectional, countrywide survey and a retrospective, nationwide study on surgery in Sierra Leone. We calculated estimated disability-adjusted life years from morbidity and mortality for the estimated unmet burden and modelled the likely economic impact using three different methods-gross national income per capita, lifetime earnings foregone and value of a statistical life. In 2012, estimated, discounted lifetime losses to the Sierra Leone economy from the unmet burden of surgical disease was between US$1.1 and US$3.8 billion, depending on the economic method used. These lifetime losses equate to between 23% and 100% of the annual GDP for Sierra Leone. 80% of economic losses were due to mortality. The incremental losses averted by scale up of surgical provision to the Lancet Commission target of 80% were calculated to be between US$360 million and US$2.9 billion. There is a large economic loss from the unmet need for surgical care in Sierra Leone. There is an immediate need for massive investment to counteract ongoing economic losses. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Motivaciones de la madre para amamantar: una experiencia a partir de la capacidad de escuchar

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Mirith Vásquez Munive,

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Title: Reason for nursing mothers: an experience from the ability to listen.ResumenSon muchos los estudios sobre las ventajas de lactar y las causas de abandono de la lactancia materna, pero no se exploran los motivos para lactar; esto motivó el presente estudio sobre motivaciones de la madre para amamantar. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, utilizando una entrevista no estructurada a 11 madres que utilizan los servicios de una institución de bajo nivel de complejidad. Las entrevistas se hicieron hasta que se saturó el campo y se construyeron con las respuestas tres categorías de análisis: Determinantes individuales, determinantes familiares y determinantes sociales. Se encontró que los motivos de las madres para amamantar son: preservar la salud del hijo, disminuir el gasto, porque es más fácil que preparar teteros, porque se lo sugiere el personal de salud, porque es tradición dentro de la familia y principalmente porque es una expresión de amor. Se destaca la importancia que en la decisión de amamantar juegan el apoyo de la pareja, de la familia, la educación en lactancia materna durante el control prenatal y durante el posparto inmediato. (DUAZARY 2012 No. 2, 116 - 122AbstractMany studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and causes of abandonment of breastfeeding, but not explored the reasons to breastfeed, that motivated this study on the motivations of the mother to breastfeed. We conducted a qualitative study, using an unstructured interview with 11 mothers who use the services of an institution of low complexity. Interviews were conducted until the field was saturated and the responses were constructed three categories of analysis: individual determinants, family determinants and social determinants. It the importance that the decision to breastfeed play the support of the couple and the family and education on breastfeeding during the prenatal and immediate postpartum. The importance that the decision to breastfeed plays

Revisión sistemática: células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo, utilidad en lipoatrofia facial

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M.D. Cruz-Sánchez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es determinar si los lipoinjertos enriquecidos con células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo son superiores a los injertos de tejido graso convencionales en el tratamiento de la lipoatrofia facial. Realizamos una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, OVID SP, SCIELO y EMBASE y posteriormente, una valoración basada en criterios actuales de medicina basada en la evidencia de las publicaciones encontradas por dos revisores independientes; las discrepancias en el análisis se resolvieron por acuerdo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, series clínicas y reportes de casos en humanos, excluyendo los ensayos en animales. Encontramos 6 publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios previamente mencionados. Entre éstas se incluyeron 2 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados que recogían la superioridad de los lipoinjertos enriquecidos con células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo en el tratamiento de la lipoatrofia facial en términos de resistencia a la reabsorción (preservación del volumen y menor necesidad de nuevos lipoinjertos, en comparación con los lipoinjertos convencionales. Concluimos diciendo que existen publicaciones con buenos niveles de evidencia que sugieren que los lipoinjertos enriquecidos con células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo son superiores a los lipoinjertos convencionales en el tratamiento de la lipoatrofia facial. No obstante, son estudios de reciente publicación y aún es necesario tener seguimientos a más largo plazo y con mayor número de pacientes para mejorar los ya buenos niveles de evidencia disponibles.

AISLAMIENTO, CARACTERIZACIÓN Y POTENCIAL DE DIFERENCIACIÓN DE CÉLULAS MADRE MESENQUIMALES CANINAS DERIVADAS DE TEJIDO ADIPOSO

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N. B. Riaño

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizaron células obtenidas del tejido adiposo subcutáneo de caninos para demostrar su naturaleza de células madre mesenquimales (ad-MSCs. Las células se cultivaron y expan - dieron bajo condiciones in vitro . Se determinó la presencia de marcadores de superficie CD73, CD90 y CD105 por citometría de flujo y PCR en tiempo real, siendo idéntico el perfil de expresión obtenido al reportado en células madre mesenquimales humanas. Se demostró su potencial de diferenciación mediante análisis de expresión génica por PCR en tiempo real luego de inducirlas a procesos de diferenciación osteogénica y adipogénica. La capacidad de diferenciación osteogénica se evidenció a través de la expresión de genes de tejido óseo (colágeno tipo I y osteonectina en una cinética de expresión concordante con los eventos moleculares y celulares del desarrollo óseo in vivo . El potencial adipogénico se evaluó por la formación de vacuolas lipídicas intracelulares y la expresión del gen de lipoprotein-lipasa, acorde con el proceso in vivo . Se concluye que las células mesenquimales obtenidas del tejido adiposo de caninos cumplen los criterios morfológicos, de expresión de marcadores de superficie espe - cíficos y de capacidad de diferenciación mesodérmica, confirmando su naturaleza de células madre mesenquimales. Los resultados del presente trabajo indicaron que las ad-MSCs de los caninos son un excelente modelo preclínico para el desarrollo de aplicaciones en medicina regenerativa, tanto en medicina veterinaria, como en medicina humana.

La campagne pour un quota de femmes en politique en Sierra ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 nov. 2011 ... Aisha Ibrahim est directrice du Gender Research and Documentation ... Comme elles travaillaient toutes à faire avancer des causes différentes, ... et qu'il n'existe pas de discrimination à l'endroit des femmes en Sierra Leone.

Porque sí nos importa. La implicación educativa de las madres marroquíes inmigrantes en Cataluña

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Rosalina Alcalde Campos

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Las conductas de implicación educativa de padres y madres pueden explicar en gran medida los resultados académicos de los descendientes, según demuestran diversidad de investigaciones en el campo de la psicología y de la sociología. Esto abarca también a las familias de origen inmigrante. Desde la sociología de la educación, numerosos estudios han confirmado que las hijas e hijos de padres inmigrantes obtienen peores resultados académicos. Si bien en España los estudios que analizan en profundidad las conductas de implicación parental de estas familias como factor explicativo no son abundantes. En el caso español, sabemos que el colectivo marroquí presenta un rendimiento escolar por debajo de los estudiantes españoles pero también respecto a otros grupos de alumnos de origen inmigrante. Por ello este artículo examina hasta qué punto la implicación parental podría estar involucrada en este fenómeno. Nuestro trabajo visibiliza también el protagonismo que las mujeres madres marroquíes tienen en estos procesos, acorde a una perspectiva de género femenino. Los resultados de nuestro estudio cualitativo, con 14 madres de origen marroquí residentes en Barcelona, indican que el seguimiento escolar que realizan es considerablemente alto. Incluso en situaciones de riesgo de exclusión social y de condiciones de pobreza.

Demography of the California spotted owl in the Sierra National Forest and Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks

Science.gov (United States)

George N. Steger; Thomas E. Munton; Kenneth D. Johnson; Gary P. Eberlein

2002-01-01

Nine years (1990–1998) of demographic data on California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in two study areas on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada—one in the Sierra National Forest (SNF), the other in Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks (SNP)—are summarized. Numbers of territorial owls fluctuated from 85 to 50 in SNF and 80 to 58...

Diversidad de mamíferos de la Reserva Natural Sierra Nanchititla, México Diversity of mammals in the Natural Reserve Sierra Nanchititla, Mexico

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Octavio Monroy-Vilchis

2011-03-01

Full Text Available La Reserva Natural Sierra Nanchititla (RNSN, por su extensión, es la segunda área natural protegida del Estado de México; sin embargo, se desconoce gran parte de su biodiversidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar su diversidad mastofaunística. Se utilizó el trampeo directo para la colecta de mamíferos pequeños y trampas-cámara para el estudio de los mamíferos medianos y grandes. Se calculó la diversidad a partir del índice de Margalef, y se evaluaron la dominancia y la equidad mediante los índices de Simpson y Shannon-Wiener, respectivamente. Se registraron 53 especies de mamíferos; 3 de ellas son el primer registro estatal, 10 son endémicas de México y 4 las considera en alguna categoría de vulnerabilidad el gobierno mexicano. En la zona habitan 5 de las 6 especies de felinos de México. La composición mastofaunística de la RNSN fue comparada con la de la sierra Purépecha, Michoacán, con la que comparte el 38% de las especies. De acuerdo con el índice de Jaccard, la similitud entre ambas es baja. Considerando los resultados, la importancia de la RNSN con respecto a su diversidad mastofaunística es evidente, así como la necesidad de delinear estrategias para su conservación.The Sierra Nanchititla Natural Reserve (SNNR is the second largest natural protected area in the State of Mexico, however its biodiversity is largely unknown. The aim of this research was to estimate its mammalian diversity. Direct trapping was used to capture small mammals and camera-trapping for the study of medium and large mammals. Diversity was calculated from Margalef's index, dominance and equity were evaluated through Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener indexes, respectively. Fifty three species were registered, 3 of them are the first record for the State of Mexico, 10 are endemic to Mexico and 4 are considered in some category of vulnerability by the Mexican government. The area is inhabited by 5 of the 6 Mexican felid species. The

Burn Severity and Its Impact on Soil Properties: 2016 Erskine Fire in the Southern Sierra Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Haake, S.; Guo, J.; Krugh, W. C.

2017-12-01

Wildfire frequency in the southern Sierra Nevada has increased over the past decades. The effects of wildfires on soils can increase the frequency of slope failure and debris flow events, which pose a greater risk to people, as human populations expand into foothill and mountainous communities of the Sierra Nevada. Alterations in the physical properties of burned soils are one such effect that can catalyze slope failure and debris flow events. Moreover, the degree of a soil's physical alteration resulting from wildfire is linked to fire intensity. The 2016 Erskine fire occurred in the southern Sierra Nevada, burning 48,019 acres, resulting in soils of unburned, low, moderate, and high burn severities. In this study, the physical properties of soils with varying degrees of burn severity are explored within the 2016 Erskine fire perimeter. The results constrain the effects of burn severity on soil's physical properties. Unburned, low, moderate, and high burn severity soil samples were collected within the Erskine fire perimeter. Alterations in soils' physical properties resulting from burn severity are explored using X-ray diffractometry analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, and shear strength tests. Preliminary results from this study will be used to assess debris flow and slope failure hazard models within burned areas of the Kern River watershed in the southern Sierra Nevada.

Geology and petrography of the Socoscora Sierra . Province of San Luis. Republica Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carugno Duran, A.

1998-01-01

The following paper include an study geological and petrographic of the Sierra de Socoscora. San Luis, Argentina. This mountainas is a block with less elevation that the Sierra de San Luis, and it located in the west center of it. It' s formed by an crystalline basement composed by metamorphic haigh grade rocks, with a penetrative foliation of strike N-S. in this context is possible to define petrographicly the following units, migmatitic that fill a big part of the mountain, amphibolites, marbles, skarns, milonites and pegmatites. This units have amphibolitic facies assemblanges mineral and in some them, we can observe retrograde metamorphism of the greesnschist facies. The metamorphic structure is complex and evidence at least three deformation event

Percepción de la madre de niños sobre el cuidado de enfermería en su dimensión nutricional-Piura, 2014.

OpenAIRE

Espinoza Cordova, María Guisela

2015-01-01

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo conocer la percepción de las madres sobre el cuidado de enfermería en su dimensión nutricional; fue de naturaleza cualitativa y se utilizó el método de historia de vida; la muestra estuvo conformada por trece madres con niños menores de tres años, en su mayoría adulta joven que acuden en forma continua a consulta de enfermería en el control de crecimiento y desarrollo del niño. La técnica de la recolección de datos fue entrevista abierta a cada mad...

Aplicaciones clínicas de las células madre del tejido adiposo

OpenAIRE

B. Castro

2013-01-01

En la actualidad, las células madre del tejido adiposo (ASC) juegan un papel crucial en las estrategias de reparación o regeneración tisular. Son células mesenquimales multipotenciales que se pueden obtener fácilmente de lipoaspirados. Tras un proceso de digestión enzimática y centrifugación, se recoge la fracción estromal vacular (SVF) en el sedimento obtenido y se purifican las ASC a través del cultivo en plástico y realización de varios subcultivos. Hay diversos aspectos que han convertido...