Limonoids from andiroba oil and Cedrela fissilis and their insecticidal activity

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Ambrozin Alessandra R. P.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Nine limonoids were isolated from Carapa guianensis and Cedrela fissilis. Among them, 1,2-dihydro-3beta-hydroxy-7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin is a new compound. Moreover, the assignments of some chemical shifts of xyloccensin k have been corrected and ¹H NMR data of 7-deacetylgedunin have been assigned for the first time. These isolated limonoids were assayed on Atta sexdens rubropilosa workers showing moderate insecticidal activities.

Limonoids from andiroba oil and Cedrela fissilis and their insecticidal activity

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Ambrozin, Alessandra R.P.; Leite, Ana C.; Vieira, Paulo C.; Fernandes, Joao B.; Silva, M. Fatima das G. Fernandes da [Sao Carlos Univ., SP (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica]. E-mail: paulo@dq.ufscar.br; Bueno, Fabiana C.; Bueno, Odair C.; Pagnocca, Fernando C.; Hebling, Jose A.; Bacci Junior, Mauricio [UNESP, Rio Claro, SP (Brazil). Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais

2006-05-15

Nine limonoids were isolated from Carapa guianensis and Cedrela fissilis. Among them, 1,2-dihydro-3{beta}-hydroxy-7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin is a new compound. Moreover, the assignments of some chemical shifts of xyloccensin k have been corrected and {sup 1}H NMR data of 7-deacetylgedunin have been assigned for the first time. These isolated limonoids were assayed on Atta sexdens rubropilosa workers showing moderate insecticidal activities. (author)

Effect of the presence of brood and fungus on the nest architecture and digging activity of Acromyrmex subterraneus Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae

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Carlos Magno dos Santos

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study investigated the stimuli that trigger digging behavior in Acromyrmex subterraneus during nest building. The hypothesis was that the presence of the fungus garden and/or brood triggers the excavation of tunnels and chambers. For the experiment, the excavation rate of individually marked workers kept in plastic cylinders filled with soil was recorded. Four treatments were applied: (1 30 medium-sized workers, 5 g fungus garden and 30 brood items (larvae and pupae; (2 30 medium-sized workers and 5 g fungus garden; (3 30 medium-sized workers and 30 brood items; (4 30 medium-sized workers without fungus and brood. After 24 h, morphological parameters of nest structure (length and width of the chambers and tunnels in cm and the volume of excavated soil were recorded. In contrast to the expected findings, no change in morphological structure, rate of excavation by workers, or volume of excavated soil was observed between treatments, except for tunnel width, which was greater, when no brood or fungus garden was present. Thus, the results do not support the hypothesis that the fungus garden and/or brood are local stimuli for nest excavation or that they mold the internal architecture of the nest. Although this hypothesis was confirmed for Acromyrmex lundii and Atta sexdens rubropilosa, the same does not apply to A. subterraneus. The digging behavior of workers is probably the result of adaptation during nest building in different habitats.

ACTIVITY OF LEAF-CUTTING ANT Atta sexdens piriventris SUBMITED TO HIGH DILUTION HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS

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Alexandre Giesel

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The effect of high dilution preparations on the movement and foraging activities of Atta sexdens piriventris was evaluated. Five colonies of ants were located on each of the five experimental areas using a randomized complete block design. Three main forage trails from each colony were selected from where evaluations were made. Ten mL of high dilution preparation of Atta sexdens piriventris nosodes and Belladonna homeopathy solution were sprayed over 0.5 m of each selected trail, 1.0 m far from the nest. The controls were pure water and non treated trails. Applications were made daily during 10 days. The total number of ants moving on each trail one meter away from the nest, carrying or not plant fragments, were assessed before the daily application. Dilution preparations at 30CH (thirtieth centesimal Hahnemannian dilution of A. sexdens piriventris nosodes and Belladonna reduced the activities of ants from the fifth day after the first application. The treatment effect lasted more than 20 days after the last application. The use of preparation at 30CH dilution order to reduce the foraging activity of leaf-cutting ants is a potential non residual method to manage leaf-cutting ants.

Activities of extracts and compounds from Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil. (Rutaceae) in leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungus

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Terezan, Ana Paula; Fernandes, Joao B.; Silva, M. Fatima das Gracas Fernandes da; Vieira, Paulo C. [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCAR), Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica; Rossi, Raquel Andrade; Almeida, Roberta N.A.; Freitas, Tais Garcia; Bueno, Odair C.; Pagnocca, Fernando C. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP (Brazil). Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais; Pirani, Jose R., E-mail: djbf@power.ufscar.b [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Biociencias. Dept. de Botanica

2010-07-01

The study of the Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil (Rutaceae) branches extracts led to the isolation of the furoquinoline (dictamine, gamma-fagarine and skimmianine) and 2-arylquinoli-4-one (1-methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-one) alkaloids and limonoids (limonexic acid and limonin). The compounds 1-methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-one and limonexic acid were isolated for the first time from the Spiranthera. These furoquinoline and 2-arylquinoli-4-one alkaloids and limonoids showed insecticidal and/or fungicidal activity in the nest of the Atta sexdens rubropilosa. (author)

Isolation of xanthyletin, an inhibitor of ants' symbiotic fungus, by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

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Cazal, Cristiane de Melo; Domingues, Vanessa de Cássia; Batalhão, Jaqueline Raquel; Bueno, Odair Corrêa; Filho, Edson Rodrigues; da Silva, Maria Fátima G Fernandes; Vieira, Paulo Cezar; Fernandes, João Batista

2009-05-08

Xanthyletin, an inhibitor of symbiotic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) of leaf-cutting ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa), as well as suberosin, seselin and xanthoxyletin were isolated from Citrus sinensis grafted on Citrus limonia. A two-phase solvent system composed of hexane/ethanol/acetonitrile/water (10:8:1:1, v/v) was used for the high-speed counter-current chromatographic isolation of xanthyletin with high yield and over 99% purity as determined by liquid and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Identifications were performed by UV spectra, IR spectra, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the H Fields of Forel Alleviates Tics in Tourette Syndrome

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Clemens Neudorfer

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The current rationale for target selection in Tourette syndrome revolves around the notion of cortico-basal ganglia circuit involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, despite extensive research, the ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS is still under debate, with many structures being neglected and underexplored. Based on clinical observations and taking into account the prevailing hypotheses of network processing in Tourette syndrome, we chose the fields of Forel, namely field H1, as a target for DBS. The fields of Forel constitute the main link between the striatopallidal system and the thalamocortical network, relaying pallidothalamic projections from core anatomical structures to the thalamic ventral nuclear group. In a retrospective study we investigated two patients suffering from chronic, medically intractable Tourette syndrome who underwent bilateral lead implantation in field H1 of Forel. Clinical scales revealed significant alleviation of tics and comorbid symptoms, namely depression and anxiety, in the postoperative course in both patients.

Spectral analyses of the Forel-Ule Ocean colour comparator scale

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Wernand, M.; van der Woerd, H.J.

2010-01-01

François Alphonse Forel (1890) and Willi Ule (1892) composed a colour comparator scale, with tints varying from indigo-blue to cola brown, to quantify the colour of natural waters, like seas, lakes and rivers. For each measurement, the observer compares the colour of the water above a submersed

Interação entre Atta sexdens e espécie arbórea Copaifera langsdorfii Desf. em remanescente florestal de cerrado

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Danival José de Souza

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A espécie arbórea Copaifera langsdorfii Desf. é muito explorada para extração do seu óleo e para utilização em recuperação de áreas degradadas e de matas ciliares. A comunidade vegetal pode ser beneficiada pela interação entre insetos e plantas sendo a mirmecocoria – dispersão de sementes por formigas – um desses exemplos de interação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as interações entre a espécie arbórea C. langsdorffii Desf. e a espécie de formiga Atta sexdens em área de remanescente florestal de cerrado sensu stricto. As sementes forrageadas por formigas e não forrageadas encontradas no chão foram coletadas para análise de testes de germinação e IVG (índice de velocidade de germinação. A terra solta dos ninhos de Atta sexdens também foi coletada para avaliação e comparação com locais de dispersão natural. Os resultados dos testes indicaram germinação e IVG significativamente maiores em sementes forrageadas pelas formigas Atta sexdens e os locais mais favoráveis à germinação foram longe de áreas antropogênicas ao longo das trilhas de forrageamento.

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Virola sebifera Crude Extracts, Fractions and Isolated Compounds on the Nest of Leaf-Cutting Ants

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Keylla Utherdyany Bicalho

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The phytochemical study of Virola sebifera leaves led to the isolation of three lignans: (+-sesamin, (−-hinokinin, and (−-kusunokinin and three flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and quercetin-3-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucoside by using techniques as high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal potential against Atta sexdens rubropilosa and its symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The bioassay results showed a high insecticidal activity for the methanol crude extract of the leaves of V. sebifera and its n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The fungicidal bioassay revealed high toxicity of the lignans against L. gongylophorus.

Spectral analysis of the Forel-Ule Ocean colour comparator scale

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Wernand, M. R.; van der Woerd, H. J.

2010-04-01

François Alphonse Forel (1890) and Willi Ule (1892) composed a colour comparator scale, with tints varying from indigo-blue to coca-cola brown, to quantify the colour of natural waters, like seas, lakes and rivers. For each measurement, the observer compares the colour of the water above a submersed white disc (Secchi disc) with the hand-held scale of pre-defined colours. The scale can be well reproduced from a simple recipe for twenty-one coloured chemical solutions and because the ease of its use, the Forel-Ule (FU) scale has been applied globally and intensively by oceanographers and limnologists from the year 1890. Indeed, the archived FU data belong to the oldest oceanographic data sets and do contain information on the changes in geobiophysical properties of natural waters during the last century. In this article we describe the optical properties of the FU-scale and its ability to cover the colours of natural waters, as observed by the human eye. The recipe of the scale and its reproduction is described. The spectral transmission of the tubes, with belonging chromaticity coordinates, is presented. The FU scale, in all its simplicity, is found to be an adequate ocean colour comparator scale. The scale is well characterized, is stable and observations are reproducible. This supports the idea that the large historic data base of FU measurements is coherent and well calibrated. Moreover, the scale can be coupled to contemporary multi-spectral observations with hand-held and satellite-based spectrometers.

Further revisionary studies on the ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini

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Carlos Roberto F. Brandão

2003-01-01

Full Text Available I hereby revise, for the second time, the primarily Neotropical solenopsidine ant genus Megalomyrmex, describing M. wettereri n. sp., of the Silvestrii group, based on workers and gynes. Megalomyrmex latreillei Forel is synonymyzed under M. foreli Emery. The gyne of M. poatan is described and that of M. wallacei redescribed; males of M. acauna, M. incisus and M. wallacei are described. New locality records are given for M. ayri, M. cupecuara, M. goeldii, M. iheringi, M. modestus, and M. wallacei (Modestus group; M. acauna, M. balzani, M. cyendyra, M. emeryi, M. foreli, M. glaesarius, M. leoninus, M. staudingeri, and M. timbira (Leoninus group; M. poatan, M. silvestrii, and M. symmetochus (Silvestrii group, and M. drift, M. incisus, M. myops and M. pusillus (Incisus group. New biological data are recorded for M. acauna, M. goeldii, and M. wallacei. Comments are made for M. bidentatus, M. miri and M. mondabora.Reviso, pela segunda vez, o gênero neotropical de formigas Megalomyrmex Forel (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini, descrevendo M. wettereri n. sp. do grupo Silvestrii com base em operárias e gines (rainhas. Megalomyrmex latreillei Forel é sinonimizada sob M. foreli Emery. A gine de M. poatan é descrita e a de M. wallacei é redescrita; os machos de M. acauna, M. incisus e M. wallacei são descritos. Novos registros de localidade são apresentados para M. ayri, M. cupecuara, M. goeldii, M. iheringi, M. modestus, e M. wallacei (grupo Modestus; M. acauna, M. balzani, M. cyendyra, M. emeryi, M. foreli, M. glaesarius, M. leoninus, M. staudingeri, e M. timbira (grupo Leoninus; M. poatan, M. silvestrii, e M. symmetochus (grupo Silvestrii, e M. drift, M. incisus, M. myops e M. pusillus (grupo Incisus. Novos dados biológicos são apresentados para M. acauna, M. goeldii, e M. wallacei e outros comentários são apresentados para M. bidentatus, M. miri e M. mondabora.

New host and locality record for Triaenophorus crassus forel (Cestoda: pseudophyllidea)

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Uzmann, J.R.; Hesselholt, M.N.

1957-01-01

The adult form of Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868 (= T. robustus Olsson, 1893; = T. tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus Wardle, 1932) occurs as an intestinal parasite in the pike, Esox lucius L., a holarctic species of wide distribution. Preliminary life-history stages include procercoid development in copepods of the genus Cyclops followed by plerocercoid development in the musculature of a variety of coregonid and salmonid fishes. The unsightly appearance of even moderate plerocercoid infections is often sufficient to render fish unacceptable for human consumption. In the prairie provinces of Canada the incidence and intensity of T. crassus infections in the commercially important whitefishes constitute a serious economic problem.

PREFERÊNCIA DE CORTE DE Eucalyptus spp. POR Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus FOREL, 1908 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE EM CONDIÇÕES DE LABORATÓRIO

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Alberto Luiz Marsaro Júnior

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a preferência de corte das operárias de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908, em três espécies e um clone de eucalipto. Plantas de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, 1977, Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell., 1878, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., 1832, e o Clone 129 foram oferecidas, simultaneamente, para três colônias de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908. O bioensaio finalizou 6 horas após o seu início ou até que uma das colônias cortasse todas as folhas de um dos eucaliptos oferecidos. As colônias cortaram e carregaram, em média, 0,453g ± 0,064 de Eucalyptus camaldulensis; 0,384g ± 0,052 do Clone 129; 0,341g ± 0,054 de Eucalyptus urophylla e 0,102 ± 0,027 de Eucalyptus cloeziana, sendo essa última a espécie menos preferida para o corte. Por outro lado, não houve diferença significativa entre a quantidade de folhas cortadas nos outros eucaliptos.

Two castes sizes of leafcutter ants in task partitioning in foraging activity

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Marcelo Arruda de Toledo

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Task partitioning in eusocial animals is most likely an evolutionary adaptation that optimizes the efficiency of the colony to grow and reproduce. It was investigated indirect task partitioning in two castes sizes; this involves task partitioning in which the material transported is not transferred directly from one individual to another, but where it is dropped by one ant to be picked up by another. In two separate approaches, it was confirmed previous results pertaining to leaf caching activities among Atta colombica with task partitioning activities involving leaf dropping among Atta sexdens rubropilosa , in which there is a correlation between the size of an individual ant and the leaf fragment it transports. It was also suggested that this correlation exists only in individual ants that cut and transport (CaT the same fragment to the nest. When task partitioning occurs and individual ants transporting (T leaf fragments cut by other ants, the correlation becomes looser or disappears. We also observed that CaT ants are smaller than T ants.

First report of two species of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae inside nests of Azteca cf. chartifex Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae in Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest

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João Rafael Alves-Oliveira

Full Text Available ABSTRACT We report for the first time the occurrence of two species of scarab beetles, Phileurus carinatus declivis Prell, 1914 (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae and Cyclidius elongatus (Olivier, 1789 (Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini inside nests of Azteca cf. chartifex Forel, 1896, a neotropical arboreal ant species. This report indicates that these two beetle species are associated, at least as inquilines, to this ant species, although the nature of this relationship remains unclear.

Nest Digging by Leaf-Cutting Ants: Effect of Group Size and Functional Structures

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Roberto da Silva Camargo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Leaf-cutting ant workers dig underground chambers, for housing their symbiotic fungus, interconnected by a vast quantity of tunnels whose function is to permit the entrance of food (leaves, gaseous exchanges, and movement of workers, offspring, and the queen. Digging is a task executed by a group of workers, but little is known about the group effect and group-constructed functional structures. Thus, we analyzed the structures formed by worker groups (5, 10, 20, and 40 individuals of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, for 2 days of excavation. The digging arena was the same for the 4 groups, with each group corresponding to a different density. Our results verified a pattern of tunneling by the workers, but no chamber was constructed. The group effect is well known, since the 40-worker group dug significantly more than the groups of 5, 10, and 20. These groups did not differ statistically from each other. Analysis of load/worker verified that workers of the smallest group carried the greatest load. Our paper demonstrates the group effect on the digging of nests, namely, that excavation is proportional to group size, but without emergence of a functional structure such as a chamber.

Avaliação de sauveiros externos em eucaliptais de Minas Gerais

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Iris Cristiane Magistrali

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Existe uma grande dificuldade em aperfeiçoar as técnicas de manejo de formigas cortadeiras, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos sauveiros externos localizados próximos a plantios florestais. Por causa disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar aspectos como tamanho e distância de sauveiros externos em plantações de eucaliptos. A avaliação foi realizada em aceiros externos de três fazendas localizadas nos municípios de João Pinheiro e Buritizeiro, em Minas Gerais, seis meses após ser realizado o combate convencional às formigas cortadeiras. Foram encontrados nove sauveiros externos, com área média de terra solta de 62,5 ± 11,1 m2, localizados a uma distância média de 33,94 ± 8,68 metros entre a margem do plantio e o local do formigueiro. Constatou-se que tais características podem ser úteis no ajuste da largura da faixa de segurança de combate, a qual deve ser igual a 50 m. O gênero Trachymyrmex e as espécies Atta laevigata e Atta sexdens rubropilosa foram registrados como ocorrências novas no município de Buritizeiro, e o gênero Acromyrmex como uma nova ocorrência nos dois municípios.

Comparative reproductive biology of the social parasite Acromyrmex ameliae de Souza, Soares & Della Lucia and of its host Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

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Soares, Ilka M F; Della Lucia, Terezinha M C; Pereira, Alice S; Serrão, José E; Ribeiro, Myriam M R; De Souza, Danival J

2010-01-01

Social parasites exhibit several characteristics that allow them to exploit their host species efficiently. The smaller size of parasite species is a trait commonly found in ants. In this work, we investigated several aspects of the reproductive biology of Acromyrmex ameliae De Souza, Soares & Della Lucia, a recently discovered parasite of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus Forel. Sexuals of A. ameliae are substantially smaller than those from host species. Parasite queens laid significantly less worker eggs than host queens and inhibit sexual production of the host. The sex ratio of parasite species is highly female biased. Interestingly, we have observed parasite coupling on the laboratory, inside the nests and in the ground, opening the possibility to use controlled mating to study genetic approaches of parasitism in the ants.

Espécies de formigas que interagem com as sementes de Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae Interaction between ant species and seeds of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae

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Ethel Fernandes de Oliveira Peternelli

2004-10-01

Full Text Available As formigas, quando atraídas por um apêndice nutritivo, produzido na semente de certas plantas, podem exercer o papel de agente predador ou dispersor das sementes. No processo de dispersão, grande número desses insetos pode interagir com sementes de determinada planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de formigas em contato com sementes de Mabea fistulifera Mart. - uma espécie arbórea e colonizadora em áreas antrópicas no Brasil - e o tipo de interação desses insetos com as sementes, bem como determinar as espécies dispersoras. Foram realizadas coletas manuais de formigas em fragmentos de vegetação com alta densidade de M. fistulifera, no município de Viçosa, MG, no momento de sua visitação às sementes. As formigas capturadas foram triadas e identificadas por espécie. Além disso, durante as coletas foram feitas observações quanto ao tipo de comportamento das formigas que se associaram às sementes e ao cálculo da taxa de remoção destas, verificando-se que 16 espécies tiveram contato com estas. Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Ectatomma edentatum, Pachycondyla sp.1 e Pheidole sp. 2 foram, de fato, dispersoras, já que transportaram efetivamente as sementes. Ac. subterraneus subterraneus, Camponotus rufipes, Ectatomma permagnum, Megalomyrmex sp.1, Pachycondyla sp. 1, Pachycondyla sp. 2, Pheidole sp. 4, Pheidole sp. 5 e Pogonomyrmex sp. são, pela primeira vez, relatadas interagindo com sementes. A taxa de remoção das sementes de M. fistulifera pelas formigas foi de 85 a 97%.Ants, when attracted by nutritious corpuscles produced by seeds of certain plant species, can act as predators or dispersing agents. During seed dispersal, a great number of ant species can interact with seeds of a particular plant species. The purpose of this study was to identify the ant species that interact with seeds of Mabea fistulifera Mart., a pioneer tree species in anthropic disturbed

Vegetation Changes in a Native Forest Produced by Atta vollenweideri Forel 1893 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nests.

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Sabattini, J A; Sabattini, R A; Cian, J C; Sabattini, I A

2018-02-01

Herbivory is an important factor to generate spatial mosaics with variations in a plant community composition and organization. The objective of this work was to determine the impact of Atta vollenweideri Forel 1893 nests on herbaceous and shrub vegetation in a degraded native forest of the Espinal ecoregion. The study was carried out in the Protected Area and Multiple Use Nature Reserve called Estancia "El Carayá" (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Ten A. vollenweideri nests were selected by simple random sampling through internal roads, and two transects were drawn from the center of the nest (0 m) up to 60 m away in opposite directions. The line intercept method was used to quantify the percentage of vegetation cover of herbaceous and shrub species, while the floristic composition was estimated by the Canfield method. Afterwards, a nonparametric test between positions and a conglomerate analysis to evaluated distance were applied. Grass species, legumes, and sedges fell in the adjacent areas to nests, highlighting the bare soil at the crest and base of the nests. Fifteen plant species were identified, and two families correspond to monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. In conclusion, the nests of A. vollenweideri affect the community of herbaceous and shrub vegetation of the studied degraded native forest of the Espinal ecoregion since these ants perform a high selection of herbaceous species considered as pioneers of plant successions.

Recognition of endophytic Trichoderma species by leaf-cutting ants and their potential in a Trojan-horse management strategy

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Rocha, Silma L.; Evans, Harry C.; Jorge, Vanessa L.; Cardoso, Lucimar A. O.; Pereira, Fernanda S. T.; Rocha, Fabiano B.; Barreto, Robert W.; Hart, Adam G.

2017-01-01

Interactions between leaf-cutting ants, their fungal symbiont (Leucoagaricus) and the endophytic fungi within the vegetation they carry into their colonies are still poorly understood. If endophytes antagonistic to Leucoagaricus were found in plant material being carried by these ants, then this might indicate a potential mechanism for plants to defend themselves from leaf-cutter attack. In addition, it could offer possibilities for the management of these important Neotropical pests. Here, we show that, for Atta sexdens rubropilosa, there was a significantly greater incidence of Trichoderma species in the vegetation removed from the nests—and deposited around the entrances—than in that being transported into the nests. In a no-choice test, Trichoderma-infested rice was taken into the nest, with deleterious effects on both the fungal gardens and ant survival. The endophytic ability of selected strains of Trichoderma was also confirmed, following their inoculation and subsequent reisolation from seedlings of eucalyptus. These results indicate that endophytic fungi which pose a threat to ant fungal gardens through their antagonistic traits, such as Trichoderma, have the potential to act as bodyguards of their plant hosts and thus might be employed in a Trojan-horse strategy to mitigate the negative impact of leaf-cutting ants in both agriculture and silviculture in the Neotropics. We posit that the ants would detect and evict such ‘malign’ endophytes—artificially inoculated into vulnerable crops—during the quality-control process within the nest, and, moreover, that the foraging ants may then be deterred from further harvesting of ‘Trichoderma-enriched’ plants. PMID:28484603

Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing

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Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Societal awareness of changes in the environment and climate has grown rapidly, and there is a need to engage citizens in gathering relevant scientific information to monitor environmental changes due to recognition that citizens are a potential source of critical information. The apparent colour of natural waters is one aspect of our aquatic environment that is easy to detect and an essential complementary optical water quality indicator. Here we present the results and explore the utility of the Forel-Ule colour index (FUI scale as a proxy for different properties of natural waters. A FUI scale is used to distinguish the apparent colours of different natural surface water masses. Correlation analysis was completed in an effort to determine the constituents of natural waters related to FUI. Strong correlations with turbidity, Secchi-disk depth, and coloured dissolved organic material suggest the FUI is a good indicator of changes related to other constituents of water. The increase in the number of tools capable of determining the FUI colours, (i ocean colour remote sensing products; (ii a handheld scale; and (iii a mobile device app, make it a versatile relative measure of water quality. It has the potential to provide higher spatial and temporal resolution of data for a modernized classification of optical water quality. This FUI colour system has been favoured by several scientists in the last century because it is affordable and easy to use and provides indicative information about the colour of water and the water constituents producing that colour. It is therefore within the scope of a growing interest in the application and usefulness of basic measurement methodologies with the potential to provide timely benchmark information about the environment to the public, scientists and policymakers.

Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing.

Science.gov (United States)

Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P; Friedrichs, Anna; Voß, Daniela; Zielinski, Oliver

2015-12-18

Societal awareness of changes in the environment and climate has grown rapidly, and there is a need to engage citizens in gathering relevant scientific information to monitor environmental changes due to recognition that citizens are a potential source of critical information. The apparent colour of natural waters is one aspect of our aquatic environment that is easy to detect and an essential complementary optical water quality indicator. Here we present the results and explore the utility of the Forel-Ule colour index (FUI) scale as a proxy for different properties of natural waters. A FUI scale is used to distinguish the apparent colours of different natural surface water masses. Correlation analysis was completed in an effort to determine the constituents of natural waters related to FUI. Strong correlations with turbidity, Secchi-disk depth, and coloured dissolved organic material suggest the FUI is a good indicator of changes related to other constituents of water. The increase in the number of tools capable of determining the FUI colours, (i) ocean colour remote sensing products; (ii) a handheld scale; and (iii) a mobile device app, make it a versatile relative measure of water quality. It has the potential to provide higher spatial and temporal resolution of data for a modernized classification of optical water quality. This FUI colour system has been favoured by several scientists in the last century because it is affordable and easy to use and provides indicative information about the colour of water and the water constituents producing that colour. It is therefore within the scope of a growing interest in the application and usefulness of basic measurement methodologies with the potential to provide timely benchmark information about the environment to the public, scientists and policymakers.

Ants can learn to forage on one-way trails.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Leite Ribeiro

Full Text Available The trails formed by many ant species between nest and food source are two-way roads on which outgoing and returning workers meet and touch each other all along. The way to get back home, after grasping a food load, is to take the same route on which they have arrived from the nest. In many species such trails are chemically marked by pheromones providing orientation cues for the ants to find their way. Other species rely on their vision and use landmarks as cues. We have developed a method to stop foraging ants from shuttling on two-way trails. The only way to forage is to take two separate roads, as they cannot go back on their steps after arriving at the food or at the nest. The condition qualifies as a problem because all their orientation cues -- chemical, visual or any other -- are disrupted, as all of them cannot but lead the ants back to the route on which they arrived. We have found that workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa can solve the problem. They could not only find the alternative way, but also used the unidirectional traffic system to forage effectively. We suggest that their ability is an evolutionary consequence of the need to deal with environmental irregularities that cannot be negotiated by means of excessively stereotyped behavior, and that it is but an example of a widespread phenomenon. We also suggest that our method can be adapted to other species, invertebrate and vertebrate, in the study of orientation, memory, perception, learning and communication.

The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants.

Science.gov (United States)

Decio, Pâmela; Vieira, Alexsandro Santana; Dias, Nathalia Baptista; Palma, Mario Sergio; Bueno, Odair Correa

2016-01-01

There are several hypotheses about the possible functions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) in ants. The proposed functions include roles as cephalic or gastric caeca and diverticulum of the digestive tract, mixing of hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, feeding larvae, and the accumulation of lipids inside this gland, whose origin is contradictory. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of these glands by examining the protein expression profile of the PPGs of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mated females received lipid supplementation and their glands were extracted and analyzed using a proteomic approach. The protocol used combined two-dimensional electrophoresis and shotgun strategies, followed by mass spectrometry. We also detected lipid β-oxidation by immunofluorescent marking of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Supplying ants with lipids elicited responses in the glandular cells of the PPG; these included increased expression of proteins related to defense mechanisms and signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton due to cell expansion. In addition, some proteins in PPG were overexpressed, especially those involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Part of the lipids may be reduced, used for the synthesis of fatty alcohol, transported to the hemolymph, or may be used as substrate for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to form molecules that drive oxidative phosphorylation and produce energy for cellular metabolic processes. These findings suggest that this organ is specialized for lipid nutrition of adult leaf-cutting ants and characterized like a of diverticulum foregut, with the ability to absorb, store, metabolize, and mobilize lipids to the hemolymph. However, we do not rule out that the PPG may have other functions in other species of ants.

Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Ješovnik

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini is a Neotropical group of fungus-farming ants known for its problematic taxonomy, caused by low morphological variability across the species, vague and old species descriptions, and an outdated and incomplete key published in 1916. Recent molecular studies revealed that Sericomyrmex is the product of a rapid recent radiation, with a divergence date of 4.3 million years ago. Here we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Sericomyrmex based on morphology and a recently published molecular phylogeny. We discuss and illustrate morphological characters for Sericomyrmex workers, males, queens, and larvae. We report 18 standard morphological measurements and 5 indices for 529 workers, 50 queens, and 39 males, which we employ in morphometric analyses. The revised genus Sericomyrmex comprises eleven species, including three new species, here described as S. maravalhas sp. n., S. radioheadi sp. n., and S. saramama sp. n. We also redescribe S. amabilis Wheeler, S. bondari Borgmeier, S. lutzi Wheeler, S. mayri Forel, S. opacus Mayr, S. parvulus Forel, S. saussurei Emery, and S. scrobifer Forel. The number of recognized species (11 is lower than the previously recognized 19 species and 3 subspecies. The following species and subspecies are synonymized: under S. opacus [=S. aztecus Forel syn. n., S. zacapanus Wheeler syn. n., and S. diego Forel syn. n.]; under S. bondari [=S. beniensis Weber syn. n.]; under S. mayri [=S. luederwaldti Santschi syn. n., S. moreirai Santschi syn. n., S. harekulli Weber syn. n., S. harekulli arawakensis Weber syn. n., S. urichi Forel syn. n.]; under S. saussurei [=S. burchelli Forel syn. n., S. impexus Wheeler syn. n., S. urichi maracas Weber syn. n.]; and under S. parvulus [=S. myersi Weber syn. n.]. We provide a key to Sericomyrmex species for the worker caste and information on the geographic distributions of all species.

Musik går direkte i kroppen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Erik

2016-01-01

Erik Christensen, som er musikforsker, indkredser på kort form her, hvad neurovidenskaben foreløbigt kan sige om effekten af at musicere og lytte til musik......Erik Christensen, som er musikforsker, indkredser på kort form her, hvad neurovidenskaben foreløbigt kan sige om effekten af at musicere og lytte til musik...

New urban theory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grønlund, Bo

2002-01-01

Concept of urbanity, urban theory a short overview, Johan Asplund, William Whyte, Henri Lefebvre, Richard Serenelt, Bill Hillrer and Spree Syntax Analyses. Forelæsningsnoter til kursus 3.314 i 2001 og 3.308 i 2002.......Concept of urbanity, urban theory a short overview, Johan Asplund, William Whyte, Henri Lefebvre, Richard Serenelt, Bill Hillrer and Spree Syntax Analyses. Forelæsningsnoter til kursus 3.314 i 2001 og 3.308 i 2002....

Síndrome de Horner após cirurgia estereotáxica para doença de Parkinson Horner syndrome after stereotactic Parkinson's surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz A. Rogano

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos estudo de dez pacientes com doença de Parkison, que foram submetidos a procedimentos ablativos estereotáxicos percutâneos e que desenvolveram síndrome de Horner ipsilateral imediatamente após a lesão. Sete pacientes foram submetidos a palidotomia, dois a subtalamotomia (campotomia de Forel e talamotomia e um paciente a subtalamotomia. Sete desenvolveram miose e os dez desenvolveram semiptose ipsilateral à lesão. A ocorrência da síndrome de Horner resulta possivelmente de lesão de fibras simpáticas entre o hipotálamo, campo de Forel e tálamo.We present ten patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent stereotactic ablative radiofrequency procedures. Seven patients underwent pallidotomy, two subthalamotomy and VIM, and one subthalamotomy. Seven developed miosis and all semiptosis ipsilateral immediately after the procedure. The occurrence of Horner's syndrome is probably due to the lesion of sympathetic fibers among hypothalamus, Forel's field and thalamus after the stereotactic procedure.

Opgavesamling Biokemi 1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjergegaard, Charlotte

Opgavesamling til bachelorkurset LKEB10077 Biokemi 1. Opgaverne er et supplement til forelæsninger og øvelser og har til formål at støtte op om indlæringen af biokemien. Der er inkluderet ret grundige løsninger til de enkelte opgaver.......Opgavesamling til bachelorkurset LKEB10077 Biokemi 1. Opgaverne er et supplement til forelæsninger og øvelser og har til formål at støtte op om indlæringen af biokemien. Der er inkluderet ret grundige løsninger til de enkelte opgaver....

Wave Star

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kramer, Morten; Frigaard, Peter; Brorsen, Michael

Nærværende rapport beskriver foreløbige hovedkonklusioner på modelforsøg udført på Aalborg Universitet, Institut for Vand, Jord og Miljøteknik med bølgeenergianlægget Wave Star i perioden 13/9 2004 til 12/11 2004.......Nærværende rapport beskriver foreløbige hovedkonklusioner på modelforsøg udført på Aalborg Universitet, Institut for Vand, Jord og Miljøteknik med bølgeenergianlægget Wave Star i perioden 13/9 2004 til 12/11 2004....

ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO, INCIDÊNCIA DE Rhizoctonia sp. E EFEITO ANTIXENOSE PARA A FORMIGA-CORTADEIRA Atta sexdens rubropilosa F. EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla TRATADOS COM GIBERELINA1

OpenAIRE

Fabio Santos Matos; Débora Zacarias da Silva; Brenda Rodrigues de Souza; Dahís Ramalho Moura; Vinícius de Araújo Lopes; Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho; Marcio da Silva Araujo

2015-01-01

RESUMO A competitividade do setor florestal brasileiro, fruto das condições climáticas e tecnologia empregada, faz que o país ocupe posição de destaque no cenário mundial. Apesar do elevado crescimento brasileiro no setor florestal, é necessário o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que proporcionem aumento de produtividade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito fisiológico da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de giberelina (GA3) no acúmulo de biomassa do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyp...

Ocorrência de formigas Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865, em alguns municípios do Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i2.1322 Occurrence of ants Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 in some cities of Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i2.1322

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Carlos Forti

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Espécies de Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865, foram coletadas em vários municípios do Brasil, nos seguintes estados: de Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Amapá, e também no Paraguai e no Uruguai, visando atualizar a ocorrência das mesmas. Os exemplares coletados nas viagens foram identificados no laboratório da Fca/Unesp/Botucatu-SP. Foram registradas, pela primeira vez, as ocorrências de A. rugosus rugosus (F. Smith, 1858 no Paraná, em Rondônia e em Santa Catarina; de A. subterraneus subterraneus (Forel, 1893 no Amapá e na Bahia; de A. diasi (Gonçalves, 1982 no Rio Grande do Sul e no Paraná; de A. coronatus (Fabricius, 1804 no Paraná; de A. balzani (Emery, 1890 no Amapá e de A. subterraneus brunneus (Forel, 1911 em GoiásIt were collected species of Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 in many brazilian cities from Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Amapá states and in Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose to bring up-to-date their occurrence. Specimens collected on trips were identified at laboratory of Fca/Unesp/Botucatu-SP. It were recorded, for the first time, the occurrence of A. rugosus rugosus (F. Smith, 1858 in Paraná, Rondônia and Santa Catarina states; A. subterraneus subterraneus (Forel, 1893 in Amapá and Bahia; A. diasi Gonçalves, 1982 in Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states; A. coronatus (Fabricius, 1804 in Paraná; A. balzani (Emery, 1890 in Amapá and A. subterraneus brunneus (Forel, 1911 in Goiás

A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae of Andorra

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Abel Bernadou

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Within the last decade, checklists of the ant fauna of several European countries have been published or updated. Nevertheless, no ant checklists have hitherto been published for the principality of Andorra, a small landlocked country located in the eastern part of the Pyrenees. This work presents a critical list of the ant species of Andorra based on a review of the literature and on the biological material we collected during several field campaigns conducted in Andorra since the year 2005. Seventy-five species belonging to 21 genera of Formicidae were recorded. Nine species were recorded for the first time in Andorra: Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latreille, 1798, Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792, Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825, Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846, Lasius piliferus Seifert, 1992, Tapinoma madeirense Forel, 1895, Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit, 1918, Temnothorax niger (Forel, 1894, Temnothorax nigriceps (Mayr, 1855. The most speciose genera were Formica Linnaeus, 1758 and Temnothorax Forel, 1890 with 14 and 12 species, respectively. The ant fauna of Andorra is mostly dominated by Central European species (some are typical cold climate specialists; however species belonging to the Mediterranean ant fauna were also found. This can be explained by the particular geographic situation of Andorra which is characterized by a high mountain Mediterranean climate.

Prospecção hidrobiológica da Baía de Sepetiba Color and transparence of waters of Sepetiba Bay, in Rio de Janeiro State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lejeune P. H. de Oliveira

1971-01-01

Full Text Available Côr das águas de Sepetiba; as pròpriamente marítimas, pela Escala de Forel e as outras côres aparentes totais feitas por comparação com escalas de SÉGUY e com o Dicionário de Côres de MAERZ & PAUL, 1950. Côr Forel nº6 mostrava no litoral cirrípedes como a Tetraclita squamosa, nas rochas; Águas com a cianofícea planctônica Trichodesmium erythraeum tinham côr de "fôlha de bananeira" ou alpine green. O verde esmeralda mais intenso no local 7, com plancto maciço da diatomácea Coscinodiscus; a parte central da Baía com 150 [quilometros quadrados], cheia de larvas de camarão Penaeus schmidti, águas de cõr de ferrugem nas superfícies das águas; os estuários côr caramelo, isabellinus e bistre. Êste levantamento preliminar serve para comparações futuras, pois a Baía de Sepetiba ainda não é poluída. Futuramente haverá um pôrto de minérios com 3.000.000 de toneladas anuais, cais do pôrto, siderúrgicas e outras indústrias que a poluirão. Várias cõres de águas poluídas da Baía de Guanabara, como águas negras, águas côr de asfalto e outras escurecidas não foram encontradas em Sepetiba. Também não foram encntradas "águas vermelhas" com plancto predominante de dinoflagelados do que já vimos na Baía de Guanabara seguidos de mortandadas de peixes. A fig. 3 mostra as curvas de transparência, e a relação entre côr e transparência é dada para as côres totais aparentes. Foi marcado o coeficiente de extinção da luz K, pelo cálculo a partir do Disco de Secchi. Havendo poluições todos êsses dados que apresentamos deverão ser alterados.The apparent total color of sea by comparison with samples tested by "MAERZ & PAUL: A Dictionary of Colors, 1950". We find green colors of Forel Scale: Forel n. 5 in waters with Pheophyceae, Sargassum, and Rhodophyceae; Forel n. 6 waters in stones with the Cirripedia, the barnacle Tetraclita squamosa; the alpine green in waters with Trichodesmium exuthraeum. Emerald

Digital vejledningsdidaktik

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Jens Jørgen; Remvig, Kirstin

2015-01-01

Working paperet præsenterer det foreløbige forskningsarbejde med at udvikle, konceptualisere og designe syv modeller for uddannelse, vejledning og support af Lektier Online: Lektier Onlines uddannelseskoncept, Lektievejlederens logik, Lektievejlederens kompetenceprofil, Vejledningskompasset, Vejl...

31 CFR Appendix B to Chapter V - Alphabetical Listing of Vessels That Are the Property of Blocked Persons or Specially Designated...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

.../A State Org. of Iraqi Ports FLYING DRAGON CUBA Flight Dragon Shipping Ltd., Malta FOREL IRAQ Iraqi... SHIPPING CO. LTD. (SDN) SHABOOT IRAQ Iraq Fish 1,163 HNLK Rafidain Fisheries Co. Ltd. SHATT AL BASRAH IRAQ...

Preliminary evaluation of boron release and biological resistance of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2011-03-07

Mar 7, 2011 ... 2Forel Marketing and Foreign Trade Inc., Istanbul, Turkey. 3Architectural ... Leachates sampled from the leaching cycles for 10 days and extracts from treated wood specimens were analyzed for boron content. Treated wood ...

Removal and Burial of Weed Seeds by Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) From the Soil Surface of a Cropped Area in Western Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Minkey, D M; Spafford, H

2016-10-01

Although granivorous ants are known to collect weed seeds from cropping areas in Australia, the fate of these seeds has not been adequately investigated. Seeds of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) were placed around the nests of five native ant species (Iridomyrmex greensladei Shattuck, Rhytidoponera metallica Smith, Melophorus turneri Forel, Monomorium rothsteini Forel, and Pheidole hartmeyeri Forel) and tracked continuously over a 24-h period. Removal rates and seed preference of the ant species were evaluated. Ant nests were then excavated to determine the placement of seeds that were taken into each nest. Seed preference, seed removal efficiencies, activity, and seed storage all varied between the ant species. Annual ryegrass seed was collected by three species of ants and was removed from the soil surface more efficiently than wild radish seed. Most ant species stored seed below ground at a depth that is inhibitory to emergence, thereby potentially removing that portion of seed from the seed bank, but some seed was placed at germinable depths. Pheidole hartmeyeri was identified as a likely biological control agent for annual ryegrass seeds and wild radish, while Me. turneri and Mo. rothsteini have potential as biocontrol agents for annual ryegrass, but further research is needed. © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Atratividade da isca granulada de polpa de fruto do jatobá para saúva-limão, no campo Attractiveness of the granulated bait of jatobá's fruit pulp to the leaf- cutting ant, in the field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Lucia França Teixeira

2008-08-01

Full Text Available A atratividade da polpa do fruto de jatobá para saúva-limão foi avaliada tendo como parâmetro comparativo a polpa cítrica desidratada, utilizada como veículo por diversas marcas comerciais. O experimento foi conduzido em quatro formigueiros de saúva-limão em canteiros gramados com espécies arbóreas. As iscas de jatobá e de polpa cítrica desidratada, ambas sem princípio ativo, foram confeccionadas em grânulos com formato e diâmetro semelhantes aos das iscas granuladas comerciais. As iscas de jatobá foram mais atrativas para as operárias de saúva-limão, que fizeram o primeiro contato aos 17s, em contraste com os 29s gastos para o primeiro contato com as iscas de polpa cítrica. As iscas de jatobá também começaram a ser carregadas mais cedo, aos 26s, sendo que as iscas de polpa cítrica foram carregadas 48s mais tarde. A grande aceitação do jatobá foi reforçada pelo menor tempo para o encerramento dos testes, 5min 39s, contrastando com os 11min 17s necessários para o encerramento do teste com a polpa cítrica. A polpa do fruto do jatobá foi mais atrativa para saúva-limão do que a polpa cítrica desidratada.Attractiveness of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta sexdens rubropilosa to jatobá's fruit pulp was evaluated, having the dehydrated citrus pulp as comparative parameter, used as vehicle by several commercial brands. The experiment was conducted on four nests of leaf-cutting ants on lawns with arboreal species. Jatobá baits and dehydrated citric pulp both without active principle were made into granules with form and diameter similar to the commercial granulated baits. Jatobá baits were more attractive to the laborers of leaf-cutting ants which made the first contact after 17s, contrasting with 29s before the first contact with citric pulp baits. Jatobá baits were also carried earlier, after 26s, while citric pulp baits were carried 48s later. The great acceptance of jatobá baits was strengthened by the short time to

Poseidon's paintbox : historical archives of ocean colour in global-change perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Wernand, M. R.

2011-11-01

In the thesis introduction issues are discussed on the historical background of marine optics and on marine optical devices that were used over the past centuries to observe and measure; as in all sciences, in marine optics we can see a steady development: that of ‘measuring’, beginning many centuries ago, to 'knowing' and since less than a century to the understanding of the phenomenon. Hereafter, six themes are treated successively. The first theme, ‘Ocean optics from 1600 (Hudson) to 1930 (Raman), shift in interpretation of natural water colouring’, addresses the question of why it took so long a time to explain the phenomenon ‘the colouring of the sea’, especially the blue colour, despite the age-long interest of sailors, for practical purposes of navigation and detection of fish - of which more later. The second theme ‘On the history of the Secchi disc’, describes the search to establish methods for the determination of (sea) water clarity concerning purposes of navigation (near coast colour changes) just mentioned to detect shoals, and for a more basic purpose, tracing lost objects. The search to determine the clarity of lakes and seas culminated in the invention of the Secchi disc, used since the late 19th century. The third theme, ‘Spectral analysis of the Forel-Ule ocean colour comparator scale’, addresses the accuracy of a colour scale proposed, used in limnology and oceanography. Scale observations are put into perspective with contemporary measurements on the colour of the sea. The fourth theme, ‘Ocean colour changes in the North Pacific since 1930’, handles the question whether long-term ocean colour changes using historic Forel-Ule observations, in this part of the ocean made very frequently over time, can be determined in relation to global change. In principal global warming may cause a gradual change in ocean colour due to the effect of biological, chemical and physical aspects of the ocean-surface. The fifth theme, �

Car pour finir, tout retourne á la mer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ryborg Jørgensen, Thomas

2003-01-01

Læsning af Le Corbusiers Dominikanske Kloster Sainte Marie de La Tourette. Teksten er et foreløbigt delresultat af Thomas Ryborg Jørgensens Phd-afhandling der er under udarbejdelse på Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, med forventet færdiggørelse 2005...

Essere un Medico di base

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olesen, Henning Salling

2006-01-01

Artiklen præsenterer foreløbige resultater fra livshistorisk forskning i alment prkatiserende lægers professionsidentitet og læring i praksis. Med eksempel i medicin skitseres en analysemodel, og et empirisk eksempel fra undersøgelsen gennemgås kortfattet....

Quality in VPL

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Ulla Nistrup; Hansen, Kirsten Aagaard; Andersson, Per

2017-01-01

Artiklen præsenterer den nordiske model for kvalitet i realkomptencer (validering) og kvalitetsbegrebet i forhold til realkompetencer Forskningsprojektets interaktive tilgang bliver kort introduceret. De foreløbige resultater fra tre casestudier i Danmark, Finland og Sverige bliver præsenteret og...

The Palace of Maussollos in Halikarnassos and Some Thoughts on its Karian and International Context

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Poul

2009-01-01

En foreløbig publicering af resultaterne af Halikarnassosprojektets undersøgelser af resterne af Maussollos' Palads under korsridderborgen i Bodrum, Tyrkiet. Desuden en perspektivering af paladsets rolle som et af de første ved indgangen til den hellenistisk-romerske verden....

Hvad er textil design?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Riisberg, Vibeke

2002-01-01

I denne forelæsning fokuseres på textildesign udfra følgende fire aspekter: Konstruktion, taktilitet, funktion og dekoration. Via konstruktionen bliver textilet en fysisk realitet, taktilitet bibringer det specifikke egenskaber, der har betydning for anvendelsen og appellerer til følesansen. Funk...

Medieudsigt: Undersøgende journalistisk på vej fra Vest

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mogensen, Kirsten

2005-01-01

En ny bølge af undersøgende journalistik forudses. Denne genres historie og samfundsmæssige forudsætninger beskrives. Objektivitet og neutralitet som journalistiske normer diskuteres med udgangspunkt i en forelæsning af professor John C. Schweitzer, Bradley Universitet, Illinois....

Lange »krigsballetter«

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Hanne

2016-01-01

Artiklen undersøger Den Westfalske Fred (1648) og Tredveårskrigen (den lange krigsballet) i lyset af nutidige langvarige krigsballetter, der foreløbig har karakteriseret det meste af det 21. århundrede. Begge er fragmenterede, brutale, kyniske, og karakteriseret af reseksualiseret voldsanvendelse...

Phases in Envrionmental Protection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klemmensen, Børge

2007-01-01

Med udgangspunkt i dikotomien mellem privat og offentlig - mellem natur og vareproduktion i stor skala - gennemgåes de væsentlige faser i miljøreguleringen på EU-niveau og Globalt niveau - med sustainability som den foreløbigt sidst formulerede strategi....

Advances in Research on the Venom Chemistry of Imported Fire Ants

Science.gov (United States)

Workers of the imported fire ants, including red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, black imported fire ants, S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid (S. invicta × S. richteri), are vicious stingers. Since the venomous sting is a significant medical problem to humans, the chemistry of import...

Biases in ocean color over a Secchi disk

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pitarch, J.

2017-01-01

The oldest record of ocean color measurements consists of visual comparisonsto a standardized color scale, the Forel-Ule scale (FU). Analysis of FU archived dataallows the construction of a century-long time series. In situ protocols of FUmeasurements require the perceived color to be estimated over

Lærernes perspektiv på ’Motion og bevægelse’ i udskolingen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Henrik Taarsted

tematisering er dermed i højere grad datadrevet end begrebsdrevet. (Kvale & Brinkmann 2009, Braun & Clarke 2006). Analysearbejdet er imidlertid også inspireret af en socioøkologisk model (Bronfenbrenner 1979, McLeroy et al. 1988) og af agency-begrebet (Priestley, Biesta & Robinson 2015). Foreløbige fund viser...

See This Sound

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Thomas Bjørnsten

2009-01-01

Anmeldelse af udstillingen See This Sound på Lentos Kunstmuseum Linz, Østrig, som markerer den foreløbige kulmination på et samarbejde mellem Lentos Kunstmuseum og Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Media.Art.Research. Udover den konkrete udstilling er samarbejdet tænkt som en ambitiøs, tværfaglig...

Good or bad credits from European sources?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Czeskleba-Dupont, Rolf

2010-01-01

statsbudgetter kunne aflastes væsentligt gennem låntagning på EU-plan, hvorigennem grebet i skatteborgernes lommer kunne mindskes. Via kapitalmarkederne kunne opsparing omsættes i investeringer, hvis der forelå enighed om fornuftige projekter som f.eks. på energi- og klimaområdet med massiv støtte til el...

Good or bad credits from European sources?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Czeskleba-Dupont, Rolf

statsbudgetter kunne aflastes væsentligt gennem låntagning på EU-plan, hvorigennem grebet i skatteborgernes lommer kunne mindskes. Via kapitalmarkederne kunne opsparing omsættes i investeringer, hvis der forelå enighed om fornuftige projekter som f.eks. på energi- og klimaområdet med massiv støtte til el...

Kina som stormagt i Arktis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørup Sørensen, Camilla Tenna

I slutningen af januar 2018 offentliggjorde Kina sin længe ventede Arktisstrategi. Den står som en foreløbig kulmination på de senere års udvikling af et mere selvsikkert, proaktivt og sofistikeret kinesisk diplomati i Arktis. Beijing har intensiveret bestræbelserne på at etablere stærke og...

Finansielt tilsyn/finansiel stabilitet/kundeinteresser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Lennart Lynge

2011-01-01

I artiklen drøftes, om finansiel stabilitet og kundeinteresser kan forenes. Artiklen bygger på en forelæsning, hvor forudsætningen var, at der i dag er stigende interesse for kundernes forhold. Afgrænsningen af problemstillingerne skal ses i det lys. Det påvises, at der må arbejdes med begrebet “...

Designprocesser og arbejdsmiljø: Udvikling af ny teknologi til fødevareindustrien

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Broberg, Ole

1999-01-01

Dette papir handler om muligheder og betingelser for at inddrage arbejdsmiljøhensyn i designprocesser. Baggrunden for det er, at jeg har haft mulighed for at følge udviklingen af en ny maskine til fødevareindustrien næsten lige fra de grundlæggende idéer blev udviklet og foreløbig frem til i dag,...

Genetablering af skov på stormfaldsarealer ved naturlig foryngelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brunner, Andreas; Petersen, Flemming Rune

foryngelse i forsøget blev registreret intensivt de første fire år efter stormfaldet i 1999. Resultaterne er foreløbige på grund af den korte tidshorisont, men viser, at det er muligt at genetablere skov på stormfaldsarealer ved hjælp af naturlig foryngelse. Foryngelsen kan i vid udstrækning bygge på de...

Musica Humana og musikterapi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schou, Karin

2005-01-01

I pressen har Musica Humanas projekter på flere danske sygehuse jævnligt været omtalt i de seneste to år, særligt i forbindelse med udgivelsen af serien MusiCure’s foreløbig fire Cd’er. Ordet ’musikterapi’ er blevet anvendt til beskrivelse af disse projekters metode. I artiklen redegøres for defi......I pressen har Musica Humanas projekter på flere danske sygehuse jævnligt været omtalt i de seneste to år, særligt i forbindelse med udgivelsen af serien MusiCure’s foreløbig fire Cd’er. Ordet ’musikterapi’ er blevet anvendt til beskrivelse af disse projekters metode. I artiklen redegøres...... for definitioner af relevante niveauer af musikterapi i denne sammenhæng; Musica Humanas formål; MusiCure’s tilblivelse; baggrunden for og relevansen af en musikterapeuts tilstedeværelse i Musica Humana, samt hvilken rolle musikterapeuten kan spille i denne sammenhæng. Medlemmer af Musica Humanas styregruppe...... bidrager med udsagn om deres opfattelse af relevansen af en musikterapeut som ressourceperson i Musica Humana....

Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus edmondi species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae): integrating qualitative morphology and multivariate morphometric analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rakotonirina, Jean Claude; Csősz, Sándor; Fisher, Brian L

2016-01-01

The Malagasy Camponotus edmondi species group is revised based on both qualitative morphological traits and multivariate analysis of continuous morphometric data. To minimize the effect of the scaling properties of diverse traits due to worker caste polymorphism, and to achieve the desired near-linearity of data, morphometric analyses were done only on minor workers. The majority of traits exhibit broken scaling on head size, dividing Camponotus workers into two discrete subcastes, minors and majors. This broken scaling prevents the application of algorithms that uses linear combination of data to the entire dataset, hence only minor workers were analyzed statistically. The elimination of major workers resulted in linearity and the data meet required assumptions. However, morphometric ratios for the subsets of minor and major workers were used in species descriptions and redefinitions. Prior species hypotheses and the goodness of clusters were tested on raw data by confirmatory linear discriminant analysis. Due to the small sample size available for some species, a factor known to reduce statistical reliability, hypotheses generated by exploratory analyses were tested with extreme care and species delimitations were inferred via the combined evidence of both qualitative (morphology and biology) and quantitative data. Altogether, fifteen species are recognized, of which 11 are new to science: Camponotus alamaina sp. n. , Camponotus androy sp. n. , Camponotus bevohitra sp. n. , Camponotus galoko sp. n. , Camponotus matsilo sp. n. , Camponotus mifaka sp. n. , Camponotus orombe sp. n. , Camponotus tafo sp. n. , Camponotus tratra sp. n. , Camponotus varatra sp. n. , and Camponotus zavo sp. n. Four species are redescribed: Camponotus echinoploides Forel, Camponotus edmondi André, Camponotus ethicus Forel, and Camponotus robustus Roger. Camponotus edmondi ernesti Forel, syn. n. is synonymized under Camponotus edmondi . This revision also includes an identification key to

Humboldt, un prusiano en la Corte del Rey Carlos IV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Puig-Samper, Miguel Ángel

1999-08-01

Full Text Available The study of Alejandro de Humboldt's transit through Spain and particularly Madrid, has been one of the forgotten aspects of his historiography. The reasons that would explain the approval by king Charles IV of his trip, involving the minister Mariano de Urquijo and the embassador of Sajonia, baron of Forell, are not sufficiently documented due to the scarce data that Humboldt himself offered in his work and to the absence of any other supporting documents. This work studies the preparation of his American trip and its approval by the Spanish court. It incorporates the Memorandum presented —which was «lost» until now—, the autobiography submitted to the authorities and the references given by Philippe de Forrell. Furthermore, it analyses his relationships with the Spanish scientific community in Madrid and the profile of the team that supported him to achieve his targets.

El estudio del paso de Alejandro de Humboldt por España y especialmente por Madrid ha sido tradicionalmente uno de los aspectos más olvidados en la historiografía humboldtiana. La repetición de los pocos datos que él mismo ofreció en su obra y la falta de documentos ha hecho insuficiente la explicación de cómo fue aprobado su viaje por el rey Carlos IV, con la intervención del ministro Mariano Luis de Urquijo y del embajador de Sajonia, barón de Forell. En el presente trabajo se estudia la preparación de su viaje americano y su aprobación en la Corte española, aportando la Memoria presentada —abasta ahora «perdida»—, la autobiografía que elevó a las autoridades y el aval de Philippe de Forell. Asimismo se analizan sus relaciones con los científicos españoles en Madrid y el perfil del grupo que le ayudó a conseguir sus objetivos.

Forløbsundersøgelsens data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Dines

2012-01-01

Oversigt over BFU's (forløbsundersøgelsen af danske børn født i 1995) foreløbigt fem første dataindsamlinger og forbindelsen til de tilsvarende forløbsundersøglser af anbragte børn født i 1995 (AFU) samt etniske børn født i 1995 (EFU). Der redegøres for respondenttyper og spørgemåde i de enkelte ...

Den mobile trussel?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Tem Frank

2015-01-01

For nogle år siden var jeg gæsteunderviser på det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Jeg skulle undervise i vidensmedier, og til en af forelæsningerne om sandhed havde jeg sat de studerende til at læse et uddrag af Umberto Ecos ”Foucaults Pendul”. En del af konteksten var også, at der på det tid...... tidspunkt var blevet bragt en artikelserie i dagspressen omkring ”generation dum”....

Growth of symbiont fungi of some higher attine ants in mineral medium Crescimento do fungo simbionte de alguns attine superiores em meio mineral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alci Enimar Loeck

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Bioassays were conducted to verify the possibility of culturing the symbiont fungus of some higher attine in mineral medium and finding out the optimum pH value for their satisfactory mycelial growth. Three organic media and one mineral medium were inoculated with isolates from Atta sexdens piriventris and Acromyrmex heyeri. In mineral medium different values of pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 were tested with isolates from A. laevigata and A. laticeps. The behavior of isolates (colony diameter was different in the mineral medium. However, even the one which grew the least of all provided enough mycelial for RAPD analysis. The best range of pH for fungal growth in mineral medium was between 4.0 and 5.0Foram conduzidos bioensaios para verificar a possibilidade de cultivar o fungo simbionte de alguns attine superiores em meio mineral e obter um valor de pH ótimo para o seu crescimento micelial. Três meios orgânicos e um meio mineral foram testados, avaliando-se o crescimento (diâmetro da colônia de isolados de fungos de Atta sexdens piriventris e Acromyrmex heyeri. No meio mineral, diferentes valores de pH (4,0, 5,0, 6,0 and 7,0 foram avaliados, por meio do mesmo parâmetro anterior, com isolados de fungos de A. laevigata e A. laticeps. No meio mineral, os isolados testados apresentaram crescimento diferenciado, entretanto mesmo aquele que menos cresceu, forneceu material suficiente para as análises de RAPD. No mesmo meio, verificou-se que a melhor faixa de pH para o crescimento micelial está entre 4,0 e 5,0.

Aktiv Undervisning: Et Flipped Læringsdesign af Kursusmoduler på Videregående Uddannelser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirnes Tulic

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Artiklens formål er at undersøge potentialerne i anvendelse af digitale værktøjer i didaktisk design af kursusmoduler på videregående uddannelser med henblik på at fremme læringen og optimere undervisningstiden. Det antages at den digitale revolution, som i dag har stor indflydelse på vores hverdag, har ændret den måde vi tilgår, skaber, deler og udveksler viden, og som konsekvens er den traditionelle forelæsning ikke længere er velegnet til dybdelæring. Der tages udgangspunkt i et kursusmodul ved ingeniøruddannelsen Arkitektur, Design og Mediateknologi, der omhandler bærende konstruktioner i arkitektur. Kurset er struktureret efter den problem- og projekt-baserede lærings-model og intentionen er at udvikle en ny undervisningsform der tager responsen i betragtning, som er modtaget af undervisere og studerende gennem kvalitative og kvantitative undersøgelser af nuværende forhold på kursusmodulet. Artiklen præsentere en ’flipped learning’ tilgang der anvender onlineundervisnings teknologier i kombination med ’gamification’ principper til at danne et stimulerende online læringsmiljø. Ved anvendelse af online undervisning til teoretiske principper og begreber, er det hensigten at transformere den traditionelle præsentationslektion til aktiv læring i forelæsningslokalet, baseret på dialog i plenum.

Universets – foreløbigt – mindste planet er fundet!

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rørbæk, Rasmus; Philippsen, Bente

2013-01-01

Et internationalt forskerhold har analyseret målinger fra Kepler-satellitten og fundet den mindste planet, man endnu har registreret i Universet. ’Stellar Astrophysics Centre’ på Aarhus Universitet har deltaget i arbejdet med at finde og karakterisere den lille planet, der er på størrelse med vores...

Udviklingen i frivilligt arbejde 2004-2012: Foreløbige analyser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fridberg, Torben; Skov Henriksen, Lars; Qvist, Hans-Peter

at belyse ændringer i den danske befolknings frivillige indsats siden 2004, hvor den første omfattende undersøgelse blev gennemført i regi af det internationale Johns Hopkins University Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (Koch-Nielsen m.fl., 2005). Den aktuelle undersøgelse har været gennemført som et...... followup-studie af Johns Hopkins undersøgelsen med de definitioner af frivilligt arbejde og klassifikationer af organisationsområder, der var gældende for denne undersøgelse. Undersøgelsen er således gennemført med identiske metoder med henblik på at sikre en så stor grad af sammenlignelighed mellem de......, og som har tilstrækkelige danskkundskaber til at interviewet kunne gennemføres på dansk, deltog i denne del af undersøgelsen. SFI-Survey har stået for dataindsamlingen i begge tilfælde. Spørgeskemaet, der ligger til grund for undersøgelsens analyser, kan se på forskernetværket CiFri’s hjemmeside: www...

ESCO-samarbejde: en vej til energioptimering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Jesper Ole; Nielsen, Susanne Balslev

2013-01-01

Som forvaltere af bygningsporteføljer er mange danske kommuner i gang med en strategi for energioptimering af eksisterende bygninger. Overvejelserne går på mål og visioner, in-house eller outsourcing af opgaverne, samt vurderinger af konkrete tiltag. En ny rapport opsamler de foreløbige erfaringe...... med brug af ESCO (Energy Service Companies) til energieffektivisering i kommunale bygninger. Målgruppen for rapporten er primært kommunerne, men også andre bygningsejere kan finde inspiration og vejledning til energioptimering i FM....

Hatefulle ytringer. Delrapport 2: Forskning på hat og diskriminering

OpenAIRE

Eggebø, Helga; Stubberud, Elisabeth

2016-01-01

De siste årene har hatefulle ytringer blitt aktualisert som et viktig demokratisk spørsmål på den offentlige og politiske dagsordenen. Likevel finnes det foreløpig lite forskningsbasert kunnskap om hatefulle ytringer i norsk sammenheng. Denne rapporten har som formål å samle, oppsummere og vurdere forskning som belyser sammenhengen mellom hatefulle ytringer og diskriminering, mobbing og vold på den ene siden, og forskning om konsekvenser for samfunnet og for de gruppene som er utsatt på den a...

Bernhard von Gudden, neuro-ophthalmology and the Munich School of Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry.

Science.gov (United States)

Danek, Adrian

2006-12-01

Bernhard von Gudden, psychiatrist to the Royal House of Bavaria (1824-1886), had studied ocular torsion by means of self-observation in the mirror and with the help of after-images for his dissertation of 1848, but later turned to experimental neuroanatomy. Several findings are connected with his name, among them the transverse peduncular tract, part of the accessory optic system. August Forel, Emil Kraepelin and Franz Nissl belonged to his Munich school that took neuroanatomical research as a guiding principle for scientific psychiatry.

How much variation can one ant species hold? Species delimitation in the Crematogaster kelleri-group in Madagascar.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bonnie B Blaimer

Full Text Available We investigated the species-level taxonomy of the Malagasy Crematogaster (Crematogaster kelleri-group and an additional more distantly related species of the same subgenus. Morphological data from worker, queen and male ants, as well as genetic data from three nuclear genes (long wavelength rhodopsin, arginine kinase and carbomoylphosphate synthase and one mitochondrial marker (cytochrome oxidase I led to the recognition of six species. Within the C. kelleri-group, three new species are described: C. hazolava Blaimer sp. n., C. hafahafa Blaimer sp. n. and C. tavaratra Blaimer sp. n. The previously described taxa C. kelleri Forel and C. madagascariensis André are validated by our analysis. Conversely, our data suggests synonymy of C. adrepens Forel (with C. kelleri and C. gibba Emery (with C. madagascariensis. A more distantly related and phylogenetically isolated species, C. tsisitsilo Blaimer sp. n., is further described. We report high levels of morphological and molecular variation in C. kelleri and illustrate that this variation can be explained partly by geography. Species descriptions, images, distribution maps and identification keys based on worker ants, as well as on queen and male ants where available, are presented for all six species. Our work highlights the elevated species richness of Crematogaster ants throughout Madagascar's humid forests, especially in the far northern tip of the island, and the need to use multiple data sources to ensure clear demarcation of this diversity.

Design i Danmark = Danish Design?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lentz, Uffe

2003-01-01

Titlen på denne forelæsning har 3 led skønt det ser ud som om der er 4. Design i Danmark er en geografisk afgrænsning af et ikke særligt veldefineret begreb, der både kan dække over ting og aktiviteter, mens Danish Design er en fælles hat man har markedsført en række produkter under, for at få...... værdiopfattelse før fra det ene produkt til det andet. Et Brand ville det hedde i dag....

MERIS-based ocean colour classification with the discrete Forel-Ule scale

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wernand, M.R.; Hommersom, A.; van der Woerd, H.J.

2013-01-01

Multispectral information from satellite borne ocean colour sensors is at present used to characterize natural waters via the retrieval of concentrations of the three dominant optical constituents; pigments of phytoplankton, non-algal particles and coloured dissolved organic matter. A limitation of

Secondary seed dispersal of Ricinus communis Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae by ants in secondary growth vegetation in Minas Gerais Dispersão secundária de sementes de Ricinus communis Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae por formigas em vegetação secundária em Minas Gerais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available In this study, I tested the efficacy of ants as secondary seed dispersers of Ricinus communis in southeastern Brazil. In a natural population of 143 individuals, I determined the ballistic dispersal distance for 62 seeds and 100 additional seeds were experimentally offered to ants in groups of ten seeds along a transect of 50 m. Fifty-three seeds were removed by ants, mainly by the leafcutter Atta sexdens (90.4%. The dispersal distance by ants was high, compared to the global average (4.38 m ± 0.74 m vs. 0.96 m, but was lower than the ballistic distance (7.27 m ± 0.13 m. Ants increased the total dispersal distance (8.66 m ± 0.60 m, but the main benefit for the plant was the directed dispersal, with seed deposition on the enriched soil of ant nests.Este estudo testou a eficiência de formigas como dispersores secundários de Ricinus communis no Brasil. Em uma população natural de 143 indivíduos, a distância de dispersão balística foi determinada para 62 sementes. Além disso, 100 sementes adicionais foram oferecidas a formigas em grupos de 10, ao longo de um transecto de 50 m. Cinqüenta e três sementes foram removidas por formigas, principalmente pela formiga-cortadeira Atta sexdens (90,4%. A distância de dispersão por formigas foi alta se comparada à média global (4,38m ± 0,74 m vs. 0,96 m, porém menor que a distância de dispersão balística (7,27 m ± 0,13 m. As formigas aumentaram a distância de dispersão total (8,66 m ± 0,60 m, mas o principal benefício para a planta foi a dispersão direcionada, com a deposição das sementes no solo enriquecido encontrado nos ninhos das formigas.

The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae from Southeast Asia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Weeyawat Jaitrong Jaitrong

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The genus Aenictus is a diverse group of army ants in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus ceylonicus group are revised to include twenty-three species (4 named and 19 new species: Aenictus appressipilosus sp. n., A. baliensis sp. n., A. brevipodus sp. n., A. concavus sp. n., A. cylindripetiolus sp. n., A. eguchii sp. n., A. formosensis Forel, 1913 stat. n., A. fuchuanensis Zhou, 2001, A. gonioccipus sp. n., A. itoi sp. n., A. jawadwipa sp. n., A. khaoyaiensis sp. n., A. lifuiae Terayama, 1984, A. longicephalus sp. n., A. maneerati sp. n., A. minipetiolus sp. n., A. pilosus sp. n., A. pinkaewi sp. n., A. sundalandensis sp. n., A. thailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993, A. watanasiti sp. n., A. wilaiae sp. n., and A. wiwatwitayai sp. n. Aenictus ceylonicus var. formosensis Forel is removed from synonymy with A. ceylonicus and raised to full species. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for A. ceylonicus. Redescriptions of Aenictus ceylonicus (Mayr, 1866 (India and Sri Lanka and A. doryloides Wilson, 1964 (India are provided. The queen of A. cylindripetiolus is described. A key to the Southeast Asian species of the group is given based on the worker caste. Most of the Southeast Asian species of this species group have more or less limited distribution ranges. This may be due to the poor dispersal ability generally seen among the Aenictus species, in which the propagule (reproductive unit is an apterous queen plus accompanying workers.

Perception of Blended Learning Inventory (PoBLi)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lassesen, Berit; Stenalt, Maria Hvid; Rossen, Dorte Sidelmann

-to-face med online læring (Blended Learning). I et studie fandt Ellis og kolleger (2006), at undervisere, der overvejende havde opfattelsen af, at de studerende lærte ved, at han/hun formidlede viden til dem, havde en simpel, fragmenteret opfattelse af potentialet ved BL. Derimod syntes en mere......) underviseres oplevelse af undervisningsmiljøet Resultater: Spørgeskema og resultaterne af de foreløbige analyser vil blive præsenteret og diskuteret. Perspektiver: PoBLi-projektet vil bidrage til den eksisterende forskning vedrørende rationalet for inddragelse af blended learning-formatet i...

Fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae on Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: patterns of occurrence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benedito Cortês Lopes

2000-06-01

Full Text Available A taxonomic survey on fungus-growing ants (Attini was made at 14 beaches on Santa Catarina Island (SC, Brazil. The samplings were manual, in soil or litterfall, in the following habitats: sandy beach, herbaceous vegetation and shrubby vegetation. From 12 species of Attini (ten of Acromyrmex Mayr and two of Cyphomyrmex Mayr, the most frequent were Cyphomyrmex morschi Emery and Acromyrmex crassispinus Forel, collected, respectively, on eight and ten of the monitored beaches. Altogether, Sorensen’s similarity coefficients were high (range: 0.59-0.80, in spite of the lower numbers of ant species on sandy beaches

Foreløbige resultater af screening for abdominalt aortaaneurisme i Viborg Amt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lindholt, J S; Fasting, H; Henneberg, E W

1997-01-01

The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and ruptured AAA is increasing. One to three percent of deaths among 65-80 year-old males are caused by AAA. Sixty-six to ninety-five percent of ruptured AAA are lethal, while elective resection has a 3-6% operative mortality. Most AAA's are asymp...

ABS – Arkitektonisk kvalitet i fremtidens læringsrum på universitetet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Cecilie Breinholm; Harder, Henrik; Knudstrup, Mary-Ann

forskningsprojektets hypoteser om, at den fysiske kontekst er af betydning for læringssituationen i den pågældende fysiske kontekst, samt at der dermed er forskel på læringssituationen i de to fysiske kontekster, der danner genstand for empiri-indsamlingen i dette studie. Dog har den fysiske kontekst ikke alene af...... den fysiske kontekst og læringssituationen i den pågældende fysiske kontekst. Dog vil den anvendte metode kunne benyttes i videre forskning på baggrund af ovenstående foreløbige konklusioner, og hvor eksempelvis den sociale kontekst, lovgivning og regler samt curriculum holdes konstant, mens der...

Comparative physical mapping of 18S rDNA in the karyotypes of six leafcutter ant species of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex (Formicidae: Myrmicinae).

Science.gov (United States)

Teixeira, Gisele Amaro; Barros, Luísa Antônia Campos; de Aguiar, Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso; das Graças Pompolo, Silvia

2017-10-01

Leafcutter ants of the Atta and Acromyrmex genera are important plagues in different cultures. Cytogenetic data on chromosome number, morphology, and chromosomal banding pattern are only available for 17 species of leafcutter ants. Molecular cytogenetic data for the detection of ribosomal genes by the FISH technique are scarce, and only 15 Neotropical ant species have been studied. This study aimed to physically map the 18S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of six leafcutter ants belonging to the genera Atta and Acromyrmex using FISH. The results were compared with data on the fluorochrome CMA 3 currently available for these species. All analyzed species presented the 18S rDNA on one pair of chromosomes. In Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans and Ac. aspersus, FISH signals were observed in the terminal region of the short arm of the largest subtelocentric pair, while in Atta bisphaerica, A. laevigata, and A. sexdens, FISH signals were observed in the interstitial region of the long arm of the fourth metacentric pair. In Acromyrmex striatus, 18S rDNA was located in the interstitial region of the second metacentric pair. The karyotypic formula for Ac. aspersus was 2n = 38 (8m + 10sm + 16st + 4a), representing the first report in this species. The observed 18S rDNA regions in A. laevigata, A. sexdens, A. bisphaerica, Ac. aspersus, and Ac. subterraneus molestans corresponded to the CMA 3 + bands, while in Ac. striatus, several GC-rich bands and one pair of 18S rDNA bands were observed. No differential bands were visible using the DAPI fluorochrome. Karyotype uniformity with previously studied Atta spp. was also observed at the level of molecular cytogenetics using 18S rDNA FISH. A difference in the size of the chromosomal pair carrying the 18S rDNA gene was observed in Ac. striatus (2n = 22) and Atta spp. (2n = 22) highlighting the dissimilarity between these species. The results from the present study contribute to the description of 18S rDNA clusters

Vagtordning for el-installationer - en forbrugerservice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skibstrup Eriksen, S.; Ovesen, K.

information om områdets vagttjeneste. Oplysning om vagttjenesten indføres i telefonbøgerne. Hvor henvender forbrugeren sig ved strømsvigt? Kun et sted - på el-leverandørens telefon. Hvilken service skal forbrugeren have? Vagttjenesten skal altid kunne yde den nødvendige hjælp - enten ved udrykning eller et...... råd pr. telefon. Vagttjenesten skal fungere uden for normal arbejdstid. Hvorledes opbygges vagtordningen? El-leverandøren og områdets el-installatører bør optage et nært samarbejde. I fællesskab opbygges de nærmere regler for vagtplaner, takster og færdiggørelse af foreløbige reparationer....

Exit prostitution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mehlsen, Line; Aslaug Kjær, Agnete; Amilon, Anna

2016-01-01

Dette statusnotat for projektet ”Exit Prostitution” belyser de foreløbige resultater og tendenser for projektet. Exit Prostitution løb oprindeligt fra april 2012 til udgangen af 2015, men med en nylig forlængelse løber projektet til udgangen af 2016. Projektet befinder sig således i slutningen af...... afprøvet med succes i forhold til hjemløshed både nationalt og internationalt. Målet med anvendelsen af metoden i forhold til målgruppen for Exit Prostitution er, at borgere med prostitutionserfaring, som ønsker at ophøre med salg af seksuelle ydelser eller ønsker at opleve en forbedring af deres...

A new species of the ant genus Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae from the Caribbean region

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Matthew Prebus

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Bothriomyrmex enigmaticus sp. nov. is described from the island of Hispañola based on one nest collection. This is the first collection of the genus Bothriomyrmex (Emery, 1869 from the Caribbean region, and the second species to be described from the Americas. While sharing several characters with B. paradoxus (Dubovikoff & Longino, 2004 from Costa Rica and Honduras, B. enigmaticus sp. nov. diverges in several key characters, including palp formula. However, a morphometric comparison to Palearctic species of the tribe Bothriomyrmecini suggests affinities to B. paradoxus, Chronoxenus wroughtoni (Forel, 1895 of the eastern Palearctic, and to a lesser extent an undescribed species of Arnoldius (Dubovikoff, 2005 from Australia and B. corsicus (Santschi,1923 of the western Palearctic.

THE MYRMICINE ANT GENUS ALLOMERUS MAYR (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE

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FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Allomerus Mayr is revised. The genus isapparently monophyletic based on the antennal club confi guration. I recognize 8 species(4 described as new: Allomerus brevipilosus n. sp. (Brazil, A. decemarticulatusMayr (Brazil, French Guiana, A. dentatus n. sp. (Venezuela, A. maietae n. sp.(Brazil, A. octoarticulatus Mayr (=A. tuberculatus Forel n. syn. = A. octoarticulatusvar. demerarae W. M. Wheeler n. syn. = A. novemarticulatus Wheeler & Mann n.syn. [Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru], A. septemarticulatus Mayrstatus rev. (Brazil, A. undecemarticulatus n. sp. (Venezuela and A. vogeli Kempf(Venezuela, Brazil. Better knowledge of the taxonomy of Allomerus is needed tounderstand the apparently sporadic differences in antennal fl agellomere number andspeciation processes that are probably linked to plant cavity colonization.

Dilemmaer i tillidsrepræsentant-arbejdet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sommer, Finn M.; Ahrenkiel, Annegrethe; Dybbroe, Betina

2006-01-01

Arbejdet som tillidsrepræsentant (TR) rummer en lang række udfordringer, prioriteringer og dilemmaer, som den enkelte TR må håndtere. De mange dilemmaer, som den enkelte TR står i, som vi har set og oplevet, peger på, at der ikke kun er én rigtig måde at forholde sig til disse på. Vælger TR'en den...... ene pol i et oplevet dilemma, betyder det samtidig, at den anden pol nedtones eller udelukkes. Ofte anses begge poler i hverdagens dilemmaer som betydningsfulde, både for den enkelte TR og for medlemmerne, sygeplejefaget og Dansk Sygeplejeråd som organisation. Det er nogle af de foreløbige resultater...

Bridging the Gap – foreløbige perspektiver vedrørende læreruddannelsen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Lars Emmerik Damgaard; Bjerg, Helle

læreruddannelsen viser empirien fra Bridging the Gap blandt andet, hvordan praktikken er indlejret i nøje tilrettelagte undervisningsforløb, der sigter på at give de studerende et tættere kontakt til praksis, samt på at give teoretiske kundskaber, der kan anvendes til forberedelse, gennemførelse og bearbejdning af...

The early eugenics movement and emerging professional psychiatry: conceptual transfers and personal relationships between Germany and North America, 1880s to 1930s.

Science.gov (United States)

Stahnisch, Frank W

2014-01-01

French-Austrian psychiatrist Bénédict Augustin Morel's (1809-1873) Traits des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine (1857) was fully dedicated to the social problem of "degeneration" and it became very attractive to German-speaking psychiatrists during the latter half of the 19th century. Auguste Forel (1848-1931) and Constantin von Monakow (1853-1930) in Zurich integrated Morel's approach and searched for the somatic and morphological alterations in the human brain; a perspective of research that Ernst Ruedin (1874-1952) at Munich further prolonged into a thorough analysis of hereditary influences on mental health. This paper investigates the continuities and major differences within some early eugenic traditions of the emerging field of psychiatry in the German-speaking countries and North America.

LIMNOLOGY, LAKE BASINS, LAKE WATERS

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Petre GÂŞTESCU

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Limnology is a border discipline between geography, hydrology and biology, and is also closely connected with other sciences, from it borrows research methods. Physical limnology (the geography of lakes, studies lake biotopes, and biological limnology (the biology of lakes, studies lake biocoenoses. The father of limnology is the Swiss scientist F.A. Forel, the author of a three-volume entitled Le Leman: monographie limnologique (1892-1904, which focuses on the geology physics, chemistry and biology of lakes. He was also author of the first textbook of limnology, Handbuch der Seenkunde: allgemeine Limnologie,(1901. Since both the lake biotope and its biohydrocoenosis make up a single whole, the lake and lakes, respectively, represent the most typical systems in nature. They could be called limnosystems (lacustrine ecosystems, a microcosm in itself, as the American biologist St.A. Forbes put it (1887.

Reconhecimento da prole por operárias companheiras e não companheiras de ninho em Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae Brood recognition by workers of Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae

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Danival José de Souza

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se a capacidade de discriminação de formas jovens de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus por operárias adultas da mesma subespécie. Eram oferecidas, na área de forrageamento, larvas e pupas companheiras e não companheiras de ninho, sendo quantificado o comportamento frente a essas formas jovens. Foram utilizadas colônias oriundas do município de Paraopeba, MG, Brasil, mantidas em condições de laboratório. Os resultados evidenciaram que essa subespécie não é capaz de discriminar formas jovens companheiras e não companheiras de ninho, ou seja, transportaram indiscriminadamente as formas jovens oferecidas para o interior do ninho. Também não se observou diferença significativa para o tempo de resposta de aceitação de prole companheira e não companheira de ninho.This study investigated the behavioral response (acception or rejection of Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus to their brood and to brood from different colonies of this subespecies. The four colonies used in the bioassays came from Paraopeba, MG, Brazil. Workers accepted either brood from their colonies or from different colonies. There was no significant difference on the time for brood acceptance (transport to the interior of the nest among nestmates and non-nestmates.

First cytogenetic characterization of a species of the arboreal ant genus Azteca Forel, 1978 (Dolichoderinae, Formicidae

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Danon Cardoso

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present, for the first time, a detailed karyotype characterization of a species of the genus Azteca (Dolichoderinae, Formicidae. Cerebral ganglia from Azteca trigona Emery, 1893 were excised and submitted to colchicine hypotonic solution and chromosomal preparations were analyzed through conventional staining with Giemsa, C-banding, silver nitrate staining (AgNO3 and sequential base-specific fluorochromes. The analysis shows that A. trigona has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes. The karyotype consists of five metacentric pairs, seven acrocentric pairs and two pseudo-acrocentric pairs, which represents a karyotype formula 2K= 10M + 14A + 4AM and a diploid number of the arms 2AN = 38. The analysis of heterochromatin distribution revealed a positive block on distal region of the short arm of fourth metacentric pair, which was coincident with Ag-NOR band and CMA3 fluorochrome staining, meaning that rDNA sequences are interspaced by GC-rich base pairs sequences. The C-banding also marked short arms of other chromosomes, indicating centric fissions followed by heterochromatin growth. The karyotype analysis of A. trigona allowed the identification of cytogenetic markers that will be helpful in a difficult taxonomic group as Azteca and discussion about evolutionary aspects of the genome organization.

Cryptococcus haglerorum, sp. nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Middelhoven, W.J.; Fonseca, A.; Carreiro, S.C.; Pagnocca, F.C.; Bueno, O.C.

2003-01-01

A yeast strain (CBS 8902) was isolated from the nest of a leaf-cutting ant and was shown to be related to Cryptococcus humicola. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the 26S ribosomal DNA and physiological characterization revealed a separate taxonomic position. A novel species named Cryptococcus

Maskuliniteter i bevægelse?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Ann-Dorte; Hansen, Claus D.; Bloksgaard, Lotte

. Datamaterialet bygger især på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse med svar fra mere end 4.000 mandlige ambulancereddere og slagteriarbejdere som indgår som hovedundersøgelse i forskningsprojektet ”MARS – Mænd, arbejdsulykker og sikkerhed”. (se yderligere: http://www.soc.aau.dk/forskning/mars/forside). Projektet har til...... hensigt at undersøge sammenhænge mellem maskulinitet, arbejdsmiljø og arbejdsulykker i de to mandedominerede brancher. I papiret vil der især blive inddraget resultater fra de to kvantitative undersøgelser, men der vil også i blive inddraget resultater fra fem supplerende fokusgruppeinterviews, der er....... ambulancereddernes og slagteriarbejdernes relation til familie og omsorg. Fra de foreløbige resultater (som kun omfatter ambulanceredderne) kan vi allerede se, at der er markante forskelle mellem samboende unge og ældre reddere: Eksempelvis er der blot 7% af de 60 årige laver selv mad, mens det er 20 % blandt de 18...

The Effect of NIR Light and the Light-Activated Antimicrobial Agent on Wound Pathogenic Biofilms; Implication for Nonpharmacologic Chronic Wound Treatment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Omar, Ghada Said Mohammed

2015-01-01

to the increase of lifestyle diseases, as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The presence of bacterial biofilms is considered an important factor responsible for wounds chronicity. Therefore, this study investigates the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) laser in vitro, in disrupting wound pathogenic...... biofilms. Metoder / Methods Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in a 96-well microtiter plate for 18-22 h. The study included 4 arms: (a) control; (b) 200 µg/mL Indocyanin green (ICG) kept in the dark, (c) NIR laser alone; (d) NIR laser combined with 200 µg/mL. ICG....... The biofilms were exposed to different light doses from the 808 nm NIR laser at a fluence rate of 0.3 W/cm2. Crystal violate assay and viable count were used to detect the effect. (Foreløbige) resultater / (Preliminary) Results A light dose of 90 J/cm2 killed approximately 99.9% of P. aeruginosa bacterial...

Biological Control of Solenopsis Fire Ants by Pseudacteon Parasitoids: Theory and Practice

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Lloyd W. Morrison

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Pseudacteon parasitoids are potential biocontrol agents of invasive Solenopsis fire ants. Pseudacteon species that parasitize the invasive S. invicta Buren and S. richteri Forel have been introduced to, and naturally dispersed across, the southeastern USA, although there is no evidence yet that Solenopsis host ant populations have decreased. The ability of introduced Pseudacteon species to regulate Solenopsis populations will depend upon the relative importance of top-down effects in the recipient communities. In this paper, I examine the characteristics of the Pseudacteon/Solenopsis parasitoid/host system and evaluate the extent to which research findings are consistent with top-down control. Laboratory and field experiments evaluating Solenopsis population regulation have been equivocal, and overall the available evidence provides little support for strong top-down effects in this system. Competitive exclusion may occur among introduced Pseudacteon species, and future efforts at biological control are likely to be more efficacious if they focus on other types of natural enemies.

(Bi)literacy i det flersprogede klasserum

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laursen, Helle; Lundqvist, Ulla; Orluf, Birgit

I dette og et foregående paper præsenteres programmet Tegn på sprog - tosprogede børn lærer at læse og skrive og de foreløbige resultater heraf. I dette paper sættes særligt fokus på (bi)literacypraksisser i klasserummet og på børns brug af literacy, som det kommer til udtryk gennem deres...... information, der er tilgængelig for dem i de sociale fællesskaber, de indgår i (Kress 1997, 2000, Kenner 2004). For børn, der vokser op i flersprogede omgivelser, vil mødet med skriftsprog omfatte møder med skrift på flere sprog. Dataindsamlingen omfatter i 2008/2009 klasserumsobservationer i de fem 0...... skabes i klasserummet. Derudover diskuteres forståelsen af literacy og literacyunder-visning i lyset af den sproglige diversitet, man finder i mange klasserum....

M-commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ulhøi, John Parm; Jørgensen, Frances

2009-01-01

Når små og mellemstore virksomheder (SMVer [F1] ) vover sig ud i nye forretningsmuligheder, som baserer sig på mobile devices via trådløs kommunikation med et forretningsmæssigt formål for øje eller 'Mobile Commerce' (M-commerce), skal de være meget dygtige til både at udnytte forkantsteknologier...... af disse netværk som en central del af nye M-commerce forretningsmodeller for SMVer og at redegøre for de foreløbige resultater fra projektets indledende fase. Projektets formål er at udforske, beskrive og facilitere udviklingen af nye forretningsmodeller for M-commerce i danske SMVer. Data er blevet...... indsamlet gennem dybdeinterview. Artiklen bidrager til teori om M-commerce forretningsmodeller, og i særdeleshed, modeller der karakteriseres af intenst netværkssamarbejde.   [F1] Jeg er ikke overbevist, at vi ikke skulle bruge SMEs, da det er meget mere kendt, også herhjemme....

Behavioural and chemical studies of discrimination processes in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus (Forel, 1908

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. J. Souza

Full Text Available Leaf-cutting ants live in symbiosis with a basidiomycete fungus that is exploited as a source of nutrients for ant larvae. Tests of brood transport revealed that Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus workers did not discriminate a concolonial brood from an alien brood. The same result was observed with tests of fungus transport. Adult workers showed no aggressive behaviour to workers from other alien colonies (non-nestmates. There was no qualitative variation in the chemical profiles of larvae, pupae and adult workers from the different colonies. However, quantitative differences were observed between the different colonies. Hypotheses about the lack of intraspecific aggression in this subspecies of ants are discussed.

[Sigmund Freud and the "Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus"].

Science.gov (United States)

Tanner, Terence A

2005-01-01

While Freud was always ready to acknowledge the debt that psychoanalysis owed to hypnotism, his engagement in its study and medical application is often seen by historians as little more than a passing phase on the way to psychoanalysis proper. This paper attempts to redress the balance by exploring Freud's association with the most influential German-language journal devoted to hypnotism, the Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus. Freud not only contributed a paper to this periodical but also served on its editorial board for the first three years of its existence. There also appeared in the journal one review and six abstracts of his work. After a condensed bibliographical account of the journal, a summary is given of Freud's intellectual and professional contacts and exchanges with three of the key individuals associated with it: August Forel, Jonas Grossmann and Oskar Vogt. Finally clarification is given of the publication history of the "Dora" case history and the chronology of its rejection for publication by Korbinian Brodmann, editor of the journal when it became the Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie.

Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia

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Mostafa Sharaf

2018-02-01

Full Text Available We revise the taxonomy of the myrmicine ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group for the Arabian Peninsula. Six species are recognized: Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, M. clavicorne André, 1881, M. exiguum Forel, 1894, M. holothir Bolton, 1987, M. mohammedi sp. n., and M. sarawatense Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013. On the basis of the worker caste, we describe Monomorium mohammedi sp. n. from the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA. We designate a neotype for Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti and redescribe and illustrate the worker caste. Furthermore, we provide a worker-based species identification key, distribution maps for the treated species, and ecological and biological notes, if available. Monomorium holothir is recorded for the first time from the KSA. Also, we propose M. clavicorne var. punica Santschi, 1915a as a junior synonym of M. clavicorne, as well as M. dryhimi Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011 and M. montanum Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 to be treated as junior synonyms of Monomorium exiguum.

Kommentarer til SNS for et fælles dansk svar. Public consultation on the working document on general surveillance. Modtaget 02-08-2005, deadline 01-09-2005, svar 01-09-2005

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjellsson, Gøsta; Damgaard, Christian; Strandberg, Morten Tune

2005-01-01

supplementing Annex VII of Directive 2001/18/EC” med repræsentanter fra de fleste EU-lande (GK deltager for Danmark). Resultaterne af dette arbejde er dog foreløbig fortrolige. Som udgangspunkt vil det være hensigtsmæssigt at få en samlet oversigt over relevante emner for den generelle overvågning af GMO(P) og...... hvilke eksisterende overvågningsprogrammer der kan anvendes (som EFSA dokumentet også anfører, l. 134-167). Det er dog vigtigt at overvågningen ikke bliver for fokuseret på bestemte effekter og at alle relevante observationer og data anvendes i overvågningen. Foruden landbrugs-organisationer bør også...... om det vil være relevant at anvende data for populationsændringer af mobile organismer højere oppe i fødekæden (fx fugle). Det primære sammenligningsgrundlag (”baseline”) for overvågningen af effekter af GMO-afgrøder i dyrkede arealer og de nærmeste omgivelser vil være tilsvarende arealer og afgrøder...

CONTROL OF THE BLACK LEAF CUTTING ANT, Acromyrmex crassispinus, WITH POWDERED FORMICIDES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrique Moreira Link

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Four experiments  were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of some powdered formicides on the control of the black leaf cutting ant, Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, in Santa Maria county, from 1996 until 1998. Powdered formicides containing  Fenthion at 50g a. i./kg, Imidacloprid at  4g a. i./kg, Betacyfluthrin at 2g a. i./kg, Chlorpyrifos at 20g a. i./kg and at 50g a. i./kg, Deltamethrin at  2g a. i./kg, Acephate at 750g a. i./kg and Diazinon at 10g a. i./kg were evaluated on big nests (>80cm of diameter. The big nests of this ant were efficiently controlled with 30g/nest of the commercial formulations of Fenthion, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos (20g a. i./kg and  50g a. i./kg; with 3g/nest of the formulation of Acephate; with 5g/nest in dry season and 30g/nest in wet season of the powdered formulation of Deltamethrin.

Udbredelse af den invasive polychaete Marenzelleria spp. i danske farvande samt effekten på sedimentmiljøet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christoffersen, Kenn L; Banta, Gary Thomas

De europæiske arter af børsteormen Marenzelleria består af tre siblingearter (M. viridis, M. neglecta og M. arctia). De stammer oprindeligt fra den Nord Amerikanske østkyst og Arktis og har været i den sydlige Østersø siden de tidlige 1980’ere. De har stor tolerance over for svingende salinitet...... genetisk analyse efter metoden beskrevet i Blank et al. 2007 [1]. De genetiske metoder er baseret på PCR/RFLP og bruges i dette projekt til at bestemme udbredelsen af de tre sibling arter i danske farvande. Den quantitative fauna opgørelse, samt de forskellige sediment parametre, såsom organisk indhold og...... Sjælland mangler stadig, men forventes foretaget før mødet. På mødet præsenteres foreløbig data om Marenzellerias udbredelse og sedimentkarakteristika.. [1] Blank M., Laine A.O., Jürss K. and Bastrop R. 2007. Molecular identification key based on PCR/RFLP for three polychaete sibling species of the genus...

Seed dispersal and predation of Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler (Combretaceae in a Cerrado sensu stricto, midwest Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Farias

Full Text Available Abstract The ecology of seed dispersal is critical to understand the patterns of distribution and abundance of plant species. We investigated seed dispersal aspects associated with the high abundance of Buchenavia tomentosa in the Serra Azul State Park (PESA. We estimated fruit production and conducted fruit removal experiments. We carried out diurnal and nocturnal observations on frugivory as well as germination tests. Fruiting occurred in the dry season and totaled 1,365,015 ± 762,670 fruits.ha–1. B. tomentosa fruits were utilized by eight animal species. The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris was considered the main seed disperser. Leafcutter ants (Atta laevigata and Atta sexdens participated in the seed cleaning and occasionally dispersed seeds. The beetle Amblycerus insuturatus, blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna and red-and-green macaw (Ara chloropterus were considered pre-dispersal seed predators. The seeds manually cleaned presented higher germination rate (100% and speed index (4.2 seeds.d–1 than that of seeds with pulp. Germination of seeds found in tapirs’feces was 40%, while for the seeds without pulp it was 25%. The high abundance of B. tomentosa in the cerrado of PESA may be due to massive fruit production, low rates of seed predation, and efficient seed dispersal by tapirs, occurring before the rains which promote germination and recruitment of this species.

Crescimento do fungo simbionte de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex em meios de cultura com diferentes extratos Growth of symbiont fungi of cutter ants of the genus Acromyrmex in means of culture with different extracts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regina da Silva Borba

2006-06-01

Full Text Available As formigas cortadeiras mostram preferência por algumas espécies vegetais, as quais são constantemente desfolhadas, enquanto outras não são atacadas, embora sejam abundantes e localizadas próximas ao ninho. As formigas dos gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex cortam plantas e transportam pedaços para os formigueiros. O material vegetal é usado para o cultivo do fungo Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, do qual se alimentam. Vários trabalhos utilizando extratos de plantas têm sido realizados para avaliar o efeito sobre o desenvolvimento do fungo simbionte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de meios de cultura acrescidos de diferentes extratos sobre o crescimento do fungo L. gongylophorus. Fungos das espécies Acromyrmex ambiguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heyeri e Acromyrmex lundi foram inoculados nos meios Ágar Nutritivo e BDA, ambos acrescidos de melaço e de extratos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam., tifa (Typha angustifolia L. e formiga (Atta sexdens piriventris. O meio Pagnocca foi utilizado como padrão. As placas foram mantidas em câmaras climatizadas à temperatura de 25 + 1°C e escotofase de 24 hs, por um período de 49 dias. O crescimento fúngico foi avaliado com base no diâmetro da colônia, sendo este avaliado em intervalos semanais, totalizando sete avaliações. Também foi avaliado o peso seco do fungo aos 53 dias. Os resultados mostraram que o fungo cultivado por diferentes espécies de formigas tem crescimento diferenciado em meios de cultura com diferentes extratos.The cutter ants show preference for some vegetable species, which are constantly defoliated, while others are not attacked, although they are abundant and located close to the nest. The ants of the goods Atta and Acromyrmex cut plants and they transport pieces to the anthills. The vegetable material is used for the cultivation of the mushroom Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, mushroom from of which theyfeed. Several works using extracts of

ESCO i danske kommuner: En opsamling af motiver, overvejelser og foreløbige erfaringer med ESCO i kommunale bygninger

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Jesper Ole; Nielsen, Susanne Balslev; Hansen, Jesper Rohr

Rapporten har til formål at give overblik over de hidtidige erfaringer med brug af ESCO i danske kommuner. ESCO er i dansk sammenhæng en ny samarbejdsform, som i de seneste år er blevet aktualiseret af ønsket om energioptimering af eksisterende bygninger. ESCO, som den benyttes herhjemme, adskill...

New Host Record for Camponotophilus delvarei (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae, a Parasitoid of Microdontine Larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae, Associated with the Ant Camponotus sp. aff. textor

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Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Microdontine syrphid flies are obligate social parasites of ants. Larvae prey on ant brood whereas adults live outside the nests. Knowledge of their interaction with their host is often scarce, as it is information about their natural enemies. Here we report the first case of parasitism of a species of microdontine fly by a myrmecophilous eurytomid wasp. This is also the first host record for Camponotophilus delvarei Gates, a recently described parasitic wasp discovered in Chiapas, Mexico, within the nests of the weaver ant, Camponotus sp. aff. textor Forel. Eleven pupal cases of a microdontine fly were found within a single nest of this ant, five of them being parasitized. Five adult C. delvarei females were reared from a puparium and 29 female and 2 male pupae were obtained from another one. The eurytomid is a gregarious, primary ectoparasitoid of larvae and pupae of Microdontinae, its immature stages developing within the protective puparium of the fly. The species is synovigenic. Adult females likely locate and parasitize their hosts within the ant nest. As some species of Microdontinae are considered endangered, their parasitoids are likewise threatened and in need of accurate and urgent surveys in the future.

Assessing the direct effects of deep brain stimulation using embedded axon models

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Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N.; Steinmetz, Peter N.

2007-06-01

To better understand the spatial extent of the direct effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on neurons, we implemented a geometrically realistic finite element electrical model incorporating anisotropic and inhomogenous conductivities. The model included the subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN), zona incerta (ZI), fields of Forel H2 (FF), internal capsule (IC) and Medtronic 3387/3389 electrode. To quantify the effects of stimulation, we extended previous studies by using multi-compartment axon models with geometry and orientation consistent with anatomical features of the brain regions of interest. Simulation of axonal firing produced a map of relative changes in axonal activation. Voltage-controlled stimulation, with clinically typical parameters at the dorso-lateral STN, caused axon activation up to 4 mm from the target. This activation occurred within the FF, IC, SN and ZI with current intensities close to the average injected during DBS (3 mA). A sensitivity analysis of model parameters (fiber size, fiber orientation, degree of inhomogeneity, degree of anisotropy, electrode configuration) revealed that the FF and IC were consistently activated. Direct activation of axons outside the STN suggests that other brain regions may be involved in the beneficial effects of DBS when treating Parkinsonian symptoms.

Tamaño y composición de la colonia de tres especies de hormigas del género Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae en la porción central del desierto del Monte, Argentina Colony size and composition in three Pogonomyrmex ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae in the central Monte desert, Argentina

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Beatriz E. Nobua Behrmann

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El tamaño de la colonia es un atributo fundamental en la biología de las hormigas ya que está asociado a características ecológicamente relevantes, como sus estrategias de alimentación. Mientras que el tamaño de la colonia de varias especies de hormigas granívoras del género Pogonomyrmex de América del Norte se ha estudiado en detalle, no existe tal información para las especies de América del Sur. En este trabajo, se determinó el tamaño y la composición de la colonia y se describió la estructura del nido de tres especies de Pogonomyrmex que habitan la porción central del desierto del Monte en Argentina: P. mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, P. inermis Forel y P. rastratus Mayr. Para ello, se excavaron dos nidos de cada especie y se recolectaron todos los individuos encontrados. Las tres especies tienen colonias pequeñas, compuestas por 300-1.100 individuos, de los cuales aproximadamente el 70% son obreras adultas. La estructura de sus nidos es relativamente simple, similar a la de la mayoría de las especies norteamericanas estudiadas, pero con un menor desarrollo en profundidad y un número menor de cámaras; probablemente se deba al menor número de obreras que poseen. Estas características (colonias pequeñas y nidos poco desarrollados son consideradas típicas para las especies del género Pogonomyrmex de América del Sur, lo que las diferencia de la mayoría de sus congéneres estudiados en América del Norte.Colony size in ants is associated with important ecological characteristics such as foraging strategy. Though colony size has been studied with some detail for several North American species of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants, it remains unknown for South American species. We studied colony size, composition, and nest structure of three species of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants inhabiting the central Monte desert in Argentina: P. mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, P. inermis Forel and P. rastratus Mayr. We excavated two nests of each

Forandring af undervisningspraksis - hvordan bruger lærere IT i nærundervisningen?

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Helle Bækkelund Jensen

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Første gang publiceret i UNEV nr. 1: Undervisningsformer på nettet, november 2003, red. Simon Heilesen og Helle Bækkelund Jensen. ISSN 1603-5518.

Denne artikel søger at klarlægge, hvordan og ikke mindst hvorfor universitetsundervisere anvender IKT, og hvilke forandringer af deres pædagogiske praksis, de oplever. Bagved ligger en antagelse om, at undervisernes måde at anvende bestemte former for teknologi på samtidig siger noget om, hvordan de opfatter undervisningen og deres rolle i denne. Samtidig er det interessant at undersøge den aktuelle praksis, sådan som den beskrives og genfortælles af praktikerne (underviserne, for at lære noget om, hvordan teknologien er kommet ind i undervisningen og hvordan undervisning begribes – for i sidste ende at kunne sige noget om, hvordan man kan tilrettelægge IKT-pædagogisk kompetenceudvikling for universitetsundervisere. Artiklen handler om universiteternes dagstudier, hvor der er tale om netstøttet undervisning i den form, at web-steder bliver specielt oprettet og anvendt til undervisningen på universitetets on-campus uddannelser som en udbygning eller supplement til forelæsninger og kursusundervisning.

Poneromorph Ants Associated with Parasitoid Wasps of the Genus Kapala Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae in French Guiana

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Jean-Paul Lachaud

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Eucharitid wasps are specific, specialized parasitoids of ants. The genus Kapala Cameron is the most common in the Neotropics but few species are described, and information dealing with their biology, behavior and host associations is scarce. Numerous poneromorph ant colonies were inspected over 4 collection surveys in French Guiana. A diverse fauna of parasites and parasitoids was found, including mermithid nematodes, flies, eucharitids, and another gregarious endoparasitoid wasp. Five new host associations for Kapala are reported, all of them involving medium- to large-size poneromorph ant species from 4 genera: Ectatomma brunneum Fr. Smith, Gnamptogenys tortuolosa (Fr. Smith, Odontomachus haematodus (L., O. mayi Mann, and Pachycondyla verenae (Forel. Three other associations involving O. hastatus (Fabr., P. apicalis (Latreille, and P. stigma (Fabr., already reported for other countries but new for French Guiana, are confirmed. The data extend the number of hosts for Kapala to 24 ant species from 7 genera. The high diversity of the ant host genera associated with Kapala, combined with the fact that these ant genera are the most widely distributed among Neotropical poneromorph ants, could account for the dominant status of the genus Kapala among the eucharitine wasps of Central and South America.

Er konsum av melk og egg assosiert med risiko for kreft? Foreløpige resultater fra en prospektiv undersøkelse

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Grethe Albrektsen

2009-10-01

Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGSammenhenger mellom kreftinsidens og konsum av egg og melk er studert i en prospektiv undersøkelse avca. 50 000 personer i alderen 30-69 år. Kostholdsdataene ble samlet inn i forbindelse med andre runde avhjerte- og karundersøkelsene som ble gjennomført av Statens helseundersøkelser i Finnmark, Sogn ogFjordane og Oppland i perioden 1977-83. Gjennomsnittlig oppfølgingstid var 11,8 år. Omlag 2000 personerfikk en kreftdiagnose i løpet av oppfølgingsperioden. Insidensrate-ratioer er beregnet i en log-lineærPoissonregresjon basert på personår under risiko. Vi fant ingen sammenheng mellom total kreftinsidens ogkonsum av melk (glass pr. dag eller egg (antall pr. uke, men for spesifikke krefttyper observerte vi enkelteassosiasjoner. Det arbeides nå med mer detaljerte analyser og med internasjonal publisering av resultatene.Albrektsen G, Heuch I, Jacobsen BK, Kvåle G. Is milk and egg consumption associated with cancerrisk? Preliminary results from a prospective study. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2: 205-208.ENGLISH SUMMARYAssociations between cancer incidence and consumption of milk and eggs were examined in a prospectivestudy of about 50,000 persons aged 30-69 years. The mean follow-up period was 11.8 years. About 2000persons were diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios were calculated in a log-linearPoisson regression model of person-years at risk. No relations were found between overall cancer incidenceand consumption of milk (glasses per day or eggs (number per week, but some associations were observedfor specific sites. The analysis of the data is in progress and the results presented are preliminary.

Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation

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Roberto S. Camargo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation. In this study we aimed to ascertain whether leaf-cutting ant workers lose body reserves (fat or sugars as a function of nest excavation. For each treatment, we isolated 10 workers of Atta sexdens into two experimental groups, Control (C- without excavation and Soil (S- with excavation, which were kept for different time intervals (0, 24, 48 or 72 hours, totaling 700 tested workers. We then determined the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and total lipid content in them. The total carbohydrates were determined colorimetrically, based on the reaction between carbohydrates and sulfuric acid-phenol. For determination of lipids, the insects were immersed in organic solvent until they reached a constant weight. Our results showed that carbohydrates are consumed during nest excavation activities. In the experimental groups S24, S48 and S72, there was an average reduction of 5.82 (20.42%, 14.31 (44.96% and 13.27 (43.96% µ.mg-1 in soluble sugar when compared with the experimental groups that did not excavate. Furthermore, the lipids were not used during this activity. With respect to dry mass of the workers, their values were C0 = 8%, C24 = 10.4%, C48 = 9.2%, C72 = 10%, S24 = 9.2%, S48 = 8.7% and S72 = 8.5%. Our results show experimentally that the source of energy for nest excavation is carbohydrates, whereas lipids are conserved for other activities.

Patterns of diversity and abundance of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Attini in areas of the Brazilian Cerrado Padrões de diversidade e abundância de formigas cultivadoras de fungo (Formicidade: Attini em áreas do Cerrado Brasileiro

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Heraldo L. Vasconcelos

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini are characteristic elements of the New World fauna. However, there is little information on the patterns of diversity, abundance, and distribution of attine species in their native ecosystems, especially for the so-called "lower" genera of the tribe. A survey of attine ant nests (excluding Atta Fabricus, 1804 and Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 was conducted in a variety of savanna and forest habitats of the Cerrado biome near Uberlândia, Brazil. In total, 314 nests from 21 species of nine genera were found. Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893 was the most diverse genus with 10 species. Eighteen species were found in the savannas, including Mycetagroicus cerradensis Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001, a species from a recently-described genus of Attini, whereas in the forests only 12 species were found. Forest and savannas support relatively distinct faunas, each with a number of unique species; the species present in the forest habitats did not represent a nested subset of the species found in the savannas. Furthermore, although many species were common to both types of vegetation, their abundances were quite different. The density of attine nests is relatively high at some sites, exceeding an estimated 4,000 nests per hectare. In this sense, attine ants can be regarded as prevalent invertebrate taxa in the Brazilian Cerrado.As formigas cultivadoras de fungos (tribo Attini são exclusivas da fauna do Novo Mundo. Entretanto, existem poucas informações sobre os padrões de diversidade, abundância e distribuição das espécies de Attini em seus ecossistemas nativos, em especial para os gêneros menos derivados desta tribo. Um levantamento de ninhos de Attini (excluindo Atta Fabricius, 1804 e Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 foi realizado em diversos ambientes savânicos e de floresta do bioma Cerrado próximos à Uberlândia, Brasil. Encontramos 314 ninhos de 21 espécies pertencentes a nove gêneros da tribo. Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893 foi o g

Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type?

Science.gov (United States)

Costa-Milanez, C B; Lourenço-Silva, G; Castro, P T A; Majer, J D; Ribeiro, S P

2014-02-01

Wetland areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, known as "veredas", represent ecosystems formed on sandy soils with high concentrations of peat, and are responsible for the recharge of aquiferous reservoirs. They are currently under threat by various human activities, most notably the clearing of vegetation for Eucalyptus plantations. Despite their ecological importance and high conservation value, little is known about the actual effects of human disturbance on the animal community. To assess how habitat within different veredas, and plantations surrounding them affect ant assemblages, we selected four independent vereda locations, two being impacted by Eucalyptus monoculture (one younger and one mature plantation) and two controls, where the wetland was surrounded by cerrado vegetation. Ant sampling was conducted in May 2010 (dry season) using three complementary methods, namely baits, pitfall traps, and hand collection, in the wetland and in the surrounding habitats. A total of 7,575 ants were sampled, belonging to seven subfamilies, 32 genera and 124 species. Ant species richness and abundance did not differ between vereda locations, but did between the habitats. When impacted by the monoculture, ant species richness and abundance decreased in wetlands, but were less affected in the cerrado habitat. Ant species composition differed between the three habitats and between vereda locations. Eucalyptus plantations had an ant species composition defined by high dominance of Pheidole sp. and Solenopsis invicta, while natural habitats were defined by Camponotus and Crematogaster species. Atta sexdens was strictly confined to native habitats of non-impacted "veredas". Eucalyptus monocultures require high quantities of water in the early stages, which may have caused a decrease in groundwater level in the wetland, allowing hypogeic ants such as Labidus praedator to colonise this habitat.

The localization of the larvae of the nostril fly (Cephenemyia trompe L in the pharynx of reindeer in an earlier unknown tonsil tissue

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Claes Rehbinder

1983-05-01

: Lokalisationen av svalgkormflugans (Cephenemyia trompe L larver i svalget på ren undersøktes. Resultaten av undersokningen visade att någon preformerad svalgficka inte forekommer hos ren, utan att på den plats dår fickor innehållande larver vanligtvis påvisas år belågen en oparig tonsillvåvnad, forslagsvis kallad Tonsillapbaryngis dorsomedialis. Hos djur infekterade med svalgkormlarver forelåg i april de fiesta fickbildningarna i anslutning till tonsillvåvnaden men fickor forekom också hoger- och vånstersidigt i svalgslemhinnan. I ett fall påvisades två fickor, en i tonsillvåvnaden och en hogersidigt i svalgslemhinnan. Fickornas vågg utgjordes vid denna årstid av en akut ej slemhinneforsedd granulationsvåvnad rikligt infiltrerad med eosinofila leukocyter. Hos novemberrenarna påvisades lsta stadiets larver av C. trompe i tonsillens kryptor. Hos en åldre ren forelåg omedelbart vid sidan av tonsillen en fickbildning, vars vågg besto av kronisk granulationsvåvnad beklådd med slemhinna. Tonsillvåvnadens roll som predilektionsplats for larvernas utveckling diskuteras.

Influências de Atta spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae na recuperação da vegetação pós-fogo em floresta de transição amazônica Influences of leafcutter ant Atta spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae on vegetation recovery after fire in Amazonian transitional forest

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Karine Santana Carvalho

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo investigou o papel das saúvas na recuperação da vegetação pós-fogo. Foi hipotetizado que a perturbação do fogo aumenta a abundância de ninhos de saúva (1 e as atividades de remoção de sementes (2 e desfolha (3, especialmente no ambiente de borda. Os ninhos de saúva foram inventariados e mapeados e após 17 meses, checados para o registro de sua atividade e de novas colônias emergindo na área. Realizou-se experimentos comparativos de remoção de sementes e desfolha de plântulas em duas parcelas de 50 ha, uma submetida a fogo anual (tratamento e outra sem fogo (controle. A abundância de ninhos de saúva foi maior na parcela tratamento que na parcela controle, especialmente na borda da floresta. As espécies encontradas foram: Atta cephalotes, A. laevigata e A. sexdens , sendo esta última a espécie mais abundante e que mostrou aumento em número de colônias ativas após 17 meses. O aumento na abundância de ninhos na parcela tratamento foi acompanhado por um aumento na atividade dessas formigas. Enquanto mais de duas folhas foram arrancadas por plântula nessa parcela, menos de uma foi registrada na parcela controle. Também a abundância média de galhos desfolhados e de sementes removidas por saúvas foi maior na parcela tratamento que na parcela controle. As saúvas tanto podem diminuir ou retardar o processo de regeneração florestal pós-fogo, quanto acelerá-lo, devido à elevada predação seletiva que favorece as espécies menos palatáveis. Desta forma, suas atividades podem modificador apenas a composição da vegetação recuperando-se do fogo.In this study we investigated the role of leaf-cutting ants in the post-fire vegetation recovery. We hypothesized that a forest plot submitted to annual fire presents: (1 higher abundance of leaf-cutting ant nests; (2 higher removal of seeds; and (3 higher herbivory rates of leaf-cutting ants, when compared to the forest plots without fire (control. The leaf

Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase

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Edypo Jacob Silva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase. This study evaluated the crude protein content of queens of Atta sexdens before the nuptial flight and after the claustral phase in laboratory and field colonies. The hypothesis was that protein is used for survival of the queen and for early colony growth during the claustral phase. Additionally, the nest morphology, live biomass and adult population of field colonies were evaluated. Crude protein was determined by digestion of the organic material with sulfuric acid at high temperatures. The mean crude protein content was 123.23 ± 11.20 mg for females before the nuptial flight and 70.44 ± 12.21 mg for laboratory-reared queens after the claustral phase. The post-claustral crude protein content of field-collected queen was 55.90 ± 9.18 mg. With respect to the loss of crude protein as a function of duration of the claustral phase, laboratory-reared queens lost 52.79 mg and field-collected queens lost 67.33 mg compared to females before the nuptial flight. A positive linear correlation was observed between the weight of field-collected queens (256.4 ± 36.3 mg and colony biomass (13.02 ± 9.12 g, but there was no correlation between biomass and nest depth (13.11 ± 3.82 cm. As expected, the present results support the hypothesis that protein is used for survival of the queen and for early colony growth, as demonstrated by the reduction in crude protein content as a function of duration of the claustral phase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide data of the dynamics of protein reserves in leaf-cutting ant queens during the claustral phase.

Ethnopharmacological survey among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rodrigues Eliana

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Understanding how people of diverse cultural backgrounds have traditionally used plants and animals as medicinal substances during displacements is one of the most important objectives of ethnopharmacological studies. An ethnopharmacological survey conducted among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest remnants (Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil is presented herein. Methods Ethnographical methods were used to select and interview the migrants, and botanical and zoological techniques were employed to collect the indicated resources. Results We interviewed five migrants who described knowledge on 12 animals and 85 plants. Only 78 plants were present in Diadema, they belong to 37 taxonomic families; 68 were used exclusively for medicinal purposes, whereas 10 were reported to be toxic and/or presented some restriction of use. These taxa were grouped into 12 therapeutic categories (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances, inflammatory processes or respiratory problems based on the 41 individual complaints cited by the migrants. While the twelve animal species were used by the migrants to treat nine complaints; these were divided into six categories, the largest of which related to respiratory problems. None of the animal species and only 57 of the 78 plant species analysed in the present study were previously reported in the pharmacological literature; the popular knowledge concurred with academic findings for 30 of the plants. The seven plants [Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull., Artemisia canphorata Vill., Equisetum arvensis L., Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Zea mays L., Fevillea passiflora Vell. and Croton fuscescens Spreng] and the two animals (Atta sexdens and Periplaneta americana that showed maintenance of use among migrants during their displacement in Brazilian territory, have not been studied by pharmacologists yet. Conclusions Thus, they should be highlighted and focused in further pharmacology

Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type?

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CB Costa-Milanez

Full Text Available Wetland areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, known as “veredas”, represent ecosystems formed on sandy soils with high concentrations of peat, and are responsible for the recharge of aquiferous reservoirs. They are currently under threat by various human activities, most notably the clearing of vegetation for Eucalyptus plantations. Despite their ecological importance and high conservation value, little is known about the actual effects of human disturbance on the animal community. To assess how habitat within different veredas, and plantations surrounding them affect ant assemblages, we selected four independent vereda locations, two being impacted by Eucalyptus monoculture (one younger and one mature plantation and two controls, where the wetland was surrounded by cerrado vegetation. Ant sampling was conducted in May 2010 (dry season using three complementary methods, namely baits, pitfall traps, and hand collection, in the wetland and in the surrounding habitats. A total of 7,575 ants were sampled, belonging to seven subfamilies, 32 genera and 124 species. Ant species richness and abundance did not differ between vereda locations, but did between the habitats. When impacted by the monoculture, ant species richness and abundance decreased in wetlands, but were less affected in the cerrado habitat. Ant species composition differed between the three habitats and between vereda locations. Eucalyptus plantations had an ant species composition defined by high dominance of Pheidole sp. and Solenopsis invicta, while natural habitats were defined by Camponotus and Crematogaster species. Atta sexdens was strictly confined to native habitats of non-impacted “veredas”. Eucalyptus monocultures require high quantities of water in the early stages, which may have caused a decrease in groundwater level in the wetland, allowing hypogeic ants such as Labidus praedator to colonise this habitat.

The influence of insecticides and vegetation in structuring Formica mound ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Maine lowbush blueberry.

Science.gov (United States)

Choate, Beth; Drummond, Francis A

2013-04-01

Assessing the influence of new, reduced-risk insecticides on natural enemies within agroecosystems is essential to developing integrated pest management strategies. Three species of mound-building Formica ants are abundant throughout Maine lowbush blueberry fields (Formica exsectoides Forel, F. glacialis Wheeler, and F. ulkei Emery). All three species have been described in the literature as predaceous, with research demonstrating that F. exsectoides preys on major pest insects of lowbush blueberry. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of common-use and newly introduced insecticides on Formica sp. ant communities in lowbush blueberry fields. Laboratory assays indicated that the commonly applied insecticide phosmet is toxic to F. exsectoides, even after 8 d of field weathering (P insecticides, such as acetamiprid, had little effect on survival of all three species. Abundance of each species in the field varied with lowbush blueberry pesticide-use strategy and amount of nonblueberry vegetation. Both F. exsectoides and F. glacialis were most abundant in organic fields; however, overall F. glacialis was the most abundant in fields of all management types. Field surveys support laboratory results suggesting that phosmet is highly toxic to these species and influences their spatial pattern. Manipulation of the crop to conserve natural enemies in lowbush blueberry is difficult because the crop is not planted; therefore, we must look closely at the incorporation of low toxicity insecticides with natural enemies to efficiently control pest insects.

Video mediering i programmeringsundervisningen - brug af videoer til at udfolde programmeringsprocessen

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Jens Bennedsen

2004-05-01

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Første gang publiceret i UNEV nr. 3: Internet Video: Teknik og pædagogik mødes på nettet, april - juni 2004, red. Jens Dørup. ISSN 1603-5518.

Denne artikel belyser hvorledes video mediering har givet en værdifuld ekstra dimension i undervisningen i introducerende programmeringsfærdigheder. I forbindelse med programmering er et af de vigtigste mål at lære de studerende en systematisk tilgang til udviklingen af programmer. Det vil sige at understøtte de studerendes læring af programmeringsprocessen. Traditionelle medier som lærerbøger er meget lidt velegnede til at illustrere denne proces; de fokuserer på produkterne (de færdige programmer i stedet for at fokusere på produktionsprocessen. De videomedierede materialer er i denne sammenhæng optagelser af hvorledes underviseren løser praktiske programmeringsopgaver. Disse videoer kommunikerer vigtige pointer ved programmeringsprocessen såsom at der ikke en lige vej til det færdige produkt, at man anvender forskellige værktøjer, at man ændrer sit program, at man tester sit program undervejs mm. Jeg har identificeret fem forskellige kategorier af videomedierede undervisningsmaterialer og evalueret hvorledes de studerende har anvendt dem i et konkret kursusforløb. Evalueringen viser dels at de studerende anvender de fleste typer meget og finder dem meget anvendelige dels at videoer der blot dokumenterer forelæsninger ikke er ret benyttede.

Postfire Succession of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nesting in Dead Wood of Northern Boreal Forest.

Science.gov (United States)

Boucher, Philippe; Hébert, Christian; Francoeur, André; Sirois, Luc

2015-10-01

Dead wood decomposition begins immediately after tree death and involves a large array of invertebrates. Ecological successions are still poorly known for saproxylic organisms, particularly in boreal forests. We investigated the use of dead wood as nesting sites for ants along a 60-yr postfire chronosequence in northeastern coniferous forests. We sampled a total of 1,625 pieces of dead wood, in which 263 ant nests were found. Overall, ant abundance increased during the first 30 yr after wildfire, and then declined. Leptothorax cf. canadensis Provancher, the most abundant species in our study, was absent during the first 2 yr postfire, but increased steadily until 30 yr after fire, whereas Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler, second in abundance, was found at all stages of succession in the chronosequence. Six other species were less frequently found, among which Camponotus herculeanus (Linné), Formica neorufibarbis Emery, and Formica aserva Forel were locally abundant, but more scarcely distributed. Dead wood lying on the ground and showing numerous woodborer holes had a higher probability of being colonized by ants. The C:N ratio was lower for dead wood colonized by ants than for noncolonized dead wood, showing that the continuous occupation of dead wood by ants influences the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of dead wood after wildfire in northern boreal forests. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Metodik til studiet af strategiske ledelsesprocesser i organisationer

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Jørgen Gulddahl Rasmussen

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Denne artikel handler om at skabe viden om en hverdagspraksis, der sjældent er sat ord på. Den behandler de ledelsesprocesser, der i virksomheder producerer strategi og omsætter sådanne strategier i produktive handlinger. Det er processer, der i små og mellemstore virksomheder er præget af intuition og af meget uformelle samspil mellem virksomhedsledere og medarbejdere. Metodikken er en videreudvikling af de metoder til produktion af kvalitative data, som FIRM-gruppen har eksperimenteret med gennem nogle år. Artiklen kan ses som en afrapportering af et flerårigt metodeudviklingsarbejde. Da erfaringer fra sådanne virksomheder viser, at strategiske processer i høj grad udvikler sig gennem uformel kommunikation, og at lederes intuition spiller en meget stor rolle, arbejder metodikken med en struktureret udviklingsdialog mellem et mindre antal virksomhedsledere med strategiske opgaver og forskere. Denne udviklingsdialog har til formål at følge og forstå de processer, der skaber ledernes egne praksisrelaterede ”teorier” for strategisk handling. Efter en præsentation af temaet gennemgås metodikkens praktiske fremgangsmåde med undersøgelser i en række virksomheder, opbygning af cases i samarbejde med ledere fra disse virksomheder, diskussion af disse og foreløbige konklusioner hen mod de næste trin i metodikken. Artiklen er skrevet samtidigt med arbejdet på et igangværende forskningsprojekt og vil derfor både være en præsentation og en udvikling af muligheder og vanskeligheder i metodikken.

Toward a quantitative and empirical dissolved organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Maine, a semienclosed shelf sea

Science.gov (United States)

Balch, William; Huntington, Thomas; Aiken, George; Drapeau, David; Bowler, Bruce; Lubelczyk, Laura; Butler, Kenna

2016-02-01

A time series of organic carbon export from Gulf of Maine (GoM) watersheds was compared to a time series of biological, chemical, bio-optical, and hydrographic properties, measured across the GoM between Yarmouth, NS, Canada, and Portland, ME, U.S. Optical proxies were used to quantify the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon in the GoM. The Load Estimator regression model applied to river discharge data demonstrated that riverine DOC export (and its decadal variance) has increased over the last 80 years. Several extraordinarily wet years (2006-2010) resulted in a massive pulse of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM; proxy for DOC) into the western GoM along with unidentified optically scattering material (DOC in the GoM and Scotian Shelf showed the strong influence of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence on the DOC that enters the GoM. A deep plume of CDOM-rich water was observed near the coast of Maine which decreased in concentration eastward. The Forel-Ule color scale was derived and compared to the same measurements made in 1912-1913 by Henry Bigelow. Results show that the GoM has yellowed in the last century, particularly in the region of the extension of the Eastern Maine Coastal Current. Time lags between DOC discharge and its appearance in the GoM increased with distance from the river mouths. Algae were also a significant source of DOC but not CDOM. Gulf-wide algal primary production has decreased. Increases in precipitation and DOC discharge to the GoM are predicted over the next century.

Roadside Survey of Ants on Oahu, Hawaii

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Tong, Reina L.; Grace, J. Kenneth; Krushelnycky, Paul D.

2018-01-01

Hawaii is home to over 60 ant species, including five of the six most damaging invasive ants. Although there have been many surveys of ants in Hawaii, the last island-wide hand-collection survey of ants on Oahu was conducted in 1988–1994. In 2012, a timed hand-collection of ants was made at 44 sites in a systematic, roadside survey throughout Oahu. Ants were identified and species distribution in relation to elevation, precipitation and soil type was analyzed. To assess possible convenience sampling bias, 15 additional sites were sampled further from roads to compare with the samples near roads. Twenty-four species of ants were found and mapped; Pheidole megacephala (F.), Ochetellus glaber (Mayr), and Technomyrmex difficilis Forel were the most frequently encountered ants. For six ant species, a logistic regression was performed with elevation, average annual precipitation, and soil order as explanatory variables. O. glaber was found in areas with lower precipitation around Oahu. Paratrechina longicornis (Latrielle) and Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, F.) were found more often in lower elevations and in areas with the Mollisol soil order. Elevation, precipitation, and soil type were not significant sources of variation for P. megacephala, Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, and T. difficilis. P. megacephala was associated with fewer mean numbers of ants where it occurred. Ant assemblages near and far from roads did not significantly differ. Many species of ants remain established on Oahu, and recent invaders are spreading throughout the island. Mapping ant distributions contributes to continued documentation and understanding of these pests. PMID:29439503

Comparison of Ant Community Diversity and Functional Group Composition Associated to Land Use Change in a Seasonally Dry Oak Forest.

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Cuautle, M; Vergara, C H; Badano, E I

2016-04-01

Ants have been used to assess land use conversion, because they reflect environmental change, and their response to these changes have been useful in the identification of bioindicators. We evaluated ant diversity and composition associated to different land use change in a temperate forest (above 2000 m asl) in Mexico. The study was carried out in "Flor del Bosque" Park a vegetation mosaic of native Oak Forests and introduced Eucalyptus and grasslands. Species richness, dominance and diversity rarefaction curves, based on ant morphospecies and functional groups, were constructed and compared among the three vegetation types, for the rainy and the dry seasons of 2008-2009. Jaccard and Sorensen incidence-based indices were calculated to obtain similarity values among all the habitats. The Oak Forest was a rich dominant community, both in species and functional groups; the Eucalyptus plantation was diverse with low dominance. The most seasonality habitat was the grassland, with low species and high functional group diversity during the dry seasons, but the reverse pattern during the wet season. The Oak Forest was more similar to the Eucalyptus plantation than to the grassland, particularly during the dry season. Oak Forests are dominated by Cold Climate Specialists, specifically Prenolepis imparis (Say). The Eucalyptus and the grassland are characterized by generalized Myrmicinae, as Pheidole spp. and Monomorium ebenium (Forel). The conservation of the native Oak Forest is primordial for the maintenance of Cold Climate Specialist ant communities. The microclimatic conditions in this forest, probably, prevented the invasion by opportunistic species.

A systematic review of studies on anatomical position of electrode contacts used for chronic subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

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Caire, François; Ranoux, Danièle; Guehl, Dominique; Burbaud, Pierre; Cuny, Emmanuel

2013-09-01

The dorso-lateral part of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered as the usual target of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the exact anatomical location of the electrode contacts used for chronic stimulation is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on this issue. We searched for studies on the anatomical location of active contacts published until December 2012. We identified 13 studies, published between 2002 and 2010, including 260 patients and 466 electrodes. One hundred and sixty-four active contacts (35 %) were identified within the STN, 117 (25 %) at the interface between STN and the surrounding structures, 184 (40 %) above the STN and one within the substantia nigra. We observed great discrepancies between the different series. The contra-lateral improvement was between 37 and 78.5 % for contacts located within the STN, between 48.6 and 73 % outside the STN, between 65.3 and 66 % at the interface. The authors report no clear correlation between anatomical location and stimulation parameters. Post-operative analysis of the anatomical location of active contacts is difficult, and all the methods used are debatable. The relationship between the anatomical location of active contacts and the clinical effectiveness of stimulation is unclear. It would be necessary to take into account the volume of the electrode contacts and the diffusion of the stimulation. We can nevertheless assume that the interface between dorso-lateral STN, zona incerta and Forel's fields could be directly involved in the effects of stimulation.

Fluid intake rates in ants correlate with their feeding habits.

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Paul, J; Roces, F

2003-04-01

This study investigates the techniques of nectar feeding in 11 different ant species, and quantitatively compares fluid intake rates over a wide range of nectar concentrations in four species that largely differ in their feeding habits. Ants were observed to employ two different techniques for liquid food intake, in which the glossa works either as a passive duct-like structure (sucking), or as an up- and downwards moving shovel (licking). The technique employed for collecting fluids at ad libitum food sources was observed to be species-specific and to correlate with the presence or absence of a well-developed crop in the species under scrutiny. Workers of ponerine ants licked fluid food during foraging and transported it as a droplet between their mandibles, whereas workers of species belonging to phylogenetically more advanced subfamilies, with a crop capable of storing liquids, sucked the fluid food, such as formicine ants of the genus Camponotus. In order to evaluate the performance of fluid collection during foraging, intake rates for sucrose solutions of different concentrations were measured in four ant species that differ in their foraging ecology. Scaling functions between fluid intake rates and ant size were first established for the polymorphic species, so as to compare ants of different size across species. Results showed that fluid intake rate depended, as expected and previously reported in the literature, on sugar concentration and the associated fluid viscosity. It also depended on both the species-specific feeding technique and the extent of specialization on foraging on liquid food. For similarly-sized ants, workers of two nectar-feeding ant species, Camponotus rufipes (Formicinae) and Pachycondyla villosa (Ponerinae), collected fluids with the highest intake rates, while workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae) and a predatory ant from the Rhytidoponera impressa-complex (Ponerinae) did so with the lowest rate. Calculating the

Floral Visitors of Three Asteraceae Species in a Xeric Environment in Central Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Figueroa-Castro, Dulce María; González-Tochihuitl, Guadalupe; Rivas-Arancibia, Sombra Patricia; Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela

2016-12-01

We describe the spatial variation in the structure and composition of the communities of insects visiting the inflorescences of Flaveria ramosissima Klatt, Florestina pedata (Cav.) Cass., and Parthenium bipinnatifidum (Ort.) Rollins (Asteraceae) in a xeric environment in Central Mexico. Inflorescences of the three Asteraceae were visited by a total of 96 species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. Total species richness of floral visitors to the three Asteraceae and total abundance of insects of Fl. pedata and P. bipinnatifidum did not differ between low and high vegetation cover sites. Total abundance of insects visiting the inflorescences of F. ramosissima and abundance of Hymenoptera in all three Asteraceae were higher at the low vegetation coverage (LVC) site than at the high vegetation coverage (HVC) one. Diversity of insects of Fl. pedata and P. bipinnatifidum was higher at the HVC site. However, in F. ramosissima diversity was higher at the LVC site. The communities of insects of each Asteraceae were dissimilar between sites. These differences can be attributed to variation in the abundance of Lepidophora (Diptera: Bombyliidae), Miridae (Hemiptera), Melyridae (Coleoptera), Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera), Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesmael, and Dorymyrmex grandulus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The first three insect groups were sensitive to LVC, high temperature, and low humidity, whereas the last three tolerated those same environmental conditions. Changes in temperature, humidity, and resources associated with vegetation coverage seem to differentially affect each species of floral visitors of the three Asteraceae species studied. © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Preferência de corte de Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909) e Acromyrmex ambiguus (Emery, 1887) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) por diferentes espécies de eucaliptos em laboratório

OpenAIRE

Rosado, João Luis Osório; Loeck, Alci Enimar; Freitas, Deise Farias; Gonçalves, Michel Gonçalves de; Dröse, William; Cunha, Uemerson Silva da; Finkenauer, Elder

2014-01-01

A busca por novos métodos de manejo e controle de formigas-cortadeiras vem sendo enfoque de inúmeros estudos pelo país, impulsionada por aspectos econômicos e ambientais. O estabelecimento de espécies resistentes ou menos preferidas ao corte pode contribuir substancialmente neste sentido. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a preferência de corte entre as espécies Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus globulus e híbrido de Euc...

Trends in Ocean Colour and Chlorophyll Concentration from 1889 to 2000, Worldwide

Science.gov (United States)

Wernand, Marcel R.; van der Woerd, Hendrik J.; Gieskes, Winfried W. C.

2013-01-01

Marine primary productivity is an important agent in the global cycling of carbon dioxide, a major ‘greenhouse gas’, and variations in the concentration of the ocean's phytoplankton biomass can therefore explain trends in the global carbon budget. Since the launch of satellite-mounted sensors globe-wide monitoring of chlorophyll, a phytoplankton biomass proxy, became feasible. Just as satellites, the Forel-Ule (FU) scale record (a hardly explored database of ocean colour) has covered all seas and oceans – but already since 1889. We provide evidence that changes of ocean surface chlorophyll can be reconstructed with confidence from this record. The EcoLight radiative transfer numerical model indicates that the FU index is closely related to chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean regions. The most complete FU record is that of the North Atlantic in terms of coverage over space and in time; this dataset has been used to test the validity of colour changes that can be translated to chlorophyll. The FU and FU-derived chlorophyll data were analysed for monotonously increasing or decreasing trends with the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, a method to establish the presence of a consistent trend. Our analysis has not revealed a globe-wide trend of increase or decrease in chlorophyll concentration during the past century; ocean regions have apparently responded differentially to changes in meteorological, hydrological and biological conditions at the surface, including potential long-term trends related to global warming. Since 1889, chlorophyll concentrations have decreased in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific; increased in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, the Chinese Sea, and in the seas west and north-west of Japan. This suggests that explanations of chlorophyll changes over long periods should focus on hydrographical and biological characteristics typical of single ocean regions, not on those of ‘the’ ocean. PMID:23776435

Research into the development of voice assessment in music therapy.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanne Storm

2013-12-01

Full Text Available I denne afhandling undersøges det, om det er muligt at konstruere et stemmeassessmentredskab (Voice Assesment Profile - herefter forkortet VOIAS, der kan dokumentere forandring over tid med validitet og reliabilitet, og som bygger på principperne for evidensbaseret praksis (Wigram et al. 2002, og om det vha VOIAS er muligt at indhente relevante informationer til klinisk musikterapeutisk praksis og til det tværfaglige behandlingsteam. En foreløbig litteraturgennemgang viste, at der ikke fandtes et sådant redskab inden for musikterapi, og at kun lidt forskning inden for musikterapi fokuserede på og omhandlede den menneskelige stemme. Konsekvensen af denne opdagelse var, at jeg måtte konstruere et sådan stemmeassessmentredskab og fastlægge de procedurer, der måtte være omkring implementeringen af et sådant redskab. Derfor fokuserede den endelige litteraturgennemgang på at indsamle information om mulige stemmeparametre, samt udvælgelse og definition af disse med det formål at konstruere en kvantitativ profil, der kunne evaluere den menneskelige stemme i musikterapi. Jeg vurderede, at det for at sikre et godt grundlag for udvælgelsen af parametrene var nødvendigt at studere den musikterapeutiske litteratur om brugen af den menneskelige stemme i klinisk praksis som et primært instrument, såvel som en gennemgang af udvalgte studier af stemmen fra specialer og fra fagområder uden for det musikterapeutiske felt. Litteraturgennemgangen afslørede et påfaldende fravær af opmærksomhed på den menneskelige stemme i musikterapi og den menneskelige stemmes potentiale som kilde til at indsamle informationer om klientens psykiske tilstand og effekten af en musikterapeutisk behandling baseret på stemmeterapeutisk arbejde.

Tamaño y composición de la colonia de tres especies de hormigas del género Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae en la porción central del desierto del Monte, Argentina

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Beatriz E. NOBUA BEHRMANN

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El tamaño de la colonia es un atributo fundamental de la biología de las hormigas ya que está asociado a características ecológicamente relevantes, como sus estrategias de alimentación. Mientras que el tamaño de la colonia de varias especies de hormigas granívoras del género Pogonomyrmex de América del Norte se ha estudiado en detalle, no existe tal información para las especies de América del Sur. En este trabajo, se determinó el tamaño y la composición de la colonia y se describió la estructura del nido de tres especies de Pogonomyrmex que habitan la porción central del desierto del Monte en Argentina: P. mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, P. inermis Forel y P. rastratus Mayr. Para ello, se excavaron dos nidos de cada especie y se recolectaron todos los individuos encontrados. Las tres especies tienen colonias pequeñas, compuestas por 300-1.100 individuos, de los cuales aproximadamente el 70% son obreras adultas. La estructura de sus nidos es relativamente simple, similar a la de la mayoría de las especies norteamericanas estudiadas, pero con un menor desarrollo en profundidad y un número menor de cámaras; probablemente se deba al menor número de obreras que poseen. Estas características (colonias pequeñas y nidos poco desarrollados son consideradas típicas para las especies del género Pogonomyrmex de América del Sur, lo que las diferencia de la mayoría de sus congéneres estudiados en América del Norte.

Patient-specific electric field simulations and acceleration measurements for objective analysis of intraoperative stimulation tests in the thalamus

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Simone Hemm-Ode

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Despite an increasing use of deep brain stimulation (DBS the fundamental mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Simulation of electric entities has previously been proposed for chronic DBS combined with subjective symptom evaluations, but not for intraoperative stimulation tests. The present paper introduces a method for an objective exploitation of intraoperative stimulation test data to identify the optimal implant position of the chronic DBS lead by relating the electric field simulations to the patient-specific anatomy and the clinical effects quantified by accelerometry. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, it was applied to five patients with essential tremor bilaterally implanted in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM. The VIM and its neighborhood structures were preoperatively outlined in 3D on white matter attenuated inversion recovery MR images. Quantitative intraoperative clinical assessments were performed using accelerometry. Electric field simulations (n = 272 for intraoperative stimulation test data performed along two trajectories per side were set-up using the finite element method for 143 stimulation test positions. The resulting electric field isosurface of 0.2V/mm was superimposed to the outlined anatomical structures. The percentage of volume of each structure's overlap was calculated and related to the corresponding clinical improvement. The proposed concept has been successfully applied to the five patients. For higher clinical improvements, not only the VIM but as well other neighboring structures were covered by the electric field isosurfaces. The percentage of the volumes of the VIM, of the nucleus intermediate lateral of the thalamus and the prelemniscal radiations within the prerubral field of Forel increased for clinical improvements higher than 50% compared to improvements lower than 50%. The presented new concept allows a detailed and objective analysis of a high amount of intraoperative data to

Betydningen av drektige reinsimlers ernæring for kalvers vekst, klimatiske toleranse og overlevelse

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Arne Rognmo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Forsøkene (viste at tilleggsforing av underernærte simler i siste del av drektighetsperioden kun synes å ha effekt på fødselsvekten for kalvene forutsatt at simlene får høyverdig ernæring etter kalving. Den forskjellige ernæringsbakgrunn før kalving synes således ikke å innvirke på melkeproduksjon/kvalitet, da vektutviklingen for alle grupper av kalver i dette forsøket gikk parallelt i de tre første ukene etter kalving. Det ble heller ikke på noe punkt funnet signifikante forskjeller gruppene imellom når det gjelder kalvenes klimatiske toleranse. Det er dog bemerkelsesverdig at det var stor dødelighet blant de små kalvene etter unge små simler i GRUPPE L. Dette funn er interessant sett i sammenheng med resultatene fra Røros (se bidrag fra Dag Lenvik, side som viser at avkastningen fra en flokk kan økes markant om man konsentrerte slakteuttaket på små kalver og forhindrer bedekning av små, unge simler gjennom fjerning av eldre, store bukker. Med det forbehold at våre forsøk er utført på dyr i innhegning med et lavt aktivitetsnivå, kan man fra våreforsøk foreløpig konkludere med at tillegsfor ing av simler i siste halvdel av drektighetsperioden har effekt på kalvenes fødselsvekt, men at vektutviklingen for kalven er uavhengig av simlenes ernæringshistorie, om sistnevnte tilbys høyverdig ernæring etter kalving. Da små kalver etter underernærte simler viste høy dødelighet like etter fødselen, vil imidlertid tilleggsforing kunne øke avkastningen om det er mange unge simler i flokken. Resultatene fra Røros tyder imidlertid på at dette resultat normalt kan oppnås uten ekstra omkostninger gjennom et selektivt slakteuttak.

RESISTÊNCIA DE ISCAS GRANULADAS, DISTRIBUÍDAS A GRANEL E EM MICROPORTA-ISCAS, À AÇÃO DA UMIDADE EM PLANTIO DE Pinus taeda NO PLANALTO SUL-CATARINENSE

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David Alexandre Buratto

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Control programs for leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex in southern Brazil are poorly studied and the information comes from the control of the genus Atta and the damage caused by leaf-cutting ants in Eucalyptus spp. This lack of information about this ant makes some forest companies of Santa Catarina repeat patterns that are not suitable for infestations and for the species of leaf-cutting ants that occur in this state. Along with this, an inadequate distribution of bulk granular baits, in the four seasons, which end up degraded by excessive moisture caused by fog and by constant rainfall occurring in the region. Given this context, the experiments of this work had the following objectives: identify the species of leaf-cutting ants; determine the nest density per unit area; analyze and evaluate the influence of the year and the rainfall stations in each season, about the conservation and degradation of granulated baits based on sulfluramide (0.3% in bulk and distributed in the form of bait holder. To do so, experiments in Dois Irmãos Farm, owned by Florestal Rio Marombas company in areas of Pinus taeda L., located in the municipality of São Cristóvão do Sul, in the southern highlands of Santa Catarina state were installed. It was concluded that: the only species found in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex crassispinus area is assessed (FOREL, 1909. At the experimental site there are 17 nests, the average is 0.94 nests per hectare, less than 1 m² each apparent area; moisture from southern Santa Catarina plateau region degrades the granulated baits distributed in bulk; the granulated baits distributed in bulk remain conserved seven days in the spring and three days in other seasons; the granulated baits distributed in bait holder remain preserved 15 days in the summer and 30 days in other seasons; the bait holder presents greater resistance to moisture in the field in relation to granulated baits distributed in bulk; the opening of the

Mobil læring på danske universiteter

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Inger-Marie Christensen

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Tallene for 2012 taler for sig selv. Ca. 60 % af den voksne, danske befolkning ejer en smartphone og hele 75 % af de 15-34 årige (FDB Analyse, 2012. Andelen af befolkningen, der anvender en mobiltelefon til at gå på nettet er mere end fordoblet i løbet af 2 år (fra 23 % i 2010 til 55 % i 2012, ligesom de mobile aktiviteter har ændret sig mod en mere intensiv anvendelse af apps, sociale netværk, e-bøger og andre former for interaktive multimedier (Danmarks Statistik, 2012; Pew Internet, 2012; GSMA, 2011. 20 % af befolkningen ejer nu også en tablet-pc og denne andel er i kraftig vækst (FDB Analyse, 2012. Både på danske gymnasier og i universitetssammenhæng ser man ligeledes en stigende interesse for den mobile teknologi og dens anvendelse i undervisningen. Uddannelsesinstitutionerne ønsker bl.a. at tilbyde fleksibel adgang til undervisningsmaterialer samt at understøtte aktiv og studenter-centreret læring (Odder Gymnasium, 2012; Johnson et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2013, og de studerende ønsker at gøre brug af de devices, der allerede er en naturlig del af deres andre gøremål og uformelle læringsaktiviteter (Uys, 2012; Johnson et al., 2013; GSMA, 2011[1]. Alt dette giver helt nye udfordringer og muligheder for universitetsundervisningen, for selvom teknologien er flittigt brugt til fx underholdning, kommunikation og informationssøgning, er det ikke altid klart, hvorledes den bedst kan benyttes til undervisningsaktiviteter. Det er derfor med fornøjelse, at vi i dette nummer af LOM kan præsentere en samling af artikler med dugfriske erfaringer om brugen af mobil teknologi i undervisningen. Artiklerne beretter om gode erfaringer ved brug af mobile teknologier såvel som udfordringer og barrierer. Du kan finde konkrete eksempler på, hvordan teknologien er blevet anvendt til forskellige undervisningsaktiviteter så som forelæsninger, til vejledning, i forbindelse med eksamen og i laboratorieundervisning, ligesom flere af

Environmental and human impact on the sedimentary dynamic in the Rhone Delta subaquatic canyons (France-Switzerland)

Science.gov (United States)

Arantegui, A.; Corella, J. P.; Loizeau, J. L.; Anselmetti, F. S.; Girardclos, S.

2012-04-01

Deltas are very sensitive environments and highly vulnerable to variations in water discharge and the amount of suspended sediment load provided by the delta-forming currents. Human activities in the watershed, such as building of dams and irrigation ditches, or river bed deviations, may affect the discharge regime and sediment input, thus affecting delta growth. Underwater currents create deeply incised canyons cutting into the delta lobes. Understanding the sedimentary processes in these subaquatic canyons is crucial to reconstruct the fluvial evolution and human impact on deltaic environments and to carry out a geological risk assessment related to mass movements, which may affect underwater structures and civil infractructure. Recently acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetry on the Rhone Delta in Lake Geneva (Sastre et al. 2010) revealed the complexity of the underwater morphology formed by active and inactive canyons first described by Forel (1892). In order to unravel the sedimentary processes and sedimentary evolution in these canyons, 27 sediment cores were retrieved in the distal part of each canyon and in the canyon floor/levee complex of the active canyon. Geophysical, sedimentological, geochemical and radiometric dating techniques were applied to analyse these cores. Preliminary data show that only the canyon originating at the current river mouth is active nowadays, while the others remain inactive since engineering works in the watershed occurred, confirming Sastre et al. (2010). However, alternating hemipelagic and turbiditic deposits on the easternmost canyons, evidence underflow processes during the last decades as well. Two canyons, which are located close to the Rhone river mouth, correspond to particularly interesting deeply incised crevasse channels formed when the underwater current broke through the outer bend of a meander in the proximal northern levee. In these canyons, turbidites occur in the sediment record indicating ongoing

Notat vedr. By- og Landskabsstyrelsens anmodning om en foreløbig vurdering af mulige konsekvenser på udpegningsgrundlaget for Natura 2000 område nr. 162 ved etablering af sommerhuse på Agersø og Orø (Notat til Skov- og Naturstyrelsen)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wind, Peter

2008-01-01

  By- og Landskabsstyrelsen har med brev af den 30. maj 2008 anmodet Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser om at foretage en screening af mulige konsekvenser på udpegningsgrundlaget som anført ovenfor på baggrund af eksisterende data og viden.   I notatet gør DMU rede for mulige konsekvenser for udpegnings......  By- og Landskabsstyrelsen har med brev af den 30. maj 2008 anmodet Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser om at foretage en screening af mulige konsekvenser på udpegningsgrundlaget som anført ovenfor på baggrund af eksisterende data og viden.   I notatet gør DMU rede for mulige konsekvenser...

Osteoporose – risikofaktor eller sykdom? Definisjon, utbredelse, årsaker, diagnostisering og forebyggende tiltak

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Johanne Søgaard

2009-11-01

Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGVi vet foreløpig lite om utbredelsen av osteoporose i Norge – dvs. bentetthet (BMD minst 2,5 standardavvikunder gjennomsnittet for unge kvinner. Vi vet heller ikke om det har vært noen økning de siste 10-årene.Denne artikkelen gir en oversikten over emnet osteoporose – med vekt på risikofaktorer og forebyggendetiltak, og drøfter WHOs definisjon av osteoporose. I henhold til denne er osteoporose både en risikofaktor forbrudd – og en betegnelse på en tilstand som forutsetter minst ett brudd (etablert osteoporose. Definisjoneninnebærer at diagnosen osteoporose avhenger av det normalmaterialet man sammenliker med, og medfører aten meget stor andel av norske kvinner over 70 år vil få diagnosen osteoporose. En slik medikalisering vilkunne føre til hyppige legekontroller, angst og lavere fysisk aktivitet av redsel for å falle. Osteoporose erasymptomatisk før man har fått brudd, og har ingen automatiske behandlingsmessige konsekvenser. Man kanlikevel frykte at WHOs definisjon vil tvinge frem krav om medikamentell forebyggende behandling. Dette erproblematisk fordi det er stor overlapping i bentetthet mellom de som får brudd og de som ikke får. Måling avBMD er imidlertid den beste metoden vi i dag har for å forutsi brudd – og er like god som blodtrykksmåling ertil å forutsi slag. For å vurdere individuell risiko, bør imidlertid flere risikofaktorer for brudd kombineres. Deviktigste risikofaktorene for lav bentetthet er: lav kroppsvekt/lav relativ vekt, vektreduksjon, lavt inntak avkalsium/D-vitamin, røyking, tidlig menopause, inaktivitet, høyt alkoholkonsum og genetiske faktorer. Tiltakmed fokus på noen av disse har vist positiv effekt på BMD.Søgaard AJ. Osteoporosis – risk factor or disease? Definition, distribution, aetiology, diagnosis and  ENGLISH SUMMARYAt present we do not know the distribution of osteoporosis in the Norwegian population – i.e. bone mineraldensity (BMD below 2.5 standard

Helsekonsekvenser av vektendring - er slanking fordelaktig? En litteraturoversikt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Johanne Søgaard

2009-11-01

Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGLangsom vektøkning gjennom livet inntil kroppsmasseindeks (KMI 27 ser ikke ut til å gi særlige negative utfallmht. total dødelighet. En økning på ! 20 kg fra 18 års alder er trolig negativt – det samme er vektøkning ut fra enhøy utgangsvekt. Selv om mange studier finner økt dødelighet hos yngre og middelaldrende personer med KMI > 27,er det foreløpig ingen studier som har vist at vektreduksjon blant friske overvektige personer gir økt levetid. Flerestudier viser tvert imot en assosiasjon mellom vektreduksjon og økt dødelighet. Heller ikke studier som prøver åbegrense analysene til personer med frivillig vekttap, finner redusert dødelighet etter vektreduksjon blant friskeovervektige individer. Noen få studier har vist redusert dødelighet blant overvektige personer med etablertesykdommer eller høy risiko for hjerte-karsykdom og diabetes. Når det gjelder sykelighet har de fleste studier entenikke funnet noen assosiasjon mellom vektreduksjon og sykelighet, eller funnet økt sykelighet. Unntaket er diabetes,der vekttap i enkelte studier samvarierer med redusert sykelighet. Det er i mange studier funnet sammenheng mellomvekttap og økt risiko for lårhalsbrudd og gallesten. De fleste studier har imidlertid vist at moderat vektreduksjon(vekttap på opp til 10% fører til redusert blodtrykk, forbedret glukosekontroll, redusert kolesterolnivå, forbedretdyslipidemi, forbedret lungefunksjon, bedre søvnkvalitet og redusert søvnapnè. Moderat vekttap vil også kunnelindre leddsmerter. Dette tilsynelatende paradoks diskuteres i artikkelen – bl.a. drøftes de metodeproblemer som erinnebygget i mange av studiene. Fordi det har vist seg vanskelig for personer med kraftig overvekt å redusere vektenpermanent – og fordi resultatene mht. helseeffektene av vektreduksjon er usikre, bør hovedinnsatsen settes inn iforhold til å forebygge overvekt/fedme overfor enkeltpersoner med potensielle problemer. Personer med