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  1. Cinética e equilíbrio de adsorção dos oxiânions Cr (VI, Mo (VI e Se (VI pelo sal de amônio quaternário de quitosana Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of oxyanions Cr (VI, Mo (VI and Se (VI by quaternary ammonium chitosan salt

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viviane A. Spinelli

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available O sal quaternário de quitosana foi sintetizado com cloreto de glicidil trimetil amônio. A modificação química foi caracterizada por espectrometria no IV, RMN de 13C e ¹H, e mmol/g de grupos quaternários presentes na matriz polimérica por condutimetria. A remoção de Cr (VI, Mo (VI e Se (VI, em meio aquoso, foi investigada em processo de batelada. A adsorção mostrou ser dependente do pH para o Cr (VI e Se (VI, com um pH ótimo de adsorção, entre 4,0 a 6,0. Para o Mo (VI a adsorção manteve-se quase constante no intervalo de pH entre 4,0 e 11,5. O modelo de isoterma de Langmuir descreveu melhor os dados de equilíbrio na faixa de concentração investigada. No presente estudo, um grama do sal quaternário de quitosana reticulado com glutaraldeído adsorveu 68,3 mg de Cr, 63,4 mg de Mo e 90,0 mg de Se. A velocidade de adsorção, no processo, segue a equação cinética de pseudo segunda-ordem, sendo que o equilíbrio para os três íons foi alcançado próximo aos 200 minutos. A análise dispersiva de raios-X para o Cr (VI mostrou que o principal mecanismo de adsorção é a troca iônica entre os íons Cl- da superfície do polímero pelos oxiânions. O trocador aniônico apresentou a seguinte ordem de seletividade: Cr (VI > Mo (VI > Se (VI.Quaternary chitosan salt was synthesized in the presence of glycidyl trimetyl ammonium chloride. The polymer was characterized by spectroscopic techniques: infrared, 13C and ¹H NMR, while the amount of quaternary ammonium groups was obtained by condutimetry. The removal of Cr (VI, Mo (VI and Se (VI from aqueous solutions was carried out in batch adsorption processes. The process seemed to be pH dependent for Cr (VI and Se (VI with an optimum pH ranging from 4.0 to 6.0; while for Mo (VI the adsorption remained almost constant within the range between 4.0 and 11.5. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit of the equilibrium data over the whole concentration investigated. In the experiment

  2. Microbial Precipitation of Cr(III)-Hydroxide and Se(0) Nanoparticles During Anoxic Bioreduction of Cr(VI)- and Se(VI)-Contaminated Water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Yumi; Oh, Jong-Min; Roh, Yul

    2017-04-01

    This study examined the microbial precipitations of Cr(III)-hydroxide and Se(0) nanoparticles during anoxic bioreductions of Cr(VI) and Se(VI) using metal-reducing bacteria enriched from groundwater. Metal-reducing bacteria enriched from groundwater at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT), Daejeon, S. Korea were used. Metal reduction and precipitation experiments with the metal-reducing bacteria were conducted using Cr(VI)- and Se(VI)-contaminated water and glucose as a carbon source under an anaerobic environment at room temperature. XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX analyses were used to characterize the mineralogy, crystal structure, chemistry, shape, and size distribution of the precipitates. The metal-reducing bacteria reduced Cr(VI) of potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) to Cr(III) of chromium hydroxide [Cr(OH)3], and Se(VI) of sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄) to selenium Se(0), with changes of color and turbidity. XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX analyses revealed that the chromium hydroxide [Cr(OH)₃] was formed extracellularly with nanoparticles of 20–30 nm in size, and elemental selenium Se(0) nanoparticles had a sphere shape of 50–250 nm in size. These results show that metal-reducing bacteria in groundwater can aid or accelerate precipitation of heavy metals such as Cr(VI) and Se(VI) via bioreduction processes under anoxic environments. These results may also be useful for the recovery of Cr and Se nanoparticles in natural environments.

  3. Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi) II

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Flesch, Benjamin; Vatrapu, Ravi

    2016-01-01

    This paper reports the second iteration of the Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi), a set theoretical visual analytics dashboard of big social data. In order to further demonstrate its usefulness in large-scale visual analytics tasks of individual and collective behavior of actors in social networks......, the current iteration of the Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi) in version II builds on recent advancements in visualizing set intersections. The development of the SoSeVi dashboard involved cutting-edge open source visual analytics libraries (D3.js) and creation of new visualizations such as of actor mobility...

  4. Oxidação de microcistinas-LR em águas pelo íon ferrato(VI Aqueous oxidation of microcystin-LR by ferrate(VI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio João de Luca

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Toxinas de cianobactérias têm se tornado um grave problema na produção segura de água para consumo humano e animal. Técnicas convencionais de tratamento falham em atingir padrões de potabilidade. O ferrato(VI de potássio, um composto oxidante e coagulante, mostra potencialidade no tratamento de águas contaminadas. Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados da oxidação pelo ferrato(VI de uma toxina gerada por cianobactérias, a microcistina-LR. Ensaios de cinética de oxidação e de teste de jarros mostram um valor médio de 0,012 min-1 para a constante de taxa de reação de pseudoprimeira ordem, para concentrações de MC-LR de 100 a 200 µg.L-1 na água bruta. Dosagens de 1,6 a 5,0 mg.L-1 de ferrato(VI sugerem o atendimento ao padrão de potabilidade para microcistinas, mostrando que o oxidante poderá ser empregado como coadjuvante no tratamento de água.Algae toxins are becoming a severe problem in the water treatment industry, especially for human and animal consumption. Traditional treatment processes have failed in complying with water supply standards. Potassium ferrate(VI is a powerful oxidant, disinfectant and, also, a coagulant. In this paper, the results of microcystin-LR oxidation by ferrate(VI ion are presented. Kinetic and jar tests showed a average value of 0,012 min-1 for the pseudo first order reaction rate constant, for 100 and 200 µg.L-1 concentration of MC-LR. Ferrate(VI dosages between 1.6 and 5.0 mg.L-1 suggest that water supply standards for MC-LR can be reached, which means that the oxidant may be employed as coadjuvant in water treatment.

  5. Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de antioxidantes de jovens fumantes, do município de Viçosa-MG

    OpenAIRE

    Batista, Ellencristina da Silva

    2006-01-01

    Com o objetivo de comparar o perfil socieconômico, nutricional e de antioxidantes de indivíduos jovens fumantes e não fumantes de Viçosa-MG, conduziu-se um estudo transversal controlado. Foram selecionados indivíduos fumantes e não fumantes de instituições de ensino da cidade de Viçosa-MG. Considerou-se como fumante o indivíduo que fumava pelo menos um cigarro diariamente, por pelo menos 30 dias antes do inicio do estudo, e não fumante o que nunca fumou e/ou não fumava esporadicamente. Os fum...

  6. Etch Pit Studies of II-VI-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials ZnSe, ZnCdSe, and ZnCdMgSe Grown on InP

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Semendy, Fred

    1999-01-01

    Etch pit density (EPD) determination studies have been conducted on II-VI semiconductor materials ZnSe, ZnCdSe, and ZnCdMgSe grown on InP surfaces for the first time by using various etching solutions under different...

  7. Mechanistic investigations of Se(VI) treatment in anoxic groundwater using granular iron and organic carbon: An EXAFS study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gibson, Blair D.; Blowes, David W.; Lindsay, Matthew B.J.; Ptacek, Carol J.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We investigate treatment of aqueous Se(VI) under anoxic conditions. ► We utilize granular Fe 0 and organic carbon to promote Se(VI) removal. ► We characterize Se speciation using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ► Granular Fe 0 promotes removal of Se(VI) by reduction to Se(0). ► Organic carbon promotes removal through sorption processes without reduction. - Abstract: The removal of aqueous Se(VI) from a simulated groundwater by granular iron (GI), organic carbon (OC), and a mixture of these reactive materials (GI–OC) was evaluated in laboratory batch experiments. The experiments were performed under anoxic conditions to simulate subsurface treatment. A total reaction time of 120 h (5 d) was chosen to investigate the rapid changes in speciation occurring over reaction times that are reasonable for permeable reactive barrier (PRB) systems. After 120 h, concentrations of Se decreased by >90% in the GI system, 15% in the OC system and 35% in the GI–OC mixture. Analysis of the materials after contact with Se using synchrotron-radiation based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicated the presence of Se(IV) and Se(0) on the margins of GI grains after 6 h with evidence of Se-O and Se-Se bonding, whereas Se(VI) was not observed. After 72 h, Se(0) was the only form of Se present in the GI experiments. In the OC batches, the XAS analysis indicated binding consistent with sorption of aqueous Se(VI) onto the OC with only minor reduction to Se(IV) and Se(0) after 120 h. Selenium XAS spectra collected for the GI–OC mixture were consistent with spectra for Se(IV) and Se(0) on both the margins of GI grains and OC particles, suggesting that the presence of dissolved Fe may have mediated the reduction of sorbed Se(VI). The results suggest that the application of granular Fe is effective at inducing aqueous Se removal in anoxic conditions through reductive precipitation processes.

  8. Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi) II

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Flesch, Benjamin; Vatrapu, Ravi; Mukkamala, Raghava Rao

    2016-01-01

    SeVi). The development of the dashboard involved cutting-edge open source visual analytics libraries (D3.js) and creation of new visualizations such as visualizations of actor mobility across time and space, conversational comets, and more. Evaluation of the dashboard consisted of technical testing, usability testing......Current state-of-the-art in big social data analytics is largely limited to graph theoretical approaches such as social network analysis (SNA) informed by the social philosophical approach of relational sociology. This paper proposes and illustrates an alternate holistic approach to big social data...

  9. Stellar laboratories . IX. New Se v, Sr iv-vii, Te vi, and I vi oscillator strengths and the Se, Sr, Te, and I abundances in the hot white dwarfs G191-B2B and RE 0503-289

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rauch, T.; Quinet, P.; Knörzer, M.; Hoyer, D.; Werner, K.; Kruk, J. W.; Demleitner, M.

    2017-10-01

    Context. To analyze spectra of hot stars, advanced non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model-atmosphere techniques are mandatory. Reliable atomic data is crucial for the calculation of such model atmospheres. Aims: We aim to calculate new Sr iv-vii oscillator strengths to identify for the first time Sr spectral lines in hot white dwarf (WD) stars and to determine the photospheric Sr abundances. To measure the abundances of Se, Te, and I in hot WDs, we aim to compute new Se v, Te vi, and I vi oscillator strengths. Methods: To consider radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions of Se v, Sr iv - vii, Te vi, and I vi in our NLTE atmosphere models, we calculated oscillator strengths for these ions. Results: We newly identified four Se v, 23 Sr v, 1 Te vi, and three I vi lines in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of RE 0503-289. We measured a photospheric Sr abundance of 6.5+ 3.8-2.4× 10-4 (mass fraction, 9500-23 800 times solar). We determined the abundances of Se (1.6+ 0.9-0.6× 10-3, 8000-20 000), Te (2.5+ 1.5-0.9× 10-4, 11 000-28 000), and I (1.4+ 0.8-0.5× 10-5, 2700-6700). No Se, Sr, Te, and I line was found in the UV spectra of G191-B2B and we could determine only upper abundance limits of approximately 100 times solar. Conclusions: All identified Se v, Sr v, Te vi, and I vi lines in the UV spectrum of RE 0503-289 were simultaneously well reproduced with our newly calculated oscillator strengths. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26666. Based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Full Tables A.15 to A.21 are only available via the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO) service TOSS (http://dc.g-vo.org/TOSS).

  10. Processing and characterisation of II–VI ZnCdMgSe thin film gain structures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jones, Brynmor E., E-mail: brynmor.jones@strath.ac.uk [Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Level 5, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD (United Kingdom); Schlosser, Peter J. [Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Level 5, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD (United Kingdom); De Jesus, Joel [Department of Physics, The Graduate Center and The City College of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 (United States); Garcia, Thor A.; Tamargo, Maria C. [Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center and The City College of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 (United States); Hastie, Jennifer E. [Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Level 5, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD (United Kingdom)

    2015-09-01

    Lattice-matched II–VI selenide quantum well (QW) structures grown on InP substrates can be designed for emission throughout the visible spectrum. InP has, however, strong visible-light absorption, so that a method for epitaxial lift-off and transfer to transparent substrates is desirable for vertically-integrated devices. We have designed and grown, via molecular beam epitaxy, ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe multi-QW gain regions for vertical emission, with the QWs positioned for resonant periodic gain. The release of the 2.7 μm-thick ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe multi-QW film is achieved via selective wet etching of the substrate and buffer layers leaving only the epitaxial layers, which are subsequently transferred to transparent substrates, including glass and thermally-conductive diamond. Post-transfer properties are investigated, with power and temperature-dependent surface- and edge-emitting photoluminescence measurements demonstrating no observable strain relaxation effects or significant shift in comparison to unprocessed samples. The temperature dependent QW emission shift is found experimentally to be 0.13 nm/K. Samples capillary-bonded epitaxial-side to glass exhibited a 6 nm redshift under optical pumping of up to 35 mW at 405 nm, corresponding to a 46 K temperature increase in the pumped region; whereas those bonded to diamond exhibited no shift in QW emission, and thus efficient transfer of the heat from the pumped region. Atomic force microscopy analysis of the etched surface reveals a root-mean-square roughness of 3.6 nm. High quality optical interfaces are required to establish a good thermal and optical contact for high power optically pumped laser applications. - Highlights: • ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe II–VI multi-quantum well active regions are grown on InP. • Free-standing, II–VI films removed from InP substrate and InGaAs via wet etching • Negligible change of the quantum well photoluminescence after substrate removal • II–VI film transferred to diamond shows good

  11. Strain/size analysis in ternary compounds AgIn{sub 5} VI{sub 8} (Vi = S, Se, Te) by X-ray diffraction; Analisis de tension/tamano en compuestos ternarios AgIn{sub 5} VI{sub 8} (VI = S, Se, Te) mediante difraccion de rayos X

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fermin, J. R.; Salcedo, D. Y.; Durante R, C.; Castro, J. A. [Universidad del Zulia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Departamento de Fisica, Maracaibo, Zulia (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)

    2017-11-01

    In this work, we have study the microstructural properties of the ternary compounds AgIn{sub 5} VI{sub 8} (Vi = S, Se, Te) by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The linewidth of the XRD profile is measured as function of the diffraction angle. Structural parameters such as, average grain size, micro strains, and crystalline dislocation density, are obtained on the framework of a strain/size analysis based on the modified Scherrer equation for Gaussian profiles. The crystalline dislocation arrange according to a Gaussian distribution function, indicating that these dislocations are randomly distributed within the grains. (Author)

  12. Identification of Near-infrared [Se iii] and [Kr vi] Emission Lines in Planetary Nebulae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sterling, N. C.; Mashburn, A. L. [Department of Physics, University of West Georgia, 1601 Maple Street, Carrollton, GA 30118 (United States); Madonna, S.; García-Rojas, J.; Luridiana, V. [Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Butler, K. [Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München (Germany); Morisset, C. [Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 20164, 04510 (Mexico); Roederer, I. U., E-mail: nsterlin@westga.edu, E-mail: awhite15@my.westga.edu, E-mail: vale@iaa.es, E-mail: smadonna@iac.es, E-mail: jogarcia@iac.es, E-mail: butler@usm.uni-muenchen.de, E-mail: chris.morisset@gmail.com, E-mail: iur@umich.edu [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States)

    2017-05-10

    We identify [Se iii] 1.0994 μ m in the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 5315 and [Kr vi] 1.2330 μ m in three PNe from spectra obtained with the Folded-Port InfraRed Echellette (FIRE) spectrometer on the 6.5 m Baade Telescope. Se and Kr are the two most widely detected neutron-capture elements in astrophysical nebulae, and can be enriched by s -process nucleosynthesis in PN progenitor stars. The detection of [Se iii] 1.0994 μ m is particularly valuable when paired with observations of [Se iv] 2.2864 μ m, as it can be used to improve the accuracy of nebular Se abundance determinations, and allows Se ionization correction factor (ICF) schemes to be empirically tested for the first time. We present new effective collision strength calculations for Se{sup 2+} and Kr{sup 5+}, which we use to compute ionic abundances. In NGC 5315, we find that the Se abundance computed from Se{sup 3+}/H{sup +} is lower than that determined with ICFs that incorporate Se{sup 2+}/H{sup +}. We compute new Kr ICFs that take Kr{sup 5+}/H{sup +} into account, by fitting correlations found in grids of Cloudy models between Kr ionic fractions and those of more abundant elements, and use these to derive Kr abundances in four PNe. Observations of [Se iii] and [Kr vi] in a larger sample of PNe, with a range of excitation levels, are needed to rigorously test the ICF prescriptions for Se and our new Kr ICFs.

  13. A ideia, a série e a forma: Desafios da imagem no pensamento de Claude Lévi-Strauss

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlo Severi

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, parte-se da abordagem teórica da arte por Lévi-Strauss para aplicá-la a um objeto não explorado pelo próprio autor: a arte abstrata no Ocidente. O texto inicia com uma polêmica entre Lévi-Strauss e o teórico do surrealismo, André Breton, em torno da magia da arte. A polêmica põe a nu a originalidade de Lévi-Strauss enquanto teórico da arte, em diálogo permanente com os Modernistas de sua época, assim como a centralidade da arte na sua teoria estruturalista. Se para Breton a magia da arte é universal porque apela para processos de apreensão intuitivas, opostos à razão, para Lévi-Strauss o desafio da universalidade da arte consiste no fato de este ser um dos lugares privilegiados de exploração do pensamento formal. Lévi-Strauss propõe interpretar paralelamente, no interior de cada universo cultural, as coordenadas constitutivas da imagem e as operações mentais que essas coordenadas implicam. Sevi-Strauss seguiu este caminho para dar sentido aos arabescos kadiwéu, propõe-se aqui seguir esta trilha na exploração da arte abstrata.

  14. Enhanced removal of Se(VI) from water via pre-corrosion of zero-valent iron using H2O2/HCl: Effect of solution chemistry and mechanism investigation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shan, Chao; Chen, Jiajia; Yang, Zhe; Jia, Huichao; Guan, Xiaohong; Zhang, Weiming; Pan, Bingcai

    2018-04-15

    Although the removal of Se(VI) from water by using zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a promising method, passivation of ZVI severely inhibits its performance. To overcome such issue, we proposed an efficient technique to enhance Se(VI) removal via pre-corrosion of ZVI with H 2 O 2 /HCl in a short time (15 min). The resultant pcZVI suspension was weakly acidic (pH 4.56) and contained abundant aqueous Fe 2+ . 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that pcZVI mainly consisted of Fe 0 (66.2%), hydrated ferric oxide (26.3%), and Fe 3 O 4 (7.5%). Efficient removal of Se(VI) from sulfate-rich solution was achieved by pcZVI compared with ZVI (in the absence and presence of H 2 O 2 ) and acid-pretreated ZVI. Moreover, the efficient removal of Se(VI) by pcZVI sustained over a broad pH range (3-9) due to its strong buffering power. The presence of chloride, carbonate, nitrate, and common cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) posed negligible influence on the removal of Se(VI) by pcZVI, while the inhibitory effect induced by sulfate, silicate, and phosphate indicated the significance of Se(VI) adsorption as a prerequisite step for its removal. The consumption of aqueous Fe 2+ was associated with Se(VI) removal, and X-ray absorption near edge structure revealed that the main pathway for Se(VI) removal by pcZVI was a stepwise reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and then Se 0 as the dominant final state (78.2%). Moreover, higher electron selectivity of pcZVI was attributed to the enhanced enrichment of Se oxyanions prior to their reduction. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Simultaneous speciation of arsenic (As(III), MMA, DMA, and As(V)) and selenium (Se(IV), Se(VI), and SeCN{sup -}) in petroleum refinery aqueous streams

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tonietto, Gisele B.; Godoy, Jose M.; Oliveira, Ana Cristina [Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Souza, Marcia V. de [Petrobras/Cenpes, Research and Development Center, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

    2010-07-15

    High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an ICP-MS with an octapole reaction system (ORS) has been used to carry out quantitative speciation of selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) in the stream waters of a refining process. The argon dimers interfering with the {sup 78}Se and {sup 80}Se isotopes were suppressed by pressurizing the octapole chamber with 3.1 mL min{sup -1} H{sub 2} and 0.5 mL min{sup -1} He. Four arsenic species arsenite - As(III), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) - and three inorganic Se species - selenite Se(IV), selenate Se(VI), and selenocyanate (SeCN{sup -}) - were separated in a single run by ion chromatography (IC) using gradient elution with 100 mmol L{sup -1} NH{sub 4}NO{sub 3}, pH 8.5, adjusted by addition of NH{sub 3}, as eluent. Repeatabilities of peak position and of peak area evaluation were better than 1% and about 3%, respectively. Detection limits (as 3{sigma} of the baseline noise) were 81, 56, and 75 ng L{sup -1} for Se(IV), Se(VI), and SeCN{sup -}, respectively, and 22, 19, 25, and 16 ng L{sup -1} for As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA, respectively. Calibration curve R {sup 2} values ranged between 0.996 and 0.999 for the arsenic and selenium species. Column recovery for ion chromatography was calculated to be 97 {+-} 6% for combined arsenic species and 98 {+-} 3% for combined selenium species. Because certified reference materials for As and Se speciation studies are still not commercially available, in order to check accuracy and precision the method was applied to certified reference materials, BCR 714, BCR 1714, and BCR 715 and to two different refinery samples - inlet and outlet wastewater. The method was successfully used to study the quantitative speciation of selenium and arsenic in petroleum refinery wastewaters. (orig.)

  16. Synthesis of Cross-Linked Chitosan and Application to Adsorption and Speciation of Se (VI and Se (IV in Environmental Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yang Bai

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available A new type of cross-linked chitosan was synthesized with Diethylene Triamine (DCCTS. The adsorption of Se (VI on DCCTS was studied. The effect factors on adsorption and the adsorption mechanism were considered. The results indicated that the DCCTS could concentrate and separate Se (IV at pH = 3.6; the maximum adsorption efficiency was 94%, the adsorption equilibrium time was 30 min; the maximum adsorption capacity was 42.7 mg/g; the adsorption fitted Langmuir equation. A novel method for speciation of Se (VI and Se (IV in environmental water samples has been developed using DCCTS as adsorbent and ICP–OES as determination means. The detection limit of this method was 12 ng/L, the relatively standard deviation was 4.5% and the recovery was 99%~104%.

  17. On-line pre-reduction of Se(VI) by thiourea for selenium speciation by hydride generation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiu Jianhua; Wang Qiuquan; Ma Yuning; Yang Limin; Huang Benli

    2006-01-01

    In this study, thiourea (TU) was novelly developed as a reduction reagent for on-line pre-reduction of selenium(VI) before conventional hydride generation (HG) by KBH 4 /NaOH-HCl. After TU on-line pre-reduction, the HG efficiency of Se(VI) has been greatly improved and because even higher than that of the same amount of Se(IV) obtained in the conventional HG system. The possible pre-reduction mechanism is discussed. The detection limit (DL) of selenate reaches 10 pg mL -1 when using on-line TU pre-reduction followed by HG atomic fluorescence detection. When TU pre-reduction followed by HG is used as an interface between ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, selenocystine, selenomethionine, selenite and selenate can be measured simultaneously and quantitatively. The DLs of these are 0.06, 0.08, 0.05 and 0.04 ng mL -1 , respectively, and the relative standard deviations of 9 duplicate runs for all the 4 species are less than 5%. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to Se speciation analysis of cultured garlic samples, and validated by determination of total selenium and selenium species in certified reference material NIST 1946

  18. On-line pre-reduction of Se(VI) by thiourea for selenium speciation by hydride generation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qiu Jianhua [Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China); Wang Qiuquan [Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China)]. E-mail: qqwang@xmu.edu.cn; Ma Yuning [Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China); Yang Limin [Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China); Huang Benli [Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China)

    2006-07-15

    In this study, thiourea (TU) was novelly developed as a reduction reagent for on-line pre-reduction of selenium(VI) before conventional hydride generation (HG) by KBH{sub 4}/NaOH-HCl. After TU on-line pre-reduction, the HG efficiency of Se(VI) has been greatly improved and because even higher than that of the same amount of Se(IV) obtained in the conventional HG system. The possible pre-reduction mechanism is discussed. The detection limit (DL) of selenate reaches 10 pg mL{sup -1} when using on-line TU pre-reduction followed by HG atomic fluorescence detection. When TU pre-reduction followed by HG is used as an interface between ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, selenocystine, selenomethionine, selenite and selenate can be measured simultaneously and quantitatively. The DLs of these are 0.06, 0.08, 0.05 and 0.04 ng mL{sup -1}, respectively, and the relative standard deviations of 9 duplicate runs for all the 4 species are less than 5%. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to Se speciation analysis of cultured garlic samples, and validated by determination of total selenium and selenium species in certified reference material NIST 1946.

  19. ESCOAMENTO DA ÁGUA DA CHUVA PELO TRONCO DAS ÁRVORES EM UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Simões Lorenzon

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOEste trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estação de Pesquisas, Treinamento e Educação Ambiental Mata do Paraíso, situada no Município de Viçosa, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e teve como objetivo avaliar o escoamento pelo tronco em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica, no período de agosto de 2009 a março de 2011. Para quantificar esse escoamento, foram demarcadas seis parcelas de 10 x 10 m, sendo em cada parcela adaptados coletores à base de poliuretano nos troncos das árvores com circunferência 15,0 cm. Um pluviômetro foi instalado em local aberto para quantificar a água diretamente da chuva. Além disso, realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos indivíduos do escoamento pelo troco, avaliando a qualidade do fuste e da copa, posição no estrato da floresta e infestação de cipó. Em todo o período de análises, foram realizadas 75 medições. Nas parcelas de escoamento pelo tronco foram amostrados 126 indivíduos, distribuídos em 29 famílias e 59 espécies. A precipitação em aberto foi de 2.391,63 mm, e o escoamento pelo tronco somou 31,59 mm, ou 1,32% da precipitação em aberto. A espécie com maior escoamento pelo tronco foi a Euterpe edulis, com um volume médio de água escoado de 637,00 L. Das espécies com maior escoamento pelo tronco, 73,91% encontravam-se no estrato inferior da floresta, evidenciando que algumas espécies possuem algum tipo de adaptação morfológica para captação da água da chuva.

  20. Magnetism in the p-type Monolayer II-VI semiconductors SrS and SrSe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Heng-Fu; Lau, Woon-Ming; Zhao, Jijun

    2017-01-01

    Using density functional theory calculations, we study the electronic and magnetic properties of the p-type monolayer II-VI semiconductors SrX (X = S,Se). The pristine SrS and SrSe monolayers are large band gap semiconductor with a very flat band in the top valence band. Upon injecting hole uniformly, ferromagnetism emerges in those system in a large range of hole density. By varying hole density, the systems also show complicated phases transition among nonmagnetic semiconductor, half metal, magnetic semiconductor, and nonmagnetic metal. Furthermore, after introducing p-type dopants in SrS and SrSe via substitutionary inserting P (or As) dopants at the S (or Se) sites, local magnetic moments are formed around the substitutional sites. The local magnetic moments are stable with the ferromagnetic order with appreciable Curie temperature. The ferromagnetism originates from the instability of the electronic states in SrS and SrSe with the large density of states at the valence band edge, which demonstrates a useful strategy for realizing the ferromagnetism in the two dimensional semiconductors. PMID:28378761

  1. Contribuições para interação pelo olhar com teclados virtuais

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Díaz Tula

    2015-01-01

    A presente tese de doutorado insere-se na área de interação pelo olhar. A interação pelo olhar é uma forma de comunicação com o computador utilizando os movimentos oculares do usuário. Pessoas com deficiência física, que não conseguem usar dispositivos convencionais como um teclado e um mouse de computador, podem se beneficiar da interação pelo olhar para se comunicarem e se inserirem na sociedade. Para isso a entrada de texto ou digitação pelo olhar é um recurso importante e assunto principa...

  2. Biotransformación del pelo residual de curtiembres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Viviana Numpaque

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La industria de curtiembres genera una alta carga contaminante representada por residuos líquidos, sólidos y gaseosos. Entre los residuos sólidos, el pelo residual es vertido directamente al río Bogotá y/o en rellenos sanitarios, desencadenando serios conflictos de orden ambiental, social y económico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad de los microorganismos del EM y Agroplux en la transformación del pelo residual en compost. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos con pelo residual y materiales orgánicos de plaza en diferentes porcentajes y dos controles, utilizando el diseño completamente al azar, con tres repeticiones. Durante el compostaje se determinaron las variables temperatura, formación de agregados, pH y conductividad eléctrica. El desarrollo de la temperatura ocurrió en ciclos que concordaron con los volteos y re-inoculaciones. En el tercer ciclo el mayor incremento de temperatura fue obtenido en los tres tratamientos, cuando ya se había agotado la mayor parte de los residuos orgánicos. La formación de agregados indicó que el proceso se llevó a efecto principalmente en el tratamiento con 20% de pelo residual más 80% de residuos orgánicos. Además de su color oscuro y la ausencia de olor y fragmentos, el compost producido mediante dicho tratamiento mostró la conductividad eléctrica más baja y un pH casi neutro. Se concluye que los microorganismos del EM y Agroplux tienen capacidad para transformar el pelo residual en compost y por lo tanto representan una alternativa viable para la continuación del funcionamiento de la industria de curtiembres en Villapinzón (Cundinamarca y en otras regiones de Colombia.

  3. Synthesis and crystal structure of new uranyl selenite(IV)-selenate(VI) [C5H14N][(UO2)3(SeO4)4(HSeO3)(H2O)](H2SeO3)(HSeO4)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krivovichev, S.V.; Tananaev, I.G.; Myasoedov, B.F.; Kalenberg, V.

    2006-01-01

    Crystals of new uranyl selenite(IV)-selenate(VI) [C 5 H 14 N][(UO 2 ) 3 (SeO 4 ) 4 (HSeO 3 )(H 2 O)](H 2 SeO 3 )(HSeO 4 ) are obtained by the method of evaporation from aqueous solutions. Compound has triclinic lattice, space group P1-bar, a=11.7068(9), b=14.8165(12), c=16.9766(15), α=73.899(6), β=76.221(7), γ=89.361(6) Deg, V=2743.0(4) A 3 , Z=2. Laminated complexes (UO 2 ) 3 (SeO 4 ) 4 (HSeO 3 )(H 2 O)] 3- are the basis of the structure. [HSe(VI)O 4 ] - , [H 2 Se(IV)O 3 ] complexes and protonated methylbutylamine cations are disposed between layers [ru

  4. As duas naturezas de Lévi-Strauss

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Philippe Descola

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Aborda-se aqui a complexidade do status do par conceitual natureza e cultura no pensamento de Lévi-Strauss. Ao mesmo tempo ferramenta de análise, cena filosófica dos primórdios e antinomia a superar, revisita-se os diferentes usos e significados na obra de Lévi-Strauss do conceito de natureza e sua relação com o de cultura. Mostra-se como é possível reconhecer na obra de Lévi-Strauss dois conceitos de natureza: por um lado, uma natureza que se opõe à cultura num programa científico formulado em termos classicamente dualistas e, por outro, uma teoria do conhecimento decididamente monista que considera o espírito como parte e produto desse mesmo mundo. Argumenta-se que se o dualismo entre cultura e natureza fundou o pensamento estruturalista de Lévi-Strauss, é na própria obra deste que encontramos os argumentos e meios de superá-lo. A vocação do estruturalismo na antropologia de hoje, no entanto, é de ir mais longe neste caminho do que foi o próprio fundador.

  5. Strain effects in the common-cation II-VI heterostructures: case of ZnS/ZnSe superlattices

    CERN Document Server

    Tit, N

    2003-01-01

    The electronic band-structures of the strained-layer ZnS/ZnSe (001) superlattices (SLs) have been investigated using the sp sup 3 s* tight-binding method, which includes the strain and spin-orbit effects. The SL band-structures are studied versus the biaxial strain, layer thickness, and band offsets. The results suggest that the common-cation II-VI heterojunction exhibit a vanishingly small conduction-band offset (CBO). It is shown that the SL valence-band top state is always a heavy-hole localized within ZnSe slabs; whereas the conduction-band edge state (electron) is sensitive to the biaxial strain (or VBO). To assess the strain effects, we considered three differently strained SLs corresponding to the three substrates: (i) ZnSe; (ii) ZnS sub 0 sub . sub 5 Se sub 0 sub . sub 5; and (iii) ZnS. The results show that all the studied SLs are of type-I except those strained to ZnS (case iii), that may exhibit type-I to type-II transition. One striking result obtained here is the existence of a critical VBO (V su...

  6. A tradução das legendas do filme Intouchables : análise da explicitação sob o viés do personagem Driss

    OpenAIRE

    Pimentel, Beatriz de Araujo Pereira Falcão

    2014-01-01

    A análise da explicitação da legendagem em Intouchables é realizada neste trabalho sob o viés do personagem principal do filme, Driss. O filme foi lançado em 2011, pelos diretores Olivier Nakache e Éric Toledano, e inspirado em um documentário intitulado À la vie et à la mort de Jean-Pierre Devillers de 2002. Trata-se também de uma adaptação fílmica do livro Le second souffle, uma autobiografia de Philippe Pozzo. Para esta análise, tem-se inicialmente uma fundamentação teórica sobre a explici...

  7. Nd2(SeO3)2(SeO4) . 2H2O - a mixed-valence compound containing selenium in the oxidation states +IV and +VI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berdonosov, P.S.; Dityat'yev, O.A.; Dolgikh, V.A.; Schmidt, P.; Ruck, Michael; Lightfoot, P.

    2004-01-01

    Pale pink crystals of Nd 2 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SeO 4 ) . 2H 2 O were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from H 2 SeO 3 and Nd 2 O 3 at about 200 C. X-ray diffraction on powder and single-crystals revealed that the compound crystallizes with the monoclinic space group C 2/c (a = 12.276(1) A, b = 7.0783(5) A, c = 13.329(1) A, β = 104.276(7) ). The crystal structure of Nd 2 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SeO 4 ) . 2H 2 O is an ordered variant of the corresponding erbium compound. Eight oxygen atoms coordinate the Nd III atom in the shape of a bi-capped trigonal prism. The oxygen atoms are part of pyramidal (Se IV O 3 ) 2- groups, (Se VI O 4 ) 2- tetrahedra and water molecules. The [NdO 8 ] polyhedra share edges to form chains oriented along [010]. The selenate ions link these chains into layers parallel to (001). The layers are interconnected by the selenite ions into a three-dimensional framework. The dehydration of Nd 2 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SeO 4 ) . 2H 2 O starts at 260 C. The thermal decomposition into Nd 2 SeO 5 , SeO 2 and O 2 at 680 C is followed by further loss of SeO 2 leaving cubic Nd 2 O 3 . (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [de

  8. Weak antilocalization induced by Rashba spin-orbit interaction in layered III-VI compound semiconductor GaSe thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takasuna, Shoichi; Shiogai, Junichi; Matsuzaka, Shunichiro; Kohda, Makoto; Oyama, Yutaka; Nitta, Junsaku

    2017-10-01

    Magnetoconductance (MC) at low temperature was measured to investigate spin-related transport affected by spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in III-VI compound n -type GaSe thin films. Results reveal that MC shows weak antilocalization (WAL). Its temperature and gate voltage dependences reveal that the dominant spin relaxation is governed by the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism associated with the Rashba SOI. The estimated Rashba SOI strength in GaSe is much stronger than that of III-V compound GaAs quantum wells, although the energy gap and spin split-off band in GaSe closely resemble those in GaAs. The angle dependence of WAL amplitude in the in-plane magnetic field direction is almost isotropic. This isotropy indicates that the strength of the Dresselhaus SOI is negligible compared with the Rashba SOI strength. The SOI effect in n -GaSe thin films differs greatly from those of III-V compound semiconductors and transition-metal dichalcogenides.

  9. Adsorción de Cr VI sobre residuos de café

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Cubides Guerrero

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudió el proceso de adsorción de cromo VI en 3 diferentes adsorbentes; carbón activado comercial, carbón activado preparado a partir de residuos de café y los residuos de café. De estos se eligió el residuo de café (cuncho, como la mejor alternativa entre las analizadas, para este propósito se trabajó como modelo de estudio, soluciones acuosas de dicromato de potasio en concentraciones de 5μg/ml (expresada como cromo VI y diferentes dosificaciones de residuo de café; la concentración de cromo VI se analizó por espectrofotometría a 540 nm y la de cromo total se realizó por absorción atómica, para este proceso se analizaron las isotermas de adsorción y se determinó que el proceso se adapta al modelo de Freundlich, la cinética de la adsorción es de segundo orden y se llegaron a obtener adsorciones superiores al 95% de cromo VI.

  10. Insights into the subsurface transport of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water from hydraulic fracturing using soil samples from Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Season S; Sun, Yuqing; Tsang, Daniel C W; Graham, Nigel J D; Ok, Yong Sik; Feng, Yujie; Li, Xiang-Dong

    2017-04-01

    Produced water is a type of wastewater generated from hydraulic fracturing, which may pose a risk to the environment and humans due to its high ionic strength and the presence of elevated concentrations of metals/metalloids that exceed maximum contamination levels. The mobilization of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water and selected soils from Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin in China were investigated using column experiments and synthetic produced water whose quality was representative of waters arising at different times after well creation. Temporal effects of produced water on metal/metalloid transport and sorption/desorption were investigated by using HYDRUS-1D transport modelling. Rapid breakthrough and long tailings of As(V) and Se(VI) transport were observed in Day 1 and Day 14 solutions, but were reduced in Day 90 solution probably due to the elevated ionic strength. The influence of produced water on the hydrogeological conditions (i.e., change between equilibrium and non-equilibrium transport) was evidenced by the change of tracer breakthrough curves before and after the leaching of produced water. This possibly resulted from the sorption of polyacrylamide (PAM (-CH 2 CHCONH 2 -) n ) onto soil surfaces, through its use as a friction reducer in fracturing solutions. The sorption was found to be reversible in this study. Minimal amounts of sorbed As(V) were desorbed whereas the majority of sorbed Se(VI) was readily leached out, to an extent which varied with the composition of the produced water. These results showed that the mobilization of As(V) and Se(VI) in soil largely depended on the solution pH and ionic strength. Understanding the differences in metal/metalloid transport in produced water is important for proper risk management. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. A VERSÃO DE SENTIDO NA CLÍNICA GESTÁLTICA: UM RELATO DA APREENSÃO DO MÉTODO PELO PSICOTERAPEUTA INICIANTE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Caroline Costa

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Os diversos modelos de registro das sessões psicoterápicas adotados são em sua maioria, fatuais e objetivados, o que não facilita a leitura fenomenológica do processo. A partir desta problemática, no contexto da abordagem Gestáltica, se apresentou um relato de experiência do estágio profissionalizante em clínica para adultos da Faculdade Católica de Quixadá quanto à apreensão do método da Versão de Sentido. Teve-se por objetivo relatar o processo de aprendizagem deste método de registro nos estagiários. Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa a partir de uma leitura fenomenológica das Versões de Sentido. Trata-se de um instrumento e um método de descrição da experiência imediata do psicoterapeuta escrito de forma sintética após a sessão com o cliente. Entendeu-se que sua apreensão pelo psicoterapeuta é gradual e compreendida como um processo de aprender a se dissuadir da influência e do viés positivista e racionalista no registro das sessões. Compreendeu-se que não se trata de aprendermos uma técnica ou um método simplesmente, e, muito além de uma aprendizagem simplesmente mimética, é um processo que exige autoconhecimento.

  12. Avaliação da correção da energia pelo balanço de nitrogênio em alimentos para frangos de corte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.C. Andrade

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de determinar valores de energia metabolizável aparente e de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio de alimentos para frangos de corte, bem como avaliar os efeitos da correção da energia sobre seu desempenho, foram conduzidos dois experimentos: I determinação da energia do milho, do farelo de soja, da farinha de carne e ossos, da farinha de vísceras e da farinha de penas, pelo método de coleta total de excretas, utilizando-se 450 pintos de corte com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo seis tratamentos e cinco repetições; II desempenho de 960 frangos de corte, distribuídos ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. As aves que receberam os tratamentos A (matriz energética de acordo com Rostagno et al. (2011 e E (energia sem correção com ajuste pela idade apresentaram melhor desempenho, e as aves do tratamento E tiveram melhor conversão alimentar. Portanto, formulações com energia sem correção pelo balanço de nitrogênio e ajustadas pela idade são viáveis tanto sob o ponto de vista zootécnico, quanto econômico.

  13. Arremessar por cima do ombro e a distância percorrida pelo implemento

    OpenAIRE

    Silva,Samuel Bento da; Vilela Junior,Guanis de Barros; Toloka,Rute Estanislava

    2009-01-01

    A habilidade de arremessar por cima do ombro tem sido bastante estudada, observando-se a velocidade do implemento, porém enquanto muitas tarefas têm como objetivo arremessar o mais longe possível, a distância percorrida pelo objeto ainda não tem sido investigada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe relação entre o estágio de desenvolvimento motor nesta habilidade e a distância percorrida pelo implemento e observar diferenças entre os gêneros masculino e feminino; 50 crianças, com ...

  14. Explorations of new phases in the Ga(III)/In(III)-Mo(VI)-Se(IV)/Te(IV)-O systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kong, Fang; Hu, Chun-Li; Hu, Ting; Zhou, Yong; Mao, Jiang-Gao

    2009-07-07

    Systematic explorations of new phases in the Ga(III)/In(III)-Mo(VI)-Se(IV)/Te(IV)-O systems by hydrothermal syntheses or solid-state reactions at high-temperature led to four new quaternary compounds, namely, Ga(2)MoQ(2)O(10) (Q = Se, Te), In(2)Mo(2)Se(2)O(13)(H(2)O) and In(2)MoTe(2)O(10). Ga(2)MoQ(2)O(10) (Q = Se, Te) are isostructural and their structures feature a 3D network of gallium selenite/tellurite with 12-member ring tunnels along b-axis, the distorted MoO(6) octahedra are attached on the wall of the above tunnels. The structure of In(2)Mo(2)Se(2)O(13)(H(2)O) features a new pillared-layered architecture composed of 2D indium(III) selenite layers that are interconnected by Mo(2)O(10) dimers, forming 8-membered ring tunnels along the b-axis. The structure of In(2)MoTe(2)O(10) features a 2D indium oxide layer formed by corner- and edge-sharing InO(6) and InO(7) polyhedra with MoO(4) tetrahedra and TeO(n) (n = 4, 5) polyhedra hanging on both sides of the layer, there are weak interlayer Te-O bonds of 2.512 A. Results of optical diffuse reflectance spectrum measurements indicate that all four compounds are insulators, which are in agreement with results of band structure calculations based on DFT methods.

  15. USO DE ESCHERICHIA COLI PARA BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE EFLUENTES CONTAMINADOS POR CROMO (VI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María C. Panigatti

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el uso de la Escherichia coli en la detoxificación de aguas residuales con Cr (VI perteneciente a una planta metalmecánica. Se evaluó el crecimiento y desarrollo de E. coli con distintas concentraciones de Cr (VI, en diferentes tiempos y condiciones de trabajo. Se estudió la biorreducción de cromo utilizando la cepa en estudio, en diferentes soportes y se evaluó la influencia de la presencia de metales tales como plomo, níquel y zinc. La bacteria fue capaz de reducir Cr(VI trabajando con concentraciones de hasta 200 mg . L-1. Se comprobó la adaptabilidad de la cepa para adoptar como mecanismo de detoxificación, la biorreducción del metal pesado. La presencia de otros metales como plomo, níquel y zinc retrasa el proceso, pero no lo inhibe totalmente. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la posibilidad de utilizar E. coli en la biorremediación de un efluente industrial conteniendo Cr(VI.

  16. Comparing the influence of selenite (Se4+) and selenate (Se6+) on the inhibition of the mercury (Hg) phytotoxicity to pak choi.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tran, Thi Anh Thu; Dinh, Quang Toan; Cui, Zeiwei; Huang, Jie; Wang, Dan; Wei, Tianjiao; Liang, Dongli; Sun, Xin; Ning, Ping

    2018-01-01

    Selenite (Se (IV)) and selenate (Se (IV)) have recently been demonstrated to be equally effective in inhibiting mercury (Hg) phytotoxicity to plants. This assertion is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential effects of Se species (Se 4+ and Se 6+ ) on the inhibition of the mercury (Hg) bioavailability to pak choi in dry land. Pot experiments with exposure to different dosages of mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) and selenite (Na 2 SeO 3 ) or selenate (Na 2 SeO 4 ) were treated. To compare the influence of Se (IV) and Se (VI) on the bioaccumulation and bioavailability of Hg, the levels of total Hg in different pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) tissues (roots and shoots) and the distribution changes of Hg fractions in soil before planting and after harvest were determined as well as the Hg I R values in soils (relative binding intensity) were analyzed. Results showed that application Se (IV) reduced the concentrations of Hg in pak choi roots more than Se (VI). Hg concentrations were also decreased in pak choi shoots in Se (IV) treatments, while which notably increased in Se (VI) treatments. Thus, Se (IV) plays a more important role than Se (VI) in limiting the absorption and bioaccumulation of Hg in pak choi. Moreover, this inhibition may only significantly occur when Se (IV) is at an appropriate level (2.5mg/kg). In addition, the good correlations between the proportions of mobile Hg fractions (soluble and exchangeable fractions), I R values with the Hg concentrations in plants were observed. This affirmed the importance of the Hg fractions transformation and the I R indicator of Hg in the assessment of their bioavailability. Our findings regarding the importance of Se (IV) influence in reducing Hg bioaccumulation not only provided the correct appraisal about the effect of Se species on the inhibition of the Hg phytotoxicity to pak choi in dry land, but also be a good reference for selecting Se fertilizer forms (Se 4+ or Se 6+ ). Copyright © 2017

  17. Adsorción de Cr VI sobre residuos de café

    OpenAIRE

    Pablo Cubides Guerrero; José Herney Ramírez Franco

    2014-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se estudió el proceso de adsorción de cromo VI en 3 diferentes adsorbentes; carbón activado comercial, carbón activado preparado a partir de residuos de café y los residuos de café. De estos se eligió el residuo de café (cuncho), como la mejor alternativa entre las analizadas, para este propósito se trabajó como modelo de estudio, soluciones acuosas de dicromato de potasio en concentraciones de 5μg/ml (expresada como cromo VI) y diferentes dosificaciones de residuo de c...

  18. Hvad skal vi med Etisk Råd?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ploug, Thomas; Gjerris, Mickey

    2012-01-01

    Det Etiske Råd har for os at se en væsentlig rolle at spille i et åbent og demokratisk samfund som det danske. Vi skal være med til at skabe grobund for de værdidiskussioner, som skal forme fremtidens samfund. Etik er at være i dialog – ikke at kaste med mudder.......Det Etiske Råd har for os at se en væsentlig rolle at spille i et åbent og demokratisk samfund som det danske. Vi skal være med til at skabe grobund for de værdidiskussioner, som skal forme fremtidens samfund. Etik er at være i dialog – ikke at kaste med mudder....

  19. A transferable force field for CdS-CdSe-PbS-PbSe solid systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fan, Zhaochuan; Koster, Rik S.; Wang, Shuaiwei; Fang, Changming; Yalcin, Anil O.; Tichelaar, Frans D.; Zandbergen, Henny W.; van Huis, Marijn A.; Vlugt, Thijs J. H.

    2014-12-01

    A transferable force field for the PbSe-CdSe solid system using the partially charged rigid ion model has been successfully developed and was used to study the cation exchange in PbSe-CdSe heteronanocrystals [A. O. Yalcin et al., "Atomic resolution monitoring of cation exchange in CdSe-PbSe heteronanocrystals during epitaxial solid-solid-vapor growth," Nano Lett. 14, 3661-3667 (2014)]. In this work, we extend this force field by including another two important binary semiconductors, PbS and CdS, and provide detailed information on the validation of this force field. The parameterization combines Bader charge analysis, empirical fitting, and ab initio energy surface fitting. When compared with experimental data and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that a wide range of physical properties of bulk PbS, PbSe, CdS, CdSe, and their mixed phases can be accurately reproduced using this force field. The choice of functional forms and parameterization strategy is demonstrated to be rational and effective. This transferable force field can be used in various studies on II-VI and IV-VI semiconductor materials consisting of CdS, CdSe, PbS, and PbSe. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the force field model by molecular dynamics simulations whereby transformations are initiated by cation exchange.

  20. A transferable force field for CdS-CdSe-PbS-PbSe solid systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fan, Zhaochuan; Vlugt, Thijs J. H., E-mail: t.j.h.vlugt@tudelft.nl [Process and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft,The Netherlands (Netherlands); Koster, Rik S.; Fang, Changming; Huis, Marijn A. van [Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht (Netherlands); Wang, Shuaiwei [Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006 (China); Yalcin, Anil O.; Tichelaar, Frans D.; Zandbergen, Henny W. [Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft (Netherlands)

    2014-12-28

    A transferable force field for the PbSe-CdSe solid system using the partially charged rigid ion model has been successfully developed and was used to study the cation exchange in PbSe-CdSe heteronanocrystals [A. O. Yalcin et al., “Atomic resolution monitoring of cation exchange in CdSe-PbSe heteronanocrystals during epitaxial solid-solid-vapor growth,” Nano Lett. 14, 3661–3667 (2014)]. In this work, we extend this force field by including another two important binary semiconductors, PbS and CdS, and provide detailed information on the validation of this force field. The parameterization combines Bader charge analysis, empirical fitting, and ab initio energy surface fitting. When compared with experimental data and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that a wide range of physical properties of bulk PbS, PbSe, CdS, CdSe, and their mixed phases can be accurately reproduced using this force field. The choice of functional forms and parameterization strategy is demonstrated to be rational and effective. This transferable force field can be used in various studies on II-VI and IV-VI semiconductor materials consisting of CdS, CdSe, PbS, and PbSe. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the force field model by molecular dynamics simulations whereby transformations are initiated by cation exchange.

  1. Estudio de inmunogenicidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana de polisacárido Vi vax-TyVi® en ratones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Ramírez

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi es un microorganismo que provoca más de 16 millones de casos de fiebre tifoidea con aproximadamente 600 000 muertes al año en todo el mundo. Dentro de las vacunas antitifoídicas la de polisacárido capsular Vi ha encontrado, gracias a sus incuestionables ventajas, una gran aceptación entre productores y consumidores. El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de inmunogenicidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana de polisacárido Vi vax-TyViâ en ratones. El estudio estuvo conformado por un grupo control no inoculado y un segundo grupo que recibió 0,05 mL de la vacuna por vía intramuscular. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a los -3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 y 84 días. La actividad de anticuerpos IgG antipolisacárido Vi de los sueros individuales fue determinada por ELISA. Los datos fueron analizados por grupo y por sexo y se calculó el porcentaje de seroconversión, considerándose respondedor aquel animal que al menos aumentara en cuatro veces su título inicial. La respuesta de anticuerpos inducida por la vacuna mostró un aumento notable de los títulos de IgG antipolisacárido Vi en el grupo vacunado (100% de seroconversión, mientras que el grupo control no incrementó sus niveles mínimos iniciales (0% de respondedores. Aunque más dispersa, la respuesta de anticuerpos antiVi fue significativamente mayor en las hembras que en los machos.

  2. Structural and elastic properties of AIBIIIC 2 VI semiconductors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, V.; Singh, Bhanu P.

    2018-01-01

    The plane wave pseudo-potential method within density functional theory has been used to calculate the structural and elastic properties of AIBIIIC 2 VI semiconductors. The electronic band structure, density of states, lattice constants (a and c), internal parameter (u), tetragonal distortion (η), energy gap (Eg), and bond lengths of the A-C (dAC) and B-C (dBC) bonds in AIBIIIC 2 VI semiconductors have been calculated. The values of elastic constants (Cij), bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), Young's modulus (Y), Poisson's ratio (υ), Zener anisotropy factor (A), Debye temperature (ϴD) and G/B ratio have also been calculated. The values of all 15 parameters of CuTlS2 and CuTlSe2 compounds, and 8 parameters of 20 compounds of AIBIIIC 2 VI family, except AgInS2 and AgInSe2, have been calculated for the first time. Reasonably good agreement has been obtained between the calculated, reported and available experimental values.

  3. Democracia digital? Os usos da Internet pelos sindicatos da saúde

    OpenAIRE

    Marques Alves, P.

    2015-01-01

    Os movimentos sindicais dos países capitalistas desenvolvidos vêm enfrentando uma crise profunda desde os anos 70. As suas causas são múltiplas, nelas se mesclando fatores que lhes são exógenos com outros endógenos, remetendo para a sua burocratização. Visando revitalizar-se, eles têm vindo a implementar ações diversificadas, onde se conta a adoção das TIC e da Internet. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre a adoção e os usos da Internet pelos sindicatos da saúde. Visou-se c...

  4. Papel da 2-tridecanona e dos tricomas glandulares tipo VI na resistência do tomateiro a Tuta absoluta Role of 2-tridecanone and type VI glandular trichome on tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsa Gilardón

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available O metabólito secundário 2-tridecanona, secretado pelos tricomas glandulares tipo VI das folhas de tomateiro silvestre, Lycopersicon hirsutum L., confere-lhe resistência a uma grande variedade de insetos, inclusive a traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de 2- tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro na cultivar suscetível 'Uco Plata' (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., na linhagem resistente PI 134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum e em suas progênies F1 e F2. Foram avaliadas ainda as possíveis associações entre a concentração de 2-tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro. O grau médio de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro em 'Uco Plata' foi significativamente superior ao obtido em PI 134417. Ainda que a concentração de 2-tridecanona tenha sido significativamente superior no parental resistente, a presença deste metabólito somente explicaria parcialmente a resistência (R² = 8,17%. Não se detectaram diferenças significativas na densidade de tricomas tipo VI entre o parental suscetível e o resistente. Este comportamento ocorreu independentemente do conteúdo de 2-tridecanona e do grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro.The secondary metabolite 2-tridecanone, secreted by the type VI glandular trichomes present in the leaves of Lycopersicon hirsutum L., make it resistant to a great variety of insects, including the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick. The 2-tridecanone concentration, the type VI glandular trichome densities and the pinworm infestation degree were evaluated on the Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. susceptible cultivar 'Uco Plata', on the Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum resistant accession PI 134417 and on their F1 and F2. The mean infestation degree with pinworm larvae was significantly higher in 'Uco Plata' than in PI 134417. The 2

  5. Growth and characterization of ZnCdMgSe-based green light emitters and distributed Bragg reflectors towards II-VI based semiconductor disk lasers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Jesus, Joel; Gayen, Swapan K.; Garcia, Thor A.; Tamargo, Maria C.; Kartazaev, Vladimir; Jones, Brynmor E.; Schlosser, Peter J.; Hastie, Jennifer E.

    2015-01-01

    We report the structural and optical properties of molecular beam epitaxy grown II-VI semiconductor multiple quantum well (MQW) structures and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) on InP substrates for application in developing optically-pumped semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) operating in the green spectral range. One sample was grown directly on an InP substrate with an InGaAs buffer layer, while another had a 5-period ZnCdMgSe-based DBR grown on the InGaAs/InP substrate. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed sharp superlattice peaks and abrupt layer interfaces, while steady-state photoluminescence measurements demonstrated surface emission between 540-570 nm. Under pulsed excitation both samples exhibited features of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated emission, accompanied by luminescence lifetime shortening. The sample with the DBR showed higher surface luminescence and the onset of ASE at lower pump power. To further explore the design and performance of a ZnCdMgSe-based DBR, a 20-period DBR was grown and a reflectivity of 83% was obtained at ∝560 nm. We estimate that a DBR with ∝40 periods would be needed for optimal performance in a SDL using these materials. These results show the potential of II-VI MQW structures on InP substrates for the development of SDLs operational in the green-yellow wavelength range. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  6. A diversidade de lagartos na Caatinga é mediada pelos térmitas?

    OpenAIRE

    Souza, Heitor Bruno de Araujo

    2012-01-01

    Ao tentar explicar a extraordinária taxa de coexistência de lagartos em desertos Australianos, Morton & James (1988) formularam uma hipótese em que a diversidade de térmitas promoveria uma diversificação dos lagartos. O presente estudo visa verificar se essa hipótese é válida para as taxocenoses de lagartos da Caatinga. Objetiva-se também verificar se os mecanismos de defesa dos térmitas influenciam a taxa com que esses são consumidos pelos lagartos e se esse padrão difere entre diferentes li...

  7. Prevalência do complexo teníase-cisticercose na zona rural do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais Prevalence of Taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the rural area of Viçosa-MG, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Felix Iasbik

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available A teníase é uma doença que se manifesta no ser humano em decorrência da presença da forma adulta da Taenia sp., enquanto a cisticercose decorre da infecção pelo estágio larvar da Taenia sp. ou Taenia solium, no caso dos suínos e humanos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal visando a determinar a prevalência de cisticercose em suínos e de teníase em 176 propriedades localizadas na zona rural de Viçosa, Minas Gerais (MG. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 226 suínos e fezes de 266 humanos, além da realização de um inquérito epidemiológico. Não foi identificada teníase humana, e a prevalência da cisticercose suína foi de 0,4%. As informações obtidas mostraram que a maioria das pessoas possuía o hábito de consumir carne suína não inspecionada; entretanto, todas as pessoas se alimentavam da carne bem aquecida. Em apenas 1,1% das propriedades, o esgoto era depositado diretamente no solo e em 99,4% destas a água era canalizada, enquanto 88,1% dos suínos eram criados presos. Concluiu-se que, na zona rural do município de Viçosa-MG, a prevalência do complexo teníase-cisticercose foi baixa, mostrando ainda um nível de contaminação inferior ao de outros municípios onde o complexo foi estudado.Taeniasis occurs due to the presence of the adult form of Taenia sp. in human beings, and cysticercosis is caused by the presence of the larval stage of T. solium in pigs and humans. A transversal study was conducted aiming to determine the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and Taeniasis in 176 farms located in rural areas of Viçosa-MG. Blood samples of 226 pigs, and feces samples of 266 humans were collected. An epidemiological survey has also been done. We found a prevalence of 0.4% of porcine cysticercosis and Taeniasis has not been found. The epidemiological data has shown that although most people consumed non-inspected pork, it used to be prepared well-done. Data showed that 88.1% of the pigs are reared in confinement

  8. OS BENEFÍCIOS PERCEBIDOS PELOS PRINCIPAIS STAKEHOLDERS DE UMA REDE DE EMPRESAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Metzger

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo retrata um estudo relacionado aos benefícios percebidos pelos principais stakeholders de uma rede de empresas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a pequena empresa, os antecedentes históricos das redes de empresas, os conceitos relacionados, as tipologias e características estruturais, os benefícios proporcionados pelas redes e apresentou-se o Programa Redes de Cooperação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Descreveram-se também os conceitos de stakeholders, as suas classificações e os benefícios do relacionamento destes grupos. Considerando este contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e analisar os benefícios percebidos pelos principais stakeholders envolvidos com a rede de cooperação Hipereletro. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso a partir dos dados coletados através da pesquisa de campo, por meio de um questionário aplicado a quatro grupos envolvidos com a Hipereletro. Após a análise dos dados, identificaram-se os benefícios percebidos por cada stakeholder. Os associados perceberam benefícios nas ações de marketing, nas negociações em conjunto e no relacionamento entre as empresas, destacam-se as promoções realizadas pelo grupo, obtenção de melhores preços nas compras e troca de informações, conhecimentos e experiências. Já os funcionários apontaram a melhora na apresentação da empresa, realização de eventos e a troca de informações entre as lojas. Para os fornecedores, os primeiros reflexos da parceria com a rede foram o aumento das vendas, a garantia de pagamento e a fidelidade das empresas. E, quanto aos clientes, destacaram-se a percepção em relação à mudança da fachada da loja, as promoções e a diferença nos preços dos produtos. Pela pesquisa, concluiu-se que todos percebem benefícios ao se relacionarem com a rede, alguns mais, outros menos. Porém, devido ao pouco tempo de existência da Hipereletro, todos acreditam no

  9. Estudio de tolerancia local de la vacuna vax-TyVi® en ratas Sprague Dawley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eligio Sosa Roble

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available La vacuna antitifoídica vax-TyVi® consiste en una preparación de polisacárido capsular Vi de Salmonella typhi, el cual es diluido en una solución buffer isotónica solución amortiguador, a la que se le añade fenol como preservo. Cada dosis de 0,5 mL contiene 25 μg de polisacárido como sustancia activa. En nuestro país el esquema de vacunación contra la fiebre tifoidea con vax- TyVi® se aplica a los alumnos de 9-10 años (5to grado, una 2da dosis a la edad de 12-13 años (8vo grado y una 3ra dosis a la edad de 16-17 años (11no grado. Además, es vacunado el personal de riesgo de Salud Pública y el personal que manipula alimentos. En el presente trabajo se describe el ensayo de tolerancia local llevado a cabo con la vacuna vax-TyVi® durante su fase de estudios preclínicos, actualmente utilizada en la vacunación contra la fiebre tifoidea en Cuba. Se empleó un total de 170 ratas que fueron tratadas con la vacuna, su placebo (todos los componentes, excepto la materia prima activa, o que no recibieron tratamiento alguno (controles. Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias durante todo el ensayo, se determinó el consumo de agua y alimentos y se realizaron investigaciones anatomopatológicas a animales sacrificados 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 días después de la inoculación. No se observaron muertes ni síntomas de toxicidad; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pesos vivos, el consumo de agua ni el de alimentos entre los grupos del ensayo. Tampoco se observaron lesiones anatomopatológicas que indicaran toxicidad por parte del producto inoculado. Los resultados permitieron concluir que la potencialidad de la vacuna vax-TyVi® para producir efectos adversos locales es baja.

  10. Chemistry of the M (M=Fe, Ca, Ba-Se-H2O Systems at 25 °C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fumihiko Hasegawa

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available The chemistry of the M (M=Fe, Ca, Ba-Se-H2O systems at 25 °C is reviewed based on our previous papers. In this paper, the phase equilibria in the Fe(III-Se(IV-H2O, Ca-Se(IV,VI-H2O and Ba-Se(IV,VI-H2O systems at 25 °C are discussed. Then, the three-stage process for removal of selenium from industrial waste water [Se(IV,VI < 1,500 mg/L] containing sulfuric acid was introduced. This seems to be a promising process for selenium removal from acidic sulfate waste water containing high concentration levels of selenium to below 0.1 mg/L.

  11. Insights into the subsurface transport of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water from hydraulic fracturing using soil samples from Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, China.

    OpenAIRE

    Chen, SS; Sun, Y; Tsang, DC; Graham, NJ; Ok, YS; Feng, Y; Li, XD

    2017-01-01

    Produced water is a type of wastewater generated from hydraulic fracturing, which may pose a risk to the environment and humans due to its high ionic strength and the presence of elevated concentrations of metals/metalloids that exceed maximum contamination levels. The mobilization of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water and selected soils from Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin in China were investigated using column experiments and synthetic produced water whose quality was represent...

  12. A ATIVIDADE PRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOS ACADÊMICOS DE HOSPITALIDADE: experiência dos colaboradores voluntários na organização do VI Congresso Internacional de Turismo do Extremo Sul (Cites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Carmo Schwab Brandão

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a inserção de atividades práticas na formação profissional daqueles que atuarão na área da hospitalidade através da experiência dos voluntários que participaram da organização do VI CITES (Congresso Internacional de Turismo do Extremo Sul. Tal evento foi promovido pelo Laboratório de Planejamento Turístico que integra os cursos de Turismo, Hotelaria e Eventos, realizado na FURG/SVP. Teve como objetivos específicos: verificar o processo de tomada de decisão na organização do evento pelos voluntários; identificar a percepção da atividade como parte da formação profissional; relacionar o processo educativo e a prática profissional. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se um estudo de caso em que foram feitas entrevistas diretas e aplicação de questionários. Os resultados indicaram a importância das atividades práticas na formação profissional, especialmente quando o trade encontra-se em estágio embrionário.

  13. II-I2-IV-VI4 (II = Sr,Ba; I = Cu,Ag; IV = Ge,Sn; VI = S,Se): Earth-Abundant Chalcogenides for Thin Film Photovoltaics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Tong; Huhn, William P.; Shin, Donghyeop; Mitzi, David B.; Blum, Volker; Saparov, Bayrammurad

    Chalcogenides such as CdTe, CIGSSe, and CZTSSe are successful for thin film photovoltaics (PV) but contain elements that are rare, toxic, or prone to the formation of detrimental antisite disorder. Recently, the BaCu2SnS4-xSex system has been shown to offer a prospective path to circumvent these problems. While early prototypes show efficiencies of a few percent, many avenues remain to optimize the materials, including the underlying chemical composition. In this work, we explore 16 compounds II-I2-IV-VI4 to help identify new candidate materials for PV, with predictions based on both known experimental and computationally derived structures that belong to five different space groups. We employ hybrid density functional theory (HSE06) to explore the band gap tunability by substituting different elements, and other characteristics such as the effective mass and the absorption coefficient. Compounds containing Cu (rather than Ag) are found to have direct or nearly direct band gaps. Depending on the compound, replacing S with Se leads to a decrease of the predicted band gaps by 0.2-0.8 eV and to somewhat decreasing hole effective masses.

  14. Asma induzida pelo exercício: aspectos atuais e recomendações

    OpenAIRE

    Laitano,Orlando; Meyer,Flávia

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos da asma induzida pelo exercício (AIE), bem como os efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico na função pulmonar e nas capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia. Destaca-se a importância de um diagnóstico correto mediante o teste de exercício e, no manejo, o uso de drogas beta-adrenérgicas e anticolinérgicas. FONTE DOS DADOS: Os artigos foram criteriosamente escolhidos utilizando as bases de dados PubMed e Scielo pelo ano de publicação e dando preferência a ensa...

  15. Origin of localized states in zinc-blende ZnCdSe thin films and the influence on carrier relaxation of self-assembled ZnTe/ZnCdSe quantum dots

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Ling; Dai, Yue-Ru; Yang, Chu-Shou; Fan, Wen-Chung; Chou, Wu-Ching

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • The localized emission in zinc-blende ZnCdSe is induced by excess selenium. • An optimized growth is demonstrated as the VI/II ratio approaches unity. • Size-independent lifetimes are observed in ZnTe/ZnCdSe quantum dots. • Localized electrons in the capping layer dominate size-independent lifetimes. - Abstract: This study discovered the origin of deep level emission in zinc-blende ZnCdSe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, in which a localization behavior was noticed. Pronounced deep level emission observed in films grown under a VI/II ratio of 1.74 (Se-accumulated regime) could be suppressed by a lower VI/II ratio of 1.04 (intermediate regime) and 0.74 (metal-rich regime). Hence the localized states could be correlated to excess selenium accumulated at the growth surface. The localized states also influence the carrier relaxation process of self-assembled ZnTe quantum dots embedded in a ZnCdSe matrix. Once quantum dots surmount the wetting layer, localized electrons in the capping layer dominate the type-II transition and exhibit size-independent lifetimes

  16. Paisaje del viñedo: patrimonio y recurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Vicente Elías

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La propuesta de que el paisaje del viñedo sea el complemento a la visita a la bodega, siendo esta el eje del turismo del vino, es el objetivo de este trabajo. Repasando los conceptos variables de patrimonio, llegamos al paisaje del viñedo como recurso, formando parte del patrimonio natural. Pero este no se puede desvincular de los otros aspectos patrimoniales, por lo que la cultura tradicional es el soporte de la tipología de paisaje que queremos proponer y que va contrastar con los nuevos paisajes del viñedo que surgen de las recientes técnicas en los cultivos y de la actual vitivicultura, emparejada con una moderna “cultura del vino”. El análisis de las diversas normativas, que salvaguardan el paisaje y la comprobación del escaso valor legal del paisaje del viñedo, es otro puntal de este trabajo que trata de unir paisaje con cultura tradicional como recursos del Turismo del Vino, integrados en las Rutas del Vino.

  17. Equação de biomassa e estoque de carbono do pinhão manso, no município de Viçosa, MG Biomass equation and carbon stock of jatropha crop, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego de Paula Toledo

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar equações de biomassa e o estoque de carbono da cultura do Pinhão Manso (Jatrophacurcas L.. A área estudada localiza-se no município de Viçosa, MG. O plantio foi realizado em espaçamento 3,5x3,0m, em 4,64ha. Para quantificação da biomassa, foi utilizado o método direto e destrutivo, aplicado às árvores-amostra, que foram selecionadas de acordo com as medidas da altura, do diâmetro das copas e do número de ramos. A determinação da biomassa de cada árvore foi obtida pelo método da proporcionalidade. Os modelos testados foram adaptados de Spurr e de Schumacher & Hall, para biomassa aérea e biomassa total (biomassa aérea mais biomassa de raízes pivotantes. O estoque de carbono foi estimado através da multiplicação da biomassa seca pelo teor de carbono da matéria seca, que foi obtido pelo método da calcinação em mufla. A estimativa do CO2 equivalente estocado foi obtida pela multiplicação do estoque de carbono pelo fator 44/12. A equação que obteve melhor ajuste e que foi utilizada para determinação do estoque de carbono deste estudo foi a de Spurr, com os dados de biomassa total, B=0,7601*(DC2*H0,8949, em que B = biomassa (kg; DC = diâmetro de copa (m; e H = altura (m. O estoque de carbono encontrado da cultura, no quarto ano, foi de 6,79MgC ha-1, correspondendo a 24,89Mg CO2(eq ha-1. Os resultados mostram que o pinhão-manso é ambientalmente viável para elaboração de projetos MDL de florestamento/reflorestamento ou em projetos de carbono para mercados voluntários, agregando renda ao produtor rural e melhorando a atratividade financeira da cultura.This study had the objectives to estimate equations of biomass and carbon stock of Jatropha (Jatrophacurcas L.. The area of this study is located in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, planting carried out in 3.5x3.0m spacing at 4.64ha. To biomass quantification, we used the direct destructive method, applied to trees, which were

  18. Os encantos da Veneza Americana e da propaganda pelo cinema: os filmes financiados pelo governo Sergio Loreto em Pernambuco (1922-1926

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Corrêa de Araújo

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a produção cinematográfica financiada pelo governo Sergio Loreto em Pernambuco (1922-1926. Por meio de textos históricos, pesquisa em periódicos e análise fílmica, pretendemos destacar a relevância do estímulo oficial ao incipiente meio cinematográfico local e analisar como se constroem, nos filmes, as relações entre estratégias de propaganda e procedimentos estéticos e narrativos.

  19. Opção pelo curso de Medicina em Angola: o caso da Universidade Agostinho Neto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Fernanda Afonso Dias Monteiro

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho pretende: (i identificar os motivos que conduzem os jovens a optar pelo curso de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto (FMUAN; (ii identificar como é percebida a profissão médica; (iii determinar se existe influência das características sociodemográficas sobre os fatores identificados como determinantes que os orientam para a pretensão de ser médico. O estudo contou com uma amostra de 1.815 candidatos (96,2%. Os dados recolhidos correspondem a uma amostra obtida por intermédio de inquéritos de opinião. Os candidatos identificaram como principais razões de opção pelo curso de Medicina as seguintes: Altruísmo (mediana = 87,5; Vocação (mediana = 81,3; Influência Familiar (mediana = 75,0; Prestígio Social (mediana = 75,0; Interesse Científico (mediana = 68,7; Pessoas na Família Exercendo a Profissão (mediana = 62,5; Mercado de Trabalho (mediana = 50,0. Não consideraram como razões de opção pelo curso: Benefício Econômico (mediana = 45,0, Sucesso (mediana = 43,8 e os Problemas de Saúde na Família (mediana = 37,5. Podemos concluir que os candidatos ao curso de Medicina se distinguem pela dedicação aos outros e pelo compromisso com as pessoas, constituindo a Vocação e o Altruísmo as principais forças impulsionadoras da opção pelo curso.

  20. MINGAU SEMI-INSTANTÂNEO DE CANJIQUINHA-SOJA (80:20 OBTIDO PELO PROCESSO DE EXTRUSÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SIN-HUEI WANG

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    Com o objetivo de obter um mingau semi-instantâneo para nutrição infantil, foi extrusada uma mistura de canjiquinha e soja (80:20 usando-se extrusor Brabender de dupla rosca com velocidade de alimentação constante de 20,8 kg/h, velocidade da rotação de parafuso de 100 rpm e diâmetro de matriz de 5 mm. Os perfis da temperatura de barril (TB foram: zona 1, 60°C (constante, zona 2, 90°C (constante, zona 3, 90, 110, 130 ou 150°C, e zona 4 (matriz 110, 130 ou 150°C. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da TB na zona 3 causou um aumento na viscosidade inicial (VI, solubilidade de nitrogênio (SN e dispersibilidade de proteína (DP, porém uma diminuição na temperatura de viscosidade máxima (tºVmáx, viscosidade máxima (Vmáx , viscosidade mínima (Vmín e viscosidade final (VF das farinhas extrusadas de canjiquinha-soja (80:20. O aumento da TB na zona 4 resultou num aumento na VI, Vmáx, Vmín, SN e DP, porém numa diminuição na tºVmáx e VF. Os mingaus submetidos anteriormente às TBs em 130-130 e 130-150ºC nas zonas 3 e 4, respectivamente, apresentaram melhor aparência, consistência e sabor, sendo igualmente preferidos pelos consumidores. Não houve atividade do inibidor de tripsina nas farinhas extrusadas estudadas.

  1. vi-Strauss no Brasil: a formação do etnólogo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peixoto Fernanda

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo procura acompanhar o período brasileiro de Claude Lévi-Strauss (1935-1938, rastreando suas publicações, aulas e pesquisas no momento em que era professor de sociologia na Universidade de São Paulo, com o objetivo de compreender o lugar ocupado pelo Brasil na sua trajetória. O interesse é mostrar que apesar de breve, e de modo geral silenciada, a etapa brasileira do autor foi fundamental para os desdobramentos de sua futura carreira como etnólogo e americanista. O texto procura também avaliar o significado da vinda de Lévi-Strauss para o Brasil no contexto francês da época, quando o americanismo era ainda terreno pouco explorado, ao contrário do africanismo, "vocação" em voga no momento.

  2. AS VIOLAÇÕES SOFRIDAS PELO POVO KRENAK E O DANO CAUSADO AO PROJETO DE VIDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo de Medeiros Silva

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo versa sobre as violações cometidas pelo Regime Militar ao povo Krenak e o possível dano ao projeto de vida. Conceituando esta espécie de dano como violação de direitos humanos, irá discorrer sobre a criação da Guarda Rural Indígena (GRIN, a instalação do presídio indígena em suas terras chamado “Reformatório Krenak” e o deslocamento forçado para outro centro de detenção indígena, denominado fazenda Guarani, no município de Carmésia/MG. Procurará se demonstrar que as ações cometidas a este povo, pelo Estado Brasileiro, devem ser reparadas também por atingir o modo e a expectativa de vida que possuíam a época. Para melhor identificar estes danos causados, o trabalho recorrerá à peça inicial da Ação Civil Pública nº 64483-95.2015.4.01.3800, impetrada pelo Ministério Público Federal, que trata das violações sofridas pelos Krenak e o Relatório da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, Volume II. Também se demostrará que a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos já vem entendendo que este tipo de dano deve ser reparado.

  3. Method for making graded I-III-VI.sub.2 semiconductors and solar cell obtained thereby

    Science.gov (United States)

    Devaney, Walter E.

    1987-08-04

    Improved cell photovoltaic conversion efficiencies are obtained by the simultaneous elemental reactive evaporation process of Mickelsen and Chen for making semiconductors by closer control of the evaporation rates and substrate temperature during formation of the near contact, bulk, and near junction regions of a graded I-III-VI.sub.2, thin film, semiconductor, such as CuInSe.sub.2 /(Zn,Cd)S or another I-III-VI.sub.2 /II-VI heterojunction.

  4. Avaliando o impacto atual e futuro de um pólo gerador de tráfego na dimensão de uma rede viária abrangente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helena Beatriz Bettella Cybis

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Tradicionalmente, os estudos de impactos de pólos comerciais geradores de tráfego tendem a se limitar a trechos viários no entorno dos empreendimentos. Esse artigo desenvolve uma metodologia para avaliar o impacto de um complexo}' composto por várias atividades incluindo um shopping center, na dimensão de uma rede viária abrangente e em cenários futuros caracterizados pelo adensamento urbano em termos de uso e ocupação do solo em bairros periféricos ao empreendimento. São também apresentados resultados obtidos com a aplicação da metodologia, particularmente aqueles que geraram subsídios para a reavaliação do plano de desenvolvimento viário da zona sul da cidade de Porto Alegre.

    ABSTRACT

    Studies of traffic impacts generated by new commercial developments tend to focus on road sections located at their very immediate vicinity. This paper proposes a methodology capable of evaluating the impacts of a commercial complex, composed by several activities including a shopping center, in the context of a wider road network. Future scenarios, defined by increasing urban densities of surrounding neighborhoods, are also subject to analysis. The paper also presents results obtained from the application of the methodology, particularly those that generated subsidies to the re-evaluation of the road network in the southern part of Porto Alegre.

     

  5. Monolayer II-VI semiconductors: A first-principles prediction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Hui; Chen, Nian-Ke; Zhang, S. B.; Li, Xian-Bin

    A systematic study of 32 honeycomb monolayer II-VI semiconductors is carried out by first-principles methods. It appears that BeO, MgO, CaO, ZnO, CdO, CaS, SrS, SrSe, BaTe, and HgTe honeycomb monolayers have a good dynamic stability which is revealed by phonon calculations. In addition, from the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of other unstable candidates, we also find two extra monolayers dynamically stable, which are tetragonal BaS and orthorhombic HgS. The honeycomb monolayers exist in form of either a planar perfect honeycomb or a low-buckled 2D layer, all of which possess a band gap and most of them are in the ultraviolet region. Interestingly, the dynamically stable SrSe has a gap near visible light, and displays exotic electronic properties with a flat top of the valence band, and hence has a strong spin polarization upon hole doping. The honeycomb HgTe has been reported to achieve a topological nontrivial phase under appropriate in-plane tensile strain and spin-orbital coupling (SOC). Some II-VI partners with less than 5% lattice mismatch may be used to design novel 2D heterojunction devices. If synthesized, potential applications of these 2D II-VI families could include optoelectronics, spintronics, and strong correlated electronics. Distinguished Student (DS) Program of APS FIP travel funds.

  6. Dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico

    OpenAIRE

    Cordeiro,Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes Leão; Gualberto,Sacha Martins; Brasil,Virginia Visconde; Oliveira,Grazielle Borges de; Silva,Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro

    2014-01-01

    Objetivo Identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico.Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 16 familiares de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Foi utilizada uma questão norteadora, as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo.Resultados Emergiram oito categorias relacionadas às dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais: v...

  7. A escolha da unidade de atuação pelo docente da Escola Pública Estadual do Ensino Médio: Fatores relevantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Vital Giordano

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo pesquisou sobre quais são os fatores que levam o professor a escolher a escola de atuação, e relacionar se esses fatores possuem alguma associação com a formação ou, se a escolha apresenta outros aspectos, além dos pedagógicos. Por meio de entrevistas com os docentes, utilizando-se questionários, a pesquisa mostra o cenário de uma escola da Diretoria Regional de Ensino Sul I, que no ano de 2014 alcançou as metas de Ensino Médio estabelecidas pelo IDESP. Os resultados apresentados no artigo indicam quais os fatores considerados pelos docentes a atuar na escola, em seus variados graus de importância.

  8. Studies on II-VI and III-V semiconductor nanostructures. Introduction of the core/shell/shell structure and development of CdSe nanocrystals in an automatized procedure; Untersuchungen an II-VI und III-V Halbleiternanostrukturen. Einfuehrung der Core/shell/shell-Struktur und Darstellung von CdSe-Nanokristallen in einem automatisierten Verfahren

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mekis, I.

    2005-11-15

    The work in this dissertation is focused on the development and characterization of fluorescent II-VI and III-V-Nanomaterials. Highly luminescent and photostable Nanocrystals with narrow size distributions were prepared. It was shown that nearly monodisperse CdSe-Nanocrystals could be prepared from Cd(Ac){sub 2} and TOPSe in a mixture of TOPO/TOP/HDA/TDPA. Nearly monodisperse CdSe/CdS-Core/shell-Nanocrystals have been prepared in a one-pot-synthesis by injection of H{sub 2}S-Gas into a freshly prepared crude solution of CdSe. The passivation of the CdSe-core with an inorganic shell of CdS resulted in the drastic improvement of the photoluminescence-efficiency of the colloidal solution. Reproducible room-temperature quantum yields reached up to a value of 85%. Photostability investigations have proved the enhanced stability of CdSe/CdS-Nanocrystals compared to CdSe-Nanocrystals under illumination with UV-Light. A novel type of luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal structure has been developed, consisting of a CdSe core and two anorganic shells. Highly fluorescent and nearly monodisperse CdSe/CdS/ZnS- and CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS-Core/shell/shell-nanocrystals have been prepared via organometallic- and acetate-precursors. The Core/she ll/shell particles reached reproducible room-temperature quantum yields up to 85%. Photostability investigations among CdSe-core, CdSe/CdS-Core/shell- and CdSe/CdS/ZnS- Core/shell/-shell-nanocrystals under illumination with UV-light have proved the highest photostability of the Core/shell/shell-particles. The photostabilities of CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS-and CdSe/ZnS-nanocrystals were compared under illumination with intense laser-beam in air. Another part of this work focused on the development of an automated synthesis procedure of CdSe-nanocrystals by constructing and implementing a flow-reactor system. The size and structure of prepared nanocrystals depended considerably on the Cd:Se-precursorratio and the flow-rate. The preparation of CdSe using Cd(Ac)2

  9. A GESTÃO DO TERRITÓRIO PELO CAPITAL SUCROALCOOLEIRO NO NORTE DO PARANÁ

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    Marcos Antonio de Souza

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Toda produção econômica possui uma determinada territorialidade, cuja gestão deste território está orientada no desenvolvimento de estratégias que primem pela rentabilidade da produção, prioritariamente em patamares diferenciais. Partindo-se da premissa de que o território não é uma mera localização, a agroindústria canavieira não se localiza pura e simplesmente em uma base física qualquer. Antes, há uma seletividade espacial marcada pelas disputas territoriais e a partir destas há o exercício do controle sob os elementos necessários para realizar a sua produção, subordinando a terra, a força de trabalho, os recursos naturais ao seu negócio que prima pela reprodução ampliada do capital. Trata-se na verdade de um conjunto de estratégias espaciais, onde o poder econômico ao controlar o território, reserva para si a gestão deste no âmbito do pacto social engendrado pelos grupos hegemônicos, resultando em um território gerido e ordenado pelo capital que aí se territorializou. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca apresentar as principais estratégias espaciais dos agroindustriais do setor canavieiro desenvolvidas nas últimas três décadas no Norte do Paraná.

  10. Immobilization of Se and U by iron sulfides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kang Mingliang; Ma Bin; Yang Zhuanwei; Liu Chunli; Chen Fanrong

    2014-01-01

    Both uranium and selenium are redox-sensitive, and can occur in several oxidation states. In reducing environments, they exist as insoluble forms. Therefore, reductive precipitation is the most effective way to immobilize U and Se. The interaction of aqueous Se (IV) and uranylwithiron sulfidesweresystematically investigated in light of thermodynamic calculations, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results from the speciation study revealed that the reduction product was Se (O) when natural pyrite and pyrrhotitereacted with Se (IV), although FeSe 2 is the thermodynamically predicted product from nearly neural to alkaline conditions. This discrepancy is attributed to the oxidizing ability of Se (IV) towards FeSe 2 , of which produce the insoluble Se (0) as the stable product in short-term experiments. In contrast to the thermodynamic calculations, with a reaction product of mixed U (IV) and U (VI) (e.g., U 3 O 8 ), redox reaction was observed only at pH ∼ 8.5 and ∼ 4.5 for U (VI) reduction by nanosized pyrite and natural pyrite, respectively. We proposed that oxidation of pyrite needs an intermediate (e.g., Fe 2+ ), and the reaction between the uranyl and the intermediate is thermodynamically or kinetically limited. Moreover, trace elements generally held within pyrite structure can also greatly influence its reactivity. This study demonstrated that reaction kinetics play a significant role on the reaction product. From a geological time scale, Se and U are likely to be immobilized by iron sulfides via the form of FeSe 2 and UO 2 . (authors)

  11. Infecção pelo HIV: descritores de mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar os descritores clínico-epidemiológicos da mortalidade em pacientes internados por condições clínicas associadas à infecção pelo HIV. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes adultos hospitalizados em 1990, 1992 e 1994 em hospital universitário. Os resultados foram descritos como números absolutos, percentagens e médias, sendo a significância estatística entre as diferenças avaliada pelos testes do qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher ou t de Student, conforme o caso. Um modelo de regressão logística foi elaborado visando a identificar os principais fatores associados ao risco de evolução para o óbito. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 240 pacientes. Entre 1990 e 1994 a idade média dos pacientes aumentou de 35,0 para 36,9 anos, a razão entre os sexos masculino e feminino caiu de 9,8 para 2,0, a proporção de não brancos cresceu de 18,5 para 41,3 e registrou-se um aumento do tempo médio entre a descoberta da infecção pelo HIV e a hospitalização de 0,7 para 2,5 anos. Observou-se a redução do número médio de dias de hospitalização de 31,3 para 25,3 e aumento da proporção de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial de 47,8 para 83,3%. As infecções respiratórias representaram a principal causa de hospitalização (58% e as infecções oportunistas apresentadas com maior freqüência foram: candidíase oral (27,1%, tuberculose (18,3%, pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii (15,4% e neurotoxoplasmose (10,4%. Na análise multivariada, apenas o tempo de hospitalização menor ou igual a 7 dias (Odds Ratio [OR]=3,88; p=0,02 e a ausência de acompanhamento ambulatorial (OR=3,29; p=0,01 mostraram-se associados a um maior risco de evolução para óbito. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento dos fatores associados a um risco aumentado de morte pode ser útil na tomada de decisão frente a pacientes hospitalizados com infecção pelo HIV.

  12. IMPROPRIEDADE DOS PRINCÍPIOS DA VERDADE MATERIAL E DA VERDADE FORMAL: UMA ANÁLISE FILOSÓFICA SOBRE A VERDADE ALCANÇÁVEL PELO DIREITO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia de Almeida Cardoso

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A doutrina relaciona à atividade probatória os princípios da verdade material e da verdade formal. Entretanto, o presente trabalho tem por escopo demonstrar a impropriedade desta divisão principiológica. Transportando-se para o Direito o conceito de verdade para a Filosofia, em destaque à Escola do Pragmatismo e do Neopragmatismo, bem como, apresentando-se o conjunto de limitações intrínsecas à natureza humana e criadas pelo ordenamento jurídico, busca-se evidenciar a intangibilidade da verdade pelo sistema jusprocessual e individualizar o que, de fato, é retratado pelas sentenças penal e civil.

  13. Manejo de biodiversidad vegetal y el control biológico de insectos-plaga: caso de un viñedo orgánico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicholls Clara I.

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available En el manejo de plagas es factible incrementar poblaciones de enemigos naturales, diversificando el hábitat. En los agroecosistemas es reconocida la importancia de la vegetación marginal para la sobrevivencia de parasitoides y predatores. En cultivos comercialees de viñedos, manejados orgánicamente, se adelantó este trabajo, se establecieron corredores de 65 especies diferentes de plantas con flores. Los cultivos de cobertura se sembraron en hilera por medio cada año. Los viñedos recibieron en promedio 2 toneladas de compost por hectárea. Para el control de enfermedades se empleó preventivamente azufre. Se pretendió precisar si el corredor de 200 metros de largo, podría incrementar el control biológico de insectos plaga en el viñedo. Se evaluó la contribución del corredor como proveedor de recursos alimenticios alternativos, consistentes, abundantes y bien distribuidos de enemigos naturales. Se comprobó la utilidad del corredor para incrementar los niveles poblacionales de insectos benéficos.

  14. Da destinação dos honorários de sucumbência nas causas cíveis patrocinadas pelo Núcleo de Assistência Judiciária da UFV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Júlio Justo Peter

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar quem deve ser o destinatário dos honorários advocatícios de sucumbência nas causas cíveis patrocinadas pelo Núcleo de Assistência Judiciária (NAJ da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV. Por meio dos métodos bibliográfico, dedutivo e indutivo, consistentes no exame da legislação nacional, da jurisprudência, da doutrina e de normas administrativas, analisou-se a natureza jurídica e a destinação dos honorários advocatícios inclusos na condenação, a legalidade do Regulamento nº 5/96 do Conselho Universitário (CONSU da UFV, que destina os honorários inclusos na condenação aos cofres da universidade, e se os professores inscritos na Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB que atuaram nessas causas estariam autorizados a perceber os honorários de sucumbência. A conclusão foi pela ilegalidade desse regulamento por não destinar os honorários de advogado inclusos na condenação nem ao advogado nem à parte vencedora, devendo, portanto, ser essa verba honorária destinada aos professores.

  15. Abordagem pedagógica e diversificação dos cenários de ensino médico: projetos selecionados pelo PROMED

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucia Maria Horta Figueiredo Goulart

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa as principais propostas de abordagem pedagógica e diversificação de cenários do processo de ensino apresentadas pelas escolas selecionadas pelo Programa de Incentivo a Mudanças Curriculares nas Escolas de Medicina (Promed, instituído em 2002 pelos ministérios da Saúde e da Educação. Foi realizada pesquisa documental, utilizando-se roteiro com base no termo de referência do programa para a leitura dos projetos. Verificou-se que todas as escolas selecionadas já se encontravam em processo de mudança curricular por ocasião do edital Promed. Embora buscassem alcançar os objetivos apresentados pelo programa, os projetos selecionados apontaram diferentes caminhos para sua realização. Conhecer essas propostas e a maneira como se articularam entre si e com o objetivo final do Promed é de capital importância para os educadores da área de saúde envolvidos com mudanças curriculares em suas instituições, bem como para os gestores dessa área que vêm apresentando suas demandas em consonância com as necessidades de saúde da população

  16. Synthesis and crystal structure of three new quaternary compounds in the system (Cu-III-Se{sub 2}){sub 1-x}ZnSe{sub x} (III = Al, Ga, In), formed by Zn incorporation in Cu-III-Se{sub 2} chalcopyrite s

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Delgado, G. E. [Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Cristalografia, 5101 Merida (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Grima G, P.; Quintero, M., E-mail: gerzon@ula.ve [Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Fisica, Centro de Estudios de Semiconductores, 5101 Merida (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)

    2016-11-01

    The crystal structure of the chalcogenide alloys CuZnAlSe{sub 3}, CuZnCaSe{sub 3} and CuZnInSe{sub 3}, new members of the system I-II-III-VI{sub 3}, were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction data. All materials crystallize in the tetragonal space group P{sub -4} 2{sub c} (N 112) with a CuFeInSe{sub 3}- type structure. (Author)

  17. Simultaneous speciation and preservation of aqueous As, Sb and Se redox couples

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, D.; Pichler, T.

    2014-12-01

    We developed a new method for the simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic (III, V), antimony (III, V) and selenium (IV, VI) in water samples via double-focusing sector field-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A Hamilton PRX-X100 anion exchange column with EDTA (pH of 4.7) and 3% methanol as mobile phase was used for species separation. The flow rate was set to 1.5 mL min-1 and a solvent gradient (linear ramp from 5 mM to 30 mM) was applied. The overall analysis time for all six desired species was 11 minutes. The detection limits for As(III), As(V), Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(VI) and Se(IV) were 0.02 μg L-1, 0.06 μg L-1, 0.2 μg L-1, 0.02 μg L-1, 0.2 μg L-1 and 0.4 μg L-1 respectively. The retention times for As(III), As(V), Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(IV) and Se(VI) were 1.70, 2.94, 7.14, 2.28, 3.38 and 9.36 min, respectively. Subsequently, the stability of inorganic As(III, V), Sb(III, V) and Se(IV, VI) species in different water samples (groundwater, lake water and river water) was studied over a time scale of 11 weeks. High concentrations of Fe (25.0 mg/L) and Mn (25.0 mg/L) were added to different matrices to simulate Fe and Mn rich environments. All samples were spiked with 5.0 μg/L As(III, V) and Sb(III, V) and 15.0 μg/L Se(IV, VI).. We investigated several strategies for species preservation, i.e., EDTA only, EDTA combined with acidification (HCl, HNO3, formic acid and acetic acid). The preserved samples were stored at 4 °C in the dark. For comparison, another subsample without any preservation was stored at room temperature in the presence of light. The results showed that a combination EDTA acidified to pH of 3 can be used to preserve all species for at least 11 weeks. While EDTA only (pH = 6) failed to preserve As and Sb species, although Se species were preserved.

  18. Dismorfia muscular: A busca pelo corpo hiper musculoso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréa Pires Azevedo

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available A dismorfia muscular tem sido identificada tanto em homens quanto em mulheres, provocando alterações da perceção da autoimagem e prejuízos socioculturais, e na saúde e bem-estar dos indivíduos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar os aspetos socioculturais, psicológicos e o uso de recursos ergogênicos relacionados à dismorfia muscular, bem como, identificar os riscos promovidos pelo transtorno. Participaram 20 indivíduos, inscritos na rede mundial de computadores. Utilizou-se um questionário para coleta de dados e a análise documental para interpretação das respostas. Os resultados demonstram que as preocupações com a imagem corporal geram insegurança social, baixa autoestima e sentimentos de inferioridade, que seriam resolvidos se a pessoa tivesse corpos belos e fortes. A dismorfia muscular pode aumentar o risco de uso dos esteroides anabolizantes e o uso indiscriminado de suplementos alimentares. Conclui-se que a dismorfia muscular causa sofrimentos e prejuízos psicológicos, socioculturais e, desse modo, compromete a saúde das pessoas.

  19. Acesso aos medicamentos para tratamento da doença de Alzheimer fornecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celline Cardoso Almeida-Brasil

    Full Text Available Resumo: Avaliou-se as barreiras de acesso ao tratamento da doença de Alzheimer com base nos processos administrativos de medicamentos inibidores da colinesterase (IChE, enviados à Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 2012 e 2013. Utilizando-se informações de 165 processos selecionados aleatoriamente, abordaram-se as dimensões de acesso: acessibilidade geográfica, acomodação, aceitabilidade, disponibilidade e capacidade aquisitiva. O trâmite administrativo para o fornecimento dos IChE levou em média 39 dias e foi influenciado por características do trajeto percorrido pelo usuário. A maioria dos prescritores cumpriu menos de 80% dos critérios exigidos pelo Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT da doença de Alzheimer. Como resultado, 38% dos processos não foram deferidos. A capacidade aquisitiva para o tratamento privado mensal com IChE foi de cerca de 21 dias de salário mínimo. Conclui-se que a burocracia do trâmite administrativo e a dificuldade de seguimento do PCDT pelos prescritores prejudicam o acesso ao tratamento da doença de Alzheimer e constituem uma grande carga para o orçamento dos pacientes.

  20. RESPONSABILIDADE PELO FATO DO PRODUTO E DO SERVIÇO

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    Michele Romero da Costa*

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem ênfase em apresentar a espécie de responsabilidade adotada pelo Código Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor para os fornecedores de produtos e serviços,  qual seja a responsabilidade objetiva, demonstrando uma inovação trazida por este diploma para responsabilidade civil do Direito pátrio. Bem como a sua fundamentação e noções gerais a fim de que se identifiquem as relações em que deve ser o código aplicado, entendidas essas como relações de consumo.

  1. Quasi-particle electronic band structure and alignment of the V-VI-VII semiconductors SbSI, SbSBr, and SbSeI for solar cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Butler, Keith T. [Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (United Kingdom); McKechnie, Scott; Azarhoosh, Pooya; Schilfgaarde, Mark van [Department of Physics, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS (United Kingdom); Scanlon, David O. [University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ (United Kingdom); Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE (United Kingdom); Walsh, Aron, E-mail: a.walsh@bath.ac.uk [Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (United Kingdom); Global E" 3 Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-03-14

    The ternary V-VI-VII chalcohalides consist of one cation and two anions. Trivalent antimony—with a distinctive 5s{sup 2} electronic configuration—can be combined with a chalcogen (e.g., S or Se) and halide (e.g., Br or I) to produce photoactive ferroelectric semiconductors with similarities to the Pb halide perovskites. We report—from relativistic quasi-particle self-consistent GW theory—that these materials have a multi-valley electronic structure with several electron and hole basins close to the band extrema. We predict ionisation potentials of 5.3–5.8 eV from first-principles for the three materials, and assess electrical contacts that will be suitable for achieving photovoltaic action from these unconventional compounds.

  2. A HERMENÊUTICA AMBIENTAL E A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO PELO DANO MORAL AMBIENTAL OBJETIVO / THE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION AND THE RESPONSABILITY FOR THE MORAL OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Rodrigues Bertoldi

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: O princípio da responsabilidade impõe um imperativo moral, no sentido de que se deve agir de modo que os direitos estabelecidos sejam compatíveis com a permanência de uma autêntica vida humana na Terra. É com a intenção de atar firmemente a efetiva responsabilização pelo dano ambiental ao imperativo moral em seu viés preventivo e repressivo que este trabalho se põe em marcha. Os modos de vida humanos individuais e coletivos das sociedades ocidentais evoluem no sentido de uma progressiva deterioração do meio ambiente. É a relação da subjetividade com sua exterioridade que se encontra comprometida. Se não houver uma rearticulação dos três registros fundamentais da ecologia – subjetivo, social e ambiental –, podemos, infelizmente, pressagiar a escalada de todos os perigos que envolvem a sociedade atual. Em lugar da relação harmônica e sustentável com o meio ambiente, as sociedades de consumo introduziram a ideia da subjetividade que constrói o mundo que a circunda. A relação do sujeito com o mundo no qual se encontra deve ser sua principal preocupação. Para isso, torna-se imprescindível um envolvimento com a efetiva proteção do meio ambiente, caso se queira manter a vida na Terra para as presentes e futuras gerações. A implementação de uma hermenêutica jurídica eminentemente ambiental é o caminho jurídico para a efetiva proteção do chamado bem ambiental, considerando-se as especificidades do bem em comento. Na esteira dessa hermenêutica, o dano moral ambiental objetivo encontra respaldo, e o seu agente pode ser responsabilizado. Palavras-chave: Hermenêutica ambiental. Risco ambiental. Dano moral ambiental objetivo.

  3. A simple and facile synthesis of MPA capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sukanya, D.; Sagayaraj, P.

    2015-06-01

    II-VI semiconductor nanostructures, in particular, CdSe quantum dots have drawn a lot of attention because of their promising potential applications in biological tagging, photovoltaic, display devices etc. due to their excellent optical properties, high emission quantum yield, size dependent emission wavelength and high photostability. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and properties of mercaptopropionic acid capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS nanoparticles through a simple and efficient co-precipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The growth process, characterization and the optical absorption as a function of wavelength for the synthesized MPA capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS nanoparticles have been determined using X-ray diffraction study (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).

  4. A simple and facile synthesis of MPA capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sukanya, D.; Sagayaraj, P.

    2015-01-01

    II-VI semiconductor nanostructures, in particular, CdSe quantum dots have drawn a lot of attention because of their promising potential applications in biological tagging, photovoltaic, display devices etc. due to their excellent optical properties, high emission quantum yield, size dependent emission wavelength and high photostability. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and properties of mercaptopropionic acid capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS nanoparticles through a simple and efficient co-precipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The growth process, characterization and the optical absorption as a function of wavelength for the synthesized MPA capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS nanoparticles have been determined using X-ray diffraction study (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)

  5. An electrochemical study of U(VI) and Cr(VI) in molten borates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brigaudeau, M.; Gregori de Pinochet, I. de

    1977-01-01

    The electrochemical reduction of U(VI) and Cr(VI), in molten Na 2 B 4 O 7 at 800 deg C was studied by means of linear sweep voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. The reduction of U(VI) to U(V) proceeded reversibly at a platinum electrode. The diffusion coefficient for the U(VI) species at 800 deg C was 4.10 -7 cm 2 .s -1 . The activation energy of diffusion was (34,8 +- 0,8) kcal. mole -1 . Electrochemical studies of Cr(VI) at 800 0 C reveal a two-step reduction process at a platinum electrode. Only the voltammogram for the first step charge transfer process was studied. Analysis indicated that Cr(VI) is reversibly reduced to Cr(III) at a platinum electrode. The diffusion coefficient for Cr(VI) at 800 0 C is 1,9.10 -7 cm 2 .s -1 [fr

  6. Chemistry of the Colloidal Group II-VI Nanocrystal Synthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Haitao

    2007-01-01

    In the last two decades, the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology has witnessed tremendous advancement in the synthesis and application of group II-VI colloidal nanocrystals. The synthesis based on high temperature decomposition of organometallic precursors has become one of the most successful methods of making group II-VI colloidal nanocrystals. This method is first demonstrated by Bawendi and coworkers in 1993 to prepare cadmium chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots and later extended by others to prepare other group II-VI quantum dots as well as anisotropic shaped colloidal nanocrystals, such as nanorod and tetrapod. This dissertation focuses on the chemistry of this type of nanocrystal synthesis. The synthesis of group II-VI nanocrystals was studied by characterizing the molecular structures of the precursors and products and following their time evolution in the synthesis. Based on these results, a mechanism was proposed to account for the 2 reaction between the precursors that presumably produces monomer for the growth of nanocrystals. Theoretical study based on density functional theory calculations revealed the detailed free energy landscape of the precursor decomposition and monomer formation pathway. Based on the proposed reaction mechanism, a new synthetic method was designed that uses water as a novel reagent to control the diameter and the aspect ratio of CdSe and CdS nanorods

  7. The use of endomarketing in credit unions: a case study of the UFVCredi and the Unicred-Viçosa O emprego do endomarketing em cooperativas de crédito: estudo de caso da UFV-Credi e da Unicred-Viçosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henrique Lopes Dornelas

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Endomarketing can be considered as a group of activities concerned with the internal aspects of the organization, whose purpose is to value the human being. In order to become competitive, the Credit Unions should adopt Endomarketing strategies that combine motivation, training and communication elements. The purpose of the present work was to verify how the Credit Union of the Workers of the Federal University of Viçosa Ltd. / UFV-CREDI and the Credit Union of the Doctors and Health-related Professionals of Viçosa Ltd. – UNICRED/VIÇOSA – MG are using the tools offered by Endomarketing. In the methodology, a study concerning the Endomarketing and the Credit Unions war carried out. After that, the employees and the members of the Credit Unions were asked to answer a questionnaire. After the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that UFV-CREDI and UNICRED/VIÇOSA-MG have effectively reached their objectives because their Endomarketing strategies have presented positive results, making it possible for them to get new members as well as to keep their members and employees motivated and satisfied with the products and services offered by the Credit Unions.O Endomarketing pode ser conceituado como um conjunto de atividades voltadas para o interior da organização, cuja finalidade é valorizar o ser humano. Para que as cooperativas de crédito sejam competitivas, elas devem adotar estratégias de Endomarketing, que combinem elementos de motivação, treinamento e comunicação. Procurou-se com o presente estudo, verificar como a Cooperativa de Economia e Crédito Mútuo dos Servidores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa – LTDA / UFV-CREDI e a Cooperativa de Economia e Crédito Mútuo dos Médicos e demais Profissionais da Saúde de Viçosa Ltda – UNICRED/VIÇOSA-MG estão utilizando as ferramentas oferecidas pelo Endomarketing. Na metodologia foi realizado um estudo acerca do Endomarketing e das cooperativas de crédito, para

  8. Resistência à corrosão de junta dissimilar soldada pelo processo TIG composta pelos aços inoxidáveis AISI 316L e AISI 444

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Henrique Guilherme

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O aço inoxidável AISI 444 tornou-se uma opção para substituir a liga AISI 316L devido ao seu menor custo e satisfatória resistência à corrosão. Entretanto, o uso da liga AISI 444 no feixe tubular de trocadores de calor acarreta na soldagem de uma junta dissimilar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a resistência à corrosão da junta tubo-espelho soldada pelo processo TIG composta pelas ligas AISI 316L e AISI 444. A manufatura das amostras consistiu em replicar o projeto da junta tubo-espelho de trocadores de calor. Realizou-se em juntas soldadas ensaios de sensitização, perda de massa por imersão desde a temperatura ambiente até 90 ºC, e ensaios eletroquímicos de polarização potenciodinâmica nos eletrólitos 0,5 mol/L de HCl e 0,5 mol/L de H2SO4. Os resultados mostraram que a junta dissimilar sofreu corrosão galvânica com maior degradação na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC do tubo AISI 444. Porém, os mecanismos de corrosão localizada (pite e intergranular demonstraram ser mais ativos para a liga AISI 316L. Conclui-se que a junta dissimilar apresentou melhor resistência à corrosão do que a junta soldada composta unicamente pela liga AISI 316L em temperaturas de até 70 ºC, conforme as condições observadas neste trabalho.

  9. Nicomachean Ethics VI.9: good deliberation and phronesis [Ética a Nicômaco VI.9: boa deliberação e phronesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angelo Antonio Pires de Oliveira

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, I put under scrutiny the arguments put forward by Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics (NE VI.9. The paper has two main parts. In the first, I examine the NE VI.9’s first part where Aristotle develops the concept of good deliberation, offering its definition in 1142b27-28. In the second, I examine the connection between good deliberation and phronesis, and, then, discuss the vexata quæstio about if the lines 1142b31-33 might be read as introducing the claim that phronesis provides moral ends. [Neste artigo, analiso pormenorizadamente os argumentos apresentados por Aristóteles em Ética a Nicômaco (EN VI.9. O artigo é dividido em duas partes principais. Na primeira, abordo a primeira parte de EN VI.9 onde Aristóteles desenvolve a noção de boa deliberação, culminando com a apresentação da sua definição em 1142b27-28. Na segunda, abordo a conexão entre boa deliberação e phronesis e discuto a vexata quaestio de se as linhas 1142b31-33 podem ser lidas como introduzindo a tese de que a phronesis fornece os fins morais

  10. Análise da atividade florestal no município de Viçosa-MG Analysis of forest activity in Viçosa-MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Albino Fontes

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se a atividade florestal no município de Viçosa-MG, a partir de questionário aplicado aos agricultores cujas propriedades rurais possuíam florestas plantadas. Foi amostrado um total de 63 propriedades rurais, abrangendo uma área de 2.096,95 ha. As áreas de floresta nativa e plantada, na amostra, foram de 372,00 e 260,17 ha, o que corresponde, respectivamente, a 17,74 e 12,41% da área amostrada. O tipo de floresta nativa predominante foi a capoeira (67,55%, e a espécie preferida para o reflorestamento foi o eucalipto (92,68%. O uso médio da mão-de-obra nas fases de implantação, manutenção e colheita dos plantios florestais foi estimado em 30,21, 13,64 e 61,25 dias-homem/ha, respectivamente, totalizando 105,10 dias-homem/ha, sendo a participação da mão-de-obra familiar de 25,24%. Os custos inerentes à atividade florestal foram estimados em R$419,30/ha para implantação; R$146,49/ha e R$80,34/ha para manutenção no primeiro e segundo ano, respectivamente; e R$2,11/m³ para colheita da madeira. Os plantios florestais concentram-se nas áreas de encostas, e o número médio de empregos gerados pelo reflorestamento (eucalipto foi 0,042 emprego/ha. Concluiu-se, de modo geral, que o reflorestamento é considerado atividade pouco atrativa, não identificando propriedades tipicamente florestais, sendo recomendada a elaboração de políticas públicas de incentivo ao reflorestamento.Forest activity was studied in Viçosa-MG, through a questionnaire applied to farmers who planted forests. A total of 63 farms were sampled, comprising an area of 2,096.95 ha. The natural and planted forest areas sampled were of 372.00 ha and 260.17 ha, corresponding to 17.74% and 12.41%, respectively. The predominant natural forest was the secondary forest (capoeira (67.55%, and the species chosen for reforestation was eucalypt (92.68%. Average labor use in the phases of implementation, maintenance and harvest of the forest plantations was

  11. Percepção de Tutores quanto a Sua Avaliação pelos Discentes de um Curso Médico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nair Amélia Prates Barreto

    Full Text Available RESUMO Entre as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas proporciona novos papéis aos agentes desse processo. O docente passa de detentor único do conhecimento a facilitador do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Por outro lado, o discente deixa o papel de sujeito passivo neste processo, participando ativamente na construção do conhecimento. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o significado atribuído pelo tutor às avaliações realizadas pelos discentes do curso médico da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros sobre o seu desempenho profissional. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, cujos sujeitos foram 11 tutores do Módulo Conteúdo Específico do primeiro e sétimo períodos do segundo semestre de 2009. Utilizou-se entrevista estruturada na coleta de dados, com análise e interpretação dos resultados segundo análise temática. Os tutores são, na maior parte, docentes do sexo feminino com curso de especialização e mestrado; há predomínio do regime de trabalho de 40 horas semanais. Das falas dos entrevistados emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: aspectos que influenciaram a escolha da tutoria: convites e necessidade da instituição; capacitação para tutoria: somente alguns docentes fizeram capacitação, alguns sujeitos tornaram-se tutores observando a ação de outros tutores; conhecimento da avaliação realizada pelos discentes no final de cada módulo: a avaliação feita pelo discente não se realiza de forma compromissada; docentes e gestores não se envolvem nos resultados obtidos; e, por último, as categorias concepção do tutor quanto à avaliação e percepção do tutor sobre a avaliação via intranet: nota-se que todos os sujeitos conhecem e sabem da importância da realização de tal processo, porém alguns docentes não se interessam pelas avaliações discentes. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para melhoria da percepção do docente

  12. Vi, de civiliserede

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nyemann, Dorthe

    2016-01-01

    Vi har i årtier troet på, at mennesker under de rette omstændigheder kan lykkes med at leve i fred og fordragelighed med hinanden. Skal vi til at erkende, at også vores samfundsstrukturer kun er en tynd fernis ovenpå et utæmmeligt voldspotentiale og egoisme?......Vi har i årtier troet på, at mennesker under de rette omstændigheder kan lykkes med at leve i fred og fordragelighed med hinanden. Skal vi til at erkende, at også vores samfundsstrukturer kun er en tynd fernis ovenpå et utæmmeligt voldspotentiale og egoisme?...

  13. Pulsed laser deposition of II-VI and III-V semiconductor materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mele, A.; Di Palma, T.M.; Flamini, C.; Giardini Guidoni, A. [Rome, Univ. `La Sapienza` (Italy). Dep. di Chimica

    1998-12-01

    Pulsed laser irradiation of a solid target involves electronic excitation and heating, followed by expansion from the target of the elliptical gas cloud (plume) which can be eventually condensed on a suitable substrate. Pulsed laser ablation has been found to be a valuable technique to prepare II-VI and III-V thin films of semiconductor materials. Pulsed laser ablation deposition is discussed in the light of the results of an investigation on CdS, CdSe, CdTe and CdSe/CdTe multilayers and AIN, GaN and InN together with Al-Ga-In-N heterostructures. [Italiano] L`irradiazione di un target solido, mediante un fascio laser impulsato, genera una serie di processi che possono essere schematizzati come segue: riscaldamento ed eccitazione elettronica del target, da cui consegue l`espulsione di materiale sotto forma di una nube gassosa di forma ellissoidale (plume), che espande e puo` essere fatta depositare su un opportuno substrato. L`ablazione lasersi e` rivelata una tecnica valida per preparare film sottili di composti di elementi del II-VI e del III-V gruppo della tavola periodica. La deposizione via ablazione laser viene discussa alla luce dei risultati ottenuti nella preparazione di film di CdS, CdSe, CdTe e di film multistrato di CdSe/CdTe, di film di AIN, GaN, InN e di eterostrutture di Al-Ga-In-N.

  14. Removal of selenite by zero-valent iron combined with ultrasound: Se(IV) concentration changes, Se(VI) generation, and reaction mechanism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fu, Fenglian; Lu, Jianwei; Cheng, Zihang; Tang, Bing

    2016-03-01

    In this paper, the performance and application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) assisted by ultrasonic irradiation for the removal of selenite (Se(IV)) in wastewater was evaluated and reaction mechanism of Se(IV) with ZVI in such systems was investigated. A series of batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of ultrasound power, pH, ZVI concentration, N2 and air on Se(IV) removal. ZVI before and after reaction with Se(IV) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that ultrasound can lead to a significant synergy in the removal of Se(IV) by ZVI because ultrasound can promote the generation of OH and accelerate the advanced Fenton process. The primary reaction products of ZVI and Se(IV) were Se(0), ferrihydrite, and Fe2O3. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. O tratamento dos doentes insanos de Vila Viçosa no hospital de Rilhafoles (segunda metade do século XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lobo de Araújo, Maria Marta

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In this work we examined the procedural requirements related to the sending of insane patients of Vila Viçosa to the hospital of Rilhafoles, in the second half of the 19th century, and the relationships established with the hospital of this Alentejo town relating to the payment of treatment. Faced with a severe financial crisis, the hospital of Vila Viçosa systematically refused the responsibility to send the insane patients to the Rilhafoles hospital in an attempt to pass this burden on the administration of the county, being very reluctant to pay the bills that came to him from the hospital of São José. The conflict between the two institutions came to the monarch with no other alternative than the payment, the hospital of village of the Alentejo region proceeded to sending parcels of money, albeit way too late. For the realization of this work we use the books of the Misericórdia and the documents of the Civil Governor found of the city of Évora under the custody of the Distrital Archive of the same city. This documents results, basically, from the correspondence between the Misericórdia of Vila Viçosa, the council administrator and the civil governor of Évora.[pt] Neste trabalho analisamos os trâmites processuais respeitantes ao envio de doentes insanos de Vila Viçosa para o hospital de Rilhafoles, na segunda metade do século XIX, e as relações estabelecidas com o hospital desta vila alentejana relativamente ao pagamento do tratamento. A braços com uma grave crise financeira, o hospital de Vila Viçosa recusava sistematicamente a responsabilidade de enviar os alienados para Rilhafoles, numa tentativa de passar esse ónus para a administração do concelho, mostrando-se muito renitente no pagamento das faturas que lhe chegavam do hospital de São José. O conflito entre as duas instituições chegou ao monarca e sem outra alternativa que a do pagamento, o hospital da vila alentejana procedeu ao envio de parcelas de dinheiro

  16. Espíritos cheios de bichos: A fauna nas viagens de Louis Agassiz e Richard Francis Burton pelo Brasil oitocentista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janaina Zito Losada

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil do século XIX foi alvo de inúmeras viagens realizadas por cientistas estrangeiros. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as impressões sobre a fauna brasileira presentes nos relatos das viagens realizadas pelo naturalista suíço Louis Agassiz, em 1865, e pelo explorador inglês Richard Francis Burton, em 1868. Destes relatos privilegiam-se as descrições do meio natural de diferentes regiões brasileiras e das particularidades da fauna silvestre por eles encontrada.

  17. Electric field gradient studies in SnSe

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pal, G. [IUC, DAE Facilities (India); Sebastian, K.C. [M.S. University, Physics Department (India); Chintalapudi, S.N. [IUC, DAE Facilities (India); Somayajulu, D.R.S. [M.S. University, Physics Department (India)

    1999-09-15

    The EFG in IV-VI compound semiconductor SnSe was studied using two hyperfine interaction techniques, namely, TDPAC and Moessbauer spectroscopy. The EFG in this material increases sharply up to 300 K and thereafter at higher temperatures it gets saturated. However, the conductivity increases steadily at all the temperatures. The conductivity curve has two slopes. The first portion is due to the population of shallow Cd acceptor levels. Thus, in SnSe also the variation of the EFG with temperature is complex, as in other medium-gap semiconductors.

  18. Electric field gradient studies in SnSe

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pal, G.; Sebastian, K.C.; Chintalapudi, S.N.; Somayajulu, D.R.S.

    1999-01-01

    The EFG in IV-VI compound semiconductor SnSe was studied using two hyperfine interaction techniques, namely, TDPAC and Moessbauer spectroscopy. The EFG in this material increases sharply up to 300 K and thereafter at higher temperatures it gets saturated. However, the conductivity increases steadily at all the temperatures. The conductivity curve has two slopes. The first portion is due to the population of shallow Cd acceptor levels. Thus, in SnSe also the variation of the EFG with temperature is complex, as in other medium-gap semiconductors

  19. Determination of total Sb,Se Te, and Bi and evaluation of their inorganic species in garlic by hydride-generation-atomic-fluorescence spectrometry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matos Reyes, M.N.; Cervera, M.L.; Guardia, M. de la [University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Burjassot, Valencia (Spain)

    2009-07-15

    A sensitive and simple analytical method has been developed for determination of Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Te(IV), Te(VI), and Bi(III) in garlic samples by using hydride-generation-atomic-fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The method is based on a single extraction of the inorganic species by sonication at room temperature with 1 mol L{sup -1} H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and washing of the solid phase with 0.1% (w/v) EDTA, followed by measurement of the corresponding hydrides generated under two different experimental conditions directly and after a pre-reduction step. The limit of detection of the method was 0.7 ng g{sup -1} for Sb(III), 1.0 ng g{sup -1} for Sb(V), 1.3 ng g{sup -1} for Se(IV), 1.0 ng g{sup -1} for Se(VI), 1.1 ng g{sup -1} for Te(IV), 0.5 ng g{sup -1} for Te(VI), and 0.9 ng g{sup -1} for Bi(III), in all cases expressed in terms of sample dry weight. (orig.)

  20. Intersubjetividade ou Solipsismo? Aporias da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Paulo Bachur

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo argumenta que a intersubjetividade pretendida pela teoria do agir comunicativo é solapada pelo solipsismo monológico intrínseco às suas próprias premissas. O fio condutor do artigo é a reflexividade da linguagem (seção I. O problema da intersubjetividade surge na passagem da análise da esfera pública no século XVIII ao paradigma procedimental da democracia deliberativa (seção II. Entre essas extremidades institucionais, Habermas incrusta uma teoria anti-institucional da linguagem, apoiada na “situação ideal de fala” (seção III. A fim de assegurar o engajamento na busca pelo entendimento linguístico, os participantes em um discurso têm de agir de acordo com uma regra de sinceridade (seção IV, o que pressupõe um comprometimento moral prévio e, portanto, monológico, com a busca pelo consenso (seção V. Essas dificuldades comprometem o modelo deliberativo da democracia porque convertem o ideal da simetria discursiva no pressuposto empírico para a deliberação democrática (seção VI.

  1. Plutonium(VI) accumulation and reduction by lichen biomass: correlation with U(VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Aoyagi, Hisao; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Samadfam, Mohammad; Kimura, Yasuhiko; William Purvis, O.

    2004-01-01

    The uptake of plutonium(VI) and uranium(VI) by lichen biomass was studied in the foliose lichen Parmotrema tinctorum to elucidate the migration behavior of Pu and U in the terrestrial environment. Pu and U uptake by P. tinctorum averaged 0.040±0.010 and 0.055±0.015 g g dry -1 , respectively, after 96 h incubation with 4.0x10 -4 mol l -1 Pu solutions of pH 3, 4 and 5. SEM observations showed that the accumulated Pu is evenly distributed on the upper and lower surfaces of P. tinctorum, in contrast to U(VI), which accumulated in both cortical and medullary layers. UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that a fraction of Pu(VI) in the solution is reduced to Pu(V) by the organic substances released from P. tinctorum, and the accumulated Pu on the surface is reduced to Pu(IV), while U(VI) keeps the oxidation state of VI. Since the solubility of Pu(IV) hydroxides is very low, reduced Pu(VI) does not penetrate to the medullary layers, but is probably precipitated as Pu(IV) hydroxides on the cortical lichen surface. It is concluded that the uptake and reduction of Pu(VI) by lichens is important to determine the mobilization and oxidation states of Pu in the terrestrial environment

  2. Vulnerabilidades presentes no percurso vivenciado pelos pacientes com HIV/AIDS em falha terapêutica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petra Kelly Rabelo de Sousa

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Um grande avanço no tratamento da AIDS deu-se com o surgimento da terapia antiretroviral. Entretanto, diversas vulnerabilidades podem estar presentes no percurso vivenciado pelos pacientes durante o tratamento. Objetivou-se analisar as vulnerabilidades dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS em falha terapêutica. Estudo qualitativo realizado com sete usuários com AIDS considerados em falha terapêutica, em uma Unidade de Serviço Ambulatorial Especializado em HIV/AIDS, em Fortaleza-CE. Para interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se uma técnica de análise de conteúdo. Nos discursos, percebeu-se que os depoentes enfrentavam conflitos na família e, no ambiente de trabalho, dificuldades de relacionamento com as pessoas e estigma. Observou-se que os pacientes haviam vivenciado diversas situações que os tornaram mais suscetíveis à infecção por HIV e ao adoecimento.

  3. Avaliação do ventrículo direito pelo ecocardiograma com doppler tecidual na embolia pulmonar aguda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A avaliação da função Ventricular Direita (VD pelo ecocardiograma em pacientes com Tromboembolismo Pulmonar (TEP é complexa, frequentemente qualitativa; o Doppler tecidual tem sido utilizado para avaliação semiquantitativa dessa câmara, com algumas limitações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função do VD no TEP pelo ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual, complementando com o peptídeo atrial natriurético (BNP. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados pacientes com TEP pelo ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual e BNP até 24 horas do diagnóstico, obtendo-se as velocidades miocárdicas (s', strain, strain rate e índice de performance miocárdica do VD; disfunção do VD foi iagnosticada por hipocinesia da câmara, movimento anormal septal e relação VD/VE >1. De acordo com o BNP os pacientes foram divididos em Grupo I, BNP 50 pg/mL. RESULTADOS: De 118 pacientes, 100 (60 homens, idade = 55 ± 17 anos foram analisados; observou-se disfunção do VD em 28%, mais frequentemente no grupo II (19 vs. 9 pacientes, p < 0,001. O grupo II era mais idoso (64 ± 19 vs. 50 ± 15 anos, apresentava menor velocidade de s' (10,5 ± 3,5 vs. 13,2 ± 3,1 cm/s e maior pressão pulmonar (48 ± 11 vs. 35 ± 11 mmHg, p < 0,001 para todos. O ponto de corte de s' para disfunção do VD foi de 10,8 cm/s (especificidade = 85%, sensibilidade = 54%, com moderada correlação entre o BNP e a onda s'(r = -0,39. CONCLUSÃO: No TEP, a disfunção do VD pelo ecocardiograma se acompanha de elevação do BNP; apesar confirmar adequadamente a presença de disfunção do VD, o Doppler tecidual apresenta sensibilidade limitada para este diagnóstico.

  4. Anaerobic bio-removal of uranium (VI) and chromium (VI): Comparison of microbial community structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martins, Monica; Faleiro, Maria Leonor; Chaves, Sandra; Tenreiro, Rogerio; Santos, Erika; Costa, Maria Clara

    2010-01-01

    Several microbial communities, obtained from uranium contaminated and non-contaminated samples, were investigated for their ability to remove uranium (VI) and the cultures capable for this removal were further assessed on their efficiency for chromium (VI) removal. The highest efficiency for removal of both metals was observed on a consortium from a non-contaminated soil collected in Monchique thermal place, which was capable to remove 91% of 22 mg L -1 U(VI) and 99% of 13 mg L -1 Cr(VI). This study revealed that uranium (VI) removing communities have also ability to remove chromium (VI), but when uranium (VI) was replaced by chromium (VI) several differences in the structure of all bacterial communities were observed. TGGE and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the uranium (VI) removing bacterial consortia are mainly composed by members of Rhodocyclaceae family and Clostridium genus. On the other hand, bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family were detected in the community with ability for chromium (VI) removal. The existence of members of Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodocyclaceae families never reported as chromium or uranium removing bacteria, respectively, is also a relevant finding, encouraging the exploitation of microorganisms with new abilities that can be useful for bioremediation.

  5. Anaerobic bio-removal of uranium (VI) and chromium (VI): Comparison of microbial community structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martins, Monica [Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Faleiro, Maria Leonor [IBB - Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Chaves, Sandra; Tenreiro, Rogerio [Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de Biodiversidade, Genomica Integrativa e Funcional (BioFIG), Campus de FCUL, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa (Portugal); Santos, Erika [Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Costa, Maria Clara, E-mail: mcorada@ualg.pt [Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal)

    2010-04-15

    Several microbial communities, obtained from uranium contaminated and non-contaminated samples, were investigated for their ability to remove uranium (VI) and the cultures capable for this removal were further assessed on their efficiency for chromium (VI) removal. The highest efficiency for removal of both metals was observed on a consortium from a non-contaminated soil collected in Monchique thermal place, which was capable to remove 91% of 22 mg L{sup -1} U(VI) and 99% of 13 mg L{sup -1} Cr(VI). This study revealed that uranium (VI) removing communities have also ability to remove chromium (VI), but when uranium (VI) was replaced by chromium (VI) several differences in the structure of all bacterial communities were observed. TGGE and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the uranium (VI) removing bacterial consortia are mainly composed by members of Rhodocyclaceae family and Clostridium genus. On the other hand, bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family were detected in the community with ability for chromium (VI) removal. The existence of members of Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodocyclaceae families never reported as chromium or uranium removing bacteria, respectively, is also a relevant finding, encouraging the exploitation of microorganisms with new abilities that can be useful for bioremediation.

  6. Fatores de risco para infecção pelo HIV em pacientes com o vírus da hepatite C Risk factors for HIV infection among patients infected with hepatitis C virus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anita Campos Mendonça Silva

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Os vírus da imunodeficiência humana e o vírus da hepatite C apresentam fatores de transmissão em comum. Atualmente, há alta freqüência da co-infecção, principalmente em indivíduos usuários de drogas injetáveis e com história de transfusões. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco para infecção pelo HIV em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico do tipo caso-controle, realizado com 118 pacientes (casos infectados pelos vírus HIV e vírus da hepatite C e 233 pacientes (controles infectados somente pelo vírus da hepatite C. Entre janeiro de 1999 a novembro de 2001, os pacientes foram submetidos a questionário sobre características sociodemográficas, profissionais, e principais fatores de risco para infecção pelos vírus. Após descritas e comparadas, as variáveis foram submetidas à análise univariada, e em seguida à análise de regressão logística para variáveis selecionadas pelo teste da razão da máxima verossimilhança. RESULTADOS: A co-infecção está associada ao sexo feminino (OR=2,89; IC 95%: 1,16-7,08, aos estados civis separado/viúvo (OR=3,91; IC 95%: 1,34-11,35, ao uso pregresso ou atual de drogas ilícitas (OR=3,96; IC 95%: 1,55-0,13 e ao hábito de compartilhar canudos ou seringas (OR=10,28; IC 95%: 4,00-6,42. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C, o sexo feminino é fator de risco para a infecção pelo HIV quando ajustado à variável compartilhar canudos ou seringas. Os estados civis separado/viúvo, uso de drogas ilícitas e hábito de compartilhar canudos ou seringas são, também, fatores associados ao risco para esta co-infecção.OBJECTIVE: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus share the same routes of transmission. Currently, there is a high frequency of co-infection worldwide, especially among users of injectable drugs and in subjects with history of blood transfusions. The aim of

  7. Perfis de consumo alcoolico entre pacientes da atencao primaria a saude e seu reconhecimento pelos profissionais de saude

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Lemos de Castro Taufick

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Neste estudo transversal verificaram-se os perfis de consumo alcoólico entre pacientes das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF em uma cidade do sudeste brasileiro, e o reconhecimento deste consumo pelos profissionais das ESF. Avaliaram-se 932 pacientes adultos entre novembro de 2010 e novembro de 2011. Entre todos, 17,5% faziam consumo de risco (AUDIT ≥ 8, que foi mais frequente em homens, entre as pessoas mais jovens e aqueles sem doenças crônicas. O questionário CAGE foi positivo em 98 (10,5% pacientes, sendo mais frequente em homens. Homens, pessoas com idades ≥ 55 anos, com doenças crônicas ou com consumo alcoólico mais grave foram mais frequentemente questionadas sobre o uso do álcool (438/932; 47,8%. Homens, pessoas de 35 a 54 anos ou com consumo alcoólico mais grave foram mais frequentemente reconhecidos como alcoolistas (22/175; 12,6%. Conclui-se que o consumo do álcool é frequente entre os pacientes atendidos pelas ESF, é pouco reconhecido pelos profissionais e a minoria dos alcoolistas é orientada quanto aos seus riscos.

  8. Estudio de materiales adsorbentes de bajo costo para remover Cr(VI de efluentes acuosos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Vargas-Niño

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio muestra el enorme potencial de dos tipos de sólidos diferentes, una alúmina comercial y un material producto del compostaje, en la adsorción/eliminación de Cr(VI en medio acuoso, en concentraciones de metal equivalentes a las halladas en aguas residuales provenientes de industrias en Colombia. Ambos materiales mostraron propiedades importantes para la eliminación de Cr(VI, considerándose de mayor relevancia el compost por ser un material de bajo costo. Se establecieron las condiciones óptimas para la adsorción de cromo sobre alúmina y sobre compost. Para la alúmina: concentración inicial de Cr(VI = 10 mgL-1, volumen de solución por masa de adsorbente = 100 mL/g, pH = 2,0, tiempo de equilibrio = 1 hora, y agitación = 150 rpm. Para el compost: concentración inicial de Cr(VI = 3 mg L-1, volumen de solución por masa de adsorbente = 50 mL/g, pH = 2.5, tiempo de equilibrio = 3 horas, y agitación = 150 rpm. Además, los resultados mostraron que las propiedades de adsorción del compost se pueden mejorar mediante la adición de pequeñas cantidades de alúmina. El estudio permitió seleccionar al compost como un material promisorio para procedimientos de remediación de aguas residuales que contienen cromo (VI dentro de una política de manejo y uso de residuos sólidos con el objeto de minimizar el impacto ambiental de éstos.

  9. Valores de referência para macronutrientes em eucalipto obtidos pelos métodos DRIS e chance matemática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. G. S. Wadt

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Informações de 1.213 árvores de plantios comerciais foram obtidas, entre os anos de 1988 a 1994, de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, da Aracruz Celulose S.A., cultivados no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Os resultados da produtividade e concentração dos macronutrientes em quatro órgãos das árvores foram utilizados na obtenção dos valores de referência para a concentração dos nutrientes, pelos métodos da Chance Matemática e do DRIS. Empregou-se, no cálculo dos índices DRIS, a fórmula de Jones (1981, a divisão da população-base em estratos de idade e a seleção das relações entre os nutrientes pelo teste F. O nível crítico dos nutrientes foi atingido pelo DRIS por meio de dois critérios: pela concentração média dos nutrientes nos talhões nutricionalmente balanceados e produtivos (NCO e pelo critério gráfico (NCG. O primeiro critério mostrou-se mais promissor, inclusive em relação ao método da Chance Matemática, o qual foi adequado principalmente para a determinação de faixa ótima que poderia ser adotada como referência para o limite inferior e o superior de árvores com níveis adequados dos nutrientes.

  10. Adsorption-desorption reactions of selenium (VI) in tropical cultivated and uncultivated soils under Cerrado biome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lessa, J H L; Araujo, A M; Silva, G N T; Guilherme, L R G; Lopes, G

    2016-12-01

    Soil management may affect selenium (Se) adsorption capacity. This study investigated adsorption and desorption of Se (VI) in selected Brazilian soils from the Cerrado biome, an area of ever increasing importance for agriculture expansion in Brazil. Soil samples were collected from cultivated and uncultivated soils, comprising clayed and sandy soils. Following chemical and mineralogical characterization, soil samples were subjected to Se adsorption and desorption tests. Adsorption was evaluated after a 72-h reaction with increasing concentrations of Se (0-2000 μg L -1 ) added as Na 2 SeO 4 in a NaCl electrolyte solution (pH 5.5; ionic strength 15 mmol L -1 ). Desorption, as well as distribution coefficients (K d ) for selenate were also assessed. Soil management affected Se adsorption capacity, i.e., Se adsorbed amounts were higher for uncultivated soils, when compared to cultivated ones. Such results were also supported by data of K d and maximum adsorption capacity of Se. This fact was attributed mainly to the presence of greater amounts of competing anions, especially phosphate, in cultivated soils, due to fertilizer application. Phosphate may compete with selenate for adsorption sites, decreasing Se retention. For the same group of soils (cultivated and uncultivated), Se adsorption was greater in the clayed soils compared to sandy ones. Our results support the idea that adding Se (VI) to the soil is a good strategy to increase Se levels in food crops (agronomic biofortification), especially when crops are grown in soils that have been cultivated over the time due to their low Se adsorption capacity (high Se availability). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. II-VI semiconductor compounds

    CERN Document Server

    1993-01-01

    For condensed matter physicists and electronic engineers, this volume deals with aspects of II-VI semiconductor compounds. Areas covered include devices and applications of II-VI compounds; Co-based II-IV semi-magnetic semiconductors; and electronic structure of strained II-VI superlattices.

  12. Synthesis and Characteristics of HgCdSe for IR Detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-03-11

    HgCdSe layers. Positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements were carried out. These suggest the presence of p-type mercury vacancies in Hg1-xCdxSe...Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Oxide Removal Using Atomic Hydrogen for Large-Area II–VI Material Growth, Journal of Electronic Materials... Applications ,” K. Doyle, G. Brill, Y. Chen, T. H. Myers, S. Trivedi. 2012 SPIE Conference, San Diego CA (August 2012) “Determination of critical

  13. História, religião e literatura. caminhos que se cruzam no feminino

    OpenAIRE

    Avelino, Carla

    2016-01-01

    Soror Antónia Baptista, religiosa professa no Convento da Esperança de Vila Viçosa, redigiu o Livro da Fundação do santo Convento de nossa Senhora da esperança de Villa viçoza e de algũas plantas que em elle se criarão pera o ceo dignas de memoria, concluído em 1657. Trata-se de um exemplar único, autógrafo, que permaneceu manuscrito até hoje. A faceta de cronista da autora coabita com a de poetisa, almejando uma intencionalidade didática, de doutrinação, ao propor modelos de santidade...

  14. A first-principles study of II-VI (II = Zn; VI = O{,} S{,} Se{,} Te) semiconductor nanostructures

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Azpiroz, Jon M.; Infante, Ivan; Lopez, Xabier; Ugalde, Jesus M.; De Angelis, Filippo

    2012-01-01

    We present a systematic investigation of the structural{,} electronic and optical properties of wurtzite-like ZnX (X = O{,} S{,} Se{,} Te) nanostructures at the DFT/TDDFT level of theory. To provide a direct comparison with the experiment{,} realistic 1.0-1.5 nm quantum dots have been built up from

  15. SPORT AND VIOLENCE IN JIU-JITSU: ON PITBOYS

    OpenAIRE

    ANTONIO CLAUDIO ENGELKE MENEZES TEIXEIRA

    2007-01-01

    A pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre a prática do jiu-jitsu, tal como desenvolvido pela família Gracie, e a violência praticada pelo que a mídia convencionou chamar de pitboys, jovens cariocas de classe média e alta que amiúde envolvem-se em brigas e atos de vandalismo. Evitando abordar o tema pelo viés da ausência, comumente utilizado para explicar o comportamento de pitboys - a falta de instrutores de jiu-jitsu qualificados, de pais zelosos, de limites de edu...

  16. Surface Passivation of CdSe Quantum Dots in All Inorganic Amorphous Solid by Forming Cd1-xZnxSe Shell.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, Mengling; Liu, Chao; Zhao, Zhiyong; Wang, Jing; Lin, Changgui; Xu, Yinsheng; Heo, Jong; Dai, Shixun; Han, Jianjun; Zhao, Xiujian

    2017-02-07

    CdSe quantum dots (QDs) doped glasses have been widely investigated for optical filters, LED color converter and other optical emitters. Unlike CdSe QDs in solution, it is difficult to passivate the surface defects of CdSe QDs in glass matrix, which strongly suppress its intrinsic emission. In this study, surface passivation of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) by Cd 1-x Zn x Se shell in silicate glass was reported. An increase in the Se/Cd ratio can lead to the partial passivation of the surface states and appearance of the intrinsic emission of CdSe QDs. Optimizing the heat-treatment condition promotes the incorporation of Zn into CdSe QDs and results in the quenching of the defect emission. Formation of CdSe/Cd 1-x Zn x Se core/graded shell QDs is evidenced by the experimental results of TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Realization of the surface passivation and intrinsic emission of II-VI QDs may facilitate the wide applications of QDs doped all inorganic amorphous materials.

  17. U(VI) sorption on kaolinite. Effects of pH, U(VI) concentration and oxyanions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liang Gao; Ziqian Yang; Keliang Shi; Xuefeng Wang; Zhijun Guo; Wangsuo Wu

    2010-01-01

    U(VI) sorption on kaolinite was studied as functions of contact time, pH, U(VI) concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V) by using a batch experimental method. The effects of sulfate and phosphate on U(VI) sorption were also investigated. It was found that the sorption kinetics of U(VI) can be described by a pseudo-second-order model. Potentiometric titrations at variable ionic strengths indicated that the titration curves of kaolinite were not sensitive to ionic strength, and that the pH of the zero net proton charge (pH PZNPC ) was at 6.9. The sorption of U(VI) on kaolinite increased with pH up to 6.5 and reached a plateau at pH >6.5. The presence of phosphate strongly increased U(VI) sorption especially at pH <5.5, which may be due to formation of ternary surface complexes involving phosphate. In contrast, the presence of sulfate did not cause any apparent effect on U(VI) sorption. A double layer model was used to interpret both results of potentiometric titrations and U(VI) sorption on kaolinite. (author)

  18. Syntheses, structures, and properties of Ag4(Mo2O5)(SeO4)2(SeO3) and Ag2(MoO3)3SeO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ling Jie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.

    2007-01-01

    Ag 4 (Mo 2 O 5 )(SeO 4 ) 2 (SeO 3 ) has been synthesized by reacting AgNO 3 , MoO 3 , and selenic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of this compound consists of cis-MoO 2 2+ molybdenyl units that are bridged to neighboring molybdenyl moieties by selenate anions and by a bridging oxo anion. These dimeric units are joined by selenite anions to yield zigzag one-dimensional chains that extended down the c-axis. Individual chains are polar with the C 2 distortion of the Mo(VI) octahedra aligning on one side of each chain. However, the overall structure is centrosymmetric because neighboring chains have opposite alignment of the C 2 distortion. Upon heating Ag 4 (Mo 2 O 5 )(SeO 4 ) 2 (SeO 3 ) looses SeO 2 in two distinct steps to yield Ag 2 MoO 4 . Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 A): orthorhombic, space group Pbcm, a=5.6557(3), b=15.8904(7), c=15.7938(7) A, V=1419.41(12), Z=4, R(F)=2.72% for 121 parameters with 1829 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag 2 (MoO 3 ) 3 SeO 3 was synthesized by reacting AgNO 3 with MoO 3 , SeO 2 , and HF under hydrothermal conditions. The structure of Ag 2 (MoO 3 ) 3 SeO 3 consists of three crystallographically unique Mo(VI) centers that are in 2+2+2 coordination environments with two long, two intermediate, and two short bonds. These MoO 6 units are connected to form a molybdenyl ribbon that extends along the c-axis. These ribbons are further connected together through tridentate selenite anions to form two-dimensional layers in the [bc] plane. Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 A): monoclinic, space group P2 1 /n, a=7.7034(5), b=11.1485(8), c=12.7500(9) A, β=105.018(1) V=1002.7(2), Z=4, R(F)=3.45% for 164 parameters with 2454 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag 2 (MoO 3 ) 3 SeO 3 decomposes to Ag 2 Mo 3 O 10 on heating above 550 deg. C. - Graphical abstract: A view of the one-dimensional [(Mo 2 O 5 )(SeO 4 ) 2 (SeO 3 )] 4- chains that extend down the c-axis in the structure of Ag 4 (Mo 2 O 5 )(SeO 4

  19. Nota Fiscal Paulista: principais características percebidas pelos cidadãos paulistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Roberto da Silva

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Estima-se que 60% dos valores de tributos são sonegados pelo varejo (ROLLI e FERNANDES, 2008. Como resposta o governo Paulista criou o projeto NFP-Nota Fiscal Paulista. Nesse projeto a identificação do contribuinte através do CPF gera créditos (benefícios financeiros ao comprador/contribuinte e assegura o pagamento dos tributos por parte do fornecedor/ comerciante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as  principais características percebidas pelos cidadãos paulistas com relação ao projeto.  A pesquisa envolveu 132 pessoas em um formulário com 25 assertivas no estilo Likert.  Os resultados indicam que os contribuintes aceitam e participam do projeto. No entanto desconhecem outras características do projeto, por exemplo, doação de créditos a instituições filantrópicas. A maior forma de ressarcimento dos créditos é o depósito em conta corrente. Parte dos contribuintes acredita que as informações referentes aos valores de credito não são repassados a Receita Federal. Dessa forma busca-se contribuir com um estudo sob a ótica dos contribuintes em relação a esse projeto.Nota Fiscal Paulista, análise fatorial, sonegação de tributos

  20. KENO-VI Primer: A Primer for Criticality Calculations with SCALE/KENO-VI Using GeeWiz

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bowman, Stephen M.

    2008-01-01

    The SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) computer software system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is widely used and accepted around the world for criticality safety analyses. The well-known KENO-VI three-dimensional Monte Carlo criticality computer code is one of the primary criticality safety analysis tools in SCALE. The KENO-VI primer is designed to help a new user understand and use the SCALE/KENO-VI Monte Carlo code for nuclear criticality safety analyses. It assumes that the user has a college education in a technical field. There is no assumption of familiarity with Monte Carlo codes in general or with SCALE/KENO-VI in particular. The primer is designed to teach by example, with each example illustrating two or three features of SCALE/KENO-VI that are useful in criticality analyses. The primer is based on SCALE 6, which includes the Graphically Enhanced Editing Wizard (GeeWiz) Windows user interface. Each example uses GeeWiz to provide the framework for preparing input data and viewing output results. Starting with a Quickstart section, the primer gives an overview of the basic requirements for SCALE/KENO-VI input and allows the user to quickly run a simple criticality problem with SCALE/KENO-VI. The sections that follow Quickstart include a list of basic objectives at the beginning that identifies the goal of the section and the individual SCALE/KENO-VI features that are covered in detail in the sample problems in that section. Upon completion of the primer, a new user should be comfortable using GeeWiz to set up criticality problems in SCALE/KENO-VI. The primer provides a starting point for the criticality safety analyst who uses SCALE/KENO-VI. Complete descriptions are provided in the SCALE/KENO-VI manual. Although the primer is self-contained, it is intended as a companion volume to the SCALE/KENO-VI documentation. (The SCALE manual is provided on the SCALE installation DVD.) The primer provides specific examples of

  1. Formação profissional de jovens: a que se destina?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuella Castelo Branco Pessoa

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa a formação profissional oferecida por uma instituição filantrópica a partir da perspectiva de jovens aprendizes. Participaram 20 jovens aprendizes, 14 do sexo feminino e seis do sexo masculino, com idades entre 15 e 22 anos, com pelo menos seis meses de experiência no Programa. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, com realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo temática. A partir daí identificou-se que a experiência de aprendizagem foi percebida pelos jovens como situação privilegiada para sua formação e inserção profissional. Entretanto, os autores entendem que esta formação é limitada, por se concentrar em questões comportamentais, ensinando a reproduzir e seguir as normas das empresas.

  2. Cranial mononeuropathy VI

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Abducens palsy; Lateral rectus palsy; VIth nerve palsy; Cranial nerve VI palsy; Sixth nerve palsy; Neuropathy - sixth nerve ... Cranial mononeuropathy VI is damage to the sixth cranial nerve. This nerve is also called the abducens nerve. ...

  3. ANALISIS DE LOS MECANISMOS INVOLUCRADOS EN LA LOCALIZACION ASIMETRICA DE TPRP1 Y ATPRP3 EN EL PELO RADICULAR DE ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA

    OpenAIRE

    RODRIGUEZ FURLAN, CECILIA

    2012-01-01

    Las proteínas ricas en prolinas (PRPs) son proteínas estructurales involucradas en el ensamblaje de la pared celular. En Arabidopsis dos miembros de esta familia de genes, ATPRP1 y ATPRP3, se expresan específicamente en células de pelo radicular. Los pelos radiculares elongan mediante crecimiento por el ápice a partir de células epidermales especializadas denominadas tricoblastos. El crecimiento por el ápice involucra la secreción polarizada de los materiales necesarios para formar la memb...

  4. Riscos percebidos pelo consumidor e estratégias para minimizá-los no consumo de saladas de horataliças cruas em restaurantes à la carte

    OpenAIRE

    Mariana Schievano Danelon

    2012-01-01

    Resumo: O padrão alimentar da população brasileira tem sido caracterizado, entre outros aspectos, pelo reduzido consumo de hortaliças e pelo crescimento do número de refeições realizadas fora do domicílio. A utilização dos serviços de alimentação pode representar oportunidade para a inclusão de variedade de hortaliças na dieta. Tem sido pouco estudado, no Brasil, o comportamento do consumidor quando se alimenta fora de casa. Este pode ser influenciado pelos riscos percebidos em uma situação d...

  5. Levomepromazina e acepromazina no bloqueio da arritmia induzida pela adrenalina em cães anestesiados pelo halotano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rezende Márlis Langenegger de

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Com este experimento, objetivou-se comparar os efeitos antiarritmogênicos da levomepromazina e da acepromazina em cães anestesiados pelo halotano e submetidos a doses crescentes de adrenalina. Foram empregados 19 animais adultos, sadios, separados em dois grupos, sendo um de 10 (G1 e outro de 09 (G2. O G1 recebeu, por via intravenosa, levomepromazina, na dose de 1mg/kg, seguida 15 minutos após, pela aplicação de propofol, pela mesma via, na dose de 5 ± 1,3mg/kg. Procedeu-se à intubação orotraqueal e iniciou-se a administração de halotano, diluído em oxigênio, na concentração de 3 CAM (2,5 V%, em circuito anestésico semi-fechado. Decorridos 50 minutos da indução anestésica, iniciou-se a administração contínua, intravenosa, de solução de adrenalina a 4% em doses crescentes de 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8mig/kg/min, com incremento da dose a intervalos de 10 minutos. Para o G2, empregou-se a mesma metodologia, substituindo-se a levomepromazina pela acepromazina, na dose de 0,1mg/kg. A eletrocardiografia e as pressões arteriais (sistólica, diastólica e média dos animais permaneceram sob monitoramento contínuo, com início imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos e término ao final do período experimental. As colheitas dos valores numéricos tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos (M1, seguidas de novas mensurações realizadas nos momentos correspondentes às doses crescentes de adrenalina (4, 5, 6, 7, 8mig/kg/minuto; M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, respectivamente. Os valores obtidos na eletrocardiografia referem o número total de batimentos ventriculares ectópicos correspondentes às doses crescentes de adrenalina. Apenas um animal de cada grupo apresentou arritmia ventricular sustentada, sendo que o animal pré-tratado com acepromazina foi à óbito. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a levomepromazina e a acepromazina minimizam a arritmia ventricular induzida pela adrenalina, nas doses empregadas

  6. Oxidative degradation of triazine- and sulfonylurea-based herbicides using Fe(VI): The case study of atrazine and iodosulfuron with kinetics and degradation products

    Science.gov (United States)

    The occurrence of common herbicides (Atrazine, ATZ and Iodosufuron, IDS), in waters presents potential risk to human and ecological health. The oxidative degradation of ATZ and IDS by ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)) is studied at different pH levels where kinetically observed se...

  7. Use of INAA to study the determination of Se, Th, Zn, Co and Fe levels of yeast cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Czauderna, M.; Turska, M.; Sitowska, B.

    1996-01-01

    Differences in the effects of seleno-cystine (CySe) 2 , glutathione (GSH), Se(IV) [as SeO 2 ] and Se(VI) [as (NH 4 ) 2 SeO 4 ] on Th(IV) [as Th(CO 3 ) 2 ] uptake by the cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been studied. The Th, Se, Zn, Co and Fe levels of the yeast cells were measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results obtained show that the addition of Th alone to the culture medium resulting in the Th content of the cells and the Th level of the yeast slightly decreased during the incubation. The addition of Th in combination with GSH produced a higher decrease of the Th content in comparison with the single Th dosage. During the initial 48 h of the incubation the presence of Th and Se(VI) in the medium produced a decrease of the Th level of the cells in comparison with the addition of Th alone. (CySe) 2 or SeO 2 does not produce a regular change of the Th level of the cells. Th uptake by the yeast influenced the retention of Se in the cells. In fact, the Se levels of the cells were always significantly higher when the yeast was incubated in the medium containing Th and SeO 2 or Se(VI). The enhance in the Se level of the cells rises increasing concentrations of SeO 2 in the culture medium. Th decreased the Se content of the yeast when the cells were incubated in the medium containing (CySe) 2 and Th. GSH supply in combination with Th and SeO 2 produced a very significant enhancement of the Se abundance in the cells in comparison with the single addition of SeO 2 . Se-compounds and/or Th dosages affected the Zn, Co and Fe contents of the cells. The Fe level of the yeast is below the quantitative detection limit of Fe when the cells were incubated in the medium containing Th. (Author)

  8. ALTERAÇÕES CITOLÓGICAS ASSOCIADAS A INFECÇÃO PELO PAPILOMAVIRUS HUMANO EM MULHERES ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilly de Oliveira Silva

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV é atualmente a principal causa de virose sexualmente transmissível, sendo sua principal consequência o câncer de colo de útero. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações citológicas em mulheres atendidas em um hospital. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa, de caráter documental, composta por 198 mulheres que apresentaram lesão devido à infecção pelo HPV e atendidas no Hospital Alpheu de Quadros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de registros arquivados no computador do hospital. Das mulheres infectadas pelo HPV, 66,7% tinham entre 20 e 39 anos e das que relataram sua iniciação sexual 61,6% tinham entre 16 e 20 anos. A maioria dessas mulheres foi diagnosticada com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL seja na citologia ou na biópsia. O resultado pós Cirurgia de Alta Frequência apresentou-se positivo, pois houve diminuição de HSIL das mulheres. Ações de saúde pública podem prevenir a incidência e mortalidade pelo câncer de colo de útero quase que totalmente, desde que o planejamento destas ações esteja em concordância com o conhecimento científico atual.

  9. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) in groundwaters; Reduction enzymatique de U(VI) dans des eaux souterraines

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Addelouas, A.; Gong, W. [Center for Radioactive Waste Management, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University, Albuquerque (United States); Lutze, W.; Nuttall, E. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering; Fritz, B.; Crovisier, J.L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67 - Strasbourg (France). Centre de Sedimentologie et Geochimie de la Surface

    1999-03-01

    The use of enzymatic reduction of U(VI) in remediation of groundwater contaminated with U(VI) is receiving considerable attention. Certain strains of bacteria can combine the oxidation of an organic compound to the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), which precipitates as uraninite. In the present study, we tested the reduction of U(VI) in groundwaters with various origins and compositions. In all groundwaters u(VI) was reduced by sulfate reducing bacteria that had been activated by ethanol and tri-metaphosphate. The reduction rate of U(VI) depends on sulfate concentration in water and the abundance of bacteria in the system. This work shows that bacteria capable of U(VI) reduction are ubiquitous in nature, and suggests the possibility of a large application of the enzymatic reduction of U(VI) for in situ clean up of groundwaters contaminated with uranium. (authors) 12 refs.

  10. O Goodwill gerado pelo Passivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliseu Martins

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo está relacionado à figura do Goodwill originado do Passivo de uma empresa, ou seja, não é a do Goodwill normalmente constituído pelos Ativos Intangíveis capazes de produzir uma rentabilidade anormal e que fazem com que o valor da entidade como um todo, em funcionamento, seja maior do que a soma algébrica dos valores justos de seus elementos patrimoniais. Trata-se de uma visão que se pode entender como novidade para muitos, ou seja, a do Goodwill originado do Passivo e, não, dos Ativos de uma empresa. Existem empresas que sequer conseguem remunerar o risco que seus Ativos carregam, mas podem apresentar Goodwill devido à forma com que suas atividades são financiadas. Método: Como ensaio, são apresentados conceitos básicos e de formulação, normalmente utilizados em avaliações de empresas. Na sequência, são apresentadas simulações que demonstram, de forma objetiva, o verdadeiro sentido técnico da formulação. Resultados: Sabendo-se que determinadas agências estatais de desenvolvimento e o próprio BNDES acabam financiando determinadas atividades com taxas de juros generosas, este estudo apresenta ainda um caso real de existência de Goodwill originado do Passivo de uma empresa brasileira. Contribuições: Este trabalho tem como uma de suas principais contribuições a exposição de um tema que é praticamente desconhecido no mundo acadêmico, totalmente desconsiderado pelas normas e legislações contábeis, mas presente no mundo dos analistas e investidores mais bem preparados, e o faz pela não disseminação desse conceito, com apresentação e redação acessíveis a todos os níveis de leitores.

  11. Prevalência e fatores associados à infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre agentes comunitários de saúde no Brasil, usando-se a prova tuberculínica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wesley Pereira Rogerio

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS, usando dois pontos de corte da prova tuberculínica 5mm e 10mm. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados coletados sobre sexo, idade, cicatriz de BCG, prova tuberculínica (PT anterior, tempo que trabalha na profissão de ACS, atuar em unidade básica de saúde (UBS, ter tido contato intradomiciliar com tuberculose (TB, usar álcool, ser fumante e apresentar comorbidades. Para controle de variáveis de confusão e estimativa da medida de efeito (OR, foi empregada a regressão logística. Aplicou-se PT, com leitura após 48-72 horas. As prevalências foram de 57,88% e 37,3%, respectivamente, para 5mm e 10mm. Manteve-se associada à positividade para o ponto de corte de 10mm a condição de trabalhar em UBS com Programa de Controle de Tuberculose (PCT implementado e já ter tido contato intradomiciliar com TB. Já para o ponto de corte de 5mm, trabalhar em UBS com PCT e implementado. São necessárias ações de conscientização nos municípios e fortalecimento das ações de educação permanente sobre a temática.

  12. Validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición para cuantificar polisacárido Vi en la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax-TyVi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esther María Fajardo

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición, reportado por primera vez en la literatura científica para cuantificar un antígeno vacunal: el polisacárido Vi de Salmonella Typhi, para ser empleado en el control de la calidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax- TyViâ. El ensayo consta de seis pasos: 1 Recubrimiento de placa de reacción con poli-L-lisina y posteriormente polisacárido Vi; 2 Bloqueo con leche descremada; 3 Inhibición o neutralización en tubos de suero anti-Vi de conejo, respectivamente, con polisacárido Vi de Curva de Calibración (concentraciones desde 1–32 μg/mL, control positivo y muestras de vacuna (3 diluciones; 4 Neutralización de anticuerpos anti-Vi libres, presentes en las mezclas anteriores, por el Polisacárido de Recubrimiento; 5 Reconocimiento de anticuerpos anti-Vi unidos a la placa (conjugado anti-IgG de conejo-fosfatasa alcalina y 6 Revelado por reacción enzima-sustrato. Los parámetros de validación estudiados y sus resultados fueron: 1 Precisión, expresada como coeficiente de variación a tres niveles de concentración de polisacárido, comprendidos en el rango de su especificación (35, 50 y 70 μg/mL y evaluada en términos de repetibilidad; precisión intraensayos (cuatro analistas y reproducibilidad (seis analistas: £ 20%; 2 Linealidad (100*R2: 99,68 %; 3 Límite de detección: 0,5 μg/mL; 4 Exactitud (recuperación para las tres diluciones de la muestra: entre 100 y 118%, y 5 Robustez: no influye 1,5 h de bloqueo (p = 0,52 ni ± 5 min para leer placa (p = 0,56; influye grandemente la calidad del agua (p = 0,026, a favor del agua para inyección. El ensayo es adecuado para los fines propuestos y es una medida de la inmunogenicidad in vitro del polisacárido Vi.

  13. Energía renovable e hidrógeno generados in situ para riego y movilidad en viñedos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carroquino Javier

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La energía utilizada en agricultura es fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Para reducir las producidas por el uso de gasóleo y electricidad, el proyecto europeo LIFE REWIND aborda el suministro desde fuentes renovables. Para ello, se ha caracterizado la demanda energética y recursos renovables en viñedo y bodega. Se ha buscado el diseño óptimo económico y medioambiental de la generación. Se ha instalado un prototipo en una explotación vitivinícola, con generación fotovoltaica, incluyendo un conjunto flotante sobre una balsa. Esto evita el uso de terreno, reduce la pérdida de agua de la balsa y mejora el rendimiento de los paneles fotovoltaicos. La electricidad producida alimenta la depuración de agua y el bombeo de riego por goteo del viñedo. Con la energía sobrante, un electrolizador produce hidrógeno mediante electrólisis del agua, que es utilizado por un vehículo todoterreno con pila de combustible. Los resultados muestran la viabilidad técnica y económica de los sistemas autónomos de energía renovable para alimentar el riego estacional en los viñedos. Así se evitan las extensiones indiscriminadas de la red y los grupos electrógenos diésel. Adicionalmente se muestra la posibilidad de reemplazar el gasóleo por electricidad o hidrógeno producido en la propia explotación.

  14. A Big Social Media Data Study of the 2017 German Federal Election Based on Social Set Analysis of Political Party Facebook Pages with SoSeVi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Flesch, Benjamin; Vatrapu, Ravi; Mukkamala, Raghava Rao

    2017-01-01

    We present a big social media data study that comprises of 1 million individuals who interact with Facebook pages of the seven major political parties CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, Greens, Die Linke and AfD during the 2017 German federal election. Our study uses the Social Set Analysis (SSA) approach, which...... is based on the sociology of associations, mathematics of set theory, and advanced visual analytics of event studies. We illustrate the capabilities of SSA through the most recent version of our Social Set Analysis (SoSeVi) tool, which enables us to deep dive into Facebook activity concerning the election....... We explore a significant gender-based difference between female and male interactions with political party Facebook pages. Furthermore, we perform a multi-faceted analysis of social media interactions using gender detection, user segmentation and retention analysis, and visualize our findings...

  15. Børn, unge og sociale netværkssider. Hvad ved vi?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Malene Charlotte

    2012-01-01

    været. Herefter skal vi se på, hvordan børn og unge selv begrunder deres brug af sociale netværkssider, og hvilke motiver der ligger bag deres mange timer foran skærmen. Dernæst sætter kapitlet fokus på børn og unges venskaber på sociale netværkssider, hvad der karakteriserer et venskab i dag, og...

  16. Uranium(VI) speciation by spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meinrath, G.

    1997-01-01

    The application of UV-Vis and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLF) spectroscopies to direct of uranium(VI) in environmental samples offers various prospects that have, however, serious limitations. While UV-Vis spectroscopy is probably not sensitive enough to detect uranium(VI) species in the majority of environmental samples, TRLFS is principially able to speciate uranium(VI) at very low concentration levels in the nanomol range. Speciation by TRLFS can be based on three parameters: excitation spectrum, emission spectrum and lifetime of the fluorescence emission process. Due to quenching effects, the lifetime may not be expected to be as characteristics as, e.g., the emission spectrum. Quenching of U(VI) fluorescence by reaction with organic substances, inorganic ions and formation of carbonate radicals is one important limiting factor in the application of U(VI) fluorescence spectroscopy. Fundamental photophysical criteria are illustrated using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of U(VI) hydrolysis and carbonato species as examples. (author)

  17. O conhecimento pré-colombiano do Brasil pelos portugueses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de Souza

    1961-09-01

    Full Text Available A brilhante emprêsa marítima realizada pelo infante D. Henrique ao longo da costa ocidental da África; a passagem do cabo da Boa Esperança em 1488 por Bartolomeu Dias; o desco-brimento do caminho marítimo para a índia por Vasco da Ga-ma em 1498; as guerras e conquistas na Ásia com a figura ím-par de Afonso de Albuquerque; o ter Portugal mantido por mais de três séculos a integridade territorial do Brasil, vencendo fran-ceses, holandeses e espanhóis, não satisfazem a vaidade nacio-nal de certos historiadores portuguêses . Querem mais . Que-rem que tudo que possa constituir prioridade, em se tratando de descobrimento marítimos, pertença a Portugal. Navegado-res do quilate de Colombo, Caboto, Vespucci, Pinzon, Verraz-zano, Cartier e outros, não passam de medíocres, de embustei-ros e de falsos descobridores que se apropriaram de glórias alheias, sendo que o Genovês, o pouco que sabia de navegação, aprendeu em Portugal.

  18. Thermalization of Hot Free Excitons in ZnSe-Based Quantum Wells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hoffmann, J.; Umlauff, M.; Kalt, H.

    1997-01-01

    Thermalization of hot-exciton populations in ZnSe quantum wells occurs on a time scale of 100 ps. Strong exciton-phonon coupling in II-VI semiconductors leads to a direct access to the thermalization dynamics via time-resolved spectroscopy of phonon-assisted luminescence. The experimental spectra...

  19. OPÇÃO PELOS POBRES: LUZ NO ENSINAMENTO SOCIAL DA IGREJA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    . Editorial

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available Para comemorar o vigésimo aniversário da Encíclica Populorum Progressio de Paulo VI, o papa João Paulo II escreveu nova encíclica social. Nela pretende retomar e atualizar o ensinamento da encíclica jubilar. A encíclica Populorum Progreçsio, na década de sessenta, colocou- se no caminho aberto pela Mater et Magistra, de João XXIII, quando a Igreja se preocupa, pela primeira vez de maneira explícita, com as desigualdades e o subdesenvolvimento existentes no mundo. O Terceiro Mundo emerge na consciência da Igreja. Esta preocupação estará presente na Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et Spes, do Concilio Vaticano II, e terá a sua formulação mais explícita e lúcida na Populorum Progressio. Daí o impacto que teve citada encíclica, especialmente no Terceiro Mundo e mais especificamente na América Latina. Um ano após a sua publicação realizava-se a II Conferência Episcopal.

  20. Defect characterization of Ga4Se3S layered single crystals by ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    GaSe and GaS belonging to III–VI group of semiconducting compounds are effective materials to be used in optoelectronic devices in red and blue regions. These compounds .... or fractures on the surface. Therefore, there is no need of further ...

  1. Aspectos histopatológicos das lesões renais em gatos experimentalmente infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo P. Mesquita

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV em gatos domésticos é caracterizada por distúrbios imunológicos, que geralmente se manifestam tardiamente na doença. Semelhante à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV em humanos, a infecção pelo FIV geralmente está associada a infecções oportunistas e ao desenvolvimento progressivo de nefropatia. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações histopatológicas em rins de 10 gatos experimentalmente infectados pelo FIV submetidos a eutanásia 60 meses após a inoculação viral. Nos rins de 100% dos gatos infectados pelo FIV foram visualizadas lesões glomerulares e tubulointersticiais. As lesões glomerulares eram caracterizadas principalmente por espessamento global ou segmentar da membrana basal glomerular (glomerulonefrite membranosa. Glomeruloesclerose e, em dois casos, proliferação de células epiteliais intraglomerulares (crescente glomerular, também foram observados. Nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica foi a alteração tubulointersticial mais frequente, visualizada em diferentes intensidades nos rins de 100% dos gatos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o tempo prolongado entre a infecção e a avaliação histopatológica pode ter sido decisivo para o surgimento das lesões renais em todos os gatos infectados pelo FIV e para o agravamento dessas lesões em alguns gatos.

  2. Diverse anaerobic Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria from Cr(VI)-contaminated 100H site at Hanford

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakraborty, R.; Phan, R.; Lam, S.; Leung, C.; Brodie, E. L.; Hazen, T. C.

    2007-12-01

    Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water. Cr(VI) is more soluble, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compared to its reduced form Cr(III). In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI), a poly-lactate compound HRC was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifers at site 100H at Hanford. Based on the results of the bacterial community composition using high-density DNA microarray analysis of 16S rRNA gene products, we recently investigated the diversity of the dominant anaerobic culturable microbial population present at this site and their role in Cr(VI) reduction. Positive enrichments set up at 30°C using specific defined anaerobic media resulted in the isolation of an iron reducing isolate strain HAF, a sulfate reducing isolate strain HBLS and a nitrate reducing isolate, strain HLN among several others. Preliminary 16S rDNA sequence analysis identifies strain HAF as Geobacter metallireducens, strain HLN as Pseudomonas stutzeri and strain HBLS as a member of Desulfovibrio species. Strain HAF isolated with acetate as the electron donor utilized propionate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Growth was optimal at 37°C, pH of 6.5 and 0% salinity. Strain HLN isolated with lactate as electron donor utilized acetate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Optimal growth was observed at 37°C, at a pH of 7.5 and 0.3% salinity. Anaerobic active washed cell suspension of strain HLN reduced almost 95 micromolar Cr(VI) within 4 hours relative to controls. Further, with 100 micromolar Cr(VI) as the sole electron acceptor, cells of strain HLN grew to cell numbers of 4.05X 107/ml over a period of 24hrs after an initial lag, demonstrating direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction by this species. 10mM lactate served as the sole electron donor. These results demonstrate that Cr(VI

  3. Radiative d–d transitions at tungsten centers in II–VI semiconductors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ushakov, V. V., E-mail: ushakov@lebedev.ru; Krivobok, V. S.; Pruchkina, A. A. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute (Russian Federation)

    2017-03-15

    The luminescence spectra of W impurity centers in II–VI semiconductors, specifically, ZnSe, CdS, and CdSe, are studied. It is found that, if the electron system of 5d (W) centers is considered instead of the electron system of 3d (Cr) centers, the spectral characteristics of the impurity radiation are substantially changed. The electron transitions are identified in accordance with Tanabe–Sugano diagrams of crystal field theory. With consideration for the specific features of the spectra, it is established that, in the crystals under study, radiative transitions at 5d W centers occur between levels with different spins in the region of a weak crystal field.

  4. Mohamed VI y la paradoja de la transición marroquí.

    OpenAIRE

    Desrues, Thierry

    2000-01-01

    En este artículo se analiza algunos aspectos del primer año de Mohamed VI en el trono de Marruecos. El nuevo soberano ha sido presentado como la encarnación del cambio al tiempo que éste ha situado su reinado bajo el signo de las reformas. Por ello, dicho análisis se enmarca dentro del debate sobre la transición democrática haciendo hincapié, por un lado, en el peso de las inercias heredadas del pasado así como en las nuevas oportunidades que pueden surgir bajo la presión de las n...

  5. O ENTENDIMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES DOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO SOBRE AS ATIVIDADES REALIZADAS PELO MARKETING

    OpenAIRE

    Laeber, Izabel Maria; Mainardes, Emerson Wagner; Monte-mor, Danilo Soares

    2016-01-01

    Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos estudantes dos cursos técnicos em Administração sobre o seu entendimento das atividades realizadas por um profissional de Marketing. O referencial teórico abrange conceitos sobre marketing, mix de marketing formado pelos 4 Ps (produto, preço, praça e promoção) e o ensino de marketing. No que se refere aos aspectos metodológicos, realizou-se um estudo de caráter descritivo e de natureza quantitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dad...

  6. Sistema de aquisição de sinais ECG processado pelo LabVIEW com comunicação wi-fi por meio do módulo ESP8266

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anamaria Coutinho Fernandes

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available O Eletrocardiograma (ECG é um procedimento clínico que mede a atividade elétrica gerada pelo coração, monitorando e diagnosticando as condições cardíacas. O ECG é adquirido, normalmente, por eletrodos em contato com a pele, havendo elementos de condicionamento, processamento e registro do sinal. Com o avanço das áreas de telemedicina e sistemas embarcados, os sistemas de aquisição de sinais ECG tem se miniaturizado, vem sendo propostos para uso em lugares remotos e incorporam técnicas de Internet das Coisas (IoT – Internet of Things habilitando a visualização dos sinais por dispositivos portáteis (smartphones e tablets e pela internet. O sistema de aquisição de sinais ECG aqui proposto é um eletrocardiógrafo que integra elementos de aquisição, condicionamento, processamento e visualização dos sinais ECG usando componentes analógico-digitais e transmitido a frequência cardíaca através da internet usando o módulo WiVi ESP8266. Filtros digitais desenvolvidos com LabVIEW® foram também implementados e visam avaliar a possibilidade do condicionamento analógico, visando a miniaturização.

  7. Cartografia do lugar de moradia dos adolescentes com passagem pelo CENSE I de Londrina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudemir Zulim

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os resultados da análise dos dados documentais obtidos na pesquisa realizada no Centro de Socioeducação I - CENSE I, de Londrina, que objetiva identificar, mapear e analisar as condições sócio-espaciais dos bairros de origem dos adolescentes com passagem pela Unidade. O CENSE I é uma unidade de internação provisória por onde passam todos os adolescentes apreendidos em flagrante de ato infracional e encaminhados à autoridade policial competente, que avalia se eles serão liberados para seus familiares ou se de acordo com a gravidade dos fatos que eles sejam ouvidos pelo representante do Ministério Público, enquanto aguardam as entrevistas para a realização das oitivas junto ao Juizado da Vara da Infância e Adolescência. Analisa os dados sobre o lugar de moradia dos adolescentes com passagem pela Unidade no ano de 2009. Utiliza as técnicas de Cartografia e de programas específicos com os quais foram produzidos gráficos e mapas onde são facilmente visualizados os locais de residência desses adolescentes. Verifica que os locais de maior concentração de adolescentes com passagem pelo CENSE I também concentram graves problemas sócio-espaciais, geralmente ligados a ocupações irregulares e em fundos de vale.

  8. PERSISTENCIA DEL ARCO AÓRTICO DERECHO EN PERRO SIN PELO DEL PERÚ – REPORTE DE UN CASO.

    OpenAIRE

    Grandez R., Ricardo; Bowler T., Brenda; Miguel de Priego G., Claudia; Yi A., Pedro; Torres P., Luis; Valencia L., Roberto

    2012-01-01

    Un canino de la raza Perro sin Pelo del Perú, de dos meses de edad, fue atendido con historia de regurgitación por un mes y pérdida progresiva de su condición corporal desde el destete. Al examen clínico presentó un estado de alerta y baja condición corporal. El paciente recibió tratamiento de sostén y se le realizó estudios imagenológicos, radiografía cervical, torácica y esofagografía, evidenciando una dilatación de esófago craneal al corazón. Se realizó la eutanasia a solicitud del propiet...

  9. Estudio del ahorro de energía térmica en una línea de lavado de lana y pelo de alpaca

    OpenAIRE

    Reynoso Paredes, Edgar Benjamin; Reynoso Paredes, Edgar Benjamin

    1998-01-01

    El Proyecto se realiza en la Planta de Lavado de la Empresa Michell & Cía. S.A., en la ciudad de Arequipa. En esta planta se realiza el segundo paso del proceso productivo, que es el lavado de la materia prima, la lana de oveja y el pelo de alpaca. Este proceso productivo es muy importante porque se elimina todas las impurezas del material, como son la grasa, polvo mineral, paja, trozos, suciedad, marcado, etc. El objetivo del Proyecto, es un estudio para el ahorco de Energía en el proceso...

  10. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) in groundwaters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Addelouas, A.; Gong, W.; Lutze, W.; Nuttall, E.; Fritz, B.; Crovisier, J.L.

    1999-01-01

    The use of enzymatic reduction of U(VI) in remediation of groundwater contaminated with U(VI) is receiving considerable attention. Certain strains of bacteria can combine the oxidation of an organic compound to the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), which precipitates as uraninite. In the present study, we tested the reduction of U(VI) in groundwaters with various origins and compositions. In all groundwaters u(VI) was reduced by sulfate reducing bacteria that had been activated by ethanol and tri-metaphosphate. The reduction rate of U(VI) depends on sulfate concentration in water and the abundance of bacteria in the system. This work shows that bacteria capable of U(VI) reduction are ubiquitous in nature, and suggests the possibility of a large application of the enzymatic reduction of U(VI) for in situ clean up of groundwaters contaminated with uranium. (authors)

  11. Distúrbios causados pelo frio e pelo calor durante corridas de longa distância

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Muitos corredores amadores e de elite participam todos os anos de corridas de longa distância. Quando estes eventos ocorrem em temperaturas altas ou baixas, aumenta o risco de distúrbios térmicos. Contudo, a hipertermia induzida pelo exercício, a hipotermia, a desidratação e outros problemas relacionados podem ser minimizados através de esclarecimentos e um preparo antes do evento. Este documento fornece recomendações para o diretor médico e outras autoridades da organização das corridas nas seguintes áreas: planejamento, profissionais envolvidos na organização, instalações, suprimentos, equipamento e comunicação; fornecimento de esclarecimentos aos participantes; avaliação do estresse térmico; fornecimento de líquidos; e prevenção de questões legais em potencial. Este posicionamento oficial também descreve as condições predisponentes, as formas de diagnóstico e o tratamento dos quatro distúrbios ambientais mais comuns: exaustão pelo calor, colapso pelo calor, hipotermia e congelamento de extremidades. Os objetivos deste documento são: 1 Educar os organizadores e os participantes de corridas de longa distância a respeito das formas mais comuns de distúrbios térmicos incluindo as condições predisponentes, sinais de alerta, suscetibilidade e a redução de sua incidência; 2 Alertar os organizadores sobre as suas responsabilidades civis em potencial no que concerne à segurança do evento e à prevenção de lesões; 3 Recomendar que os organizadores consultem arquivos locais de meteorologia e planejem eventos em horas que provavelmente causem menos estresse térmico de modo a minimizar os efeitos deletérios sobre os participantes; 4 Estimular os organizadores a alertar os participantes sobre o estresse térmico no dia da corrida e as suas implicações no que tange aos distúrbios causados pelo frio e pelo calor; 5 Informar os organizadores sobre as ações preventivas que podem reduzir a incidência dos

  12. Enzymatic U(VI) reduction by Desulfosporosinus species

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Y.; Kelly, S.D.; Kemner, K.M.; Banfield, J.F.

    2004-01-01

    Here we tested U(VI) reduction by a Desulfosporosinus species (sp.) isolate and type strain (DSM 765) in cell suspensions (pH 7) containing 1 mM U(VI) and lactate, under an atmosphere containing N 2 -CO 2 -H 2 (90: 5: 5). Although neither Desulfosporosinus species (spp.) reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions with 0.25% Na-bicarbonate or 0.85% NaCl, U(VI) was reduced in these solutions by a control strain, desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 642). However, both Desulfosporosinus strains reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions depleted in bicarbonate and NaCl. No U(VI) reduction was observed without lactate and H 2 electron donors or with heat-killed cells, indicating enzymatic U(VI) reduction. Uranium(VI) reduction by both strains was inhibited when 1 mM CuCl 2 was added to the cell suspensions. Because the Desulfosporosinus DSM 765 does not contain cytochrome c 3 used by Desulfovibrio spp. to reduce U(VI), Desulfosporosinus species reduce uranium via a different enzymatic pathway. (orig.)

  13. Kiintoainehäviöselvitys

    OpenAIRE

    Ylimys, Jussi

    2014-01-01

    Teoriaosassa käydään läpi yleisesti pyörrepuhdistuslaitoksen toimintaa sekä kiintoainehäviöitä paperi- ja kartonkitehtailla. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia Metsä Boardin Kyröskosken tehtaan kiintoainehäviötä. Työssä selvitettiin, minkälaista kiintoainetta jätevesilaitokselle päätyy ja miksi. Selvityksen kohteena oli myös, missä kohteissa kiintoainehäviöt tarkalleen syntyvät ja kuinka paljon häviötä tapahtuu. Kahden edellä mainitun tiedon perusteella selvitettiin, kuinka palj...

  14. Peroxo complexes of molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), uranium(VI), zirconium(IV) and thorium(IV) ions containing tridentate Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and amino acids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tarafder, M.T.H.; Khan, A.R.

    1997-01-01

    The synthesis of peroxo complexes of molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), uranium(VI), zirconium(IV), thorium(IV) and their possible oxygen transfer reactions is presented. An attempt has also been made to study the size of the metal ions and the electronic effect derived from the tridentate Schiff bases on the v 1 (O-O) mode of the complexes in their IR spectra

  15. Ética e profética nas Mitológicas de Lévi-Strauss

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Sztutman

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo intenta extrair das Mitológicas de Claude Lévi-Strauss uma ética e uma filosofia política (em princípio, ameríndias. Busca-se aqui a um só tempo responder e estender a provocação de Pierre Clastres, para quem a análise estrutural não teria se ocupado de tamanhas questões. Para realizar esta discussão, o foco será dado em duas obras de Lévi-Strauss: As origens dos modos à mesa, o terceiro volume das Mitológicas, e História de lince, a última das "pequenas mitológicas". Se a primeira finda com um excurso sobre a "moral dos mitos", a segunda principia com uma reflexão sobre a capacidade da mitologia de fornecer leituras da história, por exemplo, o "encontro" com o mundo europeu. Essas leituras, de sua parte, devem estar na base do que a literatura etnológica recente reconheceu como movimentos proféticos.This article focus Claude Lévi-Strauss' reflection on amerindian ethic and political thought. We suggest that we could read many passages of Mythologiques as if they contained sorts of replies as well as developments of some of Pierre Clastres' provocations and critics directed to structuralism. We will analyse particularly two books: Les origines des manières à table, Mythologiques' third volume, and Histoire de lynx, the last of the petites mythologiques. The first one ends with an interesting reflection on the "mythical moralism", while the second one starts with the problem of how amerindian mythologies can offer interpretations of history, interpretations of the "encounter" with europeans, for instance. These, we suppose, must be on the basis of what ethnological recent literature called "prophetic movements".

  16. Radiation cooling and gain calculation for C VI 182 A line in C/Se plasma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nam, C.H.; Valeo, E.; Suckewer, S.; Feldman, U.

    1986-04-01

    A model is developed which is capable of describing the evolution of gain resulting from both rapid radiative and expansion cooling of a recombining, freely expanding plasma. It is demonstrated for the particular case of a carbon/selenium plasma that the cooling rate which leads to optimal gain can be achieved by adjusting the admixture of an efficiently radiating material (selenium) in the gain medium (carbon). Comparison is made to a recent observation of gain in a recent NRL/Rochester experiment with carbon/selenium plasma for the n = 3 → 2 transition in C VI occurring at 182 A. The predicted maximum gain is approx.10 cm -1 , as compared to observation of 2 to 3 cm -1

  17. A inclusão social pelo trabalho no processo de minimização do estigma social pela doença

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pâmela Moraes Volz

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de refletir sobre a importância da inclusão social pelo trabalho no processo de redução do estigma social pela doença, este artigo apresenta a narrativa de três usuárias, vinculadas às Oficinas de Geração de Trabalho e Renda da Reabilitação Trabalho e Arte (Retrate, que sofrem com o preconceito e a discriminação por serem portadoras de transtornos mentais. Pautando-se nas contribuições teóricas de Erving Goffman e valendo-se da proposta metodológica trazida pela sociologia da vida cotidiana e pela história oral de vida, o resultado obtido aponta que a inclusão social pelo trabalho é o principal meio para a positivação da identidade dos portadores de transtornos mentais e para a redução da estigmatização social pela doença. Ao sentirem-se reconhecidos por seu trabalho e conceberem o grupo como uma "família", esses sujeitos têm a baixa autoestima, os sentimentos de anormalidade, o medo e a desvalorização visivelmente minimizados.

  18. Por uma cidade que se move e se comunica: corpo, rua e improviso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Saldanha Vieira de Aguiar

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho trata da relação de um lugar com suas pessoas. A reflexão acontece a partir de um estudo de caso: o Camelódromo da Praça XV. O Camelódromo foi uma grande feira, que durante 40 anos ocupou um espaço importante no centro de Porto Alegre/RS. (Auto organizado e vivido principalmente pelo povo, o fenômeno se configurava em um lugar onde improviso e estética constituiam o modo de ser e agir no cotidiano da rua. Ironicamente, no início de 2009, o Camelódromo foi transferido para dentro de um prédio. Hoje, onde se desenrolava o espetáculo do imprevisível, encontra-se um estacionamento para carros. Este trabalho foi produzido nos últimos meses do Camelódromo; em um espírito de elogio à estética do improviso e à auto-organização. Buscamos articular idéias da teoria da complexidade, do urbanismo, das artes e da comunicação, para tentar compreender um pouco essa manifestação espontânea, tão característica da urbe no século XXI.

  19. Raman spectra of Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}X{sub 4}{sup VI} magnetic quaternary semiconductor compounds with tetragonal stannite type structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rincón, C., E-mail: crincon@ula.ve; Quintero, M.; Power, Ch.; Moreno, E.; Quintero, E.; Morocoima, M. [Centro de Estudios de Semiconductores, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Henao, J. A.; Macías, M. A. [Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Apartado Aéreo 678, Bucaramanga (Colombia)

    2015-05-28

    A comparative study of the Raman spectra of Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}S{sub 4}{sup VI} and Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}Se{sub 4}{sup VI}(where B = Mn or Fe) magnetic quaternary semiconductor compounds with stannite-type structure (I4{sup ¯}2m) has been done. Most of the fourteen Raman lines expected for these materials were observed in the spectra. The two strongest lines observed have been assigned to the IR inactive A{sub 1}{sup 1} and A{sub 1}{sup 2} stannite modes that originated from the motion of the S or Se anion around the Cu and C{sup IV} cations remaining at rest. The shift in the frequency of these two lines of about 150 cm{sup −1} to lower energies observed in Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}Se{sub 4}{sup VI} compounds as compared to those in Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}S{sub 4}{sup VI} ones, can then be explained as due to the anion mass effect. Based on the fact that values of these frequencies depend mainly on anion mass and bond-stretching forces between nearest-neighbor atoms, the vibrational frequencies v{sup ¯}(A{sub 1}{sup 2}) and v{sup ¯}(A{sub 1}{sup 2}) of both modes for several Cu{sub 2}B{sup II}C{sup IV}X{sub 4}{sup VI} stannite compounds (where X = S, Se, or Te) very close to the experimental data reported for these materials were calculated from a simple model that relates these stretching forces to the anion-cation bond-distances.

  20. ENDF-201, ENDF/B-VI summary documentation supplement 1, ENDF/HE-VI summary documentation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McLane, V.

    1996-12-01

    The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) provides coordination for and serves as the secretariat to the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSWEG). CSEWG is responsible for the oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data File. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the file is maintained at the NNDC. For a description of the ENDF/B-VI file, see the ENDF-102 Data Formats and Procedures for the Evaluated Nuclear Data File ENDF-6. The purpose of this addendum to the ENDF/B-VI Summary Documentation is to provide documentation of Releases 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the ENDF/B-VI and ENDF/HE-VI evaluated nuclear data libraries. These releases contain many new and revised evaluations for the neutron, photo-atomic interaction, radioactive decay data, spontaneous fission product yield, neutron-induced fission product yield, thermal neutron scattering, proton, deuteron, and triton sublibraries. The summaries have been extracted mainly from the ENDF/B-VI File 1 comments (MT = 451), which have been checked, edited, and may also include supplementary information. Some summaries have been provided by the evaluators in electronic format, while others are extracted from reports on the evaluations. All references have been checked and corrected, or updated where appropriate. A list of the laboratories which have contributed evaluations used in ENDF/B-VI is given

  1. ENDF-201, ENDF/B-VI summary documentation supplement 1, ENDF/HE-VI summary documentation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McLane, V.

    1996-12-01

    The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) provides coordination for and serves as the secretariat to the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSWEG). CSEWG is responsible for the oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data File. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the file is maintained at the NNDC. For a description of the ENDF/B-VI file, see the ENDF-102 Data Formats and Procedures for the Evaluated Nuclear Data File ENDF-6. The purpose of this addendum to the ENDF/B-VI Summary Documentation is to provide documentation of Releases 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the ENDF/B-VI and ENDF/HE-VI evaluated nuclear data libraries. These releases contain many new and revised evaluations for the neutron, photo-atomic interaction, radioactive decay data, spontaneous fission product yield, neutron-induced fission product yield, thermal neutron scattering, proton, deuteron, and triton sublibraries. The summaries have been extracted mainly from the ENDF/B-VI File 1 comments (MT = 451), which have been checked, edited, and may also include supplementary information. Some summaries have been provided by the evaluators in electronic format, while others are extracted from reports on the evaluations. All references have been checked and corrected, or updated where appropriate. A list of the laboratories which have contributed evaluations used in ENDF/B-VI is given.

  2. 24 CFR 971.11 - HOPE VI developments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false HOPE VI developments. 971.11... § 971.11 HOPE VI developments. Developments with HOPE VI implementation grants that have approved HOPE... with reasonable revitalization plans. Future HUD actions to approve or deny proposed HOPE VI...

  3. Transport Properties of ZnSe- ITO Hetero Junction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ichibakase, Tsuyoshi

    In this report, ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) was used on the glass substrates as the transparent electrode, and ZnSe layer was prepared by the vacuum deposition on this ITO. Then, the electrical characteristics of this sample were investigated by mans of the electric current transport analysis. The sample that ZnSe was prepared as 3.4 μm in case of ITO-ZnSe sample, has high density level at the junction surface. The ITO-ZnSe junction has two type of diffusion current. However, the ITO-ZnSe sample that ZnSe layer was prepared as 0.1 μm can be assumed as the ohmic contact, and ITO-ZnSe(0.1μm) -CdTe sample shows the avalanche breakdown, and it is considered that the avalanche breakdown occurs in CdTe layer. It is difficult to occur the avalanche breakdown, if ZnSe-CdTe junction has high-density level and CdTe layer has high-density defect. Hence, the ZnSe-CdTe sample that CdTe layer was prepared on ITO-ZnSe(0.1μm) substrate has not high-density level at the junction surface, and the CdTe layer with little lattice imperfection can be prepared. It found that ITO-ZnSe(0.1μm) substrate is available for the II-VI compounds semiconductor device through above analysis result.

  4. Technology-derived storage solutions for stabilizing insulin in extreme weather conditions I: the ViViCap-1 device.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pfützner, Andreas; Pesach, Gidi; Nagar, Ron

    2017-06-01

    Injectable life-saving drugs should not be exposed to temperatures 30°C/86°F. Frequently, weather conditions exceed these temperature thresholds in many countries. Insulin is to be kept at 4-8°C/~ 39-47°F until use and once opened, is supposed to be stable for up to 31 days at room temperature (exception: 42 days for insulin levemir). Extremely hot or cold external temperature can lead to insulin degradation in a very short time with loss of its glucose-lowering efficacy. Combined chemical and engineering solutions for heat protection are employed in ViViCap-1 for disposable insulin pens. The device works based on vacuum insulation and heat consumption by phase-change material. Laboratory studies with exposure of ViViCap-1 to hot outside conditions were performed to evaluate the device performance. ViViCap-1 keeps insulin at an internal temperature phase-change process and 'recharges' the device for further use. ViViCap-1 performed within its specifications. The small and convenient device maintains the efficacy and safety of using insulin even when carried under hot weather conditions.

  5. Requerimientos energéticos de ovinos de pelo en las regiones tropicales de Latinoamérica. Revisión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Los ovinos de pelo juegan un papel importante en la producción animal en las regiones tropicales; sin embargo, sus requerimientos nutricionales no se han determinado en la misma medida que los de las razas de lana. Debido a las condiciones ambientales de las regiones tropicales (clima, calidad y disponibilidad de alimentos, es razonable la hipótesis de que los requerimientos de energía metabolizable (EM y la eficiencia de utilización de la EM pueden ser diferentes entre los ovinos de razas de pelo y de lana. La información disponible en ovinos de pelo muestra una gran discrepancia en cuanto a las necesidades de energía. Con base en datos de la literatura disponible para hembras ovinas, el requerimiento de EM para mantenimiento (EMm fue de 419±129 kJ/kg PC0.75 (media ± desviación estándar y para machos fue 388±123 kJ/kg BW0.75. El requerimiento de energía neta para la ganancia de peso (ENg varió de 8.75 a 14.06 kJ/g (11.63±1.86 kJ/g. Las eficiencias de utilización de la EM para el mantenimiento (km y la ganancia de peso (kg fueron de 0.66±0.023 y 0.42±0.044, respectivamente. Esta revisión también indicó que la información es escasa para ovejas adultas en diferentes etapas fisiológicas (mantenimiento, lactancia y gestación. Se requiere más trabajo de investigación con relación a la estimación de las necesidades de energía de los ovinos de pelo, con el fin de hacer ajustes a los modelos existentes de alimentación, con el objetivo de predecir la respuesta de los animales con la condición que prevalece en los trópicos (tipo de animal, medio ambiente y alimentos disponibles.

  6. Efeito do tratamento clínico de um corredor de longa distância com broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício: relato de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Teixeira,Renata Nakata; Gonçalves,Raquel Calvo; Costa,Luiz Augusto Riani; Silva,Leonardo Borges de Barros e; Martins,Milton de Arruda; Teixeira,Luzimar Raimundo; Carvalho,Celso Ricardo Fernandes

    2009-01-01

    O broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício (BIE) é uma condição que se caracteriza pelo estreitamento transitório das vias aéreas durante ou após o esforço físico e afeta principalmente portadores de asma. Em atletas profissionais que praticam esportes de alta intensidade, a prevalência também é alta; no entanto, seu diagnóstico permanece subestimado. O presente estudo descreve o caso de um atleta do sexo masculino, 23 anos, corredor de longa distância sem histórico de asma, que após um teste gr...

  7. Reduction of ferrate(VI) and oxidation of cyanate in a Fe(VI)-TiO2-UV-NCO- system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winkelmann, Kurt; Sharma, Virender K; Lin, Yekaterina; Shreve, Katherine A; Winkelmann, Catherine; Hoisington, Laura J; Yngard, Ria A

    2008-08-01

    The aqueous photocatalytic degradation of cyanate (NCO(-)), which is a long-lived neurotoxin formed during the remediation of cyanide in industrial waste streams, was studied in the ferrate(VI)-UV-TiO2-NCO(-) system. Kinetics measurements of the photocatalytic reduction of ferrate(VI) were carried out as a function of [NCO(-)], [ferrate(VI)], [O(2)], light intensity (I(o)), and amount of TiO2 in suspensions at pH 9.0. The photocatalytic reduction rate of ferrate(VI) in the studied system can be expressed as -d[Fe(VI)]/dt=kI(o)(0.5) [NCO(-)] [TiO2]. The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of cyanate with ferrate(VI) was greater than the rate in the analogous system without ferrate(VI). The possibility of involvement of reactive ferrate(V) species for this enhancement was determined by studying the reactivity of ferrate(V) with NCO(-) in a homogeneous solution using a premix pulse radiolysis technique. The rate constant for the reaction of ferrate(V) and NCO(-) in alkaline medium was estimated to be (9.60+/-0.07) x 10(2) M(-1) s(-1), which is much slower than the ferrate(VI) self-decomposition reaction (k approximately 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)). An analysis of the kinetic data in the Fe(VI)-UV-TiO2-NCO(-) system suggests that ferrate(V) is not directly participating in the oxidation of cyanate. Possible reactions in the system are presented to explain results of ferrate(VI) reduction and oxidation of cyanate.

  8. Nursing process according the model of self-care in a cardiac bedridden patient

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aryele Rayana Antunes de Araújo

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Aplicar do processo de enfermagem segundo o Modelo do Autocuidado, proposto por Dorothea Orem. Métodos: Estudo de caso de caráter descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, que permite uma analise profunda do sujeito e da complexidade determinado pelo modelo proposto. Na análise dos dados observou-se a capacidade e a necessidade de autocuidado do sujeito a ser assistido. Resultados: Paciente mostrava-se interessada na dinâmica dos procedimentos pelos quais era submetida. No entanto, apresentava quatro déficits de autocuidado diagnosticados pelas pesquisadoras, tanto de acordo com o modelo estudado e a taxonomia NANDA-I, que deveriam ser supridos pela equipe de enfermagem. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que o Modelo do Autocuidado proposto por Orem é aplicável, de simples entendimento, e por isso, viável para a prática do cuidado cotidiano da equipe de enfermagem a um paciente cardiopata restrito ao leito.

  9. Sondeo arqueológico en el yacimiento de Potorrosín VI (Oñati, Gipuzkoa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro Arrizabalaga

    1992-01-01

    Full Text Available El yacimiento de Potorrosín VI se localiza en el valle del río Arantzazu (Oñati, Guipúzcoa. En el curso de un sondeo realizado durante 1987, y en algunas actuaciones anteriores, se ha localizado una secuencia estratigráfica que abarca varias fases de la prehistoria con cerámica y al menos una ocupación (Nivel IX correspondiente probablemente al Paleolítico superior final. En este artículo presentamos la estratigrafía y materiales obtenidos.

  10. Vi har intet lært - hvornår lærer vi det?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sodemann, Morten

    2016-01-01

    WHO anså fra i går ikke længere ebola for at være en trussel mod global folkesundhed, så fra i dag er kameraerne slukket i Vestafrika og vi er tilbage hvor vi startede. SDG målene skal have et dansk udtryk, men hvad er de danske kompetencer på globalt plan når sundhed ikke længere er en kerneakti......WHO anså fra i går ikke længere ebola for at være en trussel mod global folkesundhed, så fra i dag er kameraerne slukket i Vestafrika og vi er tilbage hvor vi startede. SDG målene skal have et dansk udtryk, men hvad er de danske kompetencer på globalt plan når sundhed ikke længere er en...

  11. Relaciones entre el tamaño del pelo, el color de la piel y mucosas externas con la producción lechera en condiciones tropicales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manrique P. Luis Phanor

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available

    El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las relaciones entre el tamaño del pelo, el color de la piel y el de las mucosas externas (hocico y párpados con los rendimientos productivos de vacas lecheras Lucerna, explotadas en condiciones de clima tropical en Bugalagrande, Colombia. Se utilizaron 1855 registros con datos en 180 y 305 días de lactación, producción total de leche y la duración de los períodos de lactancia. A las vacas se les asignó una de las tres categorías para el tamaño del pelo, una de las cuatro para el color de la piel y una de las tres para el color de las mucosas externas. Por medio del método de cuadrados mínimos se realizaron los respectivos análisis de varianza y con el apoyo de pruebas de medias, se demostró que el tamaño del pelo no fue una fuente de variación significativa, pero las mayores producciones se presentaron en el grupo de vacas con pelo corto o fino. La relación entre el color de la piel y los rendimientos productivos determinó diferencias estadísticas (P < 0.05 en los grupos de animales, donde las mayores producciones se presentaron en los de las vacas con piel negra y café clara. El color de las mucosas externas no influyó significativamente en los rendimientos de las vacas lecheras.

    This research was conducted to find out the relationship among hair size, skin color and externals mucosa color (muzzle and evedil occular with milk production in cows of Lucerna's race, developed under tropical condition in Bugalagrande, Colombia. A total of 1855 records were analized in 180 and 305 days of milking, total production and lactation length. Each cow was classified under one of three categories for hair size, one of four categories for skin color and one of three categories for externals mucosa color. Harvey's statistical methods were used to analyse the data and the results showed up that the size of the hair was not a source of significative variation, but the larger milk

  12. Study of surface modifications for improved selected metal (II-VI) semiconductor based devices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blomfield, Christopher James

    Metal-semiconductor contacts are of fundamental importance to the operation of all semiconductor devices. There are many competing theories of Schottky barrier formation but as yet no quantitative predictive model exists to adequately explain metal-semiconductor interfaces. The II-VI compound semiconductors CdTe, CdS and ZnSe have recently come to the fore with the advent of high efficiency photovoltaic cells and short wavelength light emitters. Major problems still exist however in forming metal contacts to these materials with the desired properties. This work presents results which make a significant contribution to the theory of metal/II-VI interface behaviour in terms of Schottky barriers to n-type CdTe, CdS and ZnSe.Predominantly aqueous based wet chemical etchants were applied to the surfaces of CdTe, CdS and ZnSe which were subsequently characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ionic nature of these II-VI compounds meant that they behaved as insoluble salts of strong bases and weak acids. Acid etchants induced a stoichiometric excess of semiconductor anion at the surface which appeared to be predominantly in the elemental or hydrogenated state. Alkaline etchants conversely induced a stoichiometric excess of semiconductor cation at the surface which appeared to be in an oxidised state.Metal contacts were vacuum-evaporated onto these etched surfaces and characterised by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage techniques. The surface preparation was found to have a clear influence upon the electrical properties of Schottky barriers formed to etched surfaces. Reducing the native surface oxide produced near ideal Schottky diodes. An extended study of Au, Ag and Sb contacts to [mathematical formula] substrates again revealed the formation of several discrete Schottky barriers largely independent of the metal used; for [mathematical formula]. Deep levels measured within this study and those reported in the literature led to the conclusion that Fermi

  13. Anion Exchange in II-VI Semiconducting Nanostructures via Atomic Templating.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agarwal, Rahul; Krook, Nadia M; Ren, Ming-Liang; Tan, Liang Z; Liu, Wenjing; Rappe, Andrew M; Agarwal, Ritesh

    2018-03-14

    Controlled chemical transformation of nanostructures is a promising technique to obtain precisely designed novel materials, which are difficult to synthesize otherwise. We report high-temperature vapor-phase anion-exchange reactions to chemically transform II-VI semiconductor nanostructures (100-300 nm length scale) while retaining the single crystallinity, crystal structure, morphology, and even defect distribution of the parent material via atomic templating. The concept of atomic templating is employed to obtain kinetically controlled, thermodynamically metastable structural phases such as zincblende CdSe and CdS from zincblende CdTe upon complete chemical replacement of Te with Se or S. The underlying transformation mechanisms are explained through first-principles density functional theory calculations. Atomic templating is a unique path to independently tune materials' phase and composition at the nanoscale, allowing the synthesis of novel materials.

  14. Editorial das organizadoras do VI ENANCIB

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia Maria Arruda Café

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available EDITORIAL A história das idéias, em um determinado campo do conhecimento, se faz por meio de seus cientistas e de suas instituições. Ela torna visível a produção intelectual deste campo, construída por seus atores individuais e coletivos. Neste sentido, o ENANCIB é um elemento-chave neste processo de construção, o momento por excelência da disseminação do conhecimento nesta área. Ele permite a continuidade da história, o desenvolvimento da Ciência da Informação que se faz no Brasil e a coesão de sua comunidade. Por meio de debates, da troca de idéias e de experiências, promovem a construção da identidade deste campo científico, sua visibilidade, a delimitação de suas fronteiras e sua interrelação com outras áreas do conhecimento. O ENANCIB permite, além disso, a construção de novas parcerias científicas e a consolidação dos grupos de trabalho existentes. Este evento vem se estabelecendo, desde 1994, como fundamental para a consolidação e estruturação da área da Ciência da Informação brasileira, influenciando o desenvolvimento dos cursos de pós-graduação do país. Um campo se constrói somente se compreender as especificidades dos processos que atravessam o seu caminho. Em sua evolução, a Ciência da Informação, nos últimos 50 anos, tem se caracterizado pela diversidade de suas abordagens buscando definir a sua essência, por diferentes estudos e teorias. Nestes estudos, inúmeros aportes conceituais vêm sendo apresentados por diferentes pensadores por meio da visão particular de cada um deles. Na realidade, cada um adota uma forma distinta de observar, representar e explicitar a realidade com base na sua visão de mundo. Alguns autores enfatizam os aspectos comunicacionais da Ciência da Informação; outros destacam sua função social; outros, ainda, ressaltam sua forte ligação com as tecnologias. Este número da revista Encontros Bibli traz quatorze artigos apresentados no VI ENANCIB

  15. MBE growth and design of II-VI heterostructures for epitaxial lift-off

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Davidson, Ian A.; Vallance, Erin C.; Prior, Kevin A. [School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh (United Kingdom); Moug, Richard T.; Tamargo, Maria C. [Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY (United States)

    2012-08-15

    Epitaxial lift-off (ELO) is a post-growth process that allows the active part of a semiconductor structure to be transferred from its growth substrate to a new one. This is a well established technique for III-V semiconductors, and has previously been demonstrated for ZnSe-based alloys grown on GaAs using a metastable MgS sacrificial layer, taking advantage of the huge difference in etch rates of MgS and ZnSe. We report here the first successful extension of this process to II-VI layers grown on InP by using a MgSe sacrificial layer. By using the correct etching conditions, MgSe has been found to work effectively as a sacrificial layer. 5 x 5 mm{sup 2} square pieces of material can be lifted and deposited on glass substrates without any deterioration in the structural or optical properties; as confirmed by optical microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  16. Effect of uranium (VI) on the growth of yeast and influence of metabolism of yeast on adsorption of U (VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakamoto, Fuminori; Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Kozai, Naofumi; Wakai, Eiichi; Francis, A.J.

    2005-01-01

    We have carried out the growth experiments of 3 strains of yeast in a medium containing uranium (VI) to elucidate the effect of U (VI) on the growth of microorganisms. Hansenula fabianii J640 grew in the liquid medium containing 0.1 mM U (VI) at lower rate than the control, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not grow under this condition. The H. fabianii J640 pre-cultured for 21 h in the liquid medium without U (VI) grew even after the exposure to 1 mM U (VI), but did not grow without pre-cultivation. For the pre-cultured H. fabianii J640, radioactivity of U in the medium was the same as the initial one for 110 h, and then gradually decreased. TEM-EDS analysis of H. fabianii J640 exposed to 1 mM U (VI) for 165 h showed accumulation of U (VI) on the cells. When H. fabianii J640 was not pre-cultured, radioactivity of U in the medium was lower than the initial one. These results indicated that U (VI) inhibits the growth of yeast, and that the adsorption of U (VI) by the cells depends on the metabolism of yeast. (author)

  17. Integração de dados do laser scanner com a banda pan-cromática do sensor QuickBird II para a identificação de edificações através das redes neurais numa abordagem orientação a regiões - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v27i2.1489

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mosar Faria Botelho

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available A imagens produzidas pelo sensor QuickBird II e pelos dados laser scanner são produtos caros para comercialização, porém têm mostrado seu valor técnico-científico no processamento digital de imagens. O objetivo deste estudo está em mostrar uma alternativa viável para a identificação de edificações através da classificação de imagem de alta resolução utilizando dados do sistema laser scanner e imagens do QuickBird II. No intuito de diminuir os custos na aquisição dos dados para o processamento digital, foram utilizados dados de intensidade e altimetria do laser, integrando-os com a banda pan-cromática do sensor QuickBird II, por meio do algoritmo de redes neurais e uma abordagem orientada a regiões. O trabalho justifica-se por utilizar tecnologias recentes (laser scanner e imagem QuickBird II e um algoritmo integrador de variáveis de diferentes origens (as redes neurais artificiais, na elaboração de mapas temáticos com custos menores. O método mostrou-se viável para a elaboração de mapa temático

  18. Preparation and properties of N-Phenylbutyrohydroxamic acid and N-p-Chlorophenylbutyrohydroxamic acid and their uses as extracting agents for Chromium (VI), Molybdenum (VI), Titanium (IV) and Uranium (VI)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abu Elnour, Sawsan Hassan [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum (Sudan)

    1993-05-01

    Two lignads, N-phenylbutyrohydroxamic acid (1), N-p-chlorophenylbutyryl chloride with {beta} phenyl-hydroylamine and N-p-chlorophenylhydroxylamine, respectively. The acids prepared were identified and characterised through their reactions with Vanadiun (V) and iron (III), their melting points, infra-red spectra and nitrogen content. The extractive properties of these acids towards the metals Cr (VI), Mo (VI), Ti (IV) and U (VI) were examined at different PH values. The percentage of maximum extraction with the two acids was found to be as follows : for Cr (VI) at PH 1, (100%) for both acids, Mo (VI) at PH 2 (33.34%) with acid (I) and (16.67%) with acid (II) and U (VI) at PH 6 (72%) with acid (I) and (76%) with acid (II). The metal: Ligand complexes ratios were determined by using the continuous variation method, the ratio of the two ligands with four metals was found to be 1:2. Finally the suitability of the two acids for spectrophotometric determination of four metals was examined.(Author) 90 refs. , 24 tabs. , 24 figs

  19. Preparation and properties of N-Phenylbutyrohydroxamic acid and N-p-Chlorophenylbutyrohydroxamic acid and their uses as extracting agents for Chromium (VI), Molybdenum (VI), Titanium (IV) and Uranium (VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu Elnour, Sawsan Hassan

    1993-05-01

    Two lignads, N-phenylbutyrohydroxamic acid (1), N-p-chlorophenylbutyryl chloride with β phenyl-hydroylamine and N-p-chlorophenylhydroxylamine, respectively. The acids prepared were identified and characterised through their reactions with Vanadiun (V) and iron (III), their melting points, infra-red spectra and nitrogen content. The extractive properties of these acids towards the metals Cr (VI), Mo (VI), Ti (IV) and U (VI) were examined at different PH values. The percentage of maximum extraction with the two acids was found to be as follows : for Cr (VI) at PH 1, (100%) for both acids, Mo (VI) at PH 2 (33.34%) with acid (I) and (16.67%) with acid (II) and U (VI) at PH 6 (72%) with acid (I) and (76%) with acid (II). The metal: Ligand complexes ratios were determined by using the continuous variation method, the ratio of the two ligands with four metals was found to be 1:2. Finally the suitability of the two acids for spectrophotometric determination of four metals was examined.(Author)

  20. Técnicas de análise multivariada na avaliação de injúrias pelo frio em mangas cv. Tommy Atkins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Almeida Miguel

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou identificar as variáveis que se associam às injúrias pelo frio e determinar as diferenças nos parâmetros de qualidade que melhor caracterizam mangas 'Tommy Atkins' submetidas à condição de injúria pelo frio, utilizando-se da análise de fatores em componentes principais e a análise de agrupamentos. Frutos colhidos no estádio "de vez" foram cuidadosamente transportados, selecionados, padronizados quanto a coloração, tamanho e ausência de injúrias, e tratados com fungicida antes de serem armazenados a 2 ºC (74,8% UR, 5 °C (75,4% UR e 12 °C (76,4% UR, por até 28 dias. Os frutos foram avaliados semanalmente quanto à ocorrência de danos pelo frio, coloração da casca e da polpa, firmeza da polpa, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, açúcares solúveis e redutores, ácido ascórbico e atividade das enzimas peroxidase, polifenoloxidase e fenilalanina amônia-liase. A análise estatística multivariada dos fatores em componentes principais e agrupamentos permitiram melhor compreensão do efeito do armazenamento, sob condição de chilling, no metabolismo de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' e indicaram que o dano está intimamente relacionado com a casca e que a resposta da polpa ao estresse ocorre de forma tardia.

  1. Gramática Hipertextual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francilaine Munhoz Moraes

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available No meio digital, a construção da notícia sepelo hipertexto. Uma linguagem própria ao suporte consolida-se nas duas últimas décadas. Este artigo se dedica a discutir regularidades linguísticas do discurso jornalístico na web. Se há uma linguagem peculiar ao meio, existe também uma gramática correspondente: a gramática hipertextual. Nesse viés, levantamos traços linguísticos da estrutura sintático-semântica, com base na organização da informação em páginas noticiosas eletrônicas. 

  2. Structural investigation of the ZnSe(001)-c(2×2) surface

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Weigand, W.; Müller, A.; Kilian, L.

    2003-01-01

    Zinc selenide is a model system for II-VI compound semiconductors. The geometric structure of the clean (001)-c(2x2) surface has recently been the subject of intense debate. We report here a surface x-ray-diffraction study on the ZnSe(001)-c(2x2) surface performed under ultrahigh vacuum using...

  3. A first-principles study of group IV and VI atoms doped blue phosphorene

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bai, Ruimin; Chen, Zheng; Gou, Manman; Zhang, Yixin

    2018-02-01

    Using first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of blue phosphorene doped by group IV and VI atoms, including C, Si, Ge, Sn, O, S, Se and Te. All the doped systems are energetically stable. Only C, Si, Ge and O-substituted systems show the characteristics of spin polarization and the magnetic moments are all 1.0 μB. Moreover, we found that C, Si, Ge and O doped systems are indirect bandgap semiconductors, while Sn, S, Se and Te doped systems present metallic property. These results show that blue phosphorene can be used prospectively in optoelectronic and spintronic devices.

  4. Polytypism in ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe: First-principles study

    KAUST Repository

    Boutaiba, F.

    2014-06-23

    We report results of first-principles calculations based on the projector augmented wave (PAW) method to explore the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of cubic (3C) and hexagonal (6H, 4H, and 2H) polytypes of II-VI compounds: ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe. We find that the different bond stacking in II-VI polytypes remarkably influences the resulting physical properties. Furthermore, the degree of hexagonality is found to be useful to understand both the ground-state properties and the electronic structure of these compounds. The resulting lattice parameters, energetic stability, and characteristic band energies are in good agreement with available experimental data. Trends with hexagonality of the polytype are investigated.

  5. Polytypism in ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe: First-principles study

    KAUST Repository

    Boutaiba, F.; Belabbes, Abderrezak; Ferhat, M.; Bechstedt, F.

    2014-01-01

    We report results of first-principles calculations based on the projector augmented wave (PAW) method to explore the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of cubic (3C) and hexagonal (6H, 4H, and 2H) polytypes of II-VI compounds: ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe. We find that the different bond stacking in II-VI polytypes remarkably influences the resulting physical properties. Furthermore, the degree of hexagonality is found to be useful to understand both the ground-state properties and the electronic structure of these compounds. The resulting lattice parameters, energetic stability, and characteristic band energies are in good agreement with available experimental data. Trends with hexagonality of the polytype are investigated.

  6. Assessment and characterization of joineries in the city of Viçosa, MG/ Diagnóstico e caracterização das marcenarias na cidade de Viçosa, MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José de Castro Silva

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available The forestry sector is not only formed by large companies, such as pulp and paper or reconstituted panels, but also by small businesses, and often strictly family businesses, as joineries. This study aimed to identify, assess and characterize joineries in Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The object of study was limited to the city’s joinery businesses, mainly the ones belonging to the former Joiner’s Association. A questionnaire was drawn up to obtain information on the used wood, internal management and employee training, machinery, products, market, product advertising and prospects for the sector. It was found that both entrepreneurs and workers have low educational level and lack their own product design. They were producing only ordered products with intensive use of solid wood particularly from native forests. Products were heterogeneous, ranging from furniture to farm utilities. Competition, mainly the informal, represented the biggest obstacle to sector development, as well as serialized products from other locations sold in shops at lower prices. It was concluded that the joinery sector in Viçosa needs greater skill levels, both technical and managerial, to improve the activity. Moreover, the sector needs better organization through associations and support of agencies such as local Sebrae, and wider product advertising targeting consumers in the region.O setor florestal não é constituído apenas por grandes empresas, como as de celulose e papel ou de painéis reconstituídos, mas também por pequenas empresas, muitas das vezes estritamente familiares, como as marcenarias. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a identificação, diagnóstico e caracterização das marcenarias de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais. Delimitaram-se, como objeto de estudo, as empresas de marcenaria da cidade, principalmente, pertencentes ao antigo Núcleo de Marceneiros. Elaborou-se um questionário para buscar informações sobre a madeira utilizada

  7. As Competências Gerenciais Desenvolvidas pelos Secretários Executivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conceição de Maria Pinheiro Barros

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available O profissional de Secretariado Executivo está diretamente envolvido nos processos de gestão da empresa, pois sua atuação se dá em cargos de assessoria a diretores, gerentes, supervisores, assim como em cargos específicos de gestão, como encarregado administrativo, gerente, responsável pelo departamento, coordenador do setor, consultor e tantas outras nomenclaturas existentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar as competências gerenciais na atuação do profissional de Secretariado Executivo. Para o alcance dos objetivos propostos foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico e uma pesquisa de campo. Após a análise dos dados percebeu-se que as competências gerenciais são utilizadas em Secretariado Executivo nas suas diversas responsabilidades, contribuindo para o alcance de objetivos e metas organizacionais por meio do desenvolvimento de atividades que envolvem o gerenciamento, participação no planejamento, na condução e estímulo às pessoas e ao controle. Esse profissional vem superando grandes desafios, ampliando suas competências e seu campo de inserção e contribuindo efetivamente para o bom desempenho organizacional.DOI:10.7769/gesec.v4i2.131

  8. Toxicidade ocular causada pelo tamoxifeno: relato de caso Ocular toxicity caused by tamoxifen: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliane Terumi Inada

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso de toxicidade ocular pelo tamoxifeno. Para isso, aferiu-se a melhor acuidade visual corrigida de ambos os olhos em tabela de Snellen. Foram realizados biomicroscopia do segmento anterior, refração, oftalmoscopia, angiofluoresceinografia e retinografia numa paciente de 63 anos, sexo feminino, cor branca, em uso de tamoxifeno 20 mg/dia há 4 anos, com acuidade visual corrigida de 20/70 e 20/40. A biomicroscopia do segmento anterior apresentava ceratopatia verticilata e catarata nuclear e cortical posterior de 1+/4 em ambos os olhos. À oftalmoscopia, foi verificado alteração do brilho macular de ambos os olhos. E a angiofluoresceinografia mostrou hiperfluorescência na área macular em fase precoce (defeito em janela. Relata-se um caso de ceratopatia e maculopatia causadas pelo tamoxifeno.To report tamoxifen ocular toxicity. The best visual acuity was measured in both eyes with Snellen chart, slit-lamp examination of anterior segment, refraction, dilated fundus examination, fluorescein angiography and retinography in a 63-year-old patient, female, white, using tamoxifen 20 mg/day for 4 years, with 20/70 and 20/40 corrected visual acuity. The anterior segment examination showed corneal linear subepithelial opacity inferior to the visual axis and nuclear and posterior cortical cataract (1+/4 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed alteration of macular color in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography presented hyperfluorescence in the macular area at an early phase (window defect. Report of keratopathy and maculopathy caused by tamoxifen.

  9. A Recepção dos Tratados Internacionais em Matéria Tributária pelo Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro

    OpenAIRE

    Bianca Castellar de Faria

    2006-01-01

    A presente dissertação objetiva analisar a forma de recepção dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, é fundamental verificar a relação entre o direito internacional e o direito interno, por meio da análise das teorias monista e dualista. Apresenta-se o Direito Tributário Internacional como uma das variações do Direito Internacional Público, com o objetivo de introduzir a matéria tributária. Estudam-se os tratados como uma das principa...

  10. Composition-dependent trap distributions in CdSe and InP quantum dots probed using photoluminescence blinking dynamics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chung, Heejae; Cho, Kyung-Sang; Koh, Weon-Kyu; Kim, Dongho; Kim, Jiwon

    2016-07-21

    Although Group II-VI quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention due to their wide range of applications in QD-based devices, the presence of toxic ions in II-VI QDs raises environmental concerns. To fulfill the demands of nontoxic QDs, synthetic routes for III-V QDs have been developed. However, only a few comparative analyses on optical properties of III-V QDs have been performed. In this study, the composition-related energetic trap distributions have been explored by using three different types of core/multishell QDs: CdSe-CdS (CdSe/CdS/ZnS), InP-ZnSe (InP/ZnSe/ZnS), and InP-GaP (InP/GaP/ZnS). It was shown that CdSe-CdS QDs have much larger trap densities than InP-shell QDs at higher energy states (at least 1Eg (band gap energy) above the lowest conduction band edge) based on probability density plots and Auger ionization efficiencies which are determined by analyses of photoluminescence blinking dynamics. This result suggests that the composition of encapsulated QDs is closely associated with the charge trapping processes, and also provides an insight into the development of more environmentally friendly QD-based devices.

  11. Chemical and structural evolution in the Th-SeO3(2-)/SeO4(2-) system: from simple selenites to cluster-based selenate compounds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Bin; Langer, Eike; Dellen, Jakob; Schlenz, Hartmut; Bosbach, Dirk; Suleimanov, Evgeny V; Alekseev, Evgeny V

    2015-03-16

    While extensive success has been gained in the structural chemistry of the U-Se system, the synthesis and characterization of Th-based Se structures are widely unexplored. Here, four new Th-Se compounds, α-Th(SeO3)2, β-Th(SeO3)2, Th(Se2O5)2, and Th3O2(OH)2(SeO4)3, have been obtained from mild hydrothermal or low-temperature (180-220 °C) flux conditions and were subsequently structurally and spectroscopically characterized. The crystal structures of α-Th(SeO3)2 and β-Th(SeO3)2 are based on ThO8 and SeO3 polyhedra, respectively, featuring a three-dimensional (3D) network with selenite anions filling in the Th channels along the a axis. Th(Se2O5)2 is a 3D framework composed of isolated ThO8 polyhedra interconnected by [Se2O5](2-) dimers. Th3O2(OH)2(SeO4)3 is also a 3D framework constructed by octahedral hexathorium clusters [Th6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4](12+), which are interlinked by selenate groups SeO4(2-). The positions of the vibrational modes associated with both Se(IV)O3(2-) and Se(VI)O4(2-) units, respectively, were determined for four compounds, and the Raman spectra of α- and β-Th(SeO3)2 are compared and discussed in detail.

  12. A construção da campanha eleitoral majoritária no HGPE: uma análise comparada das estratégias usadas pelos presidenciáveis de 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michele Goulart Massuchin

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as diferenças na apropriação do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE pelos partidos e candidatos na disputa majoritária à Presidência da República em 2014. A propaganda televisiva é o principal recurso de campanha utilizado em eleições de grande porte, sendo que tanto o conteúdo quanto o formato são relevantes para compreender o modo como a disputa se estrutura. Analisa-se o conteúdo apresentado pelos dois principais candidatos – Dilma Rousseff (PT e Aécio Neves (PSDB – considerando as estratégias, o apelo, os formatos, o tipo de orador e a mensagem geral de campanha. A metodologia utilizada é quantitativa de análise de conteúdo, sendo que este artigo parte de duas hipóteses: a o segundo turno torna-se mais negativo, com maior ênfase na imagem do candidato e com uma campanha mais voltada para as emoções; b a estruturação da campanha dos candidatos se dá de modo diferente, evidenciando características e formatos distintos.

  13. Tendências recentes nos elementos do clima e suas implicações na evapotranspiração da cultura do milho em Viçosa - MG Recent trends in the weather elements and its implications in the maize crop evapotranspiration in Viçosa-MG, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonidas P. de Alencar

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A mudança nas condições climáticas tem gerado grandes preocupações em nível mundial, sendo que uma das grandes questões, neste contexto, é o aquecimento global. As alterações ocorridas nas condições climáticas podem afetar a demanda de água das plantas, porque a evapotranspiração é afetada por mudanças nos elementos climáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos das possíveis mudanças dos elementos do clima na evapotranspiração de referência e na evapotranspiração da cultura do milho para a região de Viçosa - MG. Mediante análise de tendência pelo teste de Mann-Kendall e da estatística do teste t da regressão linear, verificou-se o comportamento dos seguintes elementos climáticos: temperaturas máxima e mínima, insolação, velocidade do vento e umidade relativa. Observou-se uma redução na evapotranspiração de referência e da cultura do milho ao longo dos últimos 41 anos, principalmente em razão da redução da insolação e da velocidade do vento. A evapotranspiração de referência apresentou redução da ordem de 4,2 mm por ano.The change in weather conditions has caused great concern in the world and the major issue, in this context, is the global warming. The changes in climate may affect the water demand of plants, because the evapotranspiration is affected by changes in climatic elements. The objective of this study was to examine the possible effects of climatological changes in evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration of corn in Viçosa - MG, Brazil. Trend analysis by the Mann-Kendall statistic and student t test of the linear regression were used to study the behavior of the following weather elements: maximum and minimum temperatures, sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity. It was observed a reduction in the reference evapotranspiration and maize crop evapotranspiration over the recent past 41 years, mainly because of reduced solar radiation and wind

  14. Different roles of ROS and Nrf2 in Cr(VI)-induced inflammatory responses in normal and Cr(VI)-transformed cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roy, Ram Vinod; Pratheeshkumar, Poyil; Son, Yong-Ok; Wang, Lei [Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536 (United States); Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536 (United States); Hitron, John Andrew [Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536 (United States); Divya, Sasidharan Padmaja; Zhang, Zhuo [Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536 (United States); Shi, Xianglin, E-mail: xshi5@email.uky.edu [Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536 (United States)

    2016-09-15

    Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Cr(VI) has been associated with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The present study shows that acute Cr(VI) treatment in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) increased inflammatory responses (TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-кB/p65) and expression of Nrf2. Cr(VI)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for increased inflammation. Despite the fact that Nrf2 is a master regulator of response to oxidative stress, silencing of Nrf2 in the acute Cr(VI) treatment had no effect on Cr(VI)-induced inflammation. In contrast, in Cr(VI)-transformed (CrT) cells, Nrf2 is constitutively activated. Knock-down of this protein resulted in decreased inflammation, while silencing of SOD2 and CAT had no effect in the expression of these inflammatory proteins. Results obtained from the knock-down of Nrf2 in CrT cells are very different from the results obtained in the acute Cr(VI) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, knock-down of Nrf2 had no effect in the inflammation levels, while in CrT cells a decrease in the expression of inflammation markers was observed. These results indicate that before transformation, ROS plays a critical role while Nrf2 not in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation, whereas after transformation (CrT cells), Nrf2 is constitutively activated and this protein maintains inflammation while ROS not. Constitutively high levels of Nrf2 in CrT binds to the promoter regions of COX-2 and TNF-α, leading to increased inflammation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that before cell transformation ROS are important in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation and after transformation a constitutively high level of Nrf2 is important. - Highlights: • Cr(VI)-induced ROS increased inflammation, while Nrf2 had no effect. • In the CrT cells knock-down of Nrf2 resulted in decreased inflammation. • Mechanistic differences in regulating Cr(VI)-induced inflammation.

  15. Optical investigations and control of spindynamics in Mn doped II-VI quantum dots; Optische Untersuchung und Kontrolle der Spindynamik in Mn dotierten II-VI Quantenpunkten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, Thomas

    2009-05-13

    The present thesis deals with the spin of charge carriers confined in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) closely linked to the polarization of emitted photons. II-VI material systems can be adequately mixed with the B-group element manganese. Such semimagnetic nanostructures offer a number of characteristic optical and electronic features. This is caused by an exchange interaction between the spin of optically excited carriers and the 3d electrons of the Mn ions. Within the framework of this thesis addressing of well defined spin states was realized by optical excitation of charge carriers. The occupation of different spin states was detected by the degree of polarization of the emitted photoluminescence (PL) light. For that purpose different optical methods of time-resolved and time-integrated spectroscopy as well as investigations in magnetic fields were applied. (orig.)

  16. Kinetic investigations of quinoline oxidation by ferrate(VI).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Zhiyong; Li, Xueming; Zhai, Jun

    2016-01-01

    Quinoline is considered as one of the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds and is commonly found in industrial wastewaters, which require treatment before being discharged. Removal of quinoline by the use of an environmentally friendly oxidant, potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4), was assessed by studying the kinetics of the oxidation of quinoline by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) as a function of pH (8.53-10.53) and temperature (21-36°C) in this work. The reaction of quinoline with Fe(VI) was found to be first order in Fe(VI), half order in quinoline, and 1.5 order overall. The observed rate constant at 28°C decreased non-linearly from 0.5334 to 0.2365 M(-0.5) min(-1) with an increase in pH from 8.53 to 10.03. Considering the equilibria of Fe(VI) and quinoline, the reaction between quinoline and Fe(VI) contained two parallel reactions under the given pH conditions. The individual rate constants of these two reactions were determined. The results indicate that the protonated species of Fe(VI) reacts more quickly with quinoline than the deprotonated form of Fe(VI). The reaction activation energy Ea was obtained to be 51.44 kJ·mol(-1), and it was slightly lower than that of conventional chemical reaction. It reveals that the oxidation of quinoline by Fe(VI) is feasible in the routine water treatment.

  17. Resistance, accumulation and transformation of selenium by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 after exposure to inorganic SeVI or SeIV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gouget, B.; Avoscan, L.; Collins, R.; Carriere, M.; Sarret, G.

    2005-01-01

    Our purpose was to investigate the ability of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a photosynthetic prokaryote isolated from fresh water, to resist, incorporate and reduce the oxidized forms of selenium including selenite and selenate, the major selenium species present in aquatic systems. Selenium speciation and the chemical intermediates during selenium transformation were determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The possible internalisation pathways involving selenium and the metabolic fate of selenate and selenite were examined. Selenate metabolism seemed to proceed via the sulfate reduction pathway resulting in the formation of the R-Se-H, R-Se-R and R-Se-Se-R species. The transformation of selenate to toxic amino acids may explain the high sensitivity of Synechocystis to selenate. Several mechanisms of selenium reduction seem to complete during selenite assimilation. A specific mechanism may transform internalised selenite into selenide and, subsequently induce the biosynthesis of selenoproteins. A non-specific mechanism may interfere with thiols, such as glutathione in the cell cytoplasm, or with proteins in the periplasm of the bacteria, notably thioredoxins. Several hypotheses concerning the complex transformation of selenium in Synechocystis could therefore be proposed. (orig.)

  18. A Intervenção Psicopedagógica pelo viés da Gestalt-Terapia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucineide Fernandes Moraes

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo propõe questionamentos e reflexões acerca do atendimento psicopedagógico sob a perspectiva da Gestalt-Terapia. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que o processo de crescimento do ser humano pode ser pautado numa relação integradora com seu ambiente, na medida em que este não lhe for apresentado de maneira hostil e amedrontadora. A prática da psicopedagogia se aplica à aprendizagem, seja ela de caráter individual, grupal ou institucional.  Lembramos que a aprendizagem se inicia desde o primeiro contato do sujeito com o mundo externo e se perpetua por toda a vida, portanto é imprescindível levar em conta os acontecimentos desde a infância à vida adulta, o que nos faz considerar a aprendizagem “ad eterno”. A Gestalt-Terapia muito contribui para esta reflexão, na medida em que traz como pressuposto a concepção de que o homem é um ser-em-relação com o mundo, repleto de potencialidades e capaz de dar sentido à sua existência, a partir de suas percepções e experiências no contato com o mundo. Cabe, portanto, a nós – educadores, pais, adultos e profissionais da saúde – proporcionarmos meios favoráveis a uma interação humana mais produtiva, inclusive no que toca à aprendizagem. The pedagogical intervention the bias of therapy gestaltABSTRACT: This article proposes questions and reflections about the educational psychology service from the perspective of Gestalt Therapy. Our goal is to show that the human growth process can be guided in an inclusive relationship with their environment, to the extent that this is not presented him hostile and frightening way. The practice of educational psychology applies to learning, be it individual, group or institutional character. We remember that learning begins from the first contact of the subject with the outside world and lasts for a lifetime, so it is essential to take account of events from childhood to adulthood, which makes us consider learning "eternal ad

  19. Immunization with the conjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇ against Salmonella typhi induces Vi-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fiorino, Fabio; Ciabattini, Annalisa; Rondini, Simona; Pozzi, Gianni; Martin, Laura B; Medaglini, Donata

    2012-09-21

    Typhoid fever is a public health problem, especially among young children in developing countries. To address this need, a glycoconjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇, composed of the polysaccharide antigen Vi covalently conjugated to the non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin CRM₁₉₇, is under development. Here, we assessed the antibody and cellular responses, both local and systemic, following subcutaneous injection of Vi-CRM₁₉₇. The glycoconjugate elicited Vi-specific serum IgG titers significantly higher than unconjugated Vi, with prevalence of IgG1 that persisted for at least 60 days after immunization. Vi-specific IgG, but not IgA, were present in intestinal washes. Lymphocytes proliferation after restimulation with Vi-CRM₁₉₇ was observed in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. These data confirm the immunogenicity of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ and demonstrate that the vaccine-specific antibody and cellular immune responses are present also in the intestinal tract, thus strengthening the suitability of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ as a promising candidate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Fast Photo-detection in Phototransistors based on Group III-VI Layered Materials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patil, Prasanna; Ghosh, Sujoy; Wasala, Milinda; Lei, Sidong; Vajtai, Robert; Ajayan, Pulickel; Talapatra, Saikat

    Response time of a photo detector is one of the crucial aspect of photo-detection. Recently it has been shown that direct band gap of few layered group III-VI materials helps in increased absorption of light thereby enhancing the photo responsive properties of these materials. Ternary system of Copper Indium Selenide has been extensively used in optoelectronics industry and it is expected that 2D layered structure of Copper Indium Selenide will be a key component of future optoelectronics devices based on 2D materials. Here we report fast photo detection in few layers of Copper Indium Selenide (CuIn7Se11) phototransistor. Few-layers of CuIn7Se11 flakes were exfoliated from crystals grown using chemical vapor transport technique. Our photo response characterization indicates responsivity of 104 mA/W with external quantum efficiency exceeding 103. We have found response time of few μs which is one of the fastest response among photodetectors based on 2D materials. We also found specific detectivity of 1012 Jones which is an order higher than conventional photodetectors. A comparison between response times of various layered group III-VI materials will be presented and discussed. This work is supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through a MURI Grant # W911NF-11-1-0362.

  1. Absorção intestinal de D-xilose em crianças infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PERIN Nilza Medeiros

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos - Avaliar a absorção intestinal em crianças de 18 meses a 14 anos infectadas pelo HIV, atendidas em uma unidade de ambulatório e verificar se existe associação entre má absorção, diarréia, estado nutricional, alteração imunológica, parasitas entéricos clássicos e Cryptosporidium. Metodologia - A absorção intestinal foi investigada utilizando-se a medida da D-xilose sérica. Amostras fecais foram colhidas para a pesquisa de pátogenos entéricos clássicos e Cryptosporidium. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado considerando a prevalência de 30% com precisão de 5% de alteração na absorção da D-xilose em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. Os procedimentos estatísticos utilizados foram: medidas descritivas, análise de correspondência múltipla e regressão logística. Resultados - Das 104 crianças estudadas, somente 8 (7,7% apresentaram o teste da D-xilose alterado e 33 (31,73% foram positivas para Cryptosporidium. A análise de correspondência múltipla aplicada aos dados encontrados sugeriu a associação entre o teste da D-xilose alterado e a presença de Cryptosporidium. Não se encontrou associação entre o teste alterado e diarréia, estado nutricional, alteração imunológica e parasistas entéricos clássicos. Conclusões - A má absorção intestinal avaliada pelo teste da D-xilose foi infreqüente nas crianças HIV positivas estudadas. O comprometimento intestinal, quando presente, parece estar relacionado com a presença de Cryptosporidium, porém não com diarréia, estado nutricional, alteração imunológica e parasistas entéricos clássicos.

  2. Electrochemical alkaline Fe(VI) water purification and remediation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Licht, Stuart; Yu, Xingwen

    2005-10-15

    Fe(VI) is an unusual and strongly oxidizing form of iron, which provides a potentially less hazardous water-purifying agent than chlorine. A novel on-line electrochemical Fe(VI) water purification methodology is introduced. Fe(VI) addition had been a barrier to its effective use in water remediation, because solid Fe(VI) salts require complex (costly) syntheses steps and solutions of Fe(VI) decompose. Online electrochemical Fe(VI) water purification avoids these limitations, in which Fe(VI) is directly prepared in solution from an iron anode as the FeO42- ion, and is added to the contaminant stream. Added FeO42- decomposes, by oxidizing a wide range of water contaminants including sulfides (demonstrated in this study) and other sulfur-containing compounds, cyanides (demonstrated in this study), arsenic (demonstrated in this study), ammonia and other nitrogen-containing compounds (previously demonstrated), a wide range of organics (phenol demonstrated in this study), algae, and viruses (each previously demonstrated).

  3. Papel del colágeno VI en la homeostasis del músculo esquelético y tejido adiposo: implicaciones en la patofisiología de las distrofias musculares

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez García, Mª Ángeles

    2016-01-01

    [spa] El colágeno VI es una proteína de la matriz extracelular cuyos defectos conducen a una variedad de trastornos musculares en humanos caracterizados por una debilidad muscular entre otros múltiples síntomas. Tanto el colágeno VI, como su fragmento soluble carboxilo terminal llamado endotrofina se encuentran altamente expresados en los dos principales tejidos periféricos que regulan la glucemia, el músculo esquelético y tejido adiposo. Los niveles de ARNm de colágeno VI en el tejido adipos...

  4. Electronic structure, fluorescence and photochemistry of the uranyl ion, and comparison with octahedral uranium (VI), ruthenyl (VI), rhenium (V) and osmium (VI) complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Joergensen, C K [Geneva Univ. (Switzerland)

    1977-01-01

    The highly anisotropic uranyl complexes (with very short U-O distances and very long distances to the ligating atoms in the equatorial plane) are compared with trans-dioxo complexes of 4d/sup 2/Ru(VI) and 5d/sup 2/Re(V) and Os(VI). A major difference is the low-lying empty 5f orbitals, and the first excited state is highly oxidizing, and sufficiently long-lived to abstract hydrogen atoms from most organic molecules. It is argued that even the low concentrations of uranyl carbonate present in sea water is excited by solar radiation roughly every 10 minutes. Octahedral U(VI)O/sub 6/ in perovskites and UF/sub 6/ are also discussed, as well as trans-lawrencium chemistry.

  5. Tratamento da criptococose do sistema nervoso pelo Amphotericin B

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dante Giorgi

    1959-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem a evolução dos conhecimentos sôbre a meningoen-cefalite produzida pelo Criptococcus neoformans, analisando as dificuldades anteriormente havidas para o diagnóstico em vida, as quais foram superadas depois que se usou rotineiramente a pesquisa do cogumelo no LCR pelo método de coloração de tinta da China e pela cultura. Assinalam, a seguir, o aparecimento do Amphotericin B, novo antibiótico fungicida que veio modificar o prognóstico desta afecção. Apresentam sua experiência com 14 casos de meningite por criptococos diagnosticados em vida e referem pormenorizadamente 2 casos tratados com o Amphotericin B. O primeiro, de paciente portadora desta afecção, evoluindo de maneira crônica, com períodos de exacerbação que melhoram nitidamente com o Amphotericin B e que está com uma sobrevida de 20 meses. O segundo, de paciente portadora de forma aguda desta afecção que teve cura clínica e está com LCR absolutamente normal, com seguimento de 11 meses. Em ambos os casos foi usada a via endovenosa, sendo feitas séries de 10 injeções, cada uma de 50 mg de Amphotericin B em 500 ml de sôro glicosado a 5%. No primeiro caso foram feitas 4 séries e no segundo apenas duas. Não foram registradas reações colaterais de importância. Os autores terminam considerando o Amphotericin B como um elemento que veio tornar muito mais favorável o prognóstico desta afecção até então mortal.

  6. Efecto in vitro del cromo (VI) sobre un biomarcador tumoral p53 y daño al ADN en hepatocitos murinos

    OpenAIRE

    Delgado Sarmiento, Pavel; Vera Gonzales, Corina; Arenas Chávez, Carlos

    2013-01-01

    El cromo es un metal pesado de uso múltiple en las diferentes especialidades que abarca la ciencia y tecnología en el mundo. Sin embargo, el cromo (VI) provoca daños en el ser humano por ingestión en dosis concentradas; produciendo anomalías en diferentes tipos de células; lo cual ha sido reportado por el Organismo Panamericano de Salud y Organismo Mundial de la Salud. En el presente trabajo se plantea el estudio de los efectos del cromo (VI) in vitro en hepatocitos murinos, los cuales fueron...

  7. Biosorption of Cr(VI) by coconut coir: Spectroscopic investigation on the reaction mechanism of Cr(VI) with lignocellulosic material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shen, Ying-Shuian; Wang, Shan-Li; Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen; Tzou, Yu-Min; Huang, Jang-Hung

    2010-01-01

    In this study, the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) from water by coconut coir (CC) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that, upon reaction with CC at pH 3, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which was either bound to CC or released back into solution. As revealed by the FTIR spectra of CC before and after reacting with Cr(VI), the phenolic methoxyl and hydroxyl groups of lignin in CC are the dominant drivers of Cr(VI) reduction, giving rise to carbonyl and carboxyl groups on CC. These functional groups can subsequently provide binding sites for Cr(III) resulting from Cr(VI) reduction. In conjunction with forming complexes with carbonyl and carboxyl groups, the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide precipitate could also readily occur as revealed by the linear combination fitting of the Cr K-edge XANES spectrum using a set of reference compounds. The phenolic groups in lignin are responsible for initiating Cr(VI) reduction, so lignocellulosic materials containing a higher amount of phenolic groups are expected to be more effective scavengers for removal of Cr(VI) from the environment.

  8. Biosorption of Cr(VI) by coconut coir: Spectroscopic investigation on the reaction mechanism of Cr(VI) with lignocellulosic material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shen, Ying-Shuian [Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Wang, Shan-Li, E-mail: slwang@nchu.edu.tw [Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen [Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Department of Science Application and Dissemination, National Taichung University, Taichung, Taiwan (China); Tzou, Yu-Min; Huang, Jang-Hung [Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China)

    2010-07-15

    In this study, the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) from water by coconut coir (CC) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that, upon reaction with CC at pH 3, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which was either bound to CC or released back into solution. As revealed by the FTIR spectra of CC before and after reacting with Cr(VI), the phenolic methoxyl and hydroxyl groups of lignin in CC are the dominant drivers of Cr(VI) reduction, giving rise to carbonyl and carboxyl groups on CC. These functional groups can subsequently provide binding sites for Cr(III) resulting from Cr(VI) reduction. In conjunction with forming complexes with carbonyl and carboxyl groups, the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide precipitate could also readily occur as revealed by the linear combination fitting of the Cr K-edge XANES spectrum using a set of reference compounds. The phenolic groups in lignin are responsible for initiating Cr(VI) reduction, so lignocellulosic materials containing a higher amount of phenolic groups are expected to be more effective scavengers for removal of Cr(VI) from the environment.

  9. Biosorption of Cr(VI) by coconut coir: spectroscopic investigation on the reaction mechanism of Cr(VI) with lignocellulosic material.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Ying-Shuian; Wang, Shan-Li; Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen; Tzou, Yu-Min; Huang, Jang-Hung

    2010-07-15

    In this study, the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) from water by coconut coir (CC) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that, upon reaction with CC at pH 3, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which was either bound to CC or released back into solution. As revealed by the FTIR spectra of CC before and after reacting with Cr(VI), the phenolic methoxyl and hydroxyl groups of lignin in CC are the dominant drivers of Cr(VI) reduction, giving rise to carbonyl and carboxyl groups on CC. These functional groups can subsequently provide binding sites for Cr(III) resulting from Cr(VI) reduction. In conjunction with forming complexes with carbonyl and carboxyl groups, the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide precipitate could also readily occur as revealed by the linear combination fitting of the Cr K-edge XANES spectrum using a set of reference compounds. The phenolic groups in lignin are responsible for initiating Cr(VI) reduction, so lignocellulosic materials containing a higher amount of phenolic groups are expected to be more effective scavengers for removal of Cr(VI) from the environment. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. The new concept of hyphenated analytical system: Simultaneous determination of inorganic arsenic(III), arsenic(V), selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-(fast sequential) atomic absorption spectrometry during single analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niedzielski, P.

    2005-01-01

    The paper presents a new conception of determination of inorganic speciation forms of arsenic: As(III) and As(V) as well selenium Se(IV) and Se(VI) by means of the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a detection by the atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation (HPLC-HG-AAS). The application of optimization procedure conditions of chromatographic separation of arsenic and selenium speciation forms (using anion-exchange Supelco LC-SAX1 column and phosphate buffer at pH 5.40 as a mobile phase) as well as the use of the atomic absorption spectrometry as a detector, which enables work in fast sequential mode, allowed to develop original detection methodology of simultaneous determination of arsenic As(III), As(V) and selenium Se(IV) and Se(VI) speciation forms within a 220 s single analysis. The obtained detection limits were 7.8 ng mL -1 for As(III); 12.0 ng mL -1 for As(V); 2.4 ng mL -1 for Se(IV) and 18.6 ng mL -1 for Se(VI) and precision 10.5%, 12.1%, 14.2% and 17.3%, respectively, for 100 ng mL -1 . The described method was used for ground water analysis

  11. Power Scaling Feasibility or Chromium-Doped II-VI Laser Sources and the Demonstration of a Chromium-Doped Zinc Selenide Face-Cooled Disk Laser

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    McKay, Jason

    2002-01-01

    ...+:ZnSe disk laser design that can produce sufficient output power. Cr2+:II-VI laser materials are found to be susceptible to overheating and thermal lensing, but are otherwise satisfactory laser materials...

  12. Isolation of a star-shaped uranium(V/VI) cluster from the anaerobic photochemical reduction of uranyl(VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatelain, Lucile; White, Sarah; Scopelliti, Rosario; Mazzanti, Marinella

    2016-01-01

    Actinide oxo clusters are an important class of compounds due to their impact on actinide migration in the environment. The photolytic reduction of uranyl(VI) has potential application in catalysis and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, but the intermediate species involved in this reduction have not yet been elucidated. Here we show that the photolysis of partially hydrated uranyl(VI) in anaerobic conditions leads to the reduction of uranyl(VI), and to the incorporation of the resulting U V species into the stable mixed-valent star-shaped U VI /U V oxo cluster [U(UO 2 ) 5 (μ 3 -O) 5 (PhCOO) 5 (Py) 7 ]. This cluster is only the second example of a U VI /U V cluster and the first one associating uranyl groups to a non-uranyl(V) center. The U V center in 1 is stable, while the reaction of uranyl(V) iodide with potassium benzoate leads to immediate disproportionation and formation of the U 12 IV U 4 V O 24 cluster {[K(Py) 2 ] 2 [K(Py)] 2 [U 16 O 24 (PhCOO) 24 (Py) 2 ]}.

  13. Comparison of U(VI) adsorption onto nanoscale zero-valent iron and red soil in the presence of U(VI)–CO_3/Ca–U(VI)–CO_3 complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Zhibin; Liu, Jun; Cao, Xiaohong; Luo, Xuanping; Hua, Rong; Liu, Yan; Yu, Xiaofeng; He, Likai

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • NZVI can be used for adsorbing U(VI)–CO_3 complexes. • Use of NZVI is feasible for remediation of uranium-contaminated soils. • The mechanism of U(VI)–CO_3 complexes adsorbing onto NZVI has been explained. - Abstract: The influence of U(VI)–CO_3 and Ca–U(VI)–CO_3 complexes on U(VI) adsorption onto red soil and nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was investigated using batch adsorption and fixed-bed column experiments to simulate the feasibility of NZVI as the reactive medium in permeable- reactive barriers (PRB) for in situ remediation of uranium-contaminated red soils. The adsorption capacity (q_e) and distribution constant (K_d) of NZVI and red soil decreased with increasing pH, dissolved carbonate and calcium concentrations, but the q_e and K_d values of NZVI were 5–10 times higher than those of red soil. The breakthrough pore volume (PV) values increased with the decrease of pH, dissolved carbonate and calcium concentration; however, the breakthrough PV values of the PRB column filled with 5% NZVI were 2.0–3.5 times higher than the 100% red soil column. The U(VI)–CO_3 complexes adsorbed onto the surface of red soil/NZVI (≡SOH) to form SO–UO_2CO_3"− or SO–UO_2 (CO_3)_2"3"−. XPS and XRD analysis further confirmed the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) and the formation of FeOOH on NZVI surfaces. The findings of this study are significant to the remediation of uranium-contaminated red soils and the consideration of practical U(VI) species in the natural environment.

  14. The protection of the contributive capacity of taxes by the international human rights A proteção da capacidade contributiva tributária pelos direitos humanos internacionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Érico Hack

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available This article analyses the principle of contributive capacity applied to the tax payment, and its protection by the regional systems of human rights. At first, the principle is analysed, as well as the limits imposed by it, pointing the tax payer´s rights that derivate from it. Then, it show how the human rights conventions protect this principle and the limits to the taxation.Este artigo analisa o princípio da capacidade contributiva que deve reger a tributação e sua proteção pelos sistemas regionais dos direitos humanos. Inicialmente analisa-se o princípio e seus limites, apontando os direitos dos contribuintes que surgem dele. Após, analisa-se de que forma tal princípio e os limites respectivos são protegidos pelos sistemas regionais de proteção aos direitos humanos.

  15. El espacio ciudadano: integración/exclusión en el imaginario y la realidad ateniense del siglo VI a.c.

    OpenAIRE

    Valdés Guía, Miriam

    2003-01-01

    RESUMEN: El s. VI en Atenas es un momento crucial para la definición y delimitación ciudadana que se realiza al mismo tiempo que una separación tajante entre esclavos-mercancía y ciudadanos. Las medidas legislativas de Solón en este sentido se ven refrendadas, también en época de los pisistrátidas, por una organización y jerarquización del espacio de la ciudad, especialmente el agora (marcada por rituales purificatorios de entrada a la misma) y los gimnasios. Asimismo se produce y se busca en...

  16. BIOADSORCIÓN DE CROMO (VI EN SOLUCIÓN ACUOSA POR LA BIOMASA DE AMARANTO (Amaranthus caudatus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Rodríguez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la capacidad de remoción de Cromo (VI en solución acuosa por la biomasa de Amaranto, por el método de la d ifenilcarbazida. La mayor bioadsorción (100% con 100 mg/L del metal fue a las 4 horas, a pH de 1.0, 28 o C y 5 g de biomasa . Con respecto a la temperatura, la más alta remoción fue a los 60 o C, con un 100% de remoción a los 75 minutos. A las concentraciones de Cromo (VI analizadas, la biomasa natural mostró una excelente capacidad de remoción, además de que re mueve eficientemente el metal in situ (72% y 63% de remoción en tierra y agua contaminadas, a los 7 días de incubación con 2 5 g de la biomasa . Los resultados muestran que el biosorbente utilizado remueve Cr(VI , de aguas residuales industriales , satisfact oriamente .

  17. Reactivity of nitrido complexes of ruthenium(VI), osmium(VI), and manganese(V) bearing Schiff base and simple anionic ligands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Man, Wai-Lun; Lam, William W Y; Lau, Tai-Chu

    2014-02-18

    Nitrido complexes (M≡N) may be key intermediates in chemical and biological nitrogen fixation and serve as useful reagents for nitrogenation of organic compounds. Osmium(VI) nitrido complexes bearing 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (terpy), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), or hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate anion (Tp) ligands are highly electrophilic: they can react with a variety of nucleophiles to generate novel osmium(IV)/(V) complexes. This Account describes our recent results studying the reactivity of nitridocomplexes of ruthenium(VI), osmium(VI), and manganese(V) that bear Schiff bases and other simple anionic ligands. We demonstrate that these nitrido complexes exhibit rich chemical reactivity. They react with various nucleophiles, activate C-H bonds, undergo N···N coupling, catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds, and show anticancer activities. Ruthenium(VI) nitrido complexes bearing Schiff base ligands, such as [Ru(VI)(N)(salchda)(CH3OH)](+) (salchda = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)o-cyclohexyldiamine dianion), are highly electrophilic. This complex reacts readily at ambient conditions with a variety of nucleophiles at rates that are much faster than similar reactions using Os(VI)≡N. This complex also carries out unique reactions, including the direct aziridination of alkenes, C-H bond activation of alkanes and C-N bond cleavage of anilines. The addition of ligands such as pyridine can enhance the reactivity of [Ru(VI)(N)(salchda)(CH3OH)](+). Therefore researchers can tune the reactivity of Ru≡N by adding a ligand L trans to nitride: L-Ru≡N. Moreover, the addition of various nucleophiles (Nu) to Ru(VI)≡N initially generate the ruthenium(IV) imido species Ru(IV)-N(Nu), a new class of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reagents. Nucleophiles also readily add to coordinated Schiff base ligands in Os(VI)≡N and Ru(VI)≡N complexes. These additions are often stereospecific, suggesting that the nitrido ligand has a directing effect on the incoming nucleophile. M≡N is also

  18. Cálculo de economías de escala y curvas de aprendizaje con el programa ViSta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-Romero, A.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available La enseñanza de la Economía desde un enfoque tradicional se basa en el desarrollo de conceptos teóricos. La posibilidad de complementarla mediante ejemplos resulta cada vez más factible debido al desarrollo de las herramientas informáticas. En este trabajo se propone una metodología dual en la que los desarrollos teóricos se muestran mediante ejemplos con datos reales. Para ello se ha elegido el estudio de las Economías de escala y las curvas de aprendizaje propuesto por Berndt (1991. El paquete estadístico empleado ha sido ViSta, elegido por su facilidad de uso y accesibilidad, así como por la buena calidad de los gráficos que proporciona, lo que ayuda a la interpretación de los resultados que se obtienen.

  19. Mechanisms of chromium (VI)-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quinteros, Fernanda A; Machiavelli, Leticia I; Miler, Eliana A; Cabilla, Jimena P; Duvilanski, Beatriz H

    2008-07-30

    Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a highly toxic metal. Exposure to Cr (VI) compounds may affect reproductive functions. Due to the importance of anterior pituitary hormones on reproductive physiology we have studied the effects of Cr (VI) on anterior pituitary. We previously demonstrated that, after in vivo Cr (VI) administration, Cr accumulates in the pituitary gland and affects prolactin secretion. In vitro, Cr (VI) causes apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells due to oxidative stress generation. To better understand the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis we studied: (a) whether Cr (VI) affects the intracellular antioxidant response and (b) which of the apoptotic factors participates in Cr (VI) effect. Our results show that Cr (VI) treatment induces a decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity but does not modify glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Cr (VI) exposure causes an increase of GSH levels. p53 and Bax mRNA are also upregulated by the metal. Pifithrin alpha, a p53 transcriptional inhibitor, increases Cr (VI) cytotoxicity, suggesting a role of p53 as a survival molecule. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could prevent Bax mRNA increase and caspase 3 activation, confirming that Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis involves oxidative stress generation.

  20. A inibição da vida pelo jurídico e a proposta de Agamben de desativação do direito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Nery da Cruz

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available A proposta desta pesquisa é esclarecer como Agamben discute sua filosofia política tendo como base a ideia de “forma-de-vida” enraizada nos propósitos da política contemporânea por meio dos dispositivos que capturam a vida humana. A relação entre regra e vida, usada pelos monges para a organização do monacato é escavada a fim de compreender a principal preocupação monástica que é a construção da própria vida como uma liturgia integral. No intuito de construir uma hermenêutica da racionalidade política, ético-jurídica da modernidade, Agamben arquiteta a estrutura de sua análise na distinção entre regra e vida e ao mesmo tempo na confusão que os dois conceitos apresentam e qual o limiar do direito comum na legalização da vida. Para Agamben a forma – de – vida se constitui como forma além do direito, a vida que se regula pelo direito conseguiu dar-se um modo próprio de viver, senão que está formatada pela norma, a lei ou a exceção. Em todos os casos, o direito inibe a vida, a verdadeira vida se vive além do direito.  Essa é a tese defendida por Agamben. Eis nosso objeto de investigação.

  1. First-principles study of bandgap tuning in Ge1-xPbxSe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lohani, Himanshu

    2018-03-01

    Narrow bandgap and its tuning are important aspects of materials for their technological applications. In this context group IV-VI semiconductors are one of the interesting candidates. In this paper, we explore the possibility of bandgap tuning in one of the family member of this family GeSe by using isoelectronic Pb doping. Our study is first-principles based electronic structure calculations of Ge1-xPbxSe. This study reveals that the Ge-p and Se-p states are strongly hybridized in GeSe and shows a gap in the DOS at Ef in GeSe. This gap reduces systematically with simultaneous enhancement of the states in the near Ef region as a function of Pb doping. This leads tuning of the indirect bandgap in GeSe via Pb doping. The results of the indirect bandgap decrement are consistent with the experimental findings. We propose a mechanism where the electrostatic effect of dopant Pb cation could be responsible for these changes in the electronic structure of GeSe.

  2. Emissions of chromium (VI) from arc welding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heung, William; Yun, Myoung-Jin; Chang, Daniel P Y; Green, Peter G; Halm, Chris

    2007-02-01

    The presence of Cr in the +6 oxidation state (Cr[VI]) is still observed in ambient air samples in California despite steps taken to reduce emissions from plating operations. One known source of emission of Cr(VI) is welding, especially with high Cr-content materials, such as stainless steels. An experimental effort was undertaken to expand and update Cr(VI) emission factors by conducting tests on four types of arc-welding operations: gas-metal arc welding (GMAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), fluxcore arc welding, and pulsed GMAW. Standard American Welding Society hood results were compared with a total enclosure method that permitted isokinetic sampling for particle size-cut measurement, as well as total collection of the aerosol. The fraction of Cr(VI) emitted per unit mass of Cr electrode consumed was determined. Consistent with AP-42 data, initial results indicate that a significant fraction of the total Cr in the aerosol is in the +6 oxidation state. The fraction of Cr(VI) and total aerosol mass produced by the different arc welding methods varies with the type of welding process used. Self-shielded electrodes that do not use a shield gas, for example, SMAW, produce greater amounts of Cr(VI) per unit mass of electrode consumed. The formation of Cr(VI) from standard electrode wires used for welding mild steel was below the method detection limit after eliminating an artifact in the analytical method used.

  3. Core-Shell Zn x Cd1- x Se/Zn y Cd1- y Se Quantum Dots for Nonvolatile Memory and Electroluminescent Device Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Amoody, Fuad; Suarez, Ernesto; Rodriguez, Angel; Heller, E.; Huang, Wenli; Jain, F.

    2011-08-01

    This paper presents a floating quantum dot (QD) gate nonvolatile memory device using high-energy-gap Zn y Cd1- y Se-cladded Zn x Cd1- x Se quantum dots ( y > x) with tunneling layers comprising nearly lattice-matched semiconductors (e.g., ZnS/ZnMgS) on Si channels. Also presented is the fabrication of an electroluminescent (EL) device with embedded cladded ZnCdSe quantum dots. These ZnCdSe quantum dots were embedded between indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass and a top Schottky metal electrode deposited on a thin CsF barrier. These QDs, which were nucleated in a photo-assisted microwave plasma (PMP) metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor, were grown between the source and drain regions on a p-type silicon substrate of the nonvolatile memory device. The composition of QD cladding, which relates to the value of y in Zn y Cd1- y Se, was engineered by the intensity of ultraviolet light, which controlled the incorporation of zinc in ZnCdSe. The QD quality is comparable to those deposited by other methods. Characteristics and modeling of the II-VI quantum dots as well as two diverse types of devices are presented in this paper.

  4. Complicações neurológicas no decurso de tratamento pelo ACTH: A propósito de um caso de agnosia visual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. Freitas Julião

    1953-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores relatam a observação de um menino de 8 anos de idade, portador de síndrome nefrótica tratada pelo ACTH e que apresentou uma série de graves distúrbios neurológicos conseqüentes a uma crise hipertensiva (a pressão arterial elevou-se a 220-130 mm Hg, ocorrida por ocasião desse tratamento. Manifestando-se inicialmente por cefaléia intensa, depois por crise convulsiva generalizada, à qual se seguiu estado comatoso e posteriormente síndrome confusional, a encefalopatía hipertensiva condicionou, como seqüelas neurológicas mais importantes, distúrbios visuais. Êstes, que se apresentaram, a princípio, sob a forma de amaurose total, assumiram depois o aspecto de distúrbios da percepção, tipo agnóstico, persistentes ainda hoje. A agnosia visual refere-se aos objetos, pessoas, figuras simbólicas e côres.

  5. Dispersion of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility in ZnTe, ZnSe, and ZnS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wagner, Hans Peter; Kühnelt, M.; Langbein, Wolfgang Werner

    1998-01-01

    We have measured the absolute values of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient \\d\\ for the zinc-blende II-VI semiconductors ZnTe, ZnSe, and ZnS at room temperature. The investigated spectral region of the fundamental radiation lambda(F) ranges from 520 to 1321 nm using various pulsed...

  6. Fatores de satisfação e insatisfação entre os pacientes assistidos pelo SUS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Ribeiro dos Santos

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de identificar os fatores que causam satisfação ou insatisfação nos pacientes internos em hospitais conveniados com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, com base na assistência prestada durante o período de internação. A amostra foi constituída de cento e setenta pacientes. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário com quarenta e sete questões fechadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram diversos aspectos que comprometem a qualidade do serviço prestado, tais como: serviço médico, nutrição, enfermagem e o ambiente. Assim, conclui-se que há insatisfação nos pacientes em relação aos serviços oferecidos pelo SUS.

  7. Arborização viária urbana: espécies de pequeno porte com potencial de uso.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luzia Ferreira Da Silva

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available A escolha de espécies apropriadas é um dos pontos mais importantes para os profissionais que trabalham com arborização viária urbana. Com esse objetivo desenvolveu-se um estudo no Arboreto do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, onde foram observadas a morfologia e a fenologia de 22 espécies no período de outubro de 2000 a outubro de 2002, num total de 66 indivíduos que apresentavam tronco sem espinhos e copas arredondadas ou ovaladas. As fenofases analisadas foram floração, frutificação, brotação e abscisão foliar. A maioria apresentou floração longa (mais de quatro meses com flores vistosas no período primavera-verão. Cordia sebestena, Kielmeyera excelsa, Saraca indica, Lonchocarpus filipes, Metternichia princeps estão entre as que apresentaram grande potencial, por serem as que mais se aproximaram ao padrão desejado para a arborização viária urbana.

  8. Vi-da: vitiligo diagnostic assistance mobile application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nugraha, G. A.; Nurhudatiana, A.; Bahana, R.

    2018-03-01

    Vitiligo is a skin disorder in which white patches of depigmentation appear on different parts of the body. Usually, patients come to hospitals or clinics to have their vitiligo conditions assessed. This can be very tiring to the patients, as vitiligo treatments usually take a relatively long period of time, which can range from months to years. To address this challenge, we present in this paper a prototype of an Android-based mobile application called Vi-DA, which stands for Vitiligo Diagnostic Assistance. Vi-DA consists of three subsystems, which are user sign-up subsystem, camera and image analysis subsystem, and progress report subsystem. The mobile application was developed in Java programming language and uses MySQL as the database system. Vi-DA adopts a vitiligo segmentation algorithm to segment input image into normal skin area, vitiligo skin area, and non-skin area. Results showed that Vi-DA gave comparable results to the previous system implemented in Matlab. User acceptance testing results also showed that all respondents agreed on the usefulness of the system and agreed to use Vi-DA again in the future. Vi-DA benefits both dermatologists and patients as not only a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool but also as a smart application that can be used for self-assessment at home.

  9. Avaliação de frangos de corte utilizando técnicas de análise multivariada: I - Características de carcaça

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fonseca R.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram utilizadas técnicas de análise multivariada para comparar dois híbridos obtidos de linhas de frango de corte desenvolvidas pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa com dois híbridos comerciais. As características avaliadas foram: peso ao abate (PAB, peso da carcaça (PC, peso do peito (PP, peso da contra-coxa (PCC, peso da coxa (PCX e rendimento de carcaça (RCA. A análise de variância multivariada indicou diferença significativa entre os vetores de médias das características. Pelo teste de Roy, observou-se que para PC e PP os produtos comerciais foram superiores e para PCX e RCA não houve diferenças significativas entre os produtos comercias e os cruzamentos. Quanto à função discriminante linear de Fisher, observou-se superioridade significativa dos produtos comerciais pelo teste de Roy.

  10. Estimulação cognitiva para idoso com Doença de Alzheimer realizada pelo cuidador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiara Joanna Peçanha da Cruz

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivo:conhecer a influência da estimulação cognitiva no domicílio, realizada pelo cuidador de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer.Método:realizado estudo de caso com cinco idosos com Doença de Alzheimer e seus cuidadores. As etapas de desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram: orientação aos cuidadores, seleção dos idosos e cuidadores; abordagem dos sujeitos no domicílio, encontros semanais e reaplicação dos testes para acompanhamento da função cognitiva do idoso.Resultados:no período de três meses foi possível identifi car melhora da cognição, verificada pelo resultado do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM. Os demais testes (KATZ, LAWTON, TDR e TFV mantiveram os escores iniciais.Conclusões:esta estratégia pode ser considerada uma tecnologia leve do cuidado de enfermagem para idosos com demência. Quando o cuidador realiza este cuidado, após o suporte do enfermeiro, sente-se menos ansioso e com maior compreensão da doença.

  11. ViA: a perceptual visualization assistant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Healey, Chris G.; St. Amant, Robert; Elhaddad, Mahmoud S.

    2000-05-01

    This paper describes an automated visualized assistant called ViA. ViA is designed to help users construct perceptually optical visualizations to represent, explore, and analyze large, complex, multidimensional datasets. We have approached this problem by studying what is known about the control of human visual attention. By harnessing the low-level human visual system, we can support our dual goals of rapid and accurate visualization. Perceptual guidelines that we have built using psychophysical experiments form the basis for ViA. ViA uses modified mixed-initiative planning algorithms from artificial intelligence to search of perceptually optical data attribute to visual feature mappings. Our perceptual guidelines are integrated into evaluation engines that provide evaluation weights for a given data-feature mapping, and hints on how that mapping might be improved. ViA begins by asking users a set of simple questions about their dataset and the analysis tasks they want to perform. Answers to these questions are used in combination with the evaluation engines to identify and intelligently pursue promising data-feature mappings. The result is an automatically-generated set of mappings that are perceptually salient, but that also respect the context of the dataset and users' preferences about how they want to visualize their data.

  12. Fuerzas Militares de Colombia Ejército Nacional VI División El Conflicto Armado en las Regiones

    OpenAIRE

    Ceballos Bedoya, Edinson; Murillo, Andrés Alfonso; Gutiérrez Osorio, Virna; Muñoz Henao, Ana María; Ferreira Morett, Alicia Stefania; Melo Rodríguez, Fabio Álvaro

    2017-01-01

    El propósito central de este documento de investigación es describir la manera como que se desarrolló el conflicto armado en la región que comprende los departamentos de Caquetá, Putumayo y Amazonas, desde la perspectiva del contexto operacional que debió enfrentar el Ejército Nacional en el periodo 1958-2012. Dicho territorio es la jurisdicción de la actual VI División con sede en Florencia y fue uno de los escenarios en donde el conflicto armado se desarrolló con mayor intensidad, especialm...

  13. Comparison of U(VI) adsorption onto nanoscale zero-valent iron and red soil in the presence of U(VI)–CO{sub 3}/Ca–U(VI)–CO{sub 3} complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Zhibin [Key Laboratory of Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Fundamental Science for National Defense, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330013 (China); Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences Department, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); Liu, Jun [State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330013 (China); Cao, Xiaohong, E-mail: xhcao@ecit.cn [Key Laboratory of Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Fundamental Science for National Defense, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330013 (China); Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences Department, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); Luo, Xuanping [Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences Department, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); Hua, Rong; Liu, Yan [Key Laboratory of Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Fundamental Science for National Defense, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330013 (China); Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences Department, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); Yu, Xiaofeng; He, Likai [Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences Department, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 (China); and others

    2015-12-30

    Highlights: • NZVI can be used for adsorbing U(VI)–CO{sub 3} complexes. • Use of NZVI is feasible for remediation of uranium-contaminated soils. • The mechanism of U(VI)–CO{sub 3} complexes adsorbing onto NZVI has been explained. - Abstract: The influence of U(VI)–CO{sub 3} and Ca–U(VI)–CO{sub 3} complexes on U(VI) adsorption onto red soil and nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was investigated using batch adsorption and fixed-bed column experiments to simulate the feasibility of NZVI as the reactive medium in permeable- reactive barriers (PRB) for in situ remediation of uranium-contaminated red soils. The adsorption capacity (q{sub e}) and distribution constant (K{sub d}) of NZVI and red soil decreased with increasing pH, dissolved carbonate and calcium concentrations, but the q{sub e} and K{sub d} values of NZVI were 5–10 times higher than those of red soil. The breakthrough pore volume (PV) values increased with the decrease of pH, dissolved carbonate and calcium concentration; however, the breakthrough PV values of the PRB column filled with 5% NZVI were 2.0–3.5 times higher than the 100% red soil column. The U(VI)–CO{sub 3} complexes adsorbed onto the surface of red soil/NZVI (≡SOH) to form SO–UO{sub 2}CO{sub 3}{sup −} or SO–UO{sub 2} (CO{sub 3}){sub 2}{sup 3−}. XPS and XRD analysis further confirmed the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) and the formation of FeOOH on NZVI surfaces. The findings of this study are significant to the remediation of uranium-contaminated red soils and the consideration of practical U(VI) species in the natural environment.

  14. Corpos estranhos caminham pelo corpo em direção ao coração? Do foreign bodies migrate through the body towards the heart?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rui Celso Martins Mamede

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available A fixação dos CE, principalmente os pontiagudos, favorece a migração pelo corpo, gerando a expressão popular: "os CEs caminham pelo corpo em direção ao coração". OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos envolvidos na migração do CE e a forma de diagnosticá-los. METODOLOGIA: Numa população de 3.000 casos de corpos estranhos, em 40 anos, foram analisados quatro que tiveram deslocamento extraluminal. Foram tomados os dados clínicos, radiológicos, endoscópicos e ultrassonográficos coletadas no serviço de documentação médica. RESULTADOS: São apresentadas três histórias clínicas em que o CE era de espinha de peixe e uma de cartilagem de peixe. Em todos se analisou o deslocamento. Em dois a migração se iniciou no esôfago, um para a aorta e outro para a região cervical e nos dois outros, o deslocamento ocorreu a partir da faringe: um para a fáscia pré-vertebral e outro se exteriorizou na região submandibular. Discutem os mecanismos pelos quais ocorre a migração dos CEs pelo corpo e os riscos que tais deslocamentos promovem para o paciente e a forma de diagnosticá-los. CONCLUSÕES: Os CE podem caminhar pelo corpo, porém não para o coração. Em casos de histórias arrastadas de ingestão de CEs, o estudo por imagens se faz obrigatório, previamente ao exame endoscópico.Fixation of foreign bodies (FB, in the mucosa, can favor its migration, giving origin to the popular saying: "FB walk to the heart". AIM: describe the mechanisms involved in FB migration and how to diagnose them. METHODOLOGY: From a sample of 3,000 foreign bodies, during 40 years, we analyzed four which had extra-lumen migration. We analyzed clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and ultrasound data collected at the medical documentation service. RESULTS: three clinical histories are presented, describing two fish bones and one piece of fish cartilage. FB shifting was analyzed in all of them. Migration started in the esophagus in two, one going to the aorta and

  15. Study of new U(VI) and Pu(VI) coprecipitation methods for the preparation of (U,Pu)O2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanoit, J. de.

    1990-01-01

    Two U(VI) and Pu(VI) coprecipitation methods have been studied, for the definition of new processes to prepare (U,Pu)O 2 mixed oxides suitable for making MoX fuels or fast breeder reactor fuels. The first system is based on the coprecipitation of a new U(VI), Pu(VI) compound; ammonium uranoplutonate, where as a second system is related to the precipitation of uranyl plutonyl monocarbonate. Experimental conditions to optimize the precipitation and the filtration steps of these two systems have been determined. After calcination under reducing conditions, the mixed oxides obtained are characterized according to different techniques: granulometry, thermogravimetry, solubility in boiling HNO 3 solutions. The properties of such oxides are excellent. The possible processes for preparing (U, Pu)O 2 using these new routes are compared with those actually exploited [fr

  16. Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by dried activated sludge biomass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Jun; Zhang Hua; He Pinjing; Yao Qian; Shao Liming

    2010-01-01

    Batch experiments were conducted to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using activated sludge biomass. The effects of acid pretreatment of the biomass, initial pH, biomass and Cr(VI) concentrations on Cr(VI) removal efficiency were investigated. Proton consumption during the removal process and the reducing capacity of sludge biomass were studied. The results show that acid pretreatment could significantly improve Cr(VI) removal efficiency and increase Cr(VI) reducing capacity by 20.4%. Cr(VI) removal was remarkably pH-dependent; lower pH (pH = 1, 2) facilitated Cr(VI) reduction while higher pH (pH = 3, 4) favored sorption of the converted Cr(III). Lower Cr(VI) concentration as well as higher biomass concentration could accelerate Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) reduction was not the only reason for proton consumption in the removal process. Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model could successfully simulate Cr(VI) removal except under higher pH conditions (pH = 3, 4).

  17. Behaviour of chromium(VI) in stormwater soil infiltration systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cederkvist, Karin; Ingvertsen, Simon T.; Jensen, Marina B.

    2013-01-01

    mm in 2 h) and extreme (100 mm in 3 h) rain events. The objectives were to understand the behaviour of the anionic and toxic Cr(VI) in soil at neutral pH and to asses treatment efficiency towards Cr(VI). During normal rain events Cr(VI) was largely retained (more than 50, even though pH was neutral......The ability of stormwater infiltration systems to retain Cr(VI) was tested by applying a synthetic stormwater runoff solution with a neutral pH and high Cr(VI) concentrations to four intact soil columns excavated from two roadside infiltration swales in Germany. Inlet flow rates mimicked normal (10......, while under extreme rain events approximately 20% of Cr(VI) was retained. In both cases effluent concentrations of Cr(VI) would exceed the threshold value of 3.4 mu g/L if the infiltrated water were introduced to freshwater environments. More knowledge on the composition of the stormwater runoff...

  18. Isolation of a star-shaped uranium(V/VI) cluster from the anaerobic photochemical reduction of uranyl(VI)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chatelain, Lucile; White, Sarah; Scopelliti, Rosario; Mazzanti, Marinella [Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) (Switzerland). Inst. de Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques

    2016-11-07

    Actinide oxo clusters are an important class of compounds due to their impact on actinide migration in the environment. The photolytic reduction of uranyl(VI) has potential application in catalysis and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, but the intermediate species involved in this reduction have not yet been elucidated. Here we show that the photolysis of partially hydrated uranyl(VI) in anaerobic conditions leads to the reduction of uranyl(VI), and to the incorporation of the resulting U{sup V} species into the stable mixed-valent star-shaped U{sup VI}/U{sup V} oxo cluster [U(UO{sub 2}){sub 5}(μ{sub 3}-O){sub 5}(PhCOO){sub 5}(Py){sub 7}]. This cluster is only the second example of a U{sup VI}/U{sup V} cluster and the first one associating uranyl groups to a non-uranyl(V) center. The U{sup V} center in 1 is stable, while the reaction of uranyl(V) iodide with potassium benzoate leads to immediate disproportionation and formation of the U{sub 12}{sup IV}U{sub 4}{sup V}O{sub 24} cluster {[K(Py)_2]_2[K(Py)]_2[U_1_6O_2_4(PhCOO)_2_4(Py)_2]}.

  19. Large depletion region at the epitaxial n-ZnSe/GaAs heterointerface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Frey, A; Lehmann, F; Grabs, P; Gould, C; Schmidt, G; Brunner, K; Molenkamp, L W

    2009-01-01

    The extent of the depletion region at an n-ZnSe/GaAs heterointerface in MBE grown epilayers has been investigated by thickness-dependent Hall measurements. Exceptionally large depletion widths of up to 110 nm have been found on the ZnSe side. The depletion cannot be caused by charge transfer or interface states alone, but is attributed to compensation due to large scale atomic interdiffusion across the heterointerface. A II–VI buffer layer structure is demonstrated to shield the effects of the depletion from sensitive device layers grown on top, and to prevent parallel conduction by lateral and vertical transport through the substrate and the lower-lying buffer layers

  20. Quando o liberal e o socialista se defrontam: Bastiat, Proudhon e a renda do capital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Leonardo Kulnig Cinelli

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available O artigo ocupa-se do debate travado entre Bastiat e Proudhon sobre a legitimidade da renda do capital. A seção inicial apresenta a conjuntura política da França à época da controvérsia. A seguir, delineiam-se as visões econômicas dos dois pensadores à luz das doutrinas liberal e socialista do período. Na terceira seção, revisam-se as contribuições iniciais ao debate formuladas por Bastiat e Proudhon sobre os conceitos do juro e do capital. Após, são contrapostos os seus respectivos argumentos econômicos e metodológicos no tocante à natureza da sociedade regida pelo lucro. A quinta seção apresenta a discussão final sobre a proposta de crédito gratuito de Proudhon, duramente criticada por Bastiat. Como conclusão, avalia-se a extensão efetiva das divergências entre os dois protagonistas.

  1. Adsorción de cr(vi) por cocos nucífera l. en residuales de fibrocemento en santiago de cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Silva, Rosa María; Calzado Lamela, Orlindes; Cascaret Carmenaty, Dannis Adrián; Tur Naranjo, Enieyis

    2014-01-01

    Título en ingles: Cr(VI) adsorption by Cocos nucífera L. in wastewater of fibrocement from Santiago de CubaTítulo corto: Adsorción de Cr(VI)  por Cocos nucífera L.Resumen:  La adsorción y/o formación de complejos de metales pesados basados en la actividad química de la biomasa, es el proceso conocido como biosorción y es la base de una nueva tecnología para su remoción en efluentes industriales y su posterior recuperación. En esta tecnología se pueden utilizar diferentes tipos de biomasas tal...

  2. Estratégias mercadológicas do jornalismo regional: as mudanças empreendidas pelo Grupo Jaime Câmara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ângela Teixeira de Moraes

    Full Text Available Resumo Esta pesquisa descreve as principais mudanças nas práticas jornalísticas do principal empreendimento privado de comunicação no Centro-Oeste brasileiro – o Grupo Jaime Câmara (GJC. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que analisou três produtos dessa organização: o telejornal Anhanguera 1ª Edição, o jornal tabloide Daqui e o jornal de referência O Popular; realizado entre agosto de 2016 e abril de 2017. A pesquisa apoiou-se em dados coletados de entrevistas com jornalistas e editores da empresa, além da análise de conteúdo de matérias publicadas e veiculadas pelo GJC. Os resultados confirmam o impacto da Internet na reconfiguração do trabalho jornalístico e do sistema de concorrência que se instalou diante de tantas ofertas informacionais à sociedade, mas apontam singluraridades quanto aos efeitos de certas estratégias mercadológicas.

  3. High resistivity ZnSe coated substrates for microstrip gas chambers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sudharsanan, R.; Greenwald, A.C.; Vakerlis, G.; Yoganathan, M.; Cho, H.S.; Kadyk, J.; Dubeau, J.; Dixit, M.

    1998-01-01

    Microstrip gas chambers (MSGCs) require substrates with sheet resistance in the range of 10 13 --10 16 ohms/square to eliminate polarization and surface charging effects between the electrodes. Thin films of II-VI semiconductors deposited on glass or plastic substrates are attractive for this application since bulk resistivity of these semiconductors vary in the range 10 9 --10 12 ohm-cm and films with good uniformity can be deposited over large-areas using inexpensive deposition techniques. In this paper, deposition, characterization, and fabrication of MSGCs using ZnSe thin films are reported for the first time. ZnSe thin films were deposited on glass and plastic substrates by thermal evaporation. Sheet resistance of ZnSe varied in the range of 10 15 to 10 16 ohms/square depending on the deposition conditions. A MSGC detector fabricated using a 0.5 microm thick ZnSe layer on glass substrate exhibited best values; gas gain of 25,000 and an energy resolution of about 16.7% FWHM at a gain of 1,080 for a 55 Fe source

  4. Fracturas Fisarias Salter-Harris VI de Tobillo y Pie. [Salter-Harris VI fractures of the foot and ankle.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Javier Masquijo

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción Las fracturas Salter-Harris VI (SHVI son lesiones que se caracterizan por presentar ablación del anillo pericondral. Son infrecuentes en niños pero potencialmente devastadoras. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el mecanismo de producción, el tratamiento y los resultados funcionales de estas lesiones localizadas en el pie y el tobillo. Material y métodos Se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes con lesiones SHVI de tobillo y pie tratadas entre Enero de 2010 y Enero de 2013. Se documentaron datos demográficos, clasificación, mecanismo de lesión, tipo de lesiones asociadas y número de cirugías que requirieron. Los pacientes fueron evaluados funcionalmente con el score de AOFAS y radiográficamente para determinar la viabilidad de la fisis, acortamiento del miembro o deformidad angular. Resultados Se analizaron 5 fracturas en 4 pacientes (3 masculinos y 1 femenino. La edad promedio al momento de la lesión fue de 7.5 años (rango, 6  a 10 años. El seguimiento promedio fue de 26.2 meses (rango, 12 - 37 meses. De acuerdo a la subclasificación de Peterson 3 pertenecían al grupo A, 1 al B y 1 al C. 3 lesiones se produjeron como consecuencia de accidentes de moto y 2 por auto versus peatón. Todos los casos se acompañaron de pérdida de sustancia, el 75% presentaba lesiones en más de un hueso y el 50% lesiones tendinosas asociadas. Cada paciente requirió un promedio de 3.2 cirugías (rango, 2 a 5. El score AOFAS promedio fue de 79.8 puntos (rango, 62 – 100 puntos. Radiográficamente, solo el 40% de las fisis afectadas permanecían viables al último control. Conclusión Las fracturas SHVI se acompañan de una gran variedad de lesiones asociadas, requieren múltiples cirugías y suelen producir un cierre precoz de la fisis y algún grado de discapacidad.  Se requieren medidas de prevención para evitar la exposición de los niños a este tipo de lesiones. El tratamiento temprano es fundamental para

  5. Avaliação da precipitação efetiva de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica em diferentes estágios de regeneração no município de Viçosa, MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Carlos de Oliveira Júnior

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a precipitação efetiva de um fragmento do bioma Mata Atlântica composto por floresta estacional semidecidual em diferentes estágios de regeneração no município de Viçosa, MG, no período de novembro de 2005 a outubro de 2006. Foram demarcadas quatro parcelas experimentais, sendo três em uma área de estágio de regeneração inicial e uma em estágio de regeneração avançado. Durante o estudo foram efetuadas 24 coletas de precipitação a céu aberto, precipitação interna e escoamento pelo tronco, constituídas de um ou mais eventos de chuva. A precipitação média total do período estudado foi de 997 mm. A precipitação efetiva na área em que o estágio de regeneração se encontra mais avançado, com área basal igual a 3,28 m², foi de 813,90 mm o que correspondeu a 81,63% da precipitação a céu aberto. Na área em que o estágio de regeneração se encontra inicial, com área basal igual a 1,22 m², a precipitação efetiva foi de 792,46 mm o que correspondeu a 79,43% da precipitação a céu aberto. A interceptação pelas copas resultou em 18,37% e 20,57% para as áreas de regeneração avançada e inicial, respectivamente. Os resultados analisados estatisticamente pelos testes t e teste f, não apresentaram diferença significativa.ao nível de 5% de probabilidade.

  6. Nitrate Enhanced Microbial Cr(VI) Reduction-Final Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    John F. Stolz

    2011-06-15

    A major challenge for the bioremediation of radionuclides (i.e., uranium, technetium) and metals (i.e., Cr(VI), Hg) is the co-occurrence of nitrate as it can inhibit metal transformation. Denitrification (nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas) is considered the most important ecological process. For many metal and metalloid reducing bacteria, however, ammonia is the end product through respiratory nitrate reduction (RNRA). The focus of this work was to determine how RNRA impacts Cr(VI) transformation. The goal was to elucidate the specific mechanism(s) that limits Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of nitrate and to use this information to develop strategies that enhance Cr(VI) reduction (and thus detoxification). Our central hypothesis is that nitrate impacts the biotransformation of metals and metalloids in three ways 1) as a competitive alternative electron acceptor (inhibiting transformation), 2) as a co-metabolite (i.e., concomitant reduction, stimulating transformation), and 3) as an inducer of specific proteins and pathways involved in oxidation/reduction reactions (stimulating transformation). We have identified three model organisms, Geobacter metallireducens (mechanism 1), Sulfurospirillum barnesii, (mechasism 2), and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (mechanisms 3). Our specific aims were to 1) investigate the role of Cr(VI) concentration on the kinetics of both growth and reduction of nitrate, nitrite, and Cr(VI) in these three organisms; 2) develop a profile of bacterial enzymes involved in nitrate transformation (e.g., oxidoreductases) using a proteomic approach; 3) investigate the function of periplasmic nitrite reductase (Nrf) as a chromate reductase; and 4) develop a strategy to maximize microbial chromium reduction in the presence of nitrate. We found that growth on nitrate by G. metallireducens was inhibited by Cr(VI). Over 240 proteins were identified by LC/MS-MS. Redox active proteins, outer membrane heavy metal efflux proteins, and chemotaxis sensory

  7. Analysis of MBE-grown II-VI hetero-interfaces and quantum-dots by Raman spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bass, Utz

    2012-10-16

    The material system of interest in this thesis are II-VI-semiconductors. The first part of this thesis focuses on the formation of self-assembled CdSe-based quantum dots (QD) on ZnSe. The lattice constants of ZnSe and CdSe differ as much as about 7% and therefore a CdSe layer grown on top of ZnSe experiences a huge strain. The aspired strain relief constitutes in the self-assembly of QDs (i.e. a roughened layer structure). Additionally, this QD layer is intermixed with Zn as this is also a possibility to decrease the strain in the layer. For CdSe on ZnSe, in Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), various QD growth procedures were analysed with respect to the resulting Cd-content of the non-stoichiometric ternary (Zn,Cd)Se. The evaluation was performed by Raman Spectroscopy as the phonon frequency depends on the Cd-content. The second part of the thesis emphasis on the interface properties of n-ZnSe on n-GaAs. Different growth start procedures of the ZnSe epilayer may lead to different interface configurations with characteristic band-offsets and carrier depletion layer widths. The analysis is mainly focused on the individual depletion layer widths in the GaAs and ZnSe. This non-destructive analysis is performed by evaluating the Raman signal which comprises of phonon scattering from the depleted regions and coupled plasmon-phonon scattering from regions with free carriers.

  8. Analysis of MBE-grown II-VI hetero-interfaces and quantum-dots by Raman spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bass, Utz

    2012-01-01

    The material system of interest in this thesis are II-VI-semiconductors. The first part of this thesis focuses on the formation of self-assembled CdSe-based quantum dots (QD) on ZnSe. The lattice constants of ZnSe and CdSe differ as much as about 7% and therefore a CdSe layer grown on top of ZnSe experiences a huge strain. The aspired strain relief constitutes in the self-assembly of QDs (i.e. a roughened layer structure). Additionally, this QD layer is intermixed with Zn as this is also a possibility to decrease the strain in the layer. For CdSe on ZnSe, in Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), various QD growth procedures were analysed with respect to the resulting Cd-content of the non-stoichiometric ternary (Zn,Cd)Se. The evaluation was performed by Raman Spectroscopy as the phonon frequency depends on the Cd-content. The second part of the thesis emphasis on the interface properties of n-ZnSe on n-GaAs. Different growth start procedures of the ZnSe epilayer may lead to different interface configurations with characteristic band-offsets and carrier depletion layer widths. The analysis is mainly focused on the individual depletion layer widths in the GaAs and ZnSe. This non-destructive analysis is performed by evaluating the Raman signal which comprises of phonon scattering from the depleted regions and coupled plasmon-phonon scattering from regions with free carriers.

  9. Learning the vi and Vim Editor

    CERN Document Server

    Robbins, Arnold; Hannah, Elbert

    2008-01-01

    There's nothing that hard-core Unix and Linux users are more fanatical about than their text editor. Editors are the subject of adoration and worship, or of scorn and ridicule, depending upon whether the topic of discussion is your editor or someone else's. vi has been the standard editor for close to 30 years. Popular on Unix and Linux, it has a growing following on Windows systems, too. Most experienced system administrators cite vi as their tool of choice. And since 1986, this book has been the guide for vi. However, Unix systems are not what they were 30 years ago, and neither is this

  10. New highly fluorescent biolabels based on II-VI semiconductor hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures for bioimaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, B.S.; Farias, P.M.A.; Menezes, F.D.; Brasil, A.G.; Fontes, A.; Romao, L.; Amaral, J.O.; Moura-Neto, V.; Tenorio, D.P.L.A.; Cesar, C.L.; Barbosa, L.C.; Ferreira, R.

    2008-01-01

    Semiconductor quantum dots based on II-VI materials may be prepared to develop good biolabeling properties. In this study we present some well-succeeded results related to the preparation, functionalization and bioconjugation of CdY (Y = S, Se and Te) to biological systems (live cells and fixed tissues). These nanostructured materials were prepared using colloidal synthesis in aqueous media resulting nanoparticles with very good optical properties and an excellent resistance to photodegradation

  11. La moallakat de Imru-Ulkais (Un poeta y un poema del siglo VI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Sánchez Montenegro

    1961-05-01

    Full Text Available Escudriñando papeles y documentos antiquísimos, en medio de la selva de libros raros y curiosos que por desgracia está sin explotar, me encontré con varios estudios de siglos lejanos sobre la primitiva poesía árabe que corresponde a la época anteislámica, es decir, del siglo VI hasta el comienzo de la Hégira, en 1662, cuando Mahoma se fugó de la Meca, perseguido por la predicación de su nueva doctrina.

  12. Avaliação e responsabilização pelos resultados: atualizações nas formas de gestão de professores - doi: 10.5007/2175-795X.2011v29n1p127

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eneida Oto Shiroma

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo discuti-se a avaliação e responsabilização pelos resultados educacionais nas políticas para professores entendendo-as como eixos que pretendem instituir novos modos de governar a educação. Por meio da consulta a documentos nacionais e internacionais, e com base na literatura sobre o tema, verifica-se que as políticas dirigidas aos docentes têm em vista incutir a lógica de gestão por resultados nas instituições escolares. A avaliação de docentes é recomendada pelos reformadores como uma das ações mais eficazes para melhorar o desempenho dos alunos nas avaliações. A implantação da gestão por resultados no sistema educacional tem menos a ver com questões propriamente educativas e mais com a busca de uma nova governabilidade para a educação pública ungida pela ideologia gerencialista. Publicar resultados de avaliações sem considerar as condições em que foram produzidos conduz a análises equivocadas sobre os fatores que interferem na relação ensino-aprendizagem. Concluí-se que, ao focar nos aspectos intraescolares procura-se responsabilizar os docentes pelo desempenho insatisfatório dos alunos. Nas estratégias de Organizações Multilaterais para a educação, o resultado não é fim, é meio para quebrar a isonomia salarial e instituir novas formas de gestão de professores.

  13. Chromium(VI) bioremediation by probiotics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Younan, Soraia; Sakita, Gabriel Z; Albuquerque, Talita R; Keller, Rogéria; Bremer-Neto, Hermann

    2016-09-01

    Chromium is a common mineral in the earth's crust and can be released into the environment from anthropogenic sources. Intake of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through drinking water and food causes toxic effects, leading to serious diseases, and is a commonly reported environmental problem. Microorganisms can mitigate or prevent the toxic effects caused by heavy metals in addition to having effective resistance mechanisms to prevent cell damage and bind to these metals, sequestering them from the cell surface and removing them from the body. Species of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium present in the human mouth and gut and in fermented foods have the ability to bind and detoxify some of these substances. This review address the primary topics related to Cr(VI) poisoning in animals and humans and the use of probiotics as a way to mitigate or prevent the toxic effects caused by Cr(VI). Further advances in the genetic knowledge of such microorganisms may lead to discoveries which will clarify the most active microorganisms that act as bioprotectants in bodies exposed to Cr(VI) and are an affordable option for people and animals intoxicated by the oral route. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

  14. Exploration of the Infrared Sensitivity for a ZnSe Electrode of an IR Image Converter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kurt, H. Hilal

    2018-05-01

    Significant improvement has been carried out in the field of the II-VI group semiconductor device technology. Semiconductors based on the II-VI group are attractive due to their alternative uses for thermal imaging systems and photonic applications. This study focuses on experimental work on the optical, electrical and structural characterization of an infrared (IR) photodetector zinc selenide (ZnSe). In addition, the IR sensitivity of the ZnSe has primarily been investigated by exploiting the IR responses of the material for various gas pressures, p, and interelectrode distances, d, in the IR converter. The experimental findings include the results of plasma current and plasma discharge emission under various illumination conditions in the IR region. The electron density distributions inside the gas discharge gap have also been simulated in two-dimensional media. Experimentally, the current-voltage, current-time, and discharge light emission plots are produced for a wide experimental parameter range. Consequently, the structural and optical properties have been studied through atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques to obtain a comprehensive knowledge of the material.

  15. RENOVANDO A TRADIÇÃO PELOS CAMINHOS DA INTERTEXTUALIDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alba Olmi

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available A revisão e a subversão dos contos de fadas e de outros textos canônicos realizadas por Angela Carter, Stevie Smith, Liz Lochhead e Anne Sexton, entre outras, se constituem na desconstrução/reconstrução da narrativa masculina através da qual é conferida uma nova forma literária, mas também uma nova voz à figura da mulher. Através da transposição diegética e da paródia, vão se modificando diversos elementos presentes na narrativa dos contos de fada tradicionais e de outros textos “canônicos”, o que produz uma transvalorização, isto é, uma transformação de natureza axiológica de seu primitivo horizonte cultural e de sentido. Essa revisão envolve também o nível lingüístico e as estruturas superficiais, porém sem nunca perder de vista a relação intertextual com os textos originais, questionando preconceitos e discriminação da figura feminina. Isso vem demonstrar que as mulheres estão criando uma literatura própria na qual histórias de mulheres são narradas do ponto de vista feminino.Transcendendo o sistema dicotômico-binário de gênero, que produziu relações seculares e históricas de poder, a escritura feminina reconstrói o conceito de diferença e de sujeito, provocando a ruptura do discurso hegemônico masculino, conferindo novo significado ao conceito de cultura. Observa-se, ainda, que o objetivo maior dessas re-escrituras não é simplesmente demolir uma tradição que perpetuou mitos e ideais patriarcais, mas evidenciar seus limites, suas lacunas e seus desvios, a fim de permitir que a tradição se renove, satisfazendo assim a dupla exigência de revisão e de continuidade em relação ao passado, pelos amplos caminhos da intertextualidade.

  16. Um novo Fundef? As idéias de Anísio Teixeira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amaral Nelson Cardoso

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O professor Anísio Teixeira, na década de 1960, preocupado com o financiamento da educação, apresentou uma proposta de como definir e implantar um fundo que garantisse recursos permanentes para o ensino primário. Em seus aspectos metodológicos, o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (Fundef, criado pelo Governo, assemelha-se à proposta apresentada por Anísio Teixeira. Existem, entretanto, diferenças importantes e fundamentais, pelo fato do professor Anísio definir o volume total de recursos a partir do estabelecimento do salário dos docentes. Nesse estudo apresentam-se as semelhanças e diferenças entre os dois fundos e realiza-se uma simulação do que se poderia chamar "Um novo Fundef", baseado nas idéias de Anísio Teixeira. Como resultado, obtém-se valores perfeitamente viáveis para serem financiados por uma economia com a dimensão da economia brasileira, assim como ocorreu no estudo apresentado por Anísio Teixeira no livro Educação é um direito.

  17. Titanium dioxide-based DGT for measuring dissolved As(V), V(V), Sb(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI) in water

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Panther, Jared G.; Stewart, Ryan R.; Teasdale, Peter R.

    2013-01-01

    A titanium dioxide-based DGT method (Metsorb-DGT) was evaluated for the measurement of As(V), V(V), Sb(V), Mo(VI), W(VI) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in synthetic waters. Mass vs. time DGT deployments at pH 6.06 (0.01 mol L-1 NaNO3) demonstrated linear uptake of all analytes (R2...... for deployment times >4 h (CDGT=0.27-0.72). For ferrihydrite-DGT, CDGT/CSol values in the range 0.92-1.16 were obtained for As(V), V(V) and DRP, however, Mo(VI), Sb(V) and W(VI) could not be measured to within 15% of the solution concentration (C DGT/CSol 0.02-0.83)....

  18. Eficiência de fungicidas no controle da brusone em trigo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho Rocha

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Causada pelo fungo Pyricularia grisea, a brusone do trigo constitui-se num dos principais entraves à expansão da produção tritícola no Brasil Central. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle da brusone em trigo. Foram utilizados três fungicidas, com princípios ativos distintos, combinados com quatro genótipos de trigo. Realizaram-se duas aplicações do produto comercial, sendo estas no estádio 45 e 65 da escala de Zadokset al. A inoculação artificial com os esporos de P. grisea ocorreu no estádio 58-60 da referida escala. Determinou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, a severidade em folhas bandeira (SEVFB e em espigas (SEVEsp e quantificou-se a produção de grãos (PG.Ao final do trabalho, os diferentes parâmetros analisados foram submetidos à análise de correlação de Pearson.Os fungicidas epoxiconazol+piraclostrobina e tebuconazol+trifloxistrobina foram os que proporcionaram menor AACPD nos genótipos VI 03061, VI 07505 e BRS 254. Não houve diferença para SEVFB entre os genótipos na presença de fungicidas. As linhagens VI 98053 e VI 07505 apresentam menor SEVFB na ausência de fungicidas.O fungicida tebuconazole+trifloxistrobina proporcionou maior PG e menor SEVEsp. A severidade da doença em espigas foi maior do que em folhas bandeira. O controle da brusoneem trigo através da aplicação de fungicidas mostrou-se eficiente em folhas bandeira, mas não eficiente para o controle nas espigas.

  19. Carcinoma basocelular simulando tumor intranasal: tratamento com cirurgia micrográfica pelo método de Munique Basal cell carcinoma mimicking intranasal tumor: treatment by Munich method of micrographic surgery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Figueiredo Kopke

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Relata-se caso incomum de carcinoma basocelular que simulava tumor intranasal de crescimento expansivo, na cavidade da narina esquerda. Operado com cirurgia micrográfica pelo método de Munique, foi possível demonstrar que o tumor se originava da pele aparentemente normal e suprajacente do nariz. Por ser tridimensional, esse método de cirurgia micrográfica permite estudo mais preciso da peça cirúrgica. Discutem-se também aspectos peculiares da cirurgia micrográfica pelo método de Munique, o que contribui para a ampliação do conceito das cirurgias microscopicamente controladas.A rare case of basal cell carcinoma mimicking an expansive intranasal tumor in the left nostril is reported. Through the Munich micrographic surgery method, it was possible to demonstrate that the tumor originated from the apparently normal nose skin. Since this micrographic surgery is a tri-dimensional method, it enables a more accurate study of the specimen. Some peculiar aspects of the micrographic surgery using the Munich method are discussed, thus contributing to further understanding about the concept of microscopically controlled surgeries.

  20. AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÉGIAS?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Fernandes Pereira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor – o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

  1. Sobre corpos, sexo, desejo e performatividade: a desconsruçÃo do discurso de genero nos trabalhos de LaerteE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréia Guimarães Moura

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available  Embasando-se nos trabalhos do cartunista Laerte Coutinho, este trabalho busca refletir sobre a desconstrução de gênero proposta pelo artista em sua prática. O que é sexo, gênero, corpo? Como estes elementos se relacionam em nosso contexto social/cultural? Estes conceitos são, essencialmente, construídos culturalmente e não biologicamente? Por meio de teóricos do Gênero e da Análise do Discurso, o artigo pretende abordar estas questões sob o viés de que nossos comportamentos sexuais advém de repetições sociais e se marcam unicamente por meio de uma diferença corpórea. 

  2. Qualidade de Vida na Palma da Mão: tecnologias móveis digitais, vigilância e visibilidade na busca pelo bem-estar

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    Erika Oikawa

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho busca refletir como as tecnologias móveis digitais são apropriadas no cotidiano das pessoas na busca pelo bem-estar individual e coletivo, analisando-se principalmente a possibilidade desses dispositivos em promover interações ubíquas e possibilitar a formação de smart mobs. Para isso, primeiramente, apresenta-se um panorama geral sobre como essas tecnologias vêm transformando a vida social contemporânea. Em seguida, reflete-se sobre como características desses dispositivos móveis podem ajudar a alcançar as metas de uma vida mais regrada, por possibilitarem uma interação constante entre pessoas com os mesmos objetivos, e, ao mesmo tempo, promover um regime de visibilidade e vigilância permanente.

  3. SPECIATION OF SELENIUM AND ARSENIC COMPOUNDS BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS WITH HYDRODYNAMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW AND ON-LINE REDUCTION OF SELENIUM(VI) TO SELENIUM(IV) WITH HYDRIDE GENERATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine four arsenicals and two selenium species. Selenate (SeVI) was reduced on-line to selenite (SeIV') by mixing the CE effluent with concentrated HCl. A microporo...

  4. Når vi taler om 68

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Henrik; Metz, Georg

    Når vi taler om 68 er en intellektuel samtale mellem to ligeværdige gentlemen og skallesmækkere. En essayistisk dyst om porno, RAF, Pittelkow og livsfilosofi......Når vi taler om 68 er en intellektuel samtale mellem to ligeværdige gentlemen og skallesmækkere. En essayistisk dyst om porno, RAF, Pittelkow og livsfilosofi...

  5. Research progress in the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate(VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Macova, Zuzana; Bouzek, Karel; Hives, Jan; Sharma, Virender K.; Terryn, Raymond J.; Baum, J. Clayton

    2009-01-01

    There is renewed interest in the +6 oxidation state of iron, ferrate (VI) (Fe VI O 4 2- ), because of its potential as a benign oxidant for organic synthesis, as a chemical in developing cleaner ('greener') technology for remediation processes, and as an alternative for environment-friendly battery cathodes. This interest has led many researchers to focus their attention on the synthesis of ferrate(VI). Of the three synthesis methods, electrochemical, wet chemical and thermal, electrochemical synthesis has received the most attention due to its ease and the high purity of the product. Moreover, electrochemical processes use an electron as a so-called clean chemical, thus avoiding the use of any harmful chemicals to oxidize iron to the +6 oxidation state. This paper reviews the development of electrochemical methods to synthesize ferrate(VI). The approaches chosen by different laboratories to overcome some of the difficulties associated with the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate(VI) are summarized. Special attention is paid to parameters such as temperature, anolyte, and anode material composition. Spectroscopic work to understand the mechanism of ferrate(VI) synthesis is included. Recent advances in two new approaches, the use of an inert electrode and molten hydroxide salts, in the synthesis of ferrate(VI) are also reviewed. Progress made in the commercialization of ferrate(VI) continuous production is briefly discussed as well

  6. Linguagem escrita e matemática: Um Viés Etnomatemático

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    aldo parra

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Exploram-se algumas relações entre linguagem e matemática desde um olhar etnomatemático, discutindo-se a presença de regras sintáticas dentro de diversas produções culturais, regras que são estritamente seguidas e provem espaço para a criatividade. O referencial teórico é providenciado pelos trabalhos sobre linguagem de André Cauty e sobre semiótica de Raymond Duval. Isto leva a perguntar sobre a necessidade de uma rigorosa sintaxe como elemento distintivo na atividade matemática, ou seja, dentro do conjunto das ticas de matema de um grupo particular. Este trabalho salienta a ampliação do conceito de texto matemático, para albergar uma serie de praticas culturais não sempre reconhecidas.

  7. Synthesis, characterization and oxidative behaviour of dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, D.D.; Rastogi, Rachana

    1995-01-01

    Dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes are found to give low yield of epoxide but good yield of cyclohexanone. The complexes are electro active giving metal centered Ru VI /Ru V couple. Cis-stilbene gives trans epoxide and benzaldehyde. Norbornene gives exo epoxy norbornene. The selectivity for allylic oxidation is high. In the present note the synthesis of dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes and their oxidation behaviour is reported. The dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes have been stoichiometrically found to be good oxidants. (author). 21 refs., 1 tab

  8. Inhibition of bacterial U(VI) reduction by calcium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brooks, Scott C.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Carroll, S. L.; Kennedy, David W.; Zachara, John M.; Plymale, Andrew E.; Kelly, S. D.; Kemner, K. M.; Fendorf, S.

    2003-01-01

    The rapid kinetics of bacterial U(VI) reduction and low solubility of uraninite (UO2,cr) make this process an attractive option for removing uranium from groundwater. Nevertheless, conditions that may promote or inhibit U(VI) reduction are not well-defined. Recent descriptions of Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes indicate that these species may dominate the aqueous speciation of U(VI) in many environments. We monitored the bacterial reduction of U(VI) in bicarbonate-buffered solution in the presence and absence of Ca. XAFS measurements confirmed the presence of a Ca-U(VI)-CO3 complex in the initial solutions containing calcium. Calcium, at millimolar concentrations (0.45-5 mM), caused a significant decrease in the rate and extent of bacterial U(VI) reduction. Both facultative (Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32) and obligate (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Geobacter sulfurreducens) anaerobic bacteria were affected by the presence of calcium. Reduction of U(VI) ceased when the calculated system Eh re ached -0.046+/- 0.001 V, based on the Ca2UO2(CO3)(3) -- > UO2,cr couple. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that U is a less energetically favorable electron acceptor when the Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes are present. The results do not support Ca inhibition caused by direct interactions with the cells or with the electron donor as the reduction of fumarate or Tc(VII)O-4(-) under identical conditions was unaffected by the presence of Ca

  9. Effect of lattice disorder on the thermal conductivity of ZnBeSe, ZnMgSe and ZnBeMgSe crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Strzałkowski, K.

    2015-01-01

    Zn 1−x−y Be x Mg y Se mixed crystals investigated in this work were grown from the melt by the high pressure high temperature modified Bridgman method in the range of composition 0 < x,y < 0.33. Photopyroelectric (PPE) calorimetry in the back (BPPE) and front (FPPE) configuration was applied for thermal investigation of solid samples. The thermal diffusivity and effusivity of investigated crystals were derived from the experimental data. Since dynamic thermal parameters are connected with each other, thermal conductivity of the specimens was calculated from theoretical dependencies between them. The influence of the beryllium (x) and magnesium (y) content on thermal properties of these crystals have been presented and discussed. Order-disorder effects observed for these materials previously have been also taken into account. Finally, thermal diagrams, i.e. thermal conductivity versus composition were presented and discussed applying model given by Sadao Adachi. - Highlights: • Investigated II–VI crystals were obtained by a high pressure modified Bridgman method. • A complete thermal characterization of Zn 1−x−y Be x Mg y Se semiconductors was carried out. • The effect of lattice disorder on thermal properties was presented and discussed. • Obtained data were analyzed applying lattice thermal conductivity model. • Contribution to thermal resistivity arising from lattice disorder was calculated

  10. Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da reciclagem de madeira

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    Nivaldo Venâncio da Silva

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo procura analisar o destino dos resíduos de madeira da construção civil e constatar se, do ponto de vista técnico e econômico, é viável utilizar o processo de reciclagem de madeira como biomassa em fornos e caldeiras. Será analisado também o ganho ambiental advindo da economia de combustíveis fósseis, pelo fato de ser dado um destino apropriado às sobras de madeira.

  11. Mulheres em situação de violência pelo parceiro íntimo: tomada de decisão por apoio institucional especializado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leônidas de Albuquerque Netto

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Propõe-se analisar fatores envolvidos na tomada de decisão de mulheres em situação de violência interpessoal, praticada pelo parceiro íntimo, na busca por apoio institucional de referência. Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Dezesseis mulheres foram entrevistadas, entre junho e setembro de 2012, em um Centro de Referência à Mulher de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, por meio de instrumento semiestruturado e individual. Os relatos foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados As mulheres buscaram suporte psicossocial quando a violência interpessoal alcançou o limite da tolerância. Este suporte possibilitou o resgate da autoestima e da confiança, além da tomada de consciência para a necessidade de mudança de vida e de autonomia econômica. Conclusões As mulheres alcançaram sua autoconfiança com a superação da violência, o que possibilitou o resgate da autoestima e a tomada de decisão para a saída da situação de violência interpessoal praticada pelo parceiro íntimo.

  12. Adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo: análise pelo Teste de Morisky-Green*

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    Letícia Palota Eid

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Considerando que a adesão ao tratamento é um desafio para o controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os sujeitos da pesquisa segundo as variáveis sóciodemograficas e econômicas e avaliar o nível de adesão pelo Teste de Morisky-Green. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 90 hipertensos em um Centro de Saúde. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o Teste de Morisky-Green (TMG. Os resultados mostraram que 63,0% da amostra eram mulheres e a média de idade foi de 66 anos, sendo que 72,2% não apresentaram adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, corroborando pesquisas realizadas sobre adesão. Conclui-se que este estudo pode proporcionar subsídios para intervenções sobre a assistência aos pacientes com HAS, com a finalidade de aumentar as taxas de adesão e a qualidade de vida.

  13. New generation ion-imprinted nanocarrier for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uygun, Murat; Feyzioğlu, Esra; Özçalışkan, Emir; Caka, Müşerref; Ergen, Aygen; Akgöl, Sinan; Denizli, Adil

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel ion-imprinted nanoparticle to remove Cr(VI) ions from waste water. For this, Cr(VI) ions were complexed with 2-methacryloylamido histidine (MAH) and then Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technique. The templates, Cr(VI) ions, were removed from the nanoparticles using 0.1 M of HNO 3 solution. The specific surface area of the Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles was found to be 1,397.85 m 2 /g, and the particle size was calculated as 155.3 nm. These Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used for the adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI) ions from its aqueous solutions. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration and medium pH on the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were also studied. The maximum adsorbed amount of Cr(VI) on the imprinted nanoparticles was found to be 3,830.58 mg/g nanoparticle in pH 4.0. In order to investigate the selectivity of the imprinted nanoparticle, adsorption studies were repeated using Cr(III) ions. The selectivity results demonstrated that Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles showed high affinity for the Cr(VI) ions than Cr(III). The Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used several times without decreasing their Cr(VI) adsorption capacities

  14. New generation ion-imprinted nanocarrier for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uygun, Murat; Feyzioğlu, Esra; Özçalışkan, Emir; Caka, Müşerref; Ergen, Aygen; Akgöl, Sinan; Denizli, Adil

    2013-08-01

    The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel ion-imprinted nanoparticle to remove Cr(VI) ions from waste water. For this, Cr(VI) ions were complexed with 2-methacryloylamido histidine (MAH) and then Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technique. The templates, Cr(VI) ions, were removed from the nanoparticles using 0.1 M of HNO3 solution. The specific surface area of the Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles was found to be 1,397.85 m2/g, and the particle size was calculated as 155.3 nm. These Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used for the adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI) ions from its aqueous solutions. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration and medium pH on the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were also studied. The maximum adsorbed amount of Cr(VI) on the imprinted nanoparticles was found to be 3,830.58 mg/g nanoparticle in pH 4.0. In order to investigate the selectivity of the imprinted nanoparticle, adsorption studies were repeated using Cr(III) ions. The selectivity results demonstrated that Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles showed high affinity for the Cr(VI) ions than Cr(III). The Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used several times without decreasing their Cr(VI) adsorption capacities.

  15. New generation ion-imprinted nanocarrier for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uygun, Murat, E-mail: muygun@adu.edu.tr [Adnan Menderes University, Kocarl Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I Vocational and Training School (Turkey); Feyzioglu, Esra; Oezcal Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I skan, Emir; Caka, Mueserref; Ergen, Aygen; Akgoel, Sinan [Ege University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science (Turkey); Denizli, Adil [Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Turkey)

    2013-08-15

    The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel ion-imprinted nanoparticle to remove Cr(VI) ions from waste water. For this, Cr(VI) ions were complexed with 2-methacryloylamido histidine (MAH) and then Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technique. The templates, Cr(VI) ions, were removed from the nanoparticles using 0.1 M of HNO{sub 3} solution. The specific surface area of the Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles was found to be 1,397.85 m{sup 2}/g, and the particle size was calculated as 155.3 nm. These Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used for the adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI) ions from its aqueous solutions. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration and medium pH on the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were also studied. The maximum adsorbed amount of Cr(VI) on the imprinted nanoparticles was found to be 3,830.58 mg/g nanoparticle in pH 4.0. In order to investigate the selectivity of the imprinted nanoparticle, adsorption studies were repeated using Cr(III) ions. The selectivity results demonstrated that Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles showed high affinity for the Cr(VI) ions than Cr(III). The Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used several times without decreasing their Cr(VI) adsorption capacities.

  16. Uso do solo e infraestrutura viária na relação com as dinâmicas produtivas em assentamentos agroextrativistas no Amapá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olavo Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa aspectos de uso do solo e as condições gerais da rede viária terrestre na relação com as dinámicas produtivas nos Projetos de Assentamentos Agroextrativistas do Cedro, Bom Jesus dos Fernandes e Governador Janary no município de Tartarugalzinho, centro/leste do Amapá. A pesquisa utilizou-se de dados documentais de órgãos públicos como INCRA, IBAMA e IMAP, levantamentos de dados e informações em campo e processamento de imagens SRTM e arquivos vetoriais em SIG. Identificou-se e caracterizou-se o uso do solo, altimetria do relevo, hidrografia, e as condições da infraestrutura viária terrestre. Embora existam possibilidades de mudanças benéficas, atualmente, as atividades produtivas praticadas nos assentamentos resultam de modelos implantados na Amazônia Brasileira de forma tradicional, pouco sustentáveis e ineficazes para prover melhoria nas infraestruturas existentes e na qualidade de vida nos assentamentos.

  17. ALTERATION OF U(VI)-PHASES UNDER OXIDIZING CONDITIONS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    A.P. Deditius; S. Utsunomiya; R.C. Ewing

    2006-02-21

    Uranium-(VI) phases are the primary alteration products of the UO{sub 2} in spent nuclear fuel and the UO{sub 2+x}, in natural uranium deposits. The U(VI)-phases generally form sheet structures of edge-sharing UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} polyhedra. The complexity of these structures offers numerous possibilities for coupled-substitutions of trace metals and radionuclides. The incorporation of radionuclides into U(VI)-structures provides a potential barrier to their release and transport in a geologic repository that experiences oxidizing conditions. In this study, we have used natural samples of UO{sub 2+x}, to study the U(VI)-phases that form during alteration and to determine the fate of the associated trace elements.

  18. ALTERATION OF U(VI)-PHASES UNDER OXIDIZING CONDITIONS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    A.P. Deditius; S. Utsunomiya; R.C. Ewing

    2006-01-01

    Uranium-(VI) phases are the primary alteration products of the UO 2 in spent nuclear fuel and the UO 2+x , in natural uranium deposits. The U(VI)-phases generally form sheet structures of edge-sharing UO 2 2+ polyhedra. The complexity of these structures offers numerous possibilities for coupled-substitutions of trace metals and radionuclides. The incorporation of radionuclides into U(VI)-structures provides a potential barrier to their release and transport in a geologic repository that experiences oxidizing conditions. In this study, we have used natural samples of UO 2+x , to study the U(VI)-phases that form during alteration and to determine the fate of the associated trace elements

  19. Produtividade do cacaueiro em função de características do solo: II. características físico-morfológicas e alguns elementos extraídos pelo ataque sulfúrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. O. Souza Jr.

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available Com base na produtividade em sete anos (1989 a 1995 de 36 talhões produtivos de cacau, cultivados numa propriedade agrícola no sul da Bahia, foram obtidas as médias dos três anos mais e menos produtivos, correspondendo, respectivamente, a anos de maior e menor quantidade de chuvas. Essas produtividades foram relacionadas, por análise de trilha, com as características físico-morfológicas do solo (profundidade do horizonte A; cor, porosidade, densidades aparente e de partícula dos horizontes A e B; textura das camadas de 0-20 e 30-50 cm e presença de cascalho ou pedras até à profundidade de 50 cm e com os teores totais de elementos (Ti, K, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, obtidos pelo ataque sulfúrico, na camada de 30-50 cm de profundidade. Os micronutrientes extraídos pelo ataque sulfúrico foram correlacionados com aqueles extraídos pelo Mehlich-1. Em geral, as características físicas explicaram melhor a produtividade dos anos mais secos, enquanto os teores de elementos extraídos pelo ataque sulfúrico correlacionaram-se melhor com a produtividade dos anos mais chuvosos. Os talhões mais produtivos tinham horizonte A mais profundo, solo mais poroso, com maiores teores de micronutrientes catiônicos e Ti e menor teor de K obtido pelo ataque sulfúrico. Em anos mais secos, os talhões mais produtivos foram aqueles que apresentavam solo com maior teor de argila e menores teores de silte e areia. A presença de cascalho até à profundidade de 50 cm e a cor dos horizontes do solo não se correlacionaram significativamente com a produtividade das plantas. Cobre, Mn e, ou, Zn, extraídos pelo ataque sulfúrico, indicaram solos de maior fertilidade natural em micronutrientes catiônicos para o cacaueiro.

  20. Identificação inicial de alunos com altas habilidades ou superdotação: avaliação intelectual, de desempenho escolar e indicação pelos professores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lurian Dionizio Mendonça

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo realizou uma identificação inicial de 259 alunos de ensino fundamental com indicadores de Altas Habilidades ou Superdotação (AH/SD a partir da aplicação do Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, do Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE e da indicação dos professores dos alunos que mais se sobressaiam em sala de aula e em que áreas. Dos alunos, 11,36% tiveram desempenho muito superior à média no Teste de Raven e 3,86% deles apresentaram pelo menos dois resultados superiores no TDE. Os professores indicaram 33 alunos e as características mais observadas foram a capacidade de pensamento abstrato – talento científico-matemático e o talento verbal. Para a análise dos alunos com indicadores de AH/SD observou-se pouca concordância entre os instrumentos. Foram, então, identificados 81 alunos com indicativos de AH/SD, que preencheram pelo menos um dos critérios estabelecidos, ou seja, ser classificado dentro do percentil 90 ou mais no Teste de Raven, apresentar pelo menos dois superiores nos subtestes do TDE ou ser indicado por seus professores, para a participação em avaliações mais detalhadas para definição do diagnóstico.

  1. Conhecendo as estrategias de acao e interacao utilizadas pelos clientes para o enfrentamento da dialise peritoneal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Kaezer dos Santos

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo teve por objetivo apresentar as principais estratégias de ação e interação utilizadas pelos clientes portadores de doença renal crônica para o enfrentamento da diálise peritoneal. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o Interacionismo Simbólico, por ser um arcabouço que valoriza o significado da interação como determinante do comportamento humano. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foi utilizada como referencial metodológico. Após a sua obtenção, realizada por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado, os dados foram gravados, transcritos, codificados e organizados para compor a teoria explicativa sobre o fenômeno estudado. Durante a análise foram identificados vários recursos utilizados pelos clientes, como a necessidade de obter informações sobre a diálise peritoneal, o refúgio na espiritualidade e a falsa ilusão da cura. Destaca-se também a importância da rede de apoio, em que o enfermeiro poderá atuar como facilitador do processo de enfrentamento, em prol da adaptação dos clientes à nova realidade.

  2. Growth of Wide Band Gap II-VI Compound Semiconductors by Physical Vapor Transport

    Science.gov (United States)

    Su, Ching-Hua; Sha, Yi-Gao

    1995-01-01

    The studies on the crystal growth and characterization of II-VI wide band gap compound semiconductors, such as ZnTe, CdS, ZnSe and ZnS, have been conducted over the past three decades. The research was not quite as extensive as that on Si, III-V, or even narrow band gap II-VI semiconductors because of the high melting temperatures as well as the specialized applications associated with these wide band gap semiconductors. In the past several years, major advances in the thin film technology such as Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) have demonstrated the applications of these materials for the important devices such as light-emitting diode, laser and ultraviolet detectors and the tunability of energy band gap by employing ternary or even quaternary systems of these compounds. At the same time, the development in the crystal growth of bulk materials has not advanced far enough to provide low price, high quality substrates needed for the thin film growth technology.

  3. Atomic structures of Cd Te and Cd Se (110) surfaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watari, K.; Ferraz, A.C.

    1996-01-01

    Results are reported based on the self-consistent density-functional theory, within the local-density approximation using ab-initio pseudopotentials of clean Cd Te and Cd Se (110) surfaces. We analyzed the trends for the equilibrium atomic structures, and the variations of the bond angles at the II-VI (110). The calculations are sensitive to the ionicity of the materials and the results are in agreement with the arguments which predict that the relaxed zinc-blend (110) surfaces should depend on ionicity. (author). 17 refs., 1 figs., 3 tabs

  4. A infância (recontada pelo fio da memória de psicoterapeutas septuagenários

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manoel Antônio dos Santos

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar os relatos de psicoterapeutas idosos sobre sua infância, buscando identificar, nas experiências de vida narradas, elementos relacionados às vivências familiares. O estudo é de caráter descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa com a utilização do método clínico-qualitativo. Participaram cinco psicoterapeutas septuagenários, escolhidos pelo critério de prestígio desfrutado junto aos pares dentro e fora de instituições psicanalíticas. Foi utilizada entrevista aberta, audiogravada e, posteriormente, transcrita na íntegra. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Os dados foram interpretados com base no referencial teórico psicanalítico da transmissão psíquica. A análise resultou na construção de três categorias temáticas: (1 A família como rede simbólica que define a posição subjetiva de seus membros; (2 Entre a reverência e a rebeldia: a possibilidade de reinventar a tradição familiar; e (3 Construindo o pertencimento à cadeia geracional. Constatou-se que as narrativas dos psicoterapeutas sobre a infância se estruturaram em torno da vida familiar, pautada em hábitos e papéis familiares bem delimitados, com rígida divisão de funções entre pai, mãe e filhos. A posição ocupada pelo sujeito na fratria e a submissão a um mito fundador da linhagem são elementos que auxiliam na compreensão do engendramento de cada participante na cadeia intergeracional.

  5. Oxidation of trimethoprim by ferrate(VI): kinetics, products, and antibacterial activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anquandah, George A K; Sharma, Virender K; Knight, D Andrew; Batchu, Sudha Rani; Gardinali, Piero R

    2011-12-15

    Kinetics, stoichiometry, and products of the oxidation of trimethoprim (TMP), one of the most commonly detected antibacterial agents in surface waters and municipal wastewaters, by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) were determined. The pH dependent second-order rate constants of the reactions of Fe(VI) with TMP were examined using acid-base properties of Fe(VI) and TMP. The kinetics of reactions of diaminopyrimidine (DAP) and trimethoxytoluene (TMT) with Fe(VI) were also determined to understand the reactivity of Fe(VI) with TMP. Oxidation products of the reactions of Fe(VI) with TMP and DAP were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Reaction pathways of oxidation of TMP by Fe(VI) are proposed to demonstrate the cleavage of the TMP molecule to ultimately result in 3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitropyrimidine as among the final identified products. The oxidized products mixture exhibited no antibacterial activity against E. coli after complete consumption of TMP. Removal of TMP in the secondary effluent by Fe(VI) was achieved.

  6. As principais causas das dificuldades de aprendizagem em alunos da rede municipal de Sinop atendidos pelo Instituto Criança

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Vieira da Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo se caracteriza como pesquisa qualitativa e teve como objetivo identificar as principais causas da dificuldade de aprendizagem em alunos da Rede Municipal de Sinop atendidos pelo Instituto Criança. Para fundamentar a pesquisa utilizaram-se os seguintes autores, Luís de Miranda Correia e Eva Maria Lakatos, entre outros. Participaram dessa investigação psicopedagogas, psicólogas e fonoaudióloga e os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontam que essas dificuldades são originadas pela desconsideração da diversidade sócio cultural do aluno, de suas particularidades para aprender e de metodologias de ensino ultrapassadas. Palavras-chave: Instituto Criança; dificuldade de aprendizagem; criança.

  7. A GUERRA: DESAFIO MORAL E POLÍTICO PARA TODA A HUMANIDADE. REFLEXÕES EM TORNO AO ATAQUE ANGLO-AMERICANO AO IRAQUE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thierry Linard de Guertechin

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available “Toda ação belicosa que leve, indiscriminadamente, à destruição de cidades inteiras ou de extensas regiões, junto com seus habitantes, é um crime contra Deus e a humanidade, que deve ser condenado com firmeza e sem vacilações” (Gaudium et Spes 80, 4. Esta condenação conciliar apóia-se sobre as condenações da guerra total expressas pelos últimos papas, de Pio XII a Paulo VI. Na encíclica Pacem in Terris, João XXIII dava como sinal dos tempos uma convicção que toma conta das mentalidades segundo a qual os conflitos entre os povos não devem ser resolvidos pelo uso das armas (PT 126.

  8. Fremtidens lavenergibyggeri - kan vi gøre som vi plejer?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Tine Steen

    2011-01-01

    Stramninger af kravene til energiforbruget i vores boliger medfører stor fokus på energiberegningen, men erfaringer fra lavenergiboliger opført i dag viser, at vi, for at sikre succes for fremtidens boliger, også skal inddrage dokumentation af indeklimaet og forbedre samarbejdet mellem arkitekter...

  9. Composição florística de uma floresta estacional semidecidual montana no município de Viçosa-MG Floristic composition of a montane seasonal semideciduous tropical forest in Viçosa, MG, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a composição florística arbórea da Mata da Silvicultura (20º45'S e 42º55'W, município de Viçosa, Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, com o intuito de avaliar sua similaridade com outras florestas. Para comparação florística foi utilizada a análise de agrupamentos pelo método de médias aritméticas não-ponderadas (UPGMA, a partir dos índices binários de similaridade de Sørensen entre as florestas comparadas. Foram relacionadas 154 espécies de 47 famílias botânicas para a Mata da Silvicultura. Esta mata mostrou-se mais similar às florestas semideciduais de altitude de Lavras (MG e de Atibaia (SP e menos similar às florestas submontanas e litorâneas. Estes resultados evidenciam uma importante influência das temperaturas na determinação do tipo florístico das florestas do Sudeste e Sul brasileiros.This study aims to investigate the floristic composition of the Silvicultura forest (20º45`S and 42º55´W by comparing it to other forest compositions. Thus, the cluster analysis method of unweighted pair-group using arithmetic averages (UPGMA was used, applying the Sørensen binary similarity index found among compared forests. A list of 154 species of 47 families was recorded. The Silvicultura forest is more similar to the montane semideciduous forests of Lavras and Atibaia, but less similar to submontane and coastal forests. These results show that temperature plays an important role in the floristic differentiation of the southern and southeastern Brazilian forest types.

  10. Optical investigations and control of spindynamics in Mn doped II-VI quantum dots

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schmidt, Thomas

    2009-01-01

    The present thesis deals with the spin of charge carriers confined in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) closely linked to the polarization of emitted photons. II-VI material systems can be adequately mixed with the B-group element manganese. Such semimagnetic nanostructures offer a number of characteristic optical and electronic features. This is caused by an exchange interaction between the spin of optically excited carriers and the 3d electrons of the Mn ions. Within the framework of this thesis addressing of well defined spin states was realized by optical excitation of charge carriers. The occupation of different spin states was detected by the degree of polarization of the emitted photoluminescence (PL) light. For that purpose different optical methods of time-resolved and time-integrated spectroscopy as well as investigations in magnetic fields were applied. (orig.)

  11. Psicoterapia pela Internet: viável ou inviável?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Adélia Minghelli Pieta

    Full Text Available A psicoterapia pela internet é uma prática que, no Brasil, só é permitida aos psicólogos na forma de pesquisa. O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma revisão dos estudos em psicoterapia pela internet, discorrendo sobre os recursos e os limites desse atendimento psicológico e suas implicações para a relação terapêutica e para a efetividade do tratamento. São apresentadas questões legais e éticas concernentes à prática. Os resultados apontaram similaridades entre a relação terapêutica online e a presencial, mostrando-se a psicoterapia pela internet efetiva nas mais distintas modalidades, embora a maioria dos estudos seja sobre intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais. As questões legais e éticas podem ser parcialmente solucionadas com diretrizes claras das organizações profissionais e com o treino de terapeutas na modalidade online. Concluímos que a psicoterapia pela internet, embora requeira maiores estudos, anuncia-se como uma prática viável e promissora.

  12. Controlled growth of high-density CdS and CdSe nanorod arrays on selective facets of two-dimensional semiconductor nanoplates

    KAUST Repository

    Wu, Xue-Jun; Chen, Junze; Tan, Chaoliang; Zhu, Yihan; Han, Yu; Zhang, Hua

    2016-01-01

    . Here, we report a seeded growth approach for the controlled epitaxial growth of three types of hierarchical one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, where nanorod arrays of II-VI semiconductor CdS or CdSe are grown on the selective

  13. Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: A potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Southern Sacramento Valley soil and sediment has abundant naturally-occurring Cr(III). → Cr(III) resides mainly in chromite but some is associated with clays and Fe oxides. → Cr(VI) is mostly absent in surface soil but ubiquitous in deeper soil and sediment. → Cr(VI) increased linearly with time during lab soil incubations with no additions. → Cation exchange processes resulted in greater Cr(VI) generation rates. - Abstract: Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization's maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 μg L -1 ) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 μg L -1 . To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to ∼1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged from 0 to 42

  14. Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: A potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mills, Christopher T., E-mail: cmills@usgs.gov [United States Geological Survey, Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver Federal Center, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 (United States); Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J. [United States Geological Survey, Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver Federal Center, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 (United States)

    2011-08-15

    Highlights: > Southern Sacramento Valley soil and sediment has abundant naturally-occurring Cr(III). > Cr(III) resides mainly in chromite but some is associated with clays and Fe oxides. > Cr(VI) is mostly absent in surface soil but ubiquitous in deeper soil and sediment. > Cr(VI) increased linearly with time during lab soil incubations with no additions. > Cation exchange processes resulted in greater Cr(VI) generation rates. - Abstract: Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization's maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 {mu}g L{sup -1}) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 {mu}g L{sup -1}. To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to {approx}1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged

  15. Indicadores de campo para solos hidromórficos na região de Viçosa (MG Field indicators for the identification of hydromorphic soils in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais - Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. E. B. Campos

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Indicadores locais são úteis para a identificação de ambientes. Na região de Viçosa, embora os solos encharcados ocorram sob vegetação de taboa (Thypha dominguensis, Gleissolos, de coloração típica acinzentada, são incomuns. A maioria dos solos com lençol freático alto é coberta pela taboa e as características gleizadas do solo são pouco pronunciadas, especialmente nos solos com mais altos teores de ferro. Não há clara conexão entre altura do lençol freático e deficiência de oxigênio. Como as relações entre altura do lençol freático, deficiência de oxigênio e cor do solo não são claras o bastante, hipotetizou-se que outros indicadores para as condições de redução poderiam ser encontrados nesses ambientes. Neste propósito, caracterizou-se o solo e trabalhou-se na sua relação com a vegetação. Estudaram-se os solos com várias intensidades de condições de drenagem em três áreas: Cajuri (Área 1, Viçosa (Área 2 e Coimbra (Área 3, todas pertencentes ao Planalto de Viçosa. Na avaliação das condições de redox dos solos (pH e pE a campo, utilizou-se um medidor digital adaptado a uma sonda de aço. Conquanto importante na identificação de indicadores de ambientes, a caracterização morfológica não se mostrou precisa o bastante para evidenciar o que os solos encharcados têm mais em comum: a deficiência de oxigênio por longos períodos. A cor, embora seja um bom e útil indicador para muitas das condições de drenagem do solo, não se mostrou também eficiente nessas áreas. De modo geral, os Gleissolos estudados apresentaram cromas maiores do que dois, o que supera o limite do critério para identificar horizonte glei no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, embora o teste indicador da presença de Fe2+ com alfa,alfa'-dipiridil tenha sido positivo. Por outro lado, a presença da taboa foi um bom indicador das condições de má drenagem. Nos locais dos povoamentos puros de taboa, os

  16. Arremessar por cima do ombro e a distância percorrida pelo implemento Overarm throw and the distance traveled by the implement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Bento da Silva

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A habilidade de arremessar por cima do ombro tem sido bastante estudada, observando-se a velocidade do implemento, porém enquanto muitas tarefas têm como objetivo arremessar o mais longe possível, a distância percorrida pelo objeto ainda não tem sido investigada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe relação entre o estágio de desenvolvimento motor nesta habilidade e a distância percorrida pelo implemento e observar diferenças entre os gêneros masculino e feminino; 50 crianças, com idade entre 7-8 anos, de ambos os gêneros, procedentes de Piracicaba - SP foram analisadas enquanto arremessavam uma bola de tênis de campo, o mais longe possível. Cada criança realizou três arremessos intercalados e foi filmada com duas câmeras mini DV, tanto em vista lateral quanto posterior, enquanto arremessava. O nível de desenvolvimento das crianças foi classificado, utilizando-se uma sequência de desenvolvimento e a distância percorrida pela bola foi registrada. Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o nível do desenvolvimento e a distância atingida. Diferenças entre os gêneros foram observadas: os meninos encontravam-se em níveis desenvolvimentais mais avançados em todas as ações e alcançaram maiores distâncias. Assim, o nível de desenvolvimento desta habilidade mostrou-se importante para o alcance de seu objetivo (arremessar mais longe. Sugere-se que o nível de habilidade é influenciado pelo meio ambiente e que oportunidades de movimento devem ser providenciadas para auxiliar o desenvolvimento integral da criança.Overarm throwing skill has been widely studied regarding the farthest throwing distance analysing the velocity of the implement; however the object's distance has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify if there is a relationship between the skill development and the distance reached by the object and to observe differences between genders. Fifty children, ages 7-8 years, both

  17. Modelling biological Cr(VI) reduction in aquifer microcosm column systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Molokwane, Pulane E; Chirwa, Evans M N

    2013-01-01

    Several chrome processing facilities in South Africa release hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) into groundwater resources. Pump-and-treat remediation processes have been implemented at some of the sites but have not been successful in reducing contamination levels. The current study is aimed at developing an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and self-sustained biological method to curb the spread of chromium at the contaminated sites. An indigenous Cr(VI)-reducing mixed culture of bacteria was demonstrated to reduce high levels of Cr(VI) in laboratory samples. The effect of Cr(VI) on the removal rate was evaluated at concentrations up to 400 mg/L. Following the detailed evaluation of fundamental processes for biological Cr(VI) reduction, a predictive model for Cr(VI) breakthrough through aquifer microcosm reactors was developed. The reaction rate in batch followed non-competitive rate kinetics with a Cr(VI) inhibition threshold concentration of approximately 99 mg/L. This study evaluates the application of the kinetic parameters determined in the batch reactors to the continuous flow process. The model developed from advection-reaction rate kinetics in a porous media fitted best the effluent Cr(VI) concentration. The model was also used to elucidate the logistic nature of biomass growth in the reactor systems.

  18. Diverse functions of myosin VI elucidated by an isoform-specific α-helix domain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wollscheid, Hans-Peter; Biancospino, Matteo; He, Fahu; Magistrati, Elisa; Molteni, Erika; Lupia, Michela; Soffientini, Paolo; Rottner, Klemens; Cavallaro, Ugo; Pozzoli, Uberto; Mapelli, Marina; Walters, Kylie J; Polo, Simona

    2016-04-01

    Myosin VI functions in endocytosis and cell motility. Alternative splicing of myosin VI mRNA generates two distinct isoform types, myosin VI(short) and myosin VI(long), which differ in the C-terminal region. Their physiological and pathological roles remain unknown. Here we identified an isoform-specific regulatory helix, named the α2-linker, that defines specific conformations and hence determines the target selectivity of human myosin VI. The presence of the α2-linker structurally defines a new clathrin-binding domain that is unique to myosin VI(long) and masks the known RRL interaction motif. This finding is relevant to ovarian cancer, in which alternative myosin VI splicing is aberrantly regulated, and exon skipping dictates cell addiction to myosin VI(short) in tumor-cell migration. The RRL interactor optineurin contributes to this process by selectively binding myosin VI(short). Thus, the α2-linker acts like a molecular switch that assigns myosin VI to distinct endocytic (myosin VI(long)) or migratory (myosin VI(short)) functional roles.

  19. Características visuais da embalagem de café no processo de decisão de compra pelo consumidor Visual characteristics of coffee package on consumer's purchase decision process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suzana Maria Della Lucia

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de investigar, usando grupos de foco, atitudes, opiniões, conceitos e pensamentos de consumidores sobre embalagens de café torrado e moído que refletem na sua decisão de compra. Três sessões de grupo de foco de 90 minutos foram realizadas (duas em Viçosa/MG e uma em Londrina/PR, num total de 24 participantes. Foram apresentadas cinco embalagens de café (sendo quatro orgânicas, em razão da maior preocupação em obter dados sobre café orgânico para estimular a conversação, sendo seguido um roteiro de perguntas. Os dados obtidos foram estudados, considerando palavras utilizadas pelos consumidores, sem análise estatística, em razão da característica qualitativa de grupos de foco. Foi observado que os principais fatores considerados no processo de decisão de compra são: preço, cor da embalagem e marca. Muitos participantes mostraram-se fiéis a marcas e outros admitiram pagar mais por um produto orgânico, dependendo do preço do mesmo. Foi sugerido que na embalagem de café orgânico deveria ser salientada a definição do produto para aqueles que não conhecem tal técnica de produção.Focused group technique was used in this work with the aim of investigating consumers' attitudes, opinions, concepts and thoughts related to coffee package, which may affect their purchase decision. Three focus group sessions of ninety minutes were carried out (two sessions in Viçosa/MG and one session in Londrina/PR, totaling 24 participants. Five coffee packages were presented (four being organic coffee packages due to the necessity of obtaining more information about organic coffee. In order to stimulate discussion all consumers (participants? were asked to fill in a questionnaire after each session. The obtained data were studied taking into account statements made by consumers without performing any data statistical analysis due to the focused group's qualitative nature. The main observed factors

  20. The reduction of Np(VI) and Pu(VI) by organic chelating agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reed, D.T.; Aase, S.B.; Banaszak, J.E.

    1998-01-01

    The reduction of NpO 2+ and PuO 2 2+ by oxalate. citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was investigated in low ionic strength media and brines. This was done to help establish the stability of the An(VI) oxidation state in the presence of organic complexants. The stability of the An(VI) oxidation state depended on the pH and relative strength of the various oxidation state-specific complexes. At low ionic strength and pH 6, NpO 2 O 2+ was rapidly reduced to form NpO 2 + organic complexes. At longer times, Np(IV) organic complexes were observed in the presence of citrate. PuO 2 2+ was predominantly reduced to Pu 4+ , resulting in the formation of organic complexes or polymeric/hydrolytic precipitates. The relative rates of reduction to the An(V) complex were EDTA > citrate > oxalate. Subsequent reduction to An(IV) complexes, however, occurred in the following order: citrate > EDTA > oxalate because of the stability of the An(V)-EDTA complex. The presence of organic complexants led to the rapid reduction of NpO 2 2+ and PuO 2 P 2+ in G-seep brine at pHs 5 and 7. At pHs 8 and 10 in ERDA-6 brine, carbonate and hydrolytic complexes predominated and slowed down or prevented the reduction of An(VI) by the organics present

  1. Adsorção de cromo (VI por carvão ativado granular de soluções diluídas utilizando um sistema batelada sob pH controlado Chromium (VI adsorption by GAC from diluted solutions in batch system and controlled ph

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Santos Souza

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Na Amazônia o cromo é empregado principalmente na indústria de couro e de madeira, sendo responsável por vários problemas de saúde porque é tóxico para os seres vivos. A remoção de cromo de efluentes industriais é feita por meio de diversos processos como a adsorção. Este trabalho mostra os resultados da adsorção de Cr(VI por carvão ativado granular comercial (CAG como adsorvente de soluções diluídas empregando um sistema de adsorção batelada com controle de pH. Os grupos funcionais da superfície do CAG foram determinados pelo método de Boehm. Além disso, o efeito do pH na adsorção de Cr(VI, o equilíbrio e a cinética de adsorção foram estudados nas condições experimentais (pH = 6, MA = 6g, tempo de adsorção 90min.. Na superfície do CAG, os grupos carboxílicos foram determinados em maior concentração (MAS=0,43 mmol/gCAG, estes, presentes em concentrações elevadas aumentam a adsorção do metal, principalmente em valores de pH ácidos. A capacidade de adsorção é dependente do pH da solução, devido a sua influência nas propriedades de superfície do CAG e nas diferentes formas iônicas das soluções de Cr(VI. Os dados de equilíbrio da adsorção foram ajustados satisfatoriamente pela isoterma de Langmuir (R²=0,988, tipo favorável. A partir da cinética de adsorção a 5mg/L e 20mg/L, os resultados obtidos foram compatíveis com o valor limite preconizado na legislação nacional (Res. nº 357/05. Portanto, para o sistema experimental utilizando CAG foi eficiente na remoção de Cr(VI a partir de correntes líquidas contendo baixas concentrações do metal.In Amazonia, chromium is mainly used in the leather and wood industries. It is responsible for many health problems, because of its toxicity. These industries remove chromium waste by various processes, such as adsorption. This work shows the results of Cr(VI adsorption by commercial granular activated carbon (GAC as adsorbent from diluted

  2. Avaliação do perfil de trabalhadores e das condições de trabalho em marcenarias no município de Viçosa-MG Evalution of workers' profile and work conditions joineries in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Regina Silva

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos ambientes de trabalho de marcenarias localizadas no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, para realizar o levantamento do perfil dos trabalhadores e das condições de trabalho relacionadas às atividades exercidas em marcenarias, visando a melhoria da saúde, do bem-estar, da segurança, do conforto e da produtividade dos trabalhadores. O levantamento do perfil dos trabalhadores e das condições de trabalho foi realizado por intermédio da aplicação de questionários aos trabalhadores das marcenarias avaliadas e das observações e anotações realizadas durante a coleta dos dados. Pelos resultados obtidos, foram constatados diversos problemas relacionados aos marceneiros, como, por exemplo, cansaço, dores nas pernas e na coluna, alergia devido à utilização de produtos químicos e ao pó da madeira, falta de treinamento para exercer a profissão e praticamente nenhuma noção sobre segurança e higiene no trabalho. A incidência de acidentes relatados foi baixa; as mãos foram as partes mais afetadas por cortes leves, não tendo sido relatado nenhum tipo de acidente grave. Pôde-se constatar também que há necessidade de conscientizar os proprietários das marcenarias sobre a importância e os benefícios da segurança e higiene no trabalho para os seus funcionários.This work was carried out in joineries located in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to survey the profile of workers and work conditions related to the activities performed, aiming to promote health, welfare, safety, comfort and productivity of the workers. This survey was carried out by means of the application of questionnaires to the workers and from observations made during data collection. According to the obtained results, various problems related to the joiners were observed, such as fatigue, pain in legs and spine, allergies due to the use of chemicals and sawdust, lack of training for the work and almost none knowledge about work

  3. Contribution to the study of the redox couple Np(VI)/Np(V) in the presence of uranium(VI) in solutions of nitric acid and nitrous acid; Contribution a l'etude du comportement redox du couple Np(VI)/Np(V) en presence d'uranium VI dans les solutions constituees d'acide nitrique et d'acide nitreux

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arpigny, S. [CEA Marcoule, Dept. de Radiochimie et Procedes, DRP, 30 (France)

    2001-07-01

    The redox behavior of the Np(VI)/Np(V) couple was the subject of a spectrometric study of the Np(VI) reduction reaction in nitric acid solutions (4 to 5 M) containing variable concentrations (1.5 to 3.5 x 10{sup -3} M) of nitrous acid. A low nitrous acid concentration and a high nitric acid concentration were found to favor the stabilization of Np(VI). The stoichiometric coefficients of nitrous acid and nitric acid in the Np(VI) reduction reaction were determined thermodynamically, although only the reaction order with respect to HNO{sub 2} could be calculated from a kinetic analysis. Adding nitrate ions to a HNO{sub 3}/HNO{sub 2} solution enhanced the stability of neptunium at oxidation state +VI, but also increased the reduction rate. When uranium(VI) was added to the HNO{sub 3}/HNO{sub 2} solutions, the total quantity of neptunium at oxidation state +V (either free or as a Np(V)-U(VI) complex) remained practically unchanged, as did the Np(VI) reduction rate. The electrochemical behavior of the Np(VI)/Np(V) couple was investigated in a weak acidic medium by voltammetry with an ultra-micro-electrode (UME). The oxidation wave limiting current variation was a linear function of the Np(V) concentration when a gold UME was used, but not with a platinum UME; the reduction wave limiting current variation versus the Np(V) concentration was linear with either gold or platinum UMEs. The presence of the Np(V)-U(VI) complex in the neptunium solutions was characterized by a shift in the normal apparent potential of the Np(VI)/Np(V) couple toward anodic potentials consistent with the previously determined values of the complexation constants. (author)

  4. Fatores associados à percepção de risco de infecção pelo HIV por puérperas internadas Factors associated with HIV risk perception among hospital postpartum women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neide de Souza Praça

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores associados à percepção de risco de infecção pelo HIV por puérperas internadas em maternidades filantrópicas. MÉTODOS: A amostra constou de 384 puérperas atendidas em duas maternidades filantrópicas do Município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a março de 2000. Todas as puérperas foram entrevistadas após 12 horas de pós-parto, quanto aos aspectos relativos a características sociodemográficas, conhecimento sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis/Aids (DST/Aids e às questões culturais (variáveis independentes e "se ela se sentia em risco de contrair o HIV" (variável dependente. A análise estatística foi feita pelo teste de associação pelo qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 29% das puérperas se consideraram em risco de contrair o HIV. Verificou-se que a mulher que se percebe com risco é aquela que não está em união conjugal/consensual, que apresentou DST em algum momento de sua vida e que acredita que o homem casado se diverte fora de casa como o homem solteiro. O estudo possibilitou identificar o comportamento dos sujeitos para a prevenção e a manutenção de sua saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Identificou-se assimilação das informações sobre a epidemia, influenciando na percepção de risco da mulher, mas foi considerada necessária a intensificação de atividades que promovam o envolvimento do casal e do adolescente na prevenção de infecção pelo vírus da Aids.OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with perception of HIV infection risk among postpartum women admitted to charitable maternity hospitals. METHODS: The study sample comprised 384 postpartum women admitted to two charitable maternity hospitals in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection was carried out from January to March 2000. All women were interviewed 12 hours after delivery and data was collected on sociodemographics, STD/AIDS knowledge and

  5. Hole transfer from CdSe nanoparticles to TQ1 polymer in hybrid solar cell device

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sohail, Muhammad; Shah, Zawar Hussain; Saeed, Shomaila; Bibi, Nasreen; Shahbaz, Sadia; Ahmed, Safeer; Shabbir, Saima; Siddiq, Muhammad; Iqbal, Azhar

    2018-05-01

    In view of realizing the economic viability, we fabricate a solar cell device containing low band gap and easily processable polymer 5-yl-8-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl) quinoxaline (TQ1) and CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) and investigate its charge transport properties. When the TQ1 is combined with the CdSe NPs a strong photoluminescence quenching and shortening of photoluminescence lifetime of the TQ1 is observed indicating exciton transfer from TQ1 to the CdSe NPs. The time-resolved photoluminescence further reveals that the exciton transfer from the polymer to CdSe NPs is very efficient (68%) and it occurs in solar cell as compared to polymer only device. These observations suggest the importance of other II-VI semiconductor NPs to achieve higher efficiency for photovoltaic devices containing TQ1 polymer.

  6. Avaliação da determinação da fibra em detergente neutro e da fibra em detergente ácido pelo sistema ANKOM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Berchielli Telma Teresinha

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e os de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA obtidos com o equipamento ANKOM e pelo método convencional (Van Soest. No primeiro ensaio foram analisados cinco materiais diferentes (cana-de-açúcar, capim-braquiária, silagem de milho, polpa cítrica e fezes bovina e testados quatro tipos de saquinhos para filtragem de amostra. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em um fatorial 5x4 (cinco materiais diferentes e quatro tipos de saquinhos de filtragem, com três repetições. As médias obtidas foram comparadas àquelas obtidas com método convencional. No segundo ensaio procurou-se avaliar o efeito da quantidade de amostra por saquinho (0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 g sobre os teores de FDN e FDA em três tipos de alimentos, utilizando o ANKOM. Neste ensaio, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3 (três alimentos x três quantidades, com três repetições. Os tipos de saquinhos de filtragem utilizados não influenciaram os teores de FDN nos diferentes alimentos, com exceção das fezes, cujos saquinhos de náilon resultaram em concentrações de FDN inferiores. Não houve diferença entre os valores de FDN e FDA, obtidos pelo equipamento ANKOM ou pelo convencional, para os alimentos estudados, com exceção da polpa cítrica, cujo valor médio de FDA pelo ANKOM foi inferior àquele obtido pelo método convencional. A quantidade não exerceu efeito sobre a concentração de FDN dos alimentos analisados no equipamento ANKOM.

  7. Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: a potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.

    2011-01-01

    Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization’s maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 μg L−1) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 μg L−1. To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to ~1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged from 0 to 42 μg kg−1, representing a minute fraction of total Cr. Chromium(VI) content was typically below detection in surface soils (top 10 cm) where soil organic matter was high, and increased with increasing depth in the soil auger cores as organic matter decreased. Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) were up to 3 times greater in the deeper drill core samples than the shallow auger cores. Although Cr(VI) in these vadose zone soils and sediments was only a

  8. Vi behøver innovation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    McAloone, Tim C.

    2007-01-01

    -Produktion og Maskiner. Innovation og bæredygtighed er to områder som vi i Skandinavien giver meget stor opmærksomhed for at kunne vedligeholde vores globale konkurrencekraft og stærke velfærdssamfund. Gennem årene har mange brancher bidraget til skabelsen af vidensbaserede innovationer, og det faktum, at de......Analyse: Vi behøver innovation En ny miljøbølge ruller, og danske virksomheder bør ride med Af Tim McAloone, fredag 02. feb 2007 kl. 04:50 Tim McAloone Lektor og ph.d. ved Institut for mekanik, energi og konstruktion ved DTU. Tim McAloone skriver fremover jævnligt kommentarer i Ingeniøren...... skandinaviske lande er relativt små, har ledt til en interessant evne til at etablere og derefter samarbejde inden for tætte netværk, som strækker sig over både faglige og geografiske grænser. Samtidig har vi set miljøhensyn vinde og tabe samfundsmæssig og industriel opmærksomhed på en nærmest periodisk basis...

  9. Thermodynamic analysis of Cr(VI) extraction using TOPO impregnated membranes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Praveen, Prashant; Loh, Kai-Chee, E-mail: chelohkc@nus.edu.sg

    2016-08-15

    Highlights: • Cr(VI) extraction by extractant impregnated membranes (EIM) was investigated. • EIM exhibited high extraction efficiency, mass transfer rate and stability. • Mass transfer mechanism was proposed based on kinetics and equilibrium data. • Uptake of Cr(VI) by EIMs was endothermic and spontaneous. • Cr(VI) extraction by EIMs was dominated by physical interactions. - Abstract: Solid/liquid extraction of Cr(VI) was accomplished using trioctylphosphine oxide impregnated polypropylene hollow fiber membranes. Extraction of 100–500 mg/L Cr(VI) by the extractant impregnated membranes (EIM) was characterized by high uptake rate and capacity, and equilibrium was attained within 45 min of contact. Extraction equilibrium was pH-dependent (at an optimal pH 2), whereas stripping using 0.2 M sodium hydroxide yielded the highest recovery of 98% within 60 min. The distribution coefficient was independent of initial Cr(VI) concentration, and the linear distribution equilibrium isotherm could be modeled using Freundlich isotherm. The mass transfer kinetics of Cr(VI) was examined using pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models and a mass transfer mechanism was deduced. The distribution coefficient increased with temperature, which indicated endothermic nature of the reaction. Enthalpy and entropy change during Cr(VI) extraction were positive and varied in the range of 37–49 kJ/mol and 114–155 J/mol, respectively. The free energy change was negative, confirming the feasibility and spontaneity of the mass transfer process. Results obtained suggest that EIMs are efficient and sustainable for extraction of Cr(VI) from wastewater.

  10. Influence of Calcium on Microbial Reduction of Solid Phase Uranium (VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Chongxuan; Jeon, Byong-Hun; Zachara, John M.; Wang, Zheming

    2007-01-01

    The effect of calcium on microbial reduction of a solid phase U(VI), sodium boltwoodite (NaUO2SiO3OH · 1.5H2O), was evaluated in a culture of a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium (DMRB), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Batch experiments were performed in a non-growth bicarbonate medium with lactate as electron donor at pH 7 buffered with PIPES. Calcium increased both the rate and extent of Na-boltwoodite dissolution by increasing its solubility through the formation of a ternary aqueous calcium-uranyl-carbonate species. The ternary species, however, decreased the rates of microbial reduction of aqueous U(VI). Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that microbial reduction of solid phase U(VI) is a sequentially coupled process of Na-boltwoodite dissolution, U(VI) aqueous speciation, and microbial reduction of dissolved U(VI) to U(IV) that accumulated on bacterial surfaces/periplasm. The overall rates of microbial reduction of solid phase U(VI) can be described by the coupled rates of dissolution and microbial reduction that were both influenced by calcium. The results demonstrated that dissolved U(VI) concentration during microbial reduction was a complex function of solid phase U(VI) dissolution kinetics, aqueous U(VI) speciation, and microbial activity

  11. A simple Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system for rapid and simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidative degradation of organic pollutants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuan, Yanan; Yang, Shaojie [Department of Environmental Science, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 430079 (China); Zhou, Danna, E-mail: zdncug@163.com [Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 (China); Wu, Feng [Department of Environmental Science, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 430079 (China)

    2016-04-15

    Highlights: • Rapid and simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of organic pollutants occur. • Oxysulfur radicals generated in Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system oxidize the organic pollutants. • Acidic pH facilitates the reactions from both directions of reduction and oxidation. • Degradation potential of aromatic amines depends on the substituted groups. • Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system is promising for “waste control by waste”. - Abstract: Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a heavy-metal contaminant, can be easily reduced to less toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) by sulfite ions (S(IV)). However, S(IV) has not drawn as much attention as the ferrous ion has. We report herein a novel Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system containing sulfite ions that rapidly and simultaneously reduces Cr(VI) and oxidize organic pollutants in the presence of oxygen in aqueous solutions. This Cr(VI)–S(IV)-O{sub 2} system contains the initiator Cr(VI), the reductant S(IV), and the oxidant O{sub 2}, which produce oxysulfur radicals (mainly SO{sub 4}·{sup −} and SO{sub 5}·{sup −}) and hydroxyl radicals (OH·). The Cr(VI)/S(IV) molar ratio, pH, and oxygen content play important roles in the entire reaction system. Acidic conditions (pH 3.0) facilitated degradation of organic compounds and reduction of Cr(VI) as well. In addition, experiments of rapid degradation of several kinds of organic pollutants such as azo dye (acid orange 7, AO7), aniline, phenol, bisphenol A etc were also conducted. Preliminary results show that the removal rates of the analogs of phenols or aromatic amines in this Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system have a relationship with the electronic parameters (Hammett constant, σ) of the substituted groups. Thus, the Cr(VI)–S(IV)–O{sub 2} system, provides an excellent strategy of “waste control by waste” for removing multiple industrial contaminants.

  12. SHOPPING CENTERS: UMA RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS ATRIBUTOS DE ESCOLHA PELOS CONSUMIDORES VERSUS OS ATRIBUTOS VALORIZADOS PELOS GERENTES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vitor Edson Marques Junior

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Embora os shoppings centers estejam em franco processo de ampliação na economia brasileira ainda são poucas as análises envolvendo shoppings centers e atributos motivadores de escolha pelos consumidores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os fatores motivacionais determinantes para a escolha de um shopping por parte dos consumidores. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por alunos de graduação de cursos de Administração. Adicionalmente, foi realizada uma entrevista em profundidade com os gestores dos três shoppings centers da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. O estudo revelou que os atributos motivadores mais valorizados no processo de escolha foram: limpeza, manutenção, segurança dentro do shopping e qualidade do serviço prestado. Este trabalho pretende contribuir com a compreensão da importância dos fatores valorados pelos consumidores de shoppings centers e assim sendo, fornecer material para a melhoria da gestão destes empreendimentos.

  13. Avaliação de empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social com base na hierarquia de valor percebido pelo usuário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Sbaraini Bonatto

    Full Text Available A avaliação de empreendimentos tem grande importância no esforço de melhoria da habitação de interesse social, podendo auxiliar na avaliação de resultados e na identificação de erros e acertos ante os objetivos e ações do projeto. No entanto, a diversidade e dinâmica de programas habitacionais e a falta de clareza nos objetivos dos empreendimentos podem dificultar o processo de avaliação desse tipo de produto. Com frequência, as avaliações realizadas nos empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social têm como foco os atributos do produto, sem estabelecer uma conexão com os objetivos esperados. Neste artigo, propõe-se um modelo para estruturar as avaliações de empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social, adotando uma hierarquia de valor que vincula os atributos às suas consequências de uso e aos objetivos esperados. O modelo não está limitado a um programa habitacional específico e parte da ideia de produto ampliado, ou seja, não está focado apenas no produto habitação. As principais contribuições do estudo referem-se ao mapeamento do produto habitacional e à identificação de influências entre os atributos do produto avaliados e os resultados esperados pelos gestores e percebidos pelos usuários.

  14. Estudo da pressão arterial pelo método indireto oscilométrico (petmap® em cães domésticos não anestesiados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Tebaldi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo das pressões arteriais sistólica, média, diastólica e da frequência cardíaca, pelo método indireto oscilométrico (petmap®, foi realizado em 150 cães atendidos pelo Serviço de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais da FMVZ - Unesp/Botucatu. Investigou-se a influência de fatores como presença do proprietário, estado de saúde, diagnóstico de doença renal, raça, idade, sexo, decúbito, contenção, fluidoterapia, condição corpórea, temperamento, atividade física, dieta e atitude associados ou não à elevação da pressão arterial. Dos 150 cães, 34% encontravam-se sob a categoria de risco mínimo para o desenvolvimento de lesões hipertensivas, 14,6% com hipertensão branda, 22,6% com hipertensão moderada e 28,66%, com hipertensão grave. Houve influência, dos fatores analisados, na elevação da pressão arterial de acordo com a categoria de risco.

  15. A relação entre o preço pago pelo consumidor de carne bovina em Santa Maria e o recebido pelo produtor de gado de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Relationship between price paid by consumers in Santa Maria and prices paid to beef cattle farmers in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Garibaldi Almeida Viana

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa em que medida os preços pagos pelos consumidores de carne bovina - ponto final da cadeia - são repassados ao produtor. Os preços dos diferentes cortes de carne foram coletados através de pesquisa mensal de preços, em quatro supermercados de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Depois de obtidos os valores percentuais dos diferentes cortes na composição da carcaça, estes valores foram multiplicados pelo preço pago pelo consumidor, obtendo-se assim os preços e as proporções dos cortes referentes ao valor ajustado de um quilo de carcaça pago pelo consumidor. Para a obtenção do preço médio do kg do boi vivo recebido pelos produtores, foram considerados os preços coletados pela EMATER-RS. Verificou-se uma baixa variação ao longo do ano das partes componentes da carcaça, na contribuição do preço total. Na média, o dianteiro contribui com 26,10%, o costilhar com 13,40% e o traseiro com 60,50% do preço total da carcaça. O setor a jusante na cadeia bovina tem função reguladora do preço final ao consumidor, com uma margem de operação de 7,61 pontos ao longo do ano. Nos três quadrimestres ao longo do ano, a associação entre o preço recebido pelo produtor (PRP e o pago pelo consumidor (PPC teve um comportamento diferenciado. As associações verificadas foram fraca, negativamente forte e positivamente muito forte para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro quadrimestres, respectivamente.This study analyses how much of prices paid by the consumers of beef meat are passed on to the farmer. The prices of different types of beef cuts were collected monthly in four supermarkets in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. The percentage values of different cuts were obtained and multiplied by the price paid by consumers. Thus, it was calculated the adjusted price of kilogram of carcass commercialized at supermarket. The average price per kilogram of live steers received by the farmer was collected by EMATER-RS. There was a low price variation

  16. 77 FR 64399 - Order of Succession for HUD Region VI

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-10-19

    ... Region VI AGENCY: Office of Field Policy and Management, HUD. ACTION: Notice of Order of Succession... its Field Offices (Region VI). This Order of Succession supersedes all previous Orders of Succession for HUD Region VI. DATES: Effective Date: October 9, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lawrence D...

  17. Consideração da não-linearidade física para as vigas de concreto armado, pelo procedimento refinado da NB1 - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v30i1.3180

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Humberto Martins

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre análise de vigas de concreto armado em que a não-linearidade física para o material é implementada pelo procedimento refinado da NBR-6118. Este modelo considera a não-linearidade física do concreto armado via diagramas de momento x curvatura de uma seção transversal. O modelo de diagrama momento x curvatura apresentado pelos Comentários Técnicos da NBR-6118 - CT-301 do Ibracon (2003 utiliza a deformação média na armadura tracionada, onde se leva em conta a resistência do concreto tracionado entre fissuras (tension stiffening. Portanto, foi implementado, em linguagem de programação Fortran Power Station, o procedimento dado pela norma para a contribuição do concreto tracionado entre fissuras. Para comprovar a validade do procedimento implementado, são realizados exemplos numéricos

  18. Extraction behavior of uranium(VI) with polyurethane foam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tingchia Huang; Donghwang Chen; Muchang Shieh; Chingtsven Huang

    1992-01-01

    The extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution with polyether-based polyurethane (PU) foam was studied. The effects of the kinds and concentrations of nitrate salts, uranium(VI) concentration, temperature, nitric acid concentration, pH, the content of poly(ethylene oxide) in the polyurethane foam, and the ratio of PU foam weight and solution volume on the extraction of uranium(VI) were investigated. The interferences of fluoride and carbonate ions on the extraction of uranium(VI) were also examined, and methods to overcome both interferences were suggested. It was found that no uranium was extracted in the absence of a nitrate salting-out agent, and the extraction behaviors of uranium(IV) with polyurethane foam could be explained in terms of an etherlike solvent extraction mechanism. In addition, the percentage extraction of a multiple stage was also estimated theoretically

  19. Broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma

    OpenAIRE

    Cassol,Vitor E.; Trevisan,Maria E.; Moraes,Eliane Z. C. de; Portela,Luiz O. C.; Barreto,Sérgio Saldanha Menna

    2004-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: A broncoconstrição temporária após o exercício físico tem elevada prevalência em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência e gravidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes, com diagnóstico clínico de asma leve, moderada e grave. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, tipo transversal, não controlado. A amostra constituiu-se de 40 indivíduos asmáticos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 18 anos, que não utilizavam r...

  20. IV-VI mid-infrared VECSEL on Si-substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fill, M.; Felder, F.; Rahim, M.; Khiar, A.; Rodriguez, R.; Zogg, H.; Ishida, A.

    2012-03-01

    Optically pumped VECSEL (vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers) based on IV-VI semiconductors grown on Si cover the entire wavelength range between 3.0 and 10 μm. Thanks to their simple structure and large wavelength coverage they are an interesting alternative laser technology to access the mid-infrared wavelength region. The active layers consist either of homogeneous "bulk" layers, double heterostructures or quantum well structures of the PbSe, PbTe or PbS material system. Maximum operation temperatures of 325 K are achieved with output powers above 200 mWp. Further, continuously tunable VECSEL are presented, emitting between 3.2 and 5.4 μm. The single emission mode is continuously tunable over 50-100 nm around the center wavelength, yielding an output power > 10 mWp. The axial symmetric emission beam has a half divergence angle of < 3.3°.

  1. Studies on 75Se accumulation in rice plants and its effect on yield

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prasad, T.; Arora, S.P.

    1980-01-01

    Radioactive selenium ( 75 Se) as sodium selenosulphate was applied to 8 kg soil per pot so as to get selenium concentration of 0, 0.270, 0.515, 0.764, 1.032 and 1.588 ppm in treatment groups I to VI, respectively. Pusa 2.21 paddy seedlings were transplanted and grown in the pots by conventional procedure. Both grain and straw yields decreased with increase in selenium dose upto 0.764 ppm. Mean dry grain yields per plant at harvest were 6.96, 5.31, 4.30, 3.33, 3.13 and 3.13 g and straw yields were 4.96, 4.05, 3.69, 3.19, 3.56 and 3.72 g, respectively, in treatments I to VI. Maximum plant height per plant also showed a decreasing trend with progressive increase in selenium upto a level of 0.764 ppm. At harvest, the selenium content in treatments I to VI was 0, 2.34, 4.29, 8.01, 10.99 and 12.80 ppm in straw and 0, 1.31, 2.81, 5.92, 9.92 and 10.76 ppm in grains, respectively. Selenium accumulation varied from 5.24 to 9.78 times in grains and 8.06 to 11.66 times in straw as per the dose applied to the soil. (author)

  2. Agressividade na escola: realidades vivenciadas pelos profissionais na educação básica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisângela Cristina dos Santos

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available O tema da Agressividade Escolar e as realidades vividas pelos profissionais da Educação Básica são apresentados neste trabalho trazendo a definição de agressividade como sendo um comportamento que resulta em dano pessoal e em destruição de propriedade, sendo que este dano pode ser tanto psicológico quanto físico. A agressividade é explicada conforme diferentes teorias, desde sua explicação por fatores genéticos, psicológicos, afetivos, emocionais, transtornos neuropsiquiátricos, problemas domésticos, pode ser gerado pelo bullying, sendo também considerada por alguns teóricos como sendo o fruto das influencias sociais, resultado dos modelos observados pelas crianças bem como a forma de vida moderna. A criança não é agressiva “porque quer”, mas não se pode negar a existência da agressão na Educação Básica. Entre 15 professores entrevistados, 10 relataram terem sofrido agressões em sala de aula e nas dependências da escola, agressões estas que se deram nas mais diversas formas, desde a agressão verbal direta e indireta até a agressão física de forma direta. As formas de agressão e a análise destes comportamentos são debatidas ao longo deste trabalho e que traz em sua conclusão o parecer de uma psicóloga que foi entrevistada e apresenta as formas que o profissional e educadores devem agir diante de comportamentos de agressividade Os principais autores foram Alan Train, GabrielMoser, dentre outros. Esta pesquisa foi importante, pois o assunto em questão é muito discutido entre professores, pais e comunidade em geral que reconhece o quanto à agressividade está presente na sociedade.Palavras-chave: educação; educação infantil; agressão; agressividade; comportamento agressivo.

  3. Vi-CRM 197 as a new conjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Micoli, F; Rondini, S; Pisoni, I; Proietti, D; Berti, F; Costantino, P; Rappuoli, R; Szu, S; Saul, A; Martin, L B

    2011-01-17

    An efficacious, low cost vaccine against typhoid fever, especially for young children, would make a major impact on disease burden in developing countries. The virulence capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi (Vi) coupled to recombinant mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein A (Vi-rEPA) has been shown to be highly efficacious. We investigated the use of carrier proteins included in infant vaccines, standardized the conjugation process and developed key assays required for routine lot release at production scale. Vi from a BSL1 organism, Citrobacter freundii, strain WR7011, was used as an alternative to Vi from S. Typhi. We showed that Vi conjugated to CRM(197), a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin, widely used in commercial vaccines, was produced at high yield. Vi-CRM(197) proved immunogenic in animal studies, even without adjuvant. Thus, Vi-CRM(197) appears to be a suitable candidate for the development of a commercially viable, effective typhoid vaccine for developing countries. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. The adsorption ability of Cr(VI) on sawdust–polyaniline nanocomposite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Binh Phan, Thi; Que Do, Ngoc; Thanh Thuy Mai, Thi

    2010-01-01

    The results of this study of sawdust–polyaniline nanocomposite synthesized by a chemical method for Cr(VI) treatment in the environment are presented. Cr(VI) adsorption on a composite was determined by colorimetry. The results showed that sawdust–polyaniline composite synthesized with an aniline:sawdust ratio equal to 0.5 had an adsorption degree of 21.4 mg g −1 and adsorbed nearly 99% of the Cr(VI) after 2 h. The composite could be used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from waste water. The Cr(VI) adsorption ability of the composite slightly depends on the pH value of the medium. The adsorption is fast during the first half hour and then the rate decreases

  5. Testing of ENDF/B-VI data for shielding applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ingersoll, D.T.

    1995-01-01

    Version VI of the U.S. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (END/B-VI) was released for open distribution in 1990 after an extensive multiyear, multilaboratory evaluation effort coordinated by the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG). More than 75 of the 320 evaluations contained in the library are new for Version VI, including many relatively important nuclides and many with substantial changes to the cross-section data. Also, several important changes were made to the basic data formats for Version VI to permit better representation of the data and to allow additional types of data. Although these format changes yielded improved evaluations, they hindered processing of the data for use in applications codes and delayed the timely integral testing of the data. It has been only during the past year that significant integral testing of END/B-VI data has been achieved. The results and conclusions from some of these efforts are summarized in the following paragraphs

  6. Photoreduction of chromium(VI) in the presence of algae, Chlorella vulgaris

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deng Lin; Wang Hongli; Deng Nansheng

    2006-01-01

    In this thesis, the photochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in the presence of algae, Chlorella vulgaris, was investigated under the irradiation of metal halide lamps (λ=365nm, 250W). The affecting factors of photochemical reduction were studied in detail, such as exposure time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, initial algae concentration and pH. The rate of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction increased with algae concentration increasing, exposure time increasing, initial Cr(VI) concentration decreasing and the decrease of pH. When pH increased to 6, the rate of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction nearly vanished. When initial Cr(VI) concentration ranged from 0.4 to 1.0mgL -1 and initial algae concentration ranged from ABS algae (the absorbency of algae)=0.025 to ABS algae =0.180, According to the results of kinetic analyses, the kinetic equation of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction in aqueous solution with algae under 250W metal halide lamps was V 0 =kC 0 0.1718 A algae 0.5235 (C 0 was initial concentration of Cr(VI); A algae was initial concentration of algae) under the condition of pH 4

  7. Importance of c-Type cytochromes for U(VI reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leang Ching

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background In order to study the mechanism of U(VI reduction, the effect of deleting c-type cytochrome genes on the capacity of Geobacter sulfurreducens to reduce U(VI with acetate serving as the electron donor was investigated. Results The ability of several c-type cytochrome deficient mutants to reduce U(VI was lower than that of the wild type strain. Elimination of two confirmed outer membrane cytochromes and two putative outer membrane cytochromes significantly decreased (ca. 50–60% the ability of G. sulfurreducens to reduce U(VI. Involvement in U(VI reduction did not appear to be a general property of outer membrane cytochromes, as elimination of two other confirmed outer membrane cytochromes, OmcB and OmcC, had very little impact on U(VI reduction. Among the periplasmic cytochromes, only MacA, proposed to transfer electrons from the inner membrane to the periplasm, appeared to play a significant role in U(VI reduction. A subpopulation of both wild type and U(VI reduction-impaired cells, 24–30%, accumulated amorphous uranium in the periplasm. Comparison of uranium-accumulating cells demonstrated a similar amount of periplasmic uranium accumulation in U(VI reduction-impaired and wild type G. sulfurreducens. Assessment of the ability of the various suspensions to reduce Fe(III revealed no correlation between the impact of cytochrome deletion on U(VI reduction and reduction of Fe(III hydroxide and chelated Fe(III. Conclusion This study indicates that c-type cytochromes are involved in U(VI reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens. The data provide new evidence for extracellular uranium reduction by G. sulfurreducens but do not rule out the possibility of periplasmic uranium reduction. Occurrence of U(VI reduction at the cell surface is supported by the significant impact of elimination of outer membrane cytochromes on U(VI reduction and the lack of correlation between periplasmic uranium accumulation and the capacity for uranium

  8. Metal contacts on ZnSe and GaN

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duxstad, Kristin Joy [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Science and Mineral Engineering

    1997-05-01

    Recently, considerable interest has been focused on the development of blue light emitting materials and devices. The focus has been on GaN and ZnSe, direct band gap semiconductors with bands gaps of 3.4 and 2.6 eV, respectively. To have efficient, reliable devices it is necessary to have thermally and electrically stable Ohmic contacts. This requires knowledge of the metal-semiconductor reaction behavior. To date few studies have investigated this behavior. Much information has accumulated over the years on the behavior of metals on Si and GaAs. This thesis provides new knowledge for the more ionic wide band gap semiconductors. The initial reaction temperatures, first phases formed, and phase stability of Pt, Pd, and Ni on both semiconductors were investigated. The reactions of these metals on ZnSe and GaN are discussed in detail and correlated with predicted behavior. In addition, comparisons are made between these highly ionic semiconductors and Si and GaAs. The trends observed here should also be applicable to other II-VI and III-Nitride semiconductor systems, while the information on phase formation and stability should be useful in the development of contacts for ZnSe and GaN devices.

  9. Cr(III) reactivity and foot dermatitis in Cr(VI) positive patients

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Malene Barré; Menné, Torkil; Johansen, Jeanne Duus

    2006-01-01

    Chromium allergy has become synonymous with Cr(VI) allergy. However, real exposure to chromium from leather products may include both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). In this study, we investigate the reactivity to both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in consecutive patients to analyse the relation between foot eczema/leather...... to Cr(III). The increased risk was not due to a higher degree of sensitivity to Cr(VI). Leather was reported most frequently as the suspected cause of chromium dermatitis (54%). However, Cr(VI) allergics having foot eczema and positive or doubtful Cr(III) reactions often had positive reactions to other...

  10. An experimental study on the sorption of U(VI) onto granite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baik, Min Hoon; Hahn, Pil Soo

    2002-01-01

    The sorption of U(VI) on a domestic granite is studied as a function of experimental conditions such as contact time, solution-solid ratio, ionic strength, and pH using a batch procedure. The distribution coefficients, K d 's, of U(VI) are about 1-100mL/g depending on the experimental conditions. The sorption of U(VI) onto granite particles is greatly dependent upon the contact time, solution-solid ratio, and pH, but very little is dependent on the ionic strength. It is noticed that an U(VI)-carbonato ternary surface complex can be formed in the neutral range of pH. In the alkaline range of pH above 7, U(VI) sorption onto granite particles is greatly decreased due to the formation of anionic U(VI)-carbonato aqueous complexes

  11. Simultaneous Cr(VI) bio-reduction and methane production by anaerobic granular sludge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Qian; Sun, Jiaji; Sun, Dezhi; Tian, Lan; Ji, Yanan; Qiu, Bin

    2018-08-01

    Wastewater containing toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) were treated with well-organized anaerobic granular sludge in this study. Results showed that the anaerobic granular sludge rapidly removed Cr(VI), and 2000 µg·L -1 Cr(VI) was completely eliminated within 6 min, which was much faster than the reported duration of removal by reported artificial materials. Sucrose added as a carbon source acted as an initial electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). This process was considered as the main mechanism of Cr(VI) removal. Methane production by anaerobic granular sludge was improved by the addition of Cr(VI) at a concentration lower than 500 µg·L -1 . Anaerobic granular sludge had a well-organized structure, which presented good resistance against toxic Cr(VI). Trichoccus accelerated the degradation of organic substances to generate acetates with a low Cr(VI) concentration, thereby enhancing methane production by acetotrophic methanogens. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Proceedings of the International Conference on II-VI Compounds and Related Optoelectronic Materials (6th) Held in Newport, Rhode Island on 13-17 September 1993

    Science.gov (United States)

    1993-09-17

    used. ALE growth is monolayer abruptness. The technique has been accomplished by the sequential flow of each reac- used for the growth of various 11-VI...electric charge distribution ments, the indium profile was measured by the in the neighbourhood of the radioactive probe sequential etching of the orginal...transferred rating Zn, -,MgS, Se, -, layers assume a type I via an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) transfer tube to band lineup between Zn,.MgS,.Se,-. and the II

  13. Re-examination of immune response and estimation of anti-Vi IgG protective threshold against typhoid fever-based on the efficacy trial of Vi conjugate in young children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szu, Shousun C; Klugman, Keith P; Hunt, Steven

    2014-04-25

    The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Vi antigen, is an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen. Similar to other polysaccharide vaccines, the protective action of Vi, both to the polysaccharide alone or when presented as a conjugate, is mediated by serum IgG Vi antibodies. The evaluation of Vi capsular polysaccharide based vaccines to prevent typhoid fever would be significantly facilitated by the identification of a "protective level" of serum antibodies to Vi antigen. The protective level of anti-Vi IgG against typhoid fever was derived from the protective efficacy and immune response of a Vi-rEPA conjugate vaccine efficacy trial. The estimation was derived by two methods: correlation of the percent efficacy and the antibody distribution profile in the vaccine group at a given period of observation, and use of the relative ratio of anti-Vi IgG levels between the vaccine and placebo groups greater or equal to the Relative Risk of typhoid fever used in the efficacy determination. Both methods predicted a similar range of a minimum protective level of anti-Vi IgG between 1.4 and 2.0μg/ml (short term threshold). When applying a protective threshold of 10μg/ml at 6 months post immunization, an IgG level in excess of 1.4μg/ml was achieved by 90% of children at 46 months post immunization, consistent with an 89% level of protection over the duration of the study. We thus suggest that the proportion of children with Vi IgG>10μg/ml (long term threshold) 6 months after immunization may reflect the proportion protected over at least a 4 year period. The current assignment of an anti-Vi IgG protective level may be of value when evaluating vaccine performance of future Vi conjugate vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  14. Factors affecting the adsorption of chromium (VI) on activated carbon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yavuz, R.; Orbak, I.; Karatepe, N. [Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul (Turkey)

    2006-09-15

    The aim of this investigation was to determine the adsorption behavior of chromium (VI) on two different activated carbon samples produced from Tuncbilek lignite. The effects of the initial chromium (VI) concentration (250-1000 mg/L), temperature (297-323 K) and pH (2.0-9.5) on adsorption were investigated systematically. The effectiveness of the parameters on chromium adsorption was found to be in the order of pH, the initial Cr(VI) concentration and the temperature. Increasing the pH from 2.0 to 9.5 caused a decrease in adsorption. However, the adsorption was increased by increasing the initial Cr(VI) concentration and temperature. The multilinear mathematical model was also developed to predict the Cr(VI) adsorption on activated carbon samples within the experimental conditions.

  15. Quantitative study of elemental inter-diffusion across ZnSe/GaAs interface by using SIMS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gard, F.S.; Riley, J.; Usher, B.F.; Prince, K.; Burke, P.

    1999-01-01

    ZnSe and related II-VI materials are wide bandgap semiconductors, which are expected to be used for blue/green lasers. However, the maximum lifetime of the devices has not been increased beyond 400 hours for the last 3 years. In this time commercial GaN-based devices have been successfully introduced to market. However GaN-based devices do not cover the whole range of green region, due to their bandgaps. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) of ZnSe-based materials has overcome some of the problems traditionally encountered in producing high-quality crystalline ZnSe. Controlled doping of ZnSe to produce n- and p- type material has made it possible to develop high efficiency pin diodes for use in the visible region. ZnSe-based materials still have a technological future, however remaining problems are yet to be solved. This paper present data obtained from ZnSe epilayers grown on GaAs substrates by MBE. At temperatures over 500 deg C diffusion og Ga atoms was clearly observed. The diffusion of As atoms was relatively small compared to the Ga atoms

  16. The band gap of II-Vi ternary alloys in a tight-binding description

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Olguin, Daniel; Blanquero, Rafael [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F (Mexico); De Coss, Romeo [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Yucatan (Mexico)

    2001-02-01

    We present tight-binding calculations for the band gap of II-Vi pseudobinary ternary alloys. We use an sp{sup 3} s* tight-binding Hamiltonian which include spin-orbit coupling. The band gap composition dependence is calculated using a extended version of the virtual crystal approximation, which introduce an empirical correction factor that takes into account the non-linear dependence of the band gap with the composition. The results compare quite well with the experimental data, both for the ternary alloys with wide band gap and for the narrow band gap ones. [Spanish] Presentamos el calculo de la banda de energia prohibida de aleaciones ternarias de compuestos II-VI. El calculo, que incluye interaccion espin-orbita, se hace con el metodo de enlace fuerte, utilizando una base ortogonal de cinco orbitales atomicos por atomo (sp{sup 3} s*), en conjunto con la aproximacion del cristal virtual. En la aproximacion del cristal virtual, incluimos un factor de correccion que toma en cuenta la no linealidad de la banda de energia prohibida como funcion de la concentracion. Con esta correccion nuestros resultados reproducen aceptablemente los datos experimentales hallados en la literatura.

  17. Voltage-Dependent Charge Storage in Cladded Zn0.56Cd0.44Se Quantum Dot MOS Capacitors for Multibit Memory Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, J.; Lingalugari, M.; Al-Amoody, F.; Jain, F.

    2013-11-01

    As conventional memories approach scaling limitations, new storage methods must be utilized to increase Si yield and produce higher on-chip memory density. Use of II-VI Zn0.56Cd0.44Se quantum dots (QDs) is compatible with epitaxial gate insulators such as ZnS-ZnMgS. Voltage-dependent charging effects in cladded Zn0.56Cd0.44Se QDs are presented in a conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure. Charge storage capabilities in Si and ZnMgS QDs have been reported by various researchers; this work is focused on II-VI material Zn0.56Cd0.44Se QDs nucleated using photoassisted microwave plasma metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Using capacitance-voltage hysteresis characterization, the multistep charging and discharging capabilities of the QDs at room temperature are presented. Three charging states are presented within a 10 V charging voltage range. These characteristics exemplify discrete charge states in the QD layer, perfect for multibit, QD-functionalized high-density memory applications. Multiple charge states with low operating voltage provide device characteristics that can be used for multibit storage by allowing varying charges to be stored in a QD layer based on the applied "write" voltage.

  18. Evaluación del desarrollo testicular y medidas morfométricas en ovinos de pelo colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amado Espitia-Pacheco

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Las medidas corporales en ovinos son útiles como indicador de tipo y función, permiten mejorar la selección. Se conocen estudios biométricos en ovinos que, relacionan la importancia de estas medidas con algunas variables productivas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el desarrollo testicular y su relación con los parámetros morfométricos en ovinos de pelo colombiano, en el municipio de Sampués, Sucre, Colombia. Se utilizaron doce ovinos machos (destetados nacidos entre febrero y abril del 2014, sobre los cuales se tomaron las siguientes medidas: circunferencia escrotal (CE, peso corporal (PC, altura a la grupa (AG, alzada a la cruz (AC y longitud testicular derecha e izquierda (LTD y LTI, cada veintiocho días hasta los doce meses de edad. Para CE se efectuó análisis de regresión múltiple (RM del PC; AG; AC; LT. Para describir la variación del LT, el modelo incluyó solo las variables PC; AG; AC. El grado de asociación entre las variables estudiadas, se realizó por medio de correlación Pearson. La circunferencia escrotal mostró una correlación alta con los parámetros morfométricos evaluados. Dentro del análisis de RM, el PC influyó en la variable CE (p<0,05, mientras que las demás variables no influyeron significativamente. Según el coeficiente de regresión asociado a la medición, por cada kg de incremento en PC, hubo un correspondiente aumento de 0,09 cm en la CE.

  19. Analytical applications of N-phenyl-n-butyro hydroxamic and N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acids towards chromium (VI), copper (II), iron (III) and uranium (VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elkhadir, A. Y. F.

    2001-05-01

    Two aliphatic hydroxamic acids were prepared; N-phenyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid and N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid, by the reaction of β-phenylhydroxylamine and p-tolyl hydroxylamine with n-butyryl chloride. The acids were identified by: their melting points, characteristic reactions with acidic solutions of vanadium (V) and iron (III), infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen content and molecular weight determination. The extractability of these acids towards Cr (VI), Cu (II), Fe (III) and U (VI) were investigated at different pH values and molar acid concentrations. N-phenyl-n- butyro hydroxamic acid has a maximum extraction (98.80%) for Cr (VI) at 4 M H 2 SO 4 , (83.25%) for Cu (II) at pH 6, (99.17%) for Fe (III) at pH 5 and (99.76%) at 4 M HNO 3 for U (VI) respectively. N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid has a maximum extraction (98.40%) for Cr (VI)at 4 M H 2 SO 4 , (81.30%) for Cu (II) at pH 6, (92.80%) for Fe (III) at pH 5 and (99.64%) for U (VI) at 4 M HNO 3 , respectively. The ratios of the metal to ligands were determined by job method (continuous variation method) and were found to be 1:2 for Cr (VI) and U (VI). (Author)

  20. Analytical applications of N-phenyl-n-butyro hydroxamic and N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acids towards chromium (VI), copper (II), iron (III) and uranium (VI)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Elkhadir, A Y. F. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum (Sudan)

    2001-05-01

    Two aliphatic hydroxamic acids were prepared; N-phenyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid and N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid, by the reaction of {beta}-phenylhydroxylamine and p-tolyl hydroxylamine with n-butyryl chloride. The acids were identified by: their melting points, characteristic reactions with acidic solutions of vanadium (V) and iron (III), infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen content and molecular weight determination. The extractability of these acids towards Cr (VI), Cu (II), Fe (III) and U (VI) were investigated at different pH values and molar acid concentrations. N-phenyl-n- butyro hydroxamic acid has a maximum extraction (98.80%) for Cr (VI) at 4 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, (83.25%) for Cu (II) at pH 6, (99.17%) for Fe (III) at pH 5 and (99.76%) at 4 M HNO{sub 3} for U (VI) respectively. N-p-tolyl-n-butyro hydroxamic acid has a maximum extraction (98.40%) for Cr (VI)at 4 M H{sub 2} SO{sub 4}, (81.30%) for Cu (II) at pH 6, (92.80%) for Fe (III) at pH 5 and (99.64%) for U (VI) at 4 M HNO{sub 3}, respectively. The ratios of the metal to ligands were determined by job method (continuous variation method) and were found to be 1:2 for Cr (VI) and U (VI). (Author)

  1. Uso de condom feminino por mulheres infectadas pelo HIV Female condom use among HIV-infected women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jarbas Magalhães

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a aceitabilidade, a adesão e a experiência com o uso de condom feminino (CF entre mulheres infectadas pelo HIV. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo prospectivo com 76 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV atendidas no CAISM/UNICAMP e no Centro Corsini de Campinas. Após entrevista de triagem e concordando em participar, as voluntárias receberam calendário para registro das relações sexuais e uso de condom masculino (CM. Após 30 dias, compareceram à visita de treinamento com colocação do CF em modelo pélvico, trazendo o diário do ciclo anterior, considerado controle. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado após 30, 60 e 90 dias, recolhendo-se sempre o diário de registro das relações sexuais e uso de CF ou CM. Usaram-se os testes de c², exato de Fisher, McNemar e Friedman para amostras emparelhadas na análise estatística. RESULTADOS: predominaram as mulheres jovens, de baixa escolaridade, que moravam com o parceiro. Observou-se taxa de continuidade de uso de 52%, ao longo de 90 dias. O uso de CF, em metade das relações sexuais em cada período de estudo, permaneceu estável nos 90 dias. Houve significativa diminuição da proporção média das relações sexuais desprotegidas (de 14% para 6%, sem uso de CM ou CF, aos 90 dias. As dificuldades iniciais no manuseio do CF foram superadas com o tempo. Os casais sorodiscordantes tiveram maior proporção de relações protegidas que os casais soroconcordantes, porém a diferença não foi significativa. As mulheres que relataram uso prévio consistente de CM apresentaram número significantemente maior de relações protegidas com CF. CONCLUSÕES: a oferta do CF foi capaz de reduzir as relações sexuais desprotegidas entre mulheres infectadas pelo HIV, que se mostraram motivadas e receptivas a este método.PURPOSE: to evaluate acceptability, adhesion and experience with the use of female condom (FC among HIV-infected women. METHODS: prospective descriptive study with 76 HIV

  2. Photoreduction of chromium(VI) in the presence of algae, Chlorella vulgaris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deng Lin [School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Wang Hongli [School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Deng Nansheng [School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)]. E-mail: nsdengwhu@163.com

    2006-11-16

    In this thesis, the photochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in the presence of algae, Chlorella vulgaris, was investigated under the irradiation of metal halide lamps ({lambda}=365nm, 250W). The affecting factors of photochemical reduction were studied in detail, such as exposure time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, initial algae concentration and pH. The rate of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction increased with algae concentration increasing, exposure time increasing, initial Cr(VI) concentration decreasing and the decrease of pH. When pH increased to 6, the rate of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction nearly vanished. When initial Cr(VI) concentration ranged from 0.4 to 1.0mgL{sup -1} and initial algae concentration ranged from ABS{sub algae} (the absorbency of algae)=0.025 to ABS{sub algae}=0.180, According to the results of kinetic analyses, the kinetic equation of Cr(VI) photochemical reduction in aqueous solution with algae under 250W metal halide lamps was V{sub 0}=kC{sub 0}{sup 0.1718}A{sub algae}{sup 0.5235} (C{sub 0} was initial concentration of Cr(VI); A{sub algae} was initial concentration of algae) under the condition of pH 4.

  3. Pre-travel health advice for human immunodeficiency virus-infected travelers, from Rio de Janeiro Aconselhamento pré-viagem para os viajantes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana no Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Pereira Igreja

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Counseling for human immunodeficiency virus infected travelers is becoming increasingly specialized. Previous studies have reported the experience of HIV-infected travelers from temperate-climate countries but little is known about HIV-infected travelers from tropical countries. A retrospective study was conducted on HIV-infected travelers presenting at a travel health clinic in Rio de Janeiro. Eleven journeys by ten people were recorded. Brazil (Amazon region and Northeast was the destination for six journeys. Other destinations were Peru, Angola, Europe and Asia. Nine attendees were undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Few HIV-infected people from Rio de Janeiro consulted a travel medicine specialist before traveling. Since they travel to destinations in Brazil and abroad where there are endemic diseases not encountered in Rio de Janeiro, careful pre-travel planning needs to be undertaken. Strategies for increasing the frequency of pre-travel consultations need to be developed, such as closer collaboration between HIV clinics and travel health clinics.O aconselhamento para os viajantes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana está se especializando cada vez mais. Estudos prévios relatam a experiência dos viajantes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana dos países de clima temperado, mas pouco se sabe sobre os viajantes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana dos países tropicais. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos viajantes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana que consultaram um serviço de medicina de viagem no Rio de Janeiro. Dez viajantes realizaram onze viagens. O Brasil (Amazônia e Nordeste foi o destino de seis viagens. Outros destinos foram Peru, Angola, Europa e Ásia. Nove pacientes estavam sob terapia anti-retroviral. No Rio de Janeiro, poucas pessoas infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana consultaram um especialista em medicina de viagem antes de viajar. Como elas

  4. CoQ10 Deficiency May Indicate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cr(VI Toxicity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiali Zhong

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the toxic mechanism of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI and search for an antidote for Cr(VI-induced cytotoxicity, a study of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Cr(VI and cell survival by recovering mitochondrial function was performed. In the present study, we found that the gene expression of electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH was strongly downregulated by Cr(VI exposure. The levels of coenzyme 10 (CoQ10 and mitochondrial biogenesis presented by mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number were also significantly reduced after Cr(VI exposure. The subsequent, Cr(VI-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis were characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS accumulation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD and ATP production, increased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA content, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP opening, increased Ca2+ levels, Cyt c release, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and significantly elevated Bax expression. The Cr(VI-induced deleterious changes were attenuated by pretreatment with CoQ10 in L-02 hepatocytes. These data suggest that Cr(VI induces CoQ10 deficiency in L-02 hepatocytes, indicating that this deficiency may be a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction in Cr(VI poisoning and that exogenous administration of CoQ10 may restore mitochondrial function and protect the liver from Cr(VI exposure.

  5. Procedure for plutonium determination using Pu(VI) spectra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Walker, L.F.; Temer, D.J.; Jackson, D.D.

    1996-01-01

    This document describes a simple spectrophotometric method for determining total plutonium in nitric acid solutions based on the spectrum of Pu(VI). Plutonium samples in nitric acid are oxidized to Pu(VI) with Ce(IV) and the net absorbance at the 830 nm peak is measured

  6. Atomic imaging of an InSe single-crystal surface with atomic force microscope

    OpenAIRE

    Uosaki, Kohei; Koinuma, Michio

    1993-01-01

    The atomic force microscope was employed to observed in air the surface atomic structure of InSe, one of III-VI compound semiconductors with layered structures. Atomic arrangements were observed in both n-type and p-type materials. The observed structures are in good agreement with those expected from bulk crystal structures. The atomic images became less clear by repeating the imaging process. Wide area imaging after the imaging of small area clearly showed that a mound was created at the sp...

  7. Piperaceae C. Agardh da Estação Experimental Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa, MG Piperaceae C. Agardh from the Experimental Station of "Mata do Paraíso", Viçosa, MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita Maria de Carvalho-Okano

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho consistiu no levantamento dos representantes de Piperaceae na Estação Experimental Mata do Paraíso, no município de Viçosa, MG (20º42'S e 42º55'W, coberta por Floresta Estacionai Semidecidual Montana. No período de março/97 a junho/98 foram realizadas 30 visitas quinzenais à Estação para coleta de material botânico que se encontra depositado no herbário VIC da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram reconhecidos 18 táxons distribuídos nos gêneros Piper L. com 14 espécies, Ottonia Spreng. com três e Pothomorphe Miq. com uma espécie. As espécies mais abundantes foram Piper caldense C.DC., Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth e Piper vicosanum Yunck. São apresentadas chaves para identificação dos gêneros e espécies, descrições, ilustrações e comentários.An inventory of the Piperaceae species was made at the Experimental Station of "Mata do Paraíso" in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State (20º42'S and 42º55'W, an area covered by the Semideciduous Mesophytic Montana Forest. Thirty visits were made fortnightly to the station, from March/1997 to June/1998, in order to collect botanical material which was deposited in the VIC herbarium (Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Eighteen taxa, represented by the genera Piper L. (14 species, Ottonia Spreng (3 species, and Potliotnorplie Miq. (1 species were recognized. The most abundant species were Piper caldense CDC, Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth and Piper vicosanum Yunck. Identification keys for the genera and species as well as species descriptions, illustrations and comments are presented.

  8. Synthesis of surface Cr (VI)-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for selective dispersive solid-phase extraction and determination of Cr (VI) in water samples.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qi, Xue; Gao, Shuang; Ding, Guosheng; Tang, An-Na

    2017-01-01

    A facile, rapid and selective magnetic dispersed solid-phase extraction (dSPE) method for the extraction and enrichment of Cr (VI) prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was introduced. For highly selective and efficient extraction, magnetic Cr (VI)-imprinted nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @ Cr (VI) IIPs) were prepared by hyphenating surface ion-imprinted with sol-gel techniques. In the preparation process, chromate (Cr(VI)) was used as the template ion; vinylimidazole and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were selected as organic functional monomer and co-monomer respectively. Another reagent, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was adopted as coupling agent to form the stable covalent bonding between organic and inorganic phases. The effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency, such as pH of sample solution, the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, the type and concentration of eluent were systematically investigated. Furthermore, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the adsorption process were studied to explore the internal adsorption mechanism. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration factor, limit of detection and linear range of the established dSPE-AAS method for Cr (VI) were found to be 98, 0.29μgL -1 and 4-140μgL -1 , respectively. The developed method was also successfully applied to the analysis of Cr (VI) in different water samples with satisfactory results, proving its reliability and feasibility in real sample analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Efeito de inseticidas sistêmicos aplicados no solo na produção do feijoeiro Common bean yielding components affected by systemic insecticide application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germano Leao Demolin Leite

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou o estudo dos componentes de produção na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L., quando se utilizaram os inseticidas sistêmicos Aldicarb 150 G (6 kg/ha e Fosthiazate 100 G (10, 20, 30 e 40 kg/ha, além da testemunha. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa (MG, em abril-julho de 1994. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de 500 plantas. Avaliaram-se altura das plantas, número de nós, mortalidade de plantas, número de flores, vagens, óvulos e grãos danificados (identificando-se os causadores dos danos. Foi estimada a produtividade média de cada tratamento, as perdas ocorridas e suas causas. A partir desses dados, confeccionou-se tabela de vida para a cultura. Não se verificou efeito dos inseticidas Aldicarb e Fosthiazate quanto à altura e ao número de nós das plantas de feijoeiro. O componente de produção que mais sofreu perdas foi a vagem devido ao ataque de Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] seguido da mortalidade de plantas na fase vegetativa e grãos (pelo ataque do fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. A flutuação de perdas totais foi mais influenciada pela mortalidade de plantas seguida pelo abortamento de flores. Ocorreu menor mortalidade de plantas na fase vegetativa com o aumento na dosagem de Fosthiazate.The main purpose of this research work carried out in 1994 at the Federal University of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, was to determine the effects of systemic insecticides on several common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. yielding components. Life tables have been developed based on mortality rates as well as the effects of soil application of systemic insecticides on several traits (plant height and plant mortality; nodule, flower and bean average numbers; percentage of damaged grains. Aldicarb 150 G and Phostiazate revealed no significant effects on

  10. A CULINÁRIA INDÍGENA COMO ELO DE PASSAGEM DA “CULTURA” PARA A “NATUREZA”: INVERTENDO LÉVI-STRAUSS

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    MÁRTIN CÉSAR TEMPASS

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available According to Claude Lévi-Strauss, the cuisine constitutes a passing link fromstage of nature to stage of culture. Based on ethnographic research among the Mbyá-Guarani,this article analyzes this assertion under the light of the Amerindian cosmology. However, thedichotomy between nature and culture does not apply to indigenous groups, since for thesenature and culture constitute a hybrid. To this hybridism might also be added the domain ofsupernatural. In terms of analysis this hybrid configuration does not allow any kind oftransition from one domain to another. Yet the transition is possible among the three possibleconditions of life in cosmos – animality, humanity and divinity. Human beings may perform thetransition to animality as well as the transition to divinity. But no matter the course of thetransition, although in different conditions in cosmos, from humanity one will always achieveanimality. As conceptualized by Lévi-Strauss, from culture always occurs the trasition to nature.However, in one direction ex-humans will control nature beings, in another one, they will becontrolled by nature. This isn’t just about a peculiarity of indigenous groups, it may also befound in societies so-called “modern”, however under others shapes.Segundo Claude Lévi-Strauss, a culinária constitui um elo de passagem da etapada natureza para o estágio da cultura. A partir da pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre osMbyá-Guarani, o presente artigo analisa esta afirmação sob a luz da cosmologia ameríndia.No entanto, a dicotomia entre natureza e cultura não se aplica aos grupos indígenas, pois, paraestes, as categorias natureza e cultura constituem um híbrido. E a este hibridismo podemosacrescentar também o domínio da sobrenatureza. E, em termos de análise, essa configuraçãohibrida não possibilita haver qualquer tipo de passagem entre um domínio e outro. Mas apassagem é possível entre as três possíveis condições de vida no cosmos

  11. AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÃGIAS?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Fernandes Pereira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor â o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

  12. Levantamento do número de pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que consomem alimentos não fornecidos pelo hospital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anelise Siviero Ribeiro

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Dada à falta de evidência a respeito do consumo de alimentos trazidos de fora do hospital pelos pacientes baixados, este estudo teve como objetivo principal saber qual a prevalência de pacientes internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA que consomem alimentos não fornecidos pelo hospital. Como objetivos secundários desejou-se saber quais as principais causas que levam os pacientes a consumirem outros alimentos e qual o seu nível de conhecimento a respeito dos riscos que estão sujeitos ao fazer essa prática. Os profissionais de saúde também foram alvo da pesquisa, quando se buscou saber a sua posição frente à possibilidade do paciente não estar seguindo as recomendações dietéticas. Foi um estudo transversal com aplicação de questionários por pessoal treinado, tanto aos pacientes quanto aos profissionais de saúde. As variáveis obtidas e/ou calculadas foram avaliadas através de medidas e de testes estatísticos. Foi usada análise descritiva de freqüências absolutas e relativas, teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. Em torno de 70% dos pacientes internados no HCPA consomem alimentos trazidos de fora do hospital e cerca de 25% dos profissionais de saúde aconselham essa prática. Em vista dos resultados se faz necessário uma campanha educativa a nível institucional, visando pacientes, familiares e funcionários.

  13. Modelling Cr(VI) removal by a combined carbon-activated sludge system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Orozco, A. Micaela Ferro; Contreras, Edgardo M.; Zaritzky, Noemi E.

    2008-01-01

    The combined carbon-activated sludge process has been proposed as an alternative to protect the biomass against toxic substances in wastewaters; however, the information about the effect of powdered-activated carbon (PAC) addition in activated sludge reactors for the treatment of wastewaters containing Cr(VI) is limited. The objectives of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the removal of hexavalent chromium by (i) activated sludge microorganisms in aerobic batch reactors, (ii) powdered-activated carbon, and (iii) the combined action of powdered-activated carbon and biomass; (b) to propose mathematical models that interpret the experimental results. Different Cr(VI) removal systems were tested: (S1) biomass (activated sludge), (S2) PAC, and (S3) the combined activated carbon-biomass system. A Monod-based mathematical model was used to describe the kinetics of Cr(VI) removal in the system S1. A first-order kinetics with respect to Cr(VI) and PAC respectively, was proposed to model the removal of Cr(VI) in the system S2. Cr(VI) removal in the combined carbon-biomass system (S3) was faster than both Cr(VI) removal using PAC or activated sludge individually. Results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) using the activated carbon-biomass system (S3) was adequately described by combining the kinetic equations proposed for the systems S1 and S2

  14. El cromo (VI Induce la frecuencia de mutación y pérdida de Heterocigocidad En Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Santoyo

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available El cromo (Cr es uno de los principales contaminantes en desechos industriales, asociado con diversos daños a la saludhumana, motivo por el que en este trabajo analizamos el efecto del Cr hexavalente sobre la frecuencia de mutaciónespontánea (utilizando el gen reporteroCAN1 y la pérdida de heterocigocidad en la levaduraSaccharomycescerevisiae. Se comparó su efecto en una mutante en el genrev3, que codifica para la polimerasa zeta. Los resultadossugieren que el Cr(VI puede inducir la frecuencia de mutación entre 20 y 28 veces, a concentraciones de 25 y 50mM, respectivamente eincrementarse en una mutanterev3y aunque no se observaron los mismos niveles como enla cepa silvestre, esto sugiere que, además derev3, existen otros factores que inducen la aparición de mutacionesen el marcador empleado. El Cr también tuvo un efecto al aumentar la pérdida de heterocigocidad de entre 50 y57 veces en la cepa silvestre y la mutanterev3, respectivamente. Estos resultados muestran queREV3participa en elefecto mutagénico causado por el Cr(VI, pero no en la pérdida de heterocigocidad, en las células de la levadura.

  15. A CMOS rail-to-rail linear VI-converter

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vervoort, P.P.; Vervoort, P.P.; Wassenaar, R.F.

    1995-01-01

    A linear CMOS VI-converter operating in strong inversion with a common-mode input range from the negative to the positive supply rail is presented. The circuit consists of three linear VI-converters based on the difference of squares principle. Two of these perform the actual V to I conversion,

  16. Pedras sobre vidas: vítimas e viúvas na indústria de mármore em Itaoca (ES Stones crushing lives: victims and their widows in the marble industry in Itaoca (ES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria das Graças Barbosa Moulin

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apresenta, em estudo etnográfico, impactos sociais gerados para famílias de trabalhadores vítimas de acidentes de trabalho fatais no setor de rochas ornamentais em Itaoca, distrito de Cachoeiro do Itapemirim (ES. Analisaram-se os núcleos de sentido: cultura familiar; vivência dos acidentes fatais; experiências de lutos familiares; modo de agir da empresa e do sindicato em relação aos direitos; recursos materiais, simbólicos e afetivos usados pelas famílias para enfrentar adversidades decorrentes do acidente. A gestão autoritária, baseada no apelo à virilidade e na improvisação, propicia a ocorrência de acidentes. Necessidades de subsistência, valorização do trabalho como atributo de honradez e ausência de outras opções contribuem para sujeitar os trabalhadores. A maioria das viúvas encontra na fé religiosa, na solidariedade da família e da comunidade e na assistência prestada pelo sindicato, apoio afetivo, simbólico e material. Constata-se omissão dos empresários e ausência de proteção do poder público às famílias. Apontam-se avanços na organização dos trabalhadores em sindicato e mudanças positivas promovidas por empresários do setor, premidos pelos critérios exigidos para exportação.This text based on an ethnographic survey presents the social impact on the families of victims of fatal work accidents in the ornamental stone industry in Itaoca, district of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The following elements are analyzed: family culture; living with fatal accidents; experiences of family grief; the way the companies and the union deal with worker rights; material, symbolic, and emotional resources used by the families to face hardship caused by accidents. Authoritarian management appealing to masculinity and improvisation are factors that favor work accidents. The need to earn their living, the fact of valuing work as an attribute of honorableness and lack of options

  17. Ternary uranium(VI) carbonato humate complex studied by cryo-TRLFS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steudtner, R.; Sachs, S.; Schmeide, K.; Brendler, V.; Bernhard, G.

    2011-01-01

    The complex formation of U(VI) with humic acid (HA) in the presence of carbonate was studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy at low temperature (cryo-TRLFS) at pH 8.5. In the presence of HA, a decrease of the luminescence intensity of U(VI) and no shift of the emission band maxima in comparison to the luminescence spectrum of the UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 4- complex, the dominating U(VI) species under the applied experimental conditions in the absence of HA, was observed. The formation of a ternary U(VI) carbonato humate complex of the type UO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 HA(II) 4- starting from UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 4- was concluded from the luminescence data. For this complex a complex stability constant of log K=2.83 ± 0.17 was determined. Slope analysis resulted in a slope of 1.12 ± 0.11, which verifies the postulated complexation reaction. The results agree very well with literature data. Speciation calculations show that the formation of the ternary U(VI) carbonato humate complex can significantly influence the U(VI) speciation under environmental conditions. (orig.)

  18. THE SURPRISINGLY CONSTANT STRENGTH OF O VI ABSORBERS OVER COSMIC TIME

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fox, Andrew J.

    2011-01-01

    O VI absorption is observed in a wide range of astrophysical environments, including the local interstellar medium, the disk and halo of the Milky Way, high-velocity clouds, the Magellanic Clouds, starburst galaxies, the intergalactic medium (IGM), damped Lyα systems, and gamma-ray-burst host galaxies. Here, a new compilation of 775 O VI absorbers drawn from the literature is presented, all observed at high resolution (instrumental FWHM ≤ 20 km s -1 ) and covering the redshift range z = 0-3. In galactic environments [log N(H I) ∼> 20], the mean O VI column density is shown to be insensitive to metallicity, taking a value log N(O VI) ∼ 14.5 for galaxies covering the range -1.6 ∼ 4 K) clouds and hot (∼10 6 K) plasma, although many such layers would have to be intersected by a typical galaxy-halo sight line to build up the characteristic galactic N(O VI). The alternative, widely used model of single-phase photoionization for intergalactic O VI is ruled out by kinematic evidence in the majority of IGM O VI components at low and high redshift.

  19. Reduction of trace quantities of chromium(VI by strong acids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pezzin Sérgio H

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The chemical behavior of Cr(VI at low concentrations (10-4 to 10-7 mol L-1 in several strong acids was studied using high specific activity 51Cr(VI as a tracer. The speciation of the products from these systems was carried out by ion exchange chromatography with stepwise elution. The results show that trace quantities of Cr(VI, monitored by means of radiochromium (51Cr, are reduced in the presence of mineral acids such as perchloric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, sulfuric, nitric and trifluoromethanesulfonic acids, even in the absence of conventional reducing agents, producing different measureable Cr(III species, depending on the acid anion. Detailed studies of the reduction of low concentrations of Cr(VI with nitric acid have shown that the relative rate of reduction increases as the concentration of the acid increases or as the concentration of the Cr(VI decreases.

  20. Utilização de nitrogênio de adubos verde e mineral pelo milho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. B. Scivittaro

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Desenvolveu-se, na Estação Experimental de Piracicaba - Instituto Agronômico (SAA-SP, de março/94 a setembro/95, um experimento para avaliar o potencial de fornecimento de nitrogênio de adubos, verde e mineral, aplicados, de forma exclusiva ou combinada, na cultura do milho. Em uma primeira fase, produziram-se, simultaneamente, mucuna-preta sem marcação isotópica no campo e adubo verde marcado com 15N em casa de vegetação e, na segunda, a mucuna-preta foi incorporada ao solo, cultivando-se, em seguida, milho. O experimento constou dos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, 15N-mucuna-preta (4,4 t ha-1 de matéria seca e 25,8 g kg-1 de N, 15N-uréia (50 e 100 kg ha-1 de N e as possíveis combinações de mucuna-preta e uréia marcadas ou não com 15N. Esses foram dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O solo forneceu a maior parte do N acumulado nas plantas de milho, seguido, em ordem decrescente, pela uréia e mucuna-preta. A contribuição da uréia para o N acumulado nas plantas de milho foi proporcional à dose aplicada. O aproveitamento de nitrogênio da uréia pelo milho foi maior que o da mucuna-preta, sendo os melhores efeitos proporcionados pela combinação das duas fontes.

  1. MANEJO DE DEJETOS SÓLIDOS DE POEDEIRAS PELO PROCESSO DE BIODIGESTÃO ANAERÓBICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Fernando Lemos

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available As indústrias avícolas de poedeiras, além de ovos, geram anualmente um grande volume de resíduos na forma de esterco. O esterco de ave poedeira é o principal resíduo gerado na indústria de produção de ovos e requer uma infraestrutura para o tratamento adequado. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão visa abordar o manejo de resíduos sólidos de poedeira, em particular com o uso do biodigestor como forma de minimizar os impactos ambientais negativos causados pela atividade avícola. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se que a biodigestão anaeróbica ajuda a minimizar os impactos negativos que são gerados ao meio ambiente, reduzindo assim os riscos ambientais e melhorando a qualidade de vida. Salienta-se, todavia, que, existem casos ainda em que estes resíduos têm sido utilizados como fertilizantes, mas sem prévio tratamento e controle sanitário antes da aplicação no solo. Os dejetos de aviários apresentam o potencial de ser tanto um recurso como um poluente. Em resumo, sob o aspecto das práticas adequadas de manejo dos resíduos, o biodigestor é uma alternativa para o tratamento do esterco de ave poedeira. Conclui-se que o manejo e tratamento de resíduos sólidos de poedeiras pelo processo de biodigestão anaeróbica representa uma forma ambientalmente recomendável.

  2. Synthesis, structure and properties of oxo- and dioxochloride complexes of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) with 8-oxyquinoline

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abramenko, V.L.; Sergienko, V.S.; Egorova, O.A.

    2005-01-01

    Complexes of oxo- and dioxochlorides of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) with 8-oxyquinoline of molecular and intracomplex type are synthesized and studied by the method of IR spectroscopy. The complexes have octahedral structure. It is proposed that 8-oxyquinoline in molecular complexes is coordinated by central atom through nitrogen atom of heterocycle, but in intracomplex compounds - through heterocyclic nitrogen atom and oxygen atom of deprotonated OH-group. Thermal stability of the complexes is studied [ru

  3. Quantifying Cr(VI) Production and Export from Serpentine Soil of the California Coast Range.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McClain, Cynthia N; Fendorf, Scott; Webb, Samuel M; Maher, Kate

    2017-01-03

    Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is generated in serpentine soils and exported to surface and groundwaters at levels above health-based drinking water standards. Although Cr(VI) concentrations are elevated in serpentine soil pore water, few studies have reported field evidence documenting Cr(VI) production rates and fluxes that govern Cr(VI) transport from soil to water sources. We report Cr speciation (i) in four serpentine soil depth profiles derived from the California Coast Range serpentinite belt and (ii) in local surface waters. Within soils, we detected Cr(VI) in the same horizons where Cr(III)-minerals are colocated with biogenic Mn(III/IV)-oxides, suggesting Cr(VI) generation through oxidation by Mn-oxides. Water-extractable Cr(VI) concentrations increase with depth constituting a 7.8 to 12 kg/km 2 reservoir of Cr(VI) in soil. Here, Cr(VI) is produced at a rate of 0.3 to 4.8 kg Cr(VI)/km 2 /yr and subsequently flushed from soil during water infiltration, exporting 0.01 to 3.9 kg Cr(VI)/km 2 /yr at concentrations ranging from 25 to 172 μg/L. Although soil-derived Cr(VI) is leached from soil at concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L, due to reduction and dilution during transport to streams, Cr(VI) levels measured in local surface waters largely remain below California's drinking water limit.

  4. Chromium (VI) biosorption properties of multiple resistant bacteria isolated from industrial sewerage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyetibo, Ganiyu Oladunjoye; Ilori, Matthew Olusoji; Obayori, Oluwafemi Sunday; Amund, Olukayode Oladipo

    2013-08-01

    Chromium (VI) [Cr (VI)] biosorption by four resistant autochthonous bacterial strains was investigated to determine their potential for use in sustainable marine water-pollution control. Maximum exchange between Cr (VI) ions and protons on the cells surfaces were at 30-35 °C, pH 2.0 and 350-450 mg/L. The bacterial strains effectively removed 79.0-90.5 % Cr (VI) ions from solution. Furthermore, 85.3-93.0 % of Cr (VI) ions were regenerated from the biomasses, and 83.4-91.7 % of the metal was adsorbed when the biomasses was reused. Langmuir isotherm performed better than Freundlich isotherm, depicting that Cr (VI) affinity was in the sequence Rhodococcus sp. AL03Ni > Burkholderia cepacia AL96Co > Corynebacterium kutscheri FL108Hg > Pseudomonas aeruginosa CA207Ni. Biosorption isotherms confirmed that Rhodococcus sp. AL03Ni was a better biosorbent with a maximum uptake of 107.46 mg of Cr (VI) per g (dry weight) of biomass. The results highlight the high potential of the organisms for bacteria-based detoxification of Cr (VI) via biosorption.

  5. Removal of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution by fused yeast: Study of cations release and biosorption mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yin Hua; He Baoyan; Peng Hui; Ye Jinshao; Yang Feng; Zhang Na

    2008-01-01

    Biosorption of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) by a fused yeast from Candida tropicalis and Candida lipolytica under varying range of pH, initial metal concentration and reaction time was investigated. Net cation release and Cr removal reached 2.000 mmol/l and 81.37% when treating 20 mg/l Cr(VI) at pH 2 with 25 mg/l biomass for 30 min, while for Ni were 0.351 mmol/l and 64.60%, respectively. Trace metal elements such as Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn played active role in biosorption as important ingredients of functional enzymes. Cr(VI) was reduced to less toxic Cr(III) and chelated with extracellular secretions, and further accumulated inside the cells. For Ni biosorption, however, largely a passive uptake process influenced by ion gradient led to lower adsorption capacity and cations release. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis indicated that amide and pyridine on cells were involved in binding with Cr, but for Ni, bound-OH and nitro-compounds were the main related functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis confirmed that considerable amounts of metals precipitated on cell surface when dealing with high concentration metals

  6. Reduzir-se a nada: articulações entre o masoquismo, o feminino e a máscara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Nassau Ribeiro

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo demonstra que o feminino não possui uma característica masoquista que lhe seja inerente. O suposto masoquismo feminino seria uma das máscaras utilizadas pelo feminino tanto para localizar-se como mulher como para atrair o desejo de um homem. Concluímos, porém, que existem parcerias tão devastadoras que podem reduzir o sujeito a nada.

  7. Genome-Wide Analysis of Type VI System Clusters and Effectors in Burkholderia Species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thao Thi Nguyen

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Type VI secretion system (T6SS has been discovered in a variety of gram-negative bacteria as a versatile weapon to stimulate the killing of eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic competitors. Type VI secretion effectors (T6SEs are well known as key virulence factors for important pathogenic bacteria. In many Burkholderia species, T6SS has evolved as the most complicated secretion pathway with distinguished types to translocate diverse T6SEs, suggesting their essential roles in this genus. Here we attempted to detect and characterize T6SSs and potential T6SEs in target genomes of plant-associated and environmental Burkholderia species based on computational analyses. In total, 66 potential functional T6SS clusters were found in 30 target Burkholderia bacterial genomes, of which 33% possess three or four clusters. The core proteins in each cluster were specified and phylogenetic trees of three components (i.e., TssC, TssD, TssL were constructed to elucidate the relationship among the identified T6SS clusters. Next, we identified 322 potential T6SEs in the target genomes based on homology searches and explored the important domains conserved in effector candidates. In addition, using the screening approach based on the profile hidden Markov model (pHMM of T6SEs that possess markers for type VI effectors (MIX motif (MIX T6SEs, 57 revealed proteins that were not included in training datasets were recognized as novel MIX T6SE candidates from the Burkholderia species. This approach could be useful to identify potential T6SEs from other bacterial genomes.

  8. Mucopolysaccharidosis VI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harmatz Paul

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI is a lysosomal storage disease with progressive multisystem involvement, associated with a deficiency of arylsulfatase B leading to the accumulation of dermatan sulfate. Birth prevalence is between 1 in 43,261 and 1 in 1,505,160 live births. The disorder shows a wide spectrum of symptoms from slowly to rapidly progressing forms. The characteristic skeletal dysplasia includes short stature, dysostosis multiplex and degenerative joint disease. Rapidly progressing forms may have onset from birth, elevated urinary glycosaminoglycans (generally >100 μg/mg creatinine, severe dysostosis multiplex, short stature, and death before the 2nd or 3rd decades. A more slowly progressing form has been described as having later onset, mildly elevated glycosaminoglycans (generally ARSB gene, located in chromosome 5 (5q13-5q14. Over 130 ARSB mutations have been reported, causing absent or reduced arylsulfatase B (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase activity and interrupted dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate degradation. Diagnosis generally requires evidence of clinical phenotype, arylsulfatase B enzyme activity ®, clinical management was limited to supportive care and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Galsulfase is now widely available and is a specific therapy providing improved endurance with an acceptable safety profile. Prognosis is variable depending on the age of onset, rate of disease progression, age at initiation of ERT and on the quality of the medical care provided.

  9. Integrated Cr(VI) removal using constructed wetlands and composting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sultana, Mar-Yam; Chowdhury, Abu Khayer Md Muktadirul Bari; Michailides, Michail K; Akratos, Christos S; Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G; Vayenas, Dimitrios V

    2015-01-08

    The present work was conducted to study integrated chromium removal from aqueous solutions in horizontal subsurface (HSF) constructed wetlands. Two pilot-scale HSF constructed wetlands (CWs) units were built and operated. One unit was planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and one was kept unplanted. Influent concentrations of Cr(VI) ranged from 0.5 to 10mg/L. The effect of temperature and hydraulic residence time (8-0.5 days) on Cr(VI) removal were studied. Temperature was proved to affect Cr(VI) removal in both units. In the planted unit maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of 100% were recorded at HRT's of 1 day with Cr(VI) concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1mg/L, while a significantly lower removal rate was recorded in the unplanted unit. Harvested reed biomass from the CWs was co-composted with olive mill wastes. The final product had excellent physicochemical characteristics (C/N: 14.1-14.7, germination index (GI): 145-157%, Cr: 8-10mg/kg dry mass), fulfills EU requirements and can be used as a fertilizer in organic farming. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Colapso pelo calor esforço induzido: reconhecimento para salvar vidas e tratamento imediato em instalações atléticas

    OpenAIRE

    2005-01-01

    O prognóstico do colapso pelo calor esforço induzido depende do produto do tempo de duração em que a temperatura central ficou elevada e do grau da elevação. O atleta com EHS que tem pronta descoberta e que é resfriado de maneira eficiente, muito provavelmente irá sobreviver ao episódio com pouco ou nenhum efeito residual. Em contraste, o atleta com apresentação atrasada para o tratamento, especialmente se a área sob a curva de resfriamento for > 60 graus-minuto (centígrados) terá um curso co...

  11. Novos atores e repertórios de ação no movimento pelos direitos do adolescente: repensando a institucionalização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Carmo Albuquerque

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available A “institucionalização” dos movimentos sociais tem sido associada a problemas como o corporativismo e a cooptação, tanto pela literatura como por atores que os integram. Estes problemas são apontados como ameaças à autonomia e à novidade atribuídas aos movimentos no processo de reconstrução e aprofundamento da democracia no Brasil. No entanto, à medida que cresce a institucionalização democrática, os atores institucionais e os formatos institucionais de ação estão cada vez mais presentes nos movimentos. O Movimento pelos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente atua na criação e controle social de políticas públicas, destacando-se os seus repertórios de ação institucional. Com as tendências atuais de contratação de organizações sociais para a prestação de serviços, o Movimento vem incluindo numerosas entidades conveniadas com o Estado, especialmente na política socioeducativa em meio aberto. O artigo analisa atores que integram o Movimento pelos Direitos da Criança e Adolescente em São Paulo e se soma a esforços que buscam analisar a ação institucional dos movimentos sociais no Brasil, identificando alguns dos dilemas e desafios atuais ligados a esta atuação.

  12. Retention of U(VI) onto silica in presence of model organic molecules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pham, T.T.H.; Mercier-Bion, F.; Drot, R.; Lagarde, G.; Simoni, E.; Lambert, J.

    2008-01-01

    It is well-known that the organic matter influences the retention of ions onto mineral surfaces. However, the major part of concerned studies implies humic substances and complex solids. Another approach for identifying the sorption mechanisms is possible by studying simpler solids than those present in natural medium. So, silica is chosen as mineral surface because of its abundance in soils and of the presence of Si-O groups in clayey minerals. Uranium (VI) is selected as cation. Simple organic molecules like acetic (one carboxylic group) and oxalic (two carboxylic functions) acids are considered as models of the natural organic matter for understanding their role in the retention of U(VI) onto powders and slides of silica. Binary (organics/silica, U(VI)/silica) and ternary systems (organics/silica/U(VI)) are studied by complementary approaches. Sorption edges as function of pH are obtained by liquid scintillation methods and capillary electrophoresis. Different spectroscopic techniques are used to deduce the interactions between the organic matter and U(VI) sorbed onto the silica whose: Time-Resolved Laser induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Nuclear Microprobe Analysis (NMA). The results of the effect of these model organic molecules onto the U(VI) retention showed a good agreement between the different techniques. Concerning the acetic acid, there are not differences in the sorption percentages of uranyl (see the figure). All these results indicate that the uranyl-acetate complexes stay in the aqueous solution rather than sorbing onto the silica. On the contrary, oxalic acid influences the sorption of U(VI) onto the silica surface. The sorption percentage of U(VI) in the ternary system (oxalic acid/silica/U(VI)) is lower than the binary system (U(VI)/silica) (see the figure). So, the presence of oxalic acid decreases the sorption of U(VI) onto the silica surface. (authors)

  13. Estudio de procesos geomorfodinámicos en campos cultivados de viñedos sobre laderas en pendientes en el valle del Ruwer (Alemania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Rodrigo Comino

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende examinar la respuesta erosiva del suelo en áreas cultivadas de viñe-dos sobre laderas en pendientes elevadas en el Valle del Ruwer (Alemania a través de diferentes técnicas. Los experimentos se desarrollan entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre durante di-ferentes épocas de manejo del suelo: antes, durante y después de la vendimia. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis de la variación geométrica de tres rills para cuantificar su expansión lateral (de 7 a 13 cm y vertical (1 a 4 cm. El movimiento del suelo confirma una elevada variabilidad en los procesos hidro-geomorfológicos de la ladera. A continuación, a través del cálculo del coeficiente teórico de escorrentía a partir del número de curva y lluvias simuladas en diferentes épocas del año, se observan unas elevadas tasas de infiltración, aunque con resultados muy diferentes entre técnicas. Por último, con el cálculo de la RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Ecuation y el aná-lisis de las marcas botánicas en los tocones de las parras, se calcula el impacto negativo de la ero-sión con el manejo agrícola del ser humano sobre los suelos de los viñedos. Con ambos métodos, se han obtenido 11.28 t ha-1 y 3.4 t ha-1 año de pérdida de suelo, respectivamente.

  14. O discurso ideológico-nacionalista em cartilha distribuída pelo exército do RS durante o período ditatorial no brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Paulo Massoti

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo se propõe a pensar a Ditadura Militar brasileira e a reprodução do seu pensamento ideológico através do estudo do discurso na Carta a um recruta entregue aos jovens em idade para o alistamento militar no ano de 1968 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Escrita pelo Ten. Cel. Jonas Correia Neto e expedida pelo Ministério do Exército sob a supervisão e coordenação da Secretaria de Educação e Cultura - Coordenação de Educação Moral e Cívica do RS, a carta possui uma voz paternal que se propõe a mostrar ao jovem que o melhor caminho a seguir é o da ordem e da obediência. Para pensar ideologia será elaborada uma construção conceitual baseada no estudo das realidades vividas pela sociedade no contexto histórico geral (a ditadura, visando compreender as inúmeras incoerências presentes na carta (discurso militar, a fim de atenuar ou minimizar as arbitrariedades cometidas em nome do Estado. O estudo proposto apresenta aporte teórico a partir da concepção de ideologia de autores como Slavoj Zizek e Sigmun Freud que discorrem sobre o modo inconfesso de servir algum interesse particular de poder.

  15. Experimental Monitoring of Cr(VI) Bio-reduction Using Electrochemical Geophysics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Birsen Canan; Gary R. Olhoeft; William A. Smith

    2007-01-01

    Many Department of Energy (DOE) sites are contaminated with highly carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). In this research, we explore the feasibility of applying complex resistivity to the detection and monitoring of microbially-induced reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) to a less toxic form (Cr(III)). We hope to measure the change in ionic concentration that occurs during this reduction reaction. This form of reduction promises to be an attractive alternative to more expensive remedial treatment methods. The specific goal of this research is to define the minimum and maximum concentration of the chemical and biological compounds in contaminated samples for which the Cr(VI) - Cr(III) reduction processes could be detected via complex resistivity. There are three sets of experiments, each comprised of three sample columns. The first experiment compares three concentrations of Cr(VI) at the same bacterial cell concentration. The second experiment establishes background samples with, and without, Cr(VI) and bacterial cells. The third experiment examines the influence of three different bacterial cell counts on the same concentration of Cr(VI). A polarization relaxation mechanism was observed between 10 and 50 Hz. The polarization mechanism, unfortunately, was not unique to bio-chemically active samples. Spectral analysis of complex resistivity data, however, showed that the frequency where the phase minimum occurred was not constant for bio-chemically active samples throughout the experiment. A significant shifts in phase minima occurred between 10 to 20 Hz from the initiation to completion of Cr(VI) reduction. This phenomena was quantified using the Cole-Cole model and the Marquardt-Levenberg nonlinear least square minimization method. The data suggests that the relaxation time and the time constant of this relaxation are the Cole-Cole parameters most sensitive to changes in biologically-induced reduction of Cr(VI)

  16. Estado nutricional e fatores associados em idosos do Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil Nutritional status and associated factors among the elderly in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarissa de Matos Nascimento

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Investigaram-se as prevalências de baixo peso e excesso de peso, bem como os fatores associados em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 621 idosos residentes no Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, realizado em 2009. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e se referiam à avaliação do estado nutricional, condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Do total de pessoas estudadas, 53,3% eram do gênero feminino. A mediana do IMC foi de 26,40kg/m² (mínima 15,20 e máxima 46,82 e foi menor para os homens do que para as mulheres. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi elevada (45%; IC95%: 40%-49%, diminuiu com a idade, associou-se positivamente ao gênero feminino e história de artrite/artrose, e negativamente à faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais e ao tabagismo. A prevalência de baixo peso foi maior no gênero masculino (18,2%, aumentou com o avanço da idade e associou-se positivamente à pior percepção de saúde. O conjunto dos resultados salientam a importância de estratégias em saúde que favoreçam mudanças no estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares saudáveis.This cross-sectional study in 2009 focused on the prevalence of underweight and overweight and associated factors in a sample of 621 elderly individuals in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were obtained through home interviews on nutritional status and socio-demographic and health conditions. Of the total sample, 53.3% were females. Median BMI was 26.40kg/m² (range = 15.20-46.82 and was lower for men than for women. Prevalence of overweight was high (45%; 95%CI: 40%-49%, decreased with age, was positively associated with female gender and history of arthritis/arthrosis, and was negatively associated with age 80 years or older and smoking. Prevalence of underweight was high in men (18.2%, increased with age, and was positively associated with worse self-rated health. The findings highlight the importance of health strategies

  17. Delineation and Diagnostic Criteria of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type VI

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    Poretti Andrea

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome type VI (OFD VI represents a rare phenotypic subtype of Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD. In the original report polydactyly, oral findings, intellectual disability, and absence of the cerebellar vermis at post-mortem characterized the syndrome. Subsequently, the molar tooth sign (MTS has been found in patients with OFD VI, prompting the inclusion of OFD VI in JSRD. We studied the clinical, neurodevelopmental, neuroimaging, and genetic findings in a cohort of 16 patients with OFD VI. We derived the following inclusion criteria from the literature: 1 MTS and one oral finding and polydactyly, or 2 MTS and more than one typical oral finding. The OFD VI neuroimaging pattern was found to be more severe than in other JSRD subgroups and includes severe hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, hypoplastic and dysplastic cerebellar hemispheres, marked enlargement of the posterior fossa, increased retrocerebellar collection of cerebrospinal fluid, abnormal brainstem, and frequently supratentorial abnormalities that occasionally include characteristic hypothalamic hamartomas. Additionally, two new JSRD neuroimaging findings (ascending superior cerebellar peduncles and fused thalami have been identified. Tongue hamartomas, additional frenula, upper lip notch, and mesoaxial polydactyly are specific findings in OFD VI, while cleft lip/palate and other types of polydactyly of hands and feet are not specific. Involvement of other organs may include ocular findings, particularly colobomas. The majority of the patients have absent motor development and profound cognitive impairment. In OFD VI, normal cognitive functions are possible, but exceptional. Sequencing of known JSRD genes in most patients failed to detect pathogenetic mutations, therefore the genetic basis of OFD VI remains unknown. Compared with other JSRD subgroups, the neurological findings and impairment of motor development and cognitive functions in OFD

  18. Programa de educação pelo trabalho para a saúde nas escolas: percepção dos pais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valeriana Valadares Pereira

    Full Text Available As atividades de educação em saúde no ambiente escolar são práticas de promoção da saúde indutoras de processos de transformação coletiva que incidem sobre as condições de vida da população. Este estudo objetiva analisar a percepção dos pais/responsáveis de escolas de ensino fundamental público quanto à participação dos acadêmicos universitários em ações de educação em saúde do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para Saúde (PET. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, realizada mediante aplicação de questionários a pais/responsáveis de escolares de seis a 14 anos em duas escolas de ensino fundamental públicas. Foram aplicados cem questionários que levantaram dados sobre a participação dos acadêmicos em atividades de educação em saúde e sua contribuição para a formação dos profissionais de saúde. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo-se o referencial da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem afirmar que os pais/responsáveis pelos escolares avaliam que as atividades de educação em saúde desenvolvidas por acadêmicos nas escolas contribuíram para a melhoria da qualidade de atenção à saúde na comunidade escolar e para a formação do futuro profissional de saúde.

  19. New approach in modeling Cr(VI) sorption onto biomass from metal binary mixtures solutions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Chang [College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, South Jiuhua Road, 189, 241002 Wuhu (China); Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Ma Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona (Spain); Fiol, Núria [Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Ma Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona (Spain); Villaescusa, Isabel, E-mail: Isabel.Villaescusa@udg.edu [Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Ma Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona (Spain); Poch, Jordi [Applied Mathematics Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Ma Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona (Spain)

    2016-01-15

    In the last decades Cr(VI) sorption equilibrium and kinetic studies have been carried out using several types of biomasses. However there are few researchers that consider all the simultaneous processes that take place during Cr(VI) sorption (i.e., sorption/reduction of Cr(VI) and simultaneous formation and binding of reduced Cr(III)) when formulating a model that describes the overall sorption process. On the other hand Cr(VI) scarcely exists alone in wastewaters, it is usually found in mixtures with divalent metals. Therefore, the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and divalent metals in binary mixtures and the interactive mechanism governing Cr(VI) elimination have gained more and more attention. In the present work, kinetics of Cr(VI) sorption onto exhausted coffee from Cr(VI)–Cu(II) binary mixtures has been studied in a stirred batch reactor. A model including Cr(VI) sorption and reduction, Cr(III) sorption and the effect of the presence of Cu(II) in these processes has been developed and validated. This study constitutes an important advance in modeling Cr(VI) sorption kinetics especially when chromium sorption is in part based on the sorbent capacity of reducing hexavalent chromium and a metal cation is present in the binary mixture. - Highlights: • A kinetic model including Cr(VI) reduction, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) sorption/desorption • Synergistic effect of Cu(II) on Cr(VI) elimination included in the model • Model validation by checking it against independent sets of data.

  20. New approach in modeling Cr(VI) sorption onto biomass from metal binary mixtures solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Chang; Fiol, Núria; Villaescusa, Isabel; Poch, Jordi

    2016-01-01

    In the last decades Cr(VI) sorption equilibrium and kinetic studies have been carried out using several types of biomasses. However there are few researchers that consider all the simultaneous processes that take place during Cr(VI) sorption (i.e., sorption/reduction of Cr(VI) and simultaneous formation and binding of reduced Cr(III)) when formulating a model that describes the overall sorption process. On the other hand Cr(VI) scarcely exists alone in wastewaters, it is usually found in mixtures with divalent metals. Therefore, the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and divalent metals in binary mixtures and the interactive mechanism governing Cr(VI) elimination have gained more and more attention. In the present work, kinetics of Cr(VI) sorption onto exhausted coffee from Cr(VI)–Cu(II) binary mixtures has been studied in a stirred batch reactor. A model including Cr(VI) sorption and reduction, Cr(III) sorption and the effect of the presence of Cu(II) in these processes has been developed and validated. This study constitutes an important advance in modeling Cr(VI) sorption kinetics especially when chromium sorption is in part based on the sorbent capacity of reducing hexavalent chromium and a metal cation is present in the binary mixture. - Highlights: • A kinetic model including Cr(VI) reduction, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) sorption/desorption • Synergistic effect of Cu(II) on Cr(VI) elimination included in the model • Model validation by checking it against independent sets of data

  1. AGRICULTURA Y POTENCIAL PRODUCTIVO EN EL VALLE DE AMBATO, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA (SIGLOS VI A XI D.C / Agriculture and productive potential in the Ambato Valley, Catamarca, Argentina (VI-XI centuries AD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Figueroa

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available El control y acumulación de recursos económicos en el Valle de Ambato entre los siglos VI y XI d.C. ha sido considerado como un factor de suma importancia en el mantenimiento y reproducción de las diferencias sociales entre las personas. Se cree que el uso de sectores seleccionados del paisaje como áreas de producción agrícola se hallaba vinculado de manera funcional y organizacional con agregados residenciales o aldeas emplazadas en el fondo del valle. En dichos sectores, más precisamente sobre los faldeos de la sierra de la Graciana y del Ambato, se registró la presencia de infraestructura agrícola, tales como terrazas de cultivo, represas y canales. En este trabajo, se analizan los sistemas de cultivo y su potencial productivo en relación a los grupos humanos que habitaron el valle, para lo cual se lleva a cabo una caracterización del sistema hidro-agrícola y un análisis de su capacidad sustentadora en base a registros arqueológicos y observaciones etnográficas propias. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán discutir acerca de la posible existencia de un excedente económico, utilizado por un determinado sector de la población con el propósito de usufructuar los beneficios derivados del mismo.   Palabras clave: Valle de Ambato, Aguada, sistemas agrícolas, potencial productivo, excedente económico.   Abstract The control and accumulation of economic resources in the Ambato Valley between VI and XI centuries AD has been considered a key factor in the maintenance and reproduction of social differences between people. It is believed that the use of selected sectors of the landscape as agricultural production areas was functional and organizational associated with villages located in the valley bottom. In these sectors, and more precisely on the slopes of Graciana and Ambato mountain ranges, the presence of agricultural infrastructure was registered, such as farming terraces, dams and channels. In this paper, we analyze the

  2. Cr(VI) retention and transport through Fe(III)-coated natural zeolite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Du, Gaoxiang [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 (China); Li, Zhaohui, E-mail: li@uwp.edu [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 (China); Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144 (United States); Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Liao, Libing [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 (China); Hanson, Renee; Leick, Samantha; Hoeppner, Nicole [Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144 (United States); Jiang, Wei-Teh [Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China)

    2012-06-30

    Graphical abstract: Breakthrough curves of Cr(VI) from columns packed with raw zeolite (a) and Fe(III)-zeolite (b). The solid line in (b) is the HYDRUS-1D fit to the observed data with adsorption term only, while the dashed line in (b) includes a reduction term in the HYDRUS-1D fit. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zeolite modified with Fe(III) could be used for adsorption and retention of Cr(VI). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Fe present on zeolite was in an amorphous Fe(OH){sub 3} form. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 82 mg/kg was found on Fe(III)-zeolite. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A Cr(VI) retardation factor of 3 or 5 was determined from column and batch studies. - Abstract: Cr(VI) is a group A chemical based on the weight of evidence of carcinogenicity. Its transport and retention in soils and groundwater have been studied extensively. Zeolite is a major component in deposits originated from volcanic ash and tuff after alteration. In this study, zeolite aggregates with the particle size of 1.4-2.4 mm were preloaded with Fe(III). The influence of present Fe(III) on Cr(VI) retention by and transport through zeolite was studied under batch and column experiments. The added Fe(III) resulted in an enhanced Cr(VI) retention by the zeolite with a capacity of 82 mg/kg. The Cr(VI) adsorption on Fe(III)-zeolite followed a pseudo-second order kinetically and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm thermodynamically. Fitting the column experimental data to HYDRUS-1D resulted in a retardation factor of 3 in comparison to 5 calculated from batch tests at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 3 mg/L. The results from this study showed that enhanced adsorption and retention of Cr(VI) may happen in soils derived from volcanic ash and tuff that contains significant amounts of zeolite with extensive Fe(III) coating.

  3. Simultaneous Treatment of Agro-Industrial and Industrial Wastewaters: Case Studies of Cr(VI/Second Cheese Whey and Cr(VI/Winery Effluents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Triantafyllos I. Tatoulis

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI was co-treated either with second cheese whey (SCW or winery effluents (WE using pilot-scale biological trickling filters in series under different operating conditions. Two pilot-scale filters in series using plastic support media were used in each case. The first filter (i.e., Cr-SCW-filter or Cr-WE-filter aimed at Cr(VI reduction and the partial removal of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD from SCW or WE and was inoculated with indigenous microorganisms originating from industrial sludge. The second filter in series (i.e., SCW-filter or WE-filter aimed at further d-COD removal and was inoculated with indigenous microorganisms that were isolated from SCW or WE. Various Cr(VI (5–100 mg L−1 and SCW or WE (d-COD, 1000–25,000 mg L−1 feed concentrations were tested. Based on the experimental results, the sequencing batch reactor operating mode with recirculation of 0.5 L min−1 proved very efficient since it led to complete Cr(VI reduction in the first filter in series and achieved high Cr(VI reduction rates (up to 36 and 43 mg L−1 d−1, for SCW and WW, respectively. Percentage d-COD removal for SCW and WE in the first filter was rather low, ranging from 14 to 42.5% and from 4 to 29% in the Cr-SCW-filter and Cr-WE-filter, respectively. However, the addition of the second filter in series enhanced total d-COD removal to above 97% and 90.5% for SCW and WE, respectively. The above results indicate that agro-industrial wastewater could be used as a carbon source for Cr(VI reduction, while the use of two trickling filters in series could effectively treat both industrial and agro-industrial wastewaters with very low installation and operational costs.

  4. Ternary uranium(VI) carbonato humate complex studied by cryo-TRLFS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steudtner, R.; Sachs, S.; Schmeide, K.; Brendler, V.; Bernhard, G. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany). Inst. of Radiochemistry

    2011-07-01

    The complex formation of U(VI) with humic acid (HA) in the presence of carbonate was studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy at low temperature (cryo-TRLFS) at pH 8.5. In the presence of HA, a decrease of the luminescence intensity of U(VI) and no shift of the emission band maxima in comparison to the luminescence spectrum of the UO{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 3}{sup 4-} complex, the dominating U(VI) species under the applied experimental conditions in the absence of HA, was observed. The formation of a ternary U(VI) carbonato humate complex of the type UO{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 2}HA(II){sup 4-} starting from UO{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 3}{sup 4-} was concluded from the luminescence data. For this complex a complex stability constant of log K=2.83 {+-} 0.17 was determined. Slope analysis resulted in a slope of 1.12 {+-} 0.11, which verifies the postulated complexation reaction. The results agree very well with literature data. Speciation calculations show that the formation of the ternary U(VI) carbonato humate complex can significantly influence the U(VI) speciation under environmental conditions. (orig.)

  5. Recovery of uranium (VI) from low level aqueous radioactive waste

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kulshrestha, Mukul

    1996-01-01

    Investigation was undertaken to evaluate the uranium (VI) removal and recovery potential of a naturally occurring, nonviable macrofungus, Ganoderma Lucidum from the simulated low level aqueous nuclear waste. These low level waste waters discharged from nuclear mine tailings and nuclear power reactors have a typical U(VI) concentration of 10-100 mg/L. It is possible to recover this uranium economically with the advent of biosorption as a viable technology. Extensive laboratory studies have revealed Ganoderma Lucidum to be a potential biosorbent with a specific uptake of 2.75 mg/g at an equilibrium U(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L at pH 4.5. To recover the sorbed U(VI), the studies indicated 0.2N Na 2 CO 3 to be an effective elutant. The kinetics of U(VI) desorption from loaded Ganoderma Lucidum with 0.2N Na 2 CO 3 as elutant, was found to be rapid with more than 75% recovery occurring in the first five minutes, the specific metal release rate being 0.102 mg/g/min. The equilibrium data fitted to a linearised Freundlich plot and exhibited a near 100% recovery of sorbed U(VI), clearly revealing a cost-effective method of recovery of precious uranium from low level wastewater. (author). 7 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab

  6. Occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats Ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina em gatos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valéria Maria Lara

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available The occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV in Brazil has been previously described. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of FIV infection in 454 blood samples from healthy and sick domestic cats from 13 cities of São Paulo State, Brazil as well as to evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection. The results showed that 14.7% (67/454 of the cats were infected with FIV. The clinical evaluation showed that 29.2% of the FIV-positive animals were sick, while 7.3% did not show any type of clinical manifestation. In addition, the vast majority (23.1% of positive cases corresponded to free-roaming owned cats. The incidence of FIV infection was higher in males (20.3% than in females (9.7%. The results suggest that certain characteristics such as gender, health status and lifestyle may be associated with the risk of being infected with FIV in the population of cats studied.No Brasil, a ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV já foi descrita. Neste estudo, objetivou-se investigar a freqüência da infecção pelo FIV em 454 amostras de sangue de gatos domésticos doentes e sadios, oriundos de 13 cidades do Estado de São Paulo, assim como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo FIV. Os resultados demonstraram que 14,7% (67/454 dos gatos estavam infectados pelo FIV. A avaliação clínica dos animais investigados mostrou que 29,2% dos animais soropositivos para FIV estavam doentes, enquanto 7,3% não apresentavam nenhuma manifestação clínica. Além disso, a vasta maioria dos animais positivos (23,1% vivia em residências e tinha livre acesso à rua. A incidência da infecção pelo FIV foi maior nos gatos machos (20,3% do que nas fêmeas (9,7%. Os resultados sugerem que certas características como sexo, estilo de vida e estado de saúde podem estar associadas ao risco de contrair a infecção pelo FIV na população de gatos estudada.

  7. RESPOSTAS AGUDAS DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM PESSOAS INFECTADAS PELO HIV: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Pereira Melo

    Full Text Available RESUMO O treinamento físico é uma estratégia importante para a saúde de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS; contudo, suas respostas a curto prazo ainda não foram amplamente estudadas, o que limita o entendimento dos efeitos e da segurança da prescrição do treinamento para essa população. Portanto, objetivou-se revisar sistematicamente as respostas agudas decorrentes do exercício físico em pessoas com HIV sobre variáveis fisiológicas e imunológicas. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática a partir de trabalhos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science e Science Direct. Os descritores utilizados foram: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV, AIDS, seropositive, acute session, short, physical activity, exercise, training. As buscas foram realizadas em fevereiro de 2015 e atualizadas em dezembro de 2015 e foram conduzidas sem restrição de datas de publicação ou idioma específico. Foram incluídos para esta revisão artigos que avaliaram as respostas agudas decorrentes de algum modelo de prescrição de treinamento físico envolvendo exercícios aeróbicos, com pesos ou combinados (exercícios aeróbicos e com pesos relacionados com variáveis fisiológicas e imunológicas em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Foram encontrados 2.422 títulos, dos quais, após exclusão das duplicatas e a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados sete artigos para síntese qualitativa. De acordo com os resultados reportados pelos estudos há evidências de que, imediatamente após a realização do exercício físico, ocorre um aumento do número de células circulantes, incluindo leucócitos totais, neutrófilos, monócitos e linfócitos T CD8+ em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Além disso, também se observaram alterações significantes nas concentrações de lactato, triglicerídeos, epinefrina e norepinefrina imediatamente após a realização do treinamento aer

  8. Solvent impregnated resin for isolation of U(VI) from industrial wastes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karve, M.; Rajgor, R.V.

    2008-01-01

    A solid-phase extraction method based upon impregnation of Cyanex 302 (bis(2,4,4- trimethylpentyl)mono-thio-phosphinic acid) on Amberlite XAD-2 resin is proposed for isolation of U(VI) from uranmicrolite ore tailing samples and industrial effluent samples. U(VI) was sorbed from nitric acid media on the solvent-impregnated resin (SIR) and was recovered completely with 1.0 M HCl. Based upon sorption behavior of U(VI) with Cyanex 302, it was quantitatively sorbed on the SIR in a dynamic method, while the other metal ions were not sorbed by the modified resin. The preparation of impregnated resin is simple, based upon physical interaction of the extractant and solid support, has good sorption capacity for U(VI), and is also reliable for detection of traces of U(VI). (authors)

  9. Defect complexes formed with Ag atoms in CDTE, ZnTe, and ZnSe

    CERN Document Server

    Wolf, H; Ostheimer, V; Hamann, J; Lany, S; Wichert, T

    2000-01-01

    Using the radioactive acceptor $^{111}\\!$Ag for perturbed $\\gamma$-$\\gamma$-angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy for the first time, defect complexes formed with Ag are investigated in the II-VI semiconductors CdTe, ZnTe and ZnSe. The donors In, Br and the Te-vacancy were found to passivate Ag acceptors in CdTe via pair formation, which was also observed in In-doped ZnTe. In undoped or Sb-doped CdTe and in undoped ZnSe, the PAC experiments indicate the compensation of Ag acceptors by the formation of double broken bond centres, which are characterised by an electric field gradient with an asymmetry parameter close to h = 1. Additionally, a very large electric field gradient was observed in CdTe, which is possibly connected with residual impurities.

  10. Cr (VI) remediation by indigenous bacteria in soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chai Liyuan; Huang Shunhong; Yang Zhihui; Peng Bing; Huang Yan; Chen Yuehui

    2009-01-01

    Hexavalent chromium (Cr) is a toxic element causing serious environmental threat. Recently, more and more attention is paid to the bio-remediation of Cr (VI) in the contaminated soils. Cr (VI) remediation by indigenous bacteria in soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag at a steel-alloy factory in Hunan Province, China, was investigated in the present study. The results showed that when sufficient nutrients were amended into the contaminated soils, total Cr (VI) concentration declined from the initial value of 462.8 to 10 mg kg -1 at 10 days and the removal rate was 97.8%. Water soluble Cr (VI) decreased from the initial concentration of 383.8 to 1.7 mg kg -1 . Exchangeable Cr (VI) and carbonates-bound Cr (VI) were removed by 92.6% and 82.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, four Cr (VI) resistant bacterial strains were isolated from the soil under the chromium-containing slag. Only one strain showed a high ability for Cr (VI) reduction in liquid culture. This strain was identified as Pannonibacter phragmitetus sp. by gene sequencing of 16S rRNA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) analysis indicated that Cr (VI) was reduced into trivalent chromium. The results suggest that indigenous bacterial strains have potential application for Cr (VI) remediation in the soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag.

  11. Impact of water quality parameters on the sorption of U(VI) onto hematite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Donglin; Wang Xianbiao; Yang Shitong; Guo Zhiqiang; Sheng Guodong

    2012-01-01

    In this study, the sorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution on hematite was studied as a function of various water quality parameters such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, soil humic acid (HA) or fulvic acid (FA), solid content and temperature by using a batch technique. The results demonstrated that the sorption of U(VI) was strongly dependent on ionic strength at pH 6.0 and the sorption was mainly dominated by inner-sphere surface complexation. The presence of HA/FA increases U(VI) sorption at low pH, whereas decreases U(VI) sorption at high pH. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH 0 , ΔS 0 , and ΔG 0 ) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms, and the results suggested that U(VI) sorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results might be important for the application of hematite in U(VI) pollution management. Highlights: ► The sorption of U(VI) was strongly dependent on ionic strength at pH 6.0. ► A positive effect of HA/FA on U(VI) sorption was found at low pH, whereas a negative effect was observed at high pH. ► U(VI) sorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. ► The results are quite important for the application of hematite in U(VI) pollution management.

  12. Electrochemical processes for the environmental remediation of toxic Cr(VI): A review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin, Wei; Du, Hao; Zheng, Shili; Zhang, Yi

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Recent advances in electrochemical technologies for practical Cr(VI) treatment applications was reviewed. • The mechanism and performance of electrocoagulation, electrochemical reduction, electrodialysis, electro-electrodialysis and electrodeionization were discussed and compared. • The remained challenges and future perspectives were commented. - Abstract: Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is extremely toxic and classified as one of the 17 chemicals posing the greatest threat to humans. Large amounts of Cr(VI) compounds are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment, therefore considerable efforts have been made to control the Cr(VI) concentration below the recommended level. It has been demonstrated that electrochemical technique is one of the most efficient and environmental benign approach for the Cr(VI) removal. This review aims at recent advances in electrochemical technology for practical Cr(VI) treatment applications. By using the “clean reagent” of electron, Cr(VI) can be completely eliminated or separated via different electrochemical techniques such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical reduction, electrodialysis, electro-electrodialysis and electrodeionization. Besides, the mechanism and performance of different strategies are commented and compared. The treatment process is largely dependent on variables such as pH, electrode materials, cell configuration and techniques integration. Furthermore, the remained limitation and challenges for the electrochemical Cr(VI) remediation are also discussed.

  13. Bulk solubility and speciation of plutonium(VI) in phosphate-containing solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weger, H.T.; Okajima, S.; Cunnane, J.C.; Reed, D.T.

    1992-01-01

    The solubility and speciation of Pu(VI) with phosphate as a function of pH was investigated to determine the ability of phosphate to act as an actinide getter. The general properties were first investigated and are reported here with the goal of performing more quantitative experiments in the future. Solubility was approached from oversaturation at initial pH = 4, 10 and 13.4. Absorption spectra were recorded, the solution filtered and the filtrate counted. Absorption spectra were obtained at varying phosphate concentrations and at pH of 2.7 to 11.9. The effect of complexation on the 833 mn Pu(VI) band was characterized. Evidence for three phosphate complexes was obtained for pH -5 to 10 -6 M Pu(VI) was measured in the filtrate at pH ≤ 10 that were passed through a 50 mn filter. Pu(VI) complexes with phosphate over hydroxide at pH ≤ 11.6, but at pH ≥ 11.9, only hydrolyzed Pu(VI) was detected. At pH = 12, the concentration of Pu(VI) was as high as 10 -4 M

  14. Bacillus lichenformis γ-glutamyl exopolymer: Physicochemical characterization and U(VI) interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    He, L.M.; Neu, M.P.; Vanderberg, L.A.

    2000-01-01

    Complexation by microbially produced exopolymers may significantly impact the environmental mobility and toxicity of metals. This study focused on the conformational structure of the bacterial exopolymer, γ-D-poly(glutamic acid) and its interactions with U(VI) examined using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Solution pH, polymer concentration, and ionic strength affected the conformation of the exopolymer, and U(VI) binding was monitored. At low pH, low concentration, or low ionic strength, this exopolymer exists in an α-helical conformation, while at high pH, concentration, or ionic strength the exopolymer exhibits a β-sheet structure. The change in exopolymer conformation is likely to influence the number and nature of exposed surface functional groups, sites most responsible for metal complexation. The authors found the polyglutamate capsule binds U(VI) in a binuclear, bidentate fashion; in contrast the glutamate monomer forms a mononuclear, bidentate complex with U(VI). The apparent polynuclear binding of U(VI) may induce β-sheet structure formation provided the U(VI) Concentration is sufficiently high

  15. Selectivity enhancement of phosphate based functional polymeric gels towards Uranium(VI) using ion imprinting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chappa, Sankararao; Agarwal, Chhavi; Pandey, A.K.

    2015-01-01

    The imprinting of gel containing polymer chains of ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP) for U(VI) ions were carried out. The U(VI) imprinting has been carried out in pure EGMP and in EGMP: poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) = 1:9 composition. Complexation of the monomer with template (U(VI)) followed by polymerization have been used to imprint the U(VI) onto the polymer chains. The comparison of uptake studies of U(VI) and Pu(IV) at 3 M HNO 3 shows increased selectivity of U(VI) relative to Pu(IV) for both the gel compositions. The less uptake of U(VI) for imprinted EGMP:PEGMA gel relative to pure imprinted EGMP gel at tracer level can be possibly due to the requirement of two EGMP units in the vicinity for U(VI) complexation. (author)

  16. Determinação do sexo pelo crânio: etapa fundamental para a identificação humana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Cesar Biancalana

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available A Odontologia Legal é uma ciência capaz de auxiliar a busca pela identidade de um indivíduo, podendo contribuir para o estabelecimento do perfil antropológico a partir da análise do crânio, permitindo assim, que características como o sexo, seja passível de determinação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a compatibilidade de resultados na determinação do sexo, entre a análise cranioscópica (qualitativa e a análise craniométrica (quantitativa pelo Índice de Baudoin. Foram utilizados 100 crânios humanos de um Museu de Anatomia, sem o conhecimento prévio do sexo. O sexo foi classificado, primeiramente, pelas características qualitativas e, em seguida, de acordo com o Índice de Baudoin, por meio de mensurações realizadas nos côndilos occipitais, esquerdo e direito, de cada crânio. Tais medidas foram aferidas com o uso de um paquímetro digital, individualmente, por um único examinador. Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o Índice de Baudoin não foi compatível, estatisticamente, com o exame qualitativo. Ainda foi possível verificar que existe correlação entre os resultados obtidos nos côndilos occipitais de ambos os lados de um mesmo crânio, independentemente de qual seja o sexo determinado. A taxa de concordância entre os métodos foi baixa para a amostra examinada, razão pela qual se sugere que o Índice de Baudoin não é método de escolha ideal a ser utilizado, para determinação de sexo, no cotidiano da prática forense.

  17. Clinical evaluation of complete solo surgery with the "ViKY®" robotic laparoscope manipulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takahashi, Masahiro; Takahashi, Masanori; Nishinari, Naoto; Matsuya, Hideki; Tosha, Tsutomu; Minagawa, Yukihiro; Shimooki, Osamu; Abe, Tadashi

    2017-02-01

    Advancement in both surgical technique and medical equipment has enabled solo surgery. ViKY ® Endoscope Positioning System (ViKY ® ) is a robotic system that remotely controls an endoscope and provides direct vision control to the surgeon. Here, we report our experience with ViKY ® -assisted solo surgery. We retrospectively examined 25 cases of solo surgery TAPP with ViKY ® . ViKY ® was setup by the surgeon alone, and the setup duration was determined as the time at which the side rail was positioned and that when the endoscope was installed. For assessing the control unit, the number of false movements was counted. We compared the operative results between ViKY ® -assisted solo surgery TAPP and the conventional method with an assistant. The average time to set up ViKY ® was 7.9 min. The average number of commands for ViKY ® during surgery was 98.3, and the average number of errors and no response of control unit was 7.9. The mean duration of surgery was 136 min for the ViKY ® group, including the setup time, and 117 min for the conventional method. No case required an assistant during the operation. There was also no difference between the two groups with regard to postoperative complications and the rate of recurrence. ViKY ® proved reliable in recognizing orders with very few failures, and the operations were performed safely and were comparable to the conventional operations with assistants. Solo surgery with ViKY ® was beneficial in this clinical evaluation.

  18. USO DE SOFTWARES LIVRES DE SIG COMO UMA FERRAMENTA NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS DE RISCO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filipe Silveira Trindade

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa realizou um estudo sobre a viabilidade da utilização de um software livre de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG pelo professor de Geografia. Mapas temáticos podem ser criados a partir de tais programas e facilitar o ensino em sala. Foram levantados dados para a construção de um mapa temático sobre deslizamento de terra, que fez parte de um dos projetos do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID de Geografia na Escola Municipal Ministro Edmundo Lins, em Viçosa-MG. O programa escolhido foi o “TerraView”, criado pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE. Esse software foi estudado para a aquisição de informações sobre o mesmo e posterior manipulação do programa. O mapa temático apresentado aos educandos na sala despertou a atenção dos alunos, principalmente pelo espaço representado (parte da cidade de Viçosa-MG fazer parte da vivência cotidiana do aluno e se mostrar como uma novidade diante deles. Porém, ficou evidente que o software apresenta problemas que devem ser sanados e não é tão simples de ser manuseado, como aponta alguns trabalhos. As tecnologias não substituem o professor, mas pode auxiliá-lo em aula. Assim, é necessário que esses educadores sejam capacitados e qualificados para manipular tais programas.

  19. EXPRESSÕES ORAIS POPULARES UTILIZADAS PELO POVO DO LAVRADO EM RORAIMA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastião Pereira Nascimento

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available São apresentadas 564 expressões orais populares utilizadas pelos habitantes do lavrado em Roraima. A maioria dos significados dos termos é originária da herança cultural trazida pelo povo nordestino radicado nos Campos do Rio Branco desde o século XIX. As línguas indígenas também têm influência nestas expressões orais locais, com destaque para as famílias linguísticas Karib e Aruak. Alguns termos têm influências culturais de outras regiões brasileiras e fragmentos de línguas estrangeiras.

  20. cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI)-(ONO)

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Various ONO type Schiff base ligands L(H)2 used for the preparation of ... and derivatives.6–33 Depending on the method of prepa- ration .... HCl. Scheme 6. Synthesis of a Mo(VI) Schiff base complexe by selective inversion at C–1 carbon of a ...

  1. Associação de Dinocistos de Ambiente Estuarino em uma Seção Sedimentar na Baía de Guanabara.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Santos de Oliveira

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available A Baía de Guanabara, situada no Estado doRio de Janeiro, constitui um importante sistemaestuarino. Esse ambiente, de padrões de circulaçõesrestritas mantêm comunicação constante com ooceano bem como serve de desembocadura fluvial,sofrendo, desta maneira, a diminuição da salinidadeem virtude do afluxo de água doce. Este trabalhotem como objetivo principal caracterizar a variaçãoorganocomposicional ao longo de uma seçãosedimentar de 3 metros de sedimentos retirados deum testemunho. Foram confeccionadas 25 lâminasorganopalinológicas utilizando metodologiadesenvolvida pelo Laboratório de Palinofácies &Fácies Orgânica do Departamento de Geologia daUFRJ. Uma inovação no método de preparaçãodas amostras do presente trabalho permitiu umarecuperação bastante representativa de microfósseisde parede orgânica do grupo dos dinoflagelados,sendo os primeiros resultados deste trabalho umaimportante variação na assembléia desses dinocistospresentes nessas amostras. O uso da técnica demicroscopia em luz ultravioleta/azul incidente (altofluorescência foi de fundamental importância para aidentificação dos dinocistos. O material é compostopredominantemente pelo gênero Lingoludinium,seguido pelos gêneros Spiniferites e Operculodinium.Ocorrem também Protoperidinium (dinocistosheterotróficos. A associação de dinocistos queocorrem na área estudada dá origem a diferentesassembléias. Nesse ambiente a assembléia formadapelo gênero Operculodinium, Lingulodiniume Spiniferites pode nos informar variações nasalinidade e taxa de nutrientes. Já uma outraassembléia formada pelos gêneros Lingulodinium,Protoperidinium e a espécie Operculodiniumisraelianum correspondem a um interessanteambiente de região estuarina indicando a temperaturasuperficial da água, salinidade, clima quente eúmido da região. Por fim, segue-se a interpretaçãopaleoambiental, conforme o material recuperado eposteriormente analisado. Deste modo, as esp

  2. Multi-crystalline II-VI based multijunction solar cells and modules

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hardin, Brian E.; Connor, Stephen T.; Groves, James R.; Peters, Craig H.

    2015-06-30

    Multi-crystalline group II-VI solar cells and methods for fabrication of same are disclosed herein. A multi-crystalline group II-VI solar cell includes a first photovoltaic sub-cell comprising silicon, a tunnel junction, and a multi-crystalline second photovoltaic sub-cell. A plurality of the multi-crystalline group II-VI solar cells can be interconnected to form low cost, high throughput flat panel, low light concentration, and/or medium light concentration photovoltaic modules or devices.

  3. Chemical trend of exchange coupling in diluted magnetic II-VI semiconductors: Ab initio calculations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chanier, T.; Virot, F.; Hayn, R.

    2009-05-01

    We have calculated the chemical trend of magnetic exchange parameters ( Jdd , Nα , and Nβ ) of Zn-based II-VI semiconductors ZnA ( A=O , S, Se, and Te) doped with Co or Mn. We show that a proper treatment of electron correlations by the local spin-density approximation (LSDA)+U method leads to good agreement between experimental and theoretical values of the nearest-neighbor exchange coupling Jdd between localized 3d spins in contrast to the LSDA method. The exchange couplings between localized spins and doped electrons in the conduction band Nα are in good agreement with experiment as well. But the values for Nβ (coupling to doped holes in the valence band) indicate a crossover from weak coupling (for A=Te and Se) to strong coupling (for A=O ) and a localized hole state in ZnO:Mn. This hole localization explains the apparent discrepancy between photoemission and magneto-optical data for ZnO:Mn.

  4. Zn-VI quasiparticle gaps and optical spectra from many-body calculations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riefer, A; Weber, N; Mund, J; Yakovlev, D R; Bayer, M; Schindlmayr, Arno; Meier, C; Schmidt, W G

    2017-06-01

    The electronic band structures of hexagonal ZnO and cubic ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe compounds are determined within hybrid-density-functional theory and quasiparticle calculations. It is found that the band-edge energies calculated on the [Formula: see text] (Zn chalcogenides) or GW (ZnO) level of theory agree well with experiment, while fully self-consistent QSGW calculations are required for the correct description of the Zn 3d bands. The quasiparticle band structures are used to calculate the linear response and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) spectra of the Zn-VI compounds. Excitonic effects in the optical absorption are accounted for within the Bethe-Salpeter approach. The calculated spectra are discussed in the context of previous experimental data and present SHG measurements for ZnO.

  5. First-principles calculations of the II-VI semiconductor β-HgS: Metal or semiconductor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delin, A.

    2002-06-01

    Relativistic all-electron full-potential first-principles calculations have been performed in order to study the symmetry of the energy levels around the valence band maximum in the zinc blende II-VI semiconductors β-HgS, HgSe, and HgTe. It is demonstrated that in general, an inverted band-structure does not necessarily lead to a zero fundamental energy gap for systems with zinc blende symmetry. Specifically, β-HgS is found to have at the same time an inverted band structure, and a small, slightly indirect, fundamental energy gap. Possibly, the energy levels around the valence band maximum order differently in each of these systems. (author)

  6. Redistribuição da gordura corporal induzida pelos inibidores de protease em pacientes com Aids Redistribution of body fat induced by HIV protease inhibitors in patients with AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Mansur

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Apresentam-se quatro pacientes com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em tratamento com inibidores de proteases há oito meses e três semanas em média. Ressaltam-se o acúmulo de gordura na região dorsocervical e fáscies de lua cheia, semelhante à que ocorre na síndrome de Cushing.Four patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in treatment with protease inhibitors for an average of 8 months and 3 weeks are reported. Fat accumulation in the cervical-dorsal region (buffalo hump and moon face, similar to that of Cushing's Syndrome, are highlighted.

  7. Infarto cerebral em duas crianças infectadas pelo HIV-1 Ischaemic stroke in two children with HIV-1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Rocha

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Os quadros vasculares são incomuns não somente nos pacientes adultos (1% como também nas crianças. Nosso objetivo é alertar para a possibilidade da infecção pelo HIV-1 em crianças com manifestações cerebrovasculares. Das 204 crianças infectadas pelo HIV acompanhadas no Ambulatório de SIDA, descrevemos dois pacientes pré-escolares do gênero masculino, com quadro agudo febril, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, status epilepticus e hemiparesia como primeira manifestação de infecção pelo HIV-1. Nos dois casos evidenciou-se extensa isquemia em território da artéria cerebral média. Um dos pacientes evoluiu com tetraparesia espástica grave, sem contactuar com o meio, epilepsia parcial e óbito 4 anos após o diagnóstico, sem melhora do quadro neurológico. O outro paciente apresentou hemiparesia direita e afasia global, evoluindo com regressão completa do quadro neurológico. A infreqüência desses achados torna importante o seu relato, visando a inclusão da infecção pelo HIV-1 no diagnóstico diferencial das quadros cerebrovasculares na criança.Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as a complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection. The goal of our study is to report two cases of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection and cerebrovascular manifestations. We describe two pre-school boys, from a group of 204 outpatients, who presented fever, seizures, hemiparesis and impairment of conscience level as a first symptom of HIV-1 infection. The serial imaging studies revealed infarction of middle cerebral artery in both cases. The first one child had a severe spastic tetraparesis and partial epilepsy and died four years later without any improvement despite of the antiretroviral therapy. The second patient had a right hemiparesis and global aphasia totally recovered two years later with antiretroviral and rehabilitation therapies. HIV infection should be included

  8. The concept of ’Musa-pelo and the medicinal use of shrubby legumes (Fabaceae in Lesotho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Moteetee

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available In the Kingdom of Lesotho, 20 plant species are commonly known as  'Musa-pelo. The term literally means ‘the one who brings back or tums around the heart’.  'Musa-pelo is traditionally used as a sedative and is given as a first aid treatment to bereaved people who are under severe psychological duress or stress. Of the 20 species known as  'Musa-pelo, 17 belong to nine genera of the Fabaceae  (Argyrolobium, Crotalaria, Indigofera, Lessertia, Lotononis, Melolobium, Sutherlandia, Tephrosia and  Trifolium. The three remaining species namely Cleome monophylla, Heliophila carnosa and  Cysticapnos pruinosa, belong to the families Capparaceae, Brassicaceae and Fumariaceae, respectively. In this paper, the concept of 'Musa-pelo in traditional medicine is explored.

  9. TODO TEXTO É UM HIPERTEXTO, MAS UNS SÃO MAIS HIPERTEXTOS QUE OS OUTROS: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE HIPERTEXTO E USO DE DICIONÁRIO ELETRÔNICO NO ENSINO DE IDIOMAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vitor Ricardo Duarte

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca do conceito de hipertexto, tendo como referência elementos da linguística e da informática, principalmente. São aqui considerados dois posicionamentos que encaram o hipertexto de forma antagônica. Um, pauta-se pelo ponto de vista dos autores que defendem a concepção do hipertexto como uma metáfora do pensamento. O outro viés é costurado pelos entusiastas do desenvolvimento proporcionado pelas novas Tecnologias de Informação na produção dessa textualidade tecnológica reconhecida como hipertexto. O ponto de confluência dessas concepções é aqui estabelecido a partir da inter-relação desses posicionamentos para o entendimento da hipertextualidade e sua relação com o uso de dicionários eletrônicos.

  10. Autobiografía y memoria en el diario de viajes del VI Conde de Fernán Núñez = Autobiography and Memory in the Travel Diary of the VI Count of Fernán Núñez

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Blutrach

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEl viaje fue una constante en la vida de don Carlos José Gutiérrez de los Ríos, VI conde de Fernán Núñez (1742-1795. A través de ellos pudo cumplir con su servicio al rey y con sus responsabilidades como cabeza del linaje. Asimismo pudo completar su formación y satisfacer anhelos más personales. De todos sus viajes, los realizados dentro y fuera de España, guardó memoria escrita en un diario de viajes, un documento que, en formato manuscrito, se conservó en su archivo familiar. En un periodo cronológico en el que el viaje y su relato adquirieron especial protagonismo, este trabajo analiza el papel que el viaje jugó en la vida y memoria del VI conde de Fernán Núñez y su impronta dentro del linaje.AbstractTravelling had a constant presence in the life of don Carlos José Gutiérrez de los Ríos, VI Count of Fernán Núñez (1742-1795. Through them he could fulfil his service to the king and his responsibilities as head of the lineage. He could also complete his training and meet more personal yearnings. Of all his travels, the ones he made in and out of Spain, he kept a record in his Travel Diary, which was preserved as a manuscript in the family archive. In a period in which travelling and its written memory gained special prominence, this paper analyses the role it played in the life and memory of the VI Count of Fernán Núñez and its mark within the lineage.

  11. Cartografia da ação: mapeamento das ocupações de vazios urbanos pelos movimentos de sem-teto de Maceió, AL (1999-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Nobre

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2178-4582.2015v49n1p120 Apresentamos uma descrição das ações de ocupações de vazios urbanos engendradas por dois movimentos de sem-teto que atuaram na década de 2000, na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Propomos uma leitura das ocupações a partir da Cartografia da Ação como proposta por Ribeiro et al. (2001. Tal leitura nos permite apreender a um só tempo a localização dos objetos – vazios urbanos –; as ações dirigidas pelos sem-teto – as ocupações –; e os deslocamentos espontâneos e compulsórios mediante a realocação das famílias para conjuntos habitacionais implantados pelos órgãos públicos da prefeitura e do governo do estado. A partir do registro dos deslocamentos vislumbra-se uma cartografia da ação, isto é, o território sendo usado (SILVEIRA, 2009 pelos agentes hegemonizados que são constantemente forçados ao confinamento e à segregação territorial a partir de forças de comando hegemônicas pautadas no uso corporativo do território (SANTOS; SILVEIRA, 2005 e na sua negação de uso social.

  12. ANÁLISE DE OPORTUNIDADE DE NEGÓCIOS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA MANDALA NA ESCOLA AGRÍCOLA MUNICIPAL ULISSES GUIMARÃES EM TANGARÁ DA SERRA-MT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kallypa Lara Scherwinski

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Diante das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pequenos agricultores em sobreviver no mercado com a venda de seus produtos, surgem várias alternativas para sustentabilidade e geração de renda para as famílias. Esse artigo procura discutir se o programa Mandala adaptado pelos técnicos da Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (SEAPA pode ser considerado uma alternativa viável de empreendimento produtivo para os produtores familiares do município. Para tanto foram inicialmente, identificados os custos do investimento inicial e de produção, tendo em vista os requisitos exigidos para a implantação da Mandala. Na fase seguinte, foram entrevistados 15 produtores rurais que comercializam seus produtos  na feira municipal e também o técnico responsável pelo projeto na unidade experimental da Escola Agrícola, para identificar o volume de vendas a cada feira, o preço médio dos produtos vendidos e a forma de produção adotada por estes produtores. As  entrevistas foram feitas de modo informal, sem aplicação de questionário, porém com um roteiro previamente elaborado, onde foi possível a coleta dos dados necessários para proceder a análise da viabilidade e finalmente chegar à conclusão da pesquisa. Na apuração e processamento dos resultados utilizou-se da elaboração de planilhas para identificar os custos totais, a estimativa de receita com a venda dos excedentes além dos aspectos financeiros e econômicos, como indicadores que demonstrem os níveis de lucratividade e de rentabilidade oferecidos por este sistema produtivo. Ao término da pesquisa,  conclui-se que o sistema de produção Mandala  é uma opção viável para ser implantado em pequenas propriedades, oferece vantagens econômicas, para micro e pequenos produtores e oportuniza  melhoria na qualidade alimentar para as famílias que adotam esse sistema em suas propriedades.

  13. Influência das práticas parentais nas estratégias de coping e de savoring utilizadas pelos adolescentes em contexto escolar

    OpenAIRE

    Tristão, Nádia Andreia Alves Farinha

    2009-01-01

    Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia da Educação e da Orientação), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação O presente estudo foi realizado com o intuito de investigar a influência das práticas educativas parentais nas estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos adolescentes em contexto escolar e explorar o papel que assumem também nas suas estratégias de savoring. Nesse sentido adoptaram-se as perspectivas de Maccoby e Martin (1983) sobre as...

  14. 24 CFR 972.115 - Relationship between required conversions and HOPE VI developments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... conversions and HOPE VI developments. 972.115 Section 972.115 Housing and Urban Development Regulations... Relationship between required conversions and HOPE VI developments. HUD actions to approve or deny proposed HOPE VI revitalization plans must be consistent with the requirements of this subpart. Developments...

  15. Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by polyethylenimine- and phosphorus-codoped hierarchical porous carbons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Shixia; Wang, Jun; Wu, Zeliang; Deng, Qiang; Tu, Wenfeng; Dai, Guiping; Zeng, Zheling; Deng, Shuguang

    2018-08-01

    The amino- and phosphorus-codoped (N,P-codoped) porous carbons derived from oil-tea shells were facilely fabricated through a combination of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) activation and amino (polyethylenimine, PEI) modification method. The as-synthesized carbon adsorbents were systematically characterized and evaluated for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous solutions. The relationship between adsorbent properties and adsorption behaviors was illustrated. Moreover, the influences of contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, coexisting anions and temperature were also investigated. The adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) could be perfectly described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on the carbon adsorbents synthesized in this work was 355.0 mg/g, and this excellent Cr(VI) capacity could be sustained with other coexisting anions. In addition to high surface area and suitable pore size distribution, the high Cr(VI) removal capacity is induced by rich heteroatoms incorporation and the Cr(VI) removal mechanism was clearly illustrated. Furthermore, the continuous column breakthrough experiment on obtained N,P-codoped carbon was conducted and well fitted by the Thomas model. This work revealed that PEI modification and P-containing groups could significantly enhance Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and make these N,P-codoped biomass-derived carbons potent adsorbents in practical water treatment applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Equações alométricas para estimativa de carbono em árvores de uma área urbana em Viçosa-MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Brianezi

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este estudo gerar equações para estimar o carbono presente na arborização do campus-sede da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre a capacidade das áreas verdes urbanas no sequestro e estocagem de carbono. Assim, inventariaram-se todas as árvores com DAP igual ou superior a 5 cm presentes na Universidade. Para as árvores não palmeiras, selecionaram-se 721 árvores-amostra, que foram cubadas rigorosamente em pé através da aplicação sucessiva da expressão de Smalian até o diâmetro-limite de 5 cm, tanto para o fuste quanto para os galhos. No caso das palmeiras, cubaram-se 100% dos indivíduos utilizando a expressão de Huber. A densidade básica da madeira com casca e o teor de carbono foram obtidos, nas palmeiras, com a retirada de um disco na porção do DAP, dada a dificuldade de tradagem. Já nas demais árvores, utilizou-se um trado mecânico. Com base no volume, na densidade básica e no teor de carbono, calcularam-se o carbono total e o carbono dos galhos. Ademais, avaliaram-se os modelos de Schumacher e Hall (1933 e Spurr (1952, modificado para estimar o carbono fixado nesses indivíduos. Nas árvores não palmeiras do campus-sede da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, o carbono total e o carbono dos galhos podem ser estimados, em kg, em razão do Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP, em cm e da Altura Total (Ht, em m, por -0,906586+1,60421*LnDAP+0,37162*LnHt e por -2,052673+1,89903*LnDAP+0,24156*LnHt, respectivamente. Nas palmeiras, o carbono total pode ser estimado por -4,46988+199082*LnDAP+1,06420*LnHt.

  17. A combined wet chemistry and EXAFS study of U(VI) uptake by cementitious materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wieland, E.; Harfouche, M.; Tits, J.; Kunz, D.; Daehn, R.; Fujita, T.; Tsukamoto, M.

    2006-01-01

    The sorption behaviour and speciation of U(VI) in cementitious systems was investigated by a combination of wet chemistry experiments and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. Radiotracer studies using 233 U were carried out on hardened cement paste (HCP) and calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), which are the major constituents of HCP, to determine the uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms. C-S-H phases were synthesized using different methods for solid phase preparation, which enabled us to study the U(VI) uptake by different types of C-S-H phases and a wide range of Ca/Si compositions, and to distinguish U(VI) sorption on the surface of C-S-H from U(VI) incorporation into the structure. XAS measurements were performed using U(VI) loaded HCP and C-S-H materials (sorption and co-precipitation samples) to gain structural information on the U(VI) speciation in these systems, i.e., the type and number of neighbouring atoms, and bond distances. Examples of studies that have utilized XAS to characterize U(VI) speciation in cementitious systems are still rare, and to the best of our knowledge, detailed XAS investigations of the U(VI)/C-S-H system are lacking. The results obtained from the combined use of wet chemical and spectroscopic techniques allow mechanistic models of the immobilization process to be proposed for cementitious waste forms containing low and high U(VI) inventories. In the latter case U(VI) immobilization is controlled by a solubility-limiting process with the U(VI) mineral predominantly formed under the conditions prevailing in cementitious systems. At low U(VI) concentrations, however, U(VI) appears to be predominantly bound onto C-S-H phases. The coordination environment of U(VI) taken up by C-S-H was found to resemble that of U(VI) in uranophane. A mechanistic understanding of the U(VI) binding by cementitious materials will allow more detailed and scientifically well founded predictions of the retention of

  18. Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms to U(VI) immobilization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Bin; Ahmed, Bulbul; Kennedy, David W; Wang, Zheming; Shi, Liang; Marshall, Matthew J; Fredrickson, Jim K; Isern, Nancy G; Majors, Paul D; Beyenal, Haluk

    2011-07-01

    The goal of this study was to quantify the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to U(VI) immobilization by Shewanella sp. HRCR-1. Through comparison of U(VI) immobilization using cells with bound EPS (bEPS) and cells with minimal EPS, we show that (i) bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms contribute significantly to U(VI) immobilization, especially at low initial U(VI) concentrations, through both sorption and reduction; (ii) bEPS can be considered a functional extension of the cells for U(VI) immobilization and they likely play more important roles at lower initial U(VI) concentrations; and (iii) the U(VI) reduction efficiency is dependent upon the initial U(VI) concentration and decreases at lower concentrations. To quantify the relative contributions of sorption and reduction to U(VI) immobilization by EPS fractions, we isolated loosely associated EPS (laEPS) and bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms grown in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor and tested their reactivity with U(VI). We found that, when reduced, the isolated cell-free EPS fractions could reduce U(VI). Polysaccharides in the EPS likely contributed to U(VI) sorption and dominated the reactivity of laEPS, while redox active components (e.g., outer membrane c-type cytochromes), especially in bEPS, possibly facilitated U(VI) reduction.

  19. Sorption of chromium (VI) by Mg/Fe hydrotalcite type compunds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    García-Sosa, I., E-mail: irma.garcia@inin.gob.mx; Cabral-Prieto, A., E-mail: agustin.cabral@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Departamento de Química (Mexico); Nava, N., E-mail: tnava@imp.mx; Navarrete, J. [Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (Mexico); Olguín, M. T., E-mail: teresa.olguin@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Departamento de Química (Mexico); Escobar, Luis, E-mail: luis.escobar@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Departamento de Física (Mexico); López-Castañares, R., E-mail: rlc@anuies.mx; Olea-Cardoso, O., E-mail: olc@anuies.mx [Universidad Autónoma del Edo. de México, Facultad de Química (Mexico)

    2015-06-15

    The synthesis by co-precipitation and characterization by X-ray diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies of Mg-Fe-hydrotalcite compounds, and their sorption capacities for Cr(VI) in aqueous media were carried out. The average sorption capacity of Cr(VI) for the non-thermal treated samples was of 6.2 mg/g. The ferrihydrite was omnipresent in all prepared hydrotalcite samples. A brief discussion is made on the role of both the hydrotalcite and ferrihydrite for removing such amount of Cr(VI)

  20. Uranium(VI) retention on quartz and kaolinite. Experiments and modelling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mignot, G.

    2001-01-01

    The behaviour of uranium in the geosphere is an important issue for safety performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories, or in the context of contaminated sites due to mining activity related to nuclear field. Under aerobic conditions, the fate of uranium is mainly governed by the ability of minerals to sorb U(VI) aqueous species. Hence, a thorough understanding of U(VI) sorption processes on minerals is required to provide a valuable prediction of U(VI) migration in the environment. In this study, we performed sorption/desorption experiments of U(VI) on quartz and kaolinite, for systems favouring the formation in solution (i) of UO 2 2+ and monomeric hydrolysis products or (ii) of di-/tri-meric uranyl aqueous species, and / or U(VI)-colloids or UO 2 (OH) 2 precipitates, or (iii) of uranyl-carbonate complexes. Particular attention was paid to determine the surface characteristics of the solids and their modification due to dissolution/precipitation processes during experiments. A double layer surface complexation model was applied to our experimental data in order to derive surface complexation equilibria and intrinsic constants which allow a valuable description of U(VI) retention over a wide range of pH, ionic strength, initial concentration of uranium [0.1-10μM] and solid - solution equilibration time. U(VI) sorption on quartz was successfully modeled by using two sets of adsorption equilibria, assuming (i) the formation of the surface complexes SiOUO 2 + , SiOUO 2 OH and SiO(UO 2 ) 3 (OH) 5 , or (ii) the formation of the mono-dentate complex SiO(UO 2 ) 3 (OH) 5 and of the bidentate complex (SiO) 2 UO 2 . Assumptions on the density of each type of surface sites of kaolinite and on their acid-base properties were made from potentiometric titrations of kaolinite suspensions. We proposed on such a basis a set of surface complexation equilibria which accounts for U(VI) uptake on kaolinite over a wide range of chemical conditions, with aluminol edge sites as

  1. Saúde mental e economia solidária: a família na inclusão pelo trabalho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Lúcia Alves Filizola

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available A Reforma Psiquiátrica traz à tona a inclusão social pelo trabalho na perspectiva da Economia Solidária e envolvimento familiar. Em município do interior paulista foi criado empreendimento solidário de usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivos: identificar a composição e relações das famílias de integrantes desse empreendimento; conhecer as percepções dos familiares sobre a inclusão pelo trabalho dos usuários e a possibilidade de protagonismo da família nesse processo. Foram realizadas entrevistas, utilizando o genograma e ecomapa Modelo Calgary de Avaliação da Família e questões abertas sobre as percepções das famílias, pautadas na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das famílias é nuclear, chefiada por mulheres. A maior parte dos usuários não apresenta relação familiar conflituosa e os que relatam apresentar, referem-se aos pais. Reconhecem a importância do trabalho como espaço de criação de sentidos e novas relações e apontam várias formas para o co-envolvimento.

  2. strong>Hvad skal vi med en hjerne?strong>

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Judy

    2009-01-01

    neurologen Antonio Damasio, at sikre vores overlevelse og velbefindende (i nævnte rækkefølge). Vi ved, at der findes såkaldte belønningsstrukturer i hjernen på både dyr og mennesker, som aktiverer følelser af velbehag, når vi gør "det rigtige", dvs. noget der er godt for os. Men hvordan de mere konkret...

  3. Reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution with DC diaphragm glow discharge

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Xiaoyan; Jin, Xinglong; Zhou, Minghua; Chen, Zhenhai; Deng, Kai

    2013-01-01

    This paper investigated the reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution with direct current diaphragm glow discharge (DGD). The glow discharge sustained around the hole on a quartz tube which divided the electrolyte cell into two parts. The reduction efficiencies of Cr(VI) under different applied voltages, initial conductivities, hole diameters, hole numbers, initial pH values and initial concentrations were systematically studied. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) increased with the increase of applied voltage, initial conductivity, hole diameter and hole number. The different initial pH values showed less effects on the reduction of Cr(VI). The reduction efficiency decreased with the increasing initial concentration. In addition, the simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and decolorization of acid orange (AO) with DGD were also fulfilled. Furthermore, the energy efficiency for Cr(VI) reduction with DGD was calculated and compared with those in photocatalysis and other glow discharge reactor

  4. O espaço para crianças produzido pelo Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida: estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Belém, PA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shirley Coelho Müller

    Full Text Available Resumo A atual política de habitação de interesse social no Brasil determina que o lazer infantil seja atendido por espaços construídos especificamente para esse fim. Este artigo traz os resultados de pesquisa de espaços projetados para o lazer infantil em dois conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social produzidos pelo Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, Jardim Campo Grande e Jardim dos Pardais, ambos na Região Metropolitana de Belém, no Pará. Indaga-se que espaços de fato têm sido produzidos, partindo-se do princípio de que o corpo em movimento no espaço e as interações sociais possibilitadas pelo lazer são fundamentais para que o desenvolvimento sócio-cognitivo e psicomotor das crianças aconteça de forma satisfatória. Investiga-se também a efetiva utilização desses espaços pelas crianças. O método de estudo de caso combina técnicas de análise do projeto arquitetônico e do espaço físico com a observação comportamental das crianças em seu lazer. Observou-se que os espaços de lazer infantil dos conjuntos estudados carecem de elementos que atendam de forma adequada à necessidade de lazer das crianças, que seu uso independe da quantidade de área destinada a esse fim, e que fatores como sensação de segurança ou insegurança e tipologia habitacional podem limitar ou estimular o uso desses espaços e a apropriação dos espaços comuns.

  5. EVALUATION OF THE SUBSTITUTION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CORN (Zea mays BY PEARL MILLETS (Pennisetun americanun IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING SWINE AVALIAÇÃO DA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE MILHO (Zea mays PELO MILHETO (Pennisetum americanum EM RAÇÕES PARA SUÍNOS NA FASE DE TERMINAÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Nunes Bandeira

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available

    A trial was carried out in order to evaluate the inclusion of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum in swine finisher ration. Twenty cross-bred swine (Landrace x Large White weighing 53.00kg had in their rations different levels of millet (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in substitution to the digestible energy furnished by corn. The experimental design used was the completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 replacement levels x 2 sexes. With the results obtained in this experiment, one may infer that the substitution of corn by millet is possible to finisher swine rations.

    KEY-WORDS: Millets; pig; finishing.

    Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar a substituição de diferentes níveis de milho pelo milheto na formulação de ração para suínos na fase de terminação. Foram utilizados 20 suínos mestiços (Landrace x Large White com peso médio inicial de 53,00kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 X 2 ( 5 níveis de substituição x 2 sexos. Com os resultados obtidos neste experimento, concluiu-se que é viável a substituição do milho pelo milheto em rações para suínos na fase de terminação.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Milheto; suínos; terminação.

  6. Efeito da desinfestação do solo pelo uso da energia solar sobre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. Randig

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available O uso da energia solar como método de desinfestação do solo apresenta como vantagens, além do baixo custo, ausência de riscos para a saúde humana e para o meio ambiente. Seus efeitos sobre microrganismos benéficos são, entretanto, pouco conhecidos. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar dois métodos de desinfestação do solo por meio da energia solar, quanto aos seus efeitos sobre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA. Os experimentos foram realizados na Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas (RS, avaliando-se o efeito da solarização e de um coletor solar sobre uma população nativa de fungos micorrízicos. Após 30dias de tratamento, o potencial de inóculo de FMA, determinado pela técnica do número mais provável, foi reduzido em 93% pela solarização e em 99% pelo coletor solar. Verificou-se, ainda, que nas plantas de milho cultivadas em solo tratado durante dois dias no coletor solar, a colonização micorrízica foi, em média, inferior a 1%, não havendo colonização após nove dias de tratamento.

  7. Characterization of U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes on hematite: EXAFS and electrophoretic mobility measurements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bargar, John R.; Reitmeyer, Rebecca; Lenhart, John J.; Davis, James A.

    2000-01-01

    We have measured U(VI) adsorption on hematite using EXAFS spectroscopy and electrophoresis under conditions relevant to surface waters and aquifers (0.01 to 10 μM dissolved uranium concentrations, in equilibrium with air, pH 4.5 to 8.5). Both techniques suggest the existence of anionic U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes. Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate that U(VI) is simultaneously coordinated to surface FeO6 octahedra and carbonate (or bicarbonate) ligands in bidentate fashions, leading to the conclusion that the ternary complexes have an inner-sphere metal bridging (hematite-U(VI)-carbonato) structure. Greater than or equal to 50% of adsorbed U(VI) was comprised of monomeric hematite-U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes, even at pH 4.5. Multimeric U(VI) species were observed at pH ≥ 6.5 and aqueous U(VI) concentrations approximately an order of magnitude more dilute than the solubility of crystalline β-UO2(OH)2. Based on structural constraints, these complexes were interpreted as dimeric hematite-U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes. These results suggest that Fe-oxide-U(VI)-carbonato complexes are likely to be important transport-limiting species in oxic aquifers throughout a wide range of pH values.

  8. O MASOQUISMO MORAL NO “TEATRO DESAGRADÁVEL” DE NELSON RODRIGUES: APORTES PSICANALÍTICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meury Gardênia Lima de Araújo

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Pretende-se desenvolver neste trabalho a psicanálise em extensão, com um delineamento investigativo sobre as obras teatrais míticas Anjo Negro e Dorotéia de Nelson Rodrigues, recorrendo-se ao que formula Freud sobre o conceito de masoquismo moral. Almeja-se, através de estudo bibliográfico, buscar e fazer interagir psicanálise e literatura, notando a coexistência na arte dos “mistérios” inconscientes do sujeito dividido, fictício em questão, “traduzidos” da vida real, primando pela criatividade e como ela expressa tão naturalmente o produto inconsciente. Expõe-se, por fim, as abordagens literárias pelo viés psicanalítico para apresentar suas contribuições ao legado freudiano, exibindo trechos das peças “Anjo Negro” e “Dorotéia” a fim de norteá-las estruturalmente. 

  9. Extraction kinetics of uranium (VI) with polyurethane foam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Ting-Chia; Chen, Dong-Hwang; Huang, Shius-Dong; Huang, Ching-Tsven; Shieh, Mu-Chang.

    1993-01-01

    The extraction kinetics of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitrate solution with polyether-based polyurethane foam was investigated in a batch reactor with automatic squeezing. The extraction curves of uranium(VI) concentration in solution vs. extraction time exhibited a rather rapid exponential decay within the first few minutes, followed by a slower exponential decay during the remaining period. This phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of two-phase structure, hard segment domains and soft segment matrix in the polyurethane foam. A two-stage rate model expressed by a superposition of two exponential curves was proposed, according to which the experimental data were fitted by an optimization method. The extraction rate of uranium (VI) was also found to increase with increasing temperature, nitrate concentration, and hydration of the cation of nitrate salt. (author)

  10. Adsorption of Cr(VI and Speciation of Cr(VI and Cr(III in Aqueous Solutions Using Chemically Modified Chitosan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ChunYuan Tao

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available A new type of grafting chitosan (CTS was synthesized using 2-hydroxyethyl- trimethyl ammonium chloride (HGCTS. The adsorption of Cr(VI on HGCTS was studied. The effect factors on adsorption and the adsorption mechanism were considered. The results indicated that the HGCTS could concentrate and separate Cr(VI at pH 4.0; the adsorption equilibrium time was 80 min; the maximum adsorption capacity was 205 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were investigated, equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo second-order model could describe the adsorption process better than the pseudo first-order model. A novel method for speciation of Cr(VI and Cr(III in environmental water samples has been developed using HGCTS as adsorbent and FAAS as determination means. The detection limit of this method was 20 ng/L, the relatively standard deviation was 1.2% and the recovery was 99%~105%.

  11. Wavelengths and energy levels of I V and I VI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaufman, V.; Sugar, J.; Joshi, Y.N.

    1988-01-01

    The spectra of iodine were photographed in the 139--1500-Aat;O region on various spectrographs. Earlier analyses of I V and I VI were revised and extended. For I V 26 lines were classified, and for I VI 35 lines were classified. Ionization energies have been estimated to be 415 510 atm≅ 300 cm -1 (51.52 atm≅ 0.04 eV) and 599 800 atm≅ 3 000 cm -1 (74.37 atm≅ 0.37 eV) for I V and I VI, respectively

  12. Group ib organometallic chemistry. XXXIV. Thermal behaviour and chemical reactivity of tetranuclear Me2N-substituted diarypropenylcopper-copper anion (Vi2Cu4X2) and mixed diarylpropenyl/organocopper (Vi2Cu4R2) compounds

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hoedt, R.W.M. ten; Koten, G. van; Noltes, J.G.

    1980-01-01

    Thermal decomposition of configurationally pure 1,2-diarylpropenylcopper compounds Z-Vi2CU4Br2 and Z-Vi2Cu4R2 [Vi = (2-Me2NC6H4)C=C(Me)-(C6H4Me-4), R = 2-Me2NC6H4 or 4-MeC6H4CC] predominantly results in the formation of ViH. In contrast, only dimers (ViVi) were formed on thermolysis of (Z-ViCu2OTf)η

  13. Intervening O vi Quasar Absorption Systems at Low Redshift: A Significant Baryon Reservoir.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tripp; Savage; Jenkins

    2000-05-01

    Far-UV echelle spectroscopy of the radio-quiet QSO H1821+643 (zem=0.297), obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) at approximately 7 km s-1 resolution, reveals four definite O vi absorption-line systems and one probable O vi absorber at 0.15quasar in redshift; these are likely intervening systems unrelated to the background QSO. In the case of the strong O vi system at zabs=0.22497, multiple components are detected in Si iii and O vi as well as H i Lyman series lines, and the differing component velocity centroids and b-values firmly establish that this is a multiphase absorption system. A weak O vi absorber is detected at zabs=0.22637, i.e., offset by approximately 340 km s-1 from the zabs=0.22497 system. Lyalpha absorption is detected at zabs=0.22613, but no Lyalpha absorption is significantly detected at 0.22637. Other weak O vi absorbers at zabs=0.24531 and 0.26659 and the probable O vi system at 0.21326 have widely diverse O vi/H i column density ratios with N(O vi)/N(H i) ranging from vi absorbers with rest equivalent width greater than 30 mÅ in the H1821+643 spectrum is remarkably high, dN&solm0;dz approximately 48, which implies with a high (90%) confidence that it is greater than 17 in the low-redshift intergalactic medium. We conservatively estimate that the cosmological mass density of the O vi systems is Omegab(Ovi&parr0; greater, similar0.0008 h-175. With an assumed metallicity of 1/10 solar and a conservative assumption that the fraction of oxygen in the O vi ionization stage is 0.2, we obtain Omegab(Ovi&parr0; greater, similar0.004 h-175. This is comparable to the combined cosmological mass density of stars and cool gas in galaxies and X-ray-emitting gas in galaxy clusters at low redshift.

  14. On halide derivatives of rare-earth metal(III) oxidomolybdates(VI) and -tungstates(VI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schleid, Thomas; Hartenbach, Ingo

    2016-01-01

    Halide derivatives of rare-earth metal(III) oxidomolybdates(VI) have been investigated comprehensively over the last decade comprising the halogens fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Iodide-containing compounds are so far unknown. The simple composition REXMoO 4 (RE=rare-earth element, X=halogen) is realized for X=F almost throughout the complete lanthanide series as well as for yttrium. While ytterbium and lutetium do not form any fluoride derivative, for lanthanum, only a fluoride-deprived compound with the formula La 3 FMo 4 O 16 is realized. Moreover, molybdenum-rich compounds with the formula REXMo 2 O 7 are also known for yttrium and the smaller lanthanoids. For X=Cl the composition REClMoO 4 is known for yttrium and the whole lanthanide series, although, four different structure types were identified. Almost the same holds for X=Br, however, only two different structure types are realized in this class of compounds. In the case of halide derivatives of rare-earth metal(III) oxidotungstates(VI) the composition REXWO 4 is found for chlorides and bromides only, so far. Due to the similar size of Mo 6+ and W 6+ cations, the structures found for the tungstates are basically the same as for the molybdates. With the larger lanthanides, the representatives for both chloride and bromide derivates exhibit similar structural motifs as seen in the molybdates, however, the crystal structure cannot be determined reliably. In case of the smaller lanthanoids, the chloride derivatives are isostructural with the respective molybdates, although the existence ranges differ slightly. The same is true for rare-earth metal(III) bromide oxidotungstates(VI).

  15. Respuesta reproductiva de ovejas de pelo sincronizadas con progesterona o prostaglandinas

    OpenAIRE

    Arroyo-Ledezma, Jaime; De La Torre-Barrera, Jannette; Ávila-Serrano, N. Ysac

    2013-01-01

    La sincronización ajusta los estros a tiempos específicos y permite usar tecnologías reproductivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta reproductiva de 30 ovejas de pelo sincronizadas con progesterona (P4) o prostaglandinas. Las ovejas de pelo eran 5/8 Pelibuey x 2/8 Black Belly x 1/8 Dorper, de 3.5 a 4.0 años de edad, con peso promedio de 37.8 ±3.0 kg; el último parto fue 8 meses previos al experimento. Los tratamientos fueron; 1) aplicación por 11 d de 300 mg de P4 impregna...

  16. Stellar Laboratories: New GeV and Ge VI Oscillator Strengths and their Validation in the Hot White Dwarf RE0503-289

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rauch, T.; Werner, K.; Biemont, E.; Quinet, P.; Kruk, J. W.

    2013-01-01

    State-of-the-art spectral analysis of hot stars by means of non-LTE model-atmosphere techniques has arrived at a high level of sophistication. The analysis of high-resolution and high-S/N spectra, however, is strongly restricted by the lack of reliable atomic data for highly ionized species from intermediate-mass metals to trans-iron elements. Especially data for the latter has only been sparsely calculated. Many of their lines are identified in spectra of extremely hot, hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars. A reliable determination of their abundances establishes crucial constraints for AGB nucleosynthesis simulations and, thus, for stellar evolutionary theory. Aims. In a previous analysis of the UV spectrum of RE 0503-289, spectral lines of highly ionized Ga, Ge, As, Se, Kr, Mo, Sn, Te, I, and Xe were identified. Individual abundance determinations are hampered by the lack of reliable oscillator strengths. Most of these identified lines stem from Ge V. In addition, we identified Ge VI lines for the first time. We calculated Ge V and Ge VI oscillator strengths in order to reproduce the observed spectrum. Methods. We newly calculated Ge V and Ge VI oscillator strengths to consider their radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions in detail in our non-LTE stellar-atmosphere models for the analysis of the Ge IV-VI spectrum exhibited in high-resolution and high-S/N FUV (FUSE) and UV (ORFEUS/BEFS, IUE) observations of RE 0503-289. Results. In the UV spectrum of RE 0503-289, we identify four Ge IV, 37 Ge V, and seven Ge VI lines. Most of these lines are identified for the first time in any star. We can reproduce almost all Ge IV, GeV, and Ge VI lines in the observed spectrum of RE 0503-289 (T(sub eff) = 70 kK, log g = 7.5) at log Ge = -3.8 +/- 0.3 (mass fraction, about 650 times solar). The Ge IV/V/VI ionization equilibrium, that is a very sensitive T(sub eff) indicator, is reproduced well. Conclusions. Reliable measurements and calculations of atomic data are a

  17. Le pluralisme médicamenteux face à l’épidémie de VIH/sida au Viêt Nam Drug Pluralism Confronted by HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Viêt Nam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie-Ève Blanc

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Cet article traite de la place du pluralisme médicamenteux au Viêt Nam dans le contexte de l’épidémie de VIH/sida et de la mise en place d’une nouvelle politique du médicament qui mène à la régulation du médicament traditionnel. Un des principaux problèmes dans la prise en charge du VIH/sida au Viêt Nam fut l’absence de médicaments appropriés, efficaces et accessibles. Contrairement à la Chine, la médecine traditionnelle au Viêt Nam ne s’est pas adaptée, ni n’a réussi à développer durablement de produits spécifiques. Pourtant, l’OMS favorise et incite les thérapeutes traditionnels à participer et à proposer des solutions et pas seulement dans le cadre de soins complémentaires ou palliatifs. On a pu parfois même observer des attitudes plutôt répressives de la part des autorités vietnamiennes à l’égard d’un médicament traditionnel qui n’était pas passé par l’evidence based medicine. En revanche, contrairement à la Chine, le Viêt Nam s’est orienté vers une production locale de médicaments génériques pour répondre aux besoins locaux et baisser le coût de la prise en charge du VIH. À l’aide d’une analyse de contenu de la presse vietnamienne sur le sujet nous tenterons de comprendre les enjeux politiques, économiques et culturels qui se cachent derrière le faible développement de médicaments traditionnels dans le cadre de la prise en charge du VIH/sida. Nous montrerons que l’occidentalisation pendant la période coloniale, l’ouverture du pays depuis le début des années 1990, la globalisation (vue ici comme la multiplication des échanges avec les pays occidentaux et l’intégration du Viêt Nam au reste du monde et à l’ASEAN et la chaîne de production du médicament pharmaceutique ont modifié les pratiques de pluralisme médicamenteux ainsi que la politique nationale en matière de santé, avec des implications à plus ou moins long terme sur les pratiques

  18. Uranium(VI) Reduction by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Anoxic Batch Systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan, Sen; Hua, Bin; Bao, Zhengyu; Yang, John; Liu, Chongxuan; Deng, Baolin

    2010-01-01

    This study investigated the influences of pH, bicarbonate, and calcium on U(VI) adsorption and reduction by synthetic nanosize zero valent iron (nano Fe 0 ) particles under an anoxic condition. The results showed that about 87.1%, 82.7% and 78.3% of U(VI) could be reduced within 96 hours in the presence of 10 mM bicarbonate at pHs 6.92, 8.03 and 9.03, respectively. The rates of U(VI) reduction and adsorption by nano Fe 0 , however, varied significantly with increasing pH and concentrations of bicarbonate and/or calcium. Solid phase analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of UO 2 and iron (hydr)oxides as a result of the redox interactions between adsorbed U(VI) and nano Fe 0 . This study highlights the potential important role of groundwater chemical composition in controlling the rates of U(VI) reductive immobilization using nano Fe 0 in subsurface environments.

  19. Extractive behavior of U(VI) in the paraffin soluble ionic liquid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rama, R.; Kumaresan, R.; Venkatesan, K.A.; Antony, M.P.; Vasudeva Rao, P.R.

    2013-01-01

    An Aliquat-336 based ionic liquid namely, tri-n-octylmethylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ((A3636) + (DEHP) - ) was prepared and studied for the extraction of U(VI) from nitric acid medium. Since the ionic liquid, (A336) + (DEHP) - , was miscible in n-dodecane (n-DD), the extraction of U(VI) in the solution of tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) in n-DD, was investigated in the presence of small concentrations of ionic liquid. The distribution ratio of U(VI) in 0.3 M (A336) + (DEHP) - /n-DD decreased with increase in the concentration of nitric acid. The effect of concentration of TBP, ionic liquid nitric acid and nitrate ion on the extraction of U(VI) in ionic liquid medium was studied. The mechanistic aspect of extraction was investigated by the slope analysis of the extraction data. The studies indicated the feasibility of modifying the extractive properties of U(VI) in TBP/n-DD using ionic liquid. (author)

  20. Gravimetric determination of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) with substituted pyrazolones

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arora, H.C.; Rao, G.N.

    1981-01-01

    4-Acylpyrazolones like 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-p-nitrobenzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMNP) and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(3,5 dinitrobenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone (PMDP) have been synthesized and developed as gravimetric reagents for the determination of U(VI) and Th(IV). Uranium(VI) is almost quantitatively precipitated with PMBP, PMNP, and PMDP at pH 2.20, 1.85 and 1.70 respectively. The pH values for the complete precipitation of thorium(IV) with PMBP, PMNP and PMDP are 2.90, 2.75 and 2.50 respectively. PMBP has proved to be an efficient ligand for gravimetric determination of U(VI) by direct weighing method after drying at 100 +- 10 deg C. The percentage relative error varies from 0.4 to 1.6 in the determination of U(VI) by this method. The effect of a number of interfering ions on the precipitation of U(VI) by PMBP has been reported. (author)

  1. ViCTree: An automated framework for taxonomic classification from protein sequences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Modha, Sejal; Thanki, Anil; Cotmore, Susan F; Davison, Andrew J; Hughes, Joseph

    2018-02-20

    The increasing rate of submission of genetic sequences into public databases is providing a growing resource for classifying the organisms that these sequences represent. To aid viral classification, we have developed ViCTree, which automatically integrates the relevant sets of sequences in NCBI GenBank and transforms them into an interactive maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree that can be updated automatically. ViCTree incorporates ViCTreeView, which is a JavaScript-based visualisation tool that enables the tree to be explored interactively in the context of pairwise distance data. To demonstrate utility, ViCTree was applied to subfamily Densovirinae of family Parvoviridae. This led to the identification of six new species of insect virus. ViCTree is open-source and can be run on any Linux- or Unix-based computer or cluster. A tutorial, the documentation and the source code are available under a GPL3 license, and can be accessed at http://bioinformatics.cvr.ac.uk/victree_web/. sejal.modha@glasgow.ac.uk.

  2. Contribution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 Biofilms to U(VI) Immobilization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cao, Bin; Ahmed, B.; Kennedy, David W.; Wang, Zheming; Shi, Liang; Marshall, Matthew J.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Isern, Nancy G.; Majors, Paul D.; Beyenal, Haluk

    2011-06-05

    The goal of this study was to quantify the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in U(VI) immobilization by Shewanella sp. HRCR-1. Through comparison of U(VI) immobilization using cells with bound EPS (bEPS) and cells without EPS, we showed that i) bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms contributed significantly to U(VI) immobilization, especially at low initial U(VI) concentrations, through both sorption and reduction; ii) bEPS could be considered as a functional extension of the cells for U(VI) immobilization and they likely play more important roles at initial U(VI) concentrations; and iii) U(VI) reduction efficiency was found to be dependent upon initial U(VI) concentration and the efficiency decreased at lower concentrations. To quantify relative contribution of sorption and reduction in U(VI) immobilization by EPS fractions, we isolated loosely associated EPS (laEPS) and bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms grown in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor and tested their reactivity with U(V). We found that, when in reduced form, the isolated cell-free EPS fractions could reduce U(VI). Polysaccharides in the EPS likely contributed to U(VI) sorption and dominated reactivity of laEPS while redox active components (e.g., outer membrane c-type cytochromes), especially in bEPS, might facilitate U(VI) reduction.

  3. Differential Killing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Antibodies Targeting Vi and Lipopolysaccharide O:9 Antigen.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter J Hart

    Full Text Available Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expresses a capsule of Vi polysaccharide, while most Salmonella serovars, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, do not. Both S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis express the lipopolysaccharide O:9 antigen, yet there is little evidence of cross-protection from anti-O:9 antibodies. Vaccines based on Vi polysaccharide have efficacy against typhoid fever, indicating that antibodies against Vi confer protection. Here we investigate the role of Vi capsule and antibodies against Vi and O:9 in antibody-dependent complement- and phagocyte-mediated killing of Salmonella. Using isogenic Vi-expressing and non-Vi-expressing derivatives of S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium, we show that S. Typhi is inherently more sensitive to serum and blood than S. Typhimurium. Vi expression confers increased resistance to both complement- and phagocyte-mediated modalities of antibody-dependent killing in human blood. The Vi capsule is associated with reduced C3 and C5b-9 deposition, and decreased overall antibody binding to S. Typhi. However, purified human anti-Vi antibodies in the presence of complement are able to kill Vi-expressing Salmonella, while killing by anti-O:9 antibodies is inversely related to Vi expression. Human serum depleted of antibodies to antigens other than Vi retains the ability to kill Vi-expressing bacteria. Our findings support a protective role for Vi capsule in preventing complement and phagocyte killing of Salmonella that can be overcome by specific anti-Vi antibodies, but only to a limited extent by anti-O:9 antibodies.

  4. Differential Killing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Antibodies Targeting Vi and Lipopolysaccharide O:9 Antigen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hart, Peter J; O'Shaughnessy, Colette M; Siggins, Matthew K; Bobat, Saeeda; Kingsley, Robert A; Goulding, David A; Crump, John A; Reyburn, Hugh; Micoli, Francesca; Dougan, Gordon; Cunningham, Adam F; MacLennan, Calman A

    2016-01-01

    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expresses a capsule of Vi polysaccharide, while most Salmonella serovars, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, do not. Both S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis express the lipopolysaccharide O:9 antigen, yet there is little evidence of cross-protection from anti-O:9 antibodies. Vaccines based on Vi polysaccharide have efficacy against typhoid fever, indicating that antibodies against Vi confer protection. Here we investigate the role of Vi capsule and antibodies against Vi and O:9 in antibody-dependent complement- and phagocyte-mediated killing of Salmonella. Using isogenic Vi-expressing and non-Vi-expressing derivatives of S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium, we show that S. Typhi is inherently more sensitive to serum and blood than S. Typhimurium. Vi expression confers increased resistance to both complement- and phagocyte-mediated modalities of antibody-dependent killing in human blood. The Vi capsule is associated with reduced C3 and C5b-9 deposition, and decreased overall antibody binding to S. Typhi. However, purified human anti-Vi antibodies in the presence of complement are able to kill Vi-expressing Salmonella, while killing by anti-O:9 antibodies is inversely related to Vi expression. Human serum depleted of antibodies to antigens other than Vi retains the ability to kill Vi-expressing bacteria. Our findings support a protective role for Vi capsule in preventing complement and phagocyte killing of Salmonella that can be overcome by specific anti-Vi antibodies, but only to a limited extent by anti-O:9 antibodies.

  5. Spectroscopic confirmation of uranium(VI)-carbonato adsorption complexes on hematite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bargar, John R.; Reitmeyer, Rebecca; Davis, James A.

    1999-01-01

    Evaluating societal risks posed by uranium contamination from waste management facilities, mining sites, and heavy industry requires knowledge about uranium transport in groundwater, often the most significant pathway of exposure to humans. It has been proposed that uranium mobility in aquifers may be controlled by adsorption of U(VI)−carbonato complexes on oxide minerals. The existence of such complexes has not been demonstrated, and little is known about their compositions and reaction stoichiometries. We have used attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies to probe the existence, structures, and compositions of ≡FeOsurface−U(VI)−carbonato complexes on hematite throughout the pH range of uranyl uptake under conditions relevant to aquifers. U(VI)−carbonato complexes were found to be the predominant adsorbed U(VI) species at all pH values examined, a much wider pH range than previously postulated based on analogy to aqueous U(VI)−carbonato complexes, which are trace constituents at pH carbonato complexes may be of major importance to the groundwater transport of similar actinide contaminants such as neptunium and plutonium.

  6. Bicarbonate Impact on U(VI) Bioreduction in a Shallow Alluvial Aquifer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Long, Philip E.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Davis, James A.; Fox, Patricia M.; Wilkins, Michael J.; Yabusaki, Steven B.; Fang, Yilin; Waichler, Scott R.; Berman, Elena S.; Gupta, Manish; Chandler, Darrell P.; Murray, Christopher J.; Peacock, Aaron D.; Giloteaux, L.; Handley, Kim M.; Lovley, Derek R.; Banfield, Jillian F.

    2015-02-01

    Field-scale biostimulation and desorption tracer experiments conducted in a uranium (U) contaminated, shallow alluvial aquifer have provided insight into the coupling of microbiology, biogeochemistry, and hydrogeology that control U mobility in the subsurface. Initial experiments successfully tested the concept that Fe-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter sp. could enzymatically reduce soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) during in situ electron donor amendment (Anderson et al. 2003, Williams et al. 2011). In parallel, in situ desorption tracer tests using bicarbonate amendment demonstrated rate-limited U(VI) desorption (Fox et al. 2012). These results and prior laboratory studies underscored the importance of enzymatic U(VI)-reduction and suggested the ability to combine desorption and bioreduction of U(VI). Here we report the results of a new field experiment in which bicarbonate-promoted uranium desorption and acetate amendment were combined and compared to an acetate amendment-only experiment in the same experimental plot. Results confirm that bicarbonate amendment to alluvial aquifer desorbs U(VI) and increases the abundance of Ca-uranyl-carbonato complexes. At the same time, that the rate of acetate-promoted enzymatic U(VI) reduction was greater in the presence of added bicarbonate in spite of the increased dominance of Ca-uranyl-carbonato aqueous complexes. A model-simulated peak rate of U(VI) reduction was ~3.8 times higher during acetate-bicarbonate treatment than under acetate-only conditions. Lack of consistent differences in microbial community structure between acetate-bicarbonate and acetate-only treatments suggest that a significantly higher rate of U(VI) reduction the bicarbonate-impacted sediment may be due to a higher intrinsic rate of microbial reduction induced by elevated concentrations of the bicarbonate oxyanion. The findings indicate that bicarbonate amendment may be useful in improving the engineered bioremediation of uranium in aquifers.

  7. Bicarbonate impact on U(VI) bioreduction in a shallow alluvial aquifer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Long, Philip E.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Davis, James A.; Fox, Patricia M.; Wilkins, Michael J.; Yabusaki, Steven B.; Fang, Yilin; Waichler, Scott R.; Berman, Elena S. F.; Gupta, Manish; Chandler, Darrell P.; Murray, Chris; Peacock, Aaron D.; Giloteaux, Ludovic; Handley, Kim M.; Lovley, Derek R.; Banfield, Jillian F.

    2015-02-01

    Field-scale biostimulation and desorption tracer experiments conducted in a uranium (U) contaminated, shallow alluvial aquifer have provided insight into the coupling of microbiology, biogeochemistry, and hydrogeology that control U mobility in the subsurface. Initial experiments successfully tested the concept that Fe-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter sp. could enzymatically reduce soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) during in situ electron donor amendment (Anderson et al., 2003; Williams et al., 2011). In parallel, in situ desorption tracer tests using bicarbonate amendment demonstrated rate-limited U(VI) desorption (Fox et al., 2012). These results and prior laboratory studies underscored the importance of enzymatic U(VI)-reduction and suggested the ability to combine desorption and bioreduction of U(VI). Here we report the results of a new field experiment in which bicarbonate-promoted uranium desorption and acetate amendment were combined and compared to an acetate amendment-only experiment in the same experimental plot. Results confirm that bicarbonate amendment to alluvial aquifer sediments desorbs U(VI) and increases the abundance of Ca-uranyl-carbonato complexes. At the same time, the rate of acetate-promoted enzymatic U(VI) reduction was greater in the presence of added bicarbonate in spite of the increased dominance of Ca-uranyl-carbonato aqueous complexes. A model-simulated peak rate of U(VI) reduction was ∼3.8 times higher during acetate-bicarbonate treatment than under acetate-only conditions. Lack of consistent differences in microbial community structure between acetate-bicarbonate and acetate-only treatments suggest that a significantly higher rate of U(VI) reduction in the bicarbonate-impacted sediment may be due to a higher intrinsic rate of microbial reduction induced by elevated concentrations of the bicarbonate oxyanion. The findings indicate that bicarbonate amendment may be useful in improving the engineered bioremediation of uranium in

  8. Mechanism of uranium (VI) removal by two anaerobic bacterial communities

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martins, Monica [Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, FCT-DQF (edificio 8), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Faleiro, Maria Leonor [IBB - Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Costa, Ana M. Rosa da [Centro de Investigacao em Quimica do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQF, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Chaves, Sandra; Tenreiro, Rogerio [Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de Biodiversidade, Genomica Integrativa e Funcional (BioFIG), Campus de FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa (Portugal); Matos, Antonio Pedro [Servico de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa (Portugal); Costa, Maria Clara, E-mail: mcorada@ualg.pt [Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, FCT-DQF (edificio 8), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal)

    2010-12-15

    The mechanism of uranium (VI) removal by two anaerobic bacterial consortia, recovered from an uncontaminated site (consortium A) and other from an uranium mine (consortium U), was investigated. The highest efficiency of U (VI) removal by both consortia (97%) occurred at room temperature and at pH 7.2. Furthermore, it was found that U (VI) removal by consortium A occurred by enzymatic reduction and bioaccumulation, while the enzymatic process was the only mechanism involved in metal removal by consortium U. FTIR analysis suggested that after U (VI) reduction, U (IV) could be bound to carboxyl, phosphate and amide groups of bacterial cells. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that community A was mainly composed by bacteria closely related to Sporotalea genus and Rhodocyclaceae family, while community U was mainly composed by bacteria related to Clostridium genus and Rhodocyclaceae family.

  9. Mechanism of uranium (VI) removal by two anaerobic bacterial communities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martins, Monica; Faleiro, Maria Leonor; Costa, Ana M. Rosa da; Chaves, Sandra; Tenreiro, Rogerio; Matos, Antonio Pedro; Costa, Maria Clara

    2010-01-01

    The mechanism of uranium (VI) removal by two anaerobic bacterial consortia, recovered from an uncontaminated site (consortium A) and other from an uranium mine (consortium U), was investigated. The highest efficiency of U (VI) removal by both consortia (97%) occurred at room temperature and at pH 7.2. Furthermore, it was found that U (VI) removal by consortium A occurred by enzymatic reduction and bioaccumulation, while the enzymatic process was the only mechanism involved in metal removal by consortium U. FTIR analysis suggested that after U (VI) reduction, U (IV) could be bound to carboxyl, phosphate and amide groups of bacterial cells. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that community A was mainly composed by bacteria closely related to Sporotalea genus and Rhodocyclaceae family, while community U was mainly composed by bacteria related to Clostridium genus and Rhodocyclaceae family.

  10. Tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana pelo niridazol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miroslau Constante Baranski

    1970-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi empregue o niridazol um derivado do nitrotiazol, em doze pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Em todos êles, o diagnóstico clínico da doença foi confirmado pela biópsia das lesões e em oito dêles também pela positividade da intradetermorreação de Montenegro. Oito pacientes tinham lesões mucosas metastáticas em atividade e lesões cutâneas iniciais cicatrizadas há tempo mais ou menos longo. Dois apresentavam concomitância de lesões cutâneas e mucosas em atividade, e dois tinham lesões cutâneas exclusivas. A duração da doença variou de 2 meses a 32 anos. A posologia diária do niridazol foi uniformememente de 25 mg/kg de pêso corpóreo. O medicamento foi administrado por via oral, em duas tomadas diárias, sempre com o doente internado em hospital. Quando a tolerância o permitia, o paciente recebia cinco séries de tratamento de 10 dias de duração cada, intercaladas por períodos áe suspensão da droga de 10 dias entre uma série e outra. Isso foi possível em 10 dos 12 pacientes. O tratamento foi bem tolerado em 5 doentes e de tolerância regular em 4. Mal tolerado em um paciente pela ocorrência de alucinações e excitação mental e interrompido pela péssima tolerância em dois doentes devido ao aparecimento de convulsões generalizadas com perda da consciência. O tratamento acompanhou-se de grande incidência, de efeitos colaterais. A ocorrência de para-efeitos mais intensos não foi devida às más condições hepáticas. Provas de função hepática. hemogramas, estudos bioquímicos do sangue e exames de urina, realizados antes, durante e após o tratamento, não revelaram alterações significativas. Biópsias hepáticas por punção com agulha em dez doentes, prévias e posteriores ao tratamento, não detectaram lesões hepáticas que pudessem ser atribuídas à medicação. O seguimento dos doentes prolongou-se pelo prazo de dois a 36 meses apos o tratamento. Alterações eletrocardiogr

  11. Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California

    Science.gov (United States)

    Izbicki, John; Wright, Michael; Seymour, Whitney A.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Fram, Miranda S.; Belitz, Kenneth; Esser, Bradley K.

    2015-01-01

    Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit of 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) to 32 μg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 μg/L in 4 percent of wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimated Cr(VI) occurrence compared to spatially-distributed GAMA-PBP data. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in alkaline (pH ≥ 8), oxic water; and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that can mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.

  12. Oxidation of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin by ferrate(VI): Products identification, and toxicity evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Bin; Kookana, Rai S.; Williams, Mike; Ying, Guang-Guo; Du, Jun; Doan, Hai; Kumar, Anupama

    2016-01-01

    Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) has been known to react with emerging organic contaminants containing electron-rich organic moieties, such as phenols, anilines, olefins, reduced sulfur and deprotonated amines. Oxidation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR), by Fe(VI) were investigated for their reaction products and toxicity changes as well as biodegradability of these products. Ten products were identified for both CIP and ENR reactions with Fe(VI) using a high-resolution accurate-mass Orbitrap mass analyzer. Structural changes to the CIP and ENR molecule included dealkylation, formation of alcohols and amides in piperazine ring and oxygen transfer to the double bond in quinolone structure. An enamine formation mechanism was tentatively proposed to facilitate the interpretation of CIP and ENR oxidation pathways. Toxicity evaluation using Microbial Assay for toxicity Risk Assessment (MARA) bioassay indicated that Fe(VI) oxidation products of CIP and ENR contributed negligible antibacterial potency and Fe(VI) oxidation treatment can remove the residual toxicity of CIP and ENR impacted source waters. The Fe(VI) oxidation treatment resulted in formation of relatively more biodegradable products (based on in silico assessment) than their corresponding parent compounds. The results showed that Fe(VI) has a good potential to degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics and their antimicrobial potency in natural waters.

  13. Oxidation of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin by ferrate(VI): Products identification, and toxicity evaluation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Bin, E-mail: Bin.Yang@csiro.au [CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 (Australia); Kookana, Rai S.; Williams, Mike [CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 (Australia); Ying, Guang-Guo [State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 (China); Du, Jun; Doan, Hai; Kumar, Anupama [CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 (Australia)

    2016-12-15

    Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) has been known to react with emerging organic contaminants containing electron-rich organic moieties, such as phenols, anilines, olefins, reduced sulfur and deprotonated amines. Oxidation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR), by Fe(VI) were investigated for their reaction products and toxicity changes as well as biodegradability of these products. Ten products were identified for both CIP and ENR reactions with Fe(VI) using a high-resolution accurate-mass Orbitrap mass analyzer. Structural changes to the CIP and ENR molecule included dealkylation, formation of alcohols and amides in piperazine ring and oxygen transfer to the double bond in quinolone structure. An enamine formation mechanism was tentatively proposed to facilitate the interpretation of CIP and ENR oxidation pathways. Toxicity evaluation using Microbial Assay for toxicity Risk Assessment (MARA) bioassay indicated that Fe(VI) oxidation products of CIP and ENR contributed negligible antibacterial potency and Fe(VI) oxidation treatment can remove the residual toxicity of CIP and ENR impacted source waters. The Fe(VI) oxidation treatment resulted in formation of relatively more biodegradable products (based on in silico assessment) than their corresponding parent compounds. The results showed that Fe(VI) has a good potential to degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics and their antimicrobial potency in natural waters.

  14. A Salmonella Typhimurium-Typhi genomic chimera: a model to study Vi polysaccharide capsule function in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela M Jansen

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The Vi capsular polysaccharide is a virulence-associated factor expressed by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi but absent from virtually all other Salmonella serotypes. In order to study this determinant in vivo, we characterised a Vi-positive S. Typhimurium (C5.507 Vi(+, harbouring the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI-7, which encodes the Vi locus. S. Typhimurium C5.507 Vi(+ colonised and persisted in mice at similar levels compared to the parent strain, S. Typhimurium C5. However, the innate immune response to infection with C5.507 Vi(+ and SGB1, an isogenic derivative not expressing Vi, differed markedly. Infection with C5.507 Vi(+ resulted in a significant reduction in cellular trafficking of innate immune cells, including PMN and NK cells, compared to SGB1 Vi(- infected animals. C5.507 Vi(+ infection stimulated reduced numbers of TNF-α, MIP-2 and perforin producing cells compared to SGB1 Vi(-. The modulating effect associated with Vi was not observed in MyD88(-/- and was reduced in TLR4(-/- mice. The presence of the Vi capsule also correlated with induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in vivo, a factor that impacted on chemotaxis and the activation of immune cells in vitro.

  15. Improved microwave-assisted wet digestion procedures for accurate Se determination in fish and shellfish by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lavilla, I.; Gonzalez-Costas, J.M.; Bendicho, C.

    2007-01-01

    Accurate determination of Se in biological samples, especially fish and shellfish, by hydride generation techniques has generally proven troublesome owing to the presence of organoselenium that cannot readily converted into inorganic selenium under usual oxidising conditions. Further improvements in the oxidation procedures are needed so as to obtain accurate concentration values when this type of samples is analyzed. Microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) procedures of seafood based on HNO 3 or the mixture HNO 3 /H 2 O 2 and further thermal reduction of the Se(VI) formed to Se(IV) were evaluated. These procedures were as follows: (I) without H 2 O 2 and without heating to dryness; (II) without H 2 O 2 and with heating to dryness; (III) with H 2 O 2 and without heating to dryness; (IV) with H 2 O 2 and with heating to dryness. In general, low recoveries of selenium are obtained for several marine species (e.g., crustaceans and cephalopods), which may be ascribed to the presence of Se forms mainly associated with nonpolar proteins and lipids. Post-digestion UV irradiation proved very efficient since not only complete organoselenium decomposition was achieved but also the final step required for prereduction of Se(VI) into Se(IV) (i.e. heating at 90 deg. C for 30 min in 6 M HCl) could be avoided. With the MAWD/UV procedure, the use of strong oxidising agents (persuphate, etc.) or acids (e.g. perchloric acid) which are typically applied prior to Se determination by hydride generation techniques is overcome, and as a result, sample pre-treatment is significantly simplified. The method was successfully validated against CRM DOLT-2 (dogfish liver), CRM DORM-2 (dogfish muscle) and CRM TORT-2 (lobster hepatopancreas). Automated ultrasonic slurry sampling with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was also applied for comparison. Total Se contents in ten seafood samples were established. Se levels ranged from 0.7 to 2.9 μg g -1

  16. Entalhamento de cerâmicas para medida de tenacidade à fratura pelo método SEVNB

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Ribeiro

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma máquina para entalhamento de corpos de prova cerâmicos, bem como a escolha e a execução do entalhamento, usando SiC sinterizado via fase líquida, com adições de Al2O3 e Yb2O3, como material experimental para ser entalhado. Foi desenvolvido e construído, junto a uma empresa de S. Carlos-SP, um equipamento que permite produzir entalhes finos em corpos cerâmicos para posterior ruptura, visando determinar K IC pelo método SEVNB. Amostras de SiC com 10% de Al2O3+Yb2O3 foram sinterizadas a 1950 ºC, retificadas e entalhadas com lâminas de barbear e pastas diamantadas de 15, 9, 6, 3, 1 e 0,25 µm. A máquina produzida para o entalhamento das amostras está em operação no DEMAR-EEL-USP e, ao que se sabe, é a primeira no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que em função da espessura da lâmina e da granulometria do agente abrasivo, pode-se produzir entalhes com diferentes raios de curvatura de sua ponta e profundidades.

  17. Uranium(VI) adsorption properties of a chelating resin containing polyamine-substituted methylphosphonic acid moiety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuda, Masaaki; Akiyoshi, Yoshirou

    1991-01-01

    Uranium(VI) adsorption and desorption properties of a chelating resin containing polyamine-substituted methylphosphonic acid moiety of 2.29 mmol/g-resin (APA) were examined. Uranium(VI) adsorption properties of several ion exchange resins and extractant agents which were known as excellent adsorbents for uranium(VI), were examined together for a comparison with those of APA. Uranium(VI) adsorption capacity of APA at the concentration of 100 mg·dm -3 -uranium(VI) in 100 g·dm -3 -H 2 SO 4 aq. soln., 190 g·dm -3 -H 3 PO 4 aq. soln. and uranium enriched sea water, was 0.2, 0.05 and 0.05 mmol·g -1 respectively. The adsorption capacity of APA for uranium(VI) in these solutions was larger than that of another adsorbents, except the adsorption of uranium(VI) in enriched sea water on ion exchange resin containing phosphoric acid moiety (adsorption capacity ; 0.2 mmol·g -1 ). Uranium(VI) adsorption rate on APA was high and the relation between treatment time (t : min) and uranium(VI) concentration (y : mg·dm -3 ) in 100 g·dm -3 H 2 SO 4 aq. soln. after treatment, was shown as following equation, y=20 0.048t+1.90 (0≤t≤30). The adsorbed uranium(VI) on APA was able to be eluted with a mixed aq. soln. of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide and also was able to be eluted with an aq. alkaline soln. dissolved reduction agents such as sodium sulfite and hydrazine. From these results, it was thought that uranium(VI) adsorbed on APA was eluted due to the reduction to uranium(VI) by these eluents. (author)

  18. Novel Quantum Dot Gate FETs and Nonvolatile Memories Using Lattice-Matched II-VI Gate Insulators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jain, F. C.; Suarez, E.; Gogna, M.; Alamoody, F.; Butkiewicus, D.; Hohner, R.; Liaskas, T.; Karmakar, S.; Chan, P.-Y.; Miller, B.; Chandy, J.; Heller, E.

    2009-08-01

    This paper presents the successful use of ZnS/ZnMgS and other II-VI layers (lattice-matched or pseudomorphic) as high- k gate dielectrics in the fabrication of quantum dot (QD) gate Si field-effect transistors (FETs) and nonvolatile memory structures. Quantum dot gate FETs and nonvolatile memories have been fabricated in two basic configurations: (1) monodispersed cladded Ge nanocrystals (e.g., GeO x -cladded-Ge quantum dots) site-specifically self-assembled over the lattice-matched ZnMgS gate insulator in the channel region, and (2) ZnTe-ZnMgTe quantum dots formed by self-organization, using metalorganic chemical vapor-phase deposition (MOCVD), on ZnS-ZnMgS gate insulator layers grown epitaxially on Si substrates. Self-assembled GeO x -cladded Ge QD gate FETs, exhibiting three-state behavior, are also described. Preliminary results on InGaAs-on-InP FETs, using ZnMgSeTe/ZnSe gate insulator layers, are presented.

  19. Group IB Organometallic Chemistry XXXIV: Thermal behavior and chemical reactivity of tetranuclear Me2N-substituted diarylpropenylcopper-copper anion (Vi2Cu4X2) and mixed diarylpropenyl/organocopper (Vi2Cu4R2) compounds

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Koten, G. van; Hoedt, R.W.M. ten; Noltes, J.G.

    1980-01-01

    Thermal decomposition of configurationally pure 1, 2-diarylpropenylcopper compounds Z-Vi{2}CU{4}Br{2} and Z-Vi{2}Cu{4}R{2} [Vi @? (2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4})C@?C(Me)-(C{6}H{4}Me-4), R @? 2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4} or 4-MeC{6}H{4}C@?C] predominantly results in the formation of ViH. In contrast, only dimers (ViVi) were

  20. ZnSe Light Emitting Diode Quantum Efficiency and Emission Characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sahbudin U.K.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available ZnSe has demonstrated as a potential candidate in realizing advance LED in some appications for current and future works that utilize a cheaper preparation technique. Blue and white LEDs have been shown to spread across compound semiconductors. This II-VI compound semiconductor with a direct and wide band gap is used in the study which focused on a preparation and its characterization. The device is developed using a circular chip of ZnSe but only part of the active region is designed to allow shorter computation time. Analyses of the proposed LED are performed in an environment that allows optical transition and nonradiative recombination mechanisms. Voltage variation from 0 V to 1.5 V is maintained throughout the observation. The curent-voltage plot shows the p-n junction or diode behavior with central emissive layer. The two dimensions surface emission rate obtained indicates that voltage increment causes the emission concentration to become higher near the central pcontact. The LED efficiency is assessed in terms of internal quantum efficiency and emitting rate.

  1. Retention of uranium(VI) by laumontite, a fracture-filling material of granite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baik, M.H.; Lee, S.Y.; Shon, W.J.

    2009-01-01

    Retention of U(VI) by laumontite, a fracture-filling material of granite as investigated by conducting dynamic and batch sorption experiments in a love-box using a granite core with a natural fracture. The hydrodynamic properties of the granite core were obtained from the elution curve of a on-sorbing tracer, Br - . The elution curve of U(VI) showed a similar behavior to Br - . This reveals that the retention of U(VI) by the fracture-filling material was not significant when migrating through the fracture at a given condition. From the dynamic sorption experiment, the retardation factor R a and the distribution coefficient K a of U(VI) were obtained as about 2.9 and 0.16 cm, respectively. The distribution coefficient K d ) of U(VI) onto laumontite obtained by conducting a batch sorption experiment resulted in a small value of 2.3±0.5 mL/g. This low K d value greed with the result of the dynamic sorption experiment. For the distribution of uranium on the granite surface investigated by an X-ray image mapping, the fracture region filled with laumontite showed a relatively lower content of uranium compared to the surrounding granite surface. Thus, the low retention of U(VI) by the fracture-filling material can be explained by following two mechanisms. One is that U(VI) exists as anionic uranyl hydroxides or uranyl carbonates at a given groundwater condition and the other is the remarkably low sorption capacity of the laumontite for U(VI). author)

  2. Fluorescent silver nanoclusters for ultrasensitive determination of chromium(VI) in aqueous solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jian Rong; Zeng, Ai Lian; Luo, Hong Qun; Li, Nian Bing

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Fluorescent Ag nanoclusters were first applied to Cr(VI) detection. • The proposed method is simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly. • The sensor shows a wide linear range, low detection limit, and good selectivity. • The system can also be used for the indirect assay of total chromium and Cr(III). • The analyses in real water samples are satisfactory. - Abstract: In this work, a simple and sensitive Cr(VI) sensor is proposed based on fluorescent polyethyleneimine-stabilized Ag nanoclusters, which allows the determination over a wide concentration range of 0.1 nM–3.0 μM and with a detection limit as low as 0.04 nΜ and a good selectivity. The quenching mechanism was discussed in terms of the absorption and fluorescence spectra, suggesting that Cr(VI) is connected to Ag nanoclusters by hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom at the vertex of tetrahedron structure of Cr(VI) and the amino nitrogen of polyethyleneimine that surrounded Ag nanoclusters and electron transfer from Ag nanoclusters to highly electron-deficient Cr(VI) results in fluorescence quenching. Despite the failure to quench the fluorescence efficiently, Cr(III) can also be measured using the proposed Ag nanoclusters by being oxidized to Cr(VI) in alkaline solution (pH ∼9) containing H 2 O 2 . Therefore, our approach could be used to detect Cr(VI), Cr(III) and the total chromium level in aqueous solution. In addition, Cr(VI) analysis in real water samples were satisfactory, indicating this method could be practically promising for chromium measurements.

  3. Vulvovaginites em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana Vaginal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Matos Oliveira

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar a freqüência de vulvovaginites em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV com mulheres não infectadas. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal com 64 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e 76 não infectadas. Foram calculadas as freqüências de vaginose bacteriana, candidíase e tricomoníase, que foram diagnosticadas por critérios de Amsel, cultura e exame a fresco, respectivamente. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se o teste do c2, teste exato de Fisher e regressão múltipla para verificar a independência das associações. RESULTADOS: a infecção vaginal foi mais prevalente em pacientes infectadas pelo HIV quando comparadas ao Grupo Controle (59,4 versus 28,9%, pPURPOSE: to compare the frequency of vulvovaginitis in women infected with human imunnodeficiency virus (HIV with the frequency in non-infected women. METHODS: a transversal study including 64 HIV infected women and 76 non-infected ones. The frequencies of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, diagnosed by Amsel's criteria, culture and fresh exam, respectively, were calculated. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple regressions to verify the independence of associations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: the vaginal infection was more prevalent in HIV infected patients, as compared to the control group (59.4 versus 28.9%, p<0,001; Odds Ratio=2.7, IC95%=1.33-5.83, p=0.007. Bacterial vaginosis occurred in 26.6% of the positive-HIV women; vaginal candidiasis, in 29.7% and trichomoniasis, in 12.5% of them. All the infections were significantly more frequent in the group of HIV infected women (p=0.04, 0.02 e 0.04, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: vulvovaginitis is more frequent in HIV infected women.

  4. Natural and man-made hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California—study progress as of May 2017, and a summative-scale approach to estimate background Cr(VI) concentrations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Izbicki, John A.; Groover, Krishangi D.

    2018-03-22

    This report describes (1) work done between January 2015 and May 2017 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), background study and (2) the summative-scale approach to be used to estimate the extent of anthropogenic (man-made) Cr(VI) and background Cr(VI) concentrations near the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) natural gas compressor station in Hinkley, California. Most of the field work for the study was completed by May 2017. The summative-scale approach and calculation of Cr(VI) background were not well-defined at the time the USGS proposal for the background Cr(VI) study was prepared but have since been refined as a result of data collected as part of this study. The proposed summative scale consists of multiple items, formulated as questions to be answered at each sampled well. Questions that compose the summative scale were developed to address geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical constraints on Cr(VI) within the study area. Each question requires a binary (yes or no) answer. A score of 1 will be assigned for an answer that represents data consistent with anthropogenic Cr(VI); a score of –1 will be assigned for an answer that represents data inconsistent with anthropogenic Cr(VI). The areal extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) estimated from the summative-scale analyses will be compared with the areal extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) estimated on the basis of numerical groundwater flow model results, along with particle-tracking analyses. On the basis of these combined results, background Cr(VI) values will be estimated for “Mojave-type” deposits, and other deposits, in different parts of the study area outside the summative-scale mapped extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI).

  5. Aleitamento materno e colonização mucocutânea pelo Staphylococcus aureus na criança com dermatite atópica Breastfeeding and mucosal and cutaneous colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in atopic children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raissa Massaia Londero Chemello

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: Não há consenso quanto ao efeito do aleitamento materno no desenvolvimento da dermatite atópica. É necessário aprofundar conhecimentos sobre possíveis fatores envolvidos nessa relação, como a influência do aleitamento materno na colonização do paciente atópico pelo Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus. OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma potencial associação entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus nas crianças atópicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 79 crianças atópicas de 4-24 meses, de ambos os sexos, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária de Porto Alegre, e 72 mães. Registraram-se dados clinicoepidemiológicos e de alimentação das crianças. Pesquisou-se a presença do S. aureus em swab nasal e cutâneo nas crianças e swab nasal das respectivas mães. Para análise dos dados, realizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fischer. RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças amamentadas, S. aureus foi encontrado nas cavidades nasais de oito (25,8% e na pele (fossas cubitais de quatro (12,9%. Entre as não amamentadas, encontrou-se S. aureus nas cavidades nasais de dez (20,8% e na pele de 11 (22,9%. Entre as mães, 16 (22,2% apresentaram crescimento de S. aureus no material proveniente do swab nasal. Não se observou associação significativa entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus das cavidades nasais ou da pele das crianças. Entretanto, houve concordância entre a colonização pelo S. aureus nas cavidades nasais das mães e nas cavidades nasais e/ou na pele dos filhos. Das 72 duplas, houve concordância em 56 (77,8%. CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno parece não influenciar a colonização mucocutânea pelo S. aureus em crianças com dermatite atópicaBACKGROUND: Studies on the effects of breastfeeding on the development of Atopic Dermatitis (AD have shown controversial results. The importance of this condition deserves further studies; in particular, it

  6. IV-VI mid-IR tunable lasers and detectors with external resonant cavities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zogg, H.; Rahim, M.; Khiar, A.; Fill, M.; Felder, F.; Quack, N.; Blunier, S.; Dual, J.

    2009-08-01

    Wavelength tunable emitters and detectors in the mid-IR wavelength region allow applications including thermal imaging and spectroscopy. Such devices may be realized using a resonant cavity. By mechanically changing the cavity length with MEMS mirror techniques, the wavelengths may be tuned over a considerable range. Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSEL) may be applied for gas spectroscopy. Resonant cavity enhanced detectors (RCED) are sensitive at the cavity resonance only. They may be applied for low resolution spectroscopy, and, when arrays of such detectors are realized, as multicolor IR-FPA or IR-AFPA (IR-adaptive focal plane arrays). We review mid-infrared RCEDs and VECSELs using narrow gap IV-VI (lead chalcogenide) materials like PbTe and PbSe as the active medium. IV-VIs are fault tolerant and allow easy wavelength tuning. The VECSELs operate up to above room temperature and emit in the 4 - 5 μm range with a PbSe active layer. RCEDs with PbTe absorbing layers above 200 K operating temperature have higher sensitivities than the theoretical limit for a similar broad-band detector coupled with a passive tunable band-filter.

  7. Effect of Salicylic and Picolinic Acids on the Adsorption of U(VI) onto Oxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Kyoung Kyun; Jung, Euo Chang; Cho, Hye Ryun; Song, Kyu Seok

    2009-01-01

    The effect of organic acids on the adsorption of U(VI) onto oxide surfaces (TiO 2 (anatase), SiO 2 (amorphous) and Al 2 O-3(amorphous)) has been investigated. Two different organic acids, salicylic and picolinic acids, were used. Changes of adsorption ratio of U(VI), which depend on the existence of organic acids in a sample, were measured as a function of pH. Quantities of adsorbed organic acids, which depend on the existence of U(VI) in a sample, were also measured as a function of pH. It is confirmed that the soluble complex formation of U(VI) with organic acids can deteriorate the adsorption of U(VI) onto TiO 2 surface. It is noteworthy that salicylic acid does not affect the adsorption of U(VI) onto SiO 2 surface, however, picolinic acid enhances the adsorption of U(VI) onto SiO 2 surface. The latter effect can be understood by considering the formation of a ternary surface complex on SiO 2 surface, which was confirmed by the co-adsorption of picolinic acid with U(VI) and the change in a fluorescence spectra of U(VI) on surface, In the case of Al 2 O-3, organic acids themselves were largely adsorbed onto a surface without deteriorating the adsorption of U(VI). This would support the possibility of a ternary surface complex formation on the Al 2 O-3 surface, and an additional spectroscopic study is required.

  8. Role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in cultured mammalian cells.

    OpenAIRE

    Sugiyama, M

    1994-01-01

    Chromium(VI) compounds are known to be potent toxic and carcinogenic agents. Because chromium(VI) is easily taken up by cells and is subsequently reduced to chromium(III), the formation of paramagnetic chromium such as chromium(V) and chromium(III) is believed to play a role in the adverse biological effects of chromium(VI) compounds. The present report, uses electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy; the importance of the role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in intac...

  9. Avaliação pelos usuários dos hospitais participantes do programa de qualidade hospitalar no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kotaka Filomena

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O Programa de Qualidade Hospitalar no Estado de São Paulo é desenvolvido pela Associação Paulista de Medicina CQH/APM, desde 1991. Participam do Programa CQH/APM hospitais gerais e especializados, públicos e privados. Tais hospitais são avaliados pelos seus usuários através do questionário CQH-06 ("Avaliação pelos usuários" contendo quesitos de respostas fechadas e respostas abertas para observações e sugestões. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os resultados do questionário CQH-06 dentro do Programa CQH/APM. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisados 23.751 questionários (5,27% das saídas hospitalares dos pacientes internados de 66 hospitais recebidos durante o ano de 1994. Para a análise considerou-se: o fluxo do questionário, a quantidade e a qualidade das respostas, os dados das respostas fechadas e das abertas, a comparação das respostas fechadas e abertas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Foram constatados os seguintes aspectos: - a importância do fluxo dos questionários ser diretamente do usuário para o núcleo CQH, - a necessidade do instrumento CQH-06 conter itens gerais que permitam a comparação dos hospitais, - a importância da motivação dos funcionários dos hospitais ao entregar os questionários para os usuários e destes em respondê-los, considerando tanto a quantidade como a qualidade das respostas, - nos hospitais do Programa CQH, a avaliação pelo usuário CQH-06 sobre o número de saídas, apresentou mediana = 4,32% (1º quartil = 1,83% e 3º quartil = 7,92%, sendo que a proporção de usuários, que manifestaram opiniões sobre o serviço em relação ao total, apresentou mediana = 42,11% (1º quartil = 27,28% e 3º quartil = 57,82%. Recomenda-se aos hospitais que utilizem as opiniões dos usuários para o gerenciamento, objetivando a realimentação e Melhoria Contínua da Qualidade dos Hospitais do Programa CQH/APM.

  10. Environmental survey of Region VI, Haltenbanken, 2009; Miljoeundersoekelse i Region VI, Haltenbanken, 2009

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Holm, May-Helen; Cochrane, Sabine; Mannvik, Hans-Petter; Wasbotten, Ingar Halvorsen

    2010-07-01

    There has been an environmental investigation in Region VI Halten Bank. This report presents the results of the chemical and biological assays performed on samples from a total of 316 stations in 16 fields and 15 regional stations. A status of environmental conditions in the region is given at the end of the report. (AG)

  11. Biased Brownian motion mechanism for processivity and directionality of single-headed myosin-VI.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iwaki, Mitsuhiro; Iwane, Atsuko Hikikoshi; Ikebe, Mitsuo; Yanagida, Toshio

    2008-01-01

    Conventional form to function as a vesicle transporter is not a 'single molecule' but a coordinated 'two molecules'. The coordinated two molecules make it complicated to reveal its mechanism. To overcome the difficulty, we adopted a single-headed myosin-VI as a model protein. Myosin-VI is an intracellular vesicle and organelle transporter that moves along actin filaments in a direction opposite to most other known myosin classes. The myosin-VI was expected to form a dimer to move processively along actin filaments with a hand-over-hand mechanism like other myosin organelle transporters. However, wild-type myosin-VI was demonstrated to be monomer and single-headed, casting doubt on its processivity. Using single molecule techniques, we show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused single-headed myosin-VI does not move processively. However, when coupled to a 200 nm polystyrene bead (comparable to an intracellular vesicle in size) at a ratio of one head per bead, single-headed myosin-VI moves processively with large (40 nm) steps. Furthermore, we found that a single-headed myosin-VI-bead complex moved more processively in a high-viscous solution (40-fold higher than water) similar to cellular environment. Because diffusion of the bead is 60-fold slower than myosin-VI heads alone in water, we propose a model in which the bead acts as a diffusional anchor for the myosin-VI, enhancing the head's rebinding following detachment and supporting processive movement of the bead-monomer complex. This investigation will help us understand how molecular motors utilize Brownian motion in cells.

  12. Molasses as an efficient low-cost carbon source for biological Cr(VI) removal

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michailides, Michail K. [Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio (Greece); Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G., E-mail: atekerle@upatras.gr [Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio (Greece); Akratos, Christos S.; Coles, Sandra [Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio (Greece); Pavlou, Stavros [Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras (Greece); Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras (Greece); Vayenas, Dimitrios V. [Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio (Greece); Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras (Greece)

    2015-01-08

    Highlights: • Suspended and attached growth reactors were examined for Cr(VI) bio-reduction. • Molasses was proved an efficient and very low cost carbon source. • Molasses was more efficient than sugar in enhancing Cr(VI) reduction. • SBR with recirculation was the most proper operating mode. - Abstract: In the present study, indigenous microorganisms from industrial sludge were used to reduce the activity of Cr(VI). Molasses, a by-product of sugar processing, was selected as the carbon source (instead of sugar used in a previous work) as it is a low-cost energy source for bioprocesses. Initially, experiments were carried out in suspended growth batch reactors for Cr(VI) concentrations of 1.5–110 mg/L. The time required for complete Cr(VI) reduction increased with initial Cr(VI) concentration. Initial molasses concentration was also found to influence the Cr(VI) reduction rate. The optimal concentration for all initial Cr(VI) concentrations tested was 0.8 gC/L. Experiments were also carried out in packed-bed reactors. Three different operating modes were used to investigate the optimal performance and efficiency of the filter, i.e. batch, continuous and SBR with recirculation. The latter mode with a recirculation rate of 0.5 L/min lead to significantly high Cr(VI) reduction rates (up to 135 g/m{sup 2} d). The results of this work were compared with those of a similar work using sugar as the carbon source and indicate that molasses could prove a feasible technological solution to a serious environmental problem.

  13. Kinetic study of time-dependent fixation of U{sup VI} on biochar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ashry, A. [Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD (United Kingdom); Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt); Bailey, E.H., E-mail: liz.bailey@nottingham.ac.uk [Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD (United Kingdom); Chenery, S.R.N. [British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG (United Kingdom); Young, S.D. [Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD (United Kingdom)

    2016-12-15

    Biochar, a by-product from the production of biofuel and syngas by gasification, was tested as a material for adsorption and fixation of U{sup VI} from aqueous solutions. A batch experiment was conducted to study the factors that influence the adsorption and time-dependent fixation on biochar at 20 °C, including pH, initial concentration of U{sup VI} and contact time. Uranium (U{sup VI}) adsorption was highly dependent on pH but adsorption on biochar was high over a wide range of pH values, from 4.5 to 9.0, and adsorption strength was time-dependent over several days. The experimental data for pH > 7 were most effectively modelled using a Freundlich adsorption isotherm coupled to a reversible first order kinetic equation to describe the time-dependent fixation of U{sup VI} within the biochar structure. Desorption experiments showed that U{sup VI} was only sparingly desorbable from the biochar with time and isotopic dilution with {sup 233}U{sup VI} confirmed the low, or time-dependent, lability of adsorbed {sup 238}U{sup VI}. Below pH 7 the adsorption isotherm trend suggested precipitation, rather than true adsorption, may occur. However, across all pH values (4.5-9) measured saturation indices suggested precipitation was possible: autunite below pH 6.5 and either swartzite, liebigite or bayleyite above pH 6.5.

  14. Raman spectrometric determination of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) in nitric acid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gantner, E.; Freudenberger, M.; Steinert, D.; Ache, H.J.

    1987-03-01

    The determination of Pu(VI) in nitric acid solutions by spontaneous Laser Raman Spectrometry (LRS) was investigated and a calibration curve was established using U(VI) as internal standard. In addition, the concentrations of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) as a function of time were measured by this method in Pu(VI) solutions of different acidity containing H 2 O 2 as the reducing agent. In solutions which are intensely coloured by the presence of Ru(NO) complexes Pu(VI) can also be determined by LRS using a Kr + laser as excitation source. In future experiments, the study of the Pu(IV)-interaction with Ru using LRS and spectrophotometry as analytical techniques is therefore intended. (orig.) [de

  15. EVALUACIÓN Y REGULACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS EN UN EQUIPO DISEÑADO PARA LA DISMINUCIÓN DE CROMO(VI), PROVENIENTES DE LA INDUSTRIA DE RECUBRIMIENTOS GALVÁNICOS

    OpenAIRE

    Acosta Niño, Gema Eunice; Bourdón García, Alejandro; Coy Barrera, Carlos Andrés

    2013-01-01

    RESUMEN Con el fin de generar los medios necesarios para poder llevar a cabo las pruebas de remoción de cromo(VI) en aguas residuales de la industria galvánica, se realizó la captura de datos a partir de prototipo de equipo inicial a escala de laboratorio para conseguir el objetivo principal, disminuir la cantidad de metales en aguas residuales contaminadas con diferentes metales. Es así que con los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio se plantearon algunas modificaciones necesarias para me...

  16. EVALUACIÓN Y REGULACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS EN UN EQUIPO DISEÑADO PARA LA DISMINUCIÓN DE CROMO(VI), PROVENIENTES DE LA INDUSTRIA DE RECUBRIMIENTOS GALVÁNICOS

    OpenAIRE

    Gema Eunice Acosta Niño; Alejandro Bourdón García; Carlos Andrés Coy Barrera

    2013-01-01

    Con el fin de generar los medios necesarios para poder llevar a cabo las pruebas de remoción de cromo(VI) en aguas residuales de la industria galvánica, se realizó la captura de datos a partir de prototipo de equipo inicial a escala de laboratorio para conseguir el objetivo principal, disminuir la cantidad de metales en aguas residuales contaminadas con diferentes metales. Es así que con los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio se plantearon algunas modificaciones necesarias para mejorar la...

  17. 28 CFR 42.405 - Public dissemination of title VI information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Federally Assisted Programs § 42.405 Public dissemination of title VI information. (a) Federal agencies... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Public dissemination of title VI information. 42.405 Section 42.405 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION; EQUAL...

  18. Characterization of a ZnxCd1-xSe/Znx'Cdy'Mg1-x'-y'Se multiple quantum well structure for mid-infrared device applications by contactless electroreflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, J D; Lin, J W; Huang, Y S; Charles, W O; Shen, A; Zhang, Q; Tamargo, M C

    2009-01-01

    Contactless electroreflectance (CER) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the intersubband transitions of a Zn x Cd 1-x Se/Zn x' Cd y' Mg 1-x'-y' Se multiple quantum well (MQW) structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy for mid-infrared device applications. The CER spectrum revealed a wide range of possible optical transitions in the MQW structure. The ground state transition was assigned by comparison with the photoluminescence emission signal taken from the same structure. A comprehensive analysis of the CER spectrum led to the identification of various interband transitions. The intersubband transitions were estimated and confirmed by FTIR measurements. The results demonstrate the potential of using CER as a complementary technique for the contactless and nondestructive characterization of the wide band gap II-VI MQW structures for mid-IR intersubband device applications.

  19. ENDF-201: ENDF/B-VI summary documentation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rose, P.F.

    1991-10-01

    Responsibility for oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data file lies with the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG), which is comprised of representatives from various governmental and industrial laboratories in the United States. Individual evaluations are provided by scientists at several US laboratories, including significant contributions by scientists from all over the world. In addition, ENDF/B-VI includes for the first time complete evaluations for three materials that were provided from laboratories outside the US. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the data file is maintained and issued by the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The previous version of the library, ENDF/B-V, was issued in 1979, and two revisions to the data file were provided in subsequent years, the latest occurring in 1981. A total of 75 new or extensively modified neutron sublibrary evaluations are included in ENDF/B-VI, and are summarized in this document. One incident proton sublibrary is described for Fe 56 . The remaining evaluations in ENDF/B-VI have been carried over from earlier versions of ENDF, and have been updated to reflect the new formats. The release of ENDF/B-VI was carried out between January and June of 1990, with groups of materials being released on ''tapes.'' Table 1 is an index to the evaluation summaries, and includes the material identification or MAT number, the responsible laboratory, and the ''tape'' number. These evaluations have been released without restrictions on their distribution or use

  20. ENDF-201: ENDF/B-VI summary documentation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rose, P.F. (comp.)

    1991-10-01

    Responsibility for oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data file lies with the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG), which is comprised of representatives from various governmental and industrial laboratories in the United States. Individual evaluations are provided by scientists at several US laboratories, including significant contributions by scientists from all over the world. In addition, ENDF/B-VI includes for the first time complete evaluations for three materials that were provided from laboratories outside the US. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the data file is maintained and issued by the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The previous version of the library, ENDF/B-V, was issued in 1979, and two revisions to the data file were provided in subsequent years, the latest occurring in 1981. A total of 75 new or extensively modified neutron sublibrary evaluations are included in ENDF/B-VI, and are summarized in this document. One incident proton sublibrary is described for Fe{sup 56}. The remaining evaluations in ENDF/B-VI have been carried over from earlier versions of ENDF, and have been updated to reflect the new formats. The release of ENDF/B-VI was carried out between January and June of 1990, with groups of materials being released on tapes.'' Table 1 is an index to the evaluation summaries, and includes the material identification or MAT number, the responsible laboratory, and the tape'' number. These evaluations have been released without restrictions on their distribution or use.

  1. ENDF-201: ENDF/B-VI summary documentation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rose, P.F. [comp.

    1991-10-01

    Responsibility for oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data file lies with the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG), which is comprised of representatives from various governmental and industrial laboratories in the United States. Individual evaluations are provided by scientists at several US laboratories, including significant contributions by scientists from all over the world. In addition, ENDF/B-VI includes for the first time complete evaluations for three materials that were provided from laboratories outside the US. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the data file is maintained and issued by the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The previous version of the library, ENDF/B-V, was issued in 1979, and two revisions to the data file were provided in subsequent years, the latest occurring in 1981. A total of 75 new or extensively modified neutron sublibrary evaluations are included in ENDF/B-VI, and are summarized in this document. One incident proton sublibrary is described for Fe{sup 56}. The remaining evaluations in ENDF/B-VI have been carried over from earlier versions of ENDF, and have been updated to reflect the new formats. The release of ENDF/B-VI was carried out between January and June of 1990, with groups of materials being released on ``tapes.`` Table 1 is an index to the evaluation summaries, and includes the material identification or MAT number, the responsible laboratory, and the ``tape`` number. These evaluations have been released without restrictions on their distribution or use.

  2. Biological Cr(VI) removal using bio-filters and constructed wetlands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Michailides, Michail K; Sultana, Mar-Yam; Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G; Akratos, Christos S; Vayenas, Dimitrios V

    2013-01-01

    The bioreduction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was carried out using suspended growth and packed-bed reactors under a draw-fill operating mode, and horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. Reactors were inoculated with industrial sludge from the Hellenic Aerospace Industry using sugar as substrate. In the suspended growth reactors, the maximum Cr(VI) reduction rate (about 2 mg/L h) was achieved for an initial concentration of 12.85 mg/L, while in the attached growth reactors, a similar reduction rate was achieved even with high initial concentrations (109 mg/L), thus confirming the advantage of these systems. Two horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands (CWs) pilot-scale units were also built and operated. The units contained fine gravel. One unit was planted with common reeds and one was kept unplanted. The mean influent concentrations of Cr(VI) were 5.61 and 5.47 mg/L for the planted and unplanted units, respectively. The performance of the planted CW units was very effective as mean Cr(VI) removal efficiency was 85% and efficiency maximum reached 100%. On the contrary, the unplanted CW achieved very low Cr(VI) removal with a mean value of 26%. Both attached growth reactors and CWs proved efficient and viable means for Cr(VI) reduction.

  3. ASPECTOS LABORATORIAIS DA INTOXICAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DE BO-VINOS PELOS FRUTOS DE Stryphnodendron Fissuratum MART.(“ROSQUINHA”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor de Queiroz Ferreira

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho aborda algumas alterações laboratoriais relacionadas com o hemograma e a bioquímica sangüínea de quinze bovinos, machos mestiços, com idade entre dez e quatorze meses, pesando entre 96 e 214 kg, intoxicados experimentalmente pelos frutos de Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (“rosquinha” em doses únicas de 30g/kg, 20g/kg e 10g/kg. Todos os animais que ingeriram os frutos adoeceram e morreram. Os leucogramas apresentaram aumento dos leucócitos totais, neutrófilos e monócitos com diminuição dos eosinófilos e linfócitos. O número de hemácias, a concentração de hemoglobina e o hematócrito também se elevaram. Houve maior aumento para a aspartato aminotranferase (AST e aumentos moderados para a creatina quinase (CK egamaglutamiltransferase (GGT. Incrementos também foram observados nos níveis de uréia, bilirrubina e creatinina. Os valores de proteínas totais não se alteraram. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos, plantas tóxicas, Stryphnodendron fissuratum

  4. VI Tallinna arhitektuuritriennaal / Leonhard Lapin

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lapin, Leonhard, 1947-

    2005-01-01

    15.-17. IX Tallinnas Niguliste kirikus toimuval VI Tallinna arhitektuuritriennaalil esinevad inglise arhitektuurikriitik Peter Davey, šveitsi arhitekt Peter Zumthor, soome arhitekt Juha Leviskä, eesti arhitekt Vilen Künnapu, eesti kunstiajaloolane Juhan Maiste jt. Külastatakse KUMU, tutvutab autor Pekka Vapaavuori

  5. Extraction of uranium (VI) sulphate complexes by Adogen amines

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Elyamani, I S; Abd Elmessieh, E N [Nuclear chemistry department, hot laboratories center, atomic energy authority, Cairo, (Egypt)

    1995-10-01

    The distribution of U(VI) between aqueous H{sub 2} So{sub 4} solutions and organic phases of adogen-368 has been described. The dependence of extraction on acidity, diluent type, metal and extractant concentrations was investigated. The possible extraction mechanism is discussed in the light of results obtained. The separation of U(VI) from rare earths is suggested. 5 figs., 1 tab.

  6. A FORMAÇÃO DE EDUCADORES DO CAMPO NO PARANÁ NO ÂMBITO DO PRONERA E DA LUTA PELO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Verdério

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta uma breve reflexão acerca da formação de educadores do campo no contexto do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA tendo como referências a luta pelo direito à educação e a luta por uma Educação do Campo. Como objeto de análise toma-se as duas primeiras turmas de Pedagogia para Educadores do Campo no Paraná, ocorridas entre os anos de 2004 e 2012, que estando ancoradas no protagonismo do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST foram concretizadas através de convênios firmados entre o PRONERA e a Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE. No processo de sistematização evidenciou-se a importância do PRONERA para garantia do direito dos povos trabalhadores do campo à educação e a especificidade do curso de Pedagogia para Educadores do Campo que é um curso estruturado sob o regime de alternância, constituído no contexto da luta por uma Educação do Campo. A reflexão assume como foco a luta pelo direito à educação, a atuação efetiva dos povos trabalhadores do campo neste âmbito, o que passa pela relação entre Movimento Social e Universidade no sentido de propor e fazer a formação de educadores do campo articulada à luta por uma Educação do Campo.

  7. Reduction of chromium (VI by the indirect action of Thiobacillus thioparus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Donati

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available The microbial reduction of chromium(VI to chromium(III has been one of the most widely studied forms of metal bioremediation. Recently, we have found that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, growing on elemental sulphur, can indirectly promote chromium(VI reduction by producing reducing agents such as sulphite and thiosulphate, which abiotically reduce chromium(VI. Those species of Thiobacillus are acidophilic bacteria which grow optimally at pH values lower than 4. However, most of those reducing agents are stabilised at higher pH values. Thus, the present paper reports on the ability to reduce chromium(VI using another specie of Thiobacilli, Thiobacillus thioparus, which is able to grow at pH close to 7.0. T. thioparus cultures were carried out in a fermentation vessel containing medium and sulphur as the sole energy source and maintained at 30ºC and 400 rpm. The pH was adjusted to 6.0, 7.0 or 8.0 and maintained with the automatic addition of KOH. Our results show high chromium (VI reduction values (close to 100% at the end of bacterial growth at the three pH values. The results of these experiments are very promising for development of a microbiological process to be used in the detoxification of chromium(VI-polluted effluents.

  8. CHROMIUM(VI REDUCTION BY A MIXED CULTURE OF SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA DEVELOPED IN COLUMN REACTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Henny

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available A lactate enriched mixed sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB culture was examined for the reduction of Cr(VI in a continuous flow system. The influent was mineral salts media added with lactate and sulfate with amounts of 8 and 6 mM respectively as electron donor and electron acceptor. The SRB culture was allowed to stabilize in the column before adding the Cr(VI to the influent. Chromium and sulfate reduction and lactate oxidation were examined by measuring the concentrations of Cr(Vl, sulfate and lactate in the influent and the effluent over time. The experiment was discontinued when Cr(VI concentration in the effiuent was breakthrough. In the absence of Cr(VI, sulfate was not completely reduced in the column, although lactate was completely oxidized and acetate as an intermediate product was not often detected. Almost all of Cr(VI loaded was reduced in the column seeded with the SRB culture at influent Cr(VI concentrations of 192,385 and769 mM. There was no significant Cr(VI loss in the control column, indicating that Cr(VI removal was due to the reduction of Cr(VI to Cr (lll by the SRB culture. The instantaneous Cr(VI removal decreased to a minimum of 32%, 24 days after the influent Cr(VI concentration was increased to 1540 mM, ancl sulfate removal efficiency decreased to a minimum of 17%. The SRB population in the column decreased 100 days after C(VI was added to the column. The total mass of Cr(VI reduced was approximately 878 mmol out of 881 mmol of Cr(Vl loaded in 116 days. The results clearly show that our developed SRB culture could reduced Cr(Vl considerably.

  9. VI Jornada de Criminología: «La criminología ante la delincuencia juvenil y sus nuevas formas»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Hernandez

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available

    El día 28 de enero de 2016 tuvo lugar en Barcelona la VI Jornada de Criminología organizada por la UOC i por el Centre d’Estudis Jurídics i Formació Especialitzada (CEJFE de la Generalitat de Cataluña. El tema tratado en esta sexta edición de la Jornada, que se celebra anualmente desde 2011, fue «La criminología ante la delincuencia juvenil y sus formas».

  10. Studies on the kinetics of uranium (VI) electro-reduction and reextraction: Pt. 2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tong Jihong; Ma Xuquan; Tai Derong; Sun Shiren

    1992-01-01

    The kinetics of U(VI) reextraction and U(IV) extraction in the process of U(VI) electro-reduction with the system of HNO 3 -N 2 H 5 NO 3 (H 2 O)/UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 -HNO 3 (30% TBP-OK) is investigated with a constant interfacial area cell (Lewis cell) with cathode and anode in it. According to the experimental results and data processing, the apparent activation energy of the U(VI) reextraction process is 36.02 kJ/nol. The U(VI) reextraction rate increases when the stirring speed of two phases increases. This process is mainly diffusion controlled. For the U(VI) extraction process, the apparent activation energy is 21.13 kJ/mol. The U(IV) extraction rate also increases when the stirring speed of two phases increases. This process is mainly diffusion controlled. The lower the potential of cathode is, the higher the rates of U(VI) reextraction and U(IV) extraction are

  11. Symmetry and optical anisotropy in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kiessling, Tobias

    2009-10-29

    The material system of choice for the investigations performed in the frame of this Thesis were self-assembled CdSe/ZnSe QDs. The reason for this choice is twofold. First, CdSe/ZnSe QDs can be grown with excellent optical quality, which is a prerequiste for optical studies. Second, due to the polar nature of II-VI compound semiconductors, optical anisotropies induced by various asymmetries are more pronounced than in their IIIV or element IV counterparts. Unlike in the III-V materials, where the self-organization of QDs is well described by the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode, the peculiarities of the QD formation are not entirely clear in II-VI alloys. For the purposes of the current work QDs emerging from two variants of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth were studied. In order to establish a clear connection between the optically observed anisotropies and the growth induced asymmetries in the QDs we start out by summarizing all available structural and morphological studies that were performed on the resultant QDs, including x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and resonant Raman scattering. Extensive investigations by Photoluminescence (PL) and Photoluminescence Excitation (PLE) spectroscopy hence detail the resultant electronic structure of excitons confined to the above QDs as well as their energy relaxation across the latter. We find that for these small-sized strongly confining QDs k-vector conservation is entirely relaxed, which enables interaction of the excitons with a continuum of phonons and explains fast and efficient exciton capture by the QDs, even for excitation conditions far above the ground state. We demonstrate how this provides an alternative fast relaxation channel to Auger-like electron-hole scattering, that may also explain fast hole relaxation and adds to the understanding of the absence of a phonon bottleneck in the energy relaxation in these type of QDs. With the above analysis as a

  12. Symmetry and optical anisotropy in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiessling, Tobias

    2009-01-01

    The material system of choice for the investigations performed in the frame of this Thesis were self-assembled CdSe/ZnSe QDs. The reason for this choice is twofold. First, CdSe/ZnSe QDs can be grown with excellent optical quality, which is a prerequiste for optical studies. Second, due to the polar nature of II-VI compound semiconductors, optical anisotropies induced by various asymmetries are more pronounced than in their IIIV or element IV counterparts. Unlike in the III-V materials, where the self-organization of QDs is well described by the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode, the peculiarities of the QD formation are not entirely clear in II-VI alloys. For the purposes of the current work QDs emerging from two variants of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth were studied. In order to establish a clear connection between the optically observed anisotropies and the growth induced asymmetries in the QDs we start out by summarizing all available structural and morphological studies that were performed on the resultant QDs, including x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and resonant Raman scattering. Extensive investigations by Photoluminescence (PL) and Photoluminescence Excitation (PLE) spectroscopy hence detail the resultant electronic structure of excitons confined to the above QDs as well as their energy relaxation across the latter. We find that for these small-sized strongly confining QDs k-vector conservation is entirely relaxed, which enables interaction of the excitons with a continuum of phonons and explains fast and efficient exciton capture by the QDs, even for excitation conditions far above the ground state. We demonstrate how this provides an alternative fast relaxation channel to Auger-like electron-hole scattering, that may also explain fast hole relaxation and adds to the understanding of the absence of a phonon bottleneck in the energy relaxation in these type of QDs. With the above analysis as a

  13. Kinetics and Products of Chromium(VI) Reduction by Iron(II/III)-Bearing Clay Minerals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joe-Wong, Claresta; Brown, Gordon E; Maher, Kate

    2017-09-05

    Hexavalent chromium is a water-soluble pollutant, the mobility of which can be controlled by reduction of Cr(VI) to less soluble, environmentally benign Cr(III). Iron(II/III)-bearing clay minerals are widespread potential reductants of Cr(VI), but the kinetics and pathways of Cr(VI) reduction by such clay minerals are poorly understood. We reacted aqueous Cr(VI) with two abiotically reduced clay minerals: an Fe-poor montmorillonite and an Fe-rich nontronite. The effects of ionic strength, pH, total Fe content, and the fraction of reduced structural Fe(II) [Fe(II)/Fe(total)] were examined. The last variable had the largest effect on Cr(VI) reduction kinetics: for both clay minerals, the rate constant of Cr(VI) reduction varies by more than 3 orders of magnitude with Fe(II)/Fe(total) and is described by a linear free energy relationship. Under all conditions examined, Cr and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra show that the main Cr-bearing product is a Cr(III)-hydroxide and that Fe remains in the clay structure after reacting with Cr(VI). This study helps to quantify our understanding of the kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(II/III)-bearing clay minerals and may improve predictions of Cr(VI) behavior in subsurface environments.

  14. Polyaniline (PANI) modified bentonite by plasma technique for U(VI) removal from aqueous solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xinghao [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230088 (China); Cheng, Cheng [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Xiao, Chengjian, E-mail: xiaocj@caep.cn [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Shao, Dadong, E-mail: shaodadong@126.com [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Xu, Zimu, E-mail: xzm@mail.ustc.edu.cn [Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230088 (China); Wang, Jiaquan; Hu, Shuheng [Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230088 (China); Li, Xiaolong; Wang, Weijuan [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China)

    2017-07-31

    Highlights: • PANI/bentonie can be synthesized by simple plasma technique. • PANI/bentonie has an excellent adsorption capacity for trace uranium in solution. • U(VI) adsorption on PANI/bentonite is a spontaneous and endothermic process. - Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) modified bentonite (PANI/bentonie) was synthesized by plasma induced polymerization of aniline on bentonite surface, and applied to uptake of uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solution. The as-synthesized PANI/bentonie was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Batch adsorption technique was utilized to investigate the adsorption of U(VI) on bentonite and PANI/bentonite. The adsorption of U(VI) (10 mg/L) on PANI/bentonite surface is fairly depend on solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature in solution. The modified PANI on PANI/bentonite surface significantly enhances its adsorption capability for U(VI). The presence of humic acid (HA) can sound enhance U(VI) adsorption on PANI/bentonite at pH < 6.5 because of the strong complexation, and inhibits U(VI) adsorption at pH > 6.5. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of U(VI) on PANI/bentonite surface is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results highlight the application of PANI/bentonite composites as candidate material for the uptake of trace U(VI) from aqueous solution.

  15. Study on Cr(VI) Leaching from Cement and Cement Composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palascakova, Lenka; Kanuchova, Maria

    2018-01-01

    This paper reports an experimental study on hexavalent chromium leaching from cement samples and cement composites containing silica fume and zeolite additions that were subjected to various leaching agents. The water-soluble Cr(VI) concentrations in cements ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 mg/kg and represented only 1.8% of the total chromium content. The presence of chromium compounds with both chromium oxidation states of III and VI was detected in the cement samples by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Leaching tests were performed in a Britton-Robinson buffer to simulate natural conditions and showed increased dissolution of Cr(VI) up to 6 mg/kg. The highest amount of leached hexavalent chromium was detected after leaching in HCl. The findings revealed that the leaching of chromium from cements was higher by 55–80% than that from the cement composites. A minimum concentration was observed for all cement samples when studying the relationship between the soluble Cr(VI) and the cement storage time. PMID:29690550

  16. Remediation of U(VI)-contaminated water using zero-valent iron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdelouas, A.; Gong, W.; Lutze, W.; Nuttall, E.

    1999-01-01

    We investigated the possibility of U(VI) reduction by zero-valent iron (Fe 0 ). We conducted batch experiments with granular iron and solutions containing 0.25 and 9.3 mg L -1 U(VI) at 24 deg C. The solution pH ranges between 2 and 9. In all experiments uranium removal was complete within several hours to several days regardless of the pH value. The reduced uranium precipitated as poorly crystallized hydrated uraninite, UO 2 .nH 2 O. The reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) by Fe 0 was found to be the principal mechanism of U removal from the solution. Other mechanisms such as U(VI) sorption on the newly formed Fe(III) hydroxides are insignificant. These results show that zero-valent iron can be used to remedy U-contaminated waters from uranium mines and mill tailings sites, the pH of which usually ranges between 2 and 9. (authors)

  17. Superávit e déficit fiscal dos municípios brasileiros: uma aplicação do modelo de viés de seleção em painel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Naruhiko Sakurai

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o resultado primário fiscal dos municípios brasileiros entre 1999 e 2007, aplicando a metodologia de viés de seleção para dados em painel proposto por Wooldridge (1995. Mais especificamente, assume-se que a ocorrência de superávits e déficits fiscais não deve ser tomada como um evento puramente aleatório e, alternativamente, assume-se a existência de um primeiro estágio que determina a ocorrência de um superávit ou de um déficit fiscal. Os resultados corrigidos para a presença do viés amostral indicam que saldos fiscais positivos e negativos são parcialmente influenciados pelas características fiscais dos municípios, bem como pela estrutura demográfica da população. Contudo, suas características políticas pouco influenciam o resultado fiscal.

  18. A critical review of ferrate(VI)-based remediation of soil and groundwater.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rai, Prabhat Kumar; Lee, Jechan; Kailasa, Suresh Kumar; Kwon, Eilhann E; Tsang, Yiu Fai; Ok, Yong Sik; Kim, Ki-Hyun

    2018-01-01

    Over the past few decades, diverse chemicals and materials such as mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, and zeolites have been used for soil and groundwater remediation. Ferrate (Fe VI O 4 2- ) has been widely employed due to its high-valent iron (VI) oxo compound with high oxidation/reduction potentials. Ferrate has received attention for wide environmental applications including water purification and sewage sludge treatment. Ferrate provides great potential for diverse environmental applications without any environmental problems. Therefore, this paper provides comprehensive information on the recent progress on the use of (Fe VI O 4 2- ) as a green material for use in sustainable treatment processes, especially for soil and water remediation. We reviewed diverse synthesis recipes for ferrates (Fe VI O 4 2- ) and their associated physicochemical properties as oxidants, coagulants, and disinfectants for the elimination of a diverse range of chemical and biological species from water/wastewater samples. A summary of the eco-sustainable performance of ferrate(VI) in water remediation is also provided and the future of ferrate(VI) is discussed in this review. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Carbon-13 NMR characterization of actinyl(VI) carbonate complexes in aqueous solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clark, D.L.; Hobart, D.E.; Palmer, P.D.; Sullivan, J.C.; Stout, B.E.

    1992-01-01

    The uranyl(VI) carbonate system has been re-examined using 13 C NMR of 99.9% 13 C-enriched U VI O 2 ( 13 CO 3 ) 3 4- in millimolar concentrations. By careful control of carbonate ion concentration, we have confirmed the existence of the trimer, and observed dynamic equilibrium between the monomer and the timer. In addition, the ligand exchange reaction between free and coordinated carbonate on Pu VI O 2 ( 13 CO 3 ) 3 4- and Am VI O 2 ( 13 CO 3 ) 3 4- systems has been examined by variable temperature 13 C NMR line-broadening techniques 13 C NMR line-broadening techniques. A modified Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill NMR pulse sequence was written to allow for experimental determination of ligand exchange parameters for paramagnetic actinide complexes. Preliminary Eyring analysis has provided activation parameters of ΔG double-dagger 295 = 56 kJ/M, ΔH double-dagger = 38 kJ/M, and ΔS double-dagger = -60 J/M-K for the plutonyl triscarbonate system, suggesting an associative transition state for the plutonyl (VI) carbonate complex self-exchange reaction. Experiments for determination of the activation parameters for the americium (VI) carbonate system are in progress

  20. Oral-facial-digital syndrome with mesoaxial polysyndactyly, common AV canal, hirschsprung disease and sacral dysgenesis: Probably a transitional type between II, VI, variant of type VI or a new type

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rabah M. Shawky

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available We report a 4 month old male infant, the first in order of birth of healthy first cousin consanguineous parents who has many typical features of oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI (OFDS VI including hypertelorism, bilateral convergent squint, depressed nasal bridge, and wide upturned nares, low set posteriorly rotated ears, long philtrum, gum hyperplasia with notches of the alveolar borders, high arched palate, and hyperplastic oral frenula. He has mesoaxial and postaxial, polysyndactyly which is the specific feature of OFDS VI, however the cerebellum is normal on MRI brain. He has also some rare congenital anomalies including common atrioventricular canal, hirschsprung disease, and sacral dysgenesis. This patient may have a transitional type between II and VI, a variant of type VI or a new type.