Santiago de Chile: Metropolización, globalización, desigualdad

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Alfredo Rodríguez

2001-05-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo describe cómo la pobreza y la exclusión dentro de Santiago ha sido pasada por alto en parte debido al fuerte desempeño económico y al positivo conjunto de indicadores sociales que la ciudad exhibe. Enfatiza cuán segregada se ha vuelto la ciudad, subrayando la fragmentación política y las grandes diferencias entre las 34 municipalidades que conforman el Gran Santiago en lo que se refiere a ingreso per cápita, calidad de la educación, cobertura de la inversión en edificación y los niveles de ingreso y gasto de las autoridades municipales. También describe la pérdida de espacio social y físico para la interacción pública y el crecimiento de una percepción de inseguridad. Sugiere que tales problemas en parte se relacionan con una falta de estructuras democráticas en Santiago ya que la ciudad carece de un gobierno metropolitano representativo y además el poder, los recursos y la toma de decisiones permanecen en un plano nacionalThe paper describes how poverty and exclusion within Santiago has been overlooked, in part, because of the city’s strong economic performance and impressive aggregate social indicators. It highlights how segregated the city has become -for instance the political fragmentation and the difference between the 34 municipalities that conform Santiago in terms of their per capita income, quality of education, extent of new building investment, and municipal authority levels of income and expenditure. It also describes the loss of social and physical space for public interaction and the rising perception of insecurity. It suggests that such problems are in part linked to the lack of democratic structures within Santiago since it lacks a democratic metropolitan government. Power, resources and decisions remain within national ministries

Safeguarding musical heritage. Memories of the rescue of the Hymn of Santiago de Cuba

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Daylenis Blanco-Lobaina

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The musicality that highlights Santiago de Cuba as one of its fundamental attractions motivated one of the lines of work of the Escalinata project, focused on communication and promotion of Santiago's heritage. The city treasures several hymns composed in different periods and historical contexts, among them some dedicated to the Virgin of the Charity of the Copper and Santiago Apostle, patron of the city. However, dedicated to the city, Santiago's musical history has revealed the existence of a single anthem, which is why a process of restoration and digitization of its scores began in function of the rescue of this musical composition of the early nineteenth century. This work reveals the process of safeguarding and enhancing the value of this piece of music, considered to be the city's cultural heritage, just 88 years after it was premiered in the Municipal Government of Santiago de Cuba.

Fusion Culture : Fashion beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism

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Lehnert, Gertrud; Mentges, Gabriele

2017-01-01

Tagungsbericht zu 'Fusion Culture: Fashion beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism', Universität Potsdam, 5. bis 7. November 2009 Die von Gabriele Mentges (Dortmund) und Gertrud Lehnert (Potsdam) veranstaltete und von der Volkswagen Stiftung geförderte Tagung befasste sich mit dem Thema 'Orientalismus und Mode' zum einen unter historischen Aspekten, zum anderen unter gegenwärtigen Bedingungen, in denen von 'Orientalismus' kaum noch die Rede sein kann. Denn längst haben wechselseitige Bezüge ...

Vasijas conectadas: Asia Occidental y Asia Oriental en la Geopolítica de China

OpenAIRE

Yitzhak Shichor

2016-01-01

Las regiones de Asia Oriental y Asia Occidental (Oriente Medio) son normalmente tratadas en la literatura académica como dos asuntos separados y distintos dentro de la política exterior china. Los estudios acerca de la política de China en Asia Oriental apenas si mencionan Oriente Medio, mientras que los estudios de Oriente Medio apenas mencionan Asia Occidental. Pero de hecho ambas regiones no sólo están interconectadas en la visión geopolítica de Chin...

The many arts in Santiago, by João Moreira Salles

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Jacques Fux

2012-05-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the documentary Santiago, by João Moreira Salles, exploring the many arts of the main character Santiago. Besides being very rich in its autobiographic approach, the film allows us to establish some connections with literature and some characters of Borges and Flaubert, as it relates to performance and documentary theories. Santiago, disguised as a butler for over four decades, began to accumulate delusions. While working at the residence of the Moreira Salles, he typed 30,000 cards, classified and cataloged his own story and the “history of great men”. His notes are the record of his passage through Literature and History. The film by João Moreira Salles ensures Santiago’s posterity, in the same way that reports of Dante and the creations and inventions of Borges ensure the existence of their characters. Santiago, as a Flaubert’s copyist, lives and is reinvented on the screen through his testimony, memory, art and through the auto fictional documentary by Salles.

Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1998 annual report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

Financial information from Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd. and a review of their 1998 operations was made available for the benefit of shareholders. The company's core oil and gas business activities include exploration, development, production and marketing of crude oil and natural gas. The company produces oil and gas in Canada, Yemen, the Gulf of Mexico and Nigeria. Canadian Occidental also owns a 7.23 per cent share in the Syncrude joint venture. The company is developing new production in Hay, British Columbia, offshore west Africa and offshore northwest Australia. They are also one of North America's top three manufacturers of sodium chlorate. The report presents a summary of operations, a thorough management discussion and analysis of results and provides the customary consolidated financial statements and notes. Overall, 1998 was described as a difficult year financially, due to falling commodity prices. On the operations side, the company experienced its best results to date, producing more oil and gas than ever before. The company also invested over $ 950 million in new projects and opportunities. Some of the Company's most promising projects are located offshore Nigeria, offshore northwest Australia, in the Gulf of Mexico and in western Canada. These projects are expected to add 40,000 BOE of production by early 2000, with promise of attractive returns even at current low oil prices. tabs., figs

Children at risk: A comparison of child pedestrian traffic collisions in Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Blazquez, Carola; Lee, Jae Seung; Zegras, Christopher

2016-01-01

We examine and compare pedestrian-vehicle collisions and injury outcomes involving school-age children between 5 and 18 years of age in the capital cities of Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea. We conduct descriptive analysis of the child pedestrian-vehicle collision (P-VC) data (904 collisions for Santiago and 3,505 for Seoul) reported by the police between 2010 and 2011. We also statistically analyze factors associated with child P-VCs, by both incident severity and age group, using 3 regression models: negative binomial, probit, and spatial lag models. Descriptive statistics suggest that child pedestrians in Seoul have a higher risk of being involved in traffic crashes than their counterparts in Santiago. However, in Seoul a greater proportion of children are unharmed as a result of these incidents, whereas more child pedestrians are killed in Santiago. Younger children in Seoul suffer more injuries from P-VCs than in Santiago. The majority of P-VCs in both cities tend to occur in the afternoon and evening, at intersections in Santiago and at midblock locations in Seoul. Our model results suggest that the resident population of children is positively associated with P-VCs in both cities, and school concentrations apparently increase P-VC risk among older children in Santiago. Bus stops are associated with higher P-VCs in Seoul, and subway stations relate to higher P-VCs among older children in Santiago. Zone-level land use mix was negatively related to child P-VCs in Seoul but not in Santiago. Arterial roads are associated with fewer P-VCs, especially for younger children in both cities. A share of collector roads is associated with increased P-VCs in Seoul but fewer P-VCs in Santiago. Hilliness is related to fewer P-VCs in both cities. Differences in these model results for Santiago and Seoul warrant additional analysis, as do the differences in results across model type (negative binomial versus spatial lag models). To reduce child P-VCs, this study

LA IMAGEN DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA EN EL MERCADO TURÍSTICO ITALIANO

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Lucrezia Lopez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El sector turístico se está convirtiendo en uno de los sectores económicos más importantes en la economía gallega y compostelana. Durante los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas y exitosas políticas turísticas para diversificar la oferta turística de Santiago y al mismo tiempo para renovar su imagen. En la actualidad, Santiago deja de ser sólo meta religiosa o de peregrinaje, y la presencia turística es cada vez más internacional; por su parte las motivaciones de viaje se van diversificando. Para comprobar el éxito de estas políticas hacia el exterior, el presente trabajo toma en consideración la imagen que la ciudad de Santiago proyecta hacia el mercado italiano (uno de los más importantes en la actualidad gracias a un trabajo de campo mediante encuestas y entrevistas dirigido a los turistas italianos en Santiago.

CAMBIOS TEMPORALES DE LA LLUVIA EN EL OCCIDENTE DE LA ISLA DE CUBA

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Teresa López Deulofeu

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo surge de la necesidad de conocer en el tiempo, el comportamiento de la lluvia, asi como también en su distribución espacial en el occidente de Cuba. Se analiza la estacionalidad, tendencia, variabilidad y ciclícidad. Se comprobó que por lo menos en el período 1961-1993, no existe diferencia de las estaciones lluviosa y poco lluviosa. Se encontró que la ruptura de la tendencia ocurrió fuertemente en 1975, y una menor en 1973. Se han manifestado 4 ciclos aperíodicos. Se manifiesta el mismo comportamiento de la lluvia en todo el occidente de Cuba.

Gestión oriental y occidental: un acercamiento a los grandes gurues e ideas empresariales

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez López, Gerladyne; Amín Perafan, Julio Cesar; Barriga Gómez, Mateo

2013-01-01

En el presente trabajo se describen los aportes más destacados de algunos de los gurúes representativos del ámbito administrativo Oriental y Occidental. En Occidental se cuenta con el legado de Henry Ford, Philip Kotler, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henry Fayol, Michael Porter, Peter Drucker y Steve Jobs. En Oriente, los gurúes son Akio Morita, Edwards Deming, Kaoru Ishikawa, Familia Toyoda, Masaaki Imai y Taiichi Ohno. A partir de ello, se hacen comparaciones entre las tendencias de administ...

El color a las puertas de Santiago

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García Martínez, Alberto

1995-08-01

Full Text Available On the occasion of the Xacobeo 93, within the program of the works carried out to complete the urban infrastructures, Santiago de Compostela decided to undertake the morphological adaptation of the area located in the eastern part of the city, the arrival point of the Pilgrims Road to Santiago. In different parts of Spain, small chromatic actions are being carried out, mostly on the heritage of old buildings; on the contrary, the project which is the object of this article, beside being characteristic for its large scope, also has the peculiarity of referring to a recent architecture, dating from the 60s-70s.

Dentro del programa de obras realizadas por completar las infraestructuras urbanas, con motivo del Xacobeo 93, Santiago de Compostela decide la adecuación morfológica del barrio situado al Este de la ciudad, llegada del Camino Jacobeo. Si bien en distintos puntos de nuestro país se están produciendo pequeñas actuaciones cromáticas, éstas recaen siempre en el patrimonio edificado antiguo; por el contrario, el proyecto objeto de este artículo, además de la amplitud de su intervención, tiene la particularidad de referirse a una arquitectura reciente, de los años 60-70.

DECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA ERÓTICA DE LA VEJEZ EN OCCIDENTE

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Ricardo Iacub

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Este artículo deconstruye la erótica contemporánea en el envejecimiento focalizando en las diversas modalidades en que esta temática fue narrada en ciertos pueblos, momentos históricos y religiones de Occidente. Se desarrollan las narrativas producidas en el pueblo judío, la antigüedad griega y romana, los padres de la Iglesia, la modernidad y la posmodernidad. La investigación se inscribe dentro de los estudios culturales y contiene búsquedas históricas acerca de los significados atribuidos a esta temática utilizando fuentes directas e indirectas. Los resultados presentan la erótica en la vejez con significados diversos y dinámicos en la historia, hallando continuidades y discontinuidades narrativas. Palabras claves: Erótica, Vejez, Narrativas, Deconstrucción, Cultura Occidental.

Premarital sexual activity and contraceptive use in Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Herold, J M; Valenzuela, M S; Morris, L

1992-01-01

The Santiago Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey was conducted in 1988 to examine the sexual behavior of and contraceptive use among young adults in Chile. The survey was based on multistage household probability samples of 865 women and 800 men aged 15-24 who were living in Santiago in 1988. Findings show that 35 percent of females and 65 percent of males had had premarital intercourse. Among those who had done so, the median age at first experience was 18.4 years for women and 16.4 years for men. Only 20 percent of females and 19 percent of males used contraceptives at first premarital intercourse. Use of contraceptives increased with age at the time of that event. Fertility data reveal that 70 percent of first births were premaritally conceived, and more than one-third of these were born prior to union. The high rates of premarital and unintended pregnancy among young women and the low prevalence of effective contraceptive use indicate a need for greater emphasis on sex education and family planning services directed at adolescents and unmarried young adults in Santiago.

II. Introducción: el Occidente de Colombia y el problema del origen de Cacicazgos

OpenAIRE

Dever, Alejandro; Espinosa, Iván; Langebaek, Carl Henrik; Piazini, Emilio

2015-01-01

El Valle de Aburrá está localizado en la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Geográficamente hablando, se trata de un valle intermedio entre la cuenca del Río Cauca, ubicada al occidente, y la del Río del Magdalena, localizada al oriente (Figura 1). Desde que se iniciaran estudios arqueológicos en Antioquia, ésta región, y en general el occidente de Colombia, se definió como crucial para comprender el desarrollo de sociedades complejas. Reichel-Dolmatoff (1965: 135), por ejemplo, consideraba que ...

The Procession that Travels Inside: Yuyachkani's "Santiago"

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Miguel Rubio Zapata

2008-06-01

Full Text Available In collaborative theater projects like Yuyachkani , it is hard to define the exact moment when a new project begins. Generally we have a very imprecise idea as our initial point of departure and we explore it more fully in the day-to-day work, where it changes a great deal. Santiago is a project that began as a processional performance piece in the public plazas before premiering as a theatrical work in its current form, as a largely Quechua-language play focusing on permutations of faith in an almost uninhabited Andean village. The final project arrived as a result of this complex process of research and exploration. Santiago has a very long road to its current form, always with the indispensable accompaniment of the writer Peter Elmore, the co-author of the play.

Brazos Santiago Inlet, Texas, Shoaling Study

Science.gov (United States)

2018-02-01

Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared...focus of this study was to understand the shoaling process in the BSI and to suggest sand management alternatives to reduce inlet maintenance ...Santiago Inlet Entrance Channel maintenance dredging quantities (normal distribution). ........................................................ 20

Impact Assessment of the Fish for Every Family Project in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

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Lei A. Pangilinan

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Fish for Every Family Project (FFEFP is one of the initiatives of Plan International that responds to the issue of malnutrition among Filipino children. FFEFP aims to promote and develop backyard tilapia fish farming in Isabela, Mindoro Occidental, Southern Leyte, and Western Samar, Philippines. These are the areas in the country where malnutrition is commonly observed. This study explores the adoption to The Fish for Every Family Project (FFEFP, and assesses its impacts in different levels. This impact assessment of FFEFP was conducted in Occidental Mindoro. The researchers used purposive sampling to touch base directly with a representative sample of the FFEFP beneficiaries in three out of four municipalities in Mindoro Occidental. The data were gathered through focus group discussions with the key officials in the area and some tilapia cage culture technology adopters. Key informant interviews (KIIs of all project stakeholders were also conducted as well. In order to validate the information gathered from the respondents and to see the fish farms used, field visits and ocular inspection were made. The study revealed that the FFEFP has various impacts to the beneficiaries, adopters, and replicators of tilapia. The impacts occurred at three levels: individual, family, and community. It was found out that the project was able to provide self-satisfaction among the beneficiaries and build stronger relationships among the members of the family and of the community.

Nueva especie de rana (Atelopus de Los Farallones de Cali, Cordillera Occidental de Colombia

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Kattan Gustavo

1986-06-01

Full Text Available Durante la realización de colecciones herpetológicas en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, fue encontrada una especie no descrita de Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae en los farallones de Cali, a 2600 m de altura. Esta es la primera especie en este género que se encuentra a elevaciones superiores a 2000 m en la Cordillera Occidental. Se conocen varias especies de Atelopus en las Cordilleras Central y Oriental de Colombia y en los Andes ecuatorianos (COCHRAN y GOIN 1970; PETERS 1973; RIVERO 1963 y probablemente futuras colecciones herpetológicas continuaran revelando nuevas especies en las partes altas de la Cordillera Occidental.

Development of methods for evaluating options for improving air quality in Santiago, Chile and its environs. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Williams, M.D.; Brown, M.J.

1993-10-01

Santiago, Chile has a serious air pollution problem. Aerosols reach very high levels and ozone exceeds US ambient standards on over 100 days a year. Chileans are very concerned about the poor air quality of Santiago and the effect of emissions from their copper smelters both near Santiago and at other sites. Officials from both the Santiago metropolitan air quality commission (La Comision Especial de Descontaminacion de le Region Metropolitana) and a government owned copper development company (La Empress Nacional de Mineria (ENAMI)) have asked for assistance to deal with the air quality problems in the city and associated with smelter emissions. This report describes the first steps in that effort. Santiago lies in a valley between a small coastal range to the west and the towering Andes to the cast. Air motion is greatly affected by the major topographical features which include the Pacific Ocean, the coastal range, and the Andes. In this first year of work the authors concentrated on gathering information on the meteorology, topography, and air quality of the metropolitan region. They examined two smelter sites and applied models to them to help their understanding and to provide assistance to ENAMI. One smelter, Ventanas, was located on the Pacific coast to the northwest of Santiago, while the other, Paipote, was located several hundred kilometers to the north. The Ventanas emissions may potentially affect Santiago air quality. Several advantages of working with the smelters in the first phase of the project are: (1) there is more monitoring in the vicinity of the smelters, (2) the development of a useful emission inventory is easier, (3) they pose a simpler problem of immediate interest whose resolution will provide an early benefit to the Chilean colleagues, and (4) the authors gain important experience as they prepare to delve deeper into Santiago`s air pollution problems.

Indicator based sustainability analysis of future energy situation of Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Stelzer, Volker; Quintero, Adriana; Vargas, Luis; Paredes, Gonzalo; Simon, Sonja; Nienhaus, Kristina; Kopfmüller, Jürgen

2014-01-01

Up to now, the Chilean Energy system has fulfilled the energy needs of Santiago de Chile considerably well. However, development trends of the current system impose significant future risks on the energy system. A detailed sustainability analysis of the energy sector of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile was conducted, using selected energy indicators and a distance-to-target approach. Risks for the sustainable development of the energy sector are detected, such...

Identidad y fronteras urbanas en Santiago de Chile

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Francisca Márquez

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este articulo analiza a través de un ejercicio etnográfico los procesos de construcción identitaria de los habitantes de barrios pobres y medios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se plantea que las identidades que alli se construyen son expresión de los procesos de segregación urbana de la ciudad de Santiago y ellas dan cuenta del debilitamiento de un modelo urbano asentado en la heterogeneidad social, la noción de espacio público y valores como la ciudadanía política y la integración social. Paradojalmente, esta misma segregación urbana abre también paso a un imaginario y una práctica de vida comunitaria y tribal que refuerza y protege al nosotros de la peligrosidad de los otros.

Mérida, clave en la fundación de la Orden de Santiago

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José Antonio Ballesteros Díez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este articulo se expone qué la razón por la cual la Orden de los Fratres de Caceras se transformó en la Orden Militar de Santiago, a instancias del obispo de Compostela, radicó en que, a cambio de unos beneficios que éste concedió a Pedro Fernández, el maestre de los cacereños, la nueva Orden, en su avance reconquistador hacia el Sur, no debería reclamar la restauración de la sede arzobispal de Mérida, trasladada interinamente a Santiago mientras su sede emeritense estuviera ocupada por los musulmanes.In this article we are golng to expose that the reason for which the Order of the Fratres of Cáceres was transformed into the Military Order of Santiago at the request of the bishop of Compostela was possible because in exchange for some benefits that he gave Pedro fernández, the Knight of the cecereños, the new Orden in its reconquest advance to the South, shouldn't reclaim the retornatlon of the archiepiscopal see of Mérida, moved temporally to Santiago while it was occupied by the Moslem.

Una arteria norte-sur y el Santiago de Chile „non plus ultra’: la historia de un largo trayecto. / A north-south artery and Santiago de Chile 'non plus ultra

OpenAIRE

María Isabel Pavez Reyes

2011-01-01

Este escrito resume la prehistoria e historia del Complejo Vial Norte-Sur, de Santiago de Chile, como parte de las acciones del Estado de Chile, en la época del urbanismo realizado por el sector público. /This paper summarizes the prehistory and history of North-South Road Complex, Santiago de Chile, as part of the actions of the State of Chile, at the time of planning by the public sector.

Dos versiones de Santiago Matamoros del escultor Ruiz del Peral

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Miguel Ángel León Coloma

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El culto a Santiago Matamoros en el setecientos español, tolerado desde posiciones ilustradas, sigue siendo una devoción alentada por una Iglesia sustancialmente contrarreformista. En Granada este tema iconográfico, con un especial  arraigo  desde  su conquista,  cuenta  en el siglo  XVIII  con  dos  interesantes  realizaciones  escultóricas,  la del convento  de las Comendadoras  de Santiago  y la de la Iglesia  de Santa Ana y San Gil, cuya atribución a Torcuato Ruiz del Peral proponemos en estas páginas.

Santiago de Chile: antecedentes demográficos, expansión urbana y conflictos./ Santiago de Chile: demographic background for the urban sprawl and its conflicts.

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Francisco Ferrando Acuña

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Cuando la expansión de Santiago se efectuó sobre los sectores rurales circundantes y también, en los últimos decenios, en polígonos altos en busca de mejores condiciones ambientales y de calidad de vida, también impensadamente, se efectuó hacia áreas de mayor riesgo. La ciudad ha cuadruplicado su superficie en los últimos 50 años y se acerca al límite de su capacidad de carga, presionado por la ocupación de áreas morfodinámicamente inestables. Son, por lo tanto, motivo de especial preocupación los desastres asociados en parte a procesos naturales, a los que están expuestas ciudades como Santiago, con una expansión asociada a un proceso de desplanificación activado desde 1979 y que dio término a los 50 años del Estado Planificador (1929-1979./When the urban growth of Santiago overlapped its rural environment, it also overlapped risk zones. in the last half century, the city has quadrupled its surface and is getting to the limit of usable land before using morphodynamic unstable zones.

Agresividad y resolución de problemas interpersonales en alumnado de cultura occidental y alumnado de cultura amazigh

OpenAIRE

Garrido Cerón, Rafael de Fátima

2015-01-01

En la presente tesis se analiza la relación que guardan entre sí variables como: agresividad y la resolución de problemas interpersonales, con variables culturales (cultura amazigh, cultura occidental), personales (sexo) y socioeconómicas (estatus socioeconómico), y con impulsividad en una muestra de estudiantes de cultura occidental y estudiantes de cultura amazigh escolarizados en tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria. Desarrollo teórico: Se empieza realizando una aproximación a la cultu...

La situación del arbolado urbano en Santiago./ The state of urban trees in Santiago.

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Jaime Hernández Palma

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En la mayoría de los países desarrollados el concepto de manejo de la vegetación urbana ha evolucionado desde funciones meramente estética a funciones medioambientales, incluyendo los beneficios económicos cuantificables de árboles y espacios verdes. En Santiago se constata una gran diferencia entre los distintos municipios respecto de sus políticas y capacidades técnicas asociadas al manejo ("sustentable" de este recurso. Las diferencias de cobertura arbórea pueden llegar a ser de 10 a 1, entre comunas de estratos socioeconómicos altos y bajos. Por ello los servicios ambientales de la vegetación urbana también presentan una gran variabilidad espacial en la ciudad./ The management of the urban vegetation has evolved in the Developed World, from aesthetics to environmental considerations including the economic evaluation of it. In the developing countries the situation is different; in Santiago de Chile there's a deficit in the politics and technical assistance related to the management of the environment. The inequality between the rich and the poor neighbors in terms of trees in public spaces can be as much as 10 to 1. So, the environmental impact of the urban vegetation is not something to consider locally.

[Santiago Ramon y Cajal in literature, cinema and television].

Science.gov (United States)

Collado-Vazquez, S; Carrillo, J M

2016-11-16

The life and work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal has been portrayed in scientific papers, biographical and autobiographical works, comics, films, television series or documentaries that have attempted to reflect upon his life or his contributions to science and to bring him closer to the general public. To analyse the different ways Santiago Ramon y Cajal has been represented in literature, cinema and television, and to become more closely acquainted with this scientist through his fictional writings. A number of biographical works have been written about Santiago Ramon y Cajal, including scientific papers, comics, books for children and youngsters, as well as the autobiographical writings, essays and even science fiction stories, which provide a good introduction to the life of the scientist and his work. His life has also been adapted to film (Leap to fame) or television (Ramon y Cajal, historia de una voluntad; The butterflies of the soul), which have, with varying degrees of success and accuracy, made him better known to the general population. The numerous biographical writings, historical notes, articles, the scientific work itself, the essays and fictional works by Cajal, as well as the portrayals of the Spanish Nobel Prize winner produced for films and television, can be used to obtain some interesting insights into the scientist, teacher, science populariser, humanist physician and, in short, the man who made such important contributions to neuroscience.

Una arteria norte-sur y el Santiago de Chile „non plus ultra’: la historia de un largo trayecto. / A north-south artery and Santiago de Chile 'non plus ultra

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María Isabel Pavez Reyes

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este escrito resume la prehistoria e historia del Complejo Vial Norte-Sur, de Santiago de Chile, como parte de las acciones del Estado de Chile, en la época del urbanismo realizado por el sector público. /This paper summarizes the prehistory and history of North-South Road Complex, Santiago de Chile, as part of the actions of the State of Chile, at the time of planning by the public sector.

When memory becomes heritage: Experiences from Santiago, Chile

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Chiara Bianchini, Maria

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article explores the relationships between memory politics and urban heritage in the construction of a twenty-first century democratic society. It focuses on the case of Chile and concentrates on three examples of public buildings in the capital city, Santiago. Given what can be considered a difficult heritage –linked to the recent experience of dictatorship and state sponsored violence– these buildings have been in recent years objects of heritage politics, directed to address a public memory related to those events. Based on these case studies, the article critically discusses the materialization of the dominant human rights discourse in the current memory politics affecting Santiago’s urban heritage.Este artículo aborda las relaciones entre políticas de memoria y patrimonio urbano en el proceso de construcción de una sociedad democrática del siglo XXI. El análisis se centra en el caso de Chile y presenta tres ejemplos de edificios públicos de la capital, Santiago. Los tres sitios representan lo que puede considerarse un patrimonio difícil –vinculado a una reciente experiencia de dictadura y violencia de Estado– y, por esta razón, han sido objeto, en años recientes, de políticas patrimoniales dirigidas a gestionar la memoria pública de esos eventos. A través de estos casos, el artículo analiza críticamente la materialización del discurso dominante de los derechos humanos en las actuales políticas de memoria que afectan al patrimonio urbano de Santiago.

Historias e identidades barriales del Gran Santiago: 1950-2000

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Francisca Márquez B

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A pesar de la segregación urbana y social que caracteriza a la ciudad de Santiago; en ella coexisten también identidades territoriales fuertes en su propuesta de integración social y urbana. Esta investigación aborda desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes, los procesos de construcción identitaria en ocho barrios de Santiago, desde los años cincuenta en adelante. La conclusión es que, pese a los enormes cambios experimentados en la sociedad y la persistencia de la segregación territorial, los barrios analizados destacan por la fuerza de sus identidades y la capacidad de diálogo con la ciudad. A diferencia de otros territorios, estos nacieron de proyectos identitarios y urbanos sólidos pensados e implementados por un conjunto de actores sociales diversos. Hoy sus habitantes se identifican con el barrio y lo defienden sin aplicar mecanismos de aislamiento, y en este proceso histórico, construyen y reafirman el derecho a la ciudad.I spite of Santiago, Chile's socioeconomic segregation,two territorially based identities also are present within this metropolitan area that offer strong proposals for social and urban integration. This study examines how inhabitants of eight neighborhoods in Santiago have constructed local identities since the 1950s. The study's findings indicate that in spite of the enormous changes experienced by Chilean society during this period and the persistence of socio-spatial segregation, the neighborhoods studied reveal the strength of their identities and their capacity to engage in a dialogue with the city. In contrast to other areas of the city, these communities initially emerged with solid identity and urban projects conceived and implemented by a diverse group of social actors. Today, residents identify with and defend their neighborhoods without relying on mechanisms designed to isolate themselves; and within this historical process, they construct and reaffirm the right to the city.

Rutas literarias en el Camino de Santiago

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Octavio Uña Juarez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Desde los marcos teóricos de la sociología de la literatura y desde la consideración del lenguaje poético se presenta el Camino de Santiago como una gran realización humana y como una construcción simbólica de la sociedad española y europea desde las profundidades de la Edad Media hasta la tardomodernidad. La vía de Santiago ha sido una metáfora viva del encuentro, un signo vertebrador de la conciencia europea. Unas puntuales consideraciones revisan posiciones de filósofos, teólogos, semiólogos y creadores literarios para presentar la característica específica de la peregrinación jacobea y sus itinerarios: la edificación de un sistema de comunicación con lenguajes propios, un constructo significativo de orden religioso. El viaje así aparece como arte y discurso narrado, recreado por mil ejercicios del lenguaje elaborado y en mil juegos de la memoria hasta constituir una inmensa acumulación de significado y sentido.

Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile

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María A. Rubio

2015-12-01

Full Text Available On 4 and 8 January 2014, at the height of the austral summer, intense wildfires in forests and dry pastures occurred in the Melipilla sector, located about 70 km to the southwest of Santiago, the Chilean capital, affecting more than 6 million inhabitants. Low level winds transported the forest fire plume towards Santiago causing a striking decrease in visibility and a marked increase in the concentration of both primary (PM10 and CO and secondary (Ozone pollutants in the urban atmosphere. In particular, ozone maximum concentrations in the Santiago basin reached hourly averages well above 80 ppb, the national air quality standard. This ozone increase took place at the three sampling sites considered in the present study. These large values can be explained in terms of high NOx concentrations and NO2/NO ratios in biomass burning emissions.

Mil rosas roubadas, Work of Silviano Santiago a Bakhitinian Analysis

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Renata Coelho Marchezan

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes Mil rosas roubadas, written by Silviano Santiago in 2014, dealing with the notions of (autobiography, (autobiographical novel, metafiction and autofiction. Although the creation of this last word may indicate the existence of a new genre – it is even adopted by the writer himself to name his work –, the article shows the pertinence of placing Mil rosas roubadas in the route of the transformations and stylisations of the (autobiographical novel, such as examined by M. Bakhtin. The novel is, for Bakhtin, a genre without rigid forms, an unfinished genre, as it always follows the inflections of social life. In this way the ressemantization of the self, proposed by Silviano Santiago, is analyzed.

Santiago Pérez Triana

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Sergio Elías Ortíz

1958-09-01

Full Text Available El nombre de Santiago Pérez Triana, aunque suena en el ambiente colombiano, algunas veces confundido con el de su ilustre padre, como el de un escritor notable y hasta como un orador de fama internacional, no se lo conoce, a nuestro juicio, en todo lo que vale y pesa, no digamos en el dominio de las letras castellanas, pero ni siquiera en su propia patria de origen, excepto en pequeño círculo intelectuales capacitado para valorar a conciencia los quilates de pensador de este hombre prodigioso que paseó su inteligencia sobre temas, diversos , con capacidad múltiple, e ilustración inagotable.

Vialidad, Transporte y Planeamiento urbano-regional en Santiago de Chile, 1950-1979

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María Isabel Pávez Reyes

2007-04-01

The thesis describes and interprets the work of Road Network and Transport 1950–1979 - in the frame of 50 years of the Planning State (1929-1979- in its capacity to contribute both to order the territory of the Inter communal and the region of Santiago, as well as the Interregion formed by Valparaíso-Santiago (Chile, and Mendoza (Argentina with a time horizon to the year 2000, contributing in this way to the discussion about the value of this experience of the Planning State of Chile. The hypothesis state: • That the preparation of the modern concepts of Roar Network and Transport had arisen from the group of Chilean architects devoted to Urban and Regional planning, which were thoughtful and critical with respect to part of the doctrines of the Modern Movement, and considered the road networks as the starting point for the territorial ordering relating the technical possibilities with the service of the Chilean urban regions. • That the work 1950-1979 in Road Network and Transport had been coherent with the coordinated growing forms proposed for the metropolis of Santiago in the inter-commune and in the region by the Urban and Regional Vialidad y Transporte en la Metrópolis de Santiago - nº 51 - marzo / abril 2007 5 Planning 1950-1979, becoming a structuring system properly connected to the national territory, and that would allow the access to the new human settlements metropolitan equipment prepared in the urban and regional territory, contributing to configure a modern urban region since it considered all its aspects as an “interior” from the point of view of sustainability and duration as a whole. • That the concept behind the work 1950-1979, had foreseen its projection on a central macro region of Chile, for being immersed in a bi national economy of three nucleuses, that considered Santiago, Valparaíso and Mendoza, the later in Argentina, which has the Corredor Transandino Central Valparaíso-Buenos Aires as the fundamental axle. • And that

Estudio del campo ocupacional del traductor en Santiago de Chile (A Study of Opportunities for Professional Translators in Santiago, Chile).

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Cabrera, Ileana; And Others

A study of translation as a profession in Chile covered two areas: a diagnostic study of the real need for literary, scientific, and technical translations, and a followup study of graduates of the translation degree program at the Catholic Pontifical University of Chile (Santiago). The analysis considered the relationship between the need for…

Evolution of aerosol loading in Santiago de Chile between 1997 and 2014

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Pistone, Kristina; Gallardo, Laura

2015-04-01

While aerosols produced by major cities are a significant component of anthropogenic climate forcing as well as an important factor in public health, many South American cities have not been a major focus of aerosol studies due in part to relatively few long-term observations in the region. Here we present a synthesis of the available data for the emerging megacity of Santiago, Chile. We report new results from a recent NASA AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) site in the Santiago basin, combining these with previous AERONET observations in Santiago as well as with a new assessment of the 11-station air quality monitoring network currently administered by the Chilean Environment Ministry (MMA, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente) to assess changes in aerosol composition since 1997. While the average surface concentration of pollution components (specifically PM2.5 and PM10) has decreased, no significant change in total aerosol optical depth was observed. However, changes in aerosol size and composition are suggested by the proxy measurements. Previous studies have revealed limitations in purely satellite-based studies over Santiago due to biases from high surface reflection in the region, particularly in summer months (e.g. Escribano et al 2014). To overcome this difficulty and certain limitations in the air quality data, we next incorporate analysis of aerosol products from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument along with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, both on NASA's Terra satellite, to better quantify the high bias of MODIS. Thus incorporating these complementary datasets, we characterize the aerosol over Santiago over the period 1997 to 2014, including the evolution of aerosol properties over time and seasonal dependencies in the observed trends. References: Escribano et al (2014), "Satellite Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth over a Subtropical Urban Area: The Role of Stratification and Surface

Santiago, four Decades and a Half from the University of East

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Reynier Rodríguez-Pérez

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The text introduces the Taller Literario and the Revista de la Universidad de Oriente as direct antecedent of the Santiago magazine, in that sense it places the magazine in the center of an editorial process generated by the university after the addition to the institution of Nils Castro, a professor from Panama. The text also values the circumstances of the period were the Santiago magazine abandons it printed format and projects the way followed by the institution in the next years. In adittion, the review celebrates the role of the editor of scientific magazines in the communication of science and technological innovation results of universities.

El Parque Portal Bicentenario en Santiago de Chile / Portal Bicentennial Park in Santiago de Chile

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Beach Lobos, Myriam;; Montealegre Klenner, Alberto

2007-01-01

Se presenta los principios que orientaron el diseño del Parque Portal Bicentenario, un parque de 50 hás. que será el eje principal de la nueva urbanización “Ciudad Parque Bicentenario”, actualmente en construcción en los terrenos del ex aeropuerto de Los Cerrillos en Santiago de Chile.The following text was submitted to the Architecture Competition together with the project drawings. It presents the principles that leaded the design. The 123 acres park will be the main axis of a new urban dev...

Como nasceu e como morreu o "marxismo ocidental" How the "Occidental Marxism" was born and died

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Domenico Losurdo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Por muito tempo o “marxismo ocidental” celebrou a sua superioridade em relação ao marxismo dos países que se remetiam ao socialismo e que estavam todos situados no Oriente. Em decorrência dessa atitude arrogante, o marxismo ocidental nunca se empenhou seriamente em repensar a teoria de Marx à luz de um balanço histórico concreto: qual era o papel do Estado e da nação nesses países e no “campo socialista”? Como promover a democracia e os direitos humanos e como estimular o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas e o bem-estar das massas numa situação caracterizada pelo bloqueio capitalista? Ao invés de pôr-se essas questões difíceis, o marxismo ocidental preferiu abandonar-se à cômoda atitude autoconsolatória de quem cultiva em particular as suas utopias e rejeita, como uma contaminação, o contato com a realidade e a reflexão sobre a realidade. Disso derivou uma progressiva capitulação à ideologia dominante. Por fim, a autocelebração do marxismo ocidental desembocou na sua autodissolução. Palavras-chave: Marxismo ocidental. Campo socialista. Falta de balanço histórico. Autodissolução. For a long time the “occidental Marxism” celebrated its superiority over the Marxism established in countries located in the Orient, to where the socialism was related. Due to this arrogante attitude, the occidental Marxism has never endeavored to rethink Marx’s theory upon a concrete historical summary: what was the role of the State and Nation in these countries and in the “socialist field”? How to promote the democracy and the human rights and how to estimulate the development of the productive forces and people’s welfare within a situation featured by the capitalist interdiction? Instead of opposing to those difficult questions, the occidental Marxism preferred to remain at a comfortable and self-consolating attitude, cultivating their particular utopias and rejecting, as a contamination, the contact to and

El problema del sujeto en la posmodernidad occidental

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Mario Magallón Anaya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El art culo cuestiona la tesis hist rica de la construcci n de sujeto moderno en Am rica Latina en los marcos de la democracia liberal, dado que los procesos de incorporaci n del hombre americano al mundo occidental se han presentado de forma contradictoria y ambigua en medio de los debates sobre la formaci n de las categor as de ciudadan a , de democracia y de sociedad civil , lo que lleva a pensar en la naturaleza de los movimientos y representaciones sociales actuales en Am rica Latina, pero tambi n en las pr cticas sociales cotidianas que incluyen lo ideol gico y lo pol tico institucional.

El turismo cultural como factor estratégico de desarrollo: el Camino de Santiago

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Precedo Ledo, Andrés

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this investigation is to study one of the strategies of territorial marketing of greater success: the promotion of the Way of Santiago and the mark of the Xacobeo. The approach of the study attack from the perspective of its contribution to the territorial, as much rural development (the Galician section of the Way like urban (the city of Santiago de Compostela. The departure hypothesis is that, in both cases, the cultural tourism has worked like a complementary factor of development being necessary to insert it in a model of integrated development to optimize its potential of share capital.

El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar una de las estrategias de marketing territorial de mayor éxito: la promoción del Camino de Santiago y la marca del Xacobeo. El enfoque del estudio se aborda desde la perspectiva de su contribución al desarrollo territorial, tanto rural (el tramo gallego del Camino como urbano (la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela. La hipótesis de partida es que, en ambos casos, el turismo cultural ha funcionado como un factor complementario de desarrollo siendo necesario insertarlo en un modelo de desarrollo integrado para optimizar su potencial de capital social.

Environmental Justice Screening Method (EJSM) Score, San Joaquin Valley CA, 2013, Occidental College and UC Berkeley

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The Cumulative Impacts (CI) screening method is jointly being developed by Manuel Pastor, Jim Sadd (Occidental College), and Rachel Morello-Frosch (UC Berkeley) ....

Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile's policy of using urban forests to improve air quality

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Francisco J. Escobedo; John E. Wagner; David J. Nowak; Carmen Luz De la Maza; Manuel Rodriguez; Daniel E. Crane

2008-01-01

Santiago, Chile has the distinction of having among the worst urban air pollution problems in Latin America. As part of an atmospheric pollution reduction plan, the Santiago Regional Metropolitan government defined an environmental policy goal of using urban forests to remove particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10) in the Gran...

Long-term effects of tetanus toxoid inoculation on the demography and life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques.

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Kessler, Matthew J; Hernández Pacheco, Raisa; Rawlins, Richard G; Ruiz-Lambrides, Angelina; Delgado, Diana L; Sabat, Alberto M

2015-02-01

Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago prior to 1985 when the entire colony was given its first dose of tetanus toxoid. The immediate reduction in mortality that followed tetanus toxoid inoculation (TTI) has been documented, but the long-term demographic effects of eliminating tetanus infections have not. This study uses the Cayo Santiago demographic database to construct comparative life tables 12 years before, and 12 years after, TTI. Life tables and matrix projection models are used to test for differences in: (i) survival among all individuals as well as among social groups, (ii) long-term fitness of the population, (iii) age distribution, (iv) reproductive value, and (v) life expectancy. A retrospective life table response experiment (LTRE) was performed to determine which life cycle transition contributed most to observed changes in long-term fitness of the population post-TTI. Elimination of clinical tetanus infections through mass inoculation improved the health and well-being of the monkeys. It also profoundly affected the population by increasing survivorship and long-term fitness, decreasing the differences in survival rates among social groups, shifting the population's age distribution towards older individuals, and increasing reproductive value and life expectancy. These findings are significant because they demonstrate the long-term effects of eradicating a major cause of mortality at a single point in time on survival, reproduction, and overall demography of a naturalistic population of primates. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Modernity/Coloniality and Eurocentric Education: Towards a Post-Occidental Self-Understanding of the Present

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Baker, Michael

2012-01-01

This article sketches a post-Occidental interpretation of the historical/conceptual relationships between modern western education and European civilizational identity formation. Modern western education will be interpreted as a modern/colonial institution that emerged along with the sixteenth-century responses to the questions provoked by the…

“Corte Transversal”: una mega escultura entre el río Mapocho y la autopista Costanera Norte en Santiago de Chile/ “Corte Transversal”: a mega sculpture between the Mapocho River and the Costanera Norte toll road in Santiago de Chile

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Revista de Urbanismo, Departamento de Urbanismo de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile. (Reportaje de M.I.PavezR.- M.P.Henríquez.O

2008-12-01

Full Text Available “Corte Transversal”: una mega escultura entre el río Mapocho y la autopista Costanera Norte en Santiago de Chile/“Corte Transversal”: a mega sculpture between the Mapocho River and the Costanera Norte toll road in Santiago de Chile

Alquimia, Química y Filosofía Alquímica en la obra del extremeño Diego de Santiago

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Teixidó Gómez, Francisco

1998-06-01

Full Text Available In this work a study is made on the work Arte separatoria by Diego de Santiago, royal distiller at Felipe II court. The study proves his ability as an investigator and his thorough knowledge on the elaboration of materials and the remedies to heal diseases, undoubtedly under the influence of Paracelso. It is pointed out that De Santiago defends romance language versus latin in order to spread his achievements.

En este trabajo se hace un estudio sobre la obra Arte separatoria de Diego de Santiago, destilador real en la corte de Felipe II El estudio pone de manifiesto la actividad investigadora de Santiago, así como el conocimiento detallado que tiene sobre la elaboración de los materiales y los remedios para sanar las distintas enfermedades, sin duda bajo la influencia de Paracelso. Se hacer notar que De Santiago defiende la lengua vulgar, frente al latín, para difundir sus conocimientos.

23RD International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Volume 3

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1998-12-01

Chile Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile *LPMI, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128, France "**Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear, Casilla 188-D, Santiago...IV-94 1-190 Bragin V.E. IV-72 Chapelle J. 11-122 Damelincourt J.J. 111-16 Braginskiv O.V. 111-76 Chapput A. IV-142 111-24 Brasile J.P. 11-42 Charles C

Application of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method in Investigating Saltwater Intrusion of Santiago Island (Cape Verde)

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Gonçalves, Rui; Farzamian, Mohammad; Monteiro Santos, Fernando A.; Represas, Patrícia; Mota Gomes, A.; Lobo de Pina, A. F.; Almeida, Eugénio P.

2017-11-01

Santiago Island, the biggest and most populated island of the Cape Verde Republic, is characterised by limited surface waters and strong dependence on groundwater sources as the primary source of natural water supply for extensive agricultural activity and human use. However, as a consequence of the scarce precipitation and high evaporation as well as the intense overexploitation of the groundwater resources, the freshwater management is also in a delicate balance with saltwater at coastal areas. The time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method is used to locate the extent of saltwater intrusion in four important agricultural regions in Santiago Island; São Domingos, Santa Cruz, São Miguel, and Tarrafal. The application of this method in Santiago Island proves it to be a successful tool in imaging the fresh/saltwater interface location. Depths to the saline zones and extensions of saline water are mapped along eight TDEM profiles.

Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases of Pets, Santiago, Chile

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López, Javier; Abarca, Katia; Valenzuela, Berta; Lorca, Lilia; Olea, Andrea; Aguilera, Ximena

2009-01-01

Pet diseases may pose risks to human health but are rarely included in surveillance systems. A pilot surveillance system of pet infectious diseases in Santiago, Chile, found that 4 canine and 3 feline diseases accounted for 90.1% and 98.4% of notifications, respectively. Data also suggested association between poverty and pet diseases. PMID:19861073

Santiago de Chile, ¿ejemplo de una reestructuración capitalista global?

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Luis Fuentes

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Términos como "ciudad global", "ciudad difusa", "ciudad dual", entre otros, merecen ser rediscutidos y contrastados con el proceso de transformaciones experimentado por Santiago de Chile producto de la reestructuración capitalista. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende discutir acerca de la conveniencia de otorgar a la capital de Chile éstos y otros adjetivos frecuentemente utilizados en la literatura urbanística internacional.Terms like "global city", "diffuse city", "dual city", among others, deserve to be discussed and contrasted with urban processes that are been taking part in Santiago de Chile in the last decades. This article attempts to discuss the convenience of grant to Chile’s capital city these and others adjectives, commonly used in the urban literature

Los cabildos catedralicios de Santiago y Orense en el reinado de Felipe V: algunos resultados

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María SEIJAS MONTERO

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados del estudio realizado sobre los cabildos catedralicios de Santiago y Orense durante el reinado de Felipe V. El objetivo fundamental se centra en dar a conocer la estructuración del personal de las catedrales, es decir, el número y ocupaciones de los capitulares, su procedencia geográfica para el caso compostelano, las relaciones de parentesco y la interrelación de sus miembros con los gobiernos locales de Santiago y Orense.

Creating Three New Bike Tours in Santiago de Chile Case Study: Huaso Tours & Bike Rental

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Heino, Jenni

2015-01-01

The purpose of this Bachelor´s thesis was to create new bike tour services for the thesis case company Huaso Tours & Bike Rental, based in Santiago de Chile. The idea for the thesis was perceived from a free time activity of mountain biking in Santiago de Chile´s popular tourist attraction San Cristobal hill. This park draws thousands of bikers monthly to enjoy the green areas of the city, however, there is no mountain bike service offered to visit this hill. By conducting a small pre-researc...

Gestión de inventarios como factor de competitividad, en el sector metalmecánico de la región occidental de Venezuela

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Gabriel J. Aguilar O.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación que se presenta a continuación, tiene como objeto analizar la gestión de inventario como factor de competitividad, en las empresas del Sector Metalmecánico de la Región Occidental de Venezuela. La metodología es de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, transeccional. La población se compone de veinte (20 empresas del sector metalmecánico destinadas a la producción de máquinas herramientas, específicamente tornos y fresadoras, circunscritas a la región del occidente de Venezuela, tomándose para el estudio, la totalidad de las mismas. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis estadístico, permiten concluir que la gestión de inventario dentro de la industria metalmecánica de la Región Occidental de Venezuela, no constituye un factor de competitividad en las empresas del sector

Thermal and lighting perception in four fully glazed office buildings in Santiago, Chile

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Claudio Vásquez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Corresponding author: Claudio Vásquez, School of Architecture, Catholic University of Chile. 1916 El Comendador str. Providencia, Santiago, ZIP: 7530091, Chile. Tel.: +56 9 92826305; E-mail: clvasque@uc.cl This paper is part of a general research project whose main objective is to establish a baseline for post-occupancy energy consumption and indoor environmental quality for office buildings in Santiago, Chile. This study aims at understanding how architectonical variables relate to, and can even determine, user comfort perception. Thus, one-year continuous monitoring in several floors at four office buildings was performed and seasonal surveys were completed. Survey participants were asked a series of questions regarding spatial orientation and comfort perception in their workspace. The data from the comfort survey and onsite measurements such as season of the year, case study, type of workspace and possibility of an outdoor view from the workstation were contrasted with the components obtained by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA. Three components were selected from the PCA, and three Maps of Perception (MP were produced. These maps were then analyzed and interpreted so as to obtain information on the general perception of thermal and lighting comfort at workspaces within several office buildings in Santiago.

The Telephony in the City of Santiago of Cuba (1893 - 1959

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Maithe Sánchez-Garrido

2016-02-01

Full Text Available In spite of the substantial advantages which it specifically contributed the restoration of the telephone in Cuba and in the oriental locality, like an element of modernity that contributed to improve the form of life of the population, as well as the quality of mass media, the subject from its arrival to Santiago of Cuba is very little disclosed and/or not known, to grief that with the triumph of the Cuban Revolution considerably spread the use of the same one and some writings were published on the matter. The present research shows an analysis of the historical evolution of the telephony in the Island, but having like attention center the city of Santiago of Cuba. For it the antecedents of this phenomenon consider, the political, economic-social and cultural circumstances that influenced in their evolution and development, as well as their within the framework local incidence.

Source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 in Santiago, Chile: 1999 and 2004 results.

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Jorquera, Héctor; Barraza, Francisco

2012-10-01

A receptor model analysis has been applied to ambient PM(2.5) measurements taken at Santiago, Chile (33.5°S, 70.7°W) in 2004 (117 samples) and in 1999 (95 samples) on a receptor site on the eastern side of the city. For both campaigns, six sources have been identified at Santiago and their contributions in 1999/2004 are: motor vehicles: 28 ± 2.5/31.2 ± 3.4%, wood burning: 24.8 ± 2.3/28.9 ± 3.3%, sulfates: 18.8 ± 1.7/16.2 ± 2.5%, marine aerosol: 13 ± 2.1/9.9 ± 1.5%, copper smelters: 11.5 ± 1.4/9.7 ± 3.3% and soil dust: 3.9 ± 1.5/4.0 ± 2.4%. Hence relative contributions are statistically the same but the absolute contributions have been reduced because ambient PM(2.5) has decreased from 34.2 to 25.1 μg/m(3) between 1999 and 2004 at Santiago. Similarity of results for both data sets - analyzed with different techniques at different laboratory facilities - shows that the analysis performed here is robust. Source identification was carried out by inspection of key species in source profiles, seasonality of source contributions, comparison with published source profiles and by looking at wind trajectories computed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) from USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); for the wood burning sources the MODIS burned area daily product was used to confirm wildfire events along the year. Using this combined methodology we have shown conclusively that: a) marine air masses do reach Santiago's basin in significant amounts but combined with anthropogenic sources; b) all copper smelters surrounding Santiago - and perhaps coal-fired power plants as well - contribute to ambient PM(2.5); c) wood burning is the second largest source, coming from residential wood burning in fall and winter and from regional wildfires in spring and summer. The results of the present analysis can be used to improve emission inventories, air quality forecasting systems and cost-benefit analyses at local

La Historia: ¿concepto y herramienta metodológica universal o prejuicio teórico occidental?

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Maximiliano E. Korstanje

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El siguiente ensayo intenta resaltar el pensamiento de dos grandes investigadores y antropólogos del siglo XX, sobre la historia y el tiempo como formas analíticas, y discursivas propias de las Ciencias Sociales; Clifford Geertz y Eric Wolf continúan deslumbrándonos con sus reflexiones y consecuentemente, nos introducen, en un dilema de difícil solución ¿es la historia un concepto universal o sólo un prejuicio occidental?________________________ABSTRACT:The following essay tries to focus about the thesis of two great thinkers who written amid the XX century. The point is to know the relation between the History and Time as analytic and discursive issues along with Social Sciences; Clifford Geertz and Eric Wolf still go in dazzling with their reflections, and consequently they place upon the table a slippery matter. ¿Is the history an universal concept or just a mere occidental prejudice?  

Immigration, Galician and Santiago de Cuba: a Vision from the Notarial Protocols (1850-1898

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Mónica García-Salgado

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The present research intends to approach the topic of the Galician presence in the jurisdiction of Santiago de Cuba, declared as such from the year 1847. It includes a balance on the factors of attraction and repulsion that facilitate the Galician immigrant's establishment in Cuba and Santiago de Cuba in the period 1850-1898, as well as characteristic some of their main ones. The study has been carried out starting from the information that offers the Notarial Protocols among those that Manuel Caminero´s Clerkships, Heraclio García, José Knot, the Real one Public of Government and of Guerra, and those of Caney and Copper.

Canadian Occidental joins Hunt as Yemen oil producer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurney, J.

1994-01-01

On 23 September 1993, the Canadian Occidental Petroleum Company initiated the export of 120,000 b/d (barrels a day) of low sulphur, medium gravity crude oil from its Masila Block concession in Yemen. The oil is transported from Masila via a pipeline built by CanOxy and its partners to a new terminal at Ash Shihr, near Mukalla, in the Gulf of Aden. CanOxy is the third operator oil company to produce oil commercially in Yemen. The first, the Hunt Oil Company, began production in December 1987 and its output now totals about 187,000 b/d. The second, Nimir Petroleum, a Saudi venture which took over the facilities developed in the 1980s by two Soviet companies, is currently producing about 10,000 b/d and expects to increase its output to 25,000 b/d during this year. (Author)

Santiago, una ciudad con temor

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Enrique Oviedo S.

1999-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es evaluar los efectos de la inseguridad ciudadana en el uso del espacio público. Dicha evaluación exige analizar dos relaciones que se establecen en el ámbito de la violencia: la relación entre victimización y percepción de inseguridad; y la que se establece entre actitudes sociales y resolución pacífica de conflictos nacionales. Para ello, se analizaron las variables victimización, percepción de inseguridad, uso del espacio físico, actitudes hacia el sistema institucional político y social y hacia la resolución de conflictos nacionales, y las posibles relaciones entre ellas. Los datos para realizar el estudio se obtuvieron por medio de una encuesta que se llevó a cabo con 1 200 personas de 18 y 70 años de edad residentes en la ciudad de Santiago. Los resultados indican que Santiago es una ciudad de habitantes con temor y que el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad de sus habitantes contrasta con el hecho de que las tasas de victimización se hayan mantenido, más o menos, constantes en los años que precedieron a la encuesta. El temor se relaciona con el abandono del espacio público físico y sociopolítico, así como con el refugio en los espacios y la vida privados. La actitud de resolver los conflictos por medios no pacíficos es frecuente y se asocia en mayor medida con la inseguridad, la actitud negativa hacia la democracia y la falta de expectativas sobre el futuro del país. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la idea de que para superar el temor la gente tiende a adaptarse a la realidad adoptando una postura conformista, homogeneizando las creencias y los comportamientos, y sobreestimando la fuerza como medio para resolver las diferencias.

Santiago, una ciudad con temor

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Oviedo S. Enrique

1999-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es evaluar los efectos de la inseguridad ciudadana en el uso del espacio público. Dicha evaluación exige analizar dos relaciones que se establecen en el ámbito de la violencia: la relación entre victimización y percepción de inseguridad; y la que se establece entre actitudes sociales y resolución pacífica de conflictos nacionales. Para ello, se analizaron las variables victimización, percepción de inseguridad, uso del espacio físico, actitudes hacia el sistema institucional político y social y hacia la resolución de conflictos nacionales, y las posibles relaciones entre ellas. Los datos para realizar el estudio se obtuvieron por medio de una encuesta que se llevó a cabo con 1 200 personas de 18 y 70 años de edad residentes en la ciudad de Santiago. Los resultados indican que Santiago es una ciudad de habitantes con temor y que el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad de sus habitantes contrasta con el hecho de que las tasas de victimización se hayan mantenido, más o menos, constantes en los años que precedieron a la encuesta. El temor se relaciona con el abandono del espacio público físico y sociopolítico, así como con el refugio en los espacios y la vida privados. La actitud de resolver los conflictos por medios no pacíficos es frecuente y se asocia en mayor medida con la inseguridad, la actitud negativa hacia la democracia y la falta de expectativas sobre el futuro del país. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la idea de que para superar el temor la gente tiende a adaptarse a la realidad adoptando una postura conformista, homogeneizando las creencias y los comportamientos, y sobreestimando la fuerza como medio para resolver las diferencias.

Lo que dicen del virus del Nilo Occidental (The Buzz-z-z on West Nile Virus)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2012-01-12

En este podcast para niños, los chicos de Kidtastics hablan sobre el virus del Nilo Occidental y cómo protegerse de él.  Created: 1/12/2012 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).   Date Released: 1/30/2012.

La Victoria de Pedro Aguirre Cerda: ideas para una renovación urbana sin gentrificación para Santiago./ La Victoria of Pedro Aguirre Cerda: ideas for an urban renewal without gentrification in Santiago.

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Ernesto López

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El modelo de renovación urbana en altura de Santiago, en expansión hacia áreas populares del pericentro, es una forma de acumulación de renta de suelo, con efectos de desplazamiento social, es decir, gentrificación. Sin embargo, el pericentro de Santiago es un espacio donde coexisten amplias necesidades y capacidades de densificación urbana sin desplazamiento. Tomando como caso de estudio el desarrollo urbano histórico y actual de la población La Victoria, en Pedro Aguirre Cerda (PAC, se plantea una investigación enfocada en dos perspectivas: histórica, definiendo este espacio desde la dialéctica entre movimientos sociales urbanos y producción espacial específica; y normativa, como una propuesta espacial que combina aspectos claves de mejoramiento barrial y densificación inclusiva y autosustentable. Se evidencia de esta forma la alta complejidad espacial del pericentro de Santiago de Chile, así como la existencia de alternativas de renovación residencial pericentral que sean social y políticamente inclusivas y de bajo impacto en términos de expulsión./ The model of high-rise urban renewal sprawls towards Santiago de Chile’s inner city. This model can be understood as a form of gentrification based on considerable accumulation of the rent gap, while its externalities generate social displacement and physical dilapidation. Notwithstanding, Santiago’s inner city is also a lived space where both needs and capacities of urban regeneration (without displacement coexist. Focusing on the case of La Victoria población, located in the southern municipality of Pedro Aguirre Cerda (PAC, this article seeks to address the following two topics: historically, the inner city responds to a dialectic of urban social movements and specific spatial production; normatively, as an ongoing research project shows, it is feasible to combine neighbourhood regeneration, urban density increase, and citizen participation. The article substantiates the

La gestion de las aguas subterraneas en el acuifero Mancha Occidental

OpenAIRE

Iglesias, Eva

2002-01-01

RESUMEN: En este artículo se aborda la problemática que plantea la recuperación del acuífero Mancha Occidental en el que existe una importante externalidad ambiental que se deriva de la relación entre las reservas de agua existentes en el acuífero y los humedales Tablas de Daimiel. Para ello, se desarrollan varios modelos de programación matemática que permiten evaluar distintos instrumentos de gestión para guiar la recuperación del acuífero a un estado sostenible. Los resultados obtenidos pe...

Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile Factors associated with life satisfaction in a cohort of older people in Santiago, Chile

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Álvaro Castillo-Carniglia

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre satisfacción vital con el nivel socioeconómico y el autorreporte del estado de salud en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago de Chile en los años 2005 y 2006. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó 2002 sujetos entre 65 y 67,9 años de edad, registrados en 20 centros de salud primaria del Gran Santiago, autovalentes, sin deterioro cognitivo, sospecha de cáncer ni enfermedad terminal. Se evaluó la satisfacción vital mediante la adaptación abreviada de una escala de satisfacción con la vida (de 0 a 11, además de los ingresos económicos, el nivel de educación, el apoyo social y autorreporte del estado de salud y la memoria. Se utilizó un modelo log-binomial para analizar la asociación entre las variables evaluadas y los extremos del puntaje de satisfacción vital (cuartil 4 frente a 1. Resultados: Se observó una asociación significativa (análisis bivariado y multivariado entre satisfacción vital e ingresos económicos en los hombres, y en ambos sexos con el apoyo social, el autorreporte de salud, la memoria y los diagnósticos de problemas articulares, diabetes e hipertensión. Conclusión: La situación económica, el apoyo social y el estado de salud se asocian de forma independiente con la satisfacción vital en los adultos mayores de Santiago. Se requieren nuevos estudios para evaluar la dirección temporal del efecto, así como las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en las políticas públicas de salud en esta población.Objective: To evaluate the association between life satisfaction and socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a cohort of older people in Santiago, Chile, in 2005 and 2006. Methods: We interviewed 2002 individuals aged 65 to 67.9 years registered in 20 primary care centers in the city of Santiago. Participants were living independently with no cognitive impairment, suspected cancer or terminal diseases. We assessed life satisfaction using an abbreviated

Encuentros entre la India y Occidente en el mundo antiguo

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María Teresa Román López

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Hay diversos testimonios sobre relaciones comerciales y culturales que, mucho antes de la caída de Babilonia y hasta el siglo vi de nuestra Era, tenían lugar entre el Próximo Oriente y Occidente, por un lado, y la India por otro. La expedición de Alejandro Magno en la India dio lugar no sólo a contactos militares, sino a debates filosófico-religiosos. Se halla una descripción casi completa de la flora en los autores griegos, y no es posible ignorar el arte grecobúdico que floreció después de la muerte de Alejandro en los reinos helénicos de la frontera. Está demostrado que misioneros budistas fueron enviados por el emperador Ashoka a Siria, Egipto, IVIacedonia, etc. En la época del Imperio romano las relaciones entre la India y el mundo occidental fueron muy frecuentes.There are several testimonies about comercial and cultural relationships that, after the falling of Babilonia and unta the VI century of our edge, were made between next Orient and Occident in one side, and India on the other side. The expedition of Alexander the Great to India made, note only military relations but philosophie and religious debates. It has been found a mostly complete description of the Flora on the greek authors, and it's not posible to ignore the grecobudie art that bloomed after Alexander death at the Helenio Kingdoms on the border. It's preved that budist missioners were send by the Ashoka emperor to Siria, Egipt, Macedonie, etc. On the Román Empire edge the relationships between India and the Occident worid were so frecuent.

La evaluación del proceso de descentralización en Santiago de Chile

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Carlos GUERRA RODRÍGUEZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Trás presentar el contexto creado por la Reforma Administrativa del Régimen Militar en Chile, se identifica la problemática que lleva a impulsar la Reforma Comunal de la provincia de Santiago. Se consideran objetivos, estrategias, localización, proceso, calendario y desarrollo de esta Reforma. Por último, se evalúa el alcance.ABSTRACT: After explaining the context created by the Administrative Reform of the Military Regime in Chile. The author identifies the problematic aspects which impulsed the communal reform in the Province of Santiago. In the article are considerated objectives, strategies, localizations, process, timing. and development of this reform. At the end. there is also an evaluation of its scope.

Recaída y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes con tuberculosis en Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008 Relapse and associated risk factors in patients with tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008

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Yanara Toledano Grave de Peralta

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 36 pacientes con recaídas por tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba desde el 2002 hasta el 2008, para caracterizarles según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. Se observó que las recaídas tuvieron una tendencia ascendente, fundamentalmente en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba, con preponderancia en el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60 años y más, las personas solteras y los que tenían nivel escolar primario y condiciones económicas regulares o malas. Se evidenció una inadmisible demora entre la fecha de inicio de los síntomas y la confirmación del diagnóstico, por lo que se recomendó mantener como prioridades la vigilancia y el control del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis en la comunidad, de manera que permita disminuir la prevalencia de recaída por esta enfermedad en el territorio.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 36 patients with relapses due to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province from 2002 to 2008, to characterize them according to some clinical and epidemiological variables. It was observed that relapses had an upward tendency, mainly in Santiago de Cuba municipality, with predominance in male sex, in the age group of 60 years and over, single people and those that had primary school level and middling or bad economic status. An inadmissible delay was evidenced between the date of beginning of the symptoms and the confirmation of the diagnosis, thus recommending to maintain as priorities the surveillance and control of the National Program of Tuberculosis in the community, so that it allows to reduce prevalence of relapses due to this condition in the territory.

El arzobispado de Don Gonzalo de Aguilar en Santiago de Compostela (1348-1351

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Sánchez Sánchez, Xosé M.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available In the middle of the 14th century the prelature of Santiago de Compostela is occupied by Don Gonzalo de Aguilar, archbishop transferred from Sigüenza and whose pontificate is extended between 1348 and 1351, when he is transferred to Toledo. He is a figure that remained until now in the complete darkness of the history of the Compostellan church, disappearing in fact, in many cases, of the historical considerations, that they avoided him or simply they did not have noticed of his figure, extending the bordering prelatures (Peter V and Gómez Manrique until eliminate his one. It responds to the completely absence of sources and mentions in the Compostellan archives; in order to palliate this fact, we resorted to the bibliography of other seats and, specially, to the sources of the Vatican Secret Archive, with whose aid we can form one first, new and relatively complete vision of its reign in Santiago.

A mediados del siglo XIV ocupa el arzobispado de Santiago de Compostela Don Gonzalo de Aguilar, prelado trasladado desde Sigüenza y cuyo pontificado se extiende entre los años 1348 y 1351, momento en que es promovido a Toledo. Se trata de una figura que permanecía hasta ahora en la completa penumbra de la historia de la iglesia compostelana, hasta el punto de haber desaparecido en muchos casos de las consideraciones históricas, que obviaban o simplemente desconocían su figura, extendiendo las prelaturas limítrofes, las de Pedro V y Gómez Manrique, hasta eliminar la suya. Ello responde a la completa falta de fuentes y menciones existente en los archivos compostelanos. Para paliar este hecho, recurrimos tanto a la bibliografía de otras sedes como, especialmente, a las fuentes del Archivo Secreto Vaticano, con cuya ayuda podemos configurar una primera, novedosa y relativamente completa visión de su gobierno en Santiago.

Susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti from Santiago Island, Cabo Verde, to insecticides.

Science.gov (United States)

Rocha, Hélio Daniel Ribeiro; Paiva, Marcelo Henrique Santos; Silva, Norma Machado; de Araújo, Ana Paula; Camacho, Denise Dos Reis da Rosa de Azevedo; Moura, Aires Januário Fernandes da; Gómez, Lara Ferrero; Ayres, Constância Flávia Junqueira; Santos, Maria Alice Varjal de Melo

2015-12-01

In 2009, Cabo Verde diagnosed the first dengue cases, with 21,137 cases reported and Aedes aegypti was identified as the vector. Since the outbreak, chemical insecticides and source reduction were used to control the mosquito population. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of A. aegypti populations from Santiago, Cabo Verde to insecticides and identify the mechanisms of resistance. Samples of A. aegypti eggs were obtained at two different time periods (2012 and 2014), using ovitraps in different locations in Santiago Island to establish the parental population. F1 larvae were exposed to different concentrations of insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti), diflubenzuron and temephos) to estimate the lethal concentrations (LC90) and calculate the respective rate of resistance (RR90). Semi-field tests using temephos-ABATE(®) were performed to evaluate the persistence of the product. Bottle tests using female mosquitoes were carried out to determine the susceptibility to the adulticides malathion, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed to investigate the presence of metabolic resistance mechanisms, associated with the enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), esterases and mixed-function oxidases (MFO) and to detect mutations or alterations in the sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase genes. A. aegypti mosquitoes from Santiago exhibited resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin (mortality<80%) and temephos (RR90=4.4) but susceptibility to malathion (mortality≥98%), Bti and diflubenzuron. The low level of resistance to temephos did not affect the effectiveness of Abate(®). The enzymatic analysis conducted in 2012 revealed slight changes in the activities of GST (25%), MFO (18%), α-esterase (19%) and β-esterase (17%), but no significant changes in 2014. Target site resistance mutations were not detected. Our results suggest that the A. aegypti population from Santiago is resistant to two major

Algunos factores epidemiológicos relacionados con la tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba (2005-2007 Some epidemiologic factors related to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province (2005-2007

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Ernestina del Campo Mulet

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para caracterizar a los 155 pacientes con tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba durante los años 2005-2007. Hubo un ligero incremento de la tasa de incidencia de la enfermedad en ese trienio, con predominio en los municipios de Santiago de Cuba, Palma Soriano y Julio Antonio Mella (en este último aumentó de forma significativa en el 2007. Se observó, de forma general, que los afectados tenían entre 2 y 3 factores de riesgo y la mayoría pertenecieron a los grupos etarios de más de 55 años. Primaron la tuberculosis pulmonar y la positividad del bacilo ácido-alcohol resistente. En la atención primaria se diagnosticó el mayor número de personas infectadas, las cuales tenían menos de 23 días de haber estado experimentando los síntomas. Hubo 5 pacientes que presentaron coinfección con el virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the 155 patients with tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province during the years 2005-2007. There was a slight increase of the incidence rate of the disease in that triennium, with prevalence in Santiago de Cuba, Palma Soriano and Julio Antonio Mella municipalities (in this last one it increased in a significant way in 2007. In general it was observed, that the affected ones had between 2 and 3 risk factors and most of them were in the age group of more than 55 years. The lung tuberculosis and the positivity of the acid-alcohol resistant bacillus prevailed. The highest number of infected people who had less than 23 days of experiencing the symptoms, was diagnosed in the primary care. There were 5 patients that presented co-infection with the acquired immunodeficiency virus.

Factors That Condition the Attitude Toward Living Related Kidney Donation Among Santiago of Cuba's Population.

Science.gov (United States)

Ríos, A; López-Navas, A I; Sánchez, Á; Martínez-Alarcón, L; Ayala, M A; Garrido, G; Sebastián, M J; Ramis, G; Hernández, A M; Ramírez, P; Parrilla, P

2018-03-01

Living kidney donation is currently the most important kidney donor source in Latin America, and it is necessary to further increase its rates. To analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation among the Santiago de Cuba's population and to determine the sociopersonal factors with which it is associated. The population over 15 years old residing in Santiago de Cuba, stratified by sex and age, was screened. The "PCID-LKD Ríos" attitude questionnaire toward living kidney donation was administered to a random selection of the people surveyed according to the stratification and the census data. The completion was anonymized and self-administered. Verbal consent was obtained. The study was completed by 445 people, of whom the 86% (n = 389) were in favor of living related kidney donation. This attitude is associated with the level of education (P donation (P = .006); attitude toward cadaveric organ donation (P donation (P = .001); religious beliefs (P = .001); and assessment of the risk of living kidney donation (P donation; (3) carrying out of prosocial activities; and (4) risk assessment of living donation. Living related donation is very well accepted among the Santiago de Cuba's population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EVALUACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS FÍSICOS, MICROBIOLÓGICOS Y SENSORIALES DE RADICCHIOS (CHICHORIUM INTYBUS L. VAR. FOLIOSUM) ENVASADOS MEDIANTE IV GAMA

OpenAIRE

Loyola López, Nelson; Calquín Correa, Paulina; Norambuena Aguayo, Rodolfo

2007-01-01

El presente trabajo evaluó el comportamiento del envasado de radicchio (Chichorium intybus L. var. foliosum), con el sistema de IV Gama. Esta hortaliza fue donada por la Empresa Vital Berry S.A. y los envases por la Empresa HYC. El ensayo se realizó en el Laboratorio de la Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó, y en el Centro de Estudios Postcosecha de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Los objetivos del ensayo fueron determinar la vida útil del radicchio al ser envasado en dos tipos de bols...

Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: Contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo A.; Alvarado, Sergio; Neary, Daniel G.; Valdes, Rodrigo; Valdes, Juan; Aguirre, Juan José; Mena, Marcelo; Pizarro, Roberto; Jofré, Paola; Vera, Mauricio; Olivares, Claudio

2014-01-01

Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of days, followed by extreme levels of air pollution. Current regulations focus mostly on PM10 and PM2.5, due to its strong influence on respiratory diseases. Though more than 50% of the ambient PM10s in Santiago is represented by soil particles, most of the efforts have been focused on the remaining 50%, i.e. particulate material originating from fossil and wood fuel combustion, among others. This document emphasizes the need for the creation of erosion/sediment control regulations in Chile, to decrease respiratory diseases on Chilean polluted cities. - We emphasize the urgent need to implement erosion and sediment control politics in Santiago, to decrease PM10 concentrations in the city's air, based on the US experience

Prevalence and correlates of physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Santiago, Chile Prevalencia e correlaciones de la lucha física entre adolescentes escolares en Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Emmanuel Rudatsikira

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: There is a growing interest in injury as a public health issue across the world. There is paucity of data on the prevalence and social correlates of non-fatal interpersonal violence in low- and middle-income income nations. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and associated factors for physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Santiago, Chile. METHOD: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Chilean Global School-Based Health Survey conducted in 2004 in Santiago. We aimed to assess the prevalence and social correlates of having been involved in a physical fight in the prior 12 months. RESULTS: Of the 2111 respondents, 40.7% (54.3% males and 26.6% females reported having been in a physical fight in the prior 12 months. Males were more likely to have been in a physical fight than females [OR = 3.89, 95% CI (3.11, 4.85]. Substance use (cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs and bullying victimization were positively associated with fighting [OR = 3.05, 95% CI (2.40, 3.87 for substance use, and OR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.32, 2.05 for bullying]. Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting [OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.50, 0.78]. CONCLUSION: We have estimated the prevalence of having engaged in a physical fight among in-school adolescents in Santiago, Chile. We have found that the prevalence is similar to what has been reported in diverse settings in Africa, Europe and North America.OBJETIVO: Existe un creciente interés en el daño como un asunto de salud pública a través del mundo. Hay escasez de datos en la prevalencia y correlaciones sociales de violencia interpersonal no fatal, en naciones con bajos y medianos ingresos. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y el factor asociado a lucha física entre estudiantes adolescentes en Santiago, Chile. MÉTODO: Hemos conducido un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Global Chilena de Salud Basada en Escuelas

Historia de la universalización del acceso al agua y alcantarillado en Santiago de Chile (1970-1995

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GÉRALDINE PFLIEGER

2008-12-01

Full Text Available ¿Cuáles son los factores que explican la universalización de las redes de agua y de saneamiento en Santiago de Chile? Analizaremos los papeles respectivos de las políticas de la vivienda y de las primeras reformas del servicio en la universalización del acceso al agua potable a lo largo de los ochenta. En una segunda fase, destacaremos las dificultades que trae para estas redes el crecimiento urbano del Gran Santiago en los ochenta, las que generan una segunda ola de reformas. Estudiaremos, finalmente, el diseño de la reforma reglamentaria y gerencial de 1989 y sus efectos en términos de accesibilidad espacial y social al servicio.What factors explain the growth of universal access to potable water and sewage networks in Santiago, Chile? We will analyse the respective roles of housing policies and the first wave of service reforms in achieving universal access to drinking water during the 1980s. The second part of the article focuses on the difficulties linked to urban growth in Gran Santiago that coincided with the expansion of water and sewer lines during the 1980s, eventually leading to a second wave of reforms. Finally, we shall examine the design of the 1989 regulatory and management reforms and their effects on service access as it varies by social group and geographic location.

Os fantasmas pornô de Santiago Nazarian e seus adolescentes bizarros

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Aileen El-Kadi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article analyses the book of short stories Pornofantasma (Record, 2011 by Santiago Nazarian. The focus of this analysis is the connections between the text and the genre of pornography and pop culture, as well as the way the author ques- tions centers and margins of power using the aforementioned genres.

EL DESARROLLO DE LA INDUSTRIA LIMPIA EN EL PARQUE INDUSTRIAL SANTIAGO TIANGUISTENCO

OpenAIRE

Verónica Miranda Rosales

2009-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la implementación de la industria limpia en el Parque Industrial Santiago Tianguistenco, para determinar en qué medida se ha logrado una certificación de la industria limpia en las empresas que se asientan en el parque.

Air pollution in Santiago (Chile) as a studied by nuclear and other techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toro, P.

1994-01-01

Santiago, the capital of Chile is becoming one of the most polluted cities in the world as regards its atmospheric environment. The present project aims at comparing the composition of airborne particulate matter collected in Santiago with other collected in a clear area and to optimize the analytical methodology, based on NAA, XRF and PIXE, for this type of samples. The possibility of using total reflection XRF (TRXRF) for quantitative determination of air particulate matter will be evaluated. Analysis of wet deposition by ion chromatography and TRXRF will also be performed. The feasibility of using biomonitors for environmental pollution purposes will also be studied. The project foresees the evaluation of the analytical data as regards its analytical quality and its statistical interpretation. The identification of emission sources will be attempted. (author). 7 refs, 1 fig., 3 tabs

Grit or Grace: Packing for the Camino de Santiago

OpenAIRE

Havard, Megan

2017-01-01

As the director of a new collegiate study-abroad program that will invite students to complete a segment of a Christian pilgrimage across northern Spain, the Camino de Santiago (Way of St. James), I am tasked with setting the expectations of students, parents and administrators, and with addressing the needs of student travellers. The present chapter analyses several genres of cultural artefacts that novice pilgrims, such as my students, are likely to encounter prior to departure: travel guid...

Lead isotopic characterization of respirable urban aerosols and related sources, Santiago-Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diaz, M; Kawashita, K; Antinao, J.L

2001-01-01

Santiago de Chile is located in a poorly ventilated valley at 33 o 30' latitude south at an altitude of 550m. Local climate is semi-arid with mean annual rainfall below 350mm. The atmospheric particles constitute one of the main factors of urban air pollution in the city. Morphological characterization of airborne particles of Santiago done by Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the presence of three groups of particles: crystalline. spherical and agglomerate particles. The crystalline shapes originated in geologic sources have perfectly defined crystallographic parameters. The agglomerated shapes are formed by organic material and submicrometrical mineral particles derived from combustion of fossil fuel and the spherical shapes are products of metallurgical activities. Some of them could been associated with the wear of motorcars. Samples of aerosols. sediments and leaded petrol of different distributors were collected. Aerosols were sampled in two sites of Santiago: the Movil monitoring station, at east of the city, and Parque O'Higgins monitoring station in downtown. These two monitoring stations belong to the MACAM network. Sediments of Mapocho, Maipo, San Francisco and Zanjon de la Aguada rivers and two samples from Disputada and Merceditas ores were studied. All the samples have been measured for their 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios. The experimental chemical procedures of sample dissolution and Pb separation by anion exchange chromatography were developed in the Sernageomin clean laboratory of Santiago de Chile. The isotopic measurements were made using a VG-Sector isotope ratio mass spectrometer fitted with a thermal ion source, multi Faraday collector and Daly collector of the Isotopic Geology Laboratory in the Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The measurements were corrected using NBS 981 and 982 standards. Isotopic results plotted in a 208 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb diagram and in a 207 Pb/ 204 Pb versus

DEFORMACION CORTICAL Y PELIGRO SISMICO ASOCIADO A LA FALLA SAN RAMON EN EL FRENTE CORDILLERANO DE SANTIAGO, CHILE CENTRAL (33°S)

OpenAIRE

RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES; RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES

2011-01-01

1) El orógeno Andino es fundamentalmente bi-vergente, incluyendo un gran sistema de fallas inversas cabalgantes en el frente occidental chileno, que son sintéticas con respecto al acoplamiento tectónico causante de la orogenia Andina (subducción de la placa Nazca, oceánica, bajo la placa Sudamericana, continental); 2) El funcionamiento del Cabalgamiento Andino Occidental (West Andean Thrust, WAT), documentado por la estructura con vergencia oeste de la Cordillera Principal en Chile, tiene ...

Study on the electrical impact of the additional eolic production integration on the networks of Cabo Verde Republic - the Santiago case; Estudos de impacto electrico da integracao de producao eolica adicional nas redes electricas da Republica de Cabo Verde - Caso de Santiago

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, J.A. Pecas [Universidade do Porto (Portugal). Faculdade de Engenharia. E-mail: jpl@riff.fe.up.pt; Vasconcelos, Helena [Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), Porto (Portugal). E-mail: hvasconcelos@inescn.pt; Santos, Ruy Lopes dos; Fonseca, Joao D. [Empresa de Electricidade e Agua (ELECTRA). S.A.R.L., Sao Vicente (Cabo Verde). E-mail: dg-electra@mail.cvtelecom.cv

1999-07-01

This paper describes the methodology adopted for the studies on stationary and dynamic behaviour for evaluation the impact on the S. Vicente, Santiago and Sal islands networks resulting from the increasing of the eolic production capacity, considering a scenery corresponding to the year of 1998. The increasing influenced the expansion of the eolic parks being explored since the year 1994. The describe case study refers to the Santiago island, and the results obtained for this particular network are presented.

Lista anotada y clave para las ranas (género Eleutherodactylus chocoanas del Valle del Cauca, y apuntes sobre las especies de la Cordillera Occidental adyacente

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Lynch John Douglas

1999-11-01

Full Text Available Twenty-three species of the genus Eleutherodactylus are reported fram 24 localities in the western lowlands of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, with notes on their identificacion and distributions. Up to 16 species have been taken from a single site. The cloud forest fauna of  Eleutherodactylus found on the Cordillera Occidental above the drainages of the Anchicayá, Cajambre, Calima, and Dagua rivers consists of 24 species with up to 18 species being found in a single site.Se da información sobre la identificación y las distribuciones de 23 especies del género Eleutherodactylus de 24 sitios de las tierras bajas del occidente del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Hasta 16 especies fueron registradas del mismo sitio. La fauna de Eleutherodactylus de los bosques nublados de la Cordillera Occidental en los drenajes de los ríos Anchicayá, Cajambre, Calima, y Dagua consta de 24 especies, con hasta 18 encontradas en un mismo sitio.

Jerarquía de valores en países de la Europa Occidental: una comparación transcultural

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MARÍA ROS

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Hemos usado la teoría transcultural de los valores humanos desarrollada por Schwartz (1992a para analizar y comparar la jeararquía de valores de diez países de Europa occidental con respecto a la importancia de los valores en un conjunto de países del resto del mundo. Hemos encontrado que el conjunto de naciones de Europa Occidental comparten un perfil único de valores que las distingue del resto de los países. Este perfil se caracteriza por la alta prioridad que atribuyen a los valores de compromiso igualitario, autonomía intelectual y armonía y por la baja prioridad que otorgan a los valores de jerarquía y conservación. Estos resultados son explicados acudiendo a algunos factores socio-estructurales, políticos y económicos, compartidos por estos países y que les diferencian de los demás.

Off-stream Pumped Storage Hydropower plant to increase renewable energy penetration in Santiago Island, Cape Verde

Science.gov (United States)

Barreira, Inês; Gueifão, Carlos; Ferreira de Jesus, J.

2017-04-01

In order to reduce the high dependence on imported fuels and to meet the ongoing growth of electricity demand, Cape Verde government set the goal to increase renewable energy penetration in Santiago Island until 2020. To help maximize renewable energy penetration, an off-stream Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) plant will be installed in Santiago, in one of the following locations: Chã Gonçalves, Mato Sancho and Ribeira dos Picos. This paper summarizes the studies carried out to find the optimal location and connection point of the PSH plant in Santiago’s electricity network. This goal was achieved by assessing the impact of the PSH plant, in each location, on power system stability. The simulation tool PSS/E of Siemens was used to study the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the future (2020) Santiago MV grid. Different scenarios of demand and renewable resources were created. Each hydro unit of the PSH plant was modeled as an adjustable speed reversible turbine employing a DFIM. The results show that Santiago’s grid with the PSH plant in Chã Gonçalves is the one that has the best performance.

[Reproductive health survey of young adults in greater Santiago].

Science.gov (United States)

Valenzuela, M S; Herold, J M; Morris, L; López, I M

1992-01-01

In 1988 a survey was carried out in order to obtain information on knowledge about reproduction, sexual activity, attitudes, and use of contraceptive methods among residents between 15 and 24 years of age in Greater Santiago. For this purpose, a multistage, self-weighted, non-replacement probability sample was chosen from the entire Santiago urban area. After 2,898 households were visited, 865 women and 800 men were selected and interviewed. For the interview, a questionnaire with 156 questions was developed; many questions were similar to those included in similar surveys in Brazil and Guatemala. The interviewers were professionals who had received prior training. Although 75% of the interviewees had attended sex education classes, they had erroneous ideas on various basic subjects. Sixty-nine percent of the women interviewed had undergone menarche before attending these classes. In addition, 35.4% of the women and 65.0% of the men had had sexual relations prior to marriage, and less than 20% had used any contraceptive method. More than 60% of the interviewees who had children had conceived them before marrying. These findings point up the necessity of offering sex education classes for children and young people, as well as facilitating their access to family planning services, in order to decrease the number of illegitimate and unwanted children that are born in Chile.

Promotional cultural poster: Major features of the sociocultural peak in Santiago de Cuba city, between 1970-1980

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Zoilo Rafael Fernández-Hernández

2016-09-01

Full Text Available During 70´s and 80´s of the last century, the promotional cultural poster in Santiago de Cuba gained a remarkable peak, due to historical and culturals conditions. Many important institutions were founded, that promote graphic design and sociocultural actions in the city, expressed in a lot of cultural events in that period. Nonetheless is impossible deny the education that acquired artists and designers, who with their creations increased the graphic arts movement in Santiago de Cuba, because they had a unique style. Because they had developed a unique style, apart of the Havana´s art movement.

USO DE BIOSÓLIDOS EN LA REHABILITACIÓN DE ÁREA EN EL RELLENO SANITARIO SANTIAGO PONIENTE-CHILE

OpenAIRE

Lucrecia Brutti; Valentina Vallejos

2012-01-01

Se evalúan distintas especies herbáceas como estabilizadoras de taludes sobre una mezcla de suelo con biosólidos en el Relleno Sanitario Santiago Poniente en Santiago, Región Metropolitana (Chile), con el fin de recuperar el suelo. Se determina el comportamiento de cuatro tratamientos, tres corresponden a diferentes mezclas herbáceas más uno que actuó como testigo, la mezcla de suelo utilizada contenía un 15% de biosólido. Se utilizó un diseño estadístico de Cuadrado Latino, con cuatro repeti...

Precisiones sobre un altar de la iglesia madrileña de las Comendadoras de Santiago

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Jesús Ángel Sánchez Rivera

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Analizamos el altar del Santísimo Sacramento que se localiza en la iglesia de las Comendadoras de Santiago (Madrid, en cuya realización participaron diversos artistas: el arquitecto José Fernández Piedra, el pintor Jacinto Gómez Pastor y, acaso, uno de los hermanos Michel (Roberto y Pedro, o algún escultor de su círculo.We analyse the altar of the Saint Sacrament that it`s located in the church of the Comendadoras of Santiago (Madrid, in whose realisation several artists participated: the architect José Fernández Piedra, the painter Jacinto Gómez Pastor and, maybe, one of the Michel brothers (Roberto and Pedro, or some sculptor of his circle.

La recuperación urbana y residencial del centro de Santiago: Nuevos habitantes, cambios socioespaciales significativos

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Yasna Contreras Gatica

2011-09-01

Full Text Available De forma paralela al proceso de expansión suburbana en las ciudades latinoamericanas y, en especial, en Santiago de Chile, se observa un movimiento residencial y espacial centrípeto, que pone en valor los atributos de localización de sus espacios centrales y que lleva a plantear la tesis del regreso a la ciudad consolidada. Dicho movimiento se inicia en los años noventa, cuando el municipio de Santiago lleva a cabo el Plan de Repoblamiento cuyos objetivos se orientaron a la generación de una oferta de vivienda nueva en zonas de deterioro y en barrios consolidados y bien conectados al resto del sistema metropolitano. A esto último, se sumaron obras de mejoramiento vial y urbano, el arribo de oferta cultural y comercial y, por sobre todo, la llegada de nuevos habitantes urbanos, específicamente jóvenes y adultos profesionales y técnicos que posicionaron y consolidaron al centro como uno de los espacios residenciales más dinámicos.Parallel to the process of suburban expansion in the Latin American cities and especially in Santiago of Chile a centrifugal residential and spatial movement is observed. This movement values the attributes of location of central spaces, thus raising the thesis of the return of the consolidated city. This movement begins in the nineties, when the municipality of Santiago carries out a Repopulation Plan that was oriented to the generation of a supply of new housing in of deteriorated zones and in consolidated and well connected districts. Works of road and urban improvement, the arrival of cultural and commercial supply and the arrival of new urban inhabitants --specifically young and adult professionals and technicians, who positioned and consolidated the downtown area as one of the more dynamic residential spaces-were added.

Ecological Factors and Adolescent Marijuana Use: Results of a Prospective Study in Santiago, Chile

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Jorge Delva

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Despite the growing evidence that ecological factors contribute to substance use, the relationship of ecological factors and illicit drugs such as marijuana use is not well understood, particularly among adolescents in Latin America. Guided by social disorganization and social stress theories, we prospectively examined the association of disaggregated neighborhood characteristics with marijuana use among adolescents in Santiago, Chile, and tested if these relationships varied by sex. Methods: Data for this study are from 725 community-dwelling adolescents participating in the Santiago Longitudinal Study, a study of substance using behaviors among urban adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Adolescents completed a two-hour interviewer administered questionnaire with questions about drug use and factors related to drug using behaviors. Results: As the neighborhood levels of drug availability at baseline increased, but not crime or noxious environment, adolescents had higher odds of occasions of marijuana use at follow up, approximately 2 years later (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16–1.66, even after controlling for the study’s covariates. No interactions by sex were significant. Discussion: The findings suggest that “poverty”, “crime”, and “drug problems” may not be synonyms and thus can be understood discretely. As Latin American countries re-examine their drug policies, especially those concerning decriminalizing marijuana use, the findings suggest that attempts to reduce adolescent marijuana use in disadvantaged neighborhoods may do best if efforts are concentrated on specific features of the “substance abuse environment”.

Discovery of a secular trend in Cayo Santiago macaque reproduction.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Pacheco, Raisa; Rawlins, Richard G; Kessler, Matthew J; Delgado, Diana L; Ruiz-Lambides, Angelina V; Sabat, Alberto M

2016-02-01

Reproductive synchrony and the consequent clustering of births are hypothesized to be regulated by seasonal changes in rainfall and food availability. Such climate-related seasonality is, however, questionable in tropical populations occupying temporally invariant habitats year round. Using the long-term data of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques from 1973 to 2013, this study distinguishes synchrony (a greater than chance clustering of births) from seasonality (a cluster of births during a period of the year when abiotic conditions are favorable) and shows that females are highly synchronized (>72% of births in a 3-month period) but the effects of environmental zeitgebers on reproduction are overridden by biological factors. Specifically, biotic and abiotic factors including (i) loss of immature offspring; (ii) population density; (iii) age at delivery; (iv) rainfall; and (v) changes in colony management were modeled in relation to the annual onset of births and the median birth date. Females experiencing loss of immature offspring had an interbirth interval of trend in both the onset of births and the median date of birth is documented and the model predicts that the median birth date will advance across all calendar-based seasons by 2050. The secular trend in reproduction appears to be triggered by changes in the age at delivery of females, the absence of physiological constraints from maternal investment due to offspring loss, shorter interbirth interval, and a higher degree of coordination due to increasing population density. This study challenges the reproductive phenology previously described for rhesus macaques highlighting the importance of long-term studies in addressing the ultimate causes of reproductive synchrony. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción

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Luz Ángela Silva Álvarez

2016-08-01

Full Text Available El libro Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción surge en el marco de la alianza entre dos grupos de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: el Grupo de Estudios sobre la Problemática Urbano-Regional en Colombia (Geourbe del Departamento de Geografía, sede Bogotá; y el de Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales de la Facultad de Arquitectura, sede Medellín. Posteriormente, la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile se sumó a la alianza con la organización del seminario Dinámicas Metropolitanas Colombia-Chile, diálogo entre Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción, en noviembre de 2012 en la ciudad de Santiago. Los trabajos allí presentados fueron la base para la edición y materialización de esta interesante obra que contiene diecisiete textos, en los que se examina el proceso de metropolización en cuatro ciudades de Colombia y Chile desde diferentes perspectivas, donde el término ‘metropolizaciones’, en plural, sugiere la riqueza de aportes y enfoques tanto teóricos como metodológicos, expuestos para estudiar las metrópolis en cuanto a sus particularidades, formas y dinámicas resultantes.

Vivienda social periurbana en Santiago de Chile: la exclusión a escala regional del trasurbanita de Santiago de Chile

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César Cáceres-Seguel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La localización periurbana de vivienda social en Santiago de Chile ha sido am-pliamente estudiada desde sus implicancias territoriales y políticas, sin embargo,poco sabemos del impacto de estas urbanizaciones en la calidad de vida delhabitante. Mediante entrevistas con residentes de proyectos localizados en Lampase sugiere el surgimiento detrasurbanitas, para ellos, el acceso a un bienestarbásico depende de habitar cotidianamente territorios fragmentados entre lavivienda periurbana y comunas centrales que albergan servicios urbanos elemen-tales. El subsidio de vivienda desencadena la exclusión a escala regional congrupos habitando bordes periurbanos carentes de transporte público eficiente yservicios básicos.

Industria y competitividad regional: elementos para una estrategia en el Occidente colombiano

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Jorge Lotero

1995-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este estudio es presentar algunos elementos para el diseño de una estrategia de competitividad de la industria manufacturera desde la perspectiva regional. Partiendo de un breve análisis de la industria en el caso de la región del occidente colombiano, se plantea que en el marco de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico e industrial, le compete a los entes regionales promover acciones para elevar la competitividad de las actividades económicas. Dichas acciones deben centrarse en la generación de externalidades que incrementan la productividad total de los factores en la industria.

Papeleros urbanos vs aseo del centro de Santiago de Chile.Impacto de las variables formales de los papeleros urbanos existentes en los paseos peatonales Ahumada y Huérfanos. /Waste containers vs. cleaning in downtown Santiago, Chile.

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Muñoz Peralta, Osvaldo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El diseño que presentan los papeleros urbanos de los paseos peatonales del centro de Santiago no facilita su uso adecuado, lo que contribuye a la suciedad de sus calles peatonales. Como elementos de mobiliario urbano en el espacio público, deberían tener un mejor diseño en orden a mejorar su función y facilitar su uso. /The urban trash cans design, on pedestrian walks in Santiago downtown, doesn't facilitate its appropriate use, what contributes to the dirt of its pedestrian streets. As part of urban furniture in public space, they should have a better design in order to improve their function and to facilitate their use.

[Sociodemographic and clinical characteristic of the population attended in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago].

Science.gov (United States)

García P, Daniela; San Martín P, Pamela

2015-01-01

The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population. To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012. The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012. A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases. As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs. Copyright © 2015. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.

Incidence rate and spatio-temporal clustering of type 1 diabetes in Santiago, Chile, from 1997 to 1998 Taxa de incidência e agrupamento espaço-temporal de diabetes tipo 1 em Santiago, Chile, de 1997 a 1998

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JL Santos

2001-02-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in the urban area of Santiago, Chile, from March 21, 1997 to March 20, 1998, and to assess the spatio-temporal clustering of cases during that period. METHODS: All sixty-one incident cases were located temporally (day of diagnosis and spatially (place of residence in the area of study. Knox's method was used to assess spatio-temporal clustering of incident cases. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 4.11 cases per 100,000 children aged less than 15 years per year (95% confidence interval: 3.06--5.14. The incidence rate seems to have increased since the last estimate of the incidence calculated for the years 1986--1992 in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Different combinations of space-time intervals have been evaluated to assess spatio-temporal clustering. The smallest p-value was found for the combination of critical distances of 750 meters and 60 days (uncorrected p-value = 0.048. CONCLUSIONS: Although these are preliminary results regarding space-time clustering in Santiago, exploratory analysis of the data method would suggest a possible aggregation of incident cases in space-time coordinates.OBJETIVO: Estimar a taxa de incidência de diabetes tipo 1 na área urbana de Santiago, Chile, entre os dias 21 de março de 1997 e 20 de março 1998, assim como a avaliação do agrupamento espaço-temporal dos casos incidentes no período. MÉTODOS: Foram localizados 61 casos incidentes no tempo (dia do diagnóstico e no espaço (lugar de residência na área do estudo. O método de Knox foi usado para avaliar o agrupamento dos casos no espaço e no tempo. RESULTADOS: A taxa de diabetes tipo 1 foi estimada em 4,11 casos por 100.000 menores de 15 anos por ano (Intervalo de confiança 95%: 3,06 -- 5,14. Essa taxa de incidência parece ter aumentado desde a última estimativa realizada na região metropolitana de Santiago, nos anos 1986-1992. Foram constru

Sistema de recolección y tratamiento de las aguas residuales de la ciudad de Santiago (Veraguas, Panamá)

OpenAIRE

Orozco Ramírez, Eva

2016-01-01

El objeto del proyecto es dotar al municipio de Santiago de Veraguas (Panamá) de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales que trate de manera efectiva los vertidos de la ciudad. Las obras previstas consisten en el diseño y construcción del sistema recolección y tratamiento de las aguas residuales en el distrito de Santiago y así mejorar la calidad del medio ambiente con vistas a un desarrollo sostenible. De esta manera se deben cumplir los requerimientos impuestos por las leyes ...

Influence of climate and land use on historical surface fires in pine-oak forests, Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Emily K. Heyerdahl; Ernesto Alvarado

2003-01-01

The rugged mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental, in north-central Mexico, support a mosaic of diverse ecosystems. Of these, the high-elevation, temperate pine-oak forests are ecologically significant for their extensiveness and biodiversity. They cover nearly half the land area in the states of Durango and Chihuahua (42%), and comprise a similar percentage of the...

Estudio del propoleos de Santiago del Estero, Argentina Estudo de própolis de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

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Lucrecia Lucía Chaillou

2004-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar las características físico-químicas del propóleos de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Las muestras se recolectaron de colmenas ubicadas en los departamentos Capital, Banda y Robles. Se determinaron: color, olor, sabor consistencia y aspecto. Las muestras por lo general, se presentaron en trozos irregulares con brillo, de estructura homogénea, consistencia dura. El color fue marrón oscuro, olor resinoso aromático y sabor picante. El porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas, cera y resinas se encuentran de valores normales. El índice de oxidación, las concentraciones de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides y la actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus permiten concluir que la calidad del propóleos de los departamentos estudiados es buena.O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a determinação das caracteristicas físico-químicas de própolis de Santiago del Estero. As amostras foram coletadas de departamentos Capital, Banda e Robles. A cor, o odor, o sabor, a consistência e a aparência externa foram analisados. As impurezas mecânicas, a cera, a resina, o índice da oxidação, os compostos fenólicos e os flavonóides foram testados. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada. As amostras foram apresentadas com estrutura homogênea, em parcelas irregulares brilhantes e a consistência era dura ou pouco macia na maioria dos casos. A cor era marrom-escura e o aroma resinoso aromático e o sabor picante. Porcentagem das impurezas, das ceras, da resina estavam entre valores normais. O índice de oxidação, as concentrações de compostos fenólicos e de flavonóides e a atividade antimicrobiana na Staphylococcus aureus permitam concluir que a qualidade dos própolis de departamentos Capital, Banda e Robles é boa.

Reflexiones sobre el silencio y el lenguaje a la luz de oriente y occidente

OpenAIRE

Román López, María Teresa

2012-01-01

Nuestra intención es apuntar hacia un marco de reflexión sobre el papel del silencio y el lenguaje a la luz del pensamiento de Oriente y Occidente. La «Comunidad del lenguaje» se interpone siempre entre nosotros y la «realidad», glosándola, desarrollando todo tipo de filigranas semánticas, filtrándola y modelándola a la medida de las necesidades de una humanidad desfondada y perdida en sus preguntas y respuestas. Nuestra experiencia del mundo y de nosotros mismos es...

I mostri dell’Occidente medievale: fonti e diffusione di razze umane mostruose, ibridi ed animali fantastici

OpenAIRE

Sebenico, Sara

2005-01-01

Nell'Occidente medievale i mostri sono ovunque: nei bestiari, nella letteratura di viaggio, nelle enciclopedie, nei romanzi, ma anche nei sermoni recitati in Chiesa. I mostri sono diffusissimi nell'arte, in particolare nel periodo romanico e gotico nella scultura religiosa e nella miniatura. I mostri nel Medioevo comprendono le razze umane mostruose, come cinocefali e acefali, gli animali fantastici come grifone, basilisco, unicorno e gli ibridi, ma c'erano anche ibridi vegetali, come l'anatr...

Alcance y límites del intercambio comercial entre la Unión Soviética y los países de Europa occidental entre 1980 y 1990

OpenAIRE

Claudio Quiroga, Gloria

1994-01-01

La tesis que se presenta pretende profundizar en las relaciones comerciales entre la URSS y europa occidental, con el propósito de conocer el alcance que tuvieron mas allá de las cifras estadísticas. Después de analizar el marco general del comercio exterior soviético, la tesis analiza los elementos comunes y diferenciadores de los intercambios con cada uno de los países de europa occidental, estableciendo determinadas tipologías. Por ultimo, se estudia el impacto que estas relaciones tuviero...

Formación de un enclave transnacional en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile

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Carolina Stefoni

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La llegada de inmigrantes a Chile ha transformado distintos lugares de Santiago, siendo un caso emblemático el sector de Plaza de Armas, centro histórico de la ciudad aquí analizado. Se sostiene que la concentración de actividades comerciales y prácticas cotidianas de los migrantes configuran un enclave transnacional. El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un modelo de análisis que permita reconocer, describir y comprender el carácter transnacional que puede adquirir un espacio como el que se encuentra en la ciudad de Santiago. Utilizando el caso de los cibercafés emplazados dentro del enclave, se analizarán las prácticas y relaciones sociales, así como las materialidades que circulan y se desarrollan de manera transfronteriza. El objetivo es analizar cómo estas tres dimensiones configuran un modo de habitar que logra construir el carácter transnacional que adquiere el enclave.

Cultural Identity and Citizenship in Poverty–Stricken Areas in Santiago, Chile

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Cristian Cabalin

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Based on a qualitative study in La Victoria, a shantytown in Santiago de Chile with a long history of urban mobilization that goes back to the 50's, this paper examines how cultural identities shape political representation and contribute to social exclusion. The results suggest that the origins of the shantytown left an important imprint on its residents delineating their cultural identity in ways that limit their political and social integration.

Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador

Science.gov (United States)

Bracco, Francesco; Cerna, Marco; Vita Finzi, Paola; Vidari, Giovanni

2016-01-01

This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses. PMID:28074189

Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador

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Jose Luis Ballesteros

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses.

Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador.

Science.gov (United States)

Ballesteros, Jose Luis; Bracco, Francesco; Cerna, Marco; Vita Finzi, Paola; Vidari, Giovanni

2016-01-01

This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses.

A five million year record of compositional variations in mantle sources to magmatism on Santiago, southern Cape Verde archipelago

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barker, Abigail K.; Holm, Paul Martin; Peate, David W.

2010-01-01

High-precision Pb isotope data and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data are presented together with major and trace element data for samples spanning the 4.6 Ma history of volcanism at Santiago, in the southern Cape Verde islands. Pb isotope data confirm the positive ¿8/4 signature of the southern islands...... indicating that the north-south compositional heterogeneity in the Cape Verde archipelago has persisted for at least 4.6 Ma. The Santiago volcanics show distinct compositional differences between the old, intermediate and young volcanics, and suggest greater involvement of an enriched mantle (EM1)-like...

Diffuse CO2 fluxes from Santiago and Congro volcanic lakes (São Miguel, Azores archipelago)

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, César; Cruz, José; Viveiros, Fátima; Branco, Rafael

2017-04-01

Diffuse CO2 degassing occurring in Santiago and Congro lakes, both located in depressions associated to maars from São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), was studied through detailed flux measurements. Four sampling campaigns were developed between 2013 and 2016 in each water body, split by the cold and wet seasons. São Miguel has an area of 744.6 km2, being the largest island of the archipelago. The geology of the island is dominated by three quiescent central volcanoes (Sete Cidades, Fogo and Furnas), linked by volcanic fissural zones (Picos and Congro Fissural Volcanic systems). The oldest volcanic systems of the island are located in its eastern part (Povoação-Nordeste). Santiago lake, with a surface area of 0.26 km2 and a depth of 30.5 m, is located inside a maar crater in the Sete Cidades volcano at an altitude of 355 m. The watershed of the lake has an area of 0.97 km2 and a surface flow estimated as 1.54x10 m3/a. A total of 1612 CO2 flux measurements using the accumulation chamber method were made at Santiago lake, 253 in the first campaign (November 2013), and 462, 475 and 422 in the three other campaigns, respectively, in April 2014, September 2016 and December 2016. The total CO2 flux estimated for this lake varies between 0.4 t d-1 and 0.59 t d-1, for the surveys performed, respectively, in November 2013 and September 2016; higher CO2 outputs of 1.57 and 5.87 t d-1 were calculated for the surveys carried out in April 2014 and December 2016. These higher CO2 emissions were associated with a period without water column stratification. Similarly to Santiago lake, Congro lake is located inside a maar, in the Congro Fissural Volcanic system, and has a surface area of 0.04 km2 with 18.5 m depth and a storage of about 2.4x105 m3/a. The lake, located at an altitude of 420 m, is fed by a watershed with an area of 0.33 km2 and a runoff estimated as about 8x104 m3/a. In Congro lake a total of 713 CO2 flux measurements were performed during four surveys from

Thermal and lighting perception in four fully glazed office buildings in Santiago, Chile

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Claudio Vásquez Záldivar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper is part of a general research project whose main objective is to establish a baseline for post-occupancy energy consumption and indoor environmental quality for office buildings in Santiago, Chile. This study aims at understanding how architectonical variables relate to, and can even determine, user comfort perception.  Thus, one-year continuous monitoring in several floors at four office buildings was performed and seasonal surveys were completed.  Survey participants were asked a series of questions regarding spatial orientation and comfort perception in their workspace.The data from the comfort survey and onsite measurements such as season of the year, case study, type of workspace and possibility of an outdoor view from the workstation were contrasted with the components obtained by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA. Three components were selected from the PCA, and three Maps of Perception (MP were produced. These maps were then analyzed and interpreted so as to obtain information on the general perception of thermal and lighting comfort at workspaces within several office buildings in Santiago.

El mestizaje creativo : Santiago Calatrava entre la arquitectura y la ingeniería

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Javier Hernando Carrasco

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El temprano reconocimiento internacional alcanzado por Santiago Calatrava es fruto tanto del interés y calidad de sus realizaciones como de su peculiar manera de abordarlas, pues en ellas compatibilizan recursos técnicos y formales arquitectónicos e ingenieriles. El resultado de este mestizaje se concreta en unos objetos en los que la condición tecnológica se conjuga con la formal. En el presente texto se repasan sintéticamente los materiales y los elementos del proyecto de los que se sirve y que hacen posibles tales resultados.The early International recognition reached by Santiago Calatrava is not only due to the quality and interest of his works, but also to his peculiar way to tackie them, because technical and formal architectural resources and engineering means are combined in his works. The result of this mixture is materialized in things where the technological nature matches the formal one. In this text we briefly revise the componets ofprojects and materials which are used by him to make this results possible.

Acerca de la codificación informática en una semiótica visual aplicada

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Alejandro Estrada Martínez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudio es una tesis presentada por un grupo de egresados del Area de Diseño Gráfico y Comunicación Visual del Departamento de Diseño, Sede Occidente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, en el año de 1973, para optar el título de Diseñador Gráfico. El estudio corresponde al campo del diseño visual y se refiere a la transmisión de información mediante un sistema de signos visuales no-verbales. Como muestra de estudio se tomó la corporación de la Universidad Católica de Chile, específicamente su Casa Central en Santiago, cuyo análisis permitirá detectar las necesidades comunicativo-informativas y, emitir un diagnóstico y elaborar un prototipo como solución de diseño.

Pilgrimage and Pilgrim Hierarchies in Vernacular Discourse: Comparative Notes from the Camino de Santiago and Glastonbury

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Tiina Sepp

2014-06-01

Full Text Available 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false This article is based on my fieldwork conducted in two important destinations in the spiritual landscape of European vernacular religion – the Camino de Santiago (pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain, and Glastonbury in southwest England. In this comparison between modern expressions of pilgrimage, I look into the power relationships that exist on the pilgrimage, describe how hierarchies of pilgrims are created and maintained, and reflect on the meaning of the words pilgrim and pilgrimage. The co-existence of the different belief systems of Christianity and New Age and the conflicts and tension between them will be explored. I will also examine discourse around competing male and female energies. 

Chemical characterization and source identification of airborne particular matter in Santiago, Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cortes, Eduardo

1997-01-01

A long term study on the behaviour and chemical characterization of airbone particulate matter (APM) in Santiago, Chile, has been undertaken. This study uses neutron activation analysis (NAA), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) Collection of APM in Santiago and a rural site was carried out using PM-10 Ghent Sample Collector. The analytical data was interptreted in two ways. On one hand, factor analysis applied to the data to detect elements with similar behaviour and probably of the same origin. On the other hand, the data obtained from the urban residential sites were compared to that of the rural station. Analytical quality control for NAA, XRF and AAS was based, mainly, in the exchange of samples among laboratories. For this purpose, a set of special samples were collected simultaneously To determine if the material on the membrane was distributed homogeneouly, a collimated x-ray beam was used to survey the distribution of the element Fe on the filter. A total of 18 elements were measured in the samples collected in the three mentioned stations. In addition, black carbon was measured using a smoke stain reflectometer. The fine fraction mass correlates quite well with black carbon. Lead and Br also correlates well and Al, Fe and Si also show similar behaviour. These last elements, which are attributed a natural origin, soil, show no large difference between the urban and rural sites. The elements As, Cu and S correlates quite well which could indicate a common origin. This is particular interesting since there might be a possible contribution of copper smelters located rather far (100 Km) from Santiago to the airbone particulate matter of the city. Factor analysis was performed with the data and the results of this study confirms the correlations mentioned above and clearly distinguish four factors. These factors can be attibuted to car and buses emissions, soil, biomass burning and, possible

Peces del Noroeste del Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Barriga, Ramiro

1994-01-01

La ictiofauna del occidente del Ecuador es poco conocida. Los peces del noroccidente son diferentes a los del suroccidente del Ecuador. 34 familias y 82 especies fueron colectadas que equivale al 11 % de las especies de peces continentales registradas en el Ecuador. Icteogeográficamente se sabe que la costa ecuatoriana posee dos provincias: la del Pacifico Norte y la del Guayas, se determinó que el límite de las dos provincias es el río Santiago ya que las especies del mencionado río so...

Principales características clinicoepidemiológicas de pacientes con fibrosis quística en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba Main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with cystic fibrosis in Santiago de Cuba province

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Kenia Guzmán Pileta

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal durante el 2008 para determinar las principales características clinicoepidemiológicas de los 34 pacientes con fibrosis quística en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, atendidos por el Grupo Provincial de esta especialidad. En la casuística primaron las siguientes variables: sexo masculino, piel amarilla, procedentes del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, bajo peso, con síntomas y diagnóstico de la enfermedad en la primera década de la vida e infección respiratoria; esta última como principal complicación. Entre los síntomas más frecuentes figuraron: tos, expectoración, dolor abdominal, apetito voraz, así como forma mixta según tipo de presentación, que fue además la causante del mayor número de ingresos; entre los resultados de otras pruebas predominaron, por citar algunos: disfunción ventilatoria obstructiva moderada, mutación genética DF 508 homocigótico, así como aislamiento de la Pseudomonas aeuruginosa en el esputo y estreptococo beta hemolítico en el exudado nasofaríngeo.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during 2008 in order to determine the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 34 patients with cystic fibrosis in Santiago de Cuba province assisted by the Provincial Group of this field. In the case material, the following variables: male sex, yellow skin, residents in Santiago de Cuba municipality, low weight, presenting symptoms and the diagnosis of a disease during the first decade of life and respiratory infection, the latter as main complication, were relevant. Among the symptoms, the most frequent were cough, expectoration, abdominal pain, voracious appetite, as well as the mixed form according to the occurrence type which also was the cause of the major number of admissions. Among the results of some other tests, just for quoting some examples, mild obstructive breathing malfunction, homozygotic DF 508 genetic mutation as well as

Dos nuevas especies de cangrejos de agua dulce (Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae de la Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental de Colombia

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Gabriel E Ramos-Tafur

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Se describen dos nuevas especies de cangrejos de agua dulce del género Hypolobocera de la Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. H. solimani n. sp. está estrechamente relacionada con H. alata Campos 1989, pero se puede distinguir de ésta por el margen superior del mero del tercer maxilípedo, el cual es liso; por la forma del ápice del primer gonópodo y la forma del lóbulo interno o papila del canal espermático, la cual es cóncava, levantada y termina bordeada por diminutas papilas o tubérculos redondeados. H. triangula n. sp. es muy similar a H. rotundilobata Rodríguez 1994, pero se diferencia de ésta por el tamaño y la forma del lóbulo lateral, una cresta basal de tubérculos y la superficie apical del gonópodo. Con estas dos nuevas descripciones se incrementa a 20 el número de miembros válidos del género Hypolobocera conocidos del occidente de Colombia o del Chocó biogeográfico.Two new species of fresh water crab (Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae from Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental, Colombia. Two new species of freshwater crabs of the genus Hypolobocera from Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental, Colombia, are described. Hypolobocera solimani n. sp. is closely related to H. alata Campos 1989, but can be distinguished from it by smooth upper margin of third maxilliped merus, the size and shape of apex of first gonopod, and the internal lobe or papilla of spermatic channel, which is concave, raised, with ends with minute papillae or rounded tubercles. Hypolobocera triangula n. sp. is very similar to H. rotundilobata Rodríguez 1994, but differs from it by the shape and size of the lateral lobe, an oblique basal ridge of tubercles and by the apex of first gonopod. With the two new species, the total number of valid members of the genus Hypolobocera known from western Colombia or biogeographic Chocó is 20. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (3: 1047-1056. Epub 2006 Sept. 29.

Santiago de Chile, ¿ejemplo de una reestructuración capitalista global?

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Luis Fuentes

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Términos como "ciudad global", "ciudad difusa", "ciudad dual", entre otros, merecen ser rediscutidos y contrastados con el proceso de transformaciones experimentado por Santiago de Chile producto de la reestructuración capitalista. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende discutir acerca de la conveniencia de otorgar a la capital de Chile éstos y otros adjetivos frecuentemente utilizados en la literatura urbanística internacional.

Breaking Resilient Patterns of Inequality in Santiago de Chile: Challenges to Navigate towards a More Sustainable City

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Ignacio C. Fernández

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Resilience can have desirable and undesirable consequences. Thus, resilience should not be viewed as a normative desirable goal, but as a descriptor of complex systems dynamics. From this perspective, we apply resilience thinking concepts to assess the dynamics of inequality, spatial segregation, and sustainability in Chile’s capital city of Santiago. Chile’s economy boosted since democracy was restored in 1990, but continuity of neoliberal reforms and transformations of Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1990 seem to have locked Chilean cities in resilient, albeit unsustainable, patterns of uneven development. Socio-economic data from Santiago shows highly resilient patterns of urban inequality and segregation from 1992 to 2009 despite democratic efforts, political agendas and discourses packed with calls for reducing poverty and inequality. We present a conceptual model based on the notion of stability landscapes to explore potential trade-offs between resilience and sustainable development. We mapped Santiago’s spatio-temporal inequality trends and explored if these patterns support an inequality-resilience stability landscape. Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of development assets across four human development dimensions (i.e., income, education, health, democracy revealed potential socio-political and spatial feedbacks supporting the resilience of inequality and segregation in Santiago. We argue that urban sustainability may require breaking this resilience, a process where bottom-up stressors such as social movements could play a key role.

Developing Strategies for Waste Reduction by Means of Tailored Interventions in Santiago De Cuba

Science.gov (United States)

Tobias, Robert; Brugger, Adrian; Mosler, Hans-Joachim

2009-01-01

This article introduces an approach to tailoring behavior-change campaigns to target populations using the example of solid waste reduction in Santiago de Cuba. Tailoring is performed in the following steps: (1) Psychological constructs are selected to detect problems in performing the target behavior, and data are gathered on these constructs.…

Technical project of a solar water heating system for Hostal FRATERNIDAD, Santiago de Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arzuaga Machado, Yusnel; Torres Ten, Alonso; Fonseca Fonseca, Susana; Fuetes lombá, Osmanys; Massipe Hernández, J. Raúl; Gonzalez, Wagner Roberto

2017-01-01

It is presented the technical project of a solar water heating system for Hostal FRATERNIDAD, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 20 Cabannas type tourism and a one of 2 square meter flat solar collector will be used, with a storage tank of 200 liters capacity, that is to say one system per cabin. (author)

Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lammertink, J.M.; Rojas-Tomé, J.A.; Casillas-Orona, F.M.; Otto, R.L.

1996-01-01

The pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range in NW Mexico, have recently been recognized as an area of high endemism and biodiversity. Selective logging threatens three bird species endemic to this habitat, who depend on standing dead trees (snags). This report is based on

[Women in labor and migration. The female labor market between 1950 and 1990 and migration of women to Santiago, Chile].

Science.gov (United States)

Szasz, I

1994-06-01

Changes in the volume of female migration to Santiago and in the employment patterns of migrant women are analyzed in relationship to changes in the female labor market from 1950 onward, with special emphasis on the years 1970-90. Data sources include published works, the censuses of 1952 to 1982, a 1962 survey on in-migration to Santiago, employment surveys conducted by the University of Chile and the National Institute of Statistics, special tabulations for subsamples of the 1970 and 1982 censuses, and household employment survey information from the fourth quarter of 1993. In 1973 Chile embarked on a process of structural adjustments that affected social expenditures and employment, profoundly modifying urban labor markets. The Chilean economy is currently in a phase of consolidating its productive transformation, with positive results for economic growth and recuperation of employment, but with no reduction of poverty. The explanation of the growth in poverty should be sought in modifications in the conditions of employment of the Chilean population during the productive transformation. Modernization processes such as increased education and access to fertility control contributed to an increase in the number of highly educated women in nonmanual occupations in Santiago, but have not significantly influenced the volume or direction of female migration or modified the disadvantageous occupational profile of migrant women. Gender considerations including cultural norms governing female sexual behavior and nuptiality appear to exercise a decisive influence on the occupational status of migrant women in Santiago. Low status, single women migrating to Santiago have been concentrated in domestic service in part because of their need to find work providing safe living quarters. After 1975, migrant women encountered an increasing proportion of urban women working and looking for work and a structural transformation of domestic service marked by massive absorption of

Informality wears uniform: Beauty salons’ workers in Santiago, Chile

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Rosario Palacios Ruiz de Gamboa

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines how flexible work economy has been affecting a group of beauty salons’ workers in Santiago, Chile. They do not have a work contract and receive their payment as if they were giving an independent service, but depend on the rules their bosses impose them. The kind of work described in the article appears to be a new arrangement within the context of urban informality, which has present and future implications regarding social security and uncertainty. Drawing on ethnographic observation in four beauty salons, I describe how the embodied belief of being an independent worker helps to enact many skills required by the flexible work economy.

Geochemical stratigraphy of submarine lavas (3-5 Ma) from the Flamengos Valley, Santiago, Cape Verde

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barker, Abigail K; Holm, Paul Martin; Peate, David W.

2009-01-01

New high-precision Pb-Sr-Nd isotope, major and trace element and mineral chemistry data are presented for the submarine stage of ocean island volcanism on Santiago, one of the southern islands of the Cape Verde archipelago. Pillow basalts and hyaloclastites in the Flamengos Valley are divided...

Two Views of Liberty, Occidental and Oriental(?

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Bruno Leoni

2009-02-01

Full Text Available This paper, by the late Bruno Leoni, was originally presented at a special meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society (Tokyo, Sept. 5–10, 1966, and was originally published in the Italian journal Il Politico in 1966. The paper displays Leoni’s fondness for Chinese culture, and is essentially a defense of the unity of mankind. Westerners are often of the belief that the Occidental, or Western, individual freedom-based view of liberty is distinct from the Oriental (Eastern view of liberty. Leoni challenges this perspective. Mill believed that disregard for custom was what made the West both free and different from the rest of the world, while the Oriental approach is more backward and based on blind respect for customs. However, custom has often been invoked both in the East and in the West to oppose and limit the power of tyrants, and to defend or to secure civil or political liberty. Mill argued that disregard of custom accounts for novelty, novelty for diversity of character and culture, and the latter for freedom and progress, but there was an unsurpassed diversity of character and culture when Oriental and Occidental people were put together under the rule of the Roman emperors. Furthermore, the “Orient” was not monotonous, dull, and homogeneous, as Mill presumed; to the contrary, Europe cannot show in any period of its history a variety of races, languages, cultures, philosophies and religions even slightly comparable to those of India or China. In fact, Buddha and Confucius were both concerned mainly with individual freedom. Confucius’s theory of society, in particular, was very individualistic; he clearly formulated for the first time in recorded history that principle of “reciprocity,” the “golden rule” for any liberal society. He maintained that the very fundamental principle for a happy society is “Not doing to others what one does not wish them do to one’s self.” Confucius shared, along with the greatest masters of

Staying in the Global City: Patterns of Luxury Hotel Localization in Santiago de Chile

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Rodrigo Hidalgo

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Chile, for a long time a backwater of international tourism, is about to turn itself into a top–end destination, with the capital Santiago taking a leading role. In recent decades, international chains have constructed numerous luxury hotels aimed at the requirements of international city and business tourists. The continuing bicentric orientation of the city (core city and ‘modern town’, which has withstood all fragmentation processes, has led to a polycentric distribution of luxury hotels, with the largest, most expensive and most luxurious hotels situated in the ‘modern town’. The airport, the innovation centers and business parks, as well as the city center, have also seen investment. When compared with models of hotel localization in cities, it is evident that Santiago has overcome the traditional model of city tourism under the influence of globalization trends. Today the needs of global travelers, both city and business tourists, transport links and the surroundings of the hotels play an important role. This is reflected in the pricing structure and the distribution of luxury hotels across the city.

Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972. Primer Premio. Galería fotográfica. / International competition: “Redevelopment area in down town Santiago – Chile” – U.I.A. 1972. First prize. Photo Gallery.

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Revista de Urbanismo (M.I.Pavez Co-Ed.

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Revista de Urbanismo presenta una compilación de imágenes referidas al Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972. Ella ha sido realizada a partir de los archivos profesionales del arquitecto Emilio Sessa (por su gentileza desde Argentina, y del arquitecto Juan Parrochia B., (en la Colección “Juan Parrochia Beguin”, Archivo Nacional de Chile, DIBAM. También se presenta imágenes en AUCA N° 24/25, Santiago de Chile, 1973; en SUMMA, N°57, Buenos Aires, Argentina, marzo de 1975, y finalmente, una fotografía aérea vertical en Google Earth, mayo de 2011. Otras fotografías de interés han sido realizadas por M.I. Pavez R. y Diego Vallejos O., en mayo de 2011. /Revista de Urbanismo presents a compilation of images referring to the International Competition "Redevelopment area in downtown Santiago de Chile" - UIA 1972. It compiles the architect's professional files of Emilio Sessa (by courtesy from Argentina, and Juan Parrochia B., (from the collection "Juan Parrochia Beguin", National Archives of Chile, DIBAM. It also presents images from AUCA No. 24/25, Santiago de Chile, 1973, and from SUMMA N°57, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 1975, and finally, a vertical aerial photography in Google Earth, May 2011. Other photos of interest have been carried out by M.I. Pavez R. and Diego Vallejos O., in May 2011.

The tectono-magmatic evolution of the occidental terrane and the Paraiba do Sul Klippe within the Neoproterozoic Ribeira orogenic Belt, Southeastern Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valladares, Claudia Sayao; Duarte, Beatriz Paschoal; Heilbron, Monica; Ragatky, Diana

2000-01-01

The occidental Terrane is envisaged as the eastern/southeastern reworked margin of the Sao Francisco/Rio de la Plata plate associated with and E-trending subduction under the Congo plate. The Paraiba do Sul Klippe is part of the Oriental Terrane, envisaged as a portion of the Congo plate. A collisional-stage resulted in intense westward deformation of the Occidental Terrane under intermediate pressure metamorphism (syn-D1+D2 events). A late-collisional stage resulted in subvertical folding and steep shear zones (D3 event). Both stages were associated with voluminous crustal-derived granites. U-Pb and Sm-Nd geochronology as well as geochemical and structural data point to three magmatic episodes: a syn-collisional stage 1; a syn-collisional stage 2; and a late-collisional stage. This paper presents a magmatic evolutionary model for this crustal segment of the Ribeira orogenic belt based on new geological data of Brasiliano granites and data available in the literature. (author)

Quality control to the service of diagnostic radiology in policlinics and hospitals of Santiago de Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grinnan Torres, Reinaldo; Parra Caboberde, Hector; Semanat Sanchez, Lino A.

2002-01-01

The work presents the results obtained in the Quality Control in diagnostic X-ray equipment accomplished in 33 clinics of Santiago de Cuba city. The performed test were, to the X-ray generator, X-ray tube, devices collimation and alignment, as well as to the light boxes, dark rooms, and radiographic screen-film combinations. Moreover the work presents the results of the Entrance Doses for a reference patient in radiographic projections of frequent use in clinics of Santiago de Cuba city (chest, lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis). For the evaluation of the verified technical parameters were used the tolerance criterions recommended by the Technical Guide elaborated by the State Control Centre of Medical of Cuba. In the case of the Entrance Dose were used the dose levels that recommended by the International Basic Safety Standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for safety of radiation sources

Impact of Santiago de Chile urban atmospheric pollution on anthropogenic trace elements enrichment in snow precipitation at Cerro Colorado, Central Andes

Science.gov (United States)

Cereceda-Balic, F.; Palomo-Marín, M. R.; Bernalte, E.; Vidal, V.; Christie, J.; Fadic, X.; Guevara, J. L.; Miro, C.; Pinilla Gil, E.

2012-02-01

Seasonal snow precipitation in the Andes mountain range is evaluated as an environmental indicator of the composition of atmospheric emissions in Santiago de Chile metropolitan area, by measuring a set of representative trace elements in snow samples by ICP-MS. Three late winter sampling campaigns (2003, 2008 and 2009) were conducted in three sampling areas around Cerro Colorado, a Central Andes mountain range sector NE of Santiago (36 km). Nevados de Chillán, a sector in The Andes located about 500 km south from the metropolitan area, was selected as a reference area. The experimental results at Cerro Colorado and Nevados de Chillán were compared with previously published data of fresh snow from remote and urban background sites. High snow concentrations of a range of anthropogenic marker elements were found at Cerro Colorado, probably derived from Santiago urban aerosol transport and deposition combined with the effect of mining and smelting activities in the area, whereas Nevados de Chillán levels roughly correspond to urban background areas. Enhanced concentrations in surface snow respect to deeper samples are discussed. Significant differences found between the 2003, 2008 and 2009 anthropogenic source markers profiles at Cerro Colorado sampling points were correlated with changes in emission sources at the city. The preliminary results obtained in this study, the first of this kind in the southern hemisphere, show promising use of snow precipitation in the Central Andes as a suitable matrix for receptor model studies aimed at identifying and quantifying pollution sources in Santiago de Chile.

Mercado metropolitano de trabajo y desigualdades sociales en el Gran Santiago: ¿Una ciudad dual?

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Carlos A. de Mattos

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Los cambios estructurales en los mercados metropolitanos de trabajo bajo los procesos de reestructuración-informacionalización-globalización, se han situado como un tema central para el estudio de la transformación de las ciudades durante las últimas décadas. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo analiza los impactos que los procesos de modernización capitalista en Chile han tenido sobre su mercado de trabajo y sobre la evolución de la distribución del ingreso, y sobre esta base, observa sus efectos sobre la estructuración socio-territorial del Gran Santiago, discutiendo especialmente la pertinencia de la tesis de la dualización para este caso particular. Para ello, en una primera parte se esbozan los rasgos fundamentales de esta tesis, se analizan los fundamentos con los que ha sido presentada y las causas que se le atribuyen. En la segunda parte se revisan las principales transformaciones producidas en esta fase de modernización capitalista en Chile, y la evolución de las desigualdades sociales y la segregación urbana en el Gran Santiago a la luz de las transformaciones producidas en su mercado de trabajo. En la tercera y última parte, se plantea la discusión sobre la aplicabilidad de la tesis de la dualización al caso chilenoStructural changes in metropolitan labour markets under the process of reestructutration-informationalization-globalization, had become a central issue for the study of the transformation of the cities during the last decades. According to this perspective, this article analizes the impacts that the capitalist modernization in Chile has had on their labor market and the evolution of income distribution, and upon this base, observes their effects on socio-territorial estructuration of the Great Santiago, specially discussing the pertinence of the dualization theory for this particular case. For that, main characteristics of this theory are drawn; at the same time, the basis with that has been

Santiago Ramón y Cajal and three-dimensional cinema.

Science.gov (United States)

Santarén, Juan Fernández

2015-01-01

In this article, I present and comment on two unpublished letters written by the Spanish engineer Carlos Mendizábal Brunet to Santiago Ramón y Cajal informing him of the development of a new device for three-dimensional cinema and asking for his approval. Fortunately, the answers given by Cajal to these two letters have also been preserved, and they reveal his interest in three-dimensional cinema; in the letters, he reported that he himself had designed a prototype capable of creating on a screen a feeling of 3-D relief, a subject about which he was always passionate.

Assessment of urban vulnerability towards floods using an indicator-based approach – a case study for Santiago de Chile

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A. Müller

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Regularly occurring flood events do have a history in Santiago de Chile, the capital city of Chile and study area for this research. The analysis of flood events, the resulting damage and its causes are crucial prerequisites for the development of risk prevention measures. The goal of this research is to empirically investigate the vulnerability towards floods in Santiago de Chile as one component of flood risk. The analysis and assessment of vulnerability is based on the application of a multi-scale (individual, household, municipal level set of indicators and the use of a broad range of data. The case-specific set of indicators developed in this study shows the relevant variables and their interrelations influencing the flood vulnerability in the study area. It provides a decision support tool for stakeholders and allows for monitoring and evaluating changes over time. The paper outlines how GIS, census, and remote sensing data as well as household surveys and expert interviews are used as an information base for the derivation of a vulnerability map for two municipalities located in the eastern part of Santiago de Chile. The generation of vulnerability maps representing the two different perspectives of local decision makers (experts and affected households is exemplified and discussed using the developed methodology.

Santiago de Cali

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Ana María Sanabria

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudia la prevalencia del tipo de acto delictivo en un grupo de jóvenes infractores de Leyes colombianas. Se estudiaron datos de la Policía Nacional, en la cual se encontraban reportados los jóvenes que presentaron conductas delictivas en el año 2003 en Santiago de Cali, dentro de las categorías tipo o descripción del acto delictivo, edad y sexo. La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por 3,677 jóvenes infractores, habitantes de diferentes comunas de la ciudad, con edades entre los 10 y los 17 años. La edad media de los jóvenes fue de 15,75 años. El acto delictivo más prevalente en ambos sexos fue el hurto, seguido del tráfico, fabricación o porte de estupefacientes en las mujeres; y, la fabricación, tráfico y porte de armas de fuego o municiones en los hombres. Siendo los últimos quienes, con mayor frecuencia manifiestan actos delictivos en comparación con las mujeres, observados con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de jóvenes entre 16 y 17 años. Los resultados muestran la importancia de variables biológicas y evolutivas, como la edad y el sexo, en la manifestación de este comportamiento; en consecuencia, la importancia de plantear programas de intervención diferenciados con perspectiva de género y edad que puedan generar un impacto relevante en esta población para la prevención y/o disminución de la delincuencia juvenil.

Sumario de la mineralización metalífera y su genesis en Galicia occidental (España)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ypma, P.J.M.

1967-01-01

The mineralizations of Fe, Cu, Li, Sn, W in W. Galicia are discussed. Sulphidic mineralization of Fe and Cu is exemplified by a description of the mine of Fornás (SE. of Santiago de Compostela). Field and laboratory data (including geothermometry of the phases of the Fe-Zn-S system) suggest that the

Propuesta de zonificación de uso del sector occidental del Parque Nacional Canaima. Estado Bolívar

OpenAIRE

Roberto J. Rivera Lombardi; Jorge L. Padrón; Otto Huber; Iván Linares

2006-01-01

En el presente trabajo se establece una propuesta de zonificación del sector occidental del Parque Nacional Canaima, adecuada a las potencialidades y limitaciones de los recursos naturales, los usos y actividades desarrolladas por la población residente, considerando la materia previamente reglamentada en la normativa ambiental venezolana; documento que pretende coadyuvar con el plan de ordenamiento y reglamento de uso del referido sector. Esta propuesta se realiza con or...

Endocarditis infecciosa: experiencia quirúrgica en el Cardiocentro de Santiago de Cuba Infectious endocarditis: surgical experience at the Cardiology Center of Santiago de Cuba

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Frank Josué Perdomo García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y transversal, de 104 pacientes intervenidos en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 1988 hasta diciembre del 2008, por presentar endocarditis infecciosa. Entre los hallazgos sobresalió el predominio del grupo etario de 15-45 años, del sexo masculino, de la cardiopatía reumática como factor predisponerte, de la forma de presentación séptico-infecciosa, de los estafilococos como gérmenes y de los hemocultivos negativos. La disfunción valvular fue la principal indicación quirúrgica, seguida de la insuficiencia cardíaca. La mortalidad representó 16,3 %, atribuible fundamentalmente al fallo multiorgánico por sepsis y al bajo gasto cardiaco. Los resultados de estas operaciones son buenos en la mencionada institución.A descriptive cross-sectional and epidemiological study was carried out in 104 patients operated due to infectious endocarditis at the Cardiology Center of the "Saturnino Lora "Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from January 1988 to December 2008. Among the findings was the prevalence of the 15-45 year-old patients, male sex, rheumatic heart disease as predisposing factor, and septic and infectious presentation, staphylococci as pathogens and negative blood cultures. Valve disease was the main surgical indication followed by heart failure. The mortality was 16,3 % attributable mainly to multiorgan failure due to sepsis and to the low cardiac output. The results of these interventions are favorable in that institution.

Walking Meditation: Being Present and Being Pilgrim on the Camino de Santiago

OpenAIRE

Alison T. Smith

2018-01-01

The Camino de Santiago has witnessed an unprecedented number of walkers in recent years. Traditionalists feel that the Camino is suffering from excess—too many visitors and too much strain on the infrastructure, accompanied by an ignorance of what it means to be an “authentic” pilgrim. Contemporary pilgrims often use ancillary services to transport their bags, approaching the Camino as an athletic event or a holiday excursion. For scholars and people of faith, these superficial attitudes to t...

Santiago de Cuba: between july 1955 and november 1956

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Manuel Pevida-Pupo

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the historical context of the city of Santiago de Cuba in the months prior to November 30, 1956, when the armed uprising took place in support of the landing of the Granma yacht expedition led by Fidel Castro Ruz; The material and human assurances made by the 26th of July Revolutionary Movement (MR-26-7 to provide all possible assistance to those arriving at the coast of the country; Among this action is the making of uniforms and the location of medical kits. It also emphasizes the role played by young teacher Frank País García at the front of the plan drawn up months before 

Virus del Nilo Occidental: Lo que debe saber - Agosto de 2012 (West Nile Virus: What You Need to Know Now - August 2012)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2012-08-21

Este podcast nombra los estados en donde se han notificado la mayoría de casos del virus del Nilo Occidental y explica la manera en que las personas se pueden proteger contra ese virus.  Created: 8/21/2012 by .   Date Released: 8/22/2012.

Nicolae Ceausescu and Santiago Carrillo. On the reform of proletarian internationalism

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Cezar Stanciu

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the close relations developed between the Romanian and Spanish Communist parties in the context of the Soviet-led intervention in Czechoslovakia. It explores the similarities and differences between the visions of Nicolae Ceaușescu and Santiago Carrillo on the reform of the world Communist movement and also the new meaning attributed by both to proletarian internationalism. Drawing on transcripts of their conversations in crucial political moments, the article reveals how Eastern and Western Communists found ways to work together in order to undermine Soviet control over world Communism.

Documentos arcebispais no Tombo H da catedral de Santiago: Gómez Manrique e Lopo de Mendoza

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Cabana Outeiro, Alexandra

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The cartulary H of Santiago de Compostela's Cathedral -register book compiled by notary Afonso Eanes Jacob-contains documents of the chapter of Compostela dated 1391 to 1409 and includes copies of earlier documents. In this paper, the edition of five documents issued by archbishops Gómez Manrique (1351-1362 and Lope de Mendoza (1399- 1445 and contained in this book is proposed. An introductory note is also included.

[gl] No Tombo H da Catedral de Santiago de Compostela, libro rexistro elaborado polo notario Afonso Eanes Jacob, recógese documentación do cabido compostelán entre os anos 1391 e 1409, incluíndo tamén traslados de documentos anteriores. Neste artigo faise unha edición de cinco documentos emitidos polos arcebispos Gómez Manrique (1351-1362 e Lope de Mendoza (1399-1445, que se insiren neste libro, achegándose tamén unha nota introductoria.

Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo A; Alvarado, Sergio; Neary, Daniel G; Valdes, Rodrigo; Valdes, Juan; Aguirre, Juan José; Mena, Marcelo; Pizarro, Roberto; Jofré, Paola; Vera, Mauricio; Olivares, Claudio

2014-04-01

Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of days, followed by extreme levels of air pollution. Current regulations focus mostly on PM10 and PM2.5, due to its strong influence on respiratory diseases. Though more than 50% of the ambient PM10s in Santiago is represented by soil particles, most of the efforts have been focused on the remaining 50%, i.e. particulate material originating from fossil and wood fuel combustion, among others. This document emphasizes the need for the creation of erosion/sediment control regulations in Chile, to decrease respiratory diseases on Chilean polluted cities. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Santiago de Chile de cara a la globalización: ?(spanishotra ciudad?

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Mattos Carlos A. de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho propõe-se a identificar e caracterizar a "outra cidade" resultante das transformações que afetaram a área metropolitana de Santiago do Chile em função da assunção, a partir de meados de 1975, de uma nova estratégia macroeconômica, onde tanto uma crescente liberalização econômica, como uma ampla abertura externa, favoreceram a progressiva globalização da economia nacional. Nesse contexto, observa-se como junto a importantes modificações na base econômica metropolitana começou a processar-se na grande Santiago uma radical reestruturação de seu mercado de trabalho e uma maior dispersão territorial das atividades produtivas e da população. Nesse novo cenário, analisa-se como as transformações que afetaram a cidade emergente incidiram na afirmação, de um lado, de uma morfologia social donde persiste a polarização social e a segregação residencial e, de outra, de uma morfologia territorial onde impera a periurbanização e a policentralidade, transformações essas que correspondem às tendências que atualmente se observam nas grandes áreas metropolitanas tanto dos países centrais como das economias emergentes.

Mujeres de Edipo y los avatares de lo femenino en la mentalidad de occidente

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María del Refugio Navarro-Hernández

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La crítica a la modernidad plantea una intervención a la centralidad misma del paradigma del sistema patriarcal, para develar la relación elíptica entre masculino-femenino como ontologías equidistantes entre sí, y enlazadas no solo como una complementariedad clásica, sino como la estructura de la simbolización de lo masculino desde el silencio de la madre. Se analiza, desde la construcción de lo simbólico de las estructu-ras del mito, hacia una explicación hermenéutica de las apreciaciones de las conductas más estandarizadas de las mujeres mexicanas, que pueden ser un modelo comprensivo de la interioridad femenina. Así se encuentra que la sexualidad materna y sus implicaciones en el Edipo nos ofrecen un cuestionamiento esencial a la cultura occidental y una nueva perspectiva para aprehender los avatares de la mentalidad. Una topolo-gía desmanteladora del proceso edípico y una tesis epistémica de la fe-minidad. Juego de desplazamientos y trampas de espejismos en las es-trategias de las relaciones, la trama de la red, la funcionalidad del siste-ma patriarcal y una exposición de relatos claves de la conformación del ente masculino de occidente, hasta convertirse en un ser integral (Edipo-Job que se define en la perversidad o monstruosidad de sus dominaciones y poderes, que lo hacen errar ciego y sostenido por Antígonas; estas herederas de todas las mujeres de Edipo, esfinges o pedazos que, de ideal en ideal, se adhieren a la persona de Edipo mientras vaga en las sombras, en el silencio de su amante y madre.

Evaluación ambiental del proceso de urbanización de las cuencas del piedemonte andino de Santiago de Chile

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Hugo Romero

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Las cuencas son complejos sistemas ambientales en que se desarrollan procesos geomorfológicos, hidrológicos, climáticos y ecológicos, que son impactados por la urbanización. En este trabajo se estudian seis cuencas del piedemonte andino de la ciudad de Santiago que se encuentran en diferentes fases del proceso de urbanización, variando entre Macul-San Ramón, en donde casi el 40% de su superficie ha sido incorporada a la ciudad, y Pirque, que mantiene aún sus características agrícolas y rurales. Empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se analiza el impacto de la urbanización sobre indicadores ambientales, tales como productividad vegetal, biomasa, humedad en el suelo y temperaturas superficiales de los territorios ocupados por las cuencas. Las Áreas Totales de Impermeabilización, los Coeficientes de Escorrentía y las Áreas Sensitivas Ambientales, permiten estimar el estado de las cuencas y su contribución a la salud ambiental de la ciudad de SantiagoWatersheds are complex environmental systems, where geomorphologic, hydrologic, climatic and ecological processes take place, and which are severely impacted by urbanisation. In this paper, six Santiago Andean piedmont watersheds have been researched, according with the degree of urbanisation that they reach, which varies between Macul-San Ramón, where about 40% of their land covers has been already urbanised, until Pirque, where agricultural and rural features are still dominants. Using geographical information systems, the impact of urbanization on several ecological indicators, such as vegetative productivity, biomass, soil moisture and surface temperature are analysed. Total Imperviousness Areas, Runoff Coefficients and Environmentally Sensitive Areas allow the estimation of the state of the watersheds ant their contribution to the environmental health of Santiago city

En torno a un informe académico sobre Emilio de Santiago Simón

OpenAIRE

Martínez Montávez, Pedro

2016-01-01

Estas líneas quieren ser solamente mi testimonio de recuerdo y mi homenaje personal a ese insán único y auténtico —descarado a veces, desvalido y entrañable siempre— que fue Emilio de Santiago Simón, amigo de honda huella y querido y admirado compañero

Anastylosis virtual de la puerta occidental del Castellum de Tamuda (Tetuan, Marruecos

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Javier Bermejo Meléndez

2011-04-01

Full Text Available En el siguiente trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos del análisis paramental realizado en la puerta occidental del castellum de Tamuda (Tetuán, Marruecos, en el desarrollo de la campaña de investigación y puesta en valor correspondiente a 2009. Dichos resultados han permitido establecer un análisis diacrónico sobre la evolución de esta puerta del campamento romano, en el cual se han podido establecer distintas fases constructivas desde los primeros momentos fundacionales hasta el último momento de uso. Ello ha permitido, gracias a los datos obtenidos tanto por medio de sondeos estratigráficos como del estudio arqueoarquitectónico de los paramentos, la reconstrucción virtual del conjunto a lo largo de sus diferentes fases, ofreciendo una imagen visual bastante fidedigna.

A typology of female sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Belmar, Julieta; Stuardo, Valeria; Folch, Cinta; Carvajal, Bielka; Clunes, Maria José; Montoliu, Alexandra; Casabona, Jordi

2018-04-01

In Chile, sex work takes place covertly in a variety of venues and locations. Formative research using time-location sampling methods is important in order to understand the nature of this diversity. This study used qualitative methods to develop a typology of female sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, using semi-structured interviews, focus groups and ethnographic fieldwork during visits to sex work venues. The study identified seven types of venue, which reflect the context and regulatory framework of the country and the structural vulnerabilities that affect female sex workers in Chile. These venues and locations include: cafés con piernas (coffee with legs); nightclubs, topless bars and cabarets; brothels; hotels; street and highway soliciting; massage parlours; and private residences. Formative research methods were helpful in identifying and characterising the venues and locations in which sex work occurred. Barriers to accessing and mapping specific locations were also identified. Recommendations for addressing these barriers include working with non-governmental organisations to map venues and initiate contact with the populations of interest. A comprehensive typology of sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, is an essential element for future time-location sampling and bio-behavioural research in the context of second-generation surveillance for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Chile.

Comparison of the tropical floras of the Sierra la Madera and the Sierra Madre Occidental, Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas R. Van Devender; Gertrudis Yanes-Arvayo; Ana Lilia Reina-Guerrero; Melissa Valenzuela-Yanez; Maria de la Paz Montanez-Armenta; Hugo Silva-Kurumiya

2013-01-01

The floras of the tropical vegetation in the Sky Island Sierra la Madera (SMA) near Moctezuma in northeastern Sonora (30°00’N 109°18’W) and the Yécora (YEC) area in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in eastern Sonora (28°25’N 109°15”W) were compared. The areas are 175 km apart. Tropical vegetation includes foothills thornscrub (FTS) in both areas and tropical deciduous...

DEFORMACION CORTICAL Y PELIGRO SÍSMICO ASOCIADO A LA FALLA SAN RAMON EN EL FRENTE CORDILLERANO DE SANTIAGO, CHILE CENTRAL (33ºS)

OpenAIRE

RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES

2011-01-01

Resultados presentados recientemente, que se incluyen en esta tesis (Armijo, R., R. Rauld, R. Thiele, G. Vargas, J. Campos, R. Lacassin, and E. Kausel (2010), The West Andean Thrust (WAT), the San Ramón Fault and the seismic hazard for Santiago (Chile), Tectonics, 29, TC2007, doi:10.1029/2008TC002427) modifican substancialmente paradigmas anteriores sobre la tectónica Andina y la Geología de la región de Santiago, sosteniendo que: 1) El orógeno Andino es fundamentalmente bi-vergente, in...

Male attitudes to family planning education in Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, M F

1977-01-01

Male attitudes toward family planning education were assessed through a study of 720 men in Santiago and 240 men in a nearby rural area of Chile. Interviews were conducted by male students at the University of Chile School of Public Health. A large majority of the men were using or planned to use contraception in the future. There was a near consensus that adults should be informed regarding family planning. More than a majority of the respondents favored provision of contraceptive information for unmarried women, but most did not approve of premarital sexual activity for females. Most respondents favored the teaching of sex education in schools "according to the age of the children." Younger and higher class males tended to hold the most liberal attitudes.

Especialización y concentración espacial de barrios comerciales: evidencias en base al caso de la comuna de Santiago./ Specialization and spatial concentration of commercial neighborhoods: evidence based on the Santiago central area case study

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Carlos Sandoval

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo es analizar y comprender las causas y dinámicas de la especialización de los barrios comerciales de la comuna de Santiago, asumiendo la pregunta: ¿Por qué y cómo, algunos barrios comerciales de la comuna de Santiago se especializan en la venta de ciertos bienes y/o servicios, concentrando su oferta con un patrón espacial definido, siendo que su localización podría presentarse diversificada sectorialmente y/o diseminada dentro de la ciudad? La investigación utiliza un conjunto de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para proponer una metodología de análisis de la actividad comercial, considerando su nivel de especialización y arreglo espacial, al mismo tiempo que se identifican un conjunto de barrios concentrados, los cuales que se presentan en dos formas específicas: de manera polarizada (caso de los barrios Brasil y Diez de Julio y como un sistema de barrios especializados (casos de los barrios de San Diego en sus segmentos de libros, bicicletas y de cueros y calzados. La principal contribución de la investigación, es la aplicación de una metodología de identificación de barrios que permite proponer un conjunto de causas posibles para explicar el origen de la especialización comercial al interior de la ciudad./ This article focuses on analyzing the Santiago district, in order to understanding the causes specialization of commercial neighborhoods and their dynamics, by addressing the following question: Why and how does commercial specialization occur in some neighborhoods of the Central Santiago district, concentrating their in a defined spatial pattern, instead of spreading through the urban fabric?Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to develop an in depth analysis of commercial activities, taking into consideration their specialization level and spatial arrangement. Through this study, a series of specialized commercial neighborhoods where identified and classified, revealing two specific

Comparison of preliminary herpetofaunas of the Sierras la Madera (Oposura) and Bacadehuachi with the mainland Sierra Madre Occidental in Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas R. Van Devender; Erik F. Enderson; Dale S. Turner; Roberto A. Villa; Stephen F. Hale; George M. Ferguson; Charles. Hedgcock

2013-01-01

Amphibians and reptiles were observed in the Sierra La Madera (59 species), an isolated Sky Island mountain range, and the Sierra Bacadéhuachi (30 species), the westernmost mountain range in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) range in east-central Sonora. These preliminary herpetofaunas were compared with the herpetofauna of the Yécora area in eastern Sonora in the main...

Menores quemados por el sol y su relación con la radiación ultravioleta y la cubierta de ozono, durante seis veranos (1996 a 2001) en Santiago de Chile (33,5°S)

OpenAIRE

Aranibar D, Ligia; Cabrera S, Sergio; Honeyman M, Juan

2003-01-01

During the recent 10 years the ozone layer has decreased while ultraviolet radiation has increased in Santiago, Chile. Aim: To determine whether the number of sunburns in children correlate with ultraviolet radiation in Santiago. Subjects and methods: During six Austral Summers (1996-2001) children below 15 years old, consulting for sunburn, were evaluated at the "Corporation for the Aid of Burned Children" (COANIQUEM) in Santiago (33.5°S). The number of children with sunburns during each Sum...

The energy situation in the Western region; Situacion energetica en el hemisferio occidental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weintraub, Sidney [Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) (United States)

2007-07-15

The Inter-American affairs have never been simple, in fact, they become even more complicated when the energy is the topic. Due to political and economic reasons as well as those provoked by the resources availability, the western countries seem to have the same differences among them. On the other hand, by means of an analysis of 11 nations, there can be found the challenges that American continent confronts with regard to the energy issue. [Spanish] Las relaciones interamericanas nunca han sido faciles. Menos aun cuando se trata de energia. Debido a razones tanto politicas y economicas como a las ocasionadas por la disponibilidad de recursos, los paises del hemisferio occidental parecen no poder reconciliar sus diferencias. Mediante el analisis de 11 naciones se aprecian los desafios que encara el continente americano en materia energetica.

El divorcio entre los instrumentos de planificación y la morfología urbana en el perímetro metropolitano de Santiago de Chile. El caso de Maipú. / The divorce between the instruments of planning and urban morphology in the metropolitan perimeter of Santiago de Chile. The case of Maipú.

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Mawromatis P., Constantino

2000-02-01

Full Text Available El espacio urbano resultante de la aplicación de los instrumentos de planificación comunal vigentes en Chile en el perímetro metropolitano de Santiago, carece de estructura y forma que evidencie una intencionalidad urbanística y arquitectónica./Chilean urban policies seem dramatically poor towards the physical environment which shapes a community. The public realm in suburban Santiago is a result of restrictive codes applied to private property. Spatial qualities, and morphological identity, are completely overlooked by urban laws.

Emilio Duhart: Seminario del Gran Santiago -1957. Precisiones del Proyecto Urbano

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Cristián Berríos Flores

2013-12-01

En el año 1957 se realiza en Chile el “Seminario del Gran Santiago”, donde se convoca a diversos especialistas para abordar ampliamente los problemas urbanos que se estaban suscitando en la capital. Entre los expositores se encuentra el arquitecto Emilio Duhart Harosteguy, quien realiza un detallado análisis y propuestas urbanas para Santiago. Se puede detectar a priori una directa influencia de los principios de la arquitectura moderna en su exposición, pero también una cierta autonomía intelectual al momento de proponer estructuras urbanas sobre el espacio público.

Contaminación del aire en Santiago: Estado actual y soluciones

OpenAIRE

Raúl O'Ryan; Luis Larraguibel

2000-01-01

En el presente trabajo se discute el problema de la contaminación atmosférica en Santiago y de los esfuerzos en marcha para su solución, representados formalmente por el Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación de la Región Metropolitana (PPDA). A modo de introducción se definen términos y conceptos utilizados en el PPDA, los cuales son de uso frecuente en el área de contaminación urbana. Posteriormente, se analizan el estado actual, la evolución y tendencias de los indicadores representativos d...

[Association between sunburn in children and ultraviolet radiation and ozone layer, during six summers (1996-2001) in Santiago, Chile (33,5 degrees S)].

Science.gov (United States)

Aranibar, Ligia; Cabrera, Sergio; Honeyman, Juan

2003-09-01

During the recent 10 years the ozone layer has decreased while ultraviolet radiation has increased in Santiago, Chile. To determine whether the number of sunburns in children correlate with ultraviolet radiation in Santiago. During six Austral Summers (1996-2001) children below 15 years old, consulting for sunburn, were evaluated at the "Corporation for the Aid of Burned Children" (COANIQUEM) in Santiago (33.5 degrees S). The number of children with sunburns during each Summer was compared with the corresponding UV-B radiation and the ozone thickness, to establish a probable relation between a geophysical change and its consequences in skin health. The ozone layer values were obtained from the NASA WEB-page and the ultraviolet radiation was measured with a four-channel medium resolution radiometer. In each Summer there was a predominance of sunburns among boys and among ages between 6 and 10 years. During the 96-97 Austral Summer, the highest number of children with sunburns (63) was diagnosed. That Summer also had the highest mean UV-305 nm radiation with an important amount of days with ozone Summer an inverse correlation between ozone and UV-305 nm radiation was detected. At the same time the maximal values of Erythemal Dose Rate (33 muWatt cm2), UV Index (13) and Erythemal Daily Dose (7.500 Joule m2) were observed. In Santiago, Summers with a higher number of days with low ozone protection seem to reappear every 3 years. Understanding the interaction of physical processes that control the ozone layer, may help to design better photo-protection programs for human health.

[Validation of the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in vulnerable users of health care services in Santiago, Chile].

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Oyanedel, Juan Carlos; Vargas, Salvador; Mella, Camila; Páez, Darío

2015-09-01

Personal well-being calculates quality of life in terms of the necessary conditions required to live well. To validate the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in a representative sample of vulnerable users of the public health system in Santiago, Chile. A probabilistic and multistage sample consisting of 400 individuals aged 44 ± 18 years (61% females) belonging to the lower income group of the National Health Fund (FONASA), residents of Gran Santiago was surveyed. Internal consistency and correlation between items and scale were examined. Structure was analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis. The seven-item PWI is a good indicator of subjective well-being in the population under study, considering internal consistency, factor loadings, relation with overall life satisfaction and goodness of fit. The indicators mostly associated with personal well-being are the socioeconomic level followed by relationships with the community, health conditions and achievements. The 7-item version of the PWI is suitable for application in vulnerable health service users.

Nutritional profile of schoolchildren from different socio-economic levels in Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Liberona, Yessica; Castillo, Oscar; Engler, Valerie; Villarroel, Luis; Rozowski, Jaime

2011-01-01

To assess the nutritional status, food intake and physical activity patterns in schoolchildren attending 5th and 6th grade in basic schools from different socio-economic levels in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Cross-sectional study in children 5th and 6th grade of eighteen basic schools in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Boys and girls aged 9-12 years from basic schools were evaluated in terms of physical capacity. An anthropometric evaluation was also performed which included weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Food intake was evaluated by a 24 h recall, socio-economic level by the ESOMAR method and physical activity by a questionnaire. Boys and girls aged 9-12 years (n 1732). The average prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40 %, with the highest prevalence in males and those from lower socio-economic level. A majority (64 %) of the children had a low level of physical activity. A higher intake of fat and protein and a higher intake of carbohydrate were found in the higher and lower socio-economic levels, respectively. Both males and females showed adequacy greater than 75 % in macronutrient intake except for fibre, with both groups showing a deficit in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and milk products according to Chilean recommendations. A high prevalence of malnutrition by excess was observed in both sexes and a better eating and physical activity pattern was seen in children from higher socio-economic level.

Uso de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en un hospital pediátrico de Santiago de Cuba Use of wide spectrum antimicrobials in a children hospital from Santiago de Cuba

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Erlis Mengana López

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 1 311 pacientes que recibieron antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en el Hospital Infantil Norte Docente "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2009, a fin de analizar el uso de estos medicamentos, para lo cual se revisaron las historias clínicas correspondientes y los controles del Departamento de Farmacia. En la casuística predominaron la ceftriaxona como medicamento más empleado (64,8 %, la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos como el servicio que más lo utilizó (41,7 %, la neumonía bacteriana como entidad clínica más común (42,0 % y la evolución favorable de los afectados (98,5 %.A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 1 311 patients who received wide spectrum antimicrobials in "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" Teaching Northern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to December, 2009, in order to analyze the use of these drugs. For this aim, the corresponding medical records and the controls of the Pharmacy Department were reviewed. Ceftriaxone as the most used medication (64.8 %, the Intensive Care Unit as the most used service (41.7 %, the bacterial pneumonia as the most common clinical entity (42.0 % and the favorable clinical course of those affected (98.5 % prevailed in the case material.

A decade of theory of mind research on Cayo Santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition.

Science.gov (United States)

Drayton, Lindsey A; Santos, Laurie R

2016-01-01

Over the past several decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how primates understand the behavior of others. One open question concerns whether nonhuman primates think about others' behavior in psychological terms, that is, whether they have a theory of mind. Over the last ten years, experiments conducted on the free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) living on Cayo Santiago have provided important insights into this question. In this review, we highlight what we think are some of the most exciting results of this body of work. Specifically we describe experiments suggesting that rhesus monkeys may understand some psychological states, such as what others see, hear, and know, but that they fail to demonstrate an understanding of others' beliefs. Thus, while some aspects of theory of mind may be shared between humans and other primates, others capacities are likely to be uniquely human. We also discuss some of the broader debates surrounding comparative theory of mind research, as well as what we think may be productive lines for future research with the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Application of 2 microbioassays for evaluating the pollution present in the Xochimilco and Lerma-Santiago basins.

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Pineda-Flores, G; Hernández, T; Cruz, M C; Gutiérrez-Castrejón, T

1999-01-01

Pollution due to urban-agricultural and urban-industrial activities, on the enzymatic activity of two microorganisms was evaluated. The zones under study are located in the Caltongo "embarcadero", in Xochimilco, D.F., and the basin of Lerma-Santiago river, State of Mexico. Nine and ten stations were established, respectively. Samples of water and sediment were taken, in order to determine their pH, salinity, organic matter, as well as the toxic effect produced on Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase activity and on Bacillus cereus hydrogenase activity. Fecal coliforms and anionic detergents were quantified on the water samples. A correlation analysis was applied to results of chemical variables and microbiotest performed. In Xochimilco were found six stations over 50% of inhibition of the enzymatic activities evaluated, in Lerma-Santiago were only four stations. The correlation coefficient found was between -0.95 and 0.53. In general, the zones under study showed a pollution degree and toxic effect moderate, as well as a minimum correlation between chemical variables and the response of microorganisms used as indicators.

El proyecto de estructuras en el Museo de las Peregrinaciones (Santiago de Compostela

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Estévez, J.

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The article describes the structural design of the Museum of Pilgrimage (Santiago de Compostela, projected by the renowned architect Manuel Gallego Jorreto. It is a rehabilitation work in a monumental environment, subjected to multiple external and internal constraints. Among others: open exhibition areas, spatial complexity, management of the natural light, limitations of transport and supply, preservation and stabilization of facades with different levels of degradation, and discovery of archaeological remains. Several steel solutions are described, capable of resolving noticeable spans with low weight. In all cases, these structures were built and transported in fractions for reassembly in the construction site.El artículo describe el diseño estructural del Museo de las Peregrinaciones (Santiago de Compostela, proyectado por el reconocido arquitecto Manuel Gallego Jorreto. Se trata de una obra de rehabilitación en un entorno monumental, sometida a múltiples condicionantes externos e internos. Entre otros: áreas expositivas diáfanas, complejidad espacial, gestión de la luz natural, limitaciones de transporte y suministro, preservación y estabilización de fachadas con diferentes niveles de degradación, y hallazgo de restos arqueológicos. Se describen las soluciones metálicas empleadas a fin de resolver luces importantes con reducido peso. En todos los casos, estas estructuras fueron fabricadas y transportadas en fracciones para su posterior ensamblaje en obra.

Production planning in the Combinado Lácteo Santiago

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Edith Carmen Fajardo-Alcolea

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A planning, programming and control of the production procedure is designed in this paper to consider all the technical and organizational aspects that are involved in planning, using the balance and normative method, and a variant of the General Algorithm for the Calculation of the Capacities. This procedure is supported by an innovative computer application designed to assist students, technicians and specialists in the planning stages. The procedure is applied in the company “Combinado Lácteo de Santiago de Cuba” to plan the production in 2016. As a result, an innovation of an organizational type is obtained that allows the Production Master Plan, disaggregated in the different time horizons, consider the real capacity of the plants. For its evaluation it was compared to the production plan prepared by the company and the actual production data of the first quarter of the year to determine the existing differences.

Una exposición del Arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela, José, Cardenal Martín de Herrera, origen de la Conditae a Christo, 8 diciembre 1990

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Sastre Santos, Eutimio

2002-06-01

Full Text Available The Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, José card. Martín de Herrera, exposes the card. Rampolla, Secretary of State, the difficulties of the goverment of the new feminine institutes of simple vows in his diocese, 1897. He request that the Holy See regulates theirs foundations and the juridical relationships among the diocesan ones and the general mothers. The Hoy See will give an answer to the whole Church with the Conditae a Christo in 1900. This paper rests on Vatican documentation and of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela.

El arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela, José card. Martín de Herrera expone al card. Rampolla, Secretario de Estado, las dificultades que encuentra en el gobierno de los nuevos institutos femeninos de votos simples, 1897. Pide una intervención de la Santa Sede que regule sus fundaciones y las relaciones jurídicas entre los diocesanos y la madre general. La respuesta de la Santa Sede será la Conditae a Christo en 1900. El trabajo estriba sobre documentación vaticana y del arzobispado de Santiago de Compostela.

La tectonique panafricaine du secteur d’Igherm : implication des dômes extensifs tardi a post-orogeniques (Anti-Atlas Occidental, Maroc

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Soulaimani, A.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available L’évolution tectonique tardi-orogénique panafricaine du secteur d’Igherm (Anti-Atlas occidental, Maroc se caractérise par l’exhumation des parties profondes paléoprotérozoïques à l’image des dômes extensifs. Elle est contrôlée par un détachement principal ductile de faible pendage et des détachements de fort pendage de type extensionnel qui succèdent à un raccourcissement régional de direction NW-SE. Le détachement principal subhorizontal, est souligné par des mylonites de faible degré métamorphique. Il sépare deux unités : l’unité inférieure (complexe métamorphique du Paléoprotérozoïque à comportement ductile et l’unité supérieure (Quartzites néoprotérozoïques du Supergroupe de l’Anti-Atlas à comportement fragile. Cette évolution coïncide avec la mise en place des bassins « supradétachement » du Supergroupe de Ouarzazate durant l’extension qui aurait débuté après le raccourcissement panafricain datés vers 650 Ma. L’évènement extensionnel peut être généralisé à tout l’Anti-Atlas occidental.La evolución tectónica tardi-orogénica panafricana del sector de Igherm (Anti-Atlas occidental, Marruecos se caracteriza por la exhumación de las partes profundas proterozoicas como domos extensivos. Está controlada por un despegue principal dúctil con poco buzamiento y despegues con alto buzamiento de tipo extensional que se sobreponen a un acortamiento regional de dirección NO-SE. El despegue principal subhorizontal viene marcado por milonitas con metamorfismo de grado bajo. Este accidente separa dos unidades : la unidad inferior (complejo metamórfico del Paleoproterozoico de comportamiento dúctil y la unidad superior (cuarcitas del neoproterozoico del Supergrupo del Anti-Atlas de comportamiento frágil. Esta evolución coincide con el origen de las cuencas de «supra-detachment» del Supergrupo de Ouarzazate durante la extensión que se habría producido después del acortamiento

Modelos, tendencias y cotidianidades en los inicios de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago de Chile.1843-1860.

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Alessandro Monteverde Sánchez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available En Chile durante el siglo XIX, se inició una reforma del sistema carcelario que buscó eliminar los Presidios Ambulantes y una serie vicios en las Cárceles Públicas y Casas Correccionales. Implementando así, un sistema penitenciario que intentó reproducir los tratamientos penitenciarios desarrollados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Europa. La élite criolla respaldo la reforma levantando un discurso político a través de recomendaciones y exposiciones, que se materializaron en la creación por ley de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago en 1843. En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de carácter histórico, respecto al primer periodo de discusiones y debates a nivel político a propósito de la reforma del sistema de prisiones en Chile y del tipo de tratamiento penitenciario adoptado luego de la construcción de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago. Dicho objeto, se logra a través de la utilización de una metodología heurística, revisión de fuentes de archivo documental y una relevante discusión bibliográfica, a propósito de la justificación política del castigo penitenciario, en tanto política nacional y reforma del individuo criminal, contrastándolo estos elementos con los registros del régimen interno de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago durante los años 1858 y 1860, bajo la administración del Superintendente Waldo Silva.

El discurso político de Santiago Carrillo durante la Transición. Aplicaciones metodológicas / The political discourse of Santiago Carrillo in the process of Democratic Transition. Methodological applications

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Antonio Pantoja Chaves

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Continuando con el análisis de los discursos de los líderes más importantes del proceso de Transición democrática en España, en esta entrega nos centramos en la trayectoria política de Santiago Carrillo y su liderazgo del comunismo en España. A diferencia del resto de los oradores analizados, su perfil no muestra ningún punto de inflexión que refuerce su discurso, más bien asiste a un declive continuo y progresivo, desde un discurso que equilibra dos posiciones contrarias ante un auditorio comprometido y agraciado por las palabras del orador, hasta presentar un perfil que reproduce el eclipse de la autoridad del líder comunista.Summary: Continuing with the analysis of the speeches of the most important leaders of the democratic transition process in Spain, in this installment we focus on the political trajectory of Santiago Carrillo and his leadership of communism in Spain. Unlike the rest of the speakers discussed, his profile shows no turning point to strengthen his speech, rather attends a continuous and progressive decline, from a speech that balances two opposing positions before an audience engaged and graced by the speaker's words, to present a profile that reproduces the eclipse of the communist leader's authority.

Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: Contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments

Science.gov (United States)

Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich; Sergio Alvarado; Daniel G. Neary; Rodrigo Valdes; Juan Valdes; Juan Jose Aguirre; Marcelo Mena; Roberto Pizarro; Paolo Jofre; Mauricio Vera; Claudio Olivares

2014-01-01

Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of...

Evaluación por competencias y estimación de potencial en las empresas eléctricas de occidente

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Mónica Peñaloza

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las competencias y estimación de potencial en las empresas eléctricas de occidente, tomando en cuenta las preferencias psicológicas, técnicas, operativas, administrativas y de seguridad. La muestra objeto de estudio fue de tipo censal, estuvo conformada por 50 supervisores. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva bajo la modalidad de campo. Se aplicó un instrumento dirigido a los supervisores de las empresas del sector eléctrico, para medir las variables competencias y estimación de potencial, con preguntas cerradas de cuatro alternativas: siempre, casi siempre, algunas veces y nunca. El instrumento fue sometido a un proceso de validez y confiabilidad de contenido y construcción interna. Se concluyó que existe la necesidad de aplicar un instrumento de evaluación y estimación de potencial que direccionen las competencias laborales del personal, arrojó un 89%, lo cual presentó la urgencia de diagnosticar y evaluar constantemente las nuevas demandas del entorno, no solo para el tiempo presente, sino para proyectar las acciones futuras. Se recomendó proponer un instrumento de evaluación de competencias y estimación de potencial, que debe ser sometido a consideración por las empresas eléctricas de occidente para su aplicación.

Bio-Inspired Design Approach Analysis: A Case Study of Antoni Gaudi and Santiago Calatrava

OpenAIRE

Marzieh Imani

2017-01-01

Antoni Gaudi and Santiago Calatrava have reputation for designing bio-inspired creative and technical buildings. Even though they have followed different independent approaches towards design, the source of bio-inspiration seems to be common. Taking a closer look at their projects reveals that Calatrava has been influenced by Gaudi in terms of interpreting nature and applying natural principles into the design process. This research firstly discusses the dialogue between Biomimicry and archit...

Living City: community mobilization to build active transport policies and programs in Santiago, Chile

OpenAIRE

L. Sagaris

2010-01-01

Although the usefulness of walking and cycling to promote health is increasingly recognized, the importance of civil society leadership in developing new policies and activities is often overlooked. This case study, of Living City (Ciudad Viva) a community-based organization in Santiago, Chile, examines how several communities used knowledge about transport’s impact on the environment and health, gained through opposition to a major highway project, to build effective sustainable urban transp...

Hepatic imaging in stage IV-S neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Franken, E.A. Jr.; Smith, W.L.; Iowa Univ., Iowa City; Cohen, M.D.; Kisker, C.T.; Platz, C.E.

1986-01-01

Stage IV-S neuroblastoma describes a group of infants with tumor spread limited to liver, skin, or bone marrow. Such patients, who constitute about 25% of affected infants with neuroblastoma, may expect spontaneous tumor remission. We report 18 infants with Stage IV-S neuroblastoma, 83% of whom had liver involvement. Imaging investigations included Technetium 99m sulfur colloid scan, ultrasound, and CT. Two patterns of liver metastasis were noted: ill-defined nodules or diffuse tumor throughout the liver. Distinction of normal and abnormal liver with diffuse type metastasis could be quite difficult, particularly with liver scans. We conclude that patients with Stage IV-S neuroblastoma have ultrasound or CT examination as an initial workup, with nuclear medicine scans reserved for followup studies. (orig.)

Farmers or rural workers? A current social characterization of rural families of Atamisqui Department, Santiago del Estero ¿Campesinos o asalariados rurales? Una caracterización social actual de las familias rurales del Departamento de Atamisqui, Santiago del Estero

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Agustina Desalvo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available It is often said that Santiago del Estero concentrates a large number of farmers. In this paper, we present a first approach to the subject in order to begin to demystify the idea. To do this, we use data obtained from the Familiar Characterization Form prepared by PROINDER in 2009 - implemented by the Secretariat for Family Agriculture and Rural Development, Delegation Santiago del Estero- and interviews conducted in villages of Atamisqui department in April 2010. The form used allows us, among other things, measure the weight that have different sources of income in total household income. This, together with the evidence gathered in interviews, allows us to know how live analyzed families. It notes that the most important support comes from the seasonal employee working developed in different rural activities (though especially in the deflowering of corn and harvesting blueberries and various transfers (pensions, social benefits, remittances. These data would indicate, in this particular case, that the subject usually characterized as farmer hides, in reality, the atamisqueña rural working class.Suele afirmarse que Santiago del Estero concentra un elevado número de campesinos. En este artículo presentamos una primera aproximación al tema con el propósito de comenzar a desmitificar dicha idea. Para ello, recurrimos a datos arrojados por el Formulario de Caracterización Familiar del PROINDER, año 2009 -ejecutado desde la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Agricultura Familiar de Santiago del Estero- y entrevistas realizadas en parajes rurales del departamento de Atamisqui en abril del 2010. El Formulario utilizado nos permite, entre otras cosas, mensurar el peso que las distintas fuentes de ingreso tienen en el total del ingreso familiar. Esto, junto a los testimonios recogidos en las entrevistas, nos permite conocer de qué viven las familias analizadas. Se observa que el sustento más importante proviene del trabajo estacional

En torno a un nuevo corpus musical en la Iglesia de San Ignacio: música, religión y sociedad en Santiago (1856-1925 Music, Religion and Society in Santiago (1856-1925: A New Musical Source discovered at the San Ignacio Church

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Alejandro Vera

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo constituye una primera aproximación a la música de los jesuítas en Chile tras su expulsión en 1767 y, específicamente, al fondo musical conservado en la Iglesia de San Ignacio de Santiago. Los más de quinientos volúmenes impresos y manuscritos que lo componen datan aproximadamente de 1880 a 1960 y dan cuenta de la vida musical de dicha institución y el Colegio de San Ignacio, proporcionando información nueva sobre diversos músicos que desarrollaron una actividad relevante en la ciudad como intérpretes, directores y profesores. El período escogido para este estudio se extiende entre la fundación del colegio en 1856 hasta mediados de la década de 1920, cuando finaliza, para algunos historiadores, el llamado "Chile moderno". Los temas que se estudian son, entre otros: el repertorio conservado y su función, las relaciones entre el colegio y la sociedad santiaguina del período, y la repercusión que tuvieron en el medio local los procesos de reforma de la música sacra de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XXThis article considers for the first time the music of the Jesuits in Chile after their expulsion in 1767. It is focused on the music collection preserved at the Church of San Ignacio in Santiago. It contains more than five hundred manuscript and printed sources dated from about 1880 to 1960, which reflect the musical life of this church and the Colegio (high school of San Ignacio. New data is supplied on relevant musicians who were active as performers, conductors and music teachers in Santiago. The period covered by this study begins in 1856 with the foundation of the Colegio, finishing about 1925, a year when, according to some historians, concludes the era of the so called "modern Chile". Among other issues, we shall study the musical repertory and its function; the relationships between the school and Santiago's social life, and the consequences of the reform of sacred music of the Catholic Church

Thermodynamic data for predicting concentrations of Th(IV), U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) in geologic environments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rai, Dhanpat; Roa, Linfeng; Weger, H.T.; Felmy, A.R. [Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) (United States); Choppin, G.R. [Florida State University (United States); Yui, Mikazu [Waste Isolation Research Division, Tokai Works, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan)

1999-01-01

This report provides thermodynamic data for predicting concentrations of Th(IV), U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) in geologic environments, and contributes to an integration of the JNC chemical thermodynamic database, JNC-TDB (previously PNC-TDB), for the performance analysis of geological isolation system for high-level radioactive wastes. Thermodynamic data for the formation of complexes or compounds with hydroxide, chloride, fluoride, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate are discussed in this report. Where data for specific actinide(IV) species was lacking, the data were selected based on chemical analogy to other tetravalent actinides. In this study, the Pitzer ion-interaction model is used to extrapolate thermodynamic constants to zero ionic strength at 25degC. (author)

Application of hydrochemistry and isotopic hydrology to identify recharge areas and characterize nitrate contamination in the Santiago Aquifer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tore, C; Grilli D-F, A; Aguirre, E.; Moya, P

2001-01-01

This work is the result of a joint effort of the Empresa Metropolitana de Obras Sanitarias (EMOS S. A. - Chile), the Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear (CCHEN - Chile) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA - Austria). It has been carried out in the framework of the project ARCAL XXXI-RLA/8/023-9004 and under the auspice of the IAEA. This kind of project aims to provide technical knowledge in order to promote a sustainable use of groundwater resources for water supply in urban areas. The main goal of the ARCAL was to characterize the Santiago aquifer, specially those areas currently intensively exploited (or expected to be in the next future) and determine EMOS S. A. production wells capture zones to define protection areas. Among the specific objectives pursued it can be mentioned: -Determination of recharge areas and main hydrochemical features of groundwater in Santiago -Characterization of nitrate pollution and its most probable source (au)

Meteorological air pollution potential for Santiago, Chile: Towards an objective episode forecasting.

Science.gov (United States)

Rutllant, J; Garreaud, R

1995-02-01

The geography and climate of the Santiago basin are, in general, unfavorable for the diffusion of air pollutants. Consequently, extreme events occur frequently during the high pollution season extending from April to August. The meteorological conditions concurrent with those extreme events are mainly associated with the leading edges of coastal lows that bring down the base of the semipermanent temperature inversion reducing the dirunal growth of the surface mixed layer. In order to produce an objective 12 to 24-hour episode forecast, a two-way multivariate discriminant analysis has been used in the definition of a meteorological air-pollution potential index (MAPPI), separating high and low meteorological air-pollution potential days. The same procedure has been applied in the selection of the most efficient predictors for the MAPPI objective forecast, based on 12 and 24 UTC radiosonde data at Quintero, about 100 km to the NW of Santiago. Results indicate about 70% correctly forecasted days, with satisfactory skill-scores relative to persistency. The strong persistency characterizing the most efficient predictors in the 12-hour objective forecast scheme, makes the prediction of the first and last days of any particular air-pollution potential episode particularly difficult. To overcome this problem, a new set of predictors based on continuous measurements near the level of the top of the temperature inversion layer (900 hPa during air-pollution episodes) is being tested. Preliminary results indicate that the time-integrated zonal wind component at that level is a reliable precursor for both the onset and the end of air-pollution potential episodes.

Del espectáculo cultural y sus efectos: arte y políticas culturales en Santiago de Compostela = The cultural spectacle and its effects: arts and cultural policies in Santiago de Compostela

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Miguel Anxo Rodríguez González

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En los años noventa Santiago de Compostela se convirtió en un ejemplo destacado de aplicación de políticas culturales a gran escala. Con una generosa financiación se llevaron a cabo proyectos arquitectónicos y programaciones culturales ambiciosas. Aunque la valoración general de sus efectos, a nivel urbanístico y económico, es muy positiva, en el ámbito específico de las artes las opiniones son encontradas. Esta investigación intenta dilucidar cuales fueron las repercusiones de estas políticas en el campo de las artes plásticas, a partir de una aproximación a los debates en el seno de la comunidad de creadores y gestores de espacios culturales.In the nineties Santiago de Compostela became a prominent implementing of largescale cultural policies example. With generous funding, ambitious architectural projects and cultural programs were conducted. Although the overall assessment of their effects on urban and economic level is very positive, in the specific field of arts opinions are problematic. This research aims to clarify the implications of these policies in the field of visual arts, from an approach to the debates within the community of creators and managers of cultural spaces.

La manzana de la Catedral en Santiago de Chile: expansión y contrucción urbana, 1874-1913

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Macarena Ibarra

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina el proceso de desarrollo morfológico de la manzana de la Catedral Metropolitana de Santiago, entre 1874 y 1913. En este período la manzana sufrió radicales transformaciones y alteraciones, que se vinculan a un fenómeno de expansión y contracción urbana que se reflejan en la paulatina redefinición de los contornos interiores y exteriores de los edificios, las transformaciones de las tipologías de edificación y en la densificación urbana. Asimismo, este fenómeno de expansión se manifestó en la hegemonía que alcanzó la Iglesia como propietaria de gran parte de los solares y edificios de la manzana. Se propone que tanto la totalidad de la manzana como sus edificios más emblemáticos -Catedral Metropolitana, Palacio Arzobispal y Parroquia del Sagrario- fueron permeables a factores sociales y políticos, a los propios cambios de la Iglesia como institución, a las continuas transformaciones edilicias y a la modernización de Santiago a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX.This article examines the process of morphologic development of Santiago's Cathedral block, between 1874 and 1913. During this period the block experienced radical transformations and alterations that were linked to a phenomenon of urban expansion and contraction. This process reflected the gradual redefinition of the interior and exterior contours of the buildings, the transformations of building typologies and of urban densification. This phenomenon of expansion became evident with the hegemony reached by the church as owner of most of the buildings on the block. The article proposes that the entirety of the block, as well as most of its emblematic buildings- Metropolitan Cathedral, Archbishop's Palace and the Sagrario Parish - were permeable to social and political factors, to the changes that were affecting the church as an institution, the permanent transformations in the urban fabric and the modernization of Santiago from the last

Le Bassin de Ribeira Seca de Santiago, Cap Vert: une gestion basée sur l´approche GIRE

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Januário da Rocha Nascimento

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article, l´auteur caractérise l´eau et l´agriculture des îles du Cap Vert et analyse les défis del´eau après la construction du barrage de Poilao dans la Vallée de Ribeira Seca, sur l´île de Santiago,en se servant de l´approche GIRE (Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau. Au niveau de la législation,il s´avère nécessaire de proposer de nouvelles lois, décrets et règlements qui soient en accord avecnotre réalité, en opposition à un important lot d´instruments juridiques inapplicables, obsolètes et decompréhension difficile. La construction du barrage de Poilão a produit des impacts environnementaux,socio-économiques et sur l´irrigation. Il s´agit de trouver un modèle de gestion qui s´adapte à la réalitédu Cap Vert et de l´île de Santiago, regroupant tous les partenaires pour une gestion durable de lavallée de Ribeira Seca et qui puisse servir d´exemple aux futurs barrages à construire.In this article, the author characterizes the water and agriculture of the islands of Cape Verde andanalyzes the challenges in the water after the dam construction Poilao in the Valley of Ribeira Seca,on the island of Santiago, using the IWRM (Integrated Water Resources Management approach. Interms of legislation, it is necessary to propose new laws, decrees and regulations that are consistentwith our reality, as opposed to a large batch of inapplicable legal instruments obsolete and difficult tounderstand. The construction of the dam has produced Poilão environmental, socio-economic impactsand irrigation. It is to find a model that fits the reality of Cape Verde and Santiago Island, involvingall partners for the sustainable management of the valley of Ribeira Seca and that can serve as anexample to future to build dams.

Posicionamiento de las mujeres como locutoras en las transmisiones de programas radiales en Santiago de Chile

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tomas, Dodds.; Amor, I.M.

2016-01-01

Este artículo busca describir el rol de las mujeres en las radios de Frecuencia Modulada que transmiten en Santiago de Chile. Para ello levanta información respecto a la cantidad de mujeres que ocupan roles de locución y observa a través de la categorización de los programas qué espacios se les han

Indicadores de desempeño del sistema de riego del Rio Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Prieto, D.; Angella, G.; Angueira, M.C.; Pérez Carrera, A.; Moscuzza, C.

2005-01-01

Mucha atención se ha puesto en el estudio del desempeño de los sistemas de riego a partir de la década de 1990, al tomarse conciencia de los bajos resultados de muchos de ellos, y su impacto ambiental negativo. El Sistema de Riego del Río Dulce en Santiago del Estero (PRD), no es la excepción,

About the structure and stability of complex carbonates of thorium (IV), cerium (IV), zirconium (IV), hafnium (IV)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dervin, Jacqueline

1972-01-01

This research thesis addressed the study of complex carbonates of cations of metals belonging to the IV A column, i.e. thorium (IV), zirconium (IV), hafnium (IV), and also cerium (IV) and uranium (VI), and more particularly focused on ionic compounds formed in solution, and also on the influence of concentration and nature of cations on stability and nature of the formed solid. The author first presents methods used in this study, discusses their precision and scope of validity. She reports the study of the formation of different complex ions which have been highlighted in solution, and the determination of their formation constants. She reports the preparation and study of the stability domain of solid complexes. The next part reports the use of thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectrometry, and crystallography for the structural study of these compounds

Las aguas en la estructura urbana de Santiago de Chile.

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Jonás Figueroa Salas

2009-07-01

The water resources are necessary for development of production processes, human consumption and as a climate and landscape, among others. The last time the weather events have transformed the waters in dire terms of natural disasters, with a high impact on the people and the natural and built heritage in urban areas. This article presents some scope of an investigation about the role of river water and rainwater in the urban morphological structure of the nineteenth century city and the physical growth of the twentieth century. It concludes with the idea of turning water into instruments of sustainability in order to redevelop large parts of Santiago de Chile lacking quality elements, thereby surpassing the treatment of public works exclusively with which today is handled the issue.

36 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct. 6-9 2010 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 36 Reunion Anual Sociedad Nuclear Espanola, 6-8 de Octubre de 2010, Santiago de Compostela, Espana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

The Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE) is a non-profit association, made up of professionals and institutions in order to promote awareness and dissemination of science and nuclear technology. The 36th meeting of the SNE was held in Santiago de Compostela between 6 and 8 October 2010. Participants discussed the situation of nuclear energy and its challenges, the development of electric cars and their distributional implications, and the study of nuclear advertising on other countries and their potential application to the case of Spain.

La Realidad de la Adquisicion del Lenguaje Oral y Escrito en una Muestra de Escuelas del Sector sur de Santiago. [The Reality of the Acquisition of Oral and Written Language in a Sample of Schools in the Southern Part of Santiago.

Science.gov (United States)

Oyarce, Carmen Diaz; Mujica, Elena Alvarez-Salamanca

2001-01-01

Investigated reading and writing skills of socioeconomically deprived first graders in Santiago, Chile. Found that the children had low achievement in reading and writing and at the end of the school year had not acquired sufficient linguistic competence to successfully master these skills. Also found a dissociation between observed practice and…

Los impactos del turismo en el Camino de Santiago Francés: una aproximación cualitativa

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Clara Martín-Duque

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El Camino de Santiago se configura como un Itinerario Cultural con una larga tradición tanto histórica como turística. En el plano turístico, el tramo Francés es el más desarrollado, habiendo experimentado en los últimos años un aumento continuado en el número de personas que lo realizan lo que, aunque a priori puede parecer positivo, es necesario estudiar en profundidad.  En concreto, el presente artículo aborda, mediante once entrevistas en profundidad dirigidas a expertos en turismo e Itinerarios Culturales, los principales impactos que ha generado el turismo en el Camino de Santiago Francés. En este sentido, los resultados nos ponen de manifiesto que, si bien es cierto que el auge del Camino Francés ha servido para que el territorio sea conocido a nivel internacional, también lo es que el aumento de visitantes está generando una situación de masificación y la consiguiente turistificación de la ruta.

Autoagresión corporal entre los jóvenes del occidente de México: psicopatología y cultura

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María del Carmen Rojas Hernández

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es analizar, mediante conceptos del psicoanálisis y de la antropología simbólica, algunas prácticas de autoagresión corporal entre jóvenes urbanos del Occidente de México, como una manifestación de enfermedad, de sí mismos y de su sociedad, esta articulación se propone a partir del análisis de trastornos de alimentación, y del acto de auto cortarse la piel.

Trazas y trazos de la circulación musical en el virreinato del Perú: copistas de la catedral de Lima en Santiago de Chile

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Vera Aguilera, Alejandro

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This article seeks to expand the current knowledge about the circulation of music in the Viceroyalty of Peru, through a comparative study between music scores from the colonial period that have been preserved in the cathedrals of Lima and Santiago de Chile. Contributing with new musical and calligraphic concordances, it shows that some of the works held in Santiago were copied in the viceregal capital. It also raises convincing hypotheses about the possible Spanish origin of certain musical sources, as well as methodological contributions for the study of music copyists, complementing the existing ones. Finally, it goes on to question important assumptions about the musical life of Lima cathedral that have been transmitted in previous works.El presente trabajo busca ampliar el conocimiento actual sobre la circulación musical en el virreinato del Perú por medio de un estudio comparado entre las partituras del período colonial que se han conservado en las catedrales de Lima y Santiago de Chile. De esta forma, se establecen nuevas correspondencias tanto musicales como caligráficas, demostrándose que algunas de las obras conservadas en Santiago fueron copiadas en la capital del virreinato; se formulan hipótesis convincentes acerca del posible origen español de ciertas fuentes musicales; y se realizan aportaciones metodológicas para el estudio de los copistas de música, que complementan las ya existentes. Finalmente, el trabajo permite cuestionar importantes premisas sobre la vida musical de la catedral de Lima que nos han sido transmitidas en trabajos previos.

Evolución histórica de las farmacias en Santiago de Cuba en la primera mitad del siglo XX

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Clara Aurora Zúñiga Moro

Full Text Available Se expone la evolución de las farmacias en Santiago de Cuba durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, con sus características, auge y desarrollo; la organización del Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la ciudad; así como la participación en la vida social y política de los farmacéuticos en el territorio. Se mencionan las farmacias que prestaban servicio de guardia en caso de urgencias y se ofrece información sobre algunas dirigidas por graduadas de la especialidad en ese período, durante el cual la actividad farmacéutica en Santiago evolucionó, desde las farmacias iniciales al estilo colonial, hasta alcanzar un desarrollo superior vinculado con servicios de dispensario, patentes de medicamentos, atención a domicilio y horario de guardias nocturnas.

Retrospective study of histological types of esophageal cancer prevalent in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile

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Andrés Torrealba Bustos

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This study tries to determine the statistical relation between the most frequent histological types of oesophageal carcinoma in the Metropolitan region of Santiago, Chile. For it there were obtained clinical samples of different laboratories of Pathological Anatomy of the Metropolitan region corresponding to the south and east sector of Santiago, gathering a total of 348 cases, which were diagnosed by means of endoscopic biopsy, using as parameters the morphologic characteristics of neoplastic tissue evaluated by light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin dye. The obtained information was submitted to a model of logistic multiple regression, in order to determine the associations between the most frequent histological types of oesophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma, topographic location compromised to the moment of the diagnosis, age and sex of the patients in study. The proportion between the histological types of cancer of esophagus did not present significant differences, which contrasts with the results of international publications. The analyses demonstrated that the low third is the only parameter that is subject to variation, which relates to the metaplasia of Barrett and the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Patterns of tree species diversity in relation to climatic factors on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva-Flores, Ramón; Pérez-Verdín, Gustavo; Wehenkel, Christian

2014-01-01

Biological diversity can be defined as variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial organisms, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes which they are part of. This includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Numerous diversity indices combine richness and evenness in a single expression, and several climate-based explanations have been proposed to explain broad-scale diversity patterns. However, climate-based water-energy dynamics appears to be an essential factor that determines patterns of diversity. The Mexican Sierra Madre Occidental occupies an area of about 29 million hectares and is located between the Neotropical and Holarctic ecozones. It shelters a high diversity of flora, including 24 different species of Pinus (ca. 22% on the whole), 54 species of Quercus (ca. 9-14%), 7 species of Arbutus (ca. 50%) and many other trees species. The objectives of this study were to model how tree species diversity is related to climatic and geographic factors and stand density and to test the Metabolic Theory, Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis, Mid-Domain Effect, and the Water-Energy Dynamic Theory on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango. The results supported the Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis and Water-Energy Dynamic Theory, but not the Mid-Domain Effect or Metabolic Theory. The annual aridity index was the variable most closely related to the diversity indices analyzed. Contemporary climate was found to have moderate to strong effects on the minimum, median and maximum tree species diversity. Because water-energy dynamics provided a satisfactory explanation for the patterns of minimum, median and maximum diversity, an understanding of this factor is critical to future biodiversity research. Quantile regression of the data showed that the three diversity parameters of tree species are generally higher in cold

Patterns of Tree Species Diversity in Relation to Climatic Factors on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Silva-Flores, Ramón; Pérez-Verdín, Gustavo; Wehenkel, Christian

2014-01-01

Biological diversity can be defined as variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial organisms, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes which they are part of. This includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Numerous diversity indices combine richness and evenness in a single expression, and several climate-based explanations have been proposed to explain broad-scale diversity patterns. However, climate-based water-energy dynamics appears to be an essential factor that determines patterns of diversity. The Mexican Sierra Madre Occidental occupies an area of about 29 million hectares and is located between the Neotropical and Holarctic ecozones. It shelters a high diversity of flora, including 24 different species of Pinus (ca. 22% on the whole), 54 species of Quercus (ca. 9–14%), 7 species of Arbutus (ca. 50%) and many other trees species. The objectives of this study were to model how tree species diversity is related to climatic and geographic factors and stand density and to test the Metabolic Theory, Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis, Mid-Domain Effect, and the Water-Energy Dynamic Theory on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango. The results supported the Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis and Water-Energy Dynamic Theory, but not the Mid-Domain Effect or Metabolic Theory. The annual aridity index was the variable most closely related to the diversity indices analyzed. Contemporary climate was found to have moderate to strong effects on the minimum, median and maximum tree species diversity. Because water-energy dynamics provided a satisfactory explanation for the patterns of minimum, median and maximum diversity, an understanding of this factor is critical to future biodiversity research. Quantile regression of the data showed that the three diversity parameters of tree species are generally higher in cold

[The work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the Revista Trimestral Micrográfica (Trabajos del Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biológicas)].

Science.gov (United States)

Gamundí, A; Timoner, G; Nicolau, M C; Rial, R V; Esteban, S; Langa, M A

This paper is based on a study of Revista Trimestral Micrografica (Trabajos del Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biologicas) between its creation by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in 1896 and his death in 1934. The journal Revista Trimestral Micrografica was the main way in which Santiago Ramon y Cajal and his school published their work since its creation. Ramon y Cajal created the journal for two main reasons: first, he needed a rapid system to publish his own work; second, the journal could serve to encourage his pupils. The journal published many important reports defending the neuronal theory which expanded the cellular one to include the nervous system.

Characterization of airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile. Part 6: elemental determination by neutron activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassorla, V.; Rojas, X.; Andonie, O.; Gras, N.

1995-01-01

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter from some locations in the city of Santiago, Chile. The following elements were determined: Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, V y Zn. The accuracy of the experimental procedure was evaluated using a standard reference material. (author). 3 refs, 3 figs, 4 tabs

In-seam seismic surveys at Polio and Santiago collieries during the month of January

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1987-01-01

In-seam seismic surveys were carried out over the last two weekends in January in order to assess two coal panels, one in seam Cuatro at Polio colliery between levels 4 and 5 of the Centella field and the other in the Mariana seam at Santiago colliery between levels 3,5, and 7 in the Desquite zone. Geological research called in-seam seismics, which is just being developed in Spain, is a geophysical method developed specially for detailed investigation of coal seams.

Mortality due to malignancies in Santiago de Cuba province during 2010

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soler Santana, Raxsy; Soler Santana, Angel Luis; Carbonel Garcia, Isabel Cristina; Brossard Cisnero, Marlenis

2011-01-01

A descriptive and cross-sectional study on mortality due to cancer in Santiago de Cuba province during 2010 was carried out, taking into account 1 819 deceased at a rate of 173,9 every 100 000 inhabitants. This rate increased compared to the previous year with a male mortality predominance of elderly aged 75 and over, as well as mortality in Mella and II Frente municipalities. Most common malignancies in women were detected in lungs, breast, and colon; while in men, they were preponderantly diagnosed in prostate, lungs, and colon. For this reason, it is recommendable addressing and planning health actions according to the stratified mortality risk in each municipality of this province. (author)

ENVIRONMENTAL TAX IN CUBA, CONTROL YOUR FUND IN SANTIAGO DE CUBA

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Maira Vázquez-Díaz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available By issuing the Law 73 of the Tax System in 1994, the taxation on the usage and exploitation of natural resources began to be applied to promote a rational usage of these resources on the protection of the environment. This article refers to the application of this tax in Cuba based on records of imprinted and digital bibliography containing considerations of environmental economists about the subject on a legal approach. It also offers the reader a general view of the application of this tax in the province of Santiago de Cuba as well as information for the specialists incharge of collecting its income which is used to encourage the protection of the environment. 

Biogas potential in the meat installation of Santiago de Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recio Recio, Angel Amado; Martinez Rotger, Jose Luis; Palacios Barrera, Antonio

2011-01-01

The Meat Processing Center of Santiago is located 13 kilometers from the city of the same name in the National Freeway. There, 61 heads of bovine livestock are sacrificed daily approximately around 325 Kg. of weight average and 197 pigs of 80 kg. of weight average, which has a demurrage average between 2 and 3 days in the corrals of the Meat Processing Center which generates a significant amount of excretes, rumen (food not digested by the bowels), bleed fluff, slops, meat residuals and fatty, as well as tripes, all that which constitutes a waste of a discharge at the present time loads pollutant that besides not taking advantage, for the maintenance of some appropriate norms of hygiene, the Meat Processing Center of meat by products is under the obligation of using big quantities of water, which constitutes an important factor of the elaboration cost. After that, the treatment in the plant and its final discharge in acceptable drains increase the general expenses. The big slaughterhouses can produce waste waters with a biochemical demand of oxygen of five days of 1300 ppm. The treatment of the waste and elimination of the waste waters coming from slaughterhouses and meat processing plants are an economic necessity and of public health. The main objectives of this work were: 1) To calculate the energy potentialities of the residuals of the productions pig, bovine and other residuals to transform them into energy and their effluents like organic fertilizer cleans of pathogen elements, by means of the process of anaerobic fermentation. 2) To Transform the Biomass into energy given by the different economic activities of the entity, taking advantage of the same one in the process. To achieve these results we have used the literature in this respect and the experience that exists in the province of Santiago from Cuba in this direction, as for the use of the residuals for the biogas production and to dedicate it to the cooking of food and the production of electric

Las nuevas casas de la Inquisición en Santiago de Compostela: del palacio de Monterrey a la sede de Porta da Mámoa

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Pita Galán, Paula

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In 1726 the Inquisition decided to rebuild its building: the Palace of Monterrey, in Santiago de Compostela. This intervention should have been made according to a project of Fernando de Casas but caused the moving of the Santo Oficio to a new building known as Casa Grande del Horreo or de Calo, in front of Porta da Mámoa. Thanks to unknown documents and the collection of plates of the Inquisition conserved at Archivo Histórico Universitario de Santiago, we will analized the circumstances that caused the change of building as well as propose an hypothetical reconstruction of the Casa de Calo from the testimonies of those who knew it before of the deep removal, directed by the master mason of San Martín Pinario fray Francisco Velasco that transform it into a Palace of the Inquisition.

En 1726 el Tribunal de la Inquisición se propuso remodelar sus instalaciones en el Palacio de Monterrey, en Santiago de Compostela. Dicha intervención, que debía realizarse según un proyecto de Fernando de Casas, determinó el traslado del Santo Oficio a un nuevo inmueble: la Casa Grande del Hórreo o de Calo, frente a la Porta da Mámoa. A partir de documentación inédita y del estudio de la colección de planos de la Inquisición que conserva el Archivo Histórico Universitario de Santiago, analizaremos las circunstancias que motivaron el cambio de sede, y reconstruiremos la Casa de Calo según los testimonios de quienes la conocieron antes de que una profunda remoción dirigida por fray Francisco Velasco, maestro de obras de San Martín Pinario, la transformase en un palacio de la Inquisición. [gl] En 1726 o Tribunal da Inquisición propúxose remodelar a súas instalacións no Pazo de Monterrey, en Santiago de Compostela. Dita intervención, que debíase realizar seguindo un proxecto de Fernando de Casas, determinou o traslado do Santo Ofi cio a un novo inmoble: a Casa Grande do Hórreo ou de Calo, frente a Porta da Mámoa. A partir de

DENSIDAD Y ESTRUCTURA DE TALLAS DEL PEZ LEÓN PTEROIS VOLITANS (SCORPAENIDAE) EN EL CARIBE OCCIDENTAL INSULAR COLOMBIANO

OpenAIRE

González-Corredor, Juan David; Acero P, Arturo; García-Urueña, Rocío

2016-01-01

RESUMEN En los últimos años se ha reconocido la problemática causada por especies invasoras, consideradas el segundo causal de pérdida de diversidad después de la degradación del hábitat. El pez león (Pterois volitans), especie originaria del Pacífico occidental, fue visto por primera vez al sur de la Florida en 1985. A partir de 2000 se ha dispersado y establecido en la costa este de Estados Unidos, Bermudas, las Bahamas, y desde 2007 se ha expandido por el Caribe, registrándose en localidad...

Epidemiología de las consultas pediátricas respiratorias en Santiago de Chile desde 1993 a 2009 Epidemiology of pediatric respiratory consultations in Santiago de Chile, from 1993 to 2009

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Pedro Astudillo

2012-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: El presente trabajo se propone describir la metodología de análisis y la distribución global de las consultas de morbilidad -particularmente las de tipo respiratorio- en menores de 15 años de edad de la ciudad Santiago de Chile, Chile, con el objetivo de conocer sus diferencias según grupos etarios, su comportamiento estacional y su evolución a lo largo de los años. MÉTODOS: Se investigó la distribución de las consultas de morbilidad pediátrica (CP -en especial las respiratorias- y su evolución en un período de 17 años. En siete centros centinela de Santiago de Chile se recolectó prospectivamente información diaria de todas las CP, agrupadas en infecciones no respiratorias e infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA. RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 2009 se registraron 1 947 477 CP, de las cuales 1 188 029 (61,0% fueron por causa respiratoria: 656 567 (33,7% por enfermedad respiratoria aguda de vía aérea baja (IRAb, 418 932 (21,5% por síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO y 48 669 (2,5% por neumonía. Neumonía y SBO fueron más frecuentes en menores de 5 años. Las IRAb, SBO y neumonía presentaron una significativa tendencia a la disminución durante el período observado. Las IRA constituyen la primera causa de CP en atención primaria de salud y el SBO es la primera causa específica de consulta pediátrica. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de asignar o redestinar recursos en programas de promoción, educación, prevención y tratamiento de estas enfermedades, con la debida focalización que determina su variación estacional.OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the analytical methodology and overall distribution of these consultations-particularly respiratory consultations-for children under 15 years of age in Santiago de Chile, Chile. The aim is to understand differences by age groups, as well as seasonal trends and trends over the years. METHODS: The research covered the distribution of

Entrevista a Santiago Álvarez de Mon

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Sergio López

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Santiago Álvarez de Mon es un profesor de obligada referencia académica y profesional en el ámbito de los valores humanos en la alta dirección empresarial. Doctor en sociología y ciencias políticas por la Universidad de Salamanca (España, es profesor en el Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa de la Universidad de Navarra (IESE, actualmente considerada como una de las diez escuelas de negocios más prestigiosas del mundo. Álvarez de Mon es autor de varios artículos y libros sobre el liderazgo empresarial, entre los que destacan “El mito del líder” o “Desde la adversidad: liderazgo, cuestión de carácter”, basado en las historias de vida e investigación sobre destacados personajes como Nelson Mandela, Hellen Keller, José Carreras o Lance Armstrong, entre otros. Ha trabajado como directivo en la banca española, así como en el sector de grandes cadenas de distribución, y actualmente combina su labor docente con el asesoramiento a varias compañías en materias de liderazgo y trabajo en equipo.

Seismic microzoning from synthetic ground motion parameters: Case study, Santiago de Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez, Leonardo; Vaccari, Franco; Panza, Giuliano F.; Pico, Ramon

2003-08-01

Synthetic seismograms (P - SV and SH waves) have been calculated along 6 profiles in Santiago de Cuba basin, with a cutoff frequency of 5 Hz, by using the hybrid approach (modal summation for a regional (ID) structure plus finite differences for a local (2D) structure embedded in the first). They correspond to a scenario earthquake of M S = 7 that may occur in Oriente fault zone, directly south of the city. As initial data for a seismic microzoning, the characterisation of earthquake effects has been made considering several relative (2D/1D) quantities (PGDR, PGVR, PGAR, DGAR, I A R etc.) and functions representative of the ground motion behaviour in soil (2D) with respect to bedrock (ID). The functions are the response spectra ratio RSR(f), already routinely used in this kind of work, and the elastic energy input ratio E I R(f), defined, for the first time, in this paper. These data, sampled at 105 sites within all the profiles have been classified in two steps, using logical combinatory algorithms: connected sets and compact sets. In the first step, from the original ground motion parameters or functions extracted from the synthetic seismograms, 9 sets have been classified and the partial results show the spatial distribution of the soil behaviour as function of the component of motion. In the second step, the results of the classification of the 9 sets have been used as input for a further classification that shows a spatial distribution of sites with a quasi-homogeneous integral ground motion behaviour. By adding the available geological surface data, a microzoning scheme of Santiago de Cuba basin has been obtained. (author)

Miradas del desierto. Niños saharauis retratan la sociedad occidental

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Ainara Miguel Sáez de Urabain

2010-10-01

Full Text Available En 1966, los investigadores norteamericanos John Adair y Sol Worth prestaron siete sencillas cámaras de vídeo a siete Navajos para que grabaran sus propias películas a su manera, con una mínima instrucción técnica. La experiencia fue todo un éxito; los indios lograron reproducir en las imágenes tanto su propia concepción del mundo como su lugar en él. Este proyecto pretende reproducir aquel ensayo, entregando diez cámaras fotográficas a veinte de los niños y niñas saharauis que el pasado verano de 2009, gracias a la Asociación Burgalesa de Amigos del Pueblo Saharaui, dejaron atrás los campamentos de refugiados para pasar sus vacaciones en la provincia.Permitimos que, durante los meses de julio y agosto, los niños fotografiaran aquello que consideraran digno de fotografiar del modo en que prefirieran. Así, no sólo se retrataban a sí mismos, sino que también nos representaban a nosotros, parte de una sociedad occidental mucho más acostumbrada a mirar que a ser vista.

La labor reconstructora de Francisco Somolinos en Langreo, Asturias: la iglesia parroquial de Santiago Apóstol = The Rebuilding Task of Francisco Somolinos in Langreo, Asturias: The Parish Church of Santiago Apostol

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Noelia Fernández García

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Después de la Guerra Civil, la arquitectura española estuvo regida por el estilo establecido por la Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas. A partir de este momento, en la construcción de los templos se recuperaron los historicismos más representativos de la historia del catolicismo, tales como serían el románico y el gótico, por ser considerados los adecuados para mostrar el espíritu de la Iglesia. Así, la iglesia parroquial de Santiago Apóstol, construida por Francisco Somolinos en el concejo asturiano de Langreo, resulta un ejemplo clave de la arquitectura religiosa de posguerra ya que evidencia claramente las nuevas formas de actuación arquitectónica durante el primer franquismo.After the Civil War, the style established by the so -called General Direction of Devastated Regions ruled Spanish architecture. Since that moment, the most representative historic styles of Catholicism were recovered for the construction of new churches, such as the Romanesque or the Gothic style, because they were considered as suitable to show the essence and spirit of the religious institution. Thus, Santiago Apóstol parish church, built by Francisco Somolinos in the council of Langreo, is a great example of post-war religious architecture because it shows the new architectural tendencies during the first years of Franco’s dictatorship.

Un mapa Geológico inédito de la Sierra de Albarracín (C. Ibérica) de Santiago Rodríguez (1824-1876)

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Puche Riart, Octavio; Boixereu Vila, E.; López Olmedo, F.

2015-01-01

En la biblioteca del IGME, se encuentra un ejemplar de un mapa titulado Plano geognóstico de una parte de las provincias de Teruel y Guadalajara firmado por Santiago Rodríguez. Se trata de un documento inédito no fechado, por lo que, hasta ahora, no se había tenido en cuenta en la historiografía geológica española. Santiago Rodríguez (1824-1876) fue un ingeniero de minas nacido en Zaragoza, que cursó sus estudios en la Escuela de Minas de Madrid. Desarrolló toda su carrera profesional e...

Camino de Santiago y Xacobeo 2010 en los portales turísticos de las Comunidades Autónomas

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Dra. Mª-Dolores Fernández-Poyatos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los portales web turísticos de las comunidades autónomas españolas por donde cruzan rutas históricas jacobeas. Considerando que tanto el Camino de Santiago como la celebración del Xacobeo 2010 son oportunidades turísticas para estas comunidades, esta investigación se ha planteado como objetivo principal determinar el tratamiento que de ellos han realizado en sus portales web dichas autonomías; para ello, se valora, primero, el grado de calidad de las webs y, segundo, se comprueba si en los portales web se ha considerado el año jacobeo y el producto turístico Camino de Santiago para promocionar sus propios territorios autonómicos. En la investigación, se ha revisado la bibliografía y definido los conceptos utilizados; se han seleccionado las variables para medir los parámetros de calidad web y se ha realizado un análisis del contenido y diseño de las webs turísticas. Como conclusión, se constata que el portal web de Galicia es el que más exhaustivamente trata el Xacobeo 2010 y el Camino de Santiago. El resto de autonomías ofrece en sus portales turísticos información sobre el Xacobeo 2010 y el Camino dispar, que varía de unas a otras. Por la trascendencia del acontecimiento turístico del Xacobeo 2010 y la importancia de Internet como herramienta de comunicación, el grupo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un nuevo análisis de los portales institucionales una vez finalice el año 2010.

Residential Solar PV Planning in Santiago, Chile: Incorporating the PM10 Parameter

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Gustavo Cáceres

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses an economic study of the installation of photovoltaic (PV solar panels for residential power generation in Santiago, Chile, based on the different parameters of a PV system, such as efficiency. As a performance indicator, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE was used, which indicates the benefit of the facility vs. the current cost of electrical energy. In addition, due to a high level of airborne dusts typically associated with PM10, the effect of the dust deposition on PV panels’ surfaces and the effect on panel performance are examined. Two different scenarios are analyzed: on-grid PV plants and off-grid PV plants.

Understanding Hydrological Regime Alterations Caused by dams: the Santiago River case in the Andean Region of the Amazon Basin.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosero-Lopez, D.; Flecker, A.; Walter, M. T.

2016-12-01

Water resources in South America have been clearly targeted as key sources for hydropower expansion over the next 30 years. Ecuador, among the most biologically diverse countries in the world, has the highest density of hydropower dams, either operational, under construction, or planned, in the Amazon Basin. Ecuador's ambitious plan to change its energy portfolio is conceived to satisfy the country's demand and to empower the country to be the region's first hydroelectric energy exporter. The Santiago watershed located in the southeast part of the country has 39 facilities either under construction or in operation. The Santiago River and its main tributaries (Zamora and Upano) are expected to be impounded by large dams over the next 10 years. In order to understand the magnitude and potential impacts of regional dam development on hydrological regimes, a 35-year historical data set of stream discharge was analyzed. We examined flow regimes for time series between the construction of each dam, starting with the oldest and largest built in 1982 up until the most recent dam built in 2005. Preliminary results indicate a systematic displacement in flow seasonality following post-dam compared to pre-dam conditions. There are also notable differences in the distributions of peaks and pulses in post-dam flows. The range of changes from these results shows that punctuated and cumulative impacts are related to the size of each new impoundment. These observations and their implications to the livelihoods, biota, and ecosystems services in the Santiago watershed need to be incorporated into a broader cost-benefit analysis of hydropower generation in the western Amazon Basin.

GORDURA, DISCRIMINACIÓN Y CLASISMO: UN ESTUDIO EN JÓVENES DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

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María Alejandra Energici Sprovera; Elaine Acosta Gonzáles; Florencia Borquez Grancelli; Macarena Huaiquimilla Paredes

2017-01-01

Resumen El estudio de la obesidad desde la psicología social se ha realizado principalmente desde una aproximación cognitivo conductual omitiendo los contextos sociales en que se realizan juicios discriminadores. Con el objetivo de comprender los significados con que se construye la gordura y su interacción con otras formas de exclusión social, hemos realizado un estudio cualitativo de jóvenes de Santiago de Chile. Trabajamos con tres grupos de discusión, que analizamos siguiendo las directri...

El inicio de la formación de doctores en ciencias en Santiago de Cuba: una experiencia singular

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Wilkie Delgado Correa

2015-07-01

Full Text Available A partir de la fundación de las escuelas de Medicina y Estomatología en 1962 y 1963, respectivamente, que fueran parte de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Oriente, se inició en fecha temprana, además de la docencia de pregrado, la investigación científica en varios campos, tanto en las ciencias básicas como en las clínicas. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito resaltar la experiencia singular del inicio de la formación de doctores en ciencias en Santiago de Cuba. Desde el año 1972 se logró implementar un plan de formación de los cuadros científicos y un programa de investigaciones, conducentes al grado científico de doctorado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, con el apoyo de las facultades de ciencias respectivas de la Universidad de Oriente y la tutoría de varios asesores soviéticos en distintas ramas biomédicas

Voluntariado y Edades: Observaciones desde la juventud, adultez y vejez voluntaria de la ciudad de Santiago

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Nelson Sepúlveda Miranda; Antonio Muñoz Mayne-Nicholls

2009-01-01

El voluntariado, entendido como una manifestación de la colaboración, se construye a partir de los observadores que describen y explican su realidad. En este sentido, el presente texto abordará las comunicaciones más recurrentes sobre voluntariado, identificadas por jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores voluntarios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile; quienes, al producir comunicaciones colaborativas, construyen -a su vez- sus propias edades.

Peligrosidad sísmica de la región de Santiago de Cuba

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Tomás J. Chuy-Rodríguez

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Se caracteriza la peligrosidad sísmica de la provincia y ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, en términos de intensidad, aceleración, velocidad y desplazamiento. Los parámetros de peligrosidad sísmica se presentan en forma de mapas independientes utilizando períodos de recurrencia para cada valor de los parámetros de la amenaza; a tiempo que, de forma probabilística para diferentes tiempos de vida útil y probabilidad de ocurrencia para una red de cuadrículas de 1 km2 en toda la cuenca de Santiago de Cuba, se definen para cada una de ellas, las correspondientes curvas de nivel de amenaza. Los parámetros de peligrosidad sísmica están preparados como Bases de Datos Digitales, para su implementación en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG con fines de prevención y manejo de desastres sismológicos, por ser imprescindibles para la planificación, proyección y diseño del desarrollo socioeconómico de estos territorios, ya que permiten la valoración del nivel de riesgo que se quiera asumir en áreas de interés. En la actualidad son la base de referencia y consulta para el establecimiento de definiciones de planeamiento urbano y de uso de suelos, así como para proyectos ubicados en estos territorios. Constituyen, igualmente, un elemento de consulta por la Defensa Civil en los planes de medidas para caso de terremotos

LOS MARCADORES DE REFORMULACIÓN EN EL CORPUS PRESEEA DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

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Abelardo San Martín Núñez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar nuestra aproximación variacionista, informada en Rojas et al. (2012, a los marcadores de reformulación en el español hablado en Santiago de Chile. Para tal propósito, se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la mencionada función en una muestra de 54 entrevistas que conforman el Corpus Sociolingüístico de preseea de Santiago. En el análisis, se consideraron el concepto y la clasificación de los marcadores del discurso de Martín Zorraquino y Montolío (1998; Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999; Portolés (2001; y Loureda y Acín (2010. Se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la función de reformulación, según diferentes subtipos (explicación, rectificación, recapitulación y distanciamiento. Basándonos en la conmutabilidad funcional (semántica y pragmática de estos marcadores, se procedió a su análisis cuantitativo, según las variables sexo, edad y nivel educacional de los informantes. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que las partículas o sea, igual y al final, así como el subtipo de los reformuladores explicativos, son los más frecuentes. Asimismo, el factor edad de los sujetos es el más sensible al empleo de las partículas relevadas.

Primer registro del frutero pechinegro Pipreola lubomirskii (Aves, Cotingidae en la vertiente occidental de los Andes

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Letty Salinas

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El frutero pechinegro, Pipreola lubomirskii, es un cotíngido registrado como raro y de distribución local en los Andes del Norte. Antes del presente registro sólo había sido reportado para la vertiente oriental del Perú y Ecuador, así como los Andes del sur de Colombia. El presente registro amplia su distribución a los bosques montañosos de la vertiente occidental de los Andes peruanos, habiéndose encontrado en los bosques nublados del valle del río Zaña, en el departamento de Cajamarca (6º50’-6º52’ latitud S, 79º10’-79º07’ longitud O.

La gobernabilidad metropolitana de Santiago: la dispar relación de poder de los municipios

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ARTURO ORELLANA

2009-04-01

Full Text Available En ausencia de un gobierno metropolitano, las grandes ciudades que sostienen la problemática de una gestión multinivel, es decir, donde se sobrepone la acción del gobierno central, regional y de un conjunto significativo de municipios, generan un escenario complejo para la gobernabilidad en pro de un desarrollo urbano y territorial equilibrado. Desde esta perspectiva, la gran disparidad en la configuración socioterritorial que muestra el Área Metropolitana de Santiago constituye un reflejo de la estructura de poder sobre el espacio metropolitano, donde las comunas del cono oriente muestran un mejor posicionamiento para orientar las acciones públicas y privadas a favor del interés público de su población residenteIn the absence of metropolitan level government, large cities retain the problems associated with multilevel management whereby the activities of central government, regional government and numerous municipal governments overlap, generating in turn a complex scenario for governance in favour of balanced urban and regional development. From this perspective, the significant disparity in socio-spatial configuration within the Santiago Metropolitan Area reflects the structure of power within this metropolitan space, whereby municipalities in the eastern cone are better able to shape public and private actions in support of the public interests of their resident populations.

Mercado metropolitano de trabajo y desigualdades sociales en el Gran Santiago: ¿Una ciudad dual?

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Carlos A. de Mattos

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Los cambios estructurales en los mercados metropolitanos de trabajo bajo los procesos de reestructuración-informacionalización-globalización, se han situado como un tema central para el estudio de la transformación de las ciudades durante las últimas décadas. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo analiza los impactos que los procesos de modernización capitalista en Chile han tenido sobre su mercado de trabajo y sobre la evolución de la distribución del ingreso, y sobre esta base, observa sus efectos sobre la estructuración socio-territorial del Gran Santiago, discutiendo especialmente la pertinencia de la tesis de la dualización para este caso particular. Para ello, en una primera parte se esbozan los rasgos fundamentales de esta tesis, se analizan los fundamentos con los que ha sido presentada y las causas que se le atribuyen. En la segunda parte se revisan las principales transformaciones producidas en esta fase de modernización capitalista en Chile, y la evolución de las desigualdades sociales y la segregación urbana en el Gran Santiago a la luz de las transformaciones producidas en su mercado de trabajo. En la tercera y última parte, se plantea la discusión sobre la aplicabilidad de la tesis de la dualización al caso chileno

Contraceptive use and associated factors among adolescents on Santiago Island - Cape Verde - Western Africa Uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e fatores associados em adolescentes da Ilha de Santiago - Cabo Verde - África Ocidental

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Carlos Mendes Tavares

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use and associated factors among adolescents attending public schools on Santiago Island, Cape Verde. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 368 sexually active adolescents aged 13-17years attending eight public elementary and high schools, randomly selected, on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, between January and March 2007. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for the multiple analysis of risk factors, at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: among 368 adolescents, 69.3% reported having used a contraceptive method during the last act of sexual intercourse. The most frequently used method were condom (94.9% and pill (26.4%. Factors significantly and positively associated with contraceptive use were: living in the capital (PR=1.23; CI95%: 1.07; 1.39; having dated and had sexual intercourse (PR =1.53; CI95%: 1.14;2.06; and having more than nine years of schooling (PR=1.19; CI95%: 1.02; 1.38. CONCLUSIONS: more educated adolescents who studied in Praia (the capital city and were dating at the time of the study were more likely to use contraception. The high prevalence of condom use and the association between contraception use and years of schooling among adolescents may indicate that sexual and reproductive health policies have produced positive outcomes that may account for the decrease in HIV infection.OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência do uso de métodos anticoncepcionais (MAC e fatores associados entre adolescentes de escola pública na ilha de Santiago em Cabo Verde. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, realizado entre janeiro e março de 2007, com amostra aleatória de 368 adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos de idade, com vida sexual ativa, provenientes de oito escolas secundárias públicas da ilha de Santiago. Para análise múltipla dos fatores de risco foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson ajustada pela estimativa robusta de variância considerando-se nível de signific

Elaboración de material didáctico para mejorar el aprendizaje en el área de matemáticas con los niños del séptimo año de Educación Básica de la escuela Daniel Villagómez, parroquia Tayuza, cantón Santiago, de la provincia de Morona Santiago 2010-2011

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Villalta López, Tránsito Guadalupe

2011-01-01

El presente trabajo trata de la elaboración de material didáctico para el área de matemáticas, específicamente para el séptimo año de educación básica de la escuela Daniel Villagómez, perteneciente a la parroquia Tayuza, cantón Santiago provincia de Morona Santiago, debido a que los niños y niñas tienen un bajo rendimiento en la asignatura de matemáticas y con el material didáctico se quiere promover un aprendizaje interactivo, mediante la manipulación y los profesores, pueden ver sus esfuerz...

El papel de la Unión Europea como exportadora del orden biopolítico occidental a través de la gestión internacional de crisis

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Diego Alejandro Hernández Acuña

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La Unión Europea (UE se ha constituido como un actor regional con alcance global en el mundo de las relaciones internacionales, lo que hace necesario un estudio de su rol en la gestión de crisis política y económica internacional. No obstante, las intervenciones en países terceros han estado caracterizadas por el establecimiento de principios y valores propios de la filosofía occidental como la democracia y el libre mercado. Un estudio desde la teoría del Imperio de Hardt y Negri, de la concepción de seguridad de la UE, los instrumentos que tiene la misma para intervenir y esto aplicado a los casos concretos de España, Portugal, Malí y Sudán del Sur, nos ayuda a entender cómo sus intervenciones están basadas en la expansión de la lógica de mando capitalista y democrática propia de Occidente.

Anglicism in the press of Santiago de Cuba city

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Yusnel Tabares-Tabares

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The preliminary findings from an unfinished investigation having a synchronic approach are presented. The objective of this study is to analyze the English loanwords that appear in the press of Santiago de Cuba city at the beginning of the XX century. This analysis will allow to draw significant conclusions concerning the presence of anglicisms in the Spanish spoken in Cuba. The methodology is based on a random revision of “El Cubano Libre” newspaper, at the time it is counted some aspects, namely: how many anglicisms were found, their typology, grammatical category, their frequency of appearance, and the year they were published in the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy.  Among the outstanding results is remarkable that few English loanwords were registered in the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, the topics more profitable to search were those of politics and sport, and the sort of anglicisms more frequent belong to the category of patent loanword.

LOCALIZACIONES PARA UNA ESPACIALIDAD: TERRITORIOS DE LA MIGRACIÓN PERUANA EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

OpenAIRE

Garcés H, Alejandro

2012-01-01

El siguiente artículo aborda algunas transformaciones del espacio urbano de santiago de Chile que son inducidas o producidas a partir del proceso de incremento del flujo migratorio peruano de los últimos 15 años. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica y a través de las biografías y trayectorias individuales de los migrantes y de la observación de sus usos y apropiaciones de los espacios urbanos, se ha detectado la configuración de éstos como locus proveedores de recursos para las nuevas comunidade...

Air pollution in Santiago (Chile) as studied by nuclear and other techniques. Appendix 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toro, P.; Cortes, E.

1995-01-01

The elemental characterization of the urban aerosol in Santiago and of a rural area using different non-destructive analytical techniques such as PIXE, NAA and XRF was performed. In addition, AAS was used for selected samples and intercomparison purposes. The distribution of selected elements on membrane filters was studied using XRF. To assure adequate quality of the analytical data, an analytical quality control exercise was planned and carried out. Furthermore, different analytical techniques were used for the determination of the same elements in the same sample as further quality control procedure. (author)

Arquitectura y pensamiento ilustrado en la catedral de Santiago: promotores y artífices

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Singul, Francisco

2012-01-01

El último cuarto del siglo XVIII fue una época de gran actividad contructiva en la catedral de Santiago. Durante el episcopado de Rajoy (1751-72) y Malvar (1783-95), la Basílica Jacobea fue el centro de una floreciente experiencia en el ámbito de la arquitectura de la Ilustración. La catedral –la fachada de la Azabachería, la capilla de la Comunión y los proyectos de reforma integral de espacios– evoca soluciones y formas tomadas de muchos de los edificios y maestros del mundo clá...

El ius Latii y la integración jurídica de Occidente: latinización vs. romanización

OpenAIRE

Espinosa Espinosa, David

2010-01-01

En base a los problemas de interpretación histórica que generan las comunidades de derecho latino, y apoyados en el análisis onomástico de la población residente en dichas comunidades, proponemos la idoneidad del empleo del término latinización, frente al tradicional concepto de romanización, para referirnos al proceso de integración jurídica de las poblaciones indígenas de Occidente en época romana.Considering the problems of historical interpretation that generate the communities of Latin r...

Voluntariado y Edades: Observaciones desde la juventud, adultez y vejez voluntaria de la ciudad de Santiago

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Nelson Sepúlveda Miranda

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El voluntariado, entendido como una manifestación de la colaboración, se construye a partir de los observadores que describen y explican su realidad. En este sentido, el presente texto abordará las comunicaciones más recurrentes sobre voluntariado, identificadas por jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores voluntarios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile; quienes, al producir comunicaciones colaborativas, construyen -a su vez- sus propias edades.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal and the Spanish school of neurology.

Science.gov (United States)

Andres-Barquin, Pedro J

2002-11-01

Advances in neurology are now possible thanks to the endeavours of a few scientists who in the past laid firm foundations for the study of the nervous system. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) was one such pioneer of brain exploration and is acknowledged as the founder of modern neuroscience. He described the structure and organisation of virtually all parts of the nervous system and developed theories, including the neuron doctrine and the law of functional polarisation, that are the cornerstones of neuroscience. In addition to devoting his life to research, Ramón y Cajal was a dedicated teacher and mentor and created a school that greatly contributed to the flourishing of neurology.

Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre occidental Mexico

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Lammertink, J.M.; Rojas-Tome, J.A.; Casillas-Orona, F.M.; Otto, R.L.

1996-01-01

The pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range in NW Mexico, have recently been recognized as an area of high endemism and biodiversity. Selective logging threatens three bird species endemic to this habitat, who depend on standing dead trees (snags). This report is based on an 11 month field survey that aimed to locate oldgrowth remnants and to assess the status of the endemic birds. Old-growth is defined here as a forest that has never been logged mechanically. Old-gr...

Factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, West Africa Fatores associados ao início da vida sexual e o uso de preservativo entre adolescentes da Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, África Ocidental

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Carlos Mendes Tavares

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The current study focuses on factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among teenagers on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, according to gender. This was a representative, probabilistic sample of 13-to-17-year-olds (n = 768 attending public secondary schools on Santiago Island in 2007. Associations were tested by test of proportion, Pearson's chi-square, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Factors related to sexual initiation among boys were: age over 14 years, Catholic religion, and alcohol consumption. For girls, the factors included: > 9 years of schooling and involvement in an affective-sexual relationship. Unlike other Sub-Saharan countries, this study showed a high prevalence of condom use during initial sexual activity. Adolescents are able to safely begin sexually active life if they have access to information, sex education, and other STD prevention and contraceptive methods. This study provides insights on the development of policies to reduce the vulnerability of the young population to STD/AIDS and the limits and challenges related to the promotion of condom use and sex education, focusing on unequal gender relations.Foram analisados fatores associados ao início da vida sexual de adolescentes na Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, segundo sexo. Estudo realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 768 adolescentes, age 13-17 anos, de escolas secundárias públicas da Ilha de Santiago em 2007. A associação foi testada pelo teste de proporção, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística. Nos rapazes, os fatores associados ao início da vida sexual foram: idade maior que 14 anos, ser católico e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Para meninas: escolaridade maior que nove anos e ter parceiro afetivo-sexual. Ao contrário de outros contextos da África Subsaariana, foram constatadas taxas elevadas de uso de preservativo por adolescentes no início da vida sexual. Os adolescentes podem iniciar a

Religiosidad en Al-Andalus: el hombre santo en el Islam occidental

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Rodríguez Mediano, Fernando

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Hagiographical literature in Western Islam is abundant from the 12th-13th centuries onward, and is tied to the introduction and expansión of sufism in al-Andalus and Morocco. In this paper I analyse three hagiographical texts from al-Andalus in order to understand how the authority of a holy man is constructed from two perspectives: fear of his miraculous power and love inspired in his followers. Through these two passions, love and fear, one can infer the existence of a political and religious pattern for authoritarian relationships in Western Islam.Los siglos XII y XIII son fundamentales para la expansión del sufismo en el Occidente musulmán y para la creación de una tradición hagiográfica puramente magrebí. En este artículo se utilizan tres textos hagiográficos andalusíes de esa época para analizar cómo se construye la autoridad del hombre santo desde una doble perspectiva: la del miedo a la acción del santo y la del amor que inspira. A través de estas pasiones se puede rastrear la existencia de un modelo de autoridad que es a la vez religioso y político.

ANÁLISIS DE LA INTERACCIÓN HUMANO-ESTRUCTURA EN PUENTES PEATONALES DE SANTIAGO DE CALI

OpenAIRE

SÁNCHEZ, JHON ANDERSON; GÓMEZ, DANIEL; THOMSON, PETER

2013-01-01

En la actualidad, el incremento de la resistencia en nuevos materiales y las mayores luces entre apoyos hacen que los puentes peatonales sean más susceptibles a problemas de vibraciones excesivas. Infortunadamente las provisiones de las normas colombianas son limitadas para el diseño o rehabilitación de estas estructuras. En este artículo se presenta una clasificación de los puentes peatonales en Santiago de Cali que permite comparar efectos de la Interacción Humano-Estructura, aceleraciones ...

Factores predictores del consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes del Colegio Universitario Santiago de Cali, 2005

OpenAIRE

Yamileth Ortiz-Gómez; Jorge Martín Rodríguez-Hernández

2009-01-01

Objetivos: Identificar los factores predictores del consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes del Colegio Santiago de Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 286 adolescentes matriculados y activos de grado 6 a 9 en el año lectivo 2005. A partir de la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco, se estimaron diferencias para las variables independientes con Ji2 y valores P. Los factores predictores fueron establecidos con un modelo logístico no condicional, previa evaluación d...

Asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y la "Lima Chica" en Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Luque Brazán, José Carlos

2007-01-01

El presente trabajo describe y examina la emergencia y desarrollo de tres asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y su relación con el surgimiento de un "vecindario cultural", conocido por sus habitantes, la prensa chilena y algunos investigadores como la "Lima Chica", en Santiago de Chile. Nos referimos al Comité de Refugiados Peruanos en Chile, a la Asociación de Inmigrantes por la Integración Latinoamericana y del Caribe (APILA) y al Programa Andino para la Dignidad Humana (Proandes...

36 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct. 6-9 2010 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

The Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE) is a non-profit association, made up of professionals and institutions in order to promote awareness and dissemination of science and nuclear technology. The 36th meeting of the SNE was held in Santiago de Compostela between 6 and 8 October 2010. Participants discussed the situation of nuclear energy and its challenges, the development of electric cars and their distributional implications, and the study of nuclear advertising on other countries and their potential application to the case of Spain.

USO DE BIOSÓLIDOS EN LA REHABILITACIÓN DE ÁREA EN EL RELLENO SANITARIO SANTIAGO PONIENTE-CHILE

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Lucrecia Brutti

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se evalúan distintas especies herbáceas como estabilizadoras de taludes sobre una mezcla de suelo con biosólidos en el Relleno Sanitario Santiago Poniente en Santiago, Región Metropolitana (Chile, con el fin de recuperar el suelo. Se determina el comportamiento de cuatro tratamientos, tres corresponden a diferentes mezclas herbáceas más uno que actuó como testigo, la mezcla de suelo utilizada contenía un 15% de biosólido. Se utilizó un diseño estadístico de Cuadrado Latino, con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: temperatura del suelo del ensayo, producción de materia verde y seca de raíces, nodulación de raíces de leguminosas y cuantificación de malezas. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA, donde la significancia de las diferencias entre tratamientos fueron determinadas a través de un test de rango múltiple de Duncan (P<0,05. La incorporación de 15% de biosólidos a un suelo pobre produce efectos positivos para el establecimiento del prado.

Expectativas hacia la jubilación del personal de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Retirement expectations of the staff of the University of Santiago de Compostela

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Ana María Cal Crespo

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Involucrados en la importancia que el fenómeno jubilación tiene en la actualidad, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio sobre las expectativas hacia la misma de un grupo de trabajadores de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC, cuestionando parámetros como edad de jubilación, sostenibilidad del Sistema de Pensiones, y motivados especialmente en la repercusión subjetiva sobre los individuos, a través de la administración de un cuestionario que mide actividad, vinculación social, expectativas hacia la jubilación y satisfacción laboral y vital, junto con variables de identificación personal (edad, sexo, estado civil, etc. A través del programa estadístico SPSS realizamos un análisis descriptivo entre las variables de estudio, lo que nos ha llevado a concluir que las actitudes hacia la jubilación son de esperanza e ilusión, con un interés manifiesto por seguir en la vida activa, donde el mayor temor suscitado es ver limitado el poder adquisitivo.Since we are involved in the importance of the retirement nowadays, questioning parameters as age of retirement, sustainability of pension systems, and we pay special attention on the subjective impact on individuals, we have carried out an study about the expectations on retirement, among a group of workers in the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC. In order to do so, we have made a survey, measuring activity, social link, expectations on retirement and labour and vital satisfaction, as well as personal identification variables (age, sex, marital status, etc. By using the SPSS software, we made a descritpive analysis among the variables of study. This lead us to conclude that the attitude about retirement is hope. We also found a stated interest to continue the active life. The biggest fear is to see a restriction of the purchasing power.

Exercises to improve the decision making of judokas youth of Santiago de Cuba

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Gerardo Antonio Rodríguez-Vázquez

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The weaknesses identified in the EIDE "Captain Orestes Acosta" in Santiago de Cuba in the process of tactical preparation in judo in female youth category motivated the author to develop an investigation with the following scientific problem: How to encourage perfect Offensive making decisions in combating youth team athletes Judo? The objective of this research is the refine of special exercises to promote the development of decision-making in combating youth team athletes Judo. Different theoretical and empirical methods were used to evidence the weaknesses identified. It further emphasizes the novelty of the proposal to use special exercises imbalance, defense, counterattack and combinations favoring decisions in combat.

El comercio informal de calle en las comunas Santiago y Concepción

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Mônica Virginia De Souza

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los resultados de la investigación empírica sobre el comercio callejero de las comunas de Santiago y Concepción realizada entre marzo de 2015 y febrero de 2016. Dichos resultados fundamentaron la elaboración de un Mapa del comercio informal de calle y contribuyeron a la identificación de aspectos importantes de ese fenómeno, como su extensión sobre el territorio, el número de trabajadores involucrados, rasgos del comportamiento de dichos trabajadores y la relación de esa actividad con el espacio urbano.

The time of things. About La Ausencia of Santiago Porter

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Paola Cortes-Rocca

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In his photographic work The Absence, Santiago Porter gathers portraits and objects: photographs of relatives of the victims of the attack on Argentina Israelite Mutual Association in 1994 and objects that used to belong to the deaths. Far from referentiality and witnessing, the work of Porter reviews the gaze as a way of encountering the other and as a bond that solidifies certain forms of the community. The photographic image is marked by reality: not because as proof of existence, or due to its resemblance to what it shows, but because it is subject to time. The real (as a temporal and special net gets into the photographic image, it is its condition and its materiality. Photography challenges the tripartite organization of time: images do not follow each other, they die and survive in ways that differs to those of other species.

Is urban agriculture urban green space? A comparison of policy arrangements for urban green space and urban agriculture in Santiago de Chile

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Contesse, Maria; Vliet, van B.J.M.; Lenhart, J.

2018-01-01

Urban green spaces are crucial for citizens’ wellbeing. Nonetheless, many Latin American cities struggle to provide sufficient and equitable green space distribution for their citizens. By looking at the Chilean capital Santiago as an example, this paper examines whether the growing urban

PESOS QUE GANÉ CON MI INTELIGENCIA. DOÑA MARÍA DEL CAMPO LANTADILLA, UNA ADELANTADA (SANTIAGO, SIGLO XVII

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María Luisa Chiu Stange

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo aporta antecedentes biográficos de una vecina de Santiago, vinculada familiarmente a comerciantes de alto nivel primero, y a funcionarios públicos después. Especialmente describe sus actividades en el ámbito económico, con hincapié en la explotación de una chacra y en la producción y comercialización de vino.

Scorpion envenoming in Morona Santiago, Amazonian Ecuador: Molecular phylogenetics confirms involvement of the Tityus obscurus group.

Science.gov (United States)

Román, Juan P; García, Fernanda; Medina, Doris; Vásquez, Manolo; García, José; Graham, Matthew R; Romero-Alvarez, Daniel; Pardal, Pedro P de Oliveira; Ishikawa, Edna A Y; Borges, Adolfo

2018-02-01

Scorpion envenoming by species in the genus Tityus is hereby reported from rural locations in the Amazonian province of Morona Santiago, southeastern Ecuador. Twenty envenoming cases (18 patients under 15 years of age) including one death (a 4-year-old male) were recorded at the Macas General Hospital, Morona Santiago, between January 2015 and December 2016 from the counties of Taisha (n=17), Huamboyo (n=1), Palora (n=1), and Logroño (n=1). An additional fatality from 2014 (a 3-year-old female from Nayantza, Taisha county) is also reported. Leukocytosis and low serum potassium levels were detected in most patients. We observed a significant negative correlation between leukocytosis and hypokalemia. Scorpions involved in three accidents from Macuma, Taisha County, were identified as genetically related to Tityus obscurus from the Brazilian Amazonian region based on comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I. These cases, along with previously reported envenoming from northern Manabí, reinforce the notion that scorpionism is a health hazard for children in Ecuador and emphasizes the need to supply effective antivenoms against local species, which are not currently available. The genetic affinity of the Ecuadorian specimens with T. obscurus may underlay toxinological, clinical, and venom antigenic relationships among Amazonian scorpions that deserves further exploration for designing therapeutic strategies to treat scorpionism in the region. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estudios biológicos sobre Coroebus undatus (Fabricius) y Coroebus florentinus (Herbst) (Coleoptera,Buprestidae) en alcornoques de Andalucía Occidental

OpenAIRE

Soria Iglesias, Francisco Javier

1990-01-01

Coroebus undatus (fabr.) y coroebus florentinus (herbst) son dos coleópteros de la familia buprestidae considerados unos de los mas importantes enemigos del alcornoque (quercus suber). El presente trabajo recoge una serie de actividades centradas en estudios que aporten datos sobre la biología y ecología de estas dos especies en alcornocales de Andalucía occidental, en la confianza de que puedan ser útiles para su aplicación a la hora de un futuro control de ambas. El trabajo se ha dividido b...

INMIGRACIÓN Y RACISMO: EXPERIENCIAS DE LA NIÑEZ PERUANA EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

OpenAIRE

Pavez Soto,Iskra

2012-01-01

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las experiencias de discriminación y racismo que han vivido las niñas y los niños peruanos inmigrantes en Santiago de Chile, a partir de la perspectiva de género y la comprensión teórica de la sociología de la infancia, que entiende a este como grupo social con capacidad de agencia. Se constata que el contexto social y económico determina situaciones de precariedad y exclusión para las familias peruanas; un escenario que agudiza la discriminación y el ...

la dimensión regional en la política para la economía campesina: el caso del occidente antioqueño

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Jorge Lotero

1990-07-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los principales planteamientos metodológicos necesarios para abordar la política para la economía campesina en una perspectiva regional. Después de algunas consideraciones sobre la dimensión espacial en el Programa de Desarrollo Rural Integrado -DRl-, se examina la región del occidente antioqueño, la mayoría de cuyos municipios hacen parte del nuevo Plan de Desarrollo Integral Campesino -PIC-.

Diversidad de especies vegetales en fincas de la agricultura suburbana en Santiago de Cuba

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Belyani Vargas Batis

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen La investigación tuvo lugar con el objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de la diversidad de especies arvenses y arbóreas y arbustivas en cuatro fincas de la agricultura suburbana de Santiago de Cuba. Se delimitaron parcelas de 100 m2 para el conteo de las especies presentes en el área. Identificadas las especies se elaboró un listado florístico y se calcularon los indicadores de diversidad Alfa Riqueza de especies (S, Dominancia (Simpson D y Diversidad general (Shannon H´. En el caso de la diversidad Beta se tuvieron en cuenta los índices de Jaccard (Ij, Morisita-Horn (IM-H y Subordinación Ecológica (SE. Se registraron62 509 individuos pertenecientes a 65 familias, 154 géneros y 183 especies. Para ambos grupos de especies los indicadores de diversidad Alfa mostraron una tendencia al aumento de un período al otro con valores dentro del rango establecido para cada indicador, excepto para la finca La Caballería donde el índice de Shannon H´ no estuvo dentro del establecido para una correcta diversidad y abundancia en la época poco lluviosa. Los indicadores de la diversidad Beta arrojaron disimilitud entre las muestras que se comparan lo que evidencia la presencia de especies específicas adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales del lugar. Plant diversity on farm of sub urban agriculture in Santiago de Cuba. ABSTRACT The research was carried out to evaluate the performance of the diversity of weeds and tree and shrub species in four farms of suburban agriculture Santiago de Cuba. Plots of 100 m2 were sampled for counting the species. Identified plant species list was developed and diversity indicators were calculated alfa (α species richness (S, Dominance (Simpson D and General Diversity (Shannon H'. In the case of the beta (β diversity indices Jaccard (Ij, Morisita-Horn (IM-H and Subordination Environment (SE were taken into account. 62 509 individuals belonging to 65 families, 154 genera and 183 species were recorded. For

‘Santiago no es Chile’ : cambio socioinstitucional, inequidades territoriales y políticas públicas para el desarrollo regional, 1990-2010

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Veyl Ahumada, Iván Marcelo

2015-01-01

This dissertation deals with the unequal power relation between Santiago, the Chilean capital city, and the Northern region of Tarapacá in the period 1990-2010. Chile is one of the most centralized countries in Latin America. Since the 1990s decentralization process has been started including a

Dinámicas migratorias transnacionales: el caso de los inmigrantes sudamericanos en Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Baeza Virgilio, Pablo

2016-01-01

La presente investigación se centra en la inmigración sudamericana en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se analizan los elementos políticos, económicos y sociales que conforman el espacio social de incorporación en el que los inmigrantes se insertan. A través de los datos producidos por una encuesta, identificamos las características, magnitud e intensidades de las prácticas transnacionales que los inmigrantes sudamericanos despliegan en la ciudad como parte de sus estrategias de incorporación....

Indios urbanos: inmigraciones, alteridad y ladinización en Santiago de Chile (siglos XVI-XVII

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Jaime Valenzuela Márquez

2014-05-01

Full Text Available During the period following the Conquista and when the Santiago de Chile's urban society was formed, one can observe various indigenous peoples that migrated to the city: Andinos, Huarpes of Cuyo, Juries from Tucaman, and Mapuche-Huilliches from the south of the Kingdom of Chile. The objective of this article is to show the great geographic and ethnic diversity of the city by studying the arrival, deployment and mobility of these actors and their descendants, as well as their forms of settlement and their strategies for integration.

Sociedad occidental al sur: entre conocimiento, riesgo y miedo. Reflexiones en perspectiva bioética y de salud pública.

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Fabio Rivas Muñoz

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La sociedad actual recibe, entre otras denominaciones, modernidad tardía o reflexiva, y sociedad del conocimiento. A fin de explicarla se acude a múltiples abordajes pero sobre todo se advierte su complejidad y su intrincado sistema de relaciones. Se han buscado respuestas a sus más grandes problemas no sólo en la sociología sino también en las variadas formas de combinar análisis sociales con análisis políticos, económicos, culturales y filosóficos. Un papel relevante y difundido juega Ulrich Beck al caracterizar la sociedad del riesgo. Para él, la segunda modernidad tiene que ver con la forma como en occidente se ha ido presentando un cambio en las ideas impulsoras que preconizaban el progreso, el control, el pleno empleo y la explotación de la naturaleza. Fenómenos como la industrialización y el mercado dentro del capitalismo, para mencionar sólo uno de los procesos más influyentes en la sociedad moderna, han desembocado en la globalización, la individualización, la revolución de géneros, el subempleo y las amenazas planetarias, las cuales van conformando su perspectiva de la sociedad del riesgo, como la denomina Beck. Hay, sin embargo, un occidente al norte y otro al sur. Esto igualmente plantea desafíos, nuevas dinámicas y preguntas sobre el mundo y la supervivencia, pero también sobre aspectos centrales para los seres humanos, entre ellos, la salud. ¿Cuáles son las razones para prestar tanta atención al riesgo y que este, a su vez, se inmiscuya en todos los planos de la sociedad? ¿Cómo enfrentar los retos que la sociedad del riesgo plantea al área asistencial? ¿Qué implicaciones tiene hablar de conocimiento, riesgo, miedo y también desconocimiento en la atención en salud? Estas son sólo algunas de las preguntas que surgen de la dinámica social actual. En esta reflexión se tendrán en cuenta las características de la sociedad del riesgo enunciadas por Beck y su relación con los análisis de expertos en

Climas urbanos y contaminación atmosférica en Santiago de Chile

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Hugo Romero

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre temperaturas urbanas y concentraciones de material particulado a una escala que representa la totalidad de la ciudad, destacando su división en dos zonas bien delimitadas, que ubicadas al oriente y poniente de la misma, durante los días de ocurrencia de las peores condiciones de contaminación atmosférica. A escala más detallada, que representa a tipos característicos de morfología urbana, se correlacionan los usos y coberturas de suelos con los niveles de vegetación y las temperaturas de las llamadas "subzonas climáticas", en las comunas de Peñalolén, Santiago Centro y Cerrillos, que representan diversas localizaciones en los espacios naturales y socioeconómicos de la ciudad, concluyéndose que existen áreas de condiciones adversas para la población y configuraciones que resaltan su heterogeneidad y diversidad.Current relationships between urban temperatures and particulate matter concentrations at a scale that is representative of the whole city have been analyzed, highlighting a clear division in two zones, the eastern and western part of the city during the days that register the worst air pollution. On a more detailed scale, based on characteristic urban morphology types, land uses and extensions are correlated with vegetation cover and surface temperatures in so-called climatic sub-zones, in the municipalities of Peñalolén, Santiago Centro and Cerrillos, that represent different urban locations, natural cover and socioeconomic variables across the city. The article concludes that there are areas with adverse conditions for the population and configurations that highlight the heterogeneity and diversity of these municipalities.

Test Review: Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV

Science.gov (United States)

Chu, Yiting; Lai, Mark H. C.; Xu, Yining; Zhou, Yuanyuan

2012-01-01

The authors review the "Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV". The "Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition" (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008) and the "Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition" (WMS-IV; Wechsler, 2009) was published by Pearson in 2009. It is a…

ABANDONO Y VAGABUNDAJE INFANTIL EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE. 1930-1950

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Sandra Poblete Naumann

2011-10-01

Full Text Available La sociedad chilena de la primera mitad del siglo XX, experimentó diversas y profundas transformaciones agudizándose algunos problemas que aunque existentes con anterioridad no habían alcanzado una trascendencia socio-económica y política tan significativa. Uno de ellos fue el problema del abandono y vagabundaje infantil que cobró mayor intensidad precisamente entre las décadas de 1930 y 1950. La Gran Depresión y la crisis económica producidas por la Segunda Guerra Mundial, generaron un fuerte crecimiento industrial en el país. Sin embargo, este fenómeno asociado a un sostenido proceso de modernización y urbanización arrastró consigo solamente a ciertos sectores y, por ende, gran parte de la sociedad siguió enfrentada a grandes contrastes y desequilibrios, surgiendo importantes cordones marginales especialmente en torno a la ciudad de Santiago.

Direct complexonometric determination of thorium (IV), uranium (IV), neptunium (IV), plutonium (IV) by titration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid with xylenol orange as indicator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rykov, A.G.; Piskunov, E.M.; Timofeev, G.A.

1975-01-01

The purpose of the present work was to develop a method of determining Th(IV), U(IV), Np(N) and Pu(IV) in acid solutions by titration with diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid, the indicator being xylenol orange. It has been established that Th, U, Np and Pu can be determined to within 0.5-1.5%. Th and U in quantities of tens of milligrams can be determined with greater accuracy, attaining hundredths of one per cent. During titration the determination is not hindered by singly- and doubly-charged metal ions, trivalent lanthanides and actinides, except plutonium. The proposed method can be used to determine U(IV) in the presence of considerable quantities of U(VI) and Np(IV) in the presence of Np(V). Total concentrations of uranium or neptunium are determined by reducing uranium (VI) or neptunium (V) by a standard method (for example, using metallic lead, cadmium or zinc amalgam) to the tetravalent state and applying the method described in the paper. (E.P.)

Morbilidad geriátrica en el Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba Geriatric morbidity in "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba

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Graciela Trinidad Tejera Ibarra

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal de 130 pacientes mayores de 65 años, seleccionados a través del método aleatorio simple durante su ingreso en la Sala de Geriatría del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, de junio a diciembre del 2011, con vistas a identificar las principales causas de morbilidad en estos ancianos. En la serie la mayoría de los integrantes correspondieron al sexo masculino, con predominio del grupo etario de 65-69 años, y se destacaron las enfermedades respiratorias como originarias de morbilidad, fundamentalmente la bronconeumonía, seguidas en menor frecuencia de las afecciones cardiovasculares y las neoplásicas, de las cuales sobresalieron, con un número superior de afectados, la hipertensión arterial y el cáncer de pulmón, respectivamente. Se calculó la tasa de prevalencia para expresar la morbilidad y como unidad de resumen estadístico se empleó el porcentaje.A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 130 patients older than 65 years, selected through simple random method during their admission to the Geriatrics Department of "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from June to December 2011, in order to identify the main causes of morbidity in these elderly. In the series most of the patients were male with prevalence of the age group of 65-69 years, and respiratory diseases as cause of morbidity, mainly bronchopneumonia, followed by a lesser frequency of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases predominated, of them hypertension and lung cancer prevailed with a higher number of patients, respectively. Rate of prevalence was estimated to express the morbidity and as statistical summary unit, percentage was used.

Restaurantes peruanos en Santiago de Chile: construcción de un paisaje de la migración

OpenAIRE

Walter Alejandro Imilan

2014-01-01

The text addresses the relationship between migration, insertion strategies and transformations of urban space. It argues that the proliferation of Peruvian-cuisine restaurants in Santiago forms a landscape of migration that operates both as a transversal insertion strategy for different segments of the Peruvian population and as a form of recognition of them as "other" on the part of Chilean society. Based on a quantitative and qualitative study, the article describes the main features in th...

Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala

OpenAIRE

David Chen; Álvaro Rivera-Andrade; Jessica González; David Burt; Carlos Mendoza-Montano; James Patrie; Max Luna

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometri...

[Factors Related to the Disability Burden in People with Suicidal Attempts Attended in the Public Health Care Service Network of Santiago de Cali].

Science.gov (United States)

Alzate, Elvis Siprián Castro; Martínez, Alejandro Castillo

2013-03-01

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the aftermaths of suicide attempts are the sixth leading cause of poor health and disability in the world. Establish the level of disability and related factors in terms of restrictions regarding participation and activity limitations in cases of suicidal attempts attended by the Public Service Network Health of Santiago de Cali, from September 2009 to June 2010. A cross-section, observational study was applied to 126 people between 15 and 65 who had attempted suicide and were treated at the Public Health Service in Santiago de Cali. A Spanish version of the Disability Assessment Scale of the World Health Organization 30 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated together with a disability prevalence of 95.3%. 4.6% of the sample did not show disability while 41.27% had mild disability, 38.1%, moderate disability, and 15.87%, severe disability. Factors related with disability were: Age, occupation, presence of mental illness, current depressive symptoms, lethal methods, use of psychiatric drugs, activity limitations, participation restrictions and lack of religious practice. The prevalence of disability in people who have committed suicidal attempts treated at the public health services in Santiago de Cali, was 95.3%. The results are consistent with the study of global burden of disease that establishes a high score for mental disorders in suicidal attempts. The presence of a deficiency after the suicide attempt increases the burden of disability. Copyright © 2013 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Measurements of children's exposures to particles and nitrogen dioxide in Santiago, Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas-Bracho, Leonora; Suh, Helen H.; Koutrakis, Petros; Oyola, Pedro

2002-01-01

An exposure study of children (aged 10-12 years) living in Santiago, Chile, was conducted. Personal, indoor and outdoor fine and inhalable particulate matter ( 2.5 and 10 , respectively), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were measured during pilot (N=8) and main (N=20) studies, which were conducted during the winters of 1998 and 1999, respectively. For the main study, personal indoor and outdoor 24-h samples were collected for five consecutive days. Similar mean personal, indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations (69.5, 68.5 and 68.1 μg m -3 , respectively) were found. However, for coarse particles (calculated as the difference between measured PM 10 and PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 ) indoor and outdoor levels (35.4 and 47.4 μg m -3 ) were lower than their corresponding personal exposures (76.3 μg m -3 ). Indoor and outdoor NO 2 concentrations were comparable (35.8 and 36.9 ppb) and higher than personal exposures (25.9 ppb). Very low ambient indoor and personal O 3 levels were found, which were mostly below the method's limit of detection (LOD). Outdoor particles contributed significantly to indoor concentrations, with effective penetration efficiencies of 0.61 and 0.30 for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , respectively. Personal exposures were strongly associated with indoor and outdoor concentrations for PM 2.5 , but weakly associated for PM 2.5-10 . For NO 2 , weak associations were obtained for indoor-outdoor and personal-outdoor relationships. This is probably a result of the presence of gas cooking stoves in all the homes. Median I/O, P/I and P/O ratios for PM 2.5 were close to unity, and for NO 2 they ranged between 0.64 and 0.95. These ratios were probably due to high ambient PM 2.5 and NO 2 levels in Santiago, which diminished the relative contribution of indoor sources and subjects' activities to indoor and personal PM 2.5 and NO 2 levels

Actitudes lingüísticas en Santiago de Chile

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Darío Rojas

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santiago, hacia al español de Chile y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes: El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Entre nuestros hallazgos, destacan los siguientes: 1 los santiaguinos muestran seguridad lingüística en comparación con variedades regionales del español de Chile, pero una gran inseguridad cuando se comparan con el habla de otros países; 2 sus actitudes se ven influenciadas tanto por características lingüísticas (modelo ideal de lengua, conservador y de raigambre colonial como por características extralingüísticas (estatus social; 3 el concepto de mayor peso dentro de la ideología lingüística de los santiaguinos es la corrección idiomática, que se articula con otros dos conceptos clave: el de unidad lingüística y el de entendimiento (o comprensión lingüística. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from Santiago, towards Spanish spoken in Chile and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Our main findings are the following: 1 Santiaguinos show linguistic confidence when they compare their speech to regional varieties of Chilean Spanish, but they show great insecurity when they compare their speech to those of other

Gender Equality and Women Empowerment Gleaned in the Selected Speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago

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Maria Luisa A. Valdez

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Gender inequality and the resulting discrimination of women are deeply rooted in history, culture and tradition. It is said to be detrimental to the mental health of women and persists as a debilitating stigma which lowers their dignity and sense of self-worth. Thus, this qualitative research was conducted to underscore the issue of gender equality and women empowerment as core topics in selected speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. Findings of the analysis showed that the issue of gender gap in the Philippines was manifested and discussed forthrightly by the senator in her speeches in terms of educational attainment, health and survival, economic participation and opportunity, and political empowerment, all being effectively touched by the senator with the signature wit, eloquence, astuteness and passion she was widely known for; that gender equality and women empowerment were likewise gleaned in the selected speeches, all of which were delivered by Miriam Defensor Santiago with the motive of persuading her audience to espouse the same advocacy, and this she achieved through her unique and distinct style of utilizing the persuasive ability of literature; and, that the implications of the author's advocacy on gender equality and gender empowerment delegated the monumental task upon the shoulders of the Filipino youth, in ways that their thinking will be directly influenced by her advocacy and thus promote within them a sense of urgency to embrace and espouse the same advocacies in order for them to be able to contribute to nation building.

Temporal evolution of main ambient PM2. 5 sources in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2012

Science.gov (United States)

Barraza, Francisco; Lambert, Fabrice; Jorquera, Héctor; María Villalobos, Ana; Gallardo, Laura

2017-08-01

The inhabitants of Santiago, Chile have been exposed to harmful levels of air pollutants for decades. The city's poor air quality is a result of steady economic growth, and stable atmospheric conditions adverse to mixing and ventilation that favor the formation of oxidants and secondary aerosols. Identifying and quantifying the sources that contribute to the ambient levels of pollutants is key for designing adequate mitigation measures. Estimating the evolution of source contributions to ambient pollution levels is also paramount to evaluating the effectiveness of pollution reduction measures that have been implemented in recent decades. Here, we quantify the main sources that have contributed to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) between April 1998 and August 2012 in downtown Santiago by using two different source-receptor models (PMF 5.0 and UNMIX 6.0) that were applied to elemental measurements of 1243 24 h filter samples of ambient PM2.5. PMF resolved six sources that contributed to ambient PM2. 5, with UNMIX producing similar results: motor vehicles (37.3 ± 1.1 %), industrial sources (18.5 ± 1.3 %), copper smelters (14.4 ± 0.8 %), wood burning (12.3 ± 1.0 %), coastal sources (9.5 ± 0.7 %) and urban dust (3.0 ± 1.2 %). Our results show that over the 15 years analyzed here, four of the resolved sources significantly decreased [95 % confidence interval]: motor vehicles 21.3 % [2.6, 36.5], industrial sources 39.3 % [28.6, 48.4], copper smelters 81.5 % [75.5, 85.9], and coastal sources 58.9 % [38.5, 72.5], while wood burning did not significantly change and urban dust increased by 72 % [48.9, 99.9]. These changes are consistent with emission reduction measures, such as improved vehicle emission standards, cleaner smelting technology, introduction of low-sulfur diesel for vehicles and natural gas for industrial processes, public transport improvements, etc. However, it is also apparent that the mitigation expected from the above regulations has been partially

GEOPROCESSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO UTILIZADO NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTIAGO-RS

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Lueni Gonçalves Terra

2016-03-01

Full Text Available O geoprocessamento é uma ferramenta que tem sido utilizada em larga escala em estudos ambientais, pois permite a extração de informações com rapidez e acurácia. Estudos de fragilidade ambiental norteiam meios e condições para que todos os objetivos da conservação ambiental possam ser alcançados de forma harmônica. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a fragilidade ambiental do município de Santiago-RS, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Realizou-se um mapeamento temático da declividade, uso e ocupação da terra, tipo de solo e geologia, a partir da metodologia proposta por Ross (1994, logo foram atribuídos pesos de importância para cada um dos fatores e realizou-se uma álgebra de mapas. O resultado destacou que Santiago apresenta uma fragilidade média em 33,8% e muito alta em 29,3% da área estudada, fator que está associado a fatores antropogênicos, como urbanização e solo exposto. A partir dos estudos de fragilidade ambiental foi possível apontar as áreas onde a vulnerabilidade ambiental é considerada alta, possibilitando um melhor planejamento ambiental e auxílio para instituição de políticas públicas de ordenamento territorial.

El tema del viaje al mundo de los muertos en la Odisea y su tradición en la literatura occidental

OpenAIRE

Linares Sánchez, Jorge Juan

2017-01-01

En el presente trabajo analizamos el tema del viaje al mundo de los muertos en la Odisea (la Nékyia del canto XI y la Deuteronékyia en el canto XXIV) y su pervivencia en las diferentes etapas de la literatura occidental, desde la Antigüedad clásica hasta la Edad Contemporánea. Metodología Nuestro trabajo combina el método filológico y el comparativo. Examinamos múltiples reelaboraciones sobre el viaje al mundo de los muertos a fin de identificar los diversos procedimientos mediante los que el...

Management Information Systems for Faculty Allocations in Institutions of Higher Education: A Case Study for the Universidad de Santiago de Chile.

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Karadima, Oscar

The transformation of the present manual system of data manipulation at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile into a computer-based information system capable of supporting decision making is proposed. The information system would be used to determine the number of faculty required by each academic department, based on the number of weekly hours…

Characterization of airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile. Part 1: design, sampling and analysis for an experimental campaign

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toro E, P.

1995-01-01

This work describes the siting and sampling procedures of collecting airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile, determining its chemical composition and daily behaviour. The airborne particulate matter was collected onto polycarbonate membranes, one of fine pore and other of coarse pore, using Pm 10 samplers. The material was analyzed using neutron activation analysis., proton induced X ray emission, X ray fluorescence, voltametry, atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatography and isotope dilution. (author). 1 tab

Prevalencia de hipertransaminasemia con tratamiento antituberculoso en el Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara" 2016.

OpenAIRE

Alberca Canelo, Yeny Valmeri

2016-01-01

Determina la prevalencia de hipertransaminasemia en pacientes con tratamiento antituberculoso en el Centro Médico Naval “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara”. El presente estudio busca identificar las características de la hipertransaminasemia, conocer su porcentaje e identificar los factores de riesgo en pacientes con tratamiento antituberculoso puesto que se viene observando un mayor número de pacientes que presentan hipertransaminasemia lo cual genera la suspensión del tratamiento contra la tub...

To Trade or Not to Trade: Firm-Level Analysis of Emissions Trading in Santiago, Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coria, Jessica; Loefgren, Aasa; Sterner, Thomas

2009-01-01

Whether tradable permits are appropriate for use in transition and developing economies - given special social and cultural circumstances, such as the lack of institutions and lack of expertise with market-based policies - is much debated. We conducted interviews and surveyed a sample of firms subject to emissions trading programs in Santiago, Chile, one of the first cities outside the OECD that has implemented such trading. The information gathered allow us to study what factors affect the performance of the trading programs in practice and the challenges and advantages of applying tradable permits in less developed countries

¿Hemisferio occidental dividido? O bien: ¿Hasta dónde llega México?

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Marianne Braig

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Una vez más, el hemisferio occidental es objeto de redefiniciones. En las diversas construcciones del espacio, como lo expondremos más claramente abajo, se manifiestan importantes diferencias que resultan de las representaciones que se tengan del hemisferio como un todo común o escindido. En esa controversia corresponde a México, como tierra fronteriza entre el Norte y el Sur, como un mundo intermedio que no es claramente determinable geográficamente, un papel central. ¿Se desplaza del Sur el país –desde 1994 perteneciente al Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC de Norteamérica y desde 2002 a la zona militar del Northern Command de EE.UU.– acaparado por Norteamérica, o experimenta Norteamérica una mexicanización (no sólo por los mexicanos, que, como teme Huntington, no sólo transforma el idioma y los hábitos lingüísticos, sino también la cultura, la política, la justicia y el comercio?

Fishery of the short-necked clam Paphia undulata in Southern Negros Occidental, Central Philippines

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Karen A. Villarta

2010-06-01

Full Text Available This study documents the fishery of the short-necked clam Paphia undulata in coastal waters of southern Negros Occidental. Catch and effort estimates were determined based on daily records of compressor divers gathered between February-July 2008 in Himamaylan City and July 2008-May 2009 in the town of Hinigaran. Fishing and marketing practices in both areas were also documented and population biology information noted.Compared to earlier conditions, present fishing patterns show a worsened stage of overexploitation primarily characterized by collection of predominantly small and immature (mostly <45 mm shell lengths sizes. Intensity/duration and location of fishing also varied due to both abundance and demand factors.The difference in sizes of clams and the varying fishing durations in each area suggest a non-uniform pattern of settlement resulting most likely from differential larval recruitment, the likely factors causing the local boom and bust fishery. The larger and long term extent of the effect of these factors can only be further investigated by parallel 2-3 year fishery-dependent and -independent surveys

Congenital bilateral neuroblastoma (stage IV-S): case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jeong Hee; Lee, Hee Jung; Woo, Seong Ku; Lee, Sang Rak; Kim, Heung Sik

2002-01-01

Congenital neonatal neuroblastoma is not uncommon but bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma is rare, accounting for about ten percent of neuroblastomas in children. We report the US the MR findings of a stage IV-S congenital bilateral neuroblastoma occurring in a one-day-old neonate

Manejando por Santiago: Explorando el uso de automóviles por parte de habitantes de bajos ingresos desde una óptica de movilidad sustentable

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SEBASTIÁN URETA ICAZA

2009-08-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, los regímenes actuales de movilidad urbana cotidiana y sus efectos sociales y medioambientales han sido materia de debate y preocupación pública. En el presente artículo pretendemos explorar el tema a través de un caso de estudio específico: el análisis de los motivos y percepciones detrás de la adquisición y el uso de automóviles por parte de habitantes de bajos ingresos de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile. En primer lugar veremos cómo puede ser entendido el automóvil y el tipo de movilidad urbana que genera desde una óptica de teoría social y urbana. En segundo lugar, presentaremos algunas tendencias generales de uso de automóviles en Santiago. Luego se analizarán en detalle los principales argumentos detrás de la adquisición, uso y valoración del automóvil por parte de un grupo de usuarios de bajos ingresos de la ciudad. Finalmente entregaremos, a partir de los análisis presentados, algunas ideas que pueden contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas que incentiven formas de movilidad urbana sustentables en la ciudad.In recent years, existingforms of daily urban mobility and their social and environmental impacts have become issues of debate and public concern. In this article we explore this issue through a specific case study: the analysis of the motives and perceptions that lie behind the acquisition and use of cars by low income residents in Santiago de Chile. Firstly we analyze how the car and the type of urban mobility that is generated are understood in terms of social and urban theory. Secondly, we present some general tendencies of car use in Santiago. Next we look in detail at the principal arguments behind acquisition, use and valuing of the vehicle by a group of low income users in the city. Finally, we offer, based on the analysis, some ideas that can contribute to the design of public policies that incentivize forms of sustainable urban mobility in the city.

La oficina de conservación y rehabilitación de la ciudad histórica de Santiago 1994-2001

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Fernández Hermida, Ramón

2003-08-01

Full Text Available The Prize U'N. HABITAT Dubai 2002 of Good Practices offered to Santiago of Compostela by the "Protection and rehabilitation of the historic city and integration with its natural environment " was collected by the Mayor Xosé Sánchez Bugallo and by Vice-Mayor responsible for the historic city Encarna Otero. and is an extra ordinary recognition to the cooperation and supportive work carried out during more than one decade by citizens, town planners, builders, political and others social agents with the objective to recover its Historic City. The indispensable implication coordinated in the project of the different competent administrations, the Spanish Stat e, the Xunta of Galicia and the City Hall . was possible thanks to the creation of a stable entity of cooperation, the Consortium of the City, prompted by the Real Patronage of Santiago de Compostela. N° 439 of Informes de la Construcción september/october1995 dedicated monographically to Santiago, closed with an article in which the young Office of Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Historic City. already created in 1994. was presented. Since then the effort carried out for the rehabilitation of the historic city between 1994 and 200 I deserved the international recognition with the Prize Europe Nostra 1996 . the Prize Gubbio 1996 of the Historic Association of Centers of Italy, the European Prize 01 Town planning 199 7/1998 of the European Commission, the Prize Tower Guinigi 2001 and the referred Prize Dubai 2002 of Good Practices. In the article that now is presented. elaborate jointly by the architects that from the beginings of the Office 01 Conservation and Rehabilitation developed the programs 01 rehabilitation under the technical direction 01Javier Ramos. a brief review is done of the different concepts. instruments 01 management al' reflections that have fed in practice daily the urban process of recovery the Patrimony of the Humanity inhabited that it represents Compostela

LOS VIEJOS ANTECEDENTES ANDALUSÍES DE LA INTERTEXTUALIDAD Y SU POSIBLE INFLUENCIA EN EL OCCIDENTE CRISTIANO

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Kevin Perromat Agustín

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La literatura arábiga medieval posee la singularidad de haber elaborado una teoría considerable sobre la intertextualidad y los límites de la apropiación e imitación poéticas. En este contexto, los tratadistas árabes consideraron simultánea y paradojicamente el plagio (sariqa como infracción de las normas literarias y como uno más de los recursos literarios legítimos del poeta. Por el momento se desconoce su posible ascendiente en las poéticas medievales del Occidente cristiano, aunque, a la luz de determinadas evidencias, no es descartable una influencia tangencial o implícita. Por este motivo, el estudio de los autores de al-Ándalus, así como de otros territorios fronterizos, reviste un gran interés en tanto escenarios privilegiados de estos intercambios textuales.

Cuando la pintura es poesía: versos y jeroglíficos con que la Universidad de Santiago lloró a Carlos II

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Nieves Pena Sueiro

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La muerte de Carlos II abría un período de incertidumbre que supuso el fin del reinado de la casa de Austria en España. Por este motivo las ceremonias que conmemoraron su muerte se llenaron de símbolos referentes a las dos dinastías. Presentamos la edición y estudio de un texto, único testimonio, que refleja cómo la Universidad de Santiago lloró a Carlos II a la vez que daba la bienvenida a Felipe V. The death of Carlos II supposed the aim of the reign of the house of Austria in Spain. For this reason the ceremonies that commemorated their death filled of referring symbols to the two dynasties. We present the edition and study of a text, only testimony, that reflects how the University of Santiago wept to Carlos II simultaneously that was giving the welcome to Philip V.

Modernidad en movimiento: Cómo enfrentarse a la movilidad motorizada en Teherán, Santiago y Copenhague

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Marie Thynell

2005-12-01

Full Text Available El progreso de la modernización está acompañado por un énfasis en la movilidad urbana y el crecimiento económico, junto con un creciente conocimiento medioambiental. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la transformación de los sistemas de transporte (automotriz y de transporte público junto con cambios urbanos relacionados, y sus efectos sociales en tres ciudades muy diferentes: Santiago, Teherán y Copenhague. En estas ciudades, la propiedad de vehículos se está incrementando y la movilidad motorizada se está además facilitando. La motorización masiva es una parte esencial de la modernización. Sin embargo, su impacto en el desarrollo social es un área de investigación que ha recibido escasa atención. Además, la motorización masiva es manejada de maneras diferentes, en distintos escenarios socio-políticos. En Teherán el énfasis está puesto en el mejoramiento y ampliación tecnológicos. En Santiago, una importante re-regulación y modernización del sistema está teniendo lugar. En Copenhague, todos los tipos de mejoramiento son realizados inspirados en parte en la Agenda 21. Además, como precisa el artículo, el orden político local y las estrategias escogidas para manejar los problemas de la motorización son diversos. Nuestro análisis enfatiza la motorización masiva, las intervenciones políticas, la sociedad civil, el gobierno urbano, el desarrollo sustentable y la administración de la movilidad urbana. Se concluye que la fuerza política a nivel de la ciudad parece ser más débil de lo que se observa a nivel nacionalThe progress of modernization is accompanied by an emphasis on urban mobility and economic growth together with increasing environmental awareness. This article aims at analysing the transformation of transport systems (car-road system and public transport together with related urban changes and their societal effects in three very different cities: Santiago, Tehran and Copenhagen. In these

Analysis of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2 5-10 concentrations in Santiago, Chile, from 1989 to 2001.

Science.gov (United States)

Koutrakis, Petros; Sax, Sonja N; Sarnat, Jeremy A; Coull, Brent; Demokritou, Phil; Oyola, Pedro; Garcia, Javier; Gramsch, Ernesto

2005-03-01

Daily particle samples were collected in Santiago, Chile, at four urban locations from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2001. Both fine PM with da Ambient Air Quality Standards and the European Union concentration limits. Mean PM2.5 levels during the cold season (April through September) were more than twice as high as those observed in the warm season (October through March); whereas coarse particle levels were similar in both seasons. PM concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for site, weekday, month, wind speed, temperature, and RH. Results showed that PM2.5 concentrations decreased substantially, 52% over the 12-year period (1989-2000), whereas PM2.5-10 concentrations increased by approximately 50% in the first 5 years and then decreased by a similar percentage over the following 7 years. These decreases were evident even after controlling for significant climatic effects. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs developed and implemented by the Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA) have been effective in reducing particle levels in the Santiago Metropolitan region. However, particle levels remain high and it is thus imperative that efforts to improve air quality continue.

Las salamancas mestizas: de las religiones indígenas a la hechicería colonial. Santiago del Estero, siglo XVIII

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Judith Farberman

2005-12-01

Full Text Available La mayoría de los folcloristas ha coincidido en el origen hispano del estereotipo de escuela de magia conocida como salamanca, de amplia difusión en el noroeste argentino. Este trabajo postula la configuración mestiza del mismo y su desarrollo a partir de la hibridación de elementos religiosos y culturales entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Como fuentes principales me he valido de dos procesos civiles contra hechiceras sustanciados en Santiago del Estero y, secundariamente, de materiales como Cartas Anuas jesuíticas, catecismos y confesionarios de indios.In general folklore studies agreed upon the Spanish origins of the magic school known as Salamanca, widely spread in the northwest of Argentina. Based on the existence of hybrid elements, found in culture and religion, this article poses the existence of a mestizo influence in its development in Santiago del Estero during the XVI and XVII centuries. The main sources analyzed were judicial processes held against witches in the area under study, and secondarily some material such us the Jesuits' Cartas Anuas, and Indian catechisms and confessionaries.

Determinantes sociales de la salud y discapacidad: caso Santiago de Cali / Social determinants of health and disability: the Santiago de Cali case

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Consuelo Vélez A

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: establecer la relación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y la discapacidad en Santiago de Cali. Metodología: estudio descriptivo correlacional. Se incluyeron para el análisis 38.071 personas registradas en la base de datos del Dane (Cali; la información se procesó en SPSS 19.0: determinantes estructurales, género, edad, nivel educativo, raza, zona de residencia, estrato y determinantes intermedios como trabajo y vivienda; se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado empleando la prueba de x2 . Resultados: el 52% de las personas pertenecía al género femenino; el promedio de la edad fue de 48 años +/– 24,1 años y la raza predominante, la mestiza. El 28% de las personas registradas no tenía ningún nivel de estudio; un 76% de las personas pertenecen a estratos 1 y 2. El 100% tienen al menos una deficiencia y una discapacidad y el 25% presentan restricción en la participación. El género femenino presenta menos restricción en la participación, comparado con el masculino (71,2% y 66,8% respectivamente. Se encontró asociación entre los determinantes sociales estructurales e intermedios y la restricción en la participación p < 0,05. Conclusiones: existe interacción de los determinantes sociales de la salud, como género, educación, empleo, barreras arquitectónicas y servicios de salud, entre otros, con la restricción en la participación Objective: to establish the relationship between the social determinants of health and disability in Santiago de Cali. Methodology: a correlational descriptive study. The analysis included a total of 38,071 people who had been registered in the dane database (Cali, and the data was processed using the spss 19.0 software. Structural Determinants: gender, age, education level, race, area of residence, and intermediate determinants such as job and housing information. In addition, univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the x2 test. Results: of the participants

El sistema asistencial eclesiástico occidental durante el siglo IV

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Fe BAJO

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Es bastante frecuente encontrar, en los estudios sobre el sistema asistencial en el mundo romano, enunciados que, implícita o explícitamente, sugieren que el único sistema verdaderamente asistencial que el mundo romano conoció fue el cristiano. En todo caso, es frecuente que, para justificarlo, se parta no de razones históricas sino de ideas morales. La idea que subyace generalmente en tales planteamientos es la consideración de que la caridad es una regla específica del cristianismo; por consiguiente, no podría hablarse de un verdadero sistema asistencial antes ni fuera del cristianismo. Ahora bien, esa es una falsa premisa, ya que la idea de la caridad no fue en absoluto una innovación cristiana. Las consideraciones y recomendaciones sobre el amor al prójimo, presentes en las obras de algunos sofistas, como Isócrates, de los cínicos, de los estoicos, como Séneca y Marco Aurelio, de Cicerón, de la tradición judaica, ...bastan para demostrarnos que el mundo no cristiano conocía ya la caridad. Y no tiene sentido plantearse si los cristianos fueron más caritativos que los paganos, pues la respuesta a esta cuestión sólo podría ser plenamente cierta si pudiéramos someter a comparación números de necesitados, indigentes o marginados que se beneficiaron de ayudas asistenciales de los paganos y de los cristianos.

Els isòpodes terrestres (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) del Parc Natural de l’illa de sa Dragonera (Illes Balears, Mediterrània occidental)

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Ll.

2008-01-01

S’han recol·lectat 17 espècies d’isòpodes terrestres (Crustacea: Oniscidea) al Parc natural de l’illa de sa Dragonera, situada al sud-oest de l’illa de Mallorca (Espanya, Illes Balears, Mediterrània occidental). En el decurs de vàries expedicions realitzades a l’illa en els anys 1989, 1999, 2000, 2005 i 2006 s’han capturat aproximadament 400 exemplars, directament a mà o mitjançant trampes de caiguda. Fins aleshores únicament s’havia citat a sa Dragonera una espècie d’Oniscidea...

Análisis de la interacción humano-estructura en puentes peatonales de santiago de cali

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SÁNCHEZ, JHON ANDERSON; GÓMEZ PIZANO, DANIEL; THOMSON, PETER

2013-01-01

En la actualidad, el incremento de la resistencia en nuevos materiales y las mayores luces entre apoyos hacen que los puentes peatonales sean más susceptibles a problemas de vibraciones excesivas. Infortunadamente las provisiones de las normas colombianas son limitadas para el diseño o rehabilitación de estas estructuras. En este artículo se presenta una clasificación de los puentes peatonales en Santiago de Cali que permite comparar efectos de la Interacción Humano-Estructura, aceleraciones ...

Ecological economics of North American integration: the reshaping of the economic landscape in the Santiago river basin

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Salvador Peniche Camps

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Ecological Economics studies social metabolism; that is, the material and energy flow into and out of the economy. Using the ecological economics perspective, we analyse the transformation of the economic landscape of the Santiago river basin, Mexico. We discuss why the appropriation of water resources is one of the most important drivers of North American economic integration. We argue that the theoretical model of neo-extractivism can explain the dynamics of social metabolism behind the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA.

El Congreso de Estudiantes Latinoamericanos de Santiago. Antimperialismo e indoamericanismo en el movimiento estudiantil chileno (1935-1940

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Fabio Moraga Valle

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The Latin-American Student Conference was held in Santiago de Chile in October of 1937. During this event, the communist proposals of the "proletarian internationalism" and the "indoamericanism" of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (apra were confronted. Our hypothesis is that in Chile the most intense debates regarding these projects took place more through the student movement than through the formal political system. To do this we analyze the political and ideological discourse appearing in national student magazines and newspapers regarding this congress.

The ´70th to ´90th carnival poster: a highest contribution to graphic design of Santiago de Cuba

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Zoilo Rafael Fernández-Hernández

2017-06-01

Full Text Available During the 70th´s and 80th´s of the last century in Santiago de Cuba, the promotional carnival poster, as an essentially popular fact, was endowed of particulars characteristics in the national context, which was determining for its concepts. In these poster is undeniable its remarkable identifying value, related with local and caribbean cultural traditions, quiet clear in this city.

Cartografía urbana y espacialidad dramática en «Santiago el Verde», de Lope de Vega

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Francisco Sáez Raposo

2013-11-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza el modo en el que Lope de Vega conjuga hasa cuatro niveles espaciales diferentes a la hora de construir dramatúrgicamente su comedia «Santiago el Verde» (1615. Uno de dichos espacios con los que juega el autor es la propia ciudad de Madrid, la ciudad real que contiene el corral de comedias donde se lleva a cabo la representación y que, a su vez, es reproducida en ella. Este recurso consigue un efecto sugestivo y evocador en un momento histórico en el que el espectador teatral y la propia urbe están definiendo sus identidades moldeándose mutuamente. This paper analyzes the way in wich Lope de Vega combines up to four different dramatic space levels when writing his comedia entitled «Santiago el Verde» (1615. One of these spaces the playwright plays with is the city of Madrid itself, the city that actually contains the playhoyse where the performance is taking place and that, at the same time, it is being reproduced in it. This device generates a stimulating and a evocative effect in a historical time when the theatre spectator and the city itself are defining their identities by molding each other.

Los significados culturales sobre la naturaleza en el asentamiento poblacional Siboney. Santiago de Cuba

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MSc. Roxana Cruz-Doimeadios

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio sobre los significados otorgados a la naturaleza después del evento meteorológico Sandy que azotó el país en el mes de octubre del año 2012 en el asentamiento poblacional Siboney, ubicado en el municipio Santiago de Cuba. Con anterioridad, los significados estaban asociados a percepciones de seguridad, tanto de nesecidades materiales como espirituales. Los resultados muestran la diversidad que caracteriza los significados culturales, los que se diferencian entre los actores individuales y los grupos, estas diferencias se reflejan en las acciones que desarrollan a través de las estrategias para el manejo de la naturaleza en el asentamiento.

Entre el diálogo y el belicismo: dos actitudes ante el turco desde el Occidente a fines del Medievo

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Mitre Fernández, Emilio

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Four authors of XV central century (Nicholas of Cusa, Juan de Segovia, the humanist Eneas Silvio Piccolomini –pope Pio II– and the Bohemian King George Podiebrad and another of the beginning of Modern Age (Erasmus of Rotterdam show correctly the occidental reaction face to the Ottoman pressure, from the fall of Constantinople (1453 to the Hungarian defeat in Mohacs (1526. They consider two ways to solve the problem: the religious dialogue that leads Turkeys to convert to Christianism and then make legitimate their conquest, for example, the short work of Nicholas of Cusa De pace fidei, and partially the Epistula ad Mahumetem of Pius II, and the foundation of a great alliance of Christian princes: vg. the paneuropean project of George Podiebrad, inspired by the old idea of crusade.

Cuatro autores del siglo XV central, Nicolás de Cusa, Juan de Segovia, el humanista Eneas Silvio Piccolomini –Papa Pío II– y el rey bohemio Jorge Podiebrad, y otro de principios de la Edad Moderna –Erasmo de Rótterdam– muestran correctamente la reacción occidental frente a la presión del Imperio Otomano, desde la caída de Constantinopla en 1453 a la derrota de Hungría en Mohacs en 1526. Examinan dos formas de resolver el problema: el diálogo interreligioso que busca convertir a los turcos al cristianismo y luego legitimar la conquista, por ejemplo el pequeño libro de Nicolás de Cusa De pace fidei y, en parte, la Epistula ad Mahumetem de Pío II; y la creación de una gran alianza de los príncipes cristianos: vg. el proyecto paneuropeo de Jorge Podiebrad, inspirado en la vieja idea de cruzada.

Distribución, superficie y accesibilidad de las áreas verdes en Santiago de Chile

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Sonia Reyes Päcke

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Las áreas verdes urbanas (AVU proveen servicios sociales y ecológicos, en función de su distribución, superficie y accesibilidad. Se evalúan dichos atributos para las AVU de Santiago mediante métricas de paisaje. Se muestra que el 91% de las AVU tiene tamaño menor a 5.000 m². Las comunas de bajos ingresos y mayor población presentan un mayor número de áreas verdes (NP, pero de menor tamaño (Green spaces provide social and ecological functions within urban environments. The magnitude of these depends on the size, distribution and accessibility of such spaces. These attributes of the green areas in Santiago de Chile are evaluated using landscape metrics. The results show that 91% of green spaces are smaller than 5,000 m2. Municipalities with higher population and lower income levels had a greater number of green spaces, but these are smaller than 1,000 m2. The four municipalities with the highest income levels have 32.2% of the total green space surface, while the four municipalities with the lowest income levels barely exceed 4.0%>. The proposed accessibility indicator (IAc reveals that in the La Pintana municipality (low income level, 19.6% of the population has access to a green space of at least 5,000 within 300 from their home, while this figure is 45.3% for San Miguel (medium income level and 74.1% in Vitacura (high income level. Chilean urban legislation tends to promote the creation of smaller green spaces.

Peregrinação, turismo e nova era: caminhos de Santiago de Compostela no Brasil

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Carlos Alberto Steil

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Desde o início dos anos 2000 o panorama das peregrinações realizadas no Brasil vem sendo incrementado com a entrada em cena das novas rotas que têm por inspiração o Caminho de Santiago de Compostela, na Espanha. Entre estas rotas, destacam-se as conhecidas como Caminho da Luz (Minas Gerais, Caminho do Sol (São Paulo, Passos de Anchieta (Espírito Santo, Caminho da Fé (Minas Gerais e São Paulo e Caminho das Missões (Rio Grande do Sul. Neste artigo analisamos essas cinco rotas que passaram a integrar roteiros turísticos, com intuito comparativo e buscamos compreender tanto os aspectos recorrentes e as tendências gerais desses eventos na atualidade quanto as singularidades e modalidades que adquirem em cada contexto específico.Since the years 2000 the panorama of pilgrimage in Brazil has been increased with the addition of new routes of pilgrimage which are inspired in the Route of Santiago of Compostela, in Spain. Amongst these routes, five became quite known as Caminho da Luz (Light Path, Minas Gerais, Caminho do Sol (Sun Path, São Paulo, Passos de Anchieta (Anchieta Path, Espírito Santo, Caminho da Fé (Faith Path, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, and Caminho das Missões (Missions Path, Rio Grande do Sul. In this article we analyze these five routes, which have become part of touristic programs, from a comparative perspective while trying to understand the longstanding aspects and general tendencies of these events in present time as well as their peculiarities and modalities within each specific context.

Inseguridad ciudadana y diferenciación social en el nivel microbarrial: el caso del sector Santo Tomás, Santiago de Chile

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Alejandra Lunecke

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En la periferia de la ciudad de Santiago se observan zonas de viviendas sociales que se caracterizan por una alta concentración de precariedades económicas y materiales, segregación espacial, procesos de debilitamiento del tejido comunitario y altos niveles de inseguridad, esto último por la presencia de grupos vinculados a la criminalidad. En tal contexto, a partir de una investigación realizada en el sector Santo Tomás de la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, se analiza cómo incide en los procesos de debilitamiento del tejido social, la percepción de inseguridad asociada al delito y la violencia, en un medio de pobreza guetizada. Para ello se pone énfasis en las prácticas discursivas de los vecinos, las que dan cuenta de los juicios de valor existentes respecto de "lo peligroso" y "lo desviado". Se discute cómo dichos juicios refuerzan las dinámicas de distinción social existentes en el nivel micro barrial y se alimentan de ellas.

El urbanismo de Santiago de Compostela : un plano con las plazuelas de San Martín y de San Miguel de 1709

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Miguel Taín Guzmán

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo está dedicado al estudio de un plano inédito de 1709 donde se representan las plazuelas de San Martín y de San Miguel, en el barrio intramuros de la Puerta de la Peña de Santiago de Compostela. Gracias al referido dibujo, analizo al detalle el entramado urbano de ambos espacios públicos y los edificios que los delimitan, particularmente la iglesia de San Martín Pinario, el desaparecido Palacio del Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición y la iglesia parroquial de San Miguel dos Agros.The article focuses on the study of a 1709 inpublished street plan of two squares —San Martín and San Miguel— in the Puerta de la Peña quarter (Santiago de Compostela. This oíd drawing shows the urban framework of both public spaces and also the buildings around: San Martín Pinario, the lost Palacio del Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición and the paroquial church of San Miguel de los Agros.

Acercamiento a los debates jesuitas en la villa de Santiago de Cali. Un estudio de prensa, 1849-1850

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Carolina Abadia Quintero

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar la opinión y controversia creada por la llegada de la Compañía de Jesús a Santiago de Cali, expresa en artículos pu-blicados en los diarios El Sentimiento Democrático y El Ariete. El texto explica cómo la presencia religiosa de los jesuitas sirvió para avivar el conflicto entre los partidos liberal y conservador en 1849 y 1850. La autora contextualiza el problema a partir de las distintas tendencias políticas y el papel de la Orden, que se manifiestan durante el gobierno liberal de José Hilario López. En particular el temor de los sectores liberales respecto de la incidencia de la Compañía en la política, la educación neogranadina y la sociedad en general. Asimismo, el papel y la posición de los conservadores en defensa de los religiosos y respecto de las reformas liberales de la época. Finalmente, se expone cuál fue el papel de los padres de familia respecto de la presencia de los jesuitas y su reclamo en torno a la dirección del Colegio de Santa Librada en Santiago de Calí y la reacción de algunas sociedades democráticas y sectores liberales en la localidad.

Empoderamiento sanitario en entidades laborales de la zona industrial de Santiago de Cuba Health empowerment in working entities of the industrial area of Santiago de Cuba

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Soraya Victoria Samada Durán

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una intervención comunitaria en los trabajadores de 30 entidades laborales ubicadas en la zona industrial del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2009-2010, para establecer el empoderamiento sanitario en ellos. Entre los principales resultados figuró el logro de la capacitación de todos los líderes sindicales y políticos, así como de la brigada de vigilancia y lucha antivectorial, por el contrario de los dirigentes administrativos, de los cuales solo 86,6 % participó en el estudio porque no lo consideraban una responsabilidad inherente a su cargo. Respecto a la situación ambiental, se observó un incremento de los criaderos de Aedes aegypti durante la temporada lluviosa, asociado a una mayor acumulación de agua en los depósitos naturales o artificiales, o ambos; no obstante, hubo un impacto social en el ordenamiento del medio en 9 de estas instituciones a través de la integración de los intereses comunitarios, la planificación en conjunto y la evaluación participativa, que conformó la principal estrategia. Finalmente, se recomendó implementar este proceso de empoderamiento sanitario en el resto de los centros de trabajo de la zona industrial con vistas a prevenir las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos y roedores.A community intervention was performed in workers of 30 entities located in the industrial area of Santiago de Cuba municipality during the biennium 2009 -2010 to establish the health empowerment in them. Among the main results was the training for all union and political leaders and antivectorial surveillance and control brigade, unlike administrative leaders, of whom only 86.6% participated in the study because they considered it was not their responsibility. Regarding the environmental conditions, an increment of Aedes aegypti breeding sites was observed during the rainy season, associated with increased accumulation of water in natural or artificial reservoirs or both. However, there was

Prevalencia del virus de la hepatitis C en las unidades de hemodiálisis de la región occidental cubana

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Santana Hernández, Rita Rosa; Martínez Córdova, Zuzet; Martínez Echeverría, María Teresa; Mato Luis, Jorge

2009-01-01

La población de hemodiálisis constituye un grupo de alto riesgo en el caso de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. Se realizó un análisis multicéntrico de la prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en las unidades de diálisis de la región occidental aplicando las técnicas serológicas y moleculares, y se observó si existían diferencias significativas en cuanto a la aplicación de ambas técnicas. Se obtuvieron valores elevados de prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-VHC en ...

Evolution of air quality in Santiago: The role of mobility and lessons from the science-policy interface

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Laura Gallardo

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Worldwide, urbanization constitutes a major and growing driver of global change and a distinctive feature of the Anthropocene. Thus, urban development paths present opportunities for technological and societal transformations towards energy efficiency and decarbonization, with benefits for both greenhouse gas (GHG and air pollution mitigation. This requires a better understanding of the intertwined dynamics of urban energy and land use, emissions, demographics, governance, and societal and biophysical processes. In this study, we address several characteristics of urbanization in Santiago (33.5°S, 70.5°W, 500 m a.s.l., the capital city of Chile. Specifically, we focus on the multiple links between mobility and air quality, describe the evolution of these two aspects over the past 30 years, and review the role scientific knowledge has played in policy-making. We show evidence of how technological measures (e.g., fuel quality, three-way catalytic converters, diesel particle filters have been successful in decreasing coarse mode aerosol (PM10 concentrations in Santiago despite increasing urbanization (e.g., population, motorization, urban sprawl. However, we also show that such measures will likely be insufficient if behavioral changes do not achieve an increase in the use of public transportation. Our investigation seeks to inform urban development in the Anthropocene, and our results may be useful for other developing countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean where more than 80% of the population is urban.

Oxochloroalkoxide of the Cerium (IV and Titanium (IV as oxides precursor

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Machado Luiz Carlos

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The Cerium (IV and Titanium (IV oxides mixture (CeO2-3TiO2 was prepared by thermal treatment of the oxochloroisopropoxide of Cerium (IV and Titanium (IV. The chemical route utilizing the Cerium (III chloride alcoholic complex and Titanium (IV isopropoxide is presented. The compound Ce5Ti15Cl16O30 (iOPr4(OH-Et15 was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and TG/DTG. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the oxides resulting from the thermal decomposition of the precursor at 1000 degreesC for 36 h indicated the formation of cubic cerianite (a = 5.417Å and tetragonal rutile (a = 4.592Å and (c = 2.962 Å, with apparent crystallite sizes around 38 and 55nm, respectively.

Recursos potenciales de santiago de chuco y su aprovechamiento para mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes

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Fernández Gill, Ana Teresa

2011-01-01

In this research work an assessment of the potential resources of the Andean Peruvian City Santiago de Chuco of the region “La Libertad” to be used for the improvement of the quality of life of the local population has been carried out. The population was characterized according to the data of the 2005 and 2007 national census. By adapting the methodology of the project “Training for Local Economic Development”, CONCADEL (2006) and with the participation in workshops of the local population...

Characterization of fresh Beta vulgaris from Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Nutrient and caroteniod content of stem and leaves

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Costa, Sara Macías de; Montenegro, Mariana A.; Arregui, Teresa; Pinto, M. Inés Sánchez de; Nazareno, Mónica A.; Mishima, Beatriz López de

2003-01-01

Se realizaron estudios de caracterización integral de acelga (Beta vulgaris, var. cycla) cultivada en la Provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Por tratarse de un vegetal de importante consumo regional, se realizó la determinación de sus constituyentes básicos, minerales y pigmentos para conocer los valores nutricionales que aporta este alimento en nuestra región. Se analizaron comparando hoja y tallo: humedad, cenizas, proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono utilizables, fibra dietaria ...

Sexual intercourse among adolescents in Santiago, Chile: a study of individual and parenting factors Relaciones sexuales entre adolescentes de Santiago, Chile: un estudio de factores individuales y de crianza

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Ninive Sanchez

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To examine a range of individual, parenting, and family factors associated with sexual intercourse among a community sample of youth and their families in Santiago, Chile. METHODS: Data were taken from the Santiago Longitudinal Study conducted in January 2008-November 2009. Participants were 766 youth (mean age = 14.03 years, 51% male from municipalities of low- to mid-socioeconomic status. Variables included emotional and behavioral subscales from the Child Behavior Checklist's Youth Self Report, parental monitoring, family involvement, parental control and autonomy, relationship with each parent, and sexual activity. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the odds of sexual intercourse initiation. RESULTS: Seventy (9.14% youth reported having had sex in their lifetime; the average age of first sexual intercourse among this group was 13.5 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 1.74 for males and 14.08 (SD = 1.40 for females. Having sex was inversely associated with withdrawn-depressed symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.84, Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.72-0.97, but positively associated with somatic complaints (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.04-1.38 and rule breaking behavior (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.08-1.36, after adjusting for demographic and other individual and parenting variables. The majority (80% of the youth who had had sex reported using protection at the time of last intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the role that mental health problems-some of them not commonly associated with onset of sexual activity-may play in a youth's decision to have sex. The potential protective effects of several parenting and family characteristics disappeared with youth age and youth behavioral problems.OBJETIVO: Examinar distintos factores relacionados con el inicio de la actividad sexual que presentan los jóvenes, sus padres y su familia en una muestra de jóvenes y su respectiva familia tomada de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile

GEOPROCESSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO UTILIZADO NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTIAGO-RS

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Lueni Gonçalves Terra; Bruna Nascimento de Vasconcellos Schiavo; Willian Fernando de Borba; Manoela Mendes Duarte

2016-01-01

O geoprocessamento é uma ferramenta que tem sido utilizada em larga escala em estudos ambientais, pois permite a extração de informações com rapidez e acurácia. Estudos de fragilidade ambiental norteiam meios e condições para que todos os objetivos da conservação ambiental possam ser alcançados de forma harmônica. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a fragilidade ambiental do município de Santiago-RS, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Realizou-se um mapeamento temático da declivid...

TRATAMIENTO POR FETOSCOPIA DEL SÍNDROME DE TRANSFUSIÓN FETO FETAL EN CLÍNICA ALEMANA DE SANTIAGO

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Yamamoto C,Masami; Astudillo D,Julio; Pedraza S,Daniel; Muñoz S,Hernán; Insunza F,Álvaro; Fleiderman D,José; Riveros K,Rodrigo

2009-01-01

Antecedentes: El síndrome de transfusión feto fetal (STFF) afecta el 15% de los gemelares monocoriales y tiene una mortalidad de 90% cuando se diagnostica antes de las 26 semanas. Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado perinatal mediante fotocoagulación con láser porfetoscopia, de las anastomosis vasculares placentarias en pacientes con STFF. Método: Fotocoagulación láser por fetoscopia de 18 casos de SFF tratados en Clínica Alemana de Santiago entre los años 2005-2008. Resultados: 72,8% de los embar...

Los primeros objetos de bronce en el occidente de Europa

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Fernández-Miranda, Manuel

1995-06-01

Full Text Available The alloy of copper with tin is used to show cultural relations and exchanges between Bronze Age cultures in western and central Europe. At the beginning, the distribution and location of tin resources explains the variations in bronze composition, but interregional ex-change leads later to a more homogeneous alloy. During the Early Bronze Age the Iberian Peninsula was not connected to the exchange networks of western Europe, and the first true bronzes appear at least two centuries la ter. The tin alloy spread over Iberia from north to south, and arrive to South-east at the end of the Middle Brome Age, due to the isolation of this region.

A través del uso de la aleación de cobre y estaño en la tecnología metalúrgica de la Edad del Bronce europea se analizan las relaciones culturales e intercambios que tienen lugar entre los diversos grupos culturales. Al principio la disponibilidad de recursos minerales de estaño condicionó la composición de la aleación, pero más tarde el establecimiento de relaciones comerciales condujo a una mayor homogeneización en la producción. La Península Ibérica aparece durante el Bronce Antiguo desconectada de las interacciones actuantes en el Occidente de Europa, acusando un retraso en el conocimiento del bronce de al menos dos siglos. La difusión de la aleación se produce de norte a sur, llegando al Sureste a fines del Bronce Medio como consecuencia de su aislamiento.

Death of two slender-billed parakeet (King (Enicognathus leptorhynchus (Aves, Psittacidae by Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789, Railliet & Henry, 1914 at the National Zoo of Santiago, Chile Morte de dois psitacideos (king Enicognathus leptorhynchus (Aves, Psittacidae por Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789, Railliet & Henry, 1914 no Zoológico Nacional de Santiago, Chile

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D. González-Acuña

2007-04-01

Full Text Available No Zoológico Nacional do Parque Metropolitano de Santiago, Chile, foram encontrados dois psitacídeos Enicognathus leptorhynchus, mortos pelo nematódeo Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789. Este é o primeiro registro desse nematódeo em E. leptorhynchus e também o primeiro registro deste parasito no Chile.

Factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba Social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba municipality

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Jorge Luis Lozano Salazar

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles (con 12 integrantes en cada grupo sobre los principales factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la población de 15 y más años del municipio de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2005. Las variables de interés analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, per cápita familiar, condiciones de la vivienda, hacinamiento, evaluación nutricional, hábito de fumar y alcoholismo. Se determinaron la asociación entre variables cualitativas mediante la prueba estadística de Ji al cuadrado, la fuerza de asociación a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el cálculo de los intervalos de confianza al 95 %, así como el impacto de la exposición por medio del riesgo atribuible porcentual. Los factores de riesgo socioeconómicos asociados causalmente con la tuberculosis pulmonar resultaron ser: el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, la evaluación nutricional con un índice de masa corporal de ≤19,9 y la exposición al tabaco.A case-control study (12 people in each group on main social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis was carried out in the population aged 15 and over of Santiago de Cuba municipality during 2005. The analyzed variables of interest were age, sex, educational status, occupation, family income, and housing conditions, overcrowding, nutritional evaluation, smoking habit and alcoholism. Association among qualitative variables by means of the chi-square test, association strength through the odds ratio and estimate of 95 % confidence intervals were determined, as well as the exposure impact by means of the percentage attributable risk. The social and economic risk factors causally associated with the lung tuberculosis were consumption of alcoholic drinks, nutritional evaluation with a 19,9 body mass index and exposure to the cigar.

Factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba Social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba municipality

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Jorge Luis Lozano Salazar

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles (con 12 integrantes en cada grupo sobre los principales factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la población de 15 y más años del municipio de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2005. Las variables de interés analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, per cápita familiar, condiciones de la vivienda, hacinamiento, evaluación nutricional, hábito de fumar y alcoholismo. Se determinaron la asociación entre variables cualitativas mediante la prueba estadística de Ji al cuadrado, la fuerza de asociación a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el cálculo de los intervalos de confianza al 95 %, así como el impacto de la exposición por medio del riesgo atribuible porcentual. Los factores de riesgo socioeconómicos asociados causalmente con la tuberculosis pulmonar resultaron ser: el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, la evaluación nutricional con un índice de masa corporal de ≤19,9 y la exposición al tabaco.A case-control study (12 people in each group on main social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis was carried out in the population aged 15 and over of Santiago de Cuba municipality during 2005. The analyzed variables of interest were age, sex, educational status, occupation, family income, and housing conditions, overcrowding, nutritional evaluation, smoking habit and alcoholism. Association among qualitative variables by means of the chi-square test, association strength through the odds ratio and estimate of 95 % confidence intervals were determined, as well as the exposure impact by means of the percentage attributable risk. The social and economic risk factors causally associated with the lung tuberculosis were consumption of alcoholic drinks, nutritional evaluation with a 19,9 body mass index and exposure to the cigar.

Screening for prostate cancer in 8 health areas from Santiago de Cuba province

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrios Lopez, Yusimy; Perera Fernandez, Francisco; Carvajal Beltran, Irma Iris; Perez Rodriguez, Arnoldo

2012-01-01

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 28 917 men over 50 years of age, belonging to 8 health areas of Santiago de Cuba, from November 2007 to July 2010, to determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and thus detect prostate cancer hidden morbidity. The test was performed in 18 007 screened individuals, of whom 1 745 had pathological findings, and of them 1 630 were evaluated at the urology department of the selected polyclinic according to the established flow chart. Finally, 125 males were diagnosed with the disease, so that it was confirmed the importance of having a greater dissemination of PSA test, benefits of which allow the family physician to know the health of their patients, and the risk population obtain such assistance annually through the doctor's offices

El tratamiento del Patrimonio Cultural desde una metodología arqueológica en obras de trazado lineal: la construcción de la autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo (Galicia) como ejemplo

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Prieto-Martínez, M. Pilar; Blanco-Rotea, Rebeca; Aboal-Fernández, Roberto; Ayán Vila, Xurxo; Criado-Boado, Felipe

2002-01-01

[ES] Se presenta una síntesis del trabajo arqueológico de Seguimiento que está siendo llevado a cabo en las obras de la Autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo (de empresa constructora Dozón UTE). El trabajo arqueológico se inició en enero de 2001, y está previsto que sea finalizado a principios de 2003. Este trabajo forma parte del Plan de Corrección de Impacto Arqueológico de las obras. El tramo Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo, de 36,600 km de longitud, ofrece un transepto muy significat...

Santiago de Chile, nueva arquitectura y espacio público. Arquitecturas de fin de crisis. 1999-2004. / Santiago de Chile, new architecture and public space. Architectures at the end of the crisis of 1999-2004.

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Aránguiz P., Javier

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata de un estudio comparado -siempre parcial en estos casos- del estado actual de arquitectura chilena concentrada en la ciudad de Santiago. Su valor estaría en reivindicar lo que denomino común reflexión de ciertos autores entorno a modalidades y gestiones convergentes, superando maneras particulares de hacer y diferentes escalas de intervención. No pretende más que generar, indicar de cierta manera, la conjunción de pensamientos al momento de obrar la arquitectura como objeto urbano. Esta reflexión se realiza en términos de contexto dinámico e inicio de planes operativos, que sin perder las líneas invariantes de analogía y relación a ciertas obras escogidas en este período de tiempo definido, puedan marcar el derrotero de la ciudad de cara a las propuestas de renovación urbana que se avecinan. Para esto utilizaré una escritura, que sin ser texto exhaustivo desde lo académico, se perfila como discurso apriorístico para futuras investigaciones de base objetual y ejercicio crítico. Es un intento también de síntesis de las aportaciones arquitectónicas -en clave de proyectación- refrendadas desde el germen de la economía urbana como matriz ineludible en el concepto de ciudad futura./This article deals with a comparative study of present chilean architecture concentrated in the city of Santiago. It points out the importance of a comprehensive thought process capable of integrating single and unrelated enterprizes to urban systems. This is accomplished by coordinating different scales and functions in order to search for the opportunity to reach a better result in terms of urban morphology and urban functions.

[Indoor air pollution in southeast Santiago, Chile].

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Pino, P; Oyarzún, M; Walter, T; von Baer, D; Romieu, I

1998-04-01

Indoor air pollution could play an important role in the susceptibility to respiratory diseases of vulnerable individuals, such as elders and infants. To evaluate indoor air pollution in a low income population of South East Santiago. A domiciliary survey of contaminant sources was carried out in the bouses of a cohort of 522 children less than one year old. Using a case-control design, 121 children consulting for respiratory diseases were considered as cases and 131 healthy infants of the same age and sex were considered as controls. In the houses of both groups, active monitors for particulate matter (PM10) and passive monitors for NO2 were installed. Forty two percent of fathers and 30% of mothers were smokers, and in two thirds of the families there was at least one smoker. Eighty five percent used portable heaters in winter. Of these, 77% used kerosene as fuel. Only 27% had water heating appliances. The rest heated water on the kitchen store or on bonfires. Most kitchen stoves used liquid gas as fuel. Twenty four hour PM10 was 109 +/- 3.2 micrograms/m3. Mean indoor and outdoor NO2 in 24 h was 108 +/- 76.3 and 84 +/- 53.6 micrograms/m3 respectively. Indoor NO2 levels were related to the use of heating devices and smoking. No differences in PM10 and NO2 levels were observed between cases and controls. There is a clear relationship between indoor pollution and contaminating sources. Indoor NO2 levels are higher than outdoors.

Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba Suicide prevention in adolescents in a health area of Santiago de Cuba

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Flavia Rodríguez Almaguer

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación exploratoria en algunos miembros del personal sanitario (una psicóloga y 6 médicos de familia perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, de diciembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012, que presentó los índices más elevados de intento de suicidio en la adolescencia durante el 2011, a fin de determinar los problemas existentes en la prevención de ese comportamiento, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, específicamente el diseño de campo y los métodos: observación, entrevista en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados evidenciaron una atención psicológica sin adecuados enfoques preventivo y comunitario, irregularidades en la atención por psiquiatría, poca implicación de la familia y desvinculación de la escuela. En general, hubo dificultades en la aplicación del Programa Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de la Conducta Suicida, lo que estuvo unido a la necesidad de aprendizaje sobre el tema y de mayor sensibilización al respecto, así como a la sobrecarga laboral en los profesionales.Exploratory research was conducted in some medical personnel (a psychologist and 6 family doctors belonging to the health area of "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba, from December 2011 to March 2012, which had the highest rates of suicide attempt in the adolescence during 2011, in order to identify problems in the prevention of such behavior, so that the qualitative methodology was used, specifically the field design and methods: observation, interviews in depth and questionnaire. The results showed a psychological treatment without appropriate preventive and community approaches, irregularities in psychiatry care, little family involvement and disengagement from school. Overall, there were difficulties in the implementation of the National Program for the Prevention and Treatment of Suicidal Behavior, which

A first insight on the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex as studied by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTRs in Santiago, Chile.

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Balcells, María Elvira; García, Patricia; Meza, Paulina; Peña, Carlos; Cifuentes, Marcela; Couvin, David; Rastogi, Nalin

2015-01-01

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem worldwide, but the ecology of the prevalent mycobacterial strains, and their transmission, can vary depending on country and region. Chile is a country with low incidence of TB, that has a geographically isolated location in relation to the rest of South American countries due to the Andes Mountains, but recent migration from neighboring countries has changed this situation. We aimed to assess the genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains in Santiago, Chile, and compare with reports from other Latin-American countries. We analyzed MTBC isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis cases collected between years 2008 and 2013 in Central Santiago, using two genotyping methods: spoligotyping and 12-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs). Data obtained were analyzed and compared to the SITVIT2 database. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 years and 61% were male; 11.6% were migrants. Of 103 strains (1 isolate/patient) included, there were 56 distinct spoligotype patterns. Of these, 16 strains (15.5%) corresponded to orphan strains in the SITVIT2 database, not previously reported. Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) (34%) and T (33%) lineages were the most prevalent strains, followed by Haarlem lineage (16.5%). Beijing family was scarcely represented with only two cases (1.9%), one of them isolated from a Peruvian migrant. The most frequent clustered spoligotypes were SIT33/LAM3 (10.7%), SIT53/T1 (8.7%), SIT50/H3 (7.8%), and SIT37/T3 (6.8%). We conclude that LAM and T genotypes are the most prevalent genotypes of MTBC in Santiago, Chile, and together correspond to almost two thirds of analyzed strains, which is similar to strain distribution reported from other countries of Latin America. Nevertheless, the high proportion of SIT37/T3, which was rarely found in other Latin American countries, may underline a specific history or

Libros

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Blas Casado Quintanilla

2007-01-01

Full Text Available RESEÑA 1 de : García Cañón, Pablo. Concejos y Señores. Historia de una lucha en la montaña occidental leonesa a fines de la Edad Media. León : Universidad de León, 2006. RESEÑA 2 de : Tolan, John V. Sarracenos. El Islam en la imaginación medieval europea. Valencia : Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2007. RESEÑA 3 de : López de Ulibarri, Félix. Aiala Kantzilebarren Leinua. El Linaje del Canciller Ayala. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Diputación Foral de Álava, 2007. RESEÑA 4 de : López Fernández, Manuel. La Orden de Santiago y el Maestre Pelay Pérez Correa. Ciudad Real : Instituto de Estudios Manchegos, 2007.

¿Ciudad sin ciudadanos? Fragmentación, segregación y temor en Santiago

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Lucía Dammert

2004-12-01

Full Text Available La imagen de la ciudad como espacio de interacción y celebración de las diferencias está siendo amenazada en Santiago. Visiones alternativas la muestran como espacio de conflicto, desorden e inseguridad, donde la diferencia se convierte en un elemento peligroso que requiere ser excluido o segregado. De esta manera se desarrolla una ciudad sin ciudadanos, es decir, una no-ciudad, que sirve como espacio de movimiento pero no de interacción. El objetivo de este artículo es empezar a analizar esta problemática desde uno de sus elementos: la sensación de inseguridad. El resultado plantea interrogantes sobre la ciudad que se está construyendo y sus posibles consecuencias.

Le Hodna occidental entre régions méditerranéennes et plaines désertiques : organisation des terroirs, communautés rurales et productions agricoles au Moyen Âge

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Mohamed Meouak

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Les objectifs de notre contribution reposent sur deux axes méthodologiques précis : proposer une lecture critique des sources arabes et offrir un tableau précis des terroirs du Hodna occidental, région située entre la Kabylie maritime et les zones désertiques du Maghreb central à l'époque médiévale. Dans un premier temps, nous concentrerons nos efforts sur les lieux d'activités des communautés rurales afin d'établir un inventaire des diverses structures de peuplement. Dans une deuxième partie, il sera question des principaux aspects de l'organisation tribale comme moteur du peuplement rural dans le Hodna occidental avec la présence fondamentale de groupes arabes, tribus berbères et autres « étrangers ». Enfin dans une troisième et dernière étape, nous essaierons de dresser un tableau des paysages agraires et des productions agricoles en mettant l'accent notamment sur la gestion des espaces agricoles.

School intervention to improve mental health of students in Santiago, Chile: a randomized clinical trial.

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Araya, Ricardo; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Spears, Melissa; Rojas, Graciela; Martinez, Vania; Barroilhet, Sergio; Vöhringer, Paul; Gunnell, David; Stallard, Paul; Guajardo, Viviana; Gaete, Jorge; Noble, Sian; Montgomery, Alan A

2013-11-01

Depression can have devastating effects unless prevented or treated early and effectively. Schools offer an excellent opportunity to intervene with adolescents presenting emotional problems. There are very few universal school-based depression interventions conducted in low- and middle-income countries. To assess the effectiveness of a school-based, universal psychological intervention to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescents from low-income families. A 2-arm, parallel, cluster, randomized clinical trial was conducted in secondary schools in deprived socioeconomic areas of Santiago, Chile. Almost all students registered in the selected schools consented to take part in the study. A total of 2512 secondary school students from 22 schools and 66 classes participated. Students in the intervention arm attended 11 one-hour weekly and 2 booster classroom sessions of an intervention based on cognitive-behavioral models. The intervention was delivered by trained nonspecialists. Schools in the control arm received the standard school curriculum. Scores on the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory-II at 3 months (primary) and 12 months (secondary) after completing the intervention. There were 1291 participants in the control arm and 1221 in the intervention arm. Primary outcome data were available for 82.1% of the participants. There was no evidence of any clinically important difference in mean depression scores between the groups (adjusted difference in mean, -0.19; 95% CI, -1.22 to 0.84) or for any of the other outcomes 3 months after completion of the intervention. No significant differences were found in any of the outcomes at 12 months. A well-designed and implemented school-based intervention did not reduce depressive symptoms among socioeconomically deprived adolescents in Santiago, Chile. There is growing evidence that universal school interventions may not be sufficiently effective to reduce or prevent depressive symptoms. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN

Uranium and plutonium in anoxic marine sediments of the Santiago River mouth (Eastern Pacific, Mexico).

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Almazán-Torres, María Guadalupe; Ordóñez-Regil, Eduardo; Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina

2016-11-01

The uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) content with depth in a sediment core collected in the continental shelf off the mouth of the Santiago River in the Mexican Pacific was studied to evaluate the contamination effects of the effluent of the Santiago-Lerma River as it moves into the sea. The large mass of terrestrial detritus delivered by the river influences the physicochemical and geochemical processes in the seafloor. Abnormal concentrations of U and Pu in sediments were examined as indicative of the effects of anoxic conditions. One of the indicators of pollution of seawater is the bacterial activity of the shallow seabed layer; and among the prevailing bacteria, the magnetotactic ones induce the formation of euhedral and framboidal shapes (pyrite). These pyrite entities are by-products of anoxic environments loaded with decomposing detrital material and are very abundant in the surface layers of the sediment core analyzed. The pyrite formation is the result of a biochemical reaction between iron and organic sulphur reduced by bacteria, and the pyrite entities precipitate to the seafloor. In the same upper zone of the profile, 238 U is readily immobilized, while 234 U is oxidized and dissolved in seawater by the effect of hot atom chemistry. This may cause the activity ratio (AR) 234 U/ 238 U disequilibrium (near 0.41). Furthermore, in the shallow layer of the sediment core, an abnormally high concentration of 239+240 Pu was detected. In this upper layer, the activity concentrations found were 3.19 Bq kg -1 for 238 U, 1.32 kg -1 for 234 U and 2.78 Bq kg -1 for 239+240 Pu. In the lower fractions of the sediment core, normal values of AR 234 U/ 238 U (≈1) were found, with traces of 239+240 Pu. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transuranium perrhenates: Np(IV), Pu(IV) and (III), Am (III)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silvestre, Jean-Paul; Freundlich, William; Pages, Monique

1977-01-01

Synthesis in aqueous solution and by solid state reactions, crystallographical characterization and study of the stability of some transuranium perrhenates: Asup(n+)(ReO 4 - )sub(n) (A=Np(IV), Pu(IV), Pu(III), Am(III) [fr

Interpretación de anomalías de potencial espontáneo aplicada a un vertedero de desechos urbanos en el occidente de México

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Miguel A. Alatorre-Zamora

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Fue realizada la interpretación de anomalías de potencial espontáneo en dos perfiles norte-sur medidos en el depósito de desechos caseros de Matatlán, Guadalajara, al oeste de México. El sitio se localiza al este de la Ciudad de Guadalajara, sobre un flanco occidental del cañón del Río Grande de Santiago, y se asienta sobre una pequeña meseta densamente fracturada de andesitas basálticas y riolitas. La interpretación se realizó mediante el uso de tres técnicas numéricas. La primera consiste de un modelado analítico basado en el algoritmo de Fournier; en este algoritmo se propone un modelo del subsuelo, que se ha modificado para obtener potenciales ajustando la resistividad de la zona y asumiendo una variación continua hacia profundidad de la intensidad primaria de la fuente. Los dos restantes son técnicas de inversión basadas en los trabajos de DiMaio y Patella, Birch y Hämann et al. Estos convolucionan los datos con una función de barrido que depende de la geometría de la fuente. Todo esto es útil para inferir las fuentes de las anomalías y determinar presencia de estructuras geológicas que pueden corresponder a fallas o fracturas vinculadas con una posible migración de lixiviados. Los resultados exhiben una alta acumulación de lixiviados que ocurren a una profundidad aproximada a los diez metros. El modelado directo muestra variaciones de la elevación de la superficie freática con respecto al nivel medio del mar, mientras que las técnicas de inversión señalan la extensión vertical de un posible flujo vertical de lixiviados en combinación con una extensión lateral. Los resultados de las inversiones de los dos perfiles exhiben el flujo vertical de lixiviados a lo largo de fronteras planas, ilustrando la presencia de algunas posibles fallas con un rumbo NE-SW o W-E. Debido a la naturaleza del sitio y a la calidad de los datos de potencial espontáneo adquiridos, las anomalías medidas se atribuyen a diferentes

Detecting depression among adolescents in Santiago, Chile: sex differences.

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Araya, Ricardo; Montero-Marin, Jesus; Barroilhet, Sergio; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Gaete, Jorge; Montgomery, Alan

2013-04-23

Depression among adolescents is common but most cases go undetected. Brief questionnaires offer an opportunity to identify probable cases but properly validated cut-off points are often unavailable, especially in non-western countries. Sex differences in the prevalence of depression become marked in adolescence and this needs to be accounted when establishing cut-off points. This study involved adolescents attending secondary state schools in Santiago, Chile. We compared the self-reported Beck Depression Inventory-II with a psychiatric interview to ascertain diagnosis. General psychometric features were estimated before establishing the criterion validity of the BDI-II. The BDI-II showed good psychometric properties with good internal consistency, a clear unidimensional factorial structure, and good capacity to discriminate between cases and non-cases of depression. Optimal cut-off points to establish caseness for depression were much higher for girls than boys. Sex discrepancies were primarily explained by differences in scores among those with depression rather than among those without depression. It is essential to validate scales with the populations intended to be used with. Sex differences are often ignored when applying cut-off points, leading to substantial misclassification. Early detection of depression is essential if we think that early intervention is a clinically important goal.

COMPREHENSIVE AND STRATEGIC PROFILE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ON THE BASIS OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS TRANSTUR S.A. SANTIAGO

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Marianela Bermejo-Salmón

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The essential purpose of this work is the design and application of the profile integrative and strategies of the performance evaluation based in labours competitions for the tetchiness A in the rent cars Transtur of Santiago de Cuba. For it were applied several methods and tetchiness such as: delphi method , holistic and integrated focus, experts judment, ishikawa diagram, surveys, acting observation, command tableriou, and technical computational among others. The achieved results allow to evaluate and characterizer of the profile evaluation performance from an approach integrative and strategies that is sustained in a theoretical conception- methodological and practice possibility the perfection of he Capital Humans of Gestation in the Branch. 

Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala

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David Chen

2017-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Results Out of 501 screened individuals, 350 respondents were enrolled. The mean age was 36.7 years, and 72.3% were women. Over 90% reported earning less than US$ 65 per month. Almost 80% were stunted. Among women, 37.3% were obese and over three-quarters had central obesity. Over three-quarters of the entire group had dyslipidemia and 18.3% had hypertension, but only 3.0% had diabetes. Overall, 36.0% of participants met criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between participants’ education and NCD risk factors except for an inverse association with obesity by percent body fat. Conclusions Santiago Atitlán is a rural, indigenous Guatemalan community with high rates of poverty and stunting coexisting alongside high rates of obesity, particularly among women. Additionally, high rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were found, but a low rate of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors was low, suggesting that educational interventions may be a high-yield, low-cost approach to combating NCDs in this community.

Plan verde: un instrumento para la gestión y fomento de áreas verdes en el gran Santiago

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Claudio Nilo Orellana

2003-09-01

Full Text Available La ciudad de Santiago, cuenta con una importante falencia de espacios verdes. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS recomienda que las ciudades tengan 9 metros cuadrados por habitante. Por su parte, el Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación para la Región Metropolitana (PPDA se ha propuesto como meta lograr que el área Metropolitana logre un promedio de 6 metros cuadrados por habitante.

Coordination and solvent extraction behaviour of oxozirconium(IV), thorium(IV) and dioxouranium(VI)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dash, K.C.

1989-01-01

The systematic liquid-liquid extraction behaviour of oxozirconium (IV), thorium(IV) and dioxouranium(VI) have been investigated using a number of synthesised and commercial chelating extractants. The synergism or antagonism for these processes in presence of neutral donor ligands have also been identified and the conditions for separation and isolation of pure individual metal ions have been established. The coordination behaviour of oxozirconium(IV), thorium(IV) and dioxouranium(VI) with a large number of mono- and polydentate ligands have been studied. With oxozirconium(IV), invariably always a cyclic, tetranuclear species is obtained, derived from the tetrameric structure of the parent ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O which is actually (Zr 4 (OH) 8 (H 2 O) 16 )Cl 8 .12H 2 O. No simple, monomeric oxozirconium(IV) complex was obtained. Uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) form a wide variety of complexes of higher coordination numbers and several bi- and trinuclear complexes were also characterised where the two adjacent metal centres are joined to each other by a double hydroxo-bridge. (author). 69 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs

Arquitectura de vivienda social y construcción de la ciudad:Una mirada actual del Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972 / Social housing architecture and city building: A current view of the International competition: “Redevelopment area in down town Santiago – Chile” – U.I.A. 1972.

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Emilio Tomás Sessa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Uno de los autores del proyecto ganador del Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972, el arquitecto Emilio T. Sessa, intenta un relato de su experiencia que es a la vez, informativo, desde el tiempo transcurrido y del recuerdo del acontecimiento, y reflexivo, dado los múltiples sucesos que van desde el origen a su abrupta interrupción y a las proyecciones./One of the authors of the winning project of the International Competition: "Redevelopment area in downtown Santiago de Chile" - UIA 1972, the architect Emilio T. Sessa, tries to make an account of his experience that is both informative, from the time and the memory of the event, and reflective, given the many events ranging from its origin to the sudden interruption and projections.

Towards a feminist own voice in the Peasants movement of Santiago del Estero

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Mariela Pena

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This work addresses the issue of the multiple trajectories of feminisms in Latin American rural social movements as a part of the experiences of democratic participation, and its intersections with other categories of oppression. For this purpose, we explore the case of the MovimientoCampesino de Santiago del Estero, from Argentina, and its connections with the feminist standpoints of the broader global organizations that the peasant movement is part of. Our approach is ethnographic, based on field work, interviews to activist women and the analysis of written sources. Findings suggest that the organization has elaborated its own significant frame in relation to gender and it is trying to solve some tensions in between difference feminism or ecofeminism, extended in the region, and a perspective based on equality amidst sexes, grounded on their local political experience.

Capital social y participación,una perspectiva desde el Cono Sur de América: Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile

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Patricio Valdivieso

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En este estudio presento evidencias sobre la participación ciudadana y el Capital Social (CS en tres casos sudamericanos - Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile-, con el propósito de revitalizar el debate sobre la opinión pública, cultura política y CS. El estudio parte de los siguientes supuestos: el CS es el resultado de decisiones racionales de las personas, y los diseños políticos, las instituciones y la cultura política tienen efectos en esas decisiones. Con ayuda de un modelo de utilidad, datos de encuestas e información complementaria, analizo información sobre asociativismo y confianza, y otras variables socio-económicas, demográficas y políticas relacionadas. Las conclusiones son: a mediados de la década del 2000, Montevideo, Porto Alegre y Santiago de Chile disponían de un stock de CS equivalente al de sociedades desarrolladas; en esas ciudades, y por extensión en los países, los factores político-institucionales y de cultura política tuvieron efectos en la confianza y la disposición de las personas a participar, operando de forma variada, en relación con distintos contextos y situaciones de participación. En el análisis más desagregado del caso de Chile en el nivel municipal, se observan las mismas relaciones.This study presents evidence on citizen participation and social capital (SC in three South American cases - Porto Alegre, Montevideo and Santiago of Chile, in order to revitalize the debate on public opinion, political culture and SC. The study has the following assumptions: the SC is the output of rational decisions of individuals and political designs and institutions and political culture have an impact on those decisions. Using a utility model, survey data and information, I analyze information on associative life and trust, and other socio-economic, demographic and political information. The conclusions: in the mid-2000s, Montevideo, Porto Alegre and Santiago de Chile had a stock of SC

Disciplinamientos femeninos y soledades del trabajo doméstico en un hogar de Santiago de Chile

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Romané Landaeta Sepúlveda

2009-11-01

Full Text Available El hogar de una familia acomodada en Santiago es el telón de fondo sobre el cual se narra el acontecer cotidiano que sucede entre sus integrantes. De un lado, unos padres profesionales que organizan el día a día junto a sus cuatro hijos que habitan esta gran casa. De otro, una mujer que a pesar de no tener ningún lazo de consanguineidad, ha vivido muchos años junto a ellos; sin embargo, come y habita en un sector paralelo del hogar. He ahí el eje argumental de la película: nos referimos a un...

Estudio sobre las motivaciones para recorrer el Camino de Santiago

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Antonio Granero Gallegos

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se ha centrado en conocer las motivaciones del viajero jacobeo actual, mayor de 15 años, que andando o en bicicleta recorre el Camino de Santiago, analizando las relaciones referentes a las necesidades de evasión de la vida cotidiana y la experiencia activa a través de la actividad físico-deportiva. La investigación se ha desarrollado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado a una muestra de 1.071 sujetos, utilizando el procedimiento de muestreo estratificado polietápico con afijación proporcional, con un margen de error muestral del ± 3 % y un nivel de confianza del 95,5%. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto la adaptación de esta ruta, tradicionalmente recorrida por motivos religiosos, a la época contemporánea, constituyendo, en la actualidad, un escenario en el que están presentes los distintos elementos del ocio y las actividades físico-deportivo-recreativas en el medio natural, vinculada con el turismo rural, deportivo, de aventura o cultural, y donde el sujeto busca también alejarse del cotidiano estrés urbano.

Common mental disorders and the built environment in Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Araya, Ricardo; Montgomery, Alan; Rojas, Graciela; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Solis, Jaime; Signorelli, Andres; Lewis, Glyn

2007-05-01

There is growing research interest in the influence of the built environment on mental disorders. To estimate the variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders attributable to individuals and the built environment of geographical sectors where they live. A sample of 3870 adults (response rate 90%) clustered in 248 geographical sectors participated in a household cross-sectional survey in Santiago, Chile. Independently rated contextual measures of the built environment were obtained. The Clinical Interview Schedule was used to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders. There was a significant association between the quality of the built environment of small geographical sectors and the presence of common mental disorders among its residents. The better the quality of the built environment, the lower the scores for psychiatric symptoms; however, only a small proportion of the variation in common mental disorder existed at sector level, after adjusting for individual factors. Findings from our study, using a contextual assessment of the quality of the built environment and multilevel modelling in the analysis, suggest these associations may be more marked in non-Western settings with more homogeneous geographical sectors.

Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Almaguer, Flavia; Mok Olmo, Yasmín; Cuervo Bello, Licet; Rodríguez Arias, Orestes Dominador

2013-01-01

Se realizó una investigación exploratoria en algunos miembros del personal sanitario (una psicóloga y 6 médicos de familia) perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, de diciembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012, que presentó los índices más elevados de intento de suicidio en la adolescencia durante el 2011, a fin de determinar los problemas existentes en la prevención de ese comportamiento, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitati...

UNA PRAXIS CRISTIANA Y POPULAR EN LA POBLACIÓN LA VICTORIA DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE (1983-1988).

OpenAIRE

Andrés Morasso

2010-01-01

Este artículo presenta la relación entre residentes de la población La Victoria de Santiago deChile y la Iglesia en el contexto del gobierno militar (1973-1990), durante protestas socialescontra el régimen y relaciones de solidaridad establecidas a causa de la persecución políticadel periodo. ¿De qué forma las Comunidades cristianas de Base ayudaron a la organizaciónasistencial? ¿Qué papel tuvo la llamada “Iglesia Liberadora” en dicha población? ¿Qué roljugaron sacerdotes como líderes en La V...

Sobre la introducción del Castaño, Castanea sativa, en el Mediterráneo Occidental

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Antonio GUILLEN OTERINO

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Una idea generalizada y bastante aceptada en torno a la introducción del Castaño, Castanea sativa, en el área occidental del Mediterráneo y concretamente en la Península es la que sostiene que esta especie fue extendida por los romanos quienes tomándola en su zona de origen, Asia menor y Caucaso, la naturalizaron en toda la Europa mediterránea hasta llegar a la Península Ibérica. Muchos autores modernos en sus publicaciones, al hablar del Castaño, siguen haciendo mención a lo expuesto anteriormente (JONKER, 1952; STRASBURGER, 1894; LANZARA y PIZZETTI, 1977 y FONT QUER, 1961 entre otros. Sin embargo, parece que los datos que la palinología y el estudio de carbones han aportado en investigaciones realizadas en yacimientos arqueológicos y turberas constatan la presencia del Castaño en épocas muy anteriores a la de la expansión romana.

Temporal evolution of main ambient PM2. 5 sources in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2012

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F. Barraza

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The inhabitants of Santiago, Chile have been exposed to harmful levels of air pollutants for decades. The city's poor air quality is a result of steady economic growth, and stable atmospheric conditions adverse to mixing and ventilation that favor the formation of oxidants and secondary aerosols. Identifying and quantifying the sources that contribute to the ambient levels of pollutants is key for designing adequate mitigation measures. Estimating the evolution of source contributions to ambient pollution levels is also paramount to evaluating the effectiveness of pollution reduction measures that have been implemented in recent decades. Here, we quantify the main sources that have contributed to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5 between April 1998 and August 2012 in downtown Santiago by using two different source-receptor models (PMF 5.0 and UNMIX 6.0 that were applied to elemental measurements of 1243 24 h filter samples of ambient PM2.5. PMF resolved six sources that contributed to ambient PM2. 5, with UNMIX producing similar results: motor vehicles (37.3 ± 1.1 %, industrial sources (18.5 ± 1.3 %, copper smelters (14.4 ± 0.8 %, wood burning (12.3 ± 1.0 %, coastal sources (9.5 ± 0.7 % and urban dust (3.0 ± 1.2 %. Our results show that over the 15 years analyzed here, four of the resolved sources significantly decreased [95 % confidence interval]: motor vehicles 21.3 % [2.6, 36.5], industrial sources 39.3 % [28.6, 48.4], copper smelters 81.5 % [75.5, 85.9], and coastal sources 58.9 % [38.5, 72.5], while wood burning did not significantly change and urban dust increased by 72 % [48.9, 99.9]. These changes are consistent with emission reduction measures, such as improved vehicle emission standards, cleaner smelting technology, introduction of low-sulfur diesel for vehicles and natural gas for industrial processes, public transport improvements, etc. However, it is also apparent that the

La entonación neutra en el habla de Santiago de Cuba

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Lic. Alex Muñoz-Alvarado

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La prosodia ha sido escasamente investigada en la variante cubana del español. En el presente artículo se dan a conocer las características principales encontradas en Santiago de Cuba en relación con la entonación neutra, la que está desprovista de marca fonológica y que suele acompañar a oraciones declarativas, aunque también se usa en oraciones interrogativas parciales. La caracterización del fenómeno se hace desde una perspectivafonológica estructural, muy poco extendida en el campo de los estudios de entonación, y con el apoyo de instrumentos digitales. Los datos aportados son de gran utilidad técnica y práctica para el conocimiento efectivo de la variación regional de la pronunciación en el mundo de habla hispana, y para la enseñanza del español como lengua materna y como lengua extranjera.

The Hospital de Santiago in Cuenca: an institution with 800 years history

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Julián Solís García del Pozo

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The Hospital de Santiago in the city of Cuenca is one of the Spanish healthcare institutions that has maintained its activity for a longer time. Initially, this hospital was an institution for the redemption of captives in a border area of the kingdom of Castile with Al-Andalus, later it functioned as a hospital for the sick poor, maintaining its assistance activity despite the different destructions that the building has gone throughout its history. Currently, the hospital is a geriatric residence. Historical studies on hospitals have extended their scope of action, leaving the particular scope of institutional functioning and entering into areas as the hospital's relationship with the political, religious, social and economic environment. From this point of view, the hospital in Cuenca is still a little-explored ground to study these relationships in a city in interior Spain during a large part of the historical stages it has gone through, and especially from the Modern Age.

Seismic microzoning of Santiago de Cuba An approach by SH waves modelling

CERN Document Server

Alvarez, L; Femandez, B; García, J; González, B; Panza, G F; Pico, R; Reyes, C; Vaccari, F; Zapata, R J A

2002-01-01

The expected ground motion in Santiago de Cuba basin from earthquakes which occurred in the Oriente fault zone is studied. Synthetic SH-waves seismograms have been calculated along four profiles in the basin by the hybrid approach (modal summation for the path source-profile and finite differences for the profile) for a maximum frequency of 1 Hz. The response spectra ratio (RSR) has been determined in 49 sites, distributed along all considered profiles with a spacing of 900 m. The corresponding RSR versus frequency curves have been classified using a logical-combinatorial algorithm. The results of the classification, in combination with the uppermost geological setting (geotechnical information and geological geometry of the subsoil) are used for the seismic microzoning of the city. Three different main zones are identified, and a small sector characterised by big resonance effects, due to the particular structural conditions. Each zone is characterized in terms of its expected ground motion parameters for th...

Health evaluation of Galapagos Hawks (Buteo galapagoensis) on Santiago Island, Galapagos.

Science.gov (United States)

Deem, Sharon L; Rivera-Parra, Jose Luis; Parker, Patricia G

2012-01-01

Galapagos Hawks (Buteo galapagoensis), the only endemic, diurnal raptor species in Galapagos, are currently distributed on eight Galapagos Islands having been extirpated from three of the human-inhabited islands. In January 2009, we performed health assessments of 89 Galapagos Hawks on Santiago Island, Galapagos. Four of the 89 Galapagos Hawks (4%) evaluated had physical abnormalities. Blood parameters did not differ between males and females, except for aspartate transaminase values, which were significantly higher in females than males. No Galapagos Hawks tested positive for antibodies to avian encephalitis virus, Marek virus, and paramyxovirus-1 or to haemosporidian antigen. Chlamydophila psittaci antigen was detected in 2 of 86 Galapagos Hawks (2%), with 24 of 43 Galapagos Hawks (56%) antibody-positive for avian adenovirus-1 and 1 of 48 Galapagos Hawks (2%) antibody positive for Toxoplasma gondii. There were no significant differences in infectious disease results based on sex. This study contributes to the understanding of the health status of the Galapagos Hawk and to the establishment of baseline information for the species.

Parasitic survey on introduced monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus in Santiago, Chile

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Cristóbal Briceño

Full Text Available Abstract Central Chile has been identified as a unique ecosystem with high conservation priority because of its high levels of endemism and intensive anthropic pressure. Over a period of almost four decades, the monk parakeet has been successful in establishing and dispersing in urban Santiago, although little is known about its potential impact. Furthermore, nothing is known about its epidemiological risks towards animals or even humans. For this reason, we conducted the first parasitic survey of monk parakeets in Chile through capture, necropsy and thorough external and internal inspection of 92 adult individuals. Among these, 45.7% presented lice that were identified as Paragoniocotes fulvofasciatum, 1.1% had mesostigmatid acari and 8.9% had free-ranging acari. Among 89 parakeets, 19.1% had structures identified as Cryptosporidium sp. This study provides the first description of Cryptosporidium sp. in monk parakeets. Along with the presence of a mesostigmatid acarus in one parakeet, this serves as a public health warning, given that both of these parasites have zoonotic potential.

[Smoking and student survival at Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2004-2007].

Science.gov (United States)

Tafur-Calderón, Luis A; Millán-Estupiñan, Juan C; Zapata-Ossa, Helmer; Ordoñez-Arana, Gustavo A; Varela, Jesús M

2010-04-01

This article presents the results of monitoring students who enrolled at Universidad Santiago de Cali (USC) during the second half of 2004. Its purpose was to determine the influence of smoking, the academic programme and the cost of enrollment on student survival over a three-year period (2004-2007). The study involved a prospective cohort of 970 students who entered the university in 2004. Cox regression was used for survival analysis to determine the relationship between independent variables and university stay. The results of this model established associations between smoking and department with survival in the university, but discarded association with the cost of enrollment. The risk of university desertion was higher amongst students from the Health faculty adjusted for smoking (RR = 1.277 (1.121-1.455)). Similarly, the risk of desertion was higher in smokers adjusted by faculty (RR = 1.194 (1.026-1.390). It was found that habitual smokers had shorter university stay than nonsmokers. University stay was longer in students enrolled in academic programmes other than health.

Analysis and Diagnosis of the Church of Santiago in Jerez de la Frontera (Spain

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Rodríguez-Mayorga, E.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The church of Santiago (Jerez de la Frontera, Spain has its origin in a small chapel built in the XIII century. Three naves added in the XV century gave rise to the current temple. The church has been modified along the history due to two main reasons: (I the interest for its enlargement and embellishment and (II to solve some structural problems documented since the XVII century. The most relevant problems that have affected the structure can be summarized in two partial collapses (1695 and 1956 and the substitution of two columns (1902 and 1928 to prevent new catastrophes. However, at the beginning of the XXI century important damage in columns and walls caused to close the temple and initiate an ample investigation on the church and its structural behaviour. The conclusions of this analysis, together with a preliminary proposal for restoration, are the main goal of this paper.La Iglesia de Santiago (Jerez de la Frontera, España tiene su origen en una pequeña capilla del siglo XIII. En el siglo XV se le añadieron tres naves, dando como resultado el templo actual. La Iglesia se ha modificado en determinadas ocasiones debido principalmente a: (I el interés por ampliarla y embellecerla y (II solucionar algunos problemas estructurales documentados desde el siglo XVII. De estos últimos, los más relevantes en relación a la estructura pueden resumirse en dos colapsos parciales (1695 y 1956 y la sustitución de dos pilares (1902 y 1928 para evitar otras dos catástrofes. Al inicio del siglo XXI, la nueva aparición de daños en pilares y muros condujo al cierre del templo y al inicio de una investigación sobre el comportamiento estructural de la iglesia. Las conclusiones de este análisis, junto a una propuesta preliminar para su reparación, constituyen el objetivo principal de este artículo.

Ubicación óptima de los desconectivos en la red de 33 kV de la provincia Santiago de Cuba

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Javier E de la Fé Noa

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Se  determinan los puntos de ubicación óptima de los desconectivos de la red de 33 kV de la provincia deSantiago de Cuba, aplicando una variante del método de la numeración exhaustiva. Se analiza  la metodologíapara la ubicación óptima de los desconectivos en las redes eléctricas como una de las vías para mejorar lafiabilidad de las mismas. Se aplica la metodología  y se realiza el análisis económico de todas las variantesescogiéndose  la más adecuada para cada uno de los circuitos.  The paper is dedicated to the determination of the optimal location of the switch of the net of 33 kV of Santiago'scounty, applying a variant of the method of the exhaustive numeration.   The methodology for the optimal locationof the switch in the electric nets is analised  like one of the methods of improving the reliability of the circuits;  bymeans of the methodology the location of the switch is obtained; is carried out the economic analysis of all thevariants and the most appropriate is chosen for each one of the circuits.

Las cuecas como representaciones estético-políticas de chilenidad en Santiago entre 1979 y 1989 The Cuecas as Aesthetic and Political Representation of Chilenidad in Santiago Between 1979 and 1989

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Araucaria Rojas Sotoconil

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente texto pretende dar cuenta de los lugares por los que se desplazaron las cuecas como representaciones estético-políticas de chilenidad durante el período de la dictadura militar, más específicamente en Santiago entre 1979 y 1989. Es desde allí donde se establece un derrotero autoritario que, a través de múltiples mecanismos, dispone una fusión forzosa entre determinado "tipo" de hacer-cueca y las prolongaciones "cultural'-identitarias de las que el régimen se apropia. La cueca, en tanto dispositivo político de determinada oficialidad y las cuecas como formas particulares que se exceden de sus ordenamientos son las que pretenden ser aquí visitadas: cueca sola, cuecas de barrios populares (también nombradas brava y chora, adicionada a cuecas decididamente militantes de la resistencia, se disponen como actos y realidades que pugnan y plurifícan el acto de cuequear.The following article has the purpose of analysing the various meanings of the cuecas as aesthetic and political representations of chilenidad during the period of the military dictatorship, more specifícally in Santiago between 1979 and 1989. It was then that an authoritarian procedure was created which by means of múltiple mechanisms imposed the mingling between a certain type of cueca making and the cultural identity ofthe cueca assumed by the military government as part of its communication policies. This article considers the cueca both as an instrument of the political establistment and as particular species reaching beyond its traditional signifícance, ie, the "cueca sola" (cueca danced by one person, cuecas of poor neighborhoods, also known as "brava" and "chora", and cuecas which are definitely part of the Resistance. All of them are considered as acts and realities interacting within a pluralistic space created by the process of cueca-making.

Synthesis and characterization of chiral thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) benzamidinate complexes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoene, Sebastian; Maerz, Juliane; Kaden, Peter; Patzschke, Michael; Ikeda-Ohno, Atsushi [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden (Germany). Chemistry of the F-Elements

2017-06-01

Two chiral benzamidinate complexes of tetravalent actinides (Th(IV) and U(IV)) were synthesized using a salt metathesis reaction of the corresponding actinide(IV) tetrachlorides and the potassium salt of the chiral benzamidine (S,S)-N,N-Bis-(1-phenylethyl)-benzamidine ((S)-HPEBA). The structure of the complexes was determined with single crystal X-ray diffraction. These are the first examples of chiral amidinate complexes of actinides.

Päiväkoti Riemula

OpenAIRE

Alanko, Reetta; Ihanamäki, Katja

2012-01-01

Opinnäytetyössä kuvataan yleisesti päivähoidon kehitystä Suomessa sekä päivähoitoa yrittäjän näkökulmasta, tuoden esille sen tämän päivän haasteet ja mahdollisuudet. Työssä on pohdittu yhteistyön merkitystä kunnan kanssa ja sitä, miten kunta voi osaltaan joko rajoittaa tai edesauttaa yksityisen päivähoitoyrityksen toimintaa. Opinnäytetyössä kerrotaan teoriassa Päiväkoti Riemula nimisen, erityispäivähoitopalveluita tarjoavan yrityksen perustamiseen liittyvistä suunnitelmista. Suunnitelluss...

Iconoclasmo e iconodulia entre oriente y occidente (siglos VIII-IX Iconoclasm and iconoduly between east and west (8th-9th centuries

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Alfonso Hernández Rodríguez

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo trata acerca de la recepción en el occidente carolingio de la crisis iconoclasta. Reflexiona sobre la forma en que ambas cristiandades trataron el problema que las imágenes representan para las prácticas religiosas y las consecuencias políticas del culto de los iconos. El escrito afirma también que durante los siglos VIII y IX la crisis iconoclasta permitió la aparición de una tradición cristiana latina consciente de sí misma. Por lo tanto, se trató del momento que puso en evidencia el nacimiento de dos formas divergentes de piedad cristiana y la alienación de una respecto de la otra. La cristiandad occidental centrada en el edificio eclesiástico y que privilegiaba la ubicación de lo sagrado en el rito eucarístico, y la oriental cuyo centro era la adoración de las imágenes, con la consecuente multiplicación de los espacios sagrados.The following paper deals with the reception in the Carolingian west of the Byzantine Iconoclast Crisis. It considers the way both Christianities dealed with the problem that images presented to religious practices and the political consequences of iconic worship. The paper also states that during the VIII and IX centuries the iconoclast crisis allowed the emergence of a self conscious Latin Christian tradition. Consequently it was the moment that showed the beginning of two differing ways of Christian piety and the alienation of one towards the other. Western Christianity focused its religion practice in church building and the idea of Sacrality in the Eucharistic Rite. The oriental church, moreovers, centered its practices and theology on icon worship.

Persuasión lingüística para la defensa de la tierra: El Título Primordial de Santiago Sula

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Marta Puente González

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Los pueblos de indios de la Nueva España crearon, a fines de la época colonial, una forma de  defender sus territorios ante la amenaza de colonos españoles, criollos y otros indios que usurpaban ilegalmente terrenos e intentaban rentabilizar el control de las tierras. Empezaron a producir un tipo de textos, sus Títulos Primordiales, que presentaban en los juicios para demostrar la titularidad de sus posesiones. No son textos del tipo administrativo, sino que insertan narraciones con los acontecimientos pasados más importantes para la comunidad. Pero principalmente son escritos que fueron pensados para persuadir a los receptores de la veracidad de sus argumentos. Buscaban convencer, en lo lingüístico y textual, para tener efecto en la vida real: que no se les arrebatase sus tierras. En este trabajo se abordará la aproximación a este tipo textual mediante el estudio, desde la pragmática lingüística y el análisis del discurso, del Título Primordial de Santiago Sula, un documento paradigmático del género. Con ello se quiere demostrar que el Título Primordial de Santiago Sulase caracteriza por una estructura argumentativa con un narrador que dispone de distintos tipos de argumentos y otras estrategias textuales para reforzar la única conclusión final: la defensa dela tierra.

New Trends of Pilgrimage: Religion and Tourism, Authenticity and Innovation, Development and Intercultural Dialogue: Notes from the Diary of a Pilgrim of Santiago

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Corinto Gian

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The characteristics of our society are often contradictory. Despite the "liquidity" theorized by Bauman, aspects and practices deeply related (in appearance and/or in substance with spirituality hold great importance in our days. Among these practices, we found the pilgrimages. In this article we analyse this phenomenon in one of its best-known forms, the religious pilgrimage, in particular that of the Camino de Santiago. Today this forms of “travelling”, the pilgrimage, is studied as a tourism product and a vehicle of local development, and many studies already analysed the profiles and the motivations of the “new pilgrims”, as well as their economic impacts. Nevertheless, we felt the necessity to meet directly the pilgrims and share this experience with them without any filter. We became part of them, by addressing their perception toward their overall experience, using a qualitative approach based on direct observation and unstructured interviews. We collected data during a 400 kilometres walk towards Santiago de Compostela, which enabled us to create a clear overview on this specific, increasing phenomenon: a pilgrimage between religion and tourism, authenticity and innovation, local development and intercultural dialogue.

IV access in dental practice.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Fitzpatrick, J J

2009-04-01

Intravenous (IV) access is a valuable skill for dental practitioners in emergency situations and in IV sedation. However, many people feel some apprehension about performing this procedure. This article explains the basic principles behind IV access, and the relevant anatomy and physiology, as well as giving a step-by-step guide to placing an IV cannula.

Familial periodontal disease in the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez, Octavio A; Orraca, Luis; Kensler, Terry B; Gonzalez-Martinez, Janis; Maldonado, Elizabeth; Ebersole, Jeffrey L

2016-01-01

Substantial ongoing research continues to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease(s). Existing evidence supports that periodontal disease appears to have an increased prevalence in family units with a member having aggressive periodontitis. We have been using the nonhuman primate as a model of periodontal disease for over 25 years with these species demonstrating naturally occurring periodontal disease that increases with age. This report details our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease in skulls from 97 animals (5-31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. Periodontal disease was evaluated by determining the distance from the base of the alveolar bone defect to the cemento-enamel junction on 1st/2nd premolars and 1st/2nd molars from all four quadrants. The results demonstrated an increasing extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across the population of animals beyond only compensatory eruption. Importantly, irrespective of age, extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals. Linking these variations to multi-generational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. As the current generations of animals that are descendants from these matrilines are alive, studies can be conducted to explore an array of underlying factors that could account for susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Esclavos musulmanes en los hospitales de cautivos de la Orden Militar de Santiago (siglos XII y XIII

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Echevarría Arsuaga, Ana

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Military Orders had slave manpower in their lands since their foundation. However, the hospitals for ransoming captives owned by the Order of Santiago are the best example of how slavery worked in the kingdom of Leon-Castile during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. These houses had enough room to provide lodging for captives while ransoms were being negotiated. They also helped to redistribute those Muslims who, lacking this possibility, became slaves of the order itself, or were sold in the slave markets of the kingdom. The scarce records kept in the Archivo Histórico Nacional, section Órdenes Militares, referring to slaves, help to understand the development of traffic, work and manumission of these people.

Las órdenes militares dispusieron desde su fundación de mano de obra esclava en sus tierras, pero la institución que mejor sirve para estudiar la esclavitud en los siglos XII y XIII en los reinos de León y Castilla son los hospitales para la redención de cautivos de la Orden de Santiago. Estas instituciones disponían de espacio para alojar a los cautivos mientras se negociaban rescates con los poderes islámicos, y atendían a la redistribución de aquellos musulmanes que, por no haber sido redimidos, pasaban a ser esclavos de la propia orden o a ser vendidos en los mercados de los reinos cristianos. Los escasos documentos de la sección de Órdenes Militares del Archivo Histórico Nacional dedicados a esclavos ayudan a comprender el funcionamiento del tráfico, trabajo y liberación de este colectivo.

Representaciones sociales de migrantes peruanos sobre su proceso de integración en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Torres G, Osvaldo; Garcés H, Alejandro

2013-01-01

El presente artículo busca presentar los resultados de un estudio desarrollado entre los años 2011 y 2012, sobre las representaciones sociales y percepciones de los migrantes peruanos acerca de su proceso de integración en Santiago de Chile, particularmente respecto del acceso a los servicios públicos de educación, salud y vivienda. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, estos servicios son puestos bajo la mirada de los discursos de los migrantes peruanos, develando la discriminación de la ...

PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS COMPLIANCE WITH QUALITY STANDARDS OFFER OF THE BUFFET RESTAURANT CASONA MELIA SANTIAGO DE CUBA

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Oscar Parada-Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The company hotel Cuban faces the challenge of the competitiveness and the client’s satisfaction in an environment that demands of actions that they assure the quality. This article has as objective to show the application of a procedure for the evaluation of the standards of quality of the offer in the restaurant buffet La Casona of the Hotel Meliá Santiago de Cuba. The results achieved by the application of the procedure allow to perfect the process of taking of decisions and it contributes to the efficiency of the hotel and the elevation of the quality of the service. 

Complexation of the An(IV) by NTA; Complexation des An(IV) par le NTA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonin, L. [Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France)]|[CEA Valrho, Lab. de Chimie des Actinides (LCA), 30 - Marcoule (France)

2006-07-01

In the framework of the Nuclear and Environmental Toxicology program, developed in France, it has been decided to take again the studies concerning the actinides decorporation. A similar study of the neptunium complexation by the citrate ions has been carried out on the complexation of Np(IV) with the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The NTA can be considered as a model molecule of the de-corporating molecules (amino-carboxy- ligand). The results of the spectrophotometric measurements being encouraging, the behaviour of several actinides at the same oxidation state (+IV) (Th(IV), U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV)) has been determined. The experimental results are presented. In order to determine the structure of the complexes of stoichiometry 1:2 An(IV)-(NTA){sub 2} in solution, quantic chemistry calculations and EXAFS measurements have been carried out in parallel. These studies confirm the presence of An(IV)-nitrogen bonds whose length decreases from thorium to plutonium and indicate the presence of a water molecule bound to the thorium and the uranium (coordination number 8 for Np/Pu, 9 for Th/U). The evolution of the complexation constants determined in this study in terms of 1/r (r ionic radius of the cation taking into account its coordination number 8 or 9) confirms the change of the coordination number between Th/U and Np/Pu. (O.M.)

Assessment of groundwater salinization mechanisms in Santiago Island - Cabo Verde: An environmental isotopic approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carreira, P.M.; Nunes, D.; Marques, J.M.; Pina, A.; Mota Gomes, A.; Almeida, E.; Goncalves, R.; Monteiro Santos, F.

2007-01-01

Two sampling campaigns were carried out at Santiago Island - Cabo Verde under the scope of an isotopic and geochemical research study. An evaluation of the groundwater systems was carried out through the application of environmental isotopes and geochemical data in order to answer questions such as: origin and mechanisms of groundwater recharge; relation between the hydrochemical evolution of the groundwater systems with the geological matrix (minerals dissolution) or mixture with seawater and aerosol marine influence; identification of seawater intrusion mechanisms and, determination of the apparent groundwater 'age'. The results obtained so far are not conclusive on the identification of the process responsible for the increase of salinity. In general, all the data obtained seems to indicate that the waters have the same isotopic history but different geochemical evolution, which depends on the weathering and permeability of the rocks. (author)

Violencia y Clima Escolar en Establecimientos Educacionales en Contextos de Alta Vulnerabilidad Social de Santiago de Chile School Violence and School Climate in Schools of Santiago, Chile, in High Vulnerable Social Contexts

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Cecilia Tijmes

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Se investigó la asociación entre violencia escolar y calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, diferenciando según el clima escolar del establecimiento. Por medio de una muestra intencionada de 13 establecimientos educacionales municipales con alta vulnerabilidad social de Santiago de Chile, se aplicó un cuestionario a 4.015 estudiantes de ambos sexos entre 10 y 18 años de edad. Se construyeron escalas y subescalas de violencia para testigos, víctimas, victimarios y víctimas agresivas. Por medio del cálculo de proporciones y x², t de Student y correlación lineal de Pearson (r, se constató que la mayoría de los alumnos (61% ha sido testigo de violencia entre los alumnos. A pesar de la elevada percepción de violencia escolar, la mayor parte de los alumnos percibe una buena calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, la cual se correlaciona en forma inversa, aunque débilmente, con la violencia escolar. Dicha correlación es reforzada en un clima escolar bueno cuando se trata de testigos de violencia, pero no de víctimas o victimarios. La correlación entre violencia física y calidad de las relaciones interpersonales es muy baja.The study investigated the relationship between school violence and the quality of interpersonal relations, according to school climate. Using a purposive sample of 13 public schools in highly vulnerable social contexts, in Santiago, Chile, 4,015 male and female students aged 10 to 18 completed a questionnaire. Violence scales and subscales were constructed for witnesses, aggressors, and aggressive victims. Using proportions and x², Student's t, and Pearson's linear correlation (r, it was observed that most students (61% have witnessed violence between their peers. Even though they perceived a high rate of school violence, most students reported good interpersonal relationships, which is inversely correlated with school violence, although weakly. In a good school climate this correlation is stronger for

Seismic microzoning of Santiago de Cuba: An approach by SH waves modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez, Leonardo; Garcia, Julio; Gonzalez, Bertha; Reyes, Carmen; Femandez, Barbara; Zapata, Jose A.; Arango, Enrique; Vaccari, Franco; Panza, Giuliano F.; Pico, Ramon

2002-07-01

The expected ground motion in Santiago de Cuba basin from earthquakes which occurred in the Oriente fault zone is studied. Synthetic SH-waves seismograms have been calculated along four profiles in the basin by the hybrid approach (modal summation for the path source-profile and finite differences for the profile) for a maximum frequency of 1 Hz. The response spectra ratio (RSR) has been determined in 49 sites, distributed along all considered profiles with a spacing of 900 m. The corresponding RSR versus frequency curves have been classified using a logical-combinatorial algorithm. The results of the classification, in combination with the uppermost geological setting (geotechnical information and geological geometry of the subsoil) are used for the seismic microzoning of the city. Three different main zones are identified, and a small sector characterised by big resonance effects, due to the particular structural conditions. Each zone is characterized in terms of its expected ground motion parameters for the most probable strong earthquake (M S =7), and for the maximum possible (M S =8). (author)

Seismic microzoning from synthetic ground motion parameters Case study, Santiago de Cuba

CERN Document Server

Alvarez, L; Pico, R; Vaccari, F

2003-01-01

Synthetic seismograms (P - SV and SH waves) have been calculated along 6 profiles in Santiago de Cuba basin, with a cutoff frequency of 5 Hz, by using the hybrid approach (modal summation for a regional (ID) structure plus finite differences for a local (2D) structure embedded in the first). They correspond to a scenario earthquake of M sub S = 7 that may occur in Oriente fault zone, directly south of the city. As initial data for a seismic microzoning, the characterisation of earthquake effects has been made considering several relative (2D/1D) quantities (PGDR, PGVR, PGAR, DGAR, I sub A R etc.) and functions representative of the ground motion behaviour in soil (2D) with respect to bedrock (ID). The functions are the response spectra ratio RSR(f), already routinely used in this kind of work, and the elastic energy input ratio E sub I R(f), defined, for the first time, in this paper. These data, sampled at 105 sites within all the profiles have been classified in two steps, using logical combinatory algorith...

Tres miradas sobre paisaje, identidad regional y cultura folclórica en Santiago del Estero

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Judith Farberman

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explora las relaciones entre paisaje, identidad y cultura popular en algunas obras de Ricardo Rojas, Bernardo Canal Feijóo y Orestes Di Lullo sobre Santiago del Estero. Consideramos que Canal Feijóo y Di Lullo regresaron en sus trabajos de las décadas de 1930 y 1940 a tres cuestiones tratadas por Rojas en El país de la selva (1907, aunque en un contexto ya irremediablemente cambiado de destrucción del bosque chaqueño. La primera de ellas consiste en la búsqueda de los orígenes de la cultura folclórica santiagueña en el período colonial. En ausencia de flujos consistentes de inmigración europea, los autores se remitieron a la conquista y a los mestizajes biológicos y culturales posteriores como punto de partida para la formación de una cultura local que ambos estimaban aún vigorosa y original. La segunda es la identidad entre paisaje y cultura folclórica. Di Lullo y Canal compartían con Rojas la idea de que la imaginación popular nacía de la naturaleza o, mejor dicho, de la sensibilidad de sujetos íntimamente consustanciados con ella. En consecuencia, la destrucción del paisaje sólo podía conducir a la del folclore, al que encontraban ya irremediablemente degradado. En tercer lugar, se hallaba la elevación del folclore santiagueño a marca de origen, a sello identitario. El componente indígena, hispano o mestizo se encontraba presente, en diferentes medidas, en aquel patrimonio ancestral que, como Rojas lo había hecho antes, Canal y Di Lullo describieron e interpretaron a la luz de sus personales lecturas de la historia santiagueña.This article explores the relationship between landscape, identity and popular culture of Santiago del Estero in the works of Ricardo Rojas, Bernardo Canal Feijóo and Orestes Di Lullo. In my opinion, Di Lullo and Canal Feijóo revisited El país de la selva (1907 in some of their works, especially in those written in the 30's and 40's. Three issues are analyzed here. The first

El corredor fluvial del Mapocho como recurso multifacético de Santiago: avances y retrocesos en las concepciones y acciones de un siglo./ The corridor of the Mapocho River as a Opportunity to Santiago: a century of progress and setbacks in its projects.

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María Isabel Pávez Reyes

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Se revisa en términos generales los avances y retrocesos en las concepciones y acciones sobre el río Mapocho, durante el siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI, en la perspectiva de considerar el corredor fluvial como un recurso estructurante mayor y multifacético de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile./ This article reviews the history of the plans for the Mapocho river in the last century. The process varies between making of it a structural element in the planning of the Region Metropolitana or don't.

Impacto socioespacial de las migraciones intraurbanas en entidades de centro y de nuevas periferias del Gran Santiago

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Jorge Ortiz

2002-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo se propone dar cuenta de que el paso de una ciudad compacta a una ciudad dispersa es hoy en día uno de los procesos que está presente con mayor intensidad en ciudades de carácter metropolitano. En Chile, la capital nacional no es una excepción a ello, ya que pese a la disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento demográfico alcanzado en los últimos años, Santiago ha mostrado una fuerte tendencia de desarrollo hacia las áreas periféricas. Los factores que lo explican son diversos y complejos; ello no obstante, se reconoce que son las migraciones, en particular las que ocurren al interior de la ciudad, las que han jugado un rol decisivo en el proceso de dispersión urbana. A los impactos derivados en el crecimiento físico se suma la complejización de la geografía social de sus espacios, producto de los atributos asociados de la población migranteThis paper deals with the transformation of compact cities into disperse cities, which is now days one of the process intensively occurring in metropolitan areas. In Chile, the country capital city (with 5.5 million people, is not an exception, nevertheless the demographic growth rates diminish, as is observed in latest years. Santiago has shown a strong oriented growth towards the periphery. The explanatory facts are complex and diverse. Nevertheless the migratory movements, particularly those occurring within the urban sector, are recognize to have a principal and decisive role in this urban process. Besides the physical way of expansion, social geographical aspects of the city are considered too, since these are qualities of the migrant population

Assessment of Debris Flow Potential Hazardous Zones Using Numerical Models in the Mountain Foothills of Santiago, Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Celis, C.; Sepulveda, S. A.; Castruccio, A.; Lara, M.

2017-12-01

Debris and mudflows are some of the main geological hazards in the mountain foothills of Central Chile. The risk of flows triggered in the basins of ravines that drain the Andean frontal range into the capital city, Santiago, increases with time due to accelerated urban expansion. Susceptibility assessments were made by several authors to detect the main active ravines in the area. Macul and San Ramon ravines have a high to medium debris flow susceptibility, whereas Lo Cañas, Apoquindo and Las Vizcachas ravines have a medium to low debris flow susceptibility. This study emphasizes in delimiting the potential hazardous zones using the numerical simulation program RAMMS-Debris Flows with the Voellmy model approach, and the debris-flow model LAHARZ. This is carried out by back-calculating the frictional parameters in the depositional zone with a known event as the debris and mudflows in Macul and San Ramon ravines, on May 3rd, 1993, for the RAMMS approach. In the same scenario, we calibrate the coefficients to match conditions of the mountain foothills of Santiago for the LAHARZ model. We use the information obtained for every main ravine in the study area, mainly for the similarity in slopes and material transported. Simulations were made for the worst-case scenario, caused by the combination of intense rainfall storms, a high 0°C isotherm level and material availability in the basins where the flows are triggered. The results show that the runout distances are well simulated, therefore a debris-flow hazard map could be developed with these models. Correlation issues concerning the run-up, deposit thickness and transversal areas are reported. Hence, the models do not represent entirely the complexity of the phenomenon, but they are a reliable approximation for preliminary hazard maps.

Julio Sanguily y Garritte (1846-1906 y los alzamientos de febrero de 1895 en el occidente de Cuba

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de Paz Sánchez, Manuel

1996-08-01

Full Text Available The subject of the failed uprisings of February, 1895 in Cuba´s West has been a controversial matter among historians for almonst as long ago as the events themselves. A number of Cuban scholars, as well as the accounts of people who participated in the uprisings, have not helped to the search for the truth. The reasons for this controversy are very much related to the hypothetical relevance of an all-out rebellion emerging just a short distance from Cuba´s capital, which would have accelerated the independence movement and changed the conflict's outcome. While in a previous work on Cuban banditry I insisted on the critical importance of these uprisings, in this paper I intend to call attention to new data on them, particularly on their most relevant aspect: the role played by the Cuban general Julio Sanguily y Garritte. He has been blamed for the failure of the western revolt, on account of the death of rebel officer -and former social bandit- Manuel García Ponce.

El tema de los fracasados alzamientos insurreccionales del occidente cubano, en febrero de 1895, ha sido objeto de un largo debate historiográfico desde pocos años después de su acaecimiento. Diversos estudiosos cubanos, así como los testimonios de los propios protagonistas de los hechos han contribuido, en numerosas ocasiones, a hacer aún más difícil la búsqueda de la verdad. Las razones de esta polémica están profundamente relacionadas con la hipotética relevancia de un levantamiento en toda regla a escasos kilómetros de la capital cubana, lo que, en teoría, hubiera acelerado el proceso emancipador y cambiado, de diversas maneras, el devenir de la contienda que se saldó con la pérdida de Cuba para España. En nuestro trabajo sobre el bandolerismo cubano (1, insistimos en la importancia crucial de tales acontecimientos y, en esta ocasión, nos proponemos aportar nuevos datos sobre los hechos mencionados, particularmente sobre su aspecto más relevante: el

Measurements of children's exposures to particles and nitrogen dioxide in Santiago, Chile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rojas-Bracho, Leonora; Suh, Helen H.; Koutrakis, Petros [Harvard University, School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA (United States); Oyola, Pedro [Comision Nacional del Medio Ambiente CONAMA, Santiago (Chile)

2002-03-27

An exposure study of children (aged 10-12 years) living in Santiago, Chile, was conducted. Personal, indoor and outdoor fine and inhalable particulate matter (<2.5 {mu}m in diameter, PM{sub 2.5} and <10 {mu}m in diameter, PM{sub 10}, respectively), and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) were measured during pilot (N=8) and main (N=20) studies, which were conducted during the winters of 1998 and 1999, respectively. For the main study, personal indoor and outdoor 24-h samples were collected for five consecutive days. Similar mean personal, indoor and outdoor PM{sub 2.5} concentrations (69.5, 68.5 and 68.1 {mu}g m{sup -3}, respectively) were found. However, for coarse particles (calculated as the difference between measured PM{sub 10} and PM{sub 2.5}, PM{sub 2.5-10}) indoor and outdoor levels (35.4 and 47.4 {mu}g m{sup -3}) were lower than their corresponding personal exposures (76.3 {mu}g m{sup -3}). Indoor and outdoor NO{sub 2} concentrations were comparable (35.8 and 36.9 ppb) and higher than personal exposures (25.9 ppb). Very low ambient indoor and personal O{sub 3} levels were found, which were mostly below the method's limit of detection (LOD). Outdoor particles contributed significantly to indoor concentrations, with effective penetration efficiencies of 0.61 and 0.30 for PM{sub 2.5} and PM{sub 2.5-10}, respectively. Personal exposures were strongly associated with indoor and outdoor concentrations for PM{sub 2.5}, but weakly associated for PM{sub 2.5-10}. For NO{sub 2}, weak associations were obtained for indoor-outdoor and personal-outdoor relationships. This is probably a result of the presence of gas cooking stoves in all the homes. Median I/O, P/I and P/O ratios for PM{sub 2.5} were close to unity, and for NO{sub 2} they ranged between 0.64 and 0.95. These ratios were probably due to high ambient PM{sub 2.5} and NO{sub 2} levels in Santiago, which diminished the relative contribution of indoor sources and subjects' activities to indoor and personal PM

La guerra de la basura de Santiago: desde el derecho a la vivienda al derecho a la ciudad

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Francisco Sabatini

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Con base en un estudio de caso, este artículo discute las características de las movilizaciones populares urbanas en la ciudad de Santiago, Chile, comparándolas con el mítico "movimiento de pobladores" de los años sesenta. Aquéllas aparecen como reactivas, persiguiendo fines prácticos, animadas de cierto espíritu conservador (de defensa de lo que existe o se tiene y cargadas de desconfianza hacia los partidos y el sistema político. Sin embargo, y paradójicamente, el estudio pone de relieve la existencia de trazos democráticos de los que carecía el movimiento de pobladores, cruzado por la lógica clientelista que impulsaban los partidos políticos. Incluso, las actuales iniciativas populares podrían contener potencialidades de cambio social en gran medida insospechadas.Based on a case study, the paper discusses collective political initiatives on the part of popular groups in Santiago, Chile, and makes a comparison with the mythical "pobladores movement" of the sixties -pobladores being the name given in Chile to low-class settlers of the urban periphery. Current mobilizations show up as being reactive, geared at practical goals, inspired by conservatism (the defense of what exists or is possessed and loaded with cynicism towards political parties and the political system. Nevertheless, and paradoxically enough, these collective endeavors may comprise democratic traits which the pobladores movement, crossed as it was by the clientelist logics put forward by political parties, lacked off. Current popular initiatives could even include social change potential to a great extent unsuspected.

Patologías en aborígenes precolombinos de la región central de Santiago del Estero

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Drube, Hilton

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Restos óseos humanos pertenecientes a cuatro individuos son analizados en el presente trabajo con el propósito de evaluar fundamentalmente sus correspondientes patologías óseas y dentales. Los esqueletos fueron exhumados en dos sitios de ocupación aborigen del Período Tardío en la provincia de Santiago del Estero y corresponden a tres adultos, dos de ellos masculinos y el restante femenino, y a un individuo subadulto de sexo probable masculino. Mediante un minucioso análisis escópico se detecta la presencia de anomalías congénitas, anemia, cuadros infecciosos, alteraciones de origen funcional y evidencias de situaciones traumáticas. El individuo subadulto presenta malformaciones de tipo congénitas, afectando sus elementos sacros y al menos una de sus vértebras cervicales. Se observan evidencias de anemia en el mismo individuo, bajo la forma de porosis hiperostótica. Indicadores de infecciones en tejido óseo están presentes en dos adultos, afectando los miembros apendiculares en el primero de ellos y las piezas craneales en el segundo. Las patologías dentales incluyen presencia de periodontitis, cálculos e incidencia poco significativa de caries en los individuos adultos, en tanto que se observa apiñamiento dental, caries e hipoplasia en el esmalte del individuo subadulto. El conjunto de los datos recabados, a pesar del tamaño poco significativo de la muestra, permite aproximar algunas características bioculturales presentes en las poblaciones precolombinas que ocuparon el área de la provincia de Santiago del Estero.

Planificación territorial y crecimiento urbano: desarticulaciones y desafíos de la sostenibilidad urbano-regional en Santiago metropolitano.

OpenAIRE

Cooper Apablaza, Marcelo; Henríquez Ruiz, Cristian

2010-01-01

Los instrumentos de planificación territorial de carácter normativo –planes reguladores de nivel comunal y metropolitano–, han manifestado una limitada capacidad para asumir la sostenibilidad del crecimiento urbano, situación que se ha expresado particularmente en procesos de modificación o actualización de los mismos instrumentos en Santiago de Chile. La opción de la población por la vivienda en extensión, a partir del bloqueo ciudadano a las instancias de densificación en altura; el signifi...

Compromiso organizacional y tiempo de servicio en docentes de instituciones educativas de la Red 04 de Santiago de Surco, 2015

OpenAIRE

Coquinche Arévalo De Waitzenbeck, Almeyra

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general el determinar la relación que existe entre el compromiso organizacional y el tiempo de servicio en docentes de instituciones educativas de la Red 04 de Santiago de Surco, 2015, la población de 125 docentes, la muestra no probabilística consideró toda la población, en los cuales se ha empleado las variables: Compromiso Organizacional y Tiempo de Servicio. El método empleado en la investigación fue el hipotético deductivo, esta...

Desenvolupament i publicació web del mòdul de consulta de camins integrat al servidor de mapes del consell comarcal del Vallès Occidental

OpenAIRE

Gallart i Garcia, Meritxell

2009-01-01

L'objectiu del projecte és elaborar un mòdul de consulta de camins i publicar-lo al servidor de mapes del Consell Comarcal del Vallès Occidental. Des del visor del servidor web, aquest mòdul permet realitzar consultes clares i intuïtives sobre les característiques i situació dels camins. El projecte es diferencia en dues parts bàsiques: la construcció de la base de dades, gestionada a través PostgreSQL/PostGIS i, l'altra, el desenvolupament de l'aplicació de consulta, programada en els llengu...

Evaluación ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba por exposición bioacumulativa a metales pesados Environmental evaluation of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba due to bioaccumulative exposure to heavy metals

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George Argota Pérez

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la salud ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba, expuesto a metales pesados, mediante la utilización de la especie biorreguladora Gambusia punctata. Se analizaron 271 individuos adultos clasificados por sexo, para lo cual se escogieron los intervalos de clases de edades 2,1-3,0 y 3,1-4,0 cm, según la longitud total, respectivamente. La mezcla ácida aplicada estuvo compuesta por ácido perclórico - ácido sulfúrico; (7:1 ácido nítrico para determinar los niveles bioacumulados en hígado, branquias y cerebro como órganos diana. Los metales analizados: cobre, zinc, plomo y cadmio, se cuantificaron mediante espectrometría por plasma inductivamente acoplado con vista axial. Se hallaron diferencias significativas (pThe environmental health of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba, exposed to heavy metals was evaluated by means of the bioregulatory species Gambusia punctata. Two hundred and seventy five adults were analyzed and classified by sex, for whom the intervals of age classes 2.1-3.0 and 3.1-4.0 cm were chosen, according to the total longitude, respectively. The applied acid mixture was composed by perchloric acid - sulphuric acid; (7:1 nitric acid to determine the bioaccumulated levels in liver, branchiae and brain as target organs. The analyzed metals: copper, zinc, lead and cadmium, were quantified by means of spectrometry by plasma inductively coupled with axial view. There were significant differences (p <0.05 in the bioaccumulated values between intervals and sexes. It was concluded that the levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals overcame the permissible values, so that they represent an environmental risk in the quality of those waters.

Comparative Analysis of Inpatient Costs for Obstetrics and Gynecology Surgery Patients Treated With IV Acetaminophen and IV Opioids Versus IV Opioid-only Analgesia for Postoperative Pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Hansen, Ryan N; Pham, An T; Lovelace, Belinda; Balaban, Stela; Wan, George J

2017-10-01

Recovery from obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) surgery, including hysterectomy and cesarean section delivery, aims to restore function while minimizing hospital length of stay (LOS) and medical expenditures. Our analyses compare OB/GYN surgery patients who received combination intravenous (IV) acetaminophen and IV opioid analgesia with those who received IV opioid-only analgesia and estimate differences in LOS, hospitalization costs, and opioid consumption. We performed a retrospective analysis of the Premier Database between January 2009 and June 2015, comparing OB/GYN surgery patients who received postoperative pain management with combination IV acetaminophen and IV opioids with those who received only IV opioids starting on the day of surgery and continuing up to the second postoperative day. We performed instrumental variable 2-stage least-squares regressions controlling for patient and hospital covariates to compare the LOS, hospitalization costs, and daily opioid doses (morphine equivalent dose) of IV acetaminophen recipients with that of opioid-only analgesia patients. We identified 225 142 OB/GYN surgery patients who were eligible for our study of whom 89 568 (40%) had been managed with IV acetaminophen and opioids. Participants averaged 36 years of age and were predominantly non-Hispanic Caucasians (60%). Multivariable regression models estimated statistically significant differences in hospitalization cost and opioid use with IV acetaminophen associated with $484.4 lower total hospitalization costs (95% CI = -$760.4 to -$208.4; P = 0.0006) and 8.2 mg lower daily opioid use (95% CI = -10.0 to -6.4), whereas the difference in LOS was not significant, at -0.09 days (95% CI = -0.19 to 0.01; P = 0.07). Compared with IV opioid-only analgesia, managing post-OB/GYN surgery pain with the addition of IV acetaminophen is associated with decreased hospitalization costs and reduced opioid use.

HIV prevalence, AIDS knowledge, and condom use among female sex workers in Santiago, Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Barrientos, Jaime E; Bozon, Michel; Ortiz, Edith; Arredondo, Anabella

2007-08-01

This paper describes HIV seroprevalence, knowledge of HIV transmission, and condom use among female sex workers (FSW) attending five specialized sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Santiago, Chile. A short questionnaire with socio-demographic, AIDS knowledge, and condom-use variables was administered to 626 FSW. HIV seroprevalence was estimated with a blood test sent to the Chilean Public Health Institute. ELISA was used to confirm HIV in suspected cases. HIV prevalence was 0%. FSW showed adequate overall knowledge of HIV, even better than reported for the Chilean general population on some items. Condom use with clients was high ("always" = 93.4%), although regular use with steady partners was low ("always" = 9.9%). The zero HIV seroprevalence and consistent condom use with clients confirms the positive impact of intervention strategies for FSW, increasing both correct knowledge of AIDS and condom use with clients and helping decrease these women's HIV/AIDS vulnerability.

Automation of the Distillation of Alcohol from the RUM Distillery UEB Santiago de Cuba

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MSc. Mónica Mulet-Hing

2016-02-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the analysis of the current situation and prospects for solutions to the lack of automation in the plant belonging to the rum distillery UEB Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Ron, that leads to limited productivity of your process; also do a survey of its operational status, and seeks to transform the instrumentation and control form. It defines the structure and control system variables, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution. The key result of the work consists in presenting a proposal for automation of the structure consists of a control algorithm to the distillation process, taking into account the requirements, technical means for their execution, the variables that must be observed and processed and final action items proposed to the respective field instrumentation and purchase of the PLC to perform satisfactorily the control with the minimum possible investment.

HIV prevalence, AIDS knowledge, and condom use among female sex workers in Santiago, Chile Prevalencia del VIH, conocimientos sobre el SIDA, y uso del condón en trabajadoras sexuales de Santiago, Chile

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Jaime E. Barrientos

2007-08-01

Full Text Available This paper describes HIV seroprevalence, knowledge of HIV transmission, and condom use among female sex workers (FSW attending five specialized sexually transmitted disease (STD clinics in Santiago, Chile. A short questionnaire with socio-demographic, AIDS knowledge, and condom-use variables was administered to 626 FSW. HIV seroprevalence was estimated with a blood test sent to the Chilean Public Health Institute. ELISA was used to confirm HIV in suspected cases. HIV prevalence was 0%. FSW showed adequate overall knowledge of HIV, even better than reported for the Chilean general population on some items. Condom use with clients was high ("always" = 93.4%, although regular use with steady partners was low ("always" = 9.9%. The zero HIV seroprevalence and consistent condom use with clients confirms the positive impact of intervention strategies for FSW, increasing both correct knowledge of AIDS and condom use with clients and helping decrease these women's HIV/AIDS vulnerability.Este artículo examina la prevalencia del VIH, los conocimientos respecto a su infección y, además, describe el uso del condón en mujeres que ejercen el comercio sexual en Santiago de Chile y que son atendidas en cinco centros especializados de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Se aplicó una encuesta que indagaba sobre las características sociodemográficas, el conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA y el uso del condón a 626 mujeres. La prevalencia del VIH fue evaluada mediante un examen de ELISA. La prevalencia del VIH fue 0. El conocimiento del VIH fue bueno e, incluso, mejor que en población general, en algunos indicadores. El uso del condón con los clientes fue alto, aunque su uso regular con las parejas estables fue bajo. La prevalencia cero del VIH y el uso consistente de condones con los clientes confirma el impacto positivo que han tenido las estrategias de intervención implementadas para estos grupos, incrementando el conocimiento adecuado sobre el SIDA y el

X-Band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Comparison of Mononuclear Mn(IV)-oxo and Mn(IV)-hydroxo Complexes and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Mn(IV) Zero-Field Splitting.

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Leto, Domenick F; Massie, Allyssa A; Colmer, Hannah E; Jackson, Timothy A

2016-04-04

X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to probe the ground-state electronic structures of mononuclear Mn(IV) complexes [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) and [Mn(IV)(O)(OH)(Me2EBC)](+). These compounds are known to effect C-H bond oxidation reactions by a hydrogen-atom transfer mechanism. They provide an ideal system for comparing Mn(IV)-hydroxo versus Mn(IV)-oxo motifs, as they differ by only a proton. Simulations of 5 K EPR data, along with analysis of variable-temperature EPR signal intensities, allowed for the estimation of ground-state zero-field splitting (ZFS) and (55)Mn hyperfine parameters for both complexes. From this analysis, it was concluded that the Mn(IV)-oxo complex [Mn(IV)(O)(OH)(Me2EBC)](+) has an axial ZFS parameter D (D = +1.2(0.4) cm(-1)) and rhombicity (E/D = 0.22(1)) perturbed relative to the Mn(IV)-hydroxo analogue [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) (|D| = 0.75(0.25) cm(-1); E/D = 0.15(2)), although the complexes have similar (55)Mn values (a = 7.7 and 7.5 mT, respectively). The ZFS parameters for [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) were compared with values obtained previously through variable-temperature, variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH MCD) experiments. While the VTVH MCD analysis can provide a reasonable estimate of the magnitude of D, the E/D values were poorly defined. Using the ZFS parameters reported for these complexes and five other mononuclear Mn(IV) complexes, we employed coupled-perturbed density functional theory (CP-DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations with second-order n-electron valence-state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) correction, to compare the ability of these two quantum chemical methods for reproducing experimental ZFS parameters for Mn(IV) centers. The CP-DFT approach was found to provide reasonably acceptable values for D, whereas the CASSCF/NEVPT2 method fared worse, considerably overestimating the magnitude of D in several cases. Both methods were poor in

Photography in the boundaries of the visible. From Santiago Ramón y Cajal to Cecil Frank Powell

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Francisco López-Cantos

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this article, we analyze the use of photographic technologies of two renowned researchers whose investigation results would have been impossible to carry out, as occurs in Galileo a few centuries before with the use of imaging techniques, without the use of photography: Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Cecil Frank Powell, Nobel Prize winners in medicine in 1906 and in physics in 1950, respectively. These researchers were selected, first, because of their close relation with photography and, second, to clearly illustrate the gradual transgression of scientific photographic representation starting in the late nineteenth century from the visible to the invisible.

El Valor Económico Agregado de la Fundación Miguel Mujica Santiago de Surco -2013-2015

OpenAIRE

Tarazón Rios, Wilmer Eduardo

2017-01-01

En la investigación titulada: El Valor Económico Agregado de la Fundación Miguel Mujica en Santiago de Surco 2013-2015, el objetivo general de la investigación es determinar la evolución de Valor Económico Agregado en la Fundación Miguel Mujica en los años 2013 al 2015. El tipo de investigación es básica, el nivel de investigación es descriptivo y el diseño de la investigación es descriptivo comparativo y el enfoque es comparativo. La información estuvo conformada por los es...

Aspectos fitossociológicos dos "capões" na região de Carovi e Tupantuba, em Santiago, RS.

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Solon Jonas Longhi

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O trabalho descreve a composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica da floresta em forma de "capões" ma região de Carovi e Tupentuba, no município de Santiago, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A vegetação é relativamente heterogênea. Foram encontradas quarenta e uma espécies arbóreas, das quais a Styrax leprosus Hook. et Arn., Lonchocarpus sp., Myrcia bombycina (Berg Klaersk., são as mais características e importantes da associação. Encontrou-se, também, abundante regeneração natural.

Gravity derived depth to basement in Santiago Basin, Chile: implications for its geological evolution, hydrogeology, low enthalpy geothermal, soil characterization and geo-hazards

OpenAIRE

Yáñez, Gonzalo; Muñoz, Mauricio; Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina; Bosch, Andrés

2015-01-01

A recording of 1,115 gravimetric stations, the review of 368 wells, and the petrophysics measurements of 106 samples from representative outcrops have been used for a comprehensive geological/geophysical study of Santiago Basin. 2.5D and 3D gravimetric modeling, constrained by regional geology, soil and bedrock densities, edge-basin outcrops, depth (minimum) to basement from wells, and detailed modeling of heterogeneous bedrock and midcrustal blocks, provided a well-constrained depth to basem...

IV treatment at home

Science.gov (United States)

... Other IV treatments you may receive after you leave the hospital include: Treatment for hormone deficiencies Medicines for severe nausea that cancer chemotherapy or pregnancy may cause Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain (this is IV ...

Del revisionismo al freudomarxismo: los marxistas freudianos en los orígenes de la revolución cultural occidental

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David Pavón-Cuéllar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se ofrece una visión panorámica de algunos de los principales encuentros entre el marxismo y el psicoanálisis en el tiempo de entreguerras. Estos encuentros se caracterizan por una revalorización política de lo psíquico, lo singular y lo subjetivo, la cual, en los orígenes de la revolución cultural occidental de la segunda mitad del siglo XX , resulta precursora de l auge de los factor es personal es y micropolítico s en el feminismo, los movimientos juveniles , el combate por la emancipación sexual y otras luchas de las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Se abordan las revisiones freudianas del marxismo en Henri De Man y Max Eastman, la reapropiación marxista de tales revisiones en Antonio Gramsci, José Carlos Mariátegui y Alfonso Teja Zabre, y las propuestas freudomarxistas de Siegfried Bernfeld, Wilhelm Reich y Otto Fenichel.

A cerium(IV)-carbon multiple bond

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gregson, Matthew; Lu, Erli; McMaster, Jonathan; Lewis, William; Blake, Alexander J.; Liddle, Stephen T. [Nottingham Univ. (United Kingdom). School of Chemistry

2013-12-02

Straightforward access to a cerium(IV)-carbene complex was provided by one-electron oxidation of an anionic ''ate'' cerium(III)-carbene precursor, thereby avoiding decomposition reactions that plague oxidations of neutral cerium(III) compounds. The cerium(IV)-carbene complex is the first lanthanide(IV)-element multiple bond and involves a twofold bonding interaction of two electron pairs between cerium and carbon. [German] Auf direktem Wege zu einem Cer(IV)-Carbenkomplex gelangt man durch die Einelektronenoxidation einer anionischen Carben-Cerat(III)-Vorstufe. So werden Zersetzungsprozesse vermieden, die die Oxidation neutraler Cer(III)-Verbindungen erschweren. Der Cer(IV)-Carbenkomplex enthaelt die erste Lanthanoid(IV)-Element-Mehrfachbindung; dabei binden Cer und Kohlenstoff ueber zwei Elektronenpaare.

Transportation, Social Inequality and Spatial Capital: Comparative Analysis between Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile

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Ricardo Apaolaza

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper studies how the characteristics of Latin American urban transportation generate dimensions of dispute of ‘spatial capital’, meaning an individually internalizable type of urban resource which results from the combination of objective material conditions and subjective socio-cultural conditions. These conditions determine a socially differentiated use of territory and sometimes are decisive elements in opening new niches for high-end real-estate producers and consumers, hence linking with processes of displacement and exclusion. The study cases compare four neighborhoods from Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile, two peripherals and two pericentrals. The results show, considering the role of new infrastructure, a strong difference between residents from the peripheral cases and little difference in the pericentral cases, identifying, however, processes of a dispute over the ownership and use of urban space and the neighborhood, in all the cases.

RODRÍGUEZ LLERA, Ramón, Japón en occidente. Arquitecturas y paisajes del imaginario japonés, del exotismo a la modernidad.

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Valeriano Sierra Morillo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El viaje que nos propone Ramón Rodríguez Llera a través de las relaciones entre la arquitectura occidental y la japonesa se nos presenta con la engañosa apariencia de una mirada al despertar del Japón moderno, nacido de la renovación Meiji. No es la única trampa que el desbordante texto esconde tras su ambigua linealidad expositiva. En efecto, la prosa burbujeante con la que nos deleita el autor nos narra de forma exhaustiva y profusamente documentada el camino que recorre el país del Sol Naciente y, particularmente su arquitectura, en los últimos ciento cincuenta años.

Robert Muchembled. El Orgasmo y Occidente. Una Historia del Placer desde el Siglo XVI a nuestros días. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2008, 425 págs.

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Diana Crucelly González Rey

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El orgasmo, la voluptuosidad, el disfrute, solían ser un tema tabú en occidente. Robert Muchembled presenta esta historia social, producto de su estancia académica en el Institute for Advanced Study de Princenton, en un extenso argumento que abarca desde el Renacimiento en los siglos XVI y XVII hasta nuestros días en lo que el autor ha denominado “el triunfo del narcisismo”.

Trends In The Elemental Composition Of PM2.5 In Santiago, Chile From 1998 To 2006

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz, P.; Oyola, P.; Gramsch, E.; Moreno, F.; Koutrakis, P.

2007-05-01

Santiago, Chile is one of the most polluted cities in South America. As a response, over the past 15 years, numerous pollution reduction programs have been implemented by the environmental authority, Comision Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA). This paper assesses the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the trends of PM2.5 and its elemental composition. Daily fine particle filter samples were collected in Santiago, Chile at a downtown location from April 1998 through March 2003. Additionally, meteorological variables were measured continuously. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 decreased only marginally, from 41.8 μg/m3 for the 1998/1999 period to 35.4 μg/m3 for the 2002/2003 period. PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the annual U.S. EPA Standard of 15 μg/m3. Additionally, about 20% of the days exceeded the old standard of 65 μg/m3, while about half of the days exceeded the new standard (effective in 2006) of 35 μg/m3. Mean PM2.5 levels during the cold season (April through September) were three times as high as those observed in the warm season (October through March). Particulate mass and elemental concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for year, month, weekday, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. Significant decreases were observed for Pb, Br, and S concentrations, while minor but still significant decreases were observed for Ni, Al, Si, Ca and Fe. The larger decreases were associated with specific remediation policies implemented to remove lead from gasoline, the reduction of sulfur levels in diesel fuel, and the introduction of natural gas. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs, specially the ones related to transport, have been effective in reducing various important components of PM. However, particle mass and other associated element levels remain high and it is thus imperative to continue the efforts to improve air quality, particularly, focusing on industrial

Trends in the elemental composition of fine particulate matter in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2003.

Science.gov (United States)

Sax, Sonja N; Koutrakis, Petros; Rudolph, Pablo A Ruiz; Cereceda-Balic, Francisco; Gramsch, Ernesto; Oyola, Pedro

2007-07-01

Santiago, Chile, is one of the most polluted cities in South America. As a response, over the past 15 yr, numerous pollution reduction programs have been implemented by the environmental authority, Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. This paper assesses the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the trends of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and its associated elements. Daily fine particle filter samples were collected in Santiago at a downtown location from April 1998 through March 2003. Additionally, meteorological variables were measured continuously. Annual average concentrations of PM(2.5) decreased only marginally, from 41.8 microg/m3 for the 1998-1999 period to 35.4 microg/m3 for the 2002-2003 period. PM(2.5) concentrations exceeded the annual U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 15 microg/m3. Also, approximately 20% of the daily samples exceeded the old standard of 65 microg/m3, whereas approximately half of the samples exceeded the new standard of 35 microg/m3 (effective in 2006). Mean PM(2.5) levels measured during the cold season (April through September) were three times higher than those measured in the warm season (October through March). Particulate mass and elemental concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for year, month, weekday, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed significant decreases for Pb, Br, and S concentrations and minor but still significant decreases for Ni, Al, Si, Ca, and Fe. The larger decreases were associated with specific remediation policies implemented, including the removal of lead from gasoline, the reduction of sulfur levels in diesel fuel, and the introduction of natural gas. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs, especially the ones related to transport, have been effective in reducing various important components of PM(2.5). However, particle mass and other associated element levels remain high, and it is thus

Effect of soiling and sunlight exposure on the performance ratio of photovoltaic technologies in Santiago, Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urrejola, Elias; Antonanzas, Javier; Ayala, Paulo; Salgado, Marcelo; Ramírez-Sagner, Gonzalo; Cortés, Cristian; Pino, Alan; Escobar, Rodrigo

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Performance ratio of PV panels decays daily between 0.13% and 0.56% under soiling. • PV panel degradation is 1.29% for poly, 1.74% for mono and 2.77% for thin film. • An annual weather-corrected performance ratio of 75% is calculated. • A critical cleaning period of 45 days is proposed, no matter cleaning and energy prices. - Abstract: The performance, yearly degradation, and annual yield of photovoltaic systems have been studied in outdoor exposure for two years period 2014–2015 in Santiago, capital of Chile. Photovoltaic panels performance degrades daily in a rate between −0.13% and −0.56% under soiling in highly polluted Santiago, Chile. Yearly degradation of the arrays system was found to be in the order of 1.29% for the polycrystalline array, 1.74% for the monocrystalline array, and 2.77% for the thin film system array. The annual production yield reached 1419–1373 kW h/kWp for Poly, 1459–1444 kW h/kWp for Mono, and 1248–1236 kW h/kWp for TF, in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The annual in-plane irradiation measured reached 1981.3 kW h/m"2 and 1943.2 kW h/m"2, for 2014 and 2015, respectively. A weather-corrected performance ratio is presented showing a yearly performance ratio of around 75% for all technologies. Monthly cleaning and random rain fall have shown positive effects as primarily solutions. Furthermore, we studied the optimal strategies of cleaning for different energy prices and we defined a critical cleaning period of 45 days for a real case, independent on cleaning cost and energy prices. This work contains novel results for the Chilean capital city and can be applied to future installations in the area and serve as further insights for the development of solar energy in Chile.

Evaluation of total phenol pollution in water of San Martin Canal from Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Science.gov (United States)

Acosta, C A; Pasquali, C E López; Paniagua, G; Garcinuño, R M; Hernando, P Fernández

2018-05-01

Santiago del Estero is a province located in northwestern Argentina. The Dulce River is used for irrigation through a vast network of channels and ditches, including the San Martin Canal (SMC), which crosses the capital city of Santiago del Estero. This canal's water is used for drinking, as well as recreational use for the general population. However, this river has been seriously polluted for several decades. The present study focuses on the identification and the quantification of the water pollution levels of total phenols in the SMC according to the seasonal periods. Water samples from various areas of the canal in different months of the year, extending from December to September, were collected for analysis. Additionally, the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides, sulphates, nitrites and organic matter, as well as water hardness and alkalinity, were analysed in order to conduct a more complete study of the contamination of this area. The results showed a worrying total phenol concentration that exceeded the limit set by Argentine legislation for drinking water, as well as water for recreational use (5 μg/L). The total phenol (TP) concentration was directly determined by a molecular absorption spectroscopy method based on a new flow injection analysis system (FIA). Under the selected experimental conditions, the detection and quantification limits were 0.0490 and 0.1633 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method provides a number of improvements related to the speed of analysis, the restricted consumption of the reagents and sample volumes and the unnecessary sample treatment that contribute to environmentally friendly analytical chemistry. The results showed that TP make a significant contribution in the SMC pollution, especially during the months of April (400 ± 110 μg/L) and September (240 ± 20 μg/L). A high sulphate concentration that was higher than the limit allowed by the legislation was also found. Copyright �

Living City: community mobilization to build active transport policies and programs in Santiago, Chile

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L. Sagaris

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Although the usefulness of walking and cycling to promote health is increasingly recognized, the importance of civil society leadership in developing new policies and activities is often overlooked. This case study, of Living City (Ciudad Viva a community-based organization in Santiago, Chile, examines how several communities used knowledge about transport’s impact on the environment and health, gained through opposition to a major highway project, to build effective sustainable urban transport initiatives.Inspired by urban reforms in Bogot´a, Living City now focuses mainly on “active transport” (formerly nonmotorized, building the policies, attitudes and infrastructure necessary to encourage walking and cycling, and the inclusion of the differently abled. It has won two major awards for innovation and now partners with NGOs in The Netherlands and elsewhere in Chile and Latin America.Moreover, Living City now organizes cycling-inclusive training programs, design charrettes and participatory processes in cooperation with Santiago’s regional and national authorities. Its publication, La Voz de La Chimba, distributed free throughout the city by volunteers, has helped to open people’s eyes to the implications of active transport for social equality and health, and provided support to other citizens’ initiatives, struggling to get off the ground.This experience illustrates how citizens’ and community organizations acquire important knowledge and practical experience in learning by doing situations, and how they can learn to reach out to ordinary people and key policymakers, building bridges across the citizen-policy divide to produce innovative, win-win programs that simultaneously bring change at micro- and macro-levels.Bien que la nécessité de marcher et de faire du vélo pour rester en bonne santé soit de plus en plus reconnue, l’importance du rôle prépondérant de la société civile dans le développement de nouvelles

Viudas y Brujas: Repensar el suttee de la crónica de Santiago Avendaño desde perspectivas feministas Viúvas e Bruges: Repensando a crônica "sati", de Santiago Avendaño a partir de perspectivas feministas Widows and witches: Rethinking the "suttee" in Santiago Avendaño's chronicles from feminist perspectives

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Graciela Hernández

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En la denominada "Crónica de Santiago Avendaño", se describe el asesinato de treinta y dos mujeres en el marco de las exequias de Painé, principal autoridad, cacique o lonko de los rankülche de Leubucó, a mediados del siglo XIX, en la actual provincia de La Pampa (Argentina. Para realizar este análisis partimos de los aportes teóricos de la antropóloga Rita Segato sobre las relaciones entre crímenes de mujeres y disputas por el poder, y del texto de Gayatri Spivak "¿Puede hablar el subalterno?", que incluye un análisis del suttee desde la teoría de la subalternidad. Hasta el momento se ha sostenido que la crónica identifica dos motivos para matar a las mujeres: por viudas y por brujas. Pretendemos analizar, a partir de esta fuente y de otras del siglo XIX (principalmente de Luis De la Cruz y Lucio Mansilla, cómo se construyeron las categorías de viudas y brujas. También queremos hacer visible la participación de los refugiados "blancos" en el ritual que estamos analizando.No chamado "Santiago Avendaño Chronicle, descreve o assassinato de trinta e duas mulheres em conexão com o funeral de Paine, principal autoridade, o chefe ou lonko Leubuco Rankulche de meados do século XIX, na província de La Pampa (Argentina. Para realizar esta análise, partimos de contribuições teóricas da antropóloga Rita Segato sobre a relação entre os crimes das mulheres e disputas de poder, eo texto de Gayatri Spivak "Pode o subalterno falar?", que inclui uma análise da teoria suttee de subserviência. Até agora tem sido defendido que crônico identifica duas razões para matar as mulheres, e as viúvas e as bruxas. Tente analisar a partir dessa fonte século XIX e outras (principalmente Luis de la Cruz e Lucio Mansilla, foram construídas categorias de viúvos e bruxas. Também queremos fazer participação visível do "branco" refugiados no ritual que estamos analisando.The so-called 'Santiago Avendaño chronicles' describe the

Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in camel milk protein hydrolysates.

Science.gov (United States)

Nongonierma, Alice B; Paolella, Sara; Mudgil, Priti; Maqsood, Sajid; FitzGerald, Richard J

2018-04-01

Nine novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides (FLQY, FQLGASPY, ILDKEGIDY, ILELA, LLQLEAIR, LPVP, LQALHQGQIV, MPVQA and SPVVPF) were identified in camel milk proteins hydrolysed with trypsin. This was achieved using a sequential approach combining liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), qualitative/quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and confirmatory studies with synthetic peptides. The most potent camel milk protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, LPVP and MPVQA, had DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of 87.0 ± 3.2 and 93.3 ± 8.0 µM, respectively. DPP-IV inhibitory peptide sequences identified within camel and bovine milk protein hydrolysates generated under the same hydrolysis conditions differ. This was linked to differences in enzyme selectivity for peptide bond cleavage of camel and bovine milk proteins as well as dissimilarities in their amino acid sequences. Camel milk proteins contain novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides which may play a role in the regulation of glycaemia in humans. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FAMILIA, PODER Y ESMERALDAS. Relaciones de género y estructura económica minera en el occidente de Boyacá, Colombia

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JOHANNA A. PARRA BAUTISTA

2006-01-01

Full Text Available LA ORGANIZACIÓN SOCIAL Y CULTURAL DE LA ZONA ESMERALDÍFERA DEL OCCIDENTE DEL departamento de Boyacá (Colombia está relacionada con los insumos de la producción minera, que se reflejan en las transformaciones de las estructuras de parentesco y las adaptaciones de la familia. Este artículo expone una aproximación etnográfica al complejo familiar de la región, con el objeto de comprender la incidencia de las jerarquías en las relaciones de género y en la crianza de los hijos. Por medio del texto se presenta el poder masculino como acción de dominio de medios de producción, y el control femenino como relaciones con otros miembros de la familia nuclear y extensa.

INTERPRETACIÓN DE LA COSMOVISIÓN AMAZÓNICA SHUAR A TRAVÉS DE UN MONOLITO ANTROPOZOOMORFO PROCEDENTE DE WAPULA (MORONA SANTIAGO, ECUADOR (Interpretation of the Shuar Amazonian Worldview through an Anthropozoomorphic Monolith from Wapula, Morona Santiago, Ecuador

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Edwin Hernán Ríos Rivera

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende introducirse en el proceso cognoscitivo de paradigmas y estructuras teocráticas, posiblemente politeístas —representadas en el código iconográfico, iconológico y morfoespacial— a través del estudio de un monolito de andesita procedente del sitio arqueológico de Wapula (Morona Santiago, Ecuador. La pieza, sin contexto arqueológico conocido pero con una clara iconografía shuar, ha sido seleccionada para hacer un acercamiento a la cosmovisión de este pueblo y la importancia de la figura del uwishin en la misma. El estudio de estas piezas contribuye a la puesta en valor y conservación preventiva de uno de los más importantes bienes culturales del enclave amazónico ecuatoriano. El monolito en cuestión permite entender la cosmovisión del pueblo shuar a través del estudio de sus características, lo cual se vio ampliado con un análisis químico-mineralógico realizado en el Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (España. ENGLISH: This article is intended to introduce readers to the cognitive processes of potentially polytheistic theocratic structures and paradigms represented in the iconographic, iconological, and morpho-spatial characteristics of an andesite monolith from the archaeological site of Wapula (Morona Santiago, Ecuador. The piece, whose archaeological context is unknown but whose iconography is clearly Shuar, was selected in order to study the worldview of Wapula and the importance of the uwishin figure there. The study of these figures contributes to the valuation and preventative conservation of one of the most important pieces of cultural heritage in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Our analysis of allowed us to understand the Shuar worldview through the analysis of its features; this was amplified by a chemical-mineralogical analysis accomplished in the University Institute of Heritage Restoration, Polytechnic University of Valencia

Environmental studies in two communes of Santiago de Chile by the analysis of magnetic properties of particulate matter deposited on leaves of roadside trees

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz, David; Aguilar, Bertha; Fuentealba, Raúl; Préndez, Margarita

2017-03-01

Emissions from motor vehicles are considered to be one of the main sources of airborne particulate matter in Santiago. International researchers have shown that particulate matter contains metal oxides and magnetic particles, both of which are emitted mainly from vehicles exhaust pipes. On the other hand, trees are effective in reducing such contamination, so that they act as passive collectors of particulate matter. This work presents the results obtained from the first magnetic study of the particulate matter collected in two areas of the city of Santiago de Chile. Magnetic susceptibility and Saturation Isothermic Remanent Magnetization (SIRM) were determined in leaves from abundant urban trees and from urban dust samples. Results indicate that most of the samples contain ferromagnetic minerals with magnetite (Fe3O4) as the main carrier. Values of magnetic susceptibility (SI ×10-6 m3/kg) in the range 0.04-0.24 for leaves and in the range 10-45 for urban dust were determinated. In one of the city areas studied, significant correlation between the particulate matter deposited on leaves of Platanus orientalis and measured traffic flows was obtained. In addition, it was possible to estimate that the species Platanus orientalis and Acer negundo have a better ability to capture particulate matter than the species Robinia pseudoacacia.

Three-phase shots and monopolar reclose in the core network of 400 kV of the Area de Control Occidental of CFE and Its normal probability of occurrence; Disparos trifasicos y de recierre monopolar en la red troncal de 400 kV del area de control occidental, CFE, y su probabilidad normal de ocurrencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Narvaez Perez, Camilo; Garcia Conejo, Dante Aristoteles [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Centro Nacional de Control de Energia, Area de Control Occidental, Zapopan, Jalisco (Mexico)]. E-mail: camilo.narvaez@cfe.gob.mx; camilo.narvaez@univa.mx; Ramirez Peredo, Patricia [Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico)]. E-mail: patyrape@hotmail.com; Blanco Gomez, Cesar Eduardo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Centro Nacional de Control de Energia, Area de Control Occidental, Zapopan, Jalisco (Mexico)

2013-03-15

The growing power demand of users, who make loads of power systems, causes the components of such systems operating near its operating limits. And the transmission line, being the most common component in these, requires a thorough analysis in regard to the probability of three-phase shots and monopolars reclosing, considering thunderstorms, the demand system time, the flows circulating in lines, maintenance on other lines and other imponderantes. This research analyzes the normal probability of occurrence of shots in the 400 kV core network of the Area de Control Occidental, CFE and its impact on studies conducted prior to the maintenance. We intend to use the methodology in the Comision Federal de Electricidad and results can be validated with data from previous years, based on a pseudo shots forecast in a given period. [Spanish] La creciente demanda de energia electrica de los usuarios que componen las cargas de los sistemas electricos de potencia, provoca que los componentes de dichos sistemas funcionen cerca de sus limites operativos. Y la linea de transmision, al ser el componente mas comun en estos, requiere de un analisis minucioso en lo que respecta a la probabilidad de disparos trifasicos y recierres monopolares, considerando tormentas electricas, la demanda horaria del sistema, los flujos que circulan en las lineas, los mantenimientos en las demas lineas y demas imponderantes. En esta investigacion se analiza la probabilidad normal de ocurrencia de disparos en la red troncal de 400 kV del Area de Control Occidental y su impacto en los estudios que se realizan previos a los mantenimientos. Se pretende utilizar la metodologia en la Comision Federal de Electricidad, y los resultados pueden ser validados con datos de los anos anteriores, ya que se hace un pseudo pronostico de disparos en un periodo dado.

Revisiting groundwater overdraft based on the experience of the Mancha Occidental Aquifer, Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Santos, P.; Castaño-Castaño, S.; Hernández-Espriú, A.

2018-01-01

Aquifers provide a reliable freshwater source in arid and semiarid regions, where droughts are common and irrigated crops present significant water requirements, so intensive pumping is generally needed. Over-extraction leads to dropping water tables, which in turn threatens the survival of groundwater-dependent ecosystems and water supplies. This calls for strategies to channel hydrological, environmental, agricultural, political and social change. Based on the experience of the Mancha Occidental aquifer, Spain, this paper explores some of the complexities of managing groundwater, dealing with the long-term changes that intensive groundwater use has generated in the region. The Mancha experience shows how environmental conservation may drive social and economic change at the regional scale for periods spanning several decades. What makes this case study unique, however, is the combination of social and environmental conflicts, most of which stem from the prevalence of illegal water use, and their detrimental effect on Ramsar wetlands. The situation exposed a paradox, namely that subsidies for farmers to cut down on water use were actually detrimental to the welfare of groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The unexpected (and timely) occurrence of extreme rainfall events in recent times, after 40 years of ineffective management measures and sustained environmental degradation, enabled the aquifer and its associated wetlands to recover spectacularly to a near-pristine condition. As groundwater-dependent wetlands are highly sensitive ecosystems, it is concluded that it is up to society to decide how much environmental damage can be tolerated in exchange for the social and economic benefits of groundwater-based development.

Presencia de los inmigrantes españoles en la economía de la región de Santiago de Cuba (1902- 1940

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M. Sc. Manuel Pevida-Pupo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Los inmigrantes españoles tuvieron una activa participación en la economía de la región de Santiago de Cuba aunque no pudieron competir con los monopolios norteamericanos en sectores claves como la industria azucarera, la minería, las finanzas y los ferrocarriles; por lo que concentraron sus inversiones en el comercio, las manufacturas y la producción de bebidas, alimentos, confituras y otros artículos.

The Reengineering of Processes a Tool in the Administration of Business: Case Cereales "Santiago"

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Roberto René Moreno-García

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article presents the research result on the application of the Reengineering of processes in the company Cereales Santiago and the introduction of the information sciences through the PesajeVoz software. In the research it is characterized the main deficiencies of the strategic process of commercialization that affect the economic result of the company and the satisfaction of their clients, by the losses and delays when receiving their raw materials. A study is also realized on the evolution of the reengineering of processes concept from its initial formulation and a characterization of some of the methodologies for its application, reference is made to an own methodology generic for the application of the reengineering of processes in the Cuban system of companies, that have been validated it in the company study object, allowed obtaining of results of impacts in quantitative and qualitative benefits for the company and its clients. 

Leucemias agudas en ancianos de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba

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Lidia Clara Suárez Beyríes

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 64 pacientes mayores de 60 años con leucemia aguda, atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el quinquenio 2006-2011, para determinar las principales características clínicas y hematológicas en el momento del diagnóstico, así como la supervivencia global de los afectados, aunque los tratamientos administrados no tenían criterio curativo. La edad promedio de los ancianos fue de 70 años, en un rango etario de 60 a 90; en tanto, la variedad no linfoblástica representó 98,4 %, y todos los pacientes presentaron anemia y trombocitopenia como alteraciones hematológicas, con incremento en los requerimientos transfusionales. De igual forma, la presencia de blastos en la sangre periférica se demostró en 50 % y la hiperleucocitosis en 59,4 %, mientras las principales causas de muerte estuvieron relacionadas con la hemorragia cerebral y la progresión de la enfermedad con la infiltración multiorgánica, lo cual condujo a una supervivencia muy corta de los integrantes de la serie

[Food-related lifestyles and eating habits inside and outside the home in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile].

Science.gov (United States)

Schnettler, Berta; Peña, Juan Pablo; Mora, Marcos; Miranda, Horacio; Sepúlveda, José; Denegri, Marianela; Lobos, Germán

2013-01-01

To distinguish consumer typologies on the basis of their food-related lifestyle in the principal municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, and to characterize these according to their food consumption habits inside and outside the home, sociodemographic characteristics and their level of satisfaction with food-related life. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 951 people in the principal municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago (more than 100,000 inhabitants). The instrument for collecting data included an adaptation of the food-related life (FRL) questionnaire and the satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL) scale. The food consumption habits inside and outside the home were asked about as well as sociodemographic classification variables of those surveyed. Using a cluster analysis, five typologies were distinguished with significant differences in the five components obtained from the FRL with a factorial analysis of the principal components. The typologies presented a different gender, age and socioeconomic level profile and differed in the scores obtained on the SWFL. They differed in the frequency with which the person has lunch, tea ("once" in Chile) and dinner at home. With respect to the meals outside the home, the typologies were distinguished according to the frequency of meals in restaurants, fast food outlets and in the purchase of prepared food. A lifestyle where eating is related to low involvement and enjoyment of food is associated with a person's higher socioeconomic level and lower age. Additionally, a greater frequency of meals in restaurants and the purchase of prepared food combined with a lower frequency of meals at home is associated with unhealthy eating habits of little benefit to the person, which might have a bearing on a lower level of food-related life satisfaction. Copyright © AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2013. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.

¿Policentrismo o ampliación de la centralidad histórica en el Área Metropolitana del Gran Santiago?: Evidencia novedosa proveniente de la encuesta Casen 2009

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Jorge Rodríguez V

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Se usan los módulos de "movilidad cotidiana para trabajar" del censo de población de 2002 y de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (Casen de 2009, de Chile, para verificar las hipótesis del avance del policentrismo y de la "difusión del empleo" en el Área Metropolitana del Gran Santiago (AMGS, Chile, planteadas por estudios recientes. Ambas hipótesis se ajustan tanto a las predicciones de las teorías del cambio metropolitano predominantes, como a la experiencia de numerosas ciudades de los países desarrollados y de América Latina. Sin embargo, en ellas se tiende a desconocer el efecto que la segregación residencial socioeconómica a gran escala del AMGS tiene sobre la localización del empleo. La evidencia sistematizada en este trabajo sugiere un proceso mixto en el AMGS: nuevas sub-centralidades aparecen, pero no contrapesan aún el predominio económico de la centralidad histórica ampliada.Questions on commuting from the 2002 Population Census and the 2009 Casen (National Socioeconomic Characterization survey of Chile are used for assessing two hypotheses raised in some recent articles about the Metropolitan Area of Greater Santiago (MAGS: i the advancement of polycentrism, and ii territorial diffusion of employment across the MAGS. Both hypotheses are based on mainstream theories of metropolitan change, and have been supported by evidence from several cities, mostly in developed countries. However, these hypotheses do not take the effects of Santiago's high levels of residential segregation into account. According to results obtained in this study, the MAGS is experiencing a mixed process: new centralities indeed are arising but they do not overshadow yet the concentration of employment in the wider historic centrality.

Complexes of uranium (IV) and thorium (IV) with α-picolinic acid, nicotinic acid, anthranilic acid and N-phenylanthranilic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, M.; Singh, R.

1979-01-01

Stable U(IV) and Th(IV) complexes with the title ligands have been synthesised from U(OAc) 4 , and Th(OAc) 4 . Magnetic susceptibilities, IR and reflectance spectra of U(IV) and IR spectra of Th(IV) complexes have been studied which indicate eight coordination for U(IV) in these chelates. (auth.)

Thorium(IV) and zirconium(IV) complexes of oxygen donor ligands. Pt. 12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, R.K.; Jain, P.C.; Kapur, V.; Sharma, S.; Srivastava, A.K.

1980-01-01

Crystalline thorium (IV) chelates with mono N-oxides of 2,2'-bipyridine (bipyNO) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phenNO), ThX 4 x 2L(X = Cl,Br,NO 3 or NCS) and ThX 4 x 3L(X = I or ClO 4 and L = bipyNO or phenNO) have been synthesised and characterized on the basis of i.r. spectra, molar conductance, molecular weights, t.g.a. and d.t.a. data. All the complexes are weakly diamagnetic and contain bipyNO and phenNO bonded to thorium(IV) through nitrogen and oxygen. The coordination number of thorium(IV) varies from six to twelve depending on the nature of the anions. (orig.) [de

Naturaleza, montaña, deporte y aventura en la vida de Santiago Ramón y Cajal

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Eduardo Garrido Marín

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Santiago Ramón y Cajal fue un hombre excepcional. Su nombre estará siempre unido a la ciencia, pero su vida estuvo comprometida también con otras facetas que son, en general, muy poco conocidas. El deporte, la aventura, la montaña y la naturaleza jugaron un papel trascendental en forjar su personalidad, en el devenir de su salud y en la esencia de su destino científico por el cual es universalmente renombrado. El presente documento se centra en este hecho mediante el análisis del rico legado literario que nos dejó este sabio y, muy especialmente, en lo relacionado con su pasión por la montaña y la naturaleza.

FORMACIÓN BARROSO: ARCO VOLCÁNICO TOLEITICO Y DIABASAS DE SAN JOSÉ DE URAMA: UN PRISMA ACRECIONARIO T-MORB EN EL SEGMENTO NORTE DE LA CORDILLERA OCCIDENTAL DE COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

RODRÍGUEZ G., GABRIEL; ARANGO, MARÍA ISABEL

2013-01-01

En el Segmento Norte de la Cordillera Occidental, entre las fallas Cauca-Almaguer y Dabeiba-Pueblo Rico afloran dos unidades volcánicas, que fueron agrupadas en trabajos anteriores con el nombre de Formación Barroso y que en realidad corresponden a unidades de diferente edad y ambiente geotectónico, que se denominan Diabasas de San José de Urama y Formación Barroso. Las Diabasas de San José de Urama corresponden a bloques tectónicos y cuerpos de diabasas y basaltos almohadillados con texturas...

Solubility of Tc(IV) oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, D.J.; Fan, X.H.

2005-01-01

Full text of publication follows: The deep geological disposal of the high level radioactive wastes is expected to be a safer disposal method in most countries. The long-lived fission product 99 Tc is present in large quantities in nuclear wastes and its chemical behavior in aqueous solution is of considerable interest. Under the reducing conditions, expected to exist in a deep geological repository, it is generally predicted that technetium will be present as TcO 2 .nH 2 O. The solubility of Tc(IV) is used as a source term in performance assessment of radioactive waste repository. Technetium oxide was prepared by reduction of a technetate solution with Sn 2+ . The solubility of Tc(IV) oxide has been determined in simulated groundwater and re-distilled water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The effects of pH and CO 3 2- concentration of solution on solubility of Tc(IV) oxide were studied. The concentration of total technetium and Tc(IV) species in the solutions were periodically determined by separating the oxidized and reduced technetium species using a solvent extraction procedure and counting the beta activity of the 99 Tc with a liquid scintillation counter. The experimental results show that the rate of oxidation of Tc(IV) in simulated groundwater and re-distilled water is about (1.49∼1.86) x 10 -9 mol/(L.d) under aerobic conditions, but Tc(IV) in simulated groundwater and re-distilled water is not oxidized under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic or anaerobic conditions the solubility of Tc(IV) oxide in simulated groundwater and re-distilled water is equal on the whole after centrifugation or ultrafiltration. The solubility of Tc(IV) oxide decreases with the increase of pH at pH 10 and is pH independent in the range 2 -8 to 10 -9 mol/L at 2 3 2- concentration. These data could be used to estimate the Tc(IV) solubility for cases where solubility limits transport of technetium in reducing environments of high-level waste repositories. (authors)

Common molecular determinants of tarantula huwentoxin-IV inhibition of Na+ channel voltage sensors in domains II and IV.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Yucheng; Jackson, James O; Liang, Songping; Cummins, Theodore R

2011-08-05

The voltage sensors of domains II and IV of sodium channels are important determinants of activation and inactivation, respectively. Animal toxins that alter electrophysiological excitability of muscles and neurons often modify sodium channel activation by selectively interacting with domain II and inactivation by selectively interacting with domain IV. This suggests that there may be substantial differences between the toxin-binding sites in these two important domains. Here we explore the ability of the tarantula huwentoxin-IV (HWTX-IV) to inhibit the activity of the domain II and IV voltage sensors. HWTX-IV is specific for domain II, and we identify five residues in the S1-S2 (Glu-753) and S3-S4 (Glu-811, Leu-814, Asp-816, and Glu-818) regions of domain II that are crucial for inhibition of activation by HWTX-IV. These data indicate that a single residue in the S3-S4 linker (Glu-818 in hNav1.7) is crucial for allowing HWTX-IV to interact with the other key residues and trap the voltage sensor in the closed configuration. Mutagenesis analysis indicates that the five corresponding residues in domain IV are all critical for endowing HWTX-IV with the ability to inhibit fast inactivation. Our data suggest that the toxin-binding motif in domain II is conserved in domain IV. Increasing our understanding of the molecular determinants of toxin interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels may permit development of enhanced isoform-specific voltage-gating modifiers.

[Food satisfaction in Mapuche persons in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile].

Science.gov (United States)

Schnettler, Berta; Miranda, Horacio; Sepúlveda, José; Denegri, Marianela; Mora, Marcos; Lobos, Germán

2011-06-01

Although the study and measurement of satisfaction with life has generated great interest in the last 15 years, there are few works which address satisfaction with food-related life. In order to identify variables which have an influence on satisfaction with food-related life among Mapuche persons, a survey was applied to 400 Mapuche subjects in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. The scales evaluated in the questionnaire included: SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life), lifestyles, food, and Mapuche acculturation. It was found that 41.0% were extremely satisfied, 40.5% satisfied, 17.2% somewhat satisfied and 1.2% dissatisfied with their food-related life. To identify variables which have an influence on satisfaction with food, an ordinal multinomial logit model was proposed, which was significant (p Mapuche foods, is aged 55 or more, consumes red meat in moderation, consumes foods without additives, try to balance work and private life, does not read the labels of products, and if he/she had Mapuche friends at school. Thus satisfaction with food-related life in Mapuche persons in the Metropolitan Region is related to demographic variables, expenditure on food, consumption of Mapuche foods and life-style.

Clientelismo, territorio y política subnacional en Argentina. Aportes a partir del caso de Santiago del Estero

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Victoria Ortiz de Rozas

2017-04-01

Full Text Available This article studies the phenomenon of clientelism as an informal institution and poses the question of its persistence in relation to subnational political regimes. A case study was done in the province of Santiago del Estero in Argentina, taking as its starting point the everyday activity of politicians in different elected offices. It showed that, while provincial politicians’ main resource for attaining power is political capital in a territory, once in power, above and beyond their formal attributions, they must act as mediators between their territorial bases and the public administration. Clientelism as an informal institution is imposed upon whoever seeks to accumulate and conserve political power in the province.

Santiago: territorios, anhelos y temores. Efectos sociales y espaciales de la expansión urbana

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María Elena Ducci

2000-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo se propone examinar cuáles son los tipos de espacios que se generan en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, centrando su interés en aquellas áreas que se despliegan en los límites de la urbe. La periferia se ha ido desarrollando a través de la fuerte expansión experimentada por la ciudad durante las últimas décadas, surgiendo en ella nuevos desarrollos que comienzan a modificar la forma de habitar el territorio. Entre estos identificar zonas residenciales de nivel medio y alto, áreas de vivienda social, "artefactos de la globalización" y nuevas zonas industriales. Dada la importancia de los cambios, se analiza cómo dicho crecimiento desigual, está afectando la vida de los habitantes urbanos y cómo resulta vivir en cada uno de estos fragmentos yuxtapuestos. Adicionalmente se examinan las dinámicas que subyacen a las formas urbanas contemporáneas, las políticas de localización de las personas y actividades, el síndrome de la casa propia, el estatus y el estigma en la ciudad, la ciudad que decimos querer para vivir y el miedo a la violencia y al crimenThe article proposes to examine the types of space being generated in Santiago, Chile, focusing on those areas that spread out on the edges of the city. The periphery has been developing through the strong expansion experienced by the city during the last decades, and new developments are beginning to modify the way in which territory is ocuppied. Among these developments are residential areas of middle and upper social levels, areas of public housing, "artifacts of globalization" and new industrial areas. Given the importance of these changes, the paper analyzes how this unequal growth is affecting the life of city-dwellers and what it is like to live in each one of these juxtaposed fragments. Additionally, the dynamics that underlie contemporary urban forms, the politics of people’s location and activities, the syndrome of ownership , urban status and stigma, the city

Subspecies identification of Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes (Primates: Hominidae from the National Zoo of the Metropolitan Park of Santiago, Chile, using mitochondrial DNA sequences

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J.A. Vega

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Natural populations of Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes are declining because of hunting and illegal live animal trafficking. Four subspecies of Chimpanzee have been reported: Pan troglodytes troglodytes, P.t. schweinfurthii, P.t. verus and P.t. ellioti, which have remained geographically separated by natural barriers such as the rivers Niger, Sanaga and Ubangi in central Africa. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA has been used for the determination of these subspecies, which indirectly can also suggest their geographic origin. It was decided to identify the subspecies and the geographic origin of three captive chimpanzees of the National Zoo of the Metropolitan Park of Santiago (Chile, by analyzing their mitochondrial DNA. DNA was extracted from the saliva of three adult chimpanzees (two males and one female. After the analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial hypervariable region (HVI, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using mitochondrial sequences of known Pan troglodytes subspecies. Molecular phylogeny analysis revealed that the chimpanzees are likely to belong to three different subspecies: P.t. schweinfurthii, P.t. verus and P.t. troglodytes. Identification of subspecies of the three chimpanzees of the National Zoo of the Metropolitan Park of Santiago (Chile was possible due to mtDNA analysis. Future identification of chimpanzees will allow the development of a studbook for the chimpanzee subspecies in other Latin American zoos.

On the stabilization of niobium(V) solutions by zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, E.; Bjerre, A.B.

1992-01-01

Niobium cannot be separated from zirconium or hafnium when these elements occur together in solution with common anions such as chloride and sulphate. This is ascribed to the co-polymerization of niobium(V) and the hydrolysed ionic species of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) to form colloidal...

Neptunium (IV) oxalate solubility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luerkens, D.W.

1983-07-01

The equilibrium solubility of neptunium (IV) oxalate in nitric/oxalic acid solutions was determined at 22 0 C, 45 0 C, and 60 0 C. The concentrations of nitric/oxalic acid solutions represented a wide range of free oxalate ion concentration. A mathematical solubility model was developed which is based on the formation of the known complexes of neptunium (IV) oxalate. the solubility model uses a simplified concentration parameter which is proportional to the free oxalate ion concentration. The solubility model can be used to estimate the equilibrium solubility of neptunium (IV) oxalate over a wide range of oxalic and nitric acid concentrations at each temperature

Solimán el Magnífico y Roxolana. El poder del turco en la cultura visual y escrita de Occidente

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Cristina Igual Castelló

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo pretende analizar la imagen de poder creada en Occidente alrededor de Solimán el Magní co y su esposa Roxolana. Bajo el deseo de entender la magni cencia de ambos sultanes, el escrito se ha estructurado en torno a tres aspectos fundamentales. El primero de ellos se ha centrado en la relevancia de Solimán y su imperio, para hallar la explicación de su capacidad militar y la razón de ser considerado una amenaza para el mundo occidental. Seguidamente se ha presentado el palacio como expresión arquitectónica de poder, además de ser el espacio donde se situaba el harén. Ello ha conducido a re exionar sobre el papel de la mujer en la sociedad turca y se ha profundizado en la gura de Roxolana, la favorita del Gran Turco. Así pues, se han estudiado ejemplos de las crónicas, la literatura de viajes, los libros de indumentaria, los grabados y las pinturas elaborados en nuestro continente a lo largo de los siglos xvi y xvii, puesto que la cultura escrita en comunión con las artes visuales se encargaron de crear la imagen conceptual y grá ca de los grandes gobernadores orientales. The aim of this article is to analyse the images of power surrounding Süleyman the Magni cent and his wife, Roxolana. In order to understand the sultan’s splendour the article deals with three key aspects. e rst one is the palace as an architectural ensemble which reveals the governor’s power. e harem was located there as well, which leads us to re ect the role of women in the Turkisch society, and especially the role of Roxolana, the Great Turk’s favourite. Consequently, we study the chronicles, travel literature, clothing books, engravings and paintings made in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. e writings together with the artworks created the conceptual and graphic images about Roxolana and Süleyman, thereby spreading their magni cence and power.

“The sacrifices that the nation requires”. Military business management of public firms. The Argentinian Navy at the Rio Santiago Shipyard (1953-1973)

OpenAIRE

Barragán, Ivonne

2018-01-01

The management of public companies and the management of the industrial work force by the military regime will be studied in this article from the relevant observation. We propose to analyze the forms of corporate-military management in Astillero Rio Santiago (ARS) under the orbit of the Argentina Navy in order to observe some of the singularities in relation to other large state companies. In the ARS, the system of cooperation and simultaneous domain of the workers collective was founded on ...

Enhanced Design Alternative IV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kramer, N.E.

1999-01-01

This report evaluates Enhanced Design Alternative (EDA) IV as part of the second phase of the License Application Design Selection (LADS) effort. The EDA IV concept was compared to the VA reference design using criteria from the Design Input Request for LADS Phase II EDA Evaluations (CRWMS M and O 1999b) and (CRWMS M and O 1999f). Briefly, the EDA IV concept arranges the waste packages close together in an emplacement configuration known as line load. Continuous pre-closure ventilation keeps the waste packages from exceeding their 350 C cladding and 200 C (4.3.6) drift wall temperature limits. This EDA concept keeps relatively high, uniform emplacement drift temperatures (post-closure) to drive water away from the repository and thus dry out the pillars between emplacement drifts. The waste package is shielded to permit human access to emplacement drifts and includes an integral filler inside the package to reduce the amount of water that can contact the waste form. Closure of the repository is desired 50 years after first waste is emplaced. Both backfill and drip shields will be emplaced at closure to improve post-closure performance. The EDA IV concept includes more defense-in-depth layers than the VA reference design because of its backfill, drip shield, waste package shielding, and integral filler features. These features contribute to the low dose-rate to the public achieved during the first 10,000 years of repository life as shown in Figure 3. Investigation of the EDA IV concept has led to the following general conclusions: (1) The total life cycle cost for EDA IV is about $21.7 billion which equates to a $11.3 billion net present value (both figures rounded up). (2) The incidence of design basis events for EDA IV is similar to the VA reference design. (3) The emplacement of the waste packages in drifts will be similar to the VA reference design. However, heavier equipment may be required because the shielded waste package will be heavier. (4) The heavier

Capitalización anticipada del metro de Santiago en el precio de las viviendas

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Claudio Agostini

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En general, las viviendas que por su ubicación muestran mejores accesos tienen un valor de mercado superior respecto a viviendas de características similares con peores accesos. Esta diferencia se debe a los menores costos de transporte hacia los principales mercados laborales y comerciales de una ciudad. Por esta razón, las inversiones en infraestructura pública de transporte, como por ejemplo la construcción de una nueva línea de metro, se capitalizan total o parcialmente en el precio de los terrenos y de las viviendas. Este trabajo estudia empíricamente el grado de capitalización en el precio de las viviendas que tuvo la construcción de la nueva línea 4 del metro en la ciudad de Santiago. En particular, dado que la nueva línea entra en operación en diciembre de 2005, se estima el grado de capitalización anticipada en el precio de las viviendas ocurrido en el momento del anuncio de la construcción de la nueva línea 4 y en el momento del anuncio de la ingeniería básica que determinó la ubicación de las estaciones. Con una base de datos única, que contiene todas las transacciones de compra y venta de viviendas realizadas en el Gran Santiago entre Diciembre de 2000 y Marzo de 2004. Los resultados muestran que el valor promedio de los departamentos aumentó entre 3.3% y 4.4% en consecuencia del anuncio de construcción y entre 4.5% y 5.7% después del conocimiento de la ubicación de las estaciones. Este aumento no se distribuye en forma uniforme, sino que depende de la distancia a la estación de metro más cercana. Un efecto indirecto de esta capitalización es que la recaudación del impuesto a las propiedades aumentaría si se reavalúan las propiedades de acuerdo a su aumento de valor. Este efecto no es despreciable en magnitud y podría representar al menos entre 14 y 20% de la inversión de la nueva línea de metro, lo cual abre una discusión interesante respecto a la forma de financiar la expansión de la red de metro.

Aves y endemismo en los bosques relictos de la vertiente occidental andina del norte del Perú y sur del Ecuador

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Jeremy N. M. Flanagan

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Los bosques relictos de las vertientes occidentales de los Andes del norte del Perú y el sur del Ecuador forman parte de dos regiones, una la denominada región de endemismo tumbesina (caracterizada principalmente por bosques secos y otra, en altitudes mayores, la región de endemismo del sur de los Andes centrales (caracterizada por bosques nublados y páramo. La región tumbesina es reconocida por albergar gran cantidad de aves endémicas, muchas de las cuales están amenazadas, y también por el alto grado de deforestación y fragmentación de sus hábitats naturales. Este artículo presenta un resumen del estado de conservación de dichas aves y bosques, con recomendaciones para mejorar la conservación de los últimos bosques de la vertiente occidental.

Synthesis and characterization of thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) complexes with Schiff bases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radoske, Thomas; Maerz, Juliane; Kaden, Peter; Patzschke, Michael; Ikeda-Ohno, Atsushi [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden (Germany). Chemistry of the F-Elements

2017-06-01

We report herein the synthesis and characterization of several imine complexes of tetravalent thorium (Th(IV)) and uranium (U(IV)). The ligands investigated in this study are a Schiff base type, including the well-known salen ligand (H{sub 2}Le, Fig. 1). The complexation in solution was investigated by NMR measurements indicating paramagnetic effects of unpaired f-electrons of U(IV) on the ligand molecule. We also determined the solid-state molecular structures of the synthesized complexes by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The synthesized complexes show an eight-fold coordination geometry around the actinide center surrounded by two tetradentate ligands with 2N- and 2O-donor atoms.

Thermal comfort and market niches for apartment buildings: impact of the current Thermal Regulation in the private real estate market in Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Encinas Pino, Felipe; De Herde, André; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos; Marmolejo Duarte, Carlos

2009-01-01

Almost a decade has passed since Chile begins to implement a Thermal Regulation for dwellings, which established a minimum requirement for each building component, according to different climatic zones. This article proposes a series of dynamic simulations, in order to assess the thermal comfort (during winter and summer) of apartments in Santiago de Chile for lower and upper middle class. Some building typologies were defined by means of the two stage clustering methodology. These were built...

Estudio comparativo en el duelo post-separación matrimonial en las mujeres de distintos estratos socio-económicos de Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Jacek Burzawa, Marek

2016-01-01

El objetivo general de este estudio es examinar la vivencia del duelo, desde una perspectiva comparativa, en mujeres separadas de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos de Santiago de Chile, con el fin de profundizar en los factores facilitadores y obstaculizadores del mismo. Las participantes, 603 mujeres, fueron evaluadas con los siguientes instrumentos: dos cuestionarios elaborados ad hoc para conocer las características socio-demográficas y datos vinculados con el proceso de separación y ...

Analysis of contaminating elements in tree rings in Santiago, Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romo-Kroeger, C.M.; Avila, M.J.; Eaton, L.C.; Lopez, L.A.

1996-01-01

Using the 22'' isochronous cyclotron at the University of Chile, we have performed PIXE analyses on a group of samples collected from trees of metropolitan parks in Santiago. Dendrochronology was performed on each sample, which was then sectioned for the PIXE and other analyses, neutron activation and electro-chemistry. Available samples are trunk sections or cores obtained by the use of a 4.0 mm stainless steel incremental corer. We took three cores from each tree with permission of the municipalities. For the PIXE we use infinitely thick targets, as wood slabs taken along the trunk radius, and thin targets obtained by acid digestion of wood pieces and deposition on Kapton foils. Self supporting thick targets were placed directly in the PIXE chamber in a position so as to allow the irradiation of a specific annual ring. Potassium and Calcium appear as the most abundant elements in wood. Other elements such as S, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Pb were detected in amounts above the natural background in wood, and can be attributed to environmental contamination. The K/Ca ratios appear to be different for each species of tree, and seem to be related to the physico-chemical properties of wood. Preliminary results show important amounts of As and Cu (supposedly from mining origin) with increasing presence in the recent years. Pb and Zn (supposedly from vehicle origin) are also higher in recent years. (author)

Analysis of contaminating elements in tree rings in Santiago, Chile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romo-Kroeger, C.M.; Avila, M.J.; Eaton, L.C.; Lopez, L.A. [Faculty of Sciences. Univ. of Chile, Santiago (Chile)

1996-12-31

Using the 22`` isochronous cyclotron at the University of Chile, we have performed PIXE analyses on a group of samples collected from trees of metropolitan parks in Santiago. Dendrochronology was performed on each sample, which was then sectioned for the PIXE and other analyses, neutron activation and electro-chemistry. Available samples are trunk sections or cores obtained by the use of a 4.0 mm stainless steel incremental corer. We took three cores from each tree with permission of the municipalities. For the PIXE we use infinitely thick targets, as wood slabs taken along the trunk radius, and thin targets obtained by acid digestion of wood pieces and deposition on Kapton foils. Self supporting thick targets were placed directly in the PIXE chamber in a position so as to allow the irradiation of a specific annual ring. Potassium and Calcium appear as the most abundant elements in wood. Other elements such as S, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Pb were detected in amounts above the natural background in wood, and can be attributed to environmental contamination. The K/Ca ratios appear to be different for each species of tree, and seem to be related to the physico-chemical properties of wood. Preliminary results show important amounts of As and Cu (supposedly from mining origin) with increasing presence in the recent years. Pb and Zn (supposedly from vehicle origin) are also higher in recent years. (author)

Hayao Miyazaki, la lámpara maravillosa. Un estudio de su cine y de sus referencias humanistas a la luz de las conexiones culturales entre Japón y Occidente

OpenAIRE

Fortes Guerrero, Raúl

2017-01-01

«Hayao Miyazaki, la lámpara maravillosa. Un estudio de su cine y de sus referencias humanistas a la luz de las conexiones culturales entre Japón y Occidente». Bajo este título, ofrecemos una completa y profunda investigación centrada en la obra integral del realizador nipón Hayao Miyazaki (1941), aunque con especial incidencia en sus once largometrajes, su única serie televisiva como director absoluto y algunos cortometrajes y mangas. Dicha investigación, en la que desgranamos los temas recto...

Diagnóstico por pesquisa neonatal de metabolopatías congénitas en el Centro Provincial de Genética Médica de Santiago de Cuba

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Daniel Fernando Rojas Bernal

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 20 niños de 0 a 5 años de edad con metabolopatías congénitas (fenilcetonuria, galactosemia, deficiencia de biotinidasa, hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita e hipotiroidismo congénito, quienes habían sido diagnosticados a través de la pesquisa neonatal, procedentes de todos los municipios de Santiago de Cuba, y fueron atendidos en el Centro Provincial de Genética Médica desde el 2006 hasta el 2011, a fin de caracterizarles según algunas variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. En la provincia de Santiago de Cuba se obtuvo una baja tasa de incidencia de los trastornos metabólicos congénitos detectados en la pesquisa neonatal, con una mayor frecuencia del hipotiroidismo congénito (55,0 %. De igual manera, los pacientes mostraban escasas manifestaciones clínicas, las cuales, además, eran leves. Los resultados de la serie reflejaron la presencia de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, unidos a una adecuada atención pediátrica.

Los costos del uso del automóvil y su elasticidad. El caso de Santiago de Chile

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Alejandro Cortés Salinas

2016-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El fenómeno de la congestión y la búsqueda de su reducción y/o mitigación, es un tema de amplio debate actualmente. El argumento central consiste en cómo limitar o hacer más racional el uso del automóvil. Muchas de las propuestas se inscriben dentro de enfoques mercantiles, mediante cobros por circulación o peaje urbano en zonas y/u horarios distintos. Este trabajo analiza los comportamientos de los automovilistas frente a incrementos de sus costos, para verificar si efectivamente existe una relación entre un aumento en los costos de circulación y el desaliento al uso del automóvil. Consecuentemente, se consideró la evolución de los precios de los combustibles, que en Chile son ajustados periódicamente, para relacionarlos con los flujos de tránsito.Se verifica que en Santiago de Chile existe una fuerte inelasticidad en la demanda por el uso del vehículo particular frente a importantes incrementos de costo y por ello, no se asegura que un pago de peaje promueva una reducción de la circulación privada. ABSTRACT Congestion and the search for its reduction or mitigation is nowadays a highly discussed issue. The focal point of this debate is to find alternatives to limit or rationalize the car use. Many current proposals are developed under market approaches, such as congestion charges or urban toll in high-demanded areas or schedules. This paper analyzes the drivers’behavior facing increases in their costs, aiming to detect if there is a relationship between these and the discouragement of car use. To achieve it, the paper takes into account the fuel price evolution adjusted periodically to relate it to traffic flows. It verifies that in Santiago de Chile there is a strong inelasticity in demand for the private car use facing relevant increases of costs; therefore, the introduction of toll payments does not assure a reduction in private circulation.

Diferencias étnicas y de aculturación en el consumo de alimentos en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

OpenAIRE

Schnettler, Berta; Huaiquiñir, Valeska; Mora, Marcos; Miranda, Horacio; Sepúlveda, José; Denegri, Marianela

2009-01-01

Con el objetivo de detectar diferencias en los hábitos de consumo y gasto en alimentos según la etnia del consumidor y grado de aculturación en personas mapuche, se aplicó una encuesta personal a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada por etnia con afijación simple, en cuatro comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile. En los resultados empíricos fue posible evidenciar que los hábitos de consumo de los grupos de alimentos que contemplan las Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares ...

Conference RSIS - Bridging the Digital Divide, with Mr Santiago Borrero, former chair of the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure(GSDI) and current Secretary General of the Pan-Americain Institute for Geography and History (PAIGH)

CERN Multimedia

maximilien brice

2003-01-01

Mr Santiago Borrero talk about priorities in developing affordable means to overcome and minimize the digital divide in spatial information. Some transition economies are developing rapidly, but others - the majority - may continue to have little or no access to information needed for development.

Convergencia en el margen occidental de América del Sur durante el Cenozoico: subducción de las placas de Nazca, Farallón y Aluk

OpenAIRE

R. Somoza; M.E. Ghidella

2005-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan nuevos parámetros de la convergencia cretácica tardía - reciente en el margen occidental de América del Sur. La historia de la convergencia puede describirse en tres etapas: 26-0 Ma, con subducción dominante de la placa Nazca; 47-28 Ma, con subducción dominante de la placa Farallón; y 72-47 Ma, cuando habrían entrado en subducción Farallón (parte norte de la trinchera) y Aluk (parte sur). Las reconstrucciones para la etapa 72-47 Ma son compatibles con una migració...

Fuentes romanas gráficas y literarias del baldaquino y la pérgola de la Catedral de Santiago

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Taín Guzmán, Miguel

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Between 1654 and 1677 the furnishings of the main chapel of the Cathedral of Santiago were reformed following the new Baroque principles imported from Madrid and Italy. The resultant changes are those known today: canopy, camerina and pergola with Solomonic columns and the wooden revetments of the walls. The construction work was directed by the canon of the Cathedral, José de Vega y Verdugo, who had spent several years in Rome, and was carried out first by Francisco de Antas, master builder of the Cathedral, and later by the new master builder, Domingo de Andrade. The Roman sources for these structures —Bernini’s canopy in St. Peter’s Basilica and Constantine’s pergola of twisted columns— are here proposed or revised, with the addition of new graphic and literary data.

Entre 1654 y 1677 se reforma el mobiliario de la capilla mayor de la Catedral de Santiago, siguiendo los nuevos postulados barrocos importados de Madrid e Italia, fruto de la cual es el actual baldaquino, el camarín, la pérgola de columnas salomónicas y el revestimiento lignario de las paredes. Su construcción durante tantos años fue dirigida por el canónigo fabriquero José de Vega y Verdugo, tras su estancia durante varios años en Roma, y llevada a cabo primero por el maestro de obras catedralicio Francisco de Antas y luego por el nuevo maestro mayor catedralicio Domingo de Andrade. En el presente artículo se proponen y revisan las fuentes romanas —el baldaquino de Bernini y la pérgola de columnas torsas de Constantino— del baldaquino y la pérgola, aportando nuevos datos gráficos y literarios.

El efecto de la distancia al mercado sobre la pobreza rural en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago

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Rodrigo Pérez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La pobreza en Chile ha disminuido notablemente desde 1990. En el año 2006, la incidencia de la pobreza rural cayó bajo la de áreas urbanas, debido en parte a la movilidad poblacional. No obstante, los pobres rurales mantienen niveles educacionales y de ingresos bajos, lo que se explica, en parte, por el mayor aislamiento y el menor acceso que tienen a los mercados. Teniendo eso en consideración, este estudio sostiene que la distancia a áreas urbanas (en tiempo de viaje se encuentra correlacionada con la pobreza, una vez que se controla por otros factores. Usando un modelo econométrico que relaciona información geográfica y socioeconómica de la Región Metropolitana, se concluye que el nivel de pobreza en un sector censal aumenta con la distancia, y que para una determinada distancia, la tasa de pobreza es menor si aumenta el acceso a medios de movilización, al mitigar el efecto de distancia.The national poverty headcount in Chile has declined considerably since 1990. In 2006, rural poverty ratefell below that of urban areas, due in part to population mobility. Rural areas, however, are still characterized by low educational levels and incomes, explained, in part, by low population density, remoteness to services, and limited access to markets for rural-produced products. This study finds that distance (measured as travel time of rural populations to urban areas is associated with the incidence of poverty in rural communities after controlling for other factors. Using an econometric model based on geographical and socioeconomic information of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, the studyfinds that poverty levels in census tracts increase with distance to Santiago, and, for a given distance, access to transportation reduces poverty, through a mitigation of the distance effect.

[Stays in Paris of professors and students from the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 1900-1936].

Science.gov (United States)

Beatriz Arias, Brasa; Landín Pérez, Mariana

2011-10-01

In the early twentieth century, if there were an European Capital of biomedical research, it was definitely Paris. It was in this city where microbiology was born in the 19th century due to the crucial influence of Louis Pasteur. In 1888 he founded the Pasteur Institute in Paris where the rabies vaccine, that Pasteur himself had discovered in 1885, was administrated. This institution was also a place to continue his research on infectious diseases and to disseminate its findings. It is a private non-profit state-approved foundation that has attracted along the years many scientists from France and abroad who have been traditionally called "pasteuriens". So it was a world reference centre which has produced important scientific discoveries at a rapid pace and where resources both material and human, were abundant. The Pasteur institute therefore became one of the favourite research facilities of teachers and students from Spanish universities during the first third of the twentieth century, thanks to new regulations that encouraged training abroad. Scholarship policy promoted by the Spanish Government by an organization called Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (Council for Higher Studies and Scientific Research from, 1907 to 1936) formed scientists abroad. The Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela sent some of its members to the French capital between 1905 and 1933. We found that the vast majority chose the Pasteur Institute to conduct the studies of biological chemistry and drug synthesis, but always dependent of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris. Our study focuses on teachers and students who went to Paris, the dates, the course of their scientific stay and how these studies influenced their later work, once they returned to the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela.

The kinetics of the cerium(IV)-uranium(IV) reaction at low sulfate concentrations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michaille, P.; Kikindai, T.

1977-01-01

The rate of oxidation of uranium(IV) by cerium(IV) was measured with a stopped-flow spectrophotometer at sulfuric acid concentrations of 2 x 10 -6 to 0.5 M. At a constant hydrogen ion concentration of 0.5 M, the maximum rate constant was observed for 2 x 10 -3 M sulfuric acid; at that concentration, two sulfate ions were involved in the activated complex. The dependence of the rate constant on the hydrogen ion concentration showed that the reaction paths involving one or two sulfate ions also involved one hydroxyl ion, whereas one hydrogen ion was involved in the five sulfate dependent path. Spectrophotometric measurements supported the existence of a hydrolyzed monosulfatocomplex of cerium(IV). (author)

Espacios de intercambio comercial en Santiago de Chile: tres maneras de aportar a la esfera pública de áreas urbanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elke Schlack

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Based on the premise that public space and commerce are connected in the theory derived from Max Weber, this article analyzes three different types of commerce in Santiago de Chile to illustrate how the public makes use of them. We review the spatial and social characteristics of a traditional market, a commercial gallery, and a shopping mall. It studies the morphological qualities, the inhabitants’ perceptions, and the business communities’ ways of managing and producing commercial space, as well as the implications for the spatial, social and functional integration of these spaces within the city.

A socio-psychological perspective on community participation in health during the Unidad Popular government: Santiago de Chile, from 1970 to 1973.

Science.gov (United States)

Hadjez-Berrios, Esteban

2014-01-01

Community participation in health has conventionally been described and analysed from a non-historical perspective, neglecting the central role that disadvantaged communities have played in the construction of health institutions in our societies, alienating collective health from its historical subject. From a socio-psychological perspective, this study explores the experiences of community participation in health during the Unidad Popular government in Santiago de Chile from 1970 to 1973, evidencing a radical pedagogical process inside poor urban settlements, aimed to transform Chilean classist health institutions. These findings contribute to a critical understanding of community participation in health, conceived as a dialectic and transformative action.

Diorganotin(IV) Complexes with Methionine Methyl Ester. Equilibria ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

IV) (DBT) and diphenyltin(IV) (DPT) was investigated at 25 °C and 0.1 mol dm–3 ionic strength in water for dimethyltin(IV) and in 50 % dioxane–water mixture for dibutyltin(IV) and diphenyltin(IV). Methionine methyl ester forms1:1 and 1:2 ...

El papel de la charrería como fenómeno cultural en la construcción del Occidente de México

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Cristina Palomar Verea

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The role of the ‘charrería’ as a cultural phenomenon in the construction of the Mexican WestThis paper presents an anthropological point of  view of one aspect in the formation of the central  western region of Mexico (particularly the province of Jalisco that has traditionally acted as a  counterweight to the centralized power of the  nation and has led to interesting negotiating positions stemming from both parts. The search for  symbols that could synthesize and represent  ‘Mexicanness’ as emblems for a nascent national  identity led to an emphasis on diverse regional  elements. Nevertheless, the characteristic elements of the central western region of Mexico –  more specifically Jalisco – gradually dominated as  the typical features for a national identity over  other features offered from a countrywide pool.  Due to a variety of reasons, the central western  region of Mexico has played a key role in the formation of a nationalist discourse required to  fortify the modern Mexican State. The proposed  mode of analysis is through the study of the cultural group of ‘charros’ from the State of Jalisco,  on the basis that the idea of the figure of ‘el charro’ – imagined as originating in Jalisco – is a  reference for that which is ‘typically Mexican’,  concentrating symbolic and other functions which  define, among other aspects, internal national  boundaries. This representation has thus become the national emblem ‘par excellence’ that, nevertheless, has been mutating in its symbolic content.Resumen:Desde una perspectiva antropológica se presenta  un aspecto del proceso de conformación de la  región Occidente de México, particularmente de  Jalisco, que ha operado como tradicional instancia-contrapeso del poder central nacional, y que  ha conducido a interesantes negociaciones entre  ambas partes. En el proceso de búsqueda de los  símbolos que pudieran sintetizar y representar �

Adsorption of Th(IV) and Pu(IV) on the surface of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis in the presence of desferrioxamine siderophore

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, Takahiro; Ozaki, Takuo; Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Francis, Arokiasamy J.

2005-01-01

Adsorption of Th(IV) and Pu(IV) on a Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and a Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis in the presence of siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFO) was studied. Thorium(IV) and Pu(IV) were dissociated from DFO during adsorption on the cells. Thorium(IV) adsorption on bacterial cells in the presence of DFO was larger than that of Pu(IV) because of the smaller stability of the Th(IV)-DFO complex than that of the Pu(IV)-DFO complex. On the other hand, adsorption of Pu(IV) was larger than that of Fe(III), wherein the stability of the Pu(IV)- and Fe(III)-DFO complex is comparable. P. fluorescens showed a higher affinity for Th(IV) and Pu(IV) than B. subtilis, though potentiometric titration of bacterial cells indicated that surfaces of P. fluorescens and B. subtilis cells showed similar proton binding properties. (author)

Natural sulphate contamination in the multi aquifer system in Santiago del Estero city, Argentine; Contaminacion natural por sulfatos en el sistema multiacuifero de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin, A. P.; Palazzo, R.

2009-07-01

The study observed a complex of figures and graphics that reveal the progressive pollution in the pumping wells. Also, it is made a detailed and current review of the underground physics-chemistry evolution, which results justify the importance of finding a real solution to the degradations problem of the aquifers in Santiago del Estero. for that reason, it is strictly necessary to build a total of eleven wells in the recharges zone, so five of them will be diggings 70 m in the gravel wedge (aquifer II) and six wells of 150 m of depth in the margins of the river Dulce. On the other hand, the studies carried out in the area indicate that all the wells will obtain water directly from the river to a direct recharge, so 81% of its flow will be absorb from the river and the rest, 19 % would be taken from the aquifer. This reason will avoid the progressive advance of the saline wedge and there wont harm the chemical quality of the recharge area. The batteries of the wells will supply 1.500.000 L/hour to the interconnected system on the top most potable conditions. (Author) 14 refs.

A combined XAFS, ESI TOF-MS and LIBD study on the formation of polynuclear Zr(IV), Th(IV) and Pu(IV) species

Science.gov (United States)

Rothe, J.; Walther, C.; Brendebach, B.; Büchner, S.; Fuss, M.; Denecke, M. A.; Geckeis, H.

2009-11-01

The long term radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel disposed of in deep underground repositories after discharge from nuclear power reactors is determined by actinide elements, mainly plutonium. Water intrusion into the repository might cause container corrosion and leaching of the waste matrices, leading to the release of Pu and other actinides into the geological environment. Performance assessment for a future nuclear waste repository requires detailed knowledge on actinide aqueous chemistry in the aquifer surrounding the disposal site. Tetravalent actinides exhibit a strong tendency towards hydrolysis and subsequent polymerization and/or colloid formation. These species provide a potential pathway for migration of actinides away from the repository. Therefore, it is of fundamental interest to study their generation and properties in-situ. To this end, X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (XAFS) at the INE-Beamline for actinide research at ANKA, Electrospray Mass-Spectrometry (ESI TOF-MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD) are combined at FZK-INE in a comprehensive attempt to characterize Zr(IV) (An(IV) analogue), Th(IV) and Pu(IV) polymerization and colloid formation.

Desinterés y terror. El destino nihilista de la estética occidental en el L'uomo senza contenuto.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Fleisner

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En el mismo año en que se publicaba póstumamente el así llamado “último gran tratado moderno de la disciplina estética”, la Teoría Estética de T. W. Adorno, un joven Giorgio Agamben escribía su contribución, marginal pero decisiva, a un debate muy presente en la filosofía italiana por esos días. Se trata del debate en torno a las relaciones entre el destino nihilista de la metafísica occidental, la estética y la política del que se ocupan entre otros el “pensiero debole” de Gianni Vattimo y el “pensiero negativo” de Massimo Cacciari. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general analizar las tesis del primer libro de Agamben, L’uomo senza contenuto, en cuanto intento por comprender el proyecto estético de Occidente. Allí se afirma que el ingreso del arte en la dimensión estética con la Modernidad responde al desplazamiento de una consideración de la capacidad pro-ductiva humana (la “inquietante” téchne que permite al hombre llevar una cosa del no-ser al ser hacia una mirada centrada en el punto de vista del espectador que puede apreciar “desinteresadamente” la belleza. Pero este proceso, lejos de ser natural, evidencia una crisis del “hacer” humano en general. Si con Aristóteles podía distinguirse entre póiesis (un hacer aparecer o un traer a la presencia como forma de un saber y praxis (un realizar producto de la voluntad, entendida como apetito, como forma de un actuar, en la Modernidad asistimos al solapamiento de la esfera poiética por la de la praxis y a una progresiva reducción de toda actividad productiva al trabajo que, por reducir al hombre a su desnuda vida biológica, es la dimensión más baja de la vida activa. Teniendo en cuenta este diagnóstico agambeniano, me propongo pensar aquí el lugar central que tendría la estética como disciplina filosófica privilegiada para preguntar por las posibilidades actuales de una nueva póiesis y con ella de una “vita nova” para el hombre.

Simultaneous measurements of formaldehyde and nitrous acid in dews and gas phase in the atmosphere of Santiago, Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Rubio, María A.; Lissi, Eduardo; Villena, Guillermo; Elshorbany, Y. F.; Kleffmann, Jörg; Kurtenbach, Ralf; Wiesen, Peter

2009-12-01

The amounts of formaldehyde and nitrous acid (HONO) in gas phase and dews of Santiago de Chile were simultaneously measured. Formaldehyde concentrations values in the liquid phase (dews) correlate fairly well with those in the gaseous phase and are even higher than those expected from gas-dew equilibrium. On the other hand, nitrite concentrations in dews were considerably smaller (ca. 15 times) than those expected from the gas-phase concentrations. This under-saturation is attributed to diffusion limitations due to the relatively large HONO solubility. In agreement with this, under-saturation increases with the rate of dew formation and the pH of the collected waters, factors that should increase the rate of gas to liquid HONO transfer required to reach equilibrium.

Generation IV national program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preville, M.; Sadhankar, R.; Brady, D.

2007-01-01

This paper outlines the Generation IV National Program. This program involves evolutionary and innovative design with significantly higher efficiencies (∼50% compared to present ∼30%) - sustainable, economical, safe, reliable and proliferation resistant - for future energy security. The Generation IV Forum (GIF) effectively leverages the resources of the participants to meet these goals. Ten countries signed the GIF Charter in 2001

Adsorción de cr(vi) por cocos nucífera l. en residuales de fibrocemento en santiago de cuba

OpenAIRE

Pérez Silva, Rosa María; Calzado Lamela, Orlindes; Cascaret Carmenaty, Dannis Adrián; Tur Naranjo, Enieyis

2014-01-01

Título en ingles: Cr(VI) adsorption by Cocos nucífera L. in wastewater of fibrocement from Santiago de CubaTítulo corto: Adsorción de Cr(VI)  por Cocos nucífera L.Resumen:  La adsorción y/o formación de complejos de metales pesados basados en la actividad química de la biomasa, es el proceso conocido como biosorción y es la base de una nueva tecnología para su remoción en efluentes industriales y su posterior recuperación. En esta tecnología se pueden utilizar diferentes tipos de biomasas tal...

Dr.C. Guillermo Amaro Ivonet: modelo de profesional entregado al ejercicio de la pediatría en Santiago de Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Antonia Peña Sánchez

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se mencionan importantes aspectos de la vida y obra del Dr.C. Guillermo Amaro Ivonet; personalidad científica consagrada a la asistencia médica de la población infantil. La influencia de este ilustre pediatra en la formación de los médicos de niños de Santiago de Cuba ha sido encomiable. Su querida ciudad natal y su patria toda, se enorgullecen de haber podido contar con su prodigiosa sapiencia, caballerosidad, humanismo, ética profesional y ayuda médica para los más débiles, por más de 50 años

Solubility studies of Np(IV)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yingjie; Yao Jun; Jiao Haiyang; Ren Lihong; Zhou Duo; Fan Xianhua

2001-01-01

The solubility of Np(IV) in simulated underground water and redistilled water has been measured with the variations of pH(6-12) and storage time (0-100 d) in the presence of reductant (Na 2 S 2 O 4 , metallic Fe). All experiments are performed in a low oxygen concentration glove box containing high purity Ar(99.99%), with an oxygen content of less than 5 x 10 -6 mol/mol. Experimental results show that the variation of pH in solution has little effect on the solubility of Np(IV) in the two kinds of water; the measured solubility of Np(IV) is affected by the composition of solution; with Na 2 S 2 O 4 as a reductant, the solubility of Np(IV) in simulated underground water is (9.23 +- 0.48) x 10 -10 mol/L, and that in redistilled water is (8.31 +- 0.35) x 10 -10 mol/L; with metallic Fe as a reductant, the solubility of Np(IV) in simulated underground water is (1.85 +- 0.56) x 10 -9 mol/L, and that in redistilled water is (1.48 +- 0.66) x 10 -9 mol/L

Materials for generation-IV nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez, M. G.

2009-01-01

Materials science and materials development are key issues for the implementation of innovative reactor systems such as those defined in the framework of the Generation IV. Six systems have been selected for Generation IV consideration: gas-cooled fast reactor, lead-cooled fast reactor, molten salt-cooled reactor, sodium-cooled fast reactor, supercritical water-cooled reactor, and very high temperature reactor. The structural materials need to resist much higher temperatures, higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive environment, which are beyond the experience of the current nuclear power plants. For this reason, the first consideration in the development of Generation-IV concepts is selection and deployment of materials that operate successfully in the aggressive operating environments expected in the Gen-IV concepts. This paper summarizes the Gen-IV operating environments and describes the various candidate materials under consideration for use in different structural applications. (author)

Culícidos transmisores del virus del Nilo Occidental en el municipio de Jesús Menéndez

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Marco A. Cruz Cruz

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la población de culícidos en el municipio de Jesús Menéndez, Las Tunas, durante el año 2012; con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de nuevas especies de mosquitos que pueden intervenir en la transmisión del virus del Nilo Occidental. El universo lo constituyeron los doce consejos populares del municipio. La captura de larvas y de adultos se realizó de acuerdo a las técnicas normadas en Cuba y según la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se identificaron cinco nuevas especies que son capaces de transmitir el virus: Aedes albopictus (2,1 %, Culex erraticus (0,25 %, Mansonia titillans (0,04 %, Orthopodomia signifera (0,01 % y Uranotaenia lowii (0,05 %. Los consejos populares con más distribución fueron los urbanos: El Batey (48,02 %, Pueblo Viejo (26,7 % y El Canal (16,4 %, donde existe mayor acumulación de agua por parte de la población en diferentes depósitos y criaderos naturales dentro de la zona urbana

Adduct formation in Ce(IV) thenolytrifluoroacetonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anufrieva, S.I.; Polyakova, G.V.; Snezhko, N.I.; Pechurova, N.I.; Martynenko, L.I.; Spitsyn, V.I.

1982-01-01

The literature contains no information on adduct formation in Ce(IV) β-diketonates with additional ligands. Since tetrakis-β-diketonates of Ce(IV) have four six-membered chelate rings, we can suppose that the introduction of an additional monodentate or bidentate ligand into the coordination sphere of Ce(IV) β-diketonates would lead to an increase in the coordination number (CN) of the Ce(IV) to nine or ten. The possibility of realization of such a high CN for Ce(IV) has not been proved; a study of adduct formation by Ce(IV) tetrakis-β-diketonates is thus of theoretical interest. Such an investigation might also be of practical interest, because the introduction of an additional ligand into the coordination sphere of a rare-earth β-diketonate usually increases the solubility of the β-diketonate in nonpolar solvents and increases the volatility of the compound; such a modification of the properties is important for various practical purposes. The aim of our work was to study the possibility of separating solid adducts of Ce(IV) tetrakis-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate with certain oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing donor monodentate and bidentate ligands, and also to investigate their properties. As the β-diketone we used thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTFA), since in a parallel investigation it was found that Ce(TTFA) 4 has a high oxidation-reduction stability

Genetics Home Reference: glycogen storage disease type IV

Science.gov (United States)

... Home Health Conditions Glycogen storage disease type IV Glycogen storage disease type IV Printable PDF Open All ... Javascript to view the expand/collapse boxes. Description Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) is an ...

Separation of uranium(V I) from binary solution mixtures with thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) and cerium(III) by foaming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shakir, K.; Aziz, M.; Benyamin, K.

1992-01-01

Foam separation has been investigated for the removal of uranium(V I), thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) and cerium(III) from dilute aqueous solutions at pH values ranging from about I to about II. Sodium laurel sulphate (Na L S) and acetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), being a strong anionic and a strong cationic surfactants, were used as collectors. The results indicate that Na L S can efficiently remove thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) and cerium(III) but not uranium(V I). CTAB, on the other hand, can successfully float only uranium(V I) and zirconium(IV). These differences in flotation properties of the different cations could be used to establish methods for the separation of uranium(V I) from binary mixtures with thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) or cerium(III). The results are discussed in terms of the hydrolytic behaviour of the tested cations and properties of used collectors.2 fig., 1 tab

IUE observations of interstellar Si IV and C IV lines observed in the spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, L.J.; Willis, A.J.; Wilson, R.

1980-01-01

Recent IUE observations of Wolf-Rayet stars show narrow absorption lines in the highly ionized species of Si IV and C IV. The strengths of these 'interstellar' Si IV and C IV lines observed in the spectra of 10 WR stars and two other early-type stars are compared. Of the WR sample, six stars exhibit very strong Si IV and C IV lines (Wsub(lambda) approximately 0.3 to 0.5 A) whilst the other four stars show much weaker lines (Wsub(lambda) approximately 0.1 A). There is no correlation between the strengths of these lines with either stellar distance or colour excess. The weaker absorptions may arise in the individual stellar H II regions, the observed strengths being consistent with those expected for stars with Tsub(eff) = 30 000 K. Five of the other stars which exhibit very strong absorptions lie in the line of sight to active interstellar regions (Cygnus and Carina nebulae) and it is considered probable that, in addition to their H II region components, the bulk of the strong Si IV and C IV absorptions originate in hot gas associated with these active regions. In the case of the WN5 star HD 50896 violet-displaced components are observed in the interstellar lines of low ionization species. These are thought to be produced in the ring nebula S308 surrounding HD 50896. (author)

Current status of NPP generation IV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yohanes Dwi Anggoro; Dharu Dewi; Nurlaila; Arief Tris Yuliyanto

2013-01-01

Today development of nuclear technology has reached the stage of research and development of Generation IV nuclear power plants (advanced reactor systems) which is an innovative development from the previous generation of nuclear power plants. There are six types of power generation IV reactors, namely: Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR), Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR), Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR), Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), and Super Critical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR). The purpose of this study is to know the development of Generation IV nuclear power plants that have been done by the thirteen countries that are members of the Gen IV International Forum (GIF). The method used is review study and refers to various studies related to the current status of research and development of generation IV nuclear power. The result of this study showed that the systems and technology on Generation IV nuclear power plants offer significant advances in sustainability, safety and reliability, economics, and proliferation resistance and physical protection. In addition, based on the research and development experience is estimated that: SFR can be used optimally in 2015, VHTR in 2020, while NPP types GFR, LFR, MSR, and SCWR in 2025. Utilization of NPP generation IV said to be optimal if fulfill the goal of NPP generation IV, such as: capable to generate energy sustainability and promote long-term availability of nuclear fuel, minimize nuclear waste and reduce the long term stewardship burden, has an advantage in the field of safety and reliability compared to the previous generation of NPP and VHTR technology have a good prospects in Indonesia. (author)

Comportamiento de variedades de Chile dulce (capsicum annum en la región occidental de el Salvador

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Lesser Linares

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Capsicun annum en la región occidental de El Salvador. Con el objetivo de seleccionar material vegetativo adaptable a las diferentes condiciones agroecológicas de El Salvador, se implementó una investigación de seis variedades de chile dulce. Los ensayos se realizaron en Candelaria de la Frontera, Atiquizaya y Chalchuapa en el año 2002. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos, conformados por los variedades Nathalie, Comandante, Lido, Tikal, Quetzal y una variedad Criolla. Hubo diferencias significativas al 1 % de probabilidad para las variables de altura de planta, largo, peso, diámetro, numero de frutos y rendimiento, en el combinado de las tres localidades. El material Nathalie, sobresalió en las variables altura de planta (0,49 m, número de frutos (259.500 frutos/ha, y rendimiento (25,11 t/ha, y como consecuencia reportó el mejor ingreso ($ 19.332,80 y la mejor relación beneficio costo (3,31. La duración de anaquel varió entre seis y nueve días con respecto a los diferentes materiales de chile dulce. Los resultados obtenidos podrían crear la base para validar el cultivar Nathalie en las zonas de influencia.

La debilidad de la gestión del riesgo en los centros urbanos: El caso del Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Sánchez, Rafael

2010-01-01

Las transformaciones experimentadas en las últimas décadas por la ciudad de Santiago de Chile favorece la ocurrencia de peligros de origen antrópico que se agregan a las amenazas de origen natural que continuamente afectan a la urbe. Ante este complejo escenario resulta oportuno realizar un análisis de las normas y referencias legales que estructuran el Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil en los diferentes niveles político-administrativos del país, especialmente los que se refieren al Área M...

Santiago H. Valdés, Psicología social : Prolam S. R. L., Colección Ciencias Sociales, Buenos Aires, 1979

OpenAIRE

Rossi Casé, Lilia Elba

1981-01-01

Esta nueva obra de Santiago H. Valdés nos ofrece un panorama considerablemente completo del área que ocupa a la Psicología Social. Su lectura permite en una primera parte, un acercamiento a temas tales cómo la evolución y búsqueda de la Psicología Social, comenzando con un desarrollo acerca de las Ciencias Sociales en general, consideradas por diversos autores, entre ellos Adam Smith, Comte, Max Weber, Durkheim, Horowitz, Hilgard, etc. Luego se adentra en et análisis de la socialización, el l...

Modelo de Acompañamiento Académico para estudiantes de alto rendimiento escolar en Contexto en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Miranda Molina, Rafael

2016-01-01

En el contexto del Programa de Acceso Inclusivo, Equidad y Permanencia de la Universidad de Santiago, se da cuenta de la articulación de un conjunto de acciones para el acompañamiento de estudiantes beneficiarios de la Beca de Nivelación Académica. Esta política, impulsada por el estado para fomentar la creación de programas de apoyo al estudiante, beneficia a estudiantes de alto rendimiento escolar en contexto, para proveerles de instancias de nivelación y apoyo académico durante el primer a...

CONQUISTA Y FUNDACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD TERRENA: EL NACIMIENTO DE SANTIAGO EN LA NARRATIVA DE CARLOS DROGUETT

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Roberto Suazo Gómez

2010-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo proporciona una lectura actualizada de las llamadas ‘novelas históricas’ o ‘novelas de ciudad’ de Carlos Droguett. En particular, sus novelas centradas en la conquista y fundación de la ciudad de Santiago (100 gotas de sangre y 200 de sudor y Supay el cristiano señalan la primera coordenada del proyecto narrativo droguettiano orientado a reelaborar y reescribir la historia chilena y latinoamericana, en una historiografía-literaria que busca sus fuentes, su prueba documental, en eenorme archivo conformado por toda esa sangre, por todas esas muertes soslayadas “con silencio o con ruido”. 100 gotas de sangre y 200 de sudor y Supay el cristiano constituyen las primeras páginas de lo que aquí denominaremos “La Historia de Chile según Carlos Droguett”. Pero, además, ambas novelas serían tributarias de la fuente documental previamente elaborada y narrativizada por el historiador Crescente Errázuriz en su Historia de Chile bajo Pedro de Valdivia.The present article provides an up-to-date reading of the so called ‘historical novels’ or ‘city novels’ by Carlos Droguett. In particular, his novels focused on the conquest and founding of the city of Santiago (100 Gotas de Sangre y 200 de Sudor and Supay el cristiano mark the droguettian narrative project first’s coordinate, oriented towards a remaking and rewriting of the Chilean and Latin American history, in a literary-historiography which looks for its sources, its documentary evidence, within the enormous archive conformed by all that blood, all those deaths eluded “with silence or noise”. 100 Gotas de Sangre y 200 de Sudor and Supay el cristiano are the first pages of what we here call Chilean History according to Carlos Droguett. But, in addition, both novels would be tributary of the documentary source previously elaborated by the historian Crescente Errázuriz in his Historia de Chile bajo Pedro de Valdivia.

Collagen type IV at the fetal-maternal interface.

Science.gov (United States)

Oefner, C M; Sharkey, A; Gardner, L; Critchley, H; Oyen, M; Moffett, A

2015-01-01

Extracellular matrix proteins play a crucial role in influencing the invasion of trophoblast cells. However the role of collagens and collagen type IV (col-IV) in particular at the implantation site is not clear. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the distribution of collagen types I, III, IV and VI in endometrium and decidua during the menstrual cycle and the first trimester of pregnancy. Expression of col-IV alpha chains during the reproductive cycle was determined by qPCR and protein localisation by immunohistochemistry. The structure of col-IV in placenta was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the expression of col-IV alpha chain NC1 domains and collagen receptors was localised by immunohistochemistry. Col-IV alpha chains were selectively up-regulated during the menstrual cycle and decidualisation. Primary extravillous trophoblast cells express collagen receptors and secrete col-IV in vitro and in vivo, resulting in the increased levels found in decidua basalis compared to decidua parietalis. A novel expression pattern of col-IV in the mesenchyme of placental villi, as a three-dimensional network, was found. NC1 domains of col-IV alpha chains are known to regulate tumour cell migration and the selective expression of these domains in decidua basalis compared to decidua parietalis was determined. Col-IV is expressed as novel forms in the placenta. These findings suggest that col-IV not only represents a structural protein providing tissue integrity but also influences the invasive behaviour of trophoblast cells at the implantation site. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EL ASALTO DE LOS MOTORIZADOS: EL TRANSPORTE MODERNO Y LA CRISIS DEL TRÁNSITO PÚBLICO EN SANTIAGO, 1900-1927

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Tomás Errázuriz

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Durante las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX se incorporaron a la ciudad de Santiago tres nuevos medios de transporte que alteraron profundamente la ciudad y las formas de desplazamiento al interior de esta: el tranvía eléctrico, el automóvil y el autobús. A partir del análisis de fuentes diversas como archivos municipales, estadística, periódicos, revistas de automovilistas y de gremios del transporte, entre otras, se busca reconstruir los hitos fundamentales de este proceso de motorización y su impacto sobre la experiencia cotidiana de los viajes en la ciudad. A diferencia de otros adelantos urbanos, la introducción de vehículos motorizados destacó por el sello irruptivo sobre la vida urbana y la relativa autonomía de su desarrollo respecto a la maquinaria política. Estas características dieron origen a múltiples conflictos e incompatibilidades entre intereses contrapuestos, los que hacia el final de la década de 1920 conformaban parte de la vida cotidiana en las calles.During the first three decades of the twentieth century the city of Santiago incorporated three new modes of transportation that profoundly altered the city and the forms of movement within it: the streetcar, the automobile and the bus. Beginning with analysis from diverse sources such as municipal archives, statistics, newspapers, automobile, and transportation union magazines, among others, the article attempts to reconstruct the fundamental milestones of the process of motorization and its impact on the daily experience of transport within the city. Unlike other manifestations of urban progress, motorized vehicles were typified by their disruptive character that generated multiple conflicts and incompatibilities that then became established as distinctive characteristics of modern transit.

Acciones para el control de un brote de transmisión local de paludismo introducido en Santiago de Cuba Actions for the control of a local transmission outbreak of malaria introduced in Santiago de Cuba

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Sergio C Miranda Reyes

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre el brote de paludismo introducido en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2006, para lo cual se efectuó una investigación epidemiológica de campo, que constó de 4 etapas: observación, hipótesis, verificación, conclusiones y aplicaciones prácticas. El universo estuvo constituido por las viviendas, locales y criaderos naturales de las localidades estratificadas. Sigua es una comunidad rural donde coexistían criaderos naturales y un hotel - hospital dedicado en aquel momento a la “Operación Milagro”. Inicialmente se notificaron 2 casos sospechosos de leptospirosis, luego se observó que otras 10 personas de la comunidad habían sido ingresadas con diagnóstico de procesos infecciosos y el 11 de febrero se confirmaron 4 casos de paludismo por Plasmodium vivax. Las acciones sobre la vía de transmisión incluyeron tratamiento adulticida extradomiciliario e intradomiciliario y otras. La campaña promocional logró, a través de la acción comunitaria, la eliminación de elementos ambientales de riesgo y contribuyó a la vigilancia activa de pacientes en estado febril. Entre la notificación del brote y la fecha de inicio de síntomas del último caso confirmado transcurrieron 12 días.A descriptive and cross-sectional study on the outbreak of malaria introduced in Santiago de Cuba municipality during 2006 was carried out. Thus, a field epidemiological investigation was conducted consisting of 4 stages: observation, hypothesis, verification, conclusions and practical applications. Housings, premises and natural hatcheries of stratified areas were studied. Sigua is a rural community where natural hatcheries and a hotel-hospital used in that moment for the "Operación Milagro" coexisted. Initially 2 suspicious cases of leptospirosis were notified, then 10 other people of the community had been admitted with a diagnosis of infectious processes, and in February 11th, 4 cases of

A Si IV/O IV Electron Density Diagnostic for the Analysis of IRIS Solar Spectra

Science.gov (United States)

Young, P. R.; Keenan, F. P.; Milligan, R. O.; Peter, H.

2018-04-01

Solar spectra of ultraviolet bursts and flare ribbons from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have suggested high electron densities of > {10}12 cm‑3 at transition region temperatures of 0.1 MK, based on large intensity ratios of Si IV λ1402.77 to O IV λ1401.16. In this work, a rare observation of the weak O IV λ1343.51 line is reported from an X-class flare that peaked at 21:41 UT on 2014 October 24. This line is used to develop a theoretical prediction of the Si IV λ1402.77 to O IV λ1401.16 ratio as a function of density that is recommended to be used in the high-density regime. The method makes use of new pressure-dependent ionization fractions that take account of the suppression of dielectronic recombination at high densities. It is applied to two sequences of flare kernel observations from the October 24 flare. The first shows densities that vary between 3× {10}12 and 3× {10}13 cm‑3 over a seven-minute period, while the second location shows stable density values of around 2× {10}12 cm‑3 over a three-minute period.

Movilidad femenina: los reveses de la utopía socio-espacial en las poblaciones de Santiago de Chile

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Cristhian Figueroa

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Daily displacement is one of the main activities of women in the poor neighborhoods of Latin American cities. Their female status makes heavy demands of them in connection with household support,, accompaniment, maintenance of family relationships and neighborhood social networks, etc. They are consequently obliged to make countless trips both inside and outside their neighborhoods. Through an analysis of the daily travel routines of women in Santa Julia, a poor neighborhood in Santiago, this article shows how the urban design of the political project of “popular promotion” has turned out to be a double-edged weapon. These women’s habitual pathways are being threatened by public space today, a situation which reignites the old debate on whether urban design by itself can transform society.

Corporal Punishment and Youth Externalizing Behavior in Santiago, Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Julie; Han, Yoonsun; Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew; Delva, Jorge; Castillo, Marcela

2012-01-01

Objectives Corporal punishment is still widely practiced around the globe, despite the large body of child development research that substantiates its short- and long-term consequences. Within this context, this paper examined the relationship between parental use of corporal punishment and youth externalizing behavior with a Chilean sample to add to the growing empirical evidence concerning the potential relationship between increased corporal punishment and undesirable youth outcomes across cultures. Methods Analysis was based on 919 adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the extent to which parents’ use of corporal punishment and positive family measures were associated with youth externalizing behavior. Furthermore, the associations between self-reported externalizing behavior and infrequent, as well as frequent, use of corporal punishment were investigated to contribute to understanding how varying levels of parental use of corporal punishment were differently related to youth outcomes. Results Both mother’s and father’s use of corporal punishment were associated with greater youth externalizing behavior. Additionally, increases in positive parenting practices, such as parental warmth and family involvement, were met with decreases in youth externalizing behavior when controlling for youth demographics, family socioeconomic status, and parents’ use of corporal punishment. Finally, both infrequent and frequent use of corporal punishment were positively associated with higher youth problem behaviors, though frequent corporal punishment had a stronger relationship with externalizing behavior than did infrequent corporal punishment. Conclusions Parental use of corporal punishment, even on an occasional basis, is associated with greater externalizing behavior for youth while a warm and involving family environment may protect youth from serious problem behaviors. Therefore, findings of this study add

Transformaciones arquitectónicas y urbanas en la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela: el triunfo del gusto ecléctico y los criterios higienistas (1868-1931

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Moure Pazos, Iván

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article’s goal is to be the snapshot of urban and architectonical interventions that arose at the end of the 19th century in Santiago de Compostela. The dominant eclectic trend, as well as the salubrity’s new criteria, will force the change of most of intra and extra-mural Compostela city, in an effort to achieve a target: the creation of oxygenation’s new spaces, and the urban expansion of peripheral borderland. Chasing this change, relevant architectural facts got implemented, which contributed in a definitive way to the contemporanean Compostelan image, as we today know it, even though that changes weren´t respectful to the baroque and medieval architectural past of city.El presente artículo, trata de ser un fresco de las principales intervenciones urbanas y arquitectónicas surgidas en el llamado Santiago fin de siglo. El imperante gusto ecléctico, así como los nuevos criterios de salubridad, modificarán gran parte de la Compostela intra y extramuros con un claro fin: la creación de nuevos espacios de oxigenación, y la expansión urbana de los límites periféricos. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo importantes empresas arquitectónicas —no siempre respetuosas con su pasado medieval y barroco— que contribuyeron, de manera definitiva, a la imagen urbana de la Compostela contemporánea tal y como hoy la conocemos. [gl] O presente artigo, pretende ser unha escolma das principais intervencións urbanas e arquitectónicas xurdidas no chamado Santiago fin de século. O imperante gusto ecléctico, así como os novos criterios de salubridade, modificarán gran parte da Compostela intrae extras muros cun claro fin: a creación de novos espazos de osixenación, e a expansión urbana dos límites periféricos. Para iso, leváronse a cabo importantes empresas arquitectónicas —non sempre respetuosas co seu pasado medieval e barroco— que contribuíron, de xeito definitivo, á imaxe urbana da Compostela contemporánea tal e como hoxe

Batch and column adsorption behaviors of Se(IV) and Te(IV) on organic and inorganic ion exchangers from HCl solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Sweify, Fatma H.; Abdel-Fattah, Alaa El-Din A.; Aly, Shorouk M.; Ghamry, Mohamed A. [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Hot Laboratories Center; El-Sheikh, Ragaa [Zagazig Univ. (Egypt). Chemistry Dept.

2017-07-01

Adsorption behaviors of Se(IV) and Te(IV) on the inorganic ion exchanger ceric tungstate (CeW) was studied under static and dynamic conditions and compared with the adsorption on the organic cation and anion exchangers Dowex-50X8 and AG-2X8, respectively. The radioactive isotopes {sup 75}Se and {sup 123m}Te were used to trace the respective elements. Some parameters affecting the adsorption were investigated under static conditions. In the case of batch technique the adsorption was studied from slightly acidic HCl as well as slightly alkaline media, i.e. at two pH-ranges. Se(IV) and Te(IV) were adsorbed on both the inorganic ion exchanger (CeW) and on AG-2X8, from slightly alkaline solutions. From the similarity of adsorption on both ion exchangers it was clear that (CeW) acts as an anion exchanger. Moreover, the obtained K{sub d}-values for the adsorption on (CeW) were much higher than those for the adsorption on the organic anion exchanger AG-2X8. Se(IV) was not adsorbed on Dowex-50X8 all over the studied pH-range whereas Te(IV) was slightly adsorbed. Loading and elution behaviors of Se(IV) and Te(IV) on columns of AG-2X8 and (CeW) were studied using solutions of HCl of different concentrations. Some good separation alternatives of Se(IV) and Te(IV) under certain conditions were achieved.

Predicting DPP-IV inhibitors with machine learning approaches

Science.gov (United States)

Cai, Jie; Li, Chanjuan; Liu, Zhihong; Du, Jiewen; Ye, Jiming; Gu, Qiong; Xu, Jun

2017-04-01

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a promising Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drug target. DPP-IV inhibitors prolong the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), improve glucose homeostasis without weight gain, edema, and hypoglycemia. However, the marketed DPP-IV inhibitors have adverse effects such as nasopharyngitis, headache, nausea, hypersensitivity, skin reactions and pancreatitis. Therefore, it is still expected for novel DPP-IV inhibitors with minimal adverse effects. The scaffolds of existing DPP-IV inhibitors are structurally diversified. This makes it difficult to build virtual screening models based upon the known DPP-IV inhibitor libraries using conventional QSAR approaches. In this paper, we report a new strategy to predict DPP-IV inhibitors with machine learning approaches involving naïve Bayesian (NB) and recursive partitioning (RP) methods. We built 247 machine learning models based on 1307 known DPP-IV inhibitors with optimized molecular properties and topological fingerprints as descriptors. The overall predictive accuracies of the optimized models were greater than 80%. An external test set, composed of 65 recently reported compounds, was employed to validate the optimized models. The results demonstrated that both NB and RP models have a good predictive ability based on different combinations of descriptors. Twenty "good" and twenty "bad" structural fragments for DPP-IV inhibitors can also be derived from these models for inspiring the new DPP-IV inhibitor scaffold design.