Urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Yerli Kara cattle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, N.; Guecues, A. I.; Oezcan, H.; Ulutuerk, S.; Yaman, S.

2000-01-01

The urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was measured in four Yerli Kara bulls in two experiments, a fasting experiment lasting for 7 days and the other , where animals were given a diet containing 30% wheat straw and 70% compounded feed at four levels of intake (40,60,80 and 95% of voluntary feed intake). In the second experiment, which was carried out according to a 4x4 Latin Square design, four animals receiving 60 and 95% levels of intake were also given a single injection of 8- ''1''4C - uric acid via a jugular catheter. In Addition to the above two experiments the activity of xanthine oxidase and uricase in plasma, liver and intestinal mucosa obtained from Yerli Kara cattle was also determined.In the first experiment,fasting PD excretion averaged 0.691 (±0.053) mmol/kgW''0''.''7''5/d. Glomerular filtration rate GFR), tubular load and net re-absorption of allantoin between pre fasting and fasting were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the second experiment the recovery of injected 8 - ''1''4C - uric acid as total PD was 72.5 and 89.9% for 60 and 95% feeding levels, respectively. The average recovery was 81%. Plasma kinetics measured by 8 - ''1''4C - uric acid indicated that the total compartment pool size was 214.0 (±43.8) and 250.3 L (±29.5) for 60 and 95% feeding levels, respectively. GFR, tubular load and net re-absorption of uric acid and allantoin were not affected by feed intake. The allantoin : PD molar ratios changed between 0.78 to 0.93 for the four levels feed intake. There were significant correlations between PD excretion (expressed as mmol/d and μmol/kg W''0''.''7''5/d) and DDMI (kg/d and kg/kg W''0''.''7''5/d) and DOMI (kg/d)(r=0.99, P<0.01). The rate of PD excretion as a linear function of feed intake was 16.4 mmol/kg W''0''.''7''5 DDMI, 19.8 mmol/kg DDMI and 22.7 mmol/kg DOMI. Xanthine oxidase and uricase activities were; 1.34 (±0.72) and .44 (±0.05) and 0.13 (±0.03) and 0.08 (±0.03) unit/g fresh tissue in liver and

Scenarios for potential radionuclide release from marine reactors dumped in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lynn, N.; Mount, M.; Gussgard, K.

1995-01-01

The largest inventory of radioactive materials dumped in the Kara Sea by the former Soviet Union comes from the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of seven marine reactors, the current (1994) inventory of which makes a total of approximately 4.7x10 15 Bq. In progressing its work for the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project, under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Source Term Working Group has analysed the Source Term and subsequently developed a number of model scenarios for the potential release patterns of radionuclides into the Kara Sea from the SNF and activated components dumped within the marine reactors.These models are based on the present and future conditions of the barrier materials and their configuration within the dumped objects. They account for progressive corrosion of the outer and inner steel barriers, breakdown of the organic fillers, and degradation and leaching from the SNFs. Annual release rates are predicted to four thousand years into the future. 5 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab

An assessment of flux of radionuclide contamination through the large Siberian rivers to the Kara sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maderich, V.; Dziuba, N.; Koshebutsky, V.; Zheleznyak, M.; Volkov, V.

2004-01-01

The activities of several nuclear reprocessing plants (Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC) and Mining, Chemical Combine (MCC) and Mayak Production Association (Mayak)) that are placed in the watersheds of large Siberian rivers Ob' and Yenisey may potentially cause contamination of the Arctic Ocean. An assessment of the levels of radionuclide discharges into the Kara Sea from existing and potential sources of techno-genic radioactivity, located within the watershed of the Ob' and Yenisey rivers is presented. In frame of EU INCO-COPERNICUS project RADARC a linked chain of 1D river model RIVTOX and 3D estuary model THREETOX was used to simulate impact of the previous and potential releases from the nuclear installations in the basins of Ob' and Yenisey rivers on radioactive contamination of the rivers and the Kara Sea. The RIVTOX includes the one-dimensional model of river hydraulics, suspended sediment and radionuclide transport in river channels. THREETOX includes a set of submodels: a hydrodynamics sub-model, ice dynamics-thermodynamics sub-model, suspended sediment transport and radionuclide transport submodels. The radionuclide transport model simulate processes in water, suspended sediments and in bottom sediments. These models were adapted to the Ob' river path from Mayak and SCC and Yenisey River from MCC. The simulations of 90 Sr and 137 Cs contamination for the period 1949-1994 were carried out for the Ob' and period 1959-1994 for the Yenisey. The use of model chain allowed to reconstruct contamination of water and sediments along the river path to estimate fluxes into the Kara Sea. It was shown strong initial contamination in early 50's the sediments in the Ob' were sources for secondary contamination of river and estuary. Based on chosen realistic scenarios, simulations have been performed in order to assess the potential risk of contamination from existing and potential sources of radionuclides into the Kara Sea through the Ob' and Yenisey rivers. (author)

A short report regarding the physicochemical properties of surface water quality in Karaçomak stream, Turkey

Science.gov (United States)

Şuţan, Nicoleta Anca; Mutlu, Ekrem; Yanik, Telat; Dobre, Raluca

2016-04-01

Within the scope of present study, the water quality of stream Karaçomak in Kastamonu-Turkey was investigated. Water samples were collected from 9 stations selected on Karaçomak stream, considering the pollution points and the points, where the entrance of water into stream is high. The samples taken were analyzed in terms of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, saltiness, electrical conductivity, chemical composition and heavy metal content, and for their genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Physicochemical evaluation indicated that all samples had heterogeneous intensity of environmental influence, but the considerable impact was noticed for the third and seventh stations. The present study highlights the need for continuous evaluation of water pollution level, and is intended to help in mitigating the environmental impacts and improve environmental performance.

Furfurol-based polymers for the sealing of reactor vessels dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heiser, J.H.; Cowgill, M.G.; Alexandrov, V.P.; Dyer, R.S.

1997-01-01

Between 1965 and 1988, 16 naval reactor vessels were dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea. Six of the vessels contained spent nuclear fuel that had been damaged during accidents. In addition, a container holding ∼ 60% of the damaged fuel from the No. 2 reactor of the atomic icebreaker 'Lenin' was dumped in 1967. Before dumping, the vessels were filled with a solidification agent, Conservant F, in order to prevent direct contact between the seawater and the fuel and other activated components, thereby reducing the potential for release of radionuclides into the environment. The key ingredient in Conservant F is furfurol (furfuraldehyde). Other constituents vary, depending on specific property requirements, but include epoxy resin, mineral fillers, and hardening agents. The properties of Conservant F in both its cured and uncured states are discussed, and the potential performance of the waste packages containing spent nuclear fuel in the Arctic Kara Sea is evaluated. (author)

Furfurol-based polymers for the sealing of reactor vessels dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heiser, J.H.; Cowgill, M.G. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States). Environmental and Waste Technology Center; Sivintsev, Yu.V. [Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Inst., Moscow (Russian Federation); Alexandrov, V.P. [Research and Design Inst. for Power Engineering (Russian Federation); Dyer, R.S. [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (United States)

1997-12-31

Between 1965 and 1988, 16 naval reactor vessels were dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea. Six of the vessels contained spent nuclear fuel that had been damaged during accidents. In addition, a container holding {approx} 60% of the damaged fuel from the No. 2 reactor of the atomic icebreaker `Lenin` was dumped in 1967. Before dumping, the vessels were filled with a solidification agent, Conservant F, in order to prevent direct contact between the seawater and the fuel and other activated components, thereby reducing the potential for release of radionuclides into the environment. The key ingredient in Conservant F is furfurol (furfuraldehyde). Other constituents vary, depending on specific property requirements, but include epoxy resin, mineral fillers, and hardening agents. The properties of Conservant F in both its cured and uncured states are discussed, and the potential performance of the waste packages containing spent nuclear fuel in the Arctic Kara Sea is evaluated. (author) 4 refs.

Transport mechanisms of radioactive substances in the Arctic Ocean. Modelling and experimental studies in the Kara and Barents Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nies, H.; Karcher, M.; Bahe, C.; Backhaus, J.; Harms, I.

1999-03-01

In 1992, it became known to the public that the former Soviet Union had dumped large amounts of radioactive waste in the Arctic Ocean since about 1959. The waste was dumped into the Kara and Barents Seas in liquid and solid form, sealed in barrels or containers, as reactor parts but also as complete ship reactors including spent fuel. Wrecks of nuclear submarines were dumped near the coast of Novaya Semlya, in depths less than 50 m. The dumping took place in strong contradiction to international rules and conventions. After some confusion and overestimation of the total radioactive inventory, the amount of the waste and the dump site locations are well known, meanwhile. International pressure and the more open information policy of Russia helped to improve the situation. Various international fora primarily within the IAEA and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) investigated the potential consequences from these dumping practices. This report is the German contribution to these international assessments. The dumped objects in the Kara Sea encompass 17 nuclear ship reactors, seven of them still carrying spent fuel. Four dump sites are located in small and shallow fjords at the east coast of Novaya Semlya, and in the Novaya Semlya Trough, in max. depth of 420 m. The total radioactive inventory was, at the time of dumping, 37 PBq. During the project numerous samples from seawater and sediment were analysed on artificial radionuclides in Arctic waters. This included samples from the Kara Sea but also samples around the Russian nuclear submarine Komsomolets sunk in the Norwegian Sea at a depth of about 1700 m in 1989. Numerical hydrodynamic models in local, regional and global scale were used to predict the potential dispersion of released radionuclides from the dumped wastes and reactors in the Kara Sea. (orig.) [de

Pronounced anomalies of air, water, ice conditions in the Barents and Kara Seas, and the Sea of Azov

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gennady G. Matishov

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses the anomalous hydrometeorological situation that occurred at the beginning of 2012 in the seas of the Russian Arctic and Russian South. Atmospheric blocking in the temperate zone and the extension of the Siberian High to the Iberian Peninsula (known as the Voeikov et al. axis led to a positive anomaly of air and water temperatures and a decrease in the ice extent in the Barents and Kara Seas. At the same time a prolonged negative air temperature anomaly was recorded in central and southern Europe and led to anomalously severe ice conditions in the Sea of Azov. Winter hydrographic conditions in the Barents and Kara Seas are illustrated by a unique set of observations made using expendable bathythermosalinographs (XCTD.

Severnaya Zemlya, arctic Russia: a nucleation area for Kara Sea ice sheets during the Middle to Late Quaternary

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Möller, Per; Lubinski, David J.; Ingólfsson, Ólafur

2006-01-01

Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and relative sea-level changes reveal at least four expansions of the Kara Sea ice sheet over the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago at 79°N in the Russian Arctic, as indicated from tills interbedded with marine sediments, exposed in stratigraphic superposition, and from......-5e and MIS 5d-3. The MIS 6-5e event, associated with the high marine limit, implies ice-sheet thickness of >2000 m only 200 km from the deep Arctic Ocean, consistent with published evidence of ice grounding at ~1000 m water depth in the central Arctic Ocean. Till fabrics and glacial tectonics record...... repeated expansions of local ice caps exclusively, suggesting wet-based ice cap advance followed by cold-based regional ice-sheet expansion. Local ice caps over highland sites along the perimeter of the shallow Kara Sea, including the Byrranga Mountains, appear to have repeatedly fostered initiation...

Furfural-based polymers for the sealing of reactor vessels dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heiser, J.H.; Cowgill, M.G.; Sivintsev, Y.V.; Alexandrov, V.P.; Dyer, R.S.

1996-01-01

Between 1965 and 1988, 16 naval reactor vessels were dumped in the Arctic Kara Sea. Six of the vessels contained spent nuclear fuel that had been damaged during accidents. In addition, a container holding ∼ 60% of the damaged fuel from the No. 2 reactor of the atomic icebreaker Lenin was dumped in 1967. Before dumping, the vessels were filled with a solidification agent, Conservant F, in order to prevent direct contact between the seawater and the fuel and other activated components, thereby reducing the potential for release of radionuclides into the environment. The key ingredient in Conservant F is furfural (furfuraldehyde). Other constituents vary, depending on specific property requirements, but include epoxy resin, mineral fillers, and hardening agents. In the liquid state (prior to polymerization) Conservant F is a low viscosity, homogeneous resin blend that provides long work times (6--9 hours). In the cured state, Conservant F provides resistance to water and radiation, has high adhesion properties, and results in minimal gas evolution. This paper discusses the properties of Conservant F in both its cured and uncured states and the potential performance of the waste packages containing spent nuclear fuel in the Arctic Kara Sea

Hydrographic structure and variability of the Kara Sea: Implications for pollutant distribution

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlov, V. K.; Pfirman, S. L.

Nuclear activity on land and dumping of waste in the Siberian shelf seas mean that the Kara Sea is most likely to experience inputs of radioactivity. Industrial and other anthropogenic activities in the expansive Ob' and Yenisey watersheds also contribute organochlorines, heavy metals and oil to this region. Contaminant fate is influenced by the distribution of the river discharge and processes associated with ice formation and ocean currents. Although average conditions are important in the transport of pollutants, events such as storms and iceberg gouging may be critical in deciding the ultimate fate of dumped and released contaminants.

Marine reactor pressure vessels dumped in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mount, M.E.

1997-01-01

Between 1965 and 1988, 16 marine reactors from seven Russian submarines and the icebreaker Lenin, each of which suffered some form of reactor accident, were dumped in a variety of containments, using a number of sealing methods, at five sites in the Kara Sea. All reactors were dumped at sites that varied in depth from 12 to 300 m and six contained their spent nuclear fuel (SNF). This paper examines the breakdown of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) barriers due to corrosion, with specific emphasis on those RPVs containing SNF. Included are discussions of the structural aspects of the steam generating installations and their associated RPVs, a summary of the disposal operations, assumptions on corrosion rates of structural and filler materials, and an estimate of the structural integrity of the RPVs at the present time (1996) and in the year 2015

Physical and meteorological data from HELLAND-HANSEN from the Kara Sea from 08 June 1966 to 21 June 1966 (NODC Accession 9600035)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Physical and meteorological data from HELLAND-HANSEN from the Kara Sea. Data were collected by the University of Bergen Geophysical Institute from 08 June 1966 to 21...

On 99Tc, 137Cs and 90Sr in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahlgaard, H.

1995-01-01

Technetium-99 in the Arctic seas originate mainly from European reprocessing plants whereas 137 Cs and 90 Sr have many sources. It appears that for 137 Cs, re-mobilisation from the Irish Sea of sedimented activity from earlier discharges and the outflow of Baltic water contaminated with Chernobyl activity, are more important sources to the present contamination of the Kara Sea than new European discharges. As opposed to 137 Cs and 99 Tc, 90 Sr is correlated with low salinity waters. It is argued, that this is due to runoff of global atmospheric fallout 90 Sr from land. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

Distribution coefficients (Kd's) for use in risk assessment models of the Kara Sea.

Science.gov (United States)

Carroll, J; Boisson, F; Teyssie, J L; King, S E; Krosshavn, M; Carroll, M L; Fowler, S W; Povinec, P P; Baxter, M S

1999-07-01

As a prerequisite for most evaluations of radionuclide transport pathways in marine systems, it is necessary to obtain basic information on the sorption potential of contaminants onto particulate matter. Kd values for use in modeling radionuclide dispersion in the Kara Sea have been determined as part of several international programs addressing the problem of radioactive debris residing in Arctic Seas. Field and laboratory Kd experiments were conducted for the following radionuclides associated with nuclear waste: americium, europium, plutonium, cobalt, cesium and strontium. Emphasis has been placed on two regions in the Kara Sea: (i) the Novaya Zemlya Trough (NZT) and (ii) the mixing zones of the Ob and Yenisey Rivers (RMZ). Short-term batch Kd experiments were performed at-sea on ambient water column samples and on samples prepared both at-sea and in the laboratory by mixing filtered bottom water with small amounts of surficial bottom sediments (particle concentrations in samples = 1-30 mg/l). Within both regions, Kd values for individual radionuclides vary over two to three orders of magnitude. The relative particle affinities for radionuclides in the two regions are americium approximately equal to europium > plutonium > cobalt > cesium > strontium. The values determined in this study agree with minimum values given in the IAEA Technical Report [IAEA, 1985. Sediment Kd's and Concentration Factors for Radionuclides in the Marine Environment. Technical Report No. 247. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.]. Given the importance of Kd's in assessments of critical transport pathways for radionuclide contaminants, we recommend that Kd ranges of values for specific elements rather than single mean values be incorporated into model simulations of radionuclide dispersion.

On the calculation of scattered fields by 3-D structure in the time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method; Jikan ryoiki denjiho ni okeru sanjigen kozo kara no sanranba no keisan ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, Y [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Saito, A; Oya, T [Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

This paper describes the calculation method of 3-D underground structures in TDME method which measures only field components. Recently, FDTD method was developed as calculation method in time domain difference calculus, and the forward analysis accuracy of 3-D fields was rapidly improved. The survey results using a large-scale loop (600m{times}360m) were numerically analyzed by FDTD method. 16 measuring lines were prepared in both X and Y directions, and measuring points were prepared on intersection points of the measuring lines. Since signal current is staircase one, step and impulse responses of the ground were determined by calculating magnetic field and its time differentiation. The rectangular body (120m{times}120m{times}100m) of 0.2S/m in conductivity (5 ohm m in resistivity) was installed 160m under the ground as 3-D resistivity anomaly. The ground of 0.01S/m (100 ohm m) was assumed. Time variation in horizontal magnetic field vector plot of impulse responses of the uniform ground could be observed. The position of the resistivity anomaly could be also determined from spacial differentiation of magnetic field of grid pattern measuring points. 1 ref., 6 figs.

Spatial patterns of water quality parameters in upper layer of the Kara Sea in summer 2016 based on laser remote sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Osokina, Varvara; Pelevin, Vadim; Shatravin, Alexander; Belyaev, Nikolay; Demidov, Andrey; Redzhepova, Zuleyha

2017-04-01

The paper represents results of remote sensing by means of Laser Induced Fluorescence LiDAR during the expedition in Kara Sea in summer 2016. The expedition took place in Western and Southern parts of Kara Sea including Ob and Yenisei areas from June, 14 to August, 20 2016. The LiDAR observations were obtained from the research vessel Mstislav Keldysh and included 4600 km of almost continuous measurements and 94 complex stations. As a result now there is a vast LiDAR database available for scientific purposes. The data were processed and recalculated providing a set of high resolution maps of distribution of main oceanographic water quality parameters including chlorophyll "a", total organic carbon and total suspended matter in surface layer. The proceeded maps give a precise information about the location of frontal zones between Ob and Yenisei waters and Kara Sea waters, provide a detailed picture of complex surface water structure in central Kara Sea and other locations and present data about spatial distinction of concentrations of measured water parameters. The LiDAR measurements were afterwards compared to data, obtained by underway flow-through CTD measuring system and satellite images providing adjunct information on water parameters' distribution features. The instruments of UFL (Ultraviolet fluorescent LiDAR) series were developed by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia, and have been successfully used in lots of scientific expeditions in different water areas. UFL LiDARs take measurements with sampling rate up to 2 Hz from the vessel under way in any weather or sunlight conditions. The measurements are linked to a GPS, and so all data are geo-tagged and can be used to create interpolated maps of the measured parameters. The instrument analyses backward signal from dual excitation (355, 532 nm) laser pulses emitted at 2 Hz. The signal is detected across 11 bands in series (355, 385, 404, 424, 440, 460, 499, 532, 620, 651, 685 nm) on

NODC Standard Product: Climatic atlas of the Arctic Seas 2004 - Database of the Barents, Kara, Laptev, and White Seas - Oceanography and marine biology (NODC Accession 0098061)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This Atlas presents primary data on meteorology, oceanography, and hydrobiology from the Barents, Kara, Laptev, and White Seas, which were collected during the...

Oceanographic profile temperature, salinity, oxygen and other measurements collected using bottle in the Barents, Kara, Laptev, White, and Norwegian Seas from 1970 through 1975 (NODC Accession 0002125)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Oceanographic profile temperature, salinity, oxygen and other measurements collected using bottle in the Barents, Kara, Laptev, White, and Norwegian Seas from 1970...

Oceanographic profile temperature, salinity, oxygen and other measurement collected using bottle in the Barents, Kara, Laptev, White, and Norwegian Seas from 1976 through 1982 (NODC Accession 0002126)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Oceanographic profile temperature, salinity, oxygen and other measurement collected using bottle in the Barents, Kara, Laptev, White, and Norwegian Seas from 1976...

Experimentation of nuclear weapons, releases and storages of radioactive wastes in the Kara sea and in New Zemble

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Charmasson, S.

1996-01-01

132 nuclear weapons were tested from 1955 to 1990 in New Zemble. From 1959 to 1993, low level liquid radioactive wastes, low and medium level solid radioactive wastes, reactor core and fuel of submarine and nuclear propelled ships were released in the Kara and the Barentz seas. For these two seas, a recapitulation of the different radioactive sources and the found level of radioactivity of the marine environment are presented. (A.B.). 22 refs. 4 figs., 6 tabs

Spatial features of glacier changes in the Barents-Kara Sector

Science.gov (United States)

Sharov, A. I.; Schöner, W.; Pail, R.

2009-04-01

In the 1950s, the total area of glaciers occupying separate islands and archipelagos of the Barents and Kara seas exceeded 92,300 km² (Atlas of the Arctic 1985). The overall glacier volume reached 20,140 km³ and the average ice thickness was given as 218 m. Our recent remote sensing studies and mass-balance estimates using spaceborne ASTER and LANDSAT imagery, ERS and JERS radar interferometric mosaics, and ICESat altimetry data revealed that, in the 2000s, the areal extent and volume of Barents-Kara glaciation amounted to 86,200±200 km² and 19,330±20 km³, respectively. The annual loss of land ice influenced by severe climate change in longitudinal direction was determined at approx. 8 km³/a in Svalbard, 4 km³/a both in the Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagos, and less than 0.3 km³/a in Severnaya Zemlya over the past 50 years. The average ice thickness of remaining glaciation increased to 224 m. This fact was explained by rapid disintegration of thinner glacier margins and essential accumulation of snow at higher glacier elevations. Both effects were clearly visible in the series of satellite image maps of glacier elevation changes generated within the framework of the INTEGRAL, SMARAGD and ICEAGE research projects. These maps can be accessed at http://joanneum.dib.at/integral or smaragd (cd results). The largest negative elevation changes were typically detected in the seaward basins of fast-flowing outlet glaciers, both at their fronts and tops. Ablation processes were stronger manifested on southern slopes of ice caps, while the accumulation of snow was generally higher on northern slopes so that main ice divides "shifted" to the north. The largest positive elevation changes (about 100 m) were found in the central part of the study region in the accumulation areas of the biggest ice caps, such as Northern Ice Cap in Novaya Zemlya, Tyndall and Windy ice domes in Franz Josef Land, and Kvitoyjokulen at Kvitøya. The sides of these glaciers

Radionuclide sources in the Barents and Kara Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, J.N.; Ellis, K.M.; Forman, S.; Polyak, L.; Ivanov, G.; Matishov, D.; Kilius, L.

1995-01-01

A study of radionuclide distributions in the Barents Sea sediments was carried out in 1992. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) Elevated levels of artificial radionuclides as great as 15,000 Bq/kg for 239,240 Pu, 250 Bq/kg for 137 Cs and 100 Bq/kg for 60 Co were measured in sediments in Chermaya Bay which have been contaminated by several nuclear tests conducted in the 1950s. 2) Sediment-depth distributions of 239,240 Pu and other artificial radionuclides are consistent with results from biodiffusion models that are constrained by 210 Pb sediment-depth distributions. These results indicate that sedimentation rates in Chernaya Bay are low ( 249 Pu/ 239 Pu and 241 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios of 0.030 and 0.0012, respectively and a 241 Am/ 239,240 Pu activity ratio of 0.05 (compared to 0.3 in fallout) which provides a method for tracking its dispersion over distances of 100 km into the Barents Sea. 4) Artificial radionuclide levels in sediments and seawater near a sunken barge loaded with radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya trough are similar to background fallout levels in the Kara Sea and provide little evidence for the release of radioactive contaminants from the dumpsite. 7 refs., 4 figs

Die Silhouette in der zeitgenössischen Kunst: Vergegenwärtigung und Bewältigung in Kara Walkers "Slavery! Slavery!"

OpenAIRE

Haarer, Andrea

2012-01-01

Lotte Reinigers Silhouettenfilme nutzten mediale Eigenschaften von Abstraktion und Imagination sowie kulturelle Kodes als visuelle Strategie, um bekannte Geschichten bildlich zu kommentieren und andersartig zu erzählen. Kara Walker setzt diese Strategie bildlichen Erzählens in der zeitgenössischen Kunst fruchtbar fort. Ihre großformatigen Silhouetten machen in "Slavery! Slavery!" (1997) die Schwierigkeit sichtbar, eine afroamerikanische Geschichte zu erzählen, die nicht von Mythen und Stereot...

Three-dimensional analysis of the magnetic structure in Hokkaido, Japan; Hokkaido no sanjigen jiki kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Makino, M [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-01

The magnetic structure in Hokkaido was quantitatively analyzed by the magnetic anomaly distribution. This paper describes its characteristics. Detection of structural boundaries and 3-D analysis of double-layer structure were conducted for the regional magnetic data in a region with about 500 km square. There was not so large difference in patterns of magnetic anomaly distribution between the case that the direction of magnetization was set at 45{degree} to the west during the geomagnetic conversion according to Segawa and Oshima and the case that it was set as same as the current geomagnetic direction. The method of Blakely and Simpson was useful to detect the boundaries of magnetic structures. The structural boundaries obtained were more linear than the iso-magnetic contour lines. A new method has been conceived in which the approximation of 3-D magnetic structure analysis can be deduced, and the irregularity of magnetic basement can be determined by the repeated calculation. In practice, this method was applied to the magnetic data in the whole Hokkaido. The calculation was stably converged. It was found that the magnetic structure obtained in the Kamuikotan/Ishikari-Kitakami magnetic belt exhibited a fault structure having steep slopes accompanied by the basin structure in the western boundaries. 19 refs., 6 figs.

NODC Standard Product: International ocean atlas Volume 2 - Biological atlas of the Arctic Seas 2000 - Plankton of the Barents and Kara Seas (1 disc set) (NODC Accession 0098568)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Presented in this CD-ROM are physical and biological data for the region extending from the Barents Sea to the Kara Sea during 158 scientific cruises for the period...

Cesium-137 global fallout into the Ob river basin and its influence on the Kara sea contamination - Weapons fallout cesium-137 in the Ob' catchment landscapes and its influence on radioactive contamination of the Kara sea: Western Siberia, Russia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semenkov, Ivan N.; Miroshnikov, Alexey Yu. [The Organization of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of geology of ore deposits, petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation)

2014-07-01

There are several high level {sup 137}Cs anomaly zones detected in the deposits of the SW part of the Kara Sea. These anomaly zones were formed in the Ob' and the Enisey river estuaries due to the geochemical 'river-sea' boarder barrier. Level of radiocaesium specific activity reaches 120 Bq*kg{sup -1} in the deposits from these zones. Radiochemical enterprises occur in the both river basins. Their activity results in caesium-137 transfer into the river net. Vast area is contaminated by {sup 137}Cs after nuclear weapons in Semipalatinsk test-site and Kyshtym disaster in the Ob' river basin. Moreover, caesium comes to the Ob' and the Enisey river basins with global atmospheric fallout. The inflow of global fallout caesium-137 to the catchments is 660 kCi (320 kCi including radioactive decay) that is 4 times higher than {sup 137}Cs emission due to Fukushima disaster. Therefore, these river basins as any other huge catchment are an important sources of radioactive contamination of the Arctic Ocean. The aim of our research is to study behavior of global fallout caesium-137 in the landscapes of the Ob and the Enisey river basins. We studied caesium-137 behavior on the example of first order catchments in taiga, wetland, forest-steppe, steppe, and semi-arid landscapes. Geographic information system (GIS) was made. The tenth-order catchments (n=154, Horton coding system) shape 20-groups due to topsoil properties controlling cesium mobility. Eleven first-order basins, characterized 7 groups of tenth order catchments, were studied. And 700 bulk-core soil samples were collected in 2011-2013. Cesium runoff is calculated for 3 first-order river basins in taiga and forest-steppe landscapes. Storage of global fallout caesium-137 declines from undisturbing taiga first-order river basin (90% of cumulative fallout including radioactive decay)> arable steppe and fores-steppe (70 - 75%)> undisturbing wetland (60%). Caesium-137 transfer is high in arable lands

Leaching of radionuclides from furfural-based polymers used to solidify reactor compartments and components disposed of in the Arctic Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heiser, J.H.; Sivintsev, Y.; Alexandrov, V.P.; Dyer, R.S.

1999-01-01

Within the course of operating its nuclear navy, the former Soviet Union (FSU) disposed of reactor vessels and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in three fjords on the east coast of Novaya Zemlya and in the open Kara Sea within the Novaya Zemlya Trough during the period 1965 to 1988. The dumping consisted of 16 reactors, six of which contained SNF and one special container that held ca. 60% of the damaged SNF and the screening assembly from the No. 2 reactor of the atomic icebreaker Lenin. At the time, the FSU considered dumping of decommissioned nuclear submarines with damaged cores in the bays of and near by the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic Kara Sea to be acceptable. To provide an additional level of safety, a group of Russian scientists embarked upon a course of research to develop a solidification agent that would provide an ecologically safe barrier. The barrier material would prevent direct contact of seawater with the SNF and the resultant leaching and release of radionuclides. The solidification agent was to be introduced by flooding the reactors vessels and inner cavities. Once introduced the agent would harden and form an impermeable barrier. This report describes the sample preparation of several ''Furfurol'' compositions and their leach testing using cesium 137 as tracer

Measuring microbial protein supply from purine excretion in Yerli Kara cattle in Turkey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, N.; Gucus, A.I.; Ozcan, H.; Uluturk, S.; Yaman, S.

1999-01-01

The urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was measured in four Yerli Kara (Bos indicus) bulls in two experiments, a fasting experiment lasting for 7 days and the other, where animals were given a diet containing 30% wheat straw and 70% compounded feed at four levels of intake (40, 60, 80 and 95% of voluntary feed intake). In the second experiment, which was carried out according to a 4 x 4 Latin Square design, four animals receiving 60 and 95% levels of intake were also given a single injection of 8- 14 C-uric acid via a jugular catheter. In addition to the above two experiments, the activity of xanthine oxidase and uricase in plasma, liver and intestinal mucosa obtained from Yerli Kara cattle was also determined. In the first experiment, fasting PD excretion averaged 0.691 (± 0.053) mmol/kg W 0.75 /d. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular load and net re-absorption of allantoin between pre-fasting and fasting were statistically significant (P 14 C-uric acid as total PD was 72.5 and 89.9% for 60 and 95% feeding levels, respectively. The average recovery was 81%. Plasma kinetics measured by 8- 14 C-uric acid indicated that the total compartment pool size was 214.0 (± 43.8) and 250.3 L (± 29.5) for 60 and 95% feeding levels, respectively. GFR, tubular load and net re-absorption of uric acid and allantoin were not affected by feed intake. The allantoin:PD molar ratios changed between 0.78 to 0.93 for the four levels feed intake. There were significant correlations between PD excretion (mmol/d), and DDMI (kg/d) and DOMI (kg/d) (r = 0.99, P 0.75 DDMI, 19.8 mmol/kg DDMI and 22.7 mmol/kg DOMI. Xanthine oxidase and uricase activities were: 1.34 (± 0.72) and 0.44 (± 0.05), and 0.13 (± 0.03) and 0.08 (± 0.03) unit/g fresh tissue in liver and intestinal mucosa, respectively. In plasma xanthine oxidase activity was 5.0 (± 1.2) unit/L while uricase activity was absent. (author)

Development, standardization and validation of purine excretion technique for measuring microbial protein supply for Yerli Kara cross-breed cattle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, N.; Ozdemir, H.; Gucus, A.I.; Ozcan, H.; Sogut, A.; Yaman, S.

2002-01-01

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate of the developed techniques for uric acid, allantoin and creatinine in Yerli Kara cross-breed cattle on farm at different feeding level locally available feed resources and linking the observed information to feed intake and to assess of protein nutrition status of Yerli Kara cross-breed dairy cattle using urinary PD and creatinine excretion. In Experiment I. Response of daily PD excretion to feed intake in Yerli Kara cross-breed on state farm was measured. Animals were fed a mixed diet containing 30 % wheat straw and 70 % compounded feed. The diet contained 90 % DM, its N and OM contents were 124 and 950 g/kg DM, respectively. In Experiment II. Spot urine sampling techniques was applied at state farm. Four Yerli Kara cross-breed bulls live weight with a mean of 211±41.3 kg were used. Experimental design, feeding and diet were the same as in Experiment I. The treatments were [located according to a 4x4 Latin Square design. In Experiment III. Spot urine sampling techniques was applied at smallholder farms. Compound feed containing 65 % barley, 25 % bran, 6 % sunflower seed meal, 3 % manner dust and 1 % mineral and vitamin mixture (120 g/kg DM-Crude Protein and 950 g/kg DM-Organic Matter)- was offered total in between 2 to 3 kg in two parts one in the morning (07:30 h) and one in the afternoon (17:00 h). Compound feed ingredients were similar given to all animals but Groups I, II and III animals were receiving 1 to 2 kg/d of straw (30 g CP/kg DM, 93Og OM/kg DM), grass hay (70g CP/kg DM, 915 g OM/kg DM), straw and grass hay respectively. There were significant correlations (R 2 =0.99) between PD excretion (mmol/d) and DOMI (kg/d) for YK-C cattle. PD execration (mmol/L) was plotted against PD: Creatinine W 0.75 to obtain slope and use as constant for the estimation of daily PD excretion from spot sampling from animals held by small holders. The equation could be expressed as: PD (mmol/d)=8.27+0.960 (PD:CxW 0.75 ). The

Ar-40 to Ar-39 ages of the large impact structures Kara and Manicouagan and their relevance to the Cretaceous-Tertiary and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary

Science.gov (United States)

Trieloff, M.; Jessberger, E. K.

Since the discovery of the Ir enrichment in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays in 1980, the effects of a 10-km asteroid impacting on the Earth 65 Ma ago have been discussed as the possible reason for the mass extinction--including the extinction of the dinosaurs--at the end of the Cretaceous. But up to now no crater of this age that is large enough (ca. 200 km in diameter) has been found. One candidate is the Kara Crater in northern Siberia. Kolesnikov et al. determined a K-Ar isochron of 65.6 +/- 0.5 Ma, indistinguishable from the age of the K-T boundary and interpreted this as confirmation of earlier proposals that the Kara bolide would have been at least one of the K-T impactors. Koeberl et al. determined Ar-40 to Ar-39 ages ranging from 70 to 82 Ma and suggested an association to the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary, another important extinction horizon 73 Ma ago. We dated four impact melts, KA2-306, KA2-305, SA1-302, and AN9-182. Results from the investigation are discussed.

Pengaruh Diameter Partikel Terhadap Konsentrasi L-Dopa, Kc Dan De Pada Ekstraksi L-Dopa Dari Biji Kara Benguk (Mucuna Pruriens Dc.

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Eni Budiyati

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Mucuna pruriens (biji kara benguk merupakan tanaman penghasil bahan obat-obatan karena mengandung senyawa L-Dopa. Senyawa tersebut dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit gangguan syaraf, anti bisa ular, meningkatkan bobot dan kekuatan otot, vitalitas seksual pria, zat anti-aging dan obat cacing pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi L- Dopa dari biji kara benguk dengan menggunakan pelarut air. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi pengaruh dari diameter partikel terhadap konsentrasi L- dopa hasil ekstraksi, koefisien transfer massa (kC, dan difusivitas efektif (De. Tahapan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah, persiapan bahan baku, proses ekstraksi, dan analisis L-Dopa. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dalam tangki yang dilengkapi dengan thermometer. Analisis L-Dopa dilakukan dengan dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil diameter partikel maka konsentrasi L-Dopa terekstrak semakin besar. Konsentrasi tertinggi diperoleh pada diameter partikel 0,5 mm yaitu 1739,56 ppm. Nilai difusivitas efektif (De untuk variabel diameter partikel (0,5; 0,675; 2,18; dan 2,5 mm hampir sama yaitu 2,99.10–5 sampai 3,07.10–5 cm2/menit. Sedangkan nilai koefisien transfer massa (kC berbanding terbalik dengan diameter partikel. Nilai kC berkisar antara 2,83.10-2 sampai 3,98.10-2 g/cm2.menit. 

PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS FROM PERMAFROST SEQUENCES AT THE KARA SEA COAST (NW SIBERIA, RUSSIA

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Irina Streletskaya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The Kara Sea coasts were studied using comprehensive stratigraphic and geocryological methods. The paper presents the new analytical studies of ground ice and Quaternary deposits of Western Taymyr and presents the results of spore and pollen, foraminifera, grain-size, mineralogical, geochemical, oxygen isotopic, and other analyses. Several stratigraphic-geocryological transects from Yenisey and Gydan Bays enable us to refine the stratigraphy and palaeogeographical reconstruction of the environments and freezing of Late Pleistocene-Holocene sediments. Marine sedimentation conditions during the late Kargino time (MIS3 changed to continental conditions in MIS2 and MIS1. Marine sediments were frozen syn- and epigenetically with cryotexture and ground ice formation. Ice wedges formation corresponds to the end of the Pleistocene (MIS2 and during cooler periods of the Holocene.

Potential ocean–atmosphere preconditioning of late autumn Barents-Kara sea ice concentration anomaly

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Martin P. King

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Many recent studies have revealed the importance of the climatic state in November on the seasonal climate of the subsequent winter. In particular, it has been shown that interannual variability of sea ice concentration (SIC over the Barents-Kara (BK seas in November is linked to winter atmospheric circulation anomaly that projects on the North Atlantic Oscillation. Understanding the lead–lag processes involving the different components of the climate system from autumn to winter is therefore important. This note presents dynamical interpretation for the ice-ocean–atmosphere relationships that can affect the BK SIC anomaly in late autumn. It is found that cyclonic (anticyclonic wind anomaly over the Arctic in October, by Ekman drift, can be responsible for positive (negative SIC in the BK seas in November. The results also suggest that ocean heat transport via the Barents Sea Opening in September and October can contribute to BK SIC anomaly in November.

The Kara Bogaz Gol Bay, Lake Issyk Kul and Aral Sea sediments as archives of climate change in the Aral-Caspian catchment basin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferronsky, V.I.; Brezgunov, V.S.; Vlasova, L.S.; Karpychev, Y.A.; Polyakov, V.A.; Bobkov, A.F.; Romanovsky, V.V.; Johnson, T.; Ricketts, D.; Rasmussen, K.

2002-01-01

A 5-m long core of bottom sediments from the Kara Bogaz Gol Bay of the Caspian Sea, 4- m and 2-m cores from the Issyk Kul Lake of the Thian Shan Mountains, and a 4-m core from the Aral Sea were examined for evidence of climatic and environmental changes in the catchment basin of the Central Asia Region. The distribution of 18 O and 13 C in the bulk carbonates, 2 H in the pore water, radiocarbon age, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the lake water, abundance of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , and the basic salt ions of Na + , K + , Cl - , SO 4 2- in the cores were measured. The isotope and hydrogeochemical data of the Kara Bogaz Gol Bay sediments prove a historical scenario for the basin which suggests that fresh water has been discharged to the Caspian Sea during the Bay's humid episode across the Central Asia Region (∼ 9 Ka BP). Isotope and geochemical evidence indicate that the sedimentation of the upper core segment has taken place during the last ∼2.2 Ka BP in the environment of sea water recharged from the Central Caspian Basin. The period of between 4.3 and 6 Ka BP, which relates to the core depth interval of between 170 cm and 260 cm, demonstrates the most dramatic change in the sedimentation rate in the Issyk Kul Lake. It means that active melting of the mountain glaciers and warming of climate has happened just in this period. The swamp plant peat layers at depths of 230 cm and 130 cm indicate that during 3.5-3.7 Ka BP and 1.6-1.8 Ka BP the Aral Sea dried and broke up into a number of lakes and swamps. Sediment cores taken from the bottom of the Kara Bogaz Gol Bay, Lake Issyk Kul and Aral Sea show periodic rise and fall in water levels during the last ∼10 000 years. Two peat layers within the sediment core of the Aral Sea and dated at 1.6-1.8 Ka BP and 3.5-3.7 Ka BP demonstrate that this reservoir also periodically dried. (author)

Movement of a female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in the Kara Sea during the summer sea-ice break-up.

Science.gov (United States)

Rozhnov, V V; Platonov, N G; Naidenko, S V; Mordvintsev, I N; Ivanov, E A

2017-01-01

The polar bear movement trajectory in relation to onset date of the sea-ice break-up was studied in the coastal zone of the Taimyr Peninsula, eastern part of the Kara Sea, using as an example a female polar bear tagged by a radio collar with an Argos satellite transmitter. Analysis of the long-term pattern of ice melting and tracking, by means of satellite telemetry, of the female polar bear who followed the ice-edge outgoing in the north-eastern direction (in summer 2012) suggests that direction of the polar bear movement depends precisely on the direction of the sea-ice cover break-up.

Farklı Vinifikasyon Tekniklerinin Kalecik Karası Şaraplarındaki Fenolik Bileşik İçeriklerine Etkisi

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Hande Tahmaz

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Fenolik bileşikler şaraba duyusal özelliklerini katmakla beraber, insan sağlığı açısından yararları olduğu bilinen bileşiklerdir ve miktarları vinifikasyon tekniklerine göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada Kalecik Karası üzüm çeşidinden termovinifikasyon ve soğuk maserasyon uygulamaları ile elde edilen şaraplarda toplam antosiyanin, toplam fenolik bileşik, antioksidan aktivite, kateşin, epikateşin, rutin, trans-resveratrol ve cis-resveratrol miktarlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bitkisel materyalini oluşturan Kalecik Karası üzüm çeşidi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Kalecik Bağcılık Araştırma ve Uygulama İstasyonu’nda bulunan bağdan 1,100 dansitede hasat edilmiştir. Soğuk maserasyon ve termovinifikasyon uygulamaları öncesi üzümler şaraba işlenmeden önce 72 saat soğuk hava deposunda tutulmuşlar ve sırası ile 1,116 ve 1,115 dansitede şaraba işlenmişlerdir. Araştırma sonucunda soğuk maserasyon uygulamasının fenolik bileşik içeriklerinde düşüşe sebep olduğu, termovinifikasyon uygulamasının ise şaraplarda antioksidan aktivite, toplam fenolik bileşik, kateşin, rutin ve trans-resveratrol içeriklerini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Radioactive contamination from dumped nuclear waste in the Kara Sea--results from the joint Russian-Norwegian expeditions in 1992-1994.

Science.gov (United States)

Salbu, B; Nikitin, A I; Strand, P; Christensen, G C; Chumichev, V B; Lind, B; Fjelldal, H; Bergan, T D; Rudjord, A L; Sickel, M; Valetova, N K; Føyn, L

1997-08-25

Russian-Norwegian expeditions to the Kara Sea and to dumping sites in the fjords of Novaya Zemlya have taken place annually since 1992. In the fjords, dumped objects were localised with sonar and ROV equipped with underwater camera. Enhanced levels of 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr and 239,240Pu in sediments close to dumped containers in the Abrosimov and Stepovogo fjords demonstrated that leaching from dumped material has taken place. The contamination was inhomogeneously distributed and radioactive particles were identified in the upper 10 cm of the sediments. 137Cs was strongly associated with sediments, while 90Sr was more mobile. The contamination was less pronounced in the areas where objects presumed to be reactor compartments were located. The enhanced level of radionuclides observed in sediments close to the submarine in Stepovogo fjord in 1993 could, however, not be confirmed in 1994. Otherwise, traces of 60Co in sediments were observed in the close vicinity of all localised objects. Thus, the general level of radionuclides in waters, sediments and biota in the fjords is, somewhat higher or similar to that of the open Kara Sea, i.e. significantly lower than in other adjacent marine systems (e.g. Irish Sea, Baltic Sea, North Sea). The main sources contributing to radioactive contamination were global fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, river transport from Ob and Yenisey, marine transport of discharges from Sellafield, UK and fallout from Chernobyl. Thus, the radiological impact to man and the arctic environment of the observed leakages from dumped radioactive waste today, is considered to be low. Assuming all radionuclides are released from the waste, preliminary assessments indicate a collective dose to the world population of less than 50 man Sv.

Methane Release and Pingo-Like Feature Across the South kara Sea Shels, an Area of Thawing Offshore Permafrost

Science.gov (United States)

Serov, P.; Portnov, A.; Mienert, J.

2015-12-01

Thawing subsea permafrost controls methane release from the Russian Arctic shelf having a considerable impact on the climate-sensitive Arctic environment. Our recent studies revealed extensive gas release over an area of at least 7500 km2and presence of pingo-like features (PLFs), showing severe methane leakage, in the South Kara Sea in water depths >20m (Serov et al., 2015). Specifically, we detected shallow methane ebullition sites expressed in water column acoustic anomalies (gas flares and gas fronts) and areas of increased dissolved methane concentrations in bottom water, which might be sufficient sources of carbon for seawater-atmosphere exchange. A study of nature and source of leaking gas was focused on two PLFs, which are acoustically transparent circular mounds towering 5-9 m above the surrounding seafloor. One PLF (PLF 2) connects to biogenic gas from deeper sources, which is reflected in δ13CCH4 values ranging from -55,1‰ to -88,0‰ and δDCH4values varied from -175‰ to -246‰. Low organic matter content (0.52-1.69%) of seafloor sediments restricts extensive in situ methane production. The formation of PLF 2 is directly linked to the thawing of subsea permafrost and, possibly, decomposition of permafrost related gas hydrates. High accumulations of biogenic methane create the necessary forces to push the remaining frozen layers upwards and, therefore, form a topographic feature. We speculate that PLF 1, which shows ubiquitously low methane concentrations, is either a relict submerged terrestrial pingo, or a PLF lacking the necessary underlying methane accumulations. Our model of glacial-interglacial permafrost evolution supports a scenario in which subsea permafrost tapers seaward and pinches out at 20m isobaths, controlling observed methane emissions and development of PLFs. Serov. P., A. Portnov, J. Mienert, P. Semenov, and P. Ilatovskaya (2015), Methane release from pingo-like features across the South Kara Sea shelf, an area of thawnig

Racial Stereotypes and the Art of Kara Walker Stéréotypes raciaux dans l’art de Kara Walker

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Monika Seidl

2009-07-01

Full Text Available L’artiste afro-américaine Kara Walker (1969- travaille principalement sur les silhouettes découpées, forme d’art des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles qui était alors utilisée pour les portraits, les caricatures et la décoration. Un grand nombre de critiques d’art, tout particulièrement Howardena Pindell, accuse Walker de renforcer les stéréotypes raciaux et de ne pas réussir à mettre le présent en relation avec le passé dans son travail. Cet article considère l’aspect humoristique du travail de Walker et défend l’idée que le rire est une pratique spatiale, en tant qu’expérience vécue, qui occupe une partie seulement de l’espace se trouvant entre les stéréotypes raciaux et la vie. Offrir une perspective ludique est une stratégie clé dans un contexte de recherche d’un espace à partir duquel il est possible de critiquer et d’analyser des imaginaires sociaux irréconciliables. La distorsion gênante de Walker se situe dans son insistance à aplanir les corps et donc à leur retirer tout espace, tout en les étalant littéralement en tant que projections sur une surface plane, accentuant de ce fait le coté dramatique du blanc et du noir. A première vue, les silhouettes de Walker semblent perpétuer un code dichotomique de la différence culturelle. Cependant, cet article montre que le troisième espace, celui du rire, exerce une force perturbatrice qui commente la politique de la représentation à partir des stéréotypes eux-mêmes. Cet argument est illustré par son panneau Safety Curtain I qui servit de rideau à l’Opéra de Vienne pendant l’hiver 1998-1999.

How the origin of fresh household waste affects its ability to be biodegraded: an assessment using basic tools and its application to the city of Kara in Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Segbeaya, K N; Feuillade-Cathalifaud, G; Baba, G; Koledzi, E K; Pallier, V; Tchangbedji, G; Matejka, G

2012-12-01

Waste biodegradation has been largely investigated in the literature by using conventional tests like the BMP test and the respirometric test, whereas only few studies deal with the use of leaching tests in combination with biological activity measurements. Consequently, this study used an improved leaching test to evaluate the biodegradability of two deposits of fresh household waste from the city of Kara in Togo. The first deposit came from households in neighborhoods located in the outskirts of the city and the second consisted of fresh waste, mainly composed of business waste and household waste, collected in the urban center and aimed at being deposited in the landfill. A physicochemical characterization of the two deposits completed the leaching test. The biological activity was monitored by measuring O(2) consumption and CO(2) production. pH, DOC/OM, VFA/DOC ratios and the SUVA index was measured in the leaching juice to assess both the state of degradation of the waste in the deposits and the ability of the organic matter to be mobilized quickly and to be easily assimilated by microorganisms. The biodegradability of waste from the city of Kara correlated with their origin even though the physical characteristics of the two deposits studied differed greatly. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using CTD, bottle and other instruments from POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Kara Sea and Laptev Sea from 1995-07-07 to 1995-09-20 (NODC Accession 0116408)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NCEI Accession 0116408 includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Kara Sea and Laptev (or...

Mathematical modelling and radionuclide behaviour analysis in system Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Industrial Complex - Yenisei - Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Platovskikh, Yu.A.; Sergeev, I.V.; Kuznetsov, Yu.V.; Legin, V.K.; Shishlov, A.E.

2003-01-01

Equations describing radioisotope transfers in the suspension river water-bottom sediments based on radionuclide migration from industrial wastes and washing off reservoir are formulated. Coefficients of the equations were determined by means of measured data processing. On this base floodplaine sediments were estimated, dependence of radionuclide waste from time for all period of functioning of the plant was determined and their concentrations in water and bottom sediments were calculated. Balances between wastes, washing off the reservoir and radionuclide migration in bottom sediments, bottom land and the Kara Sea were formulated for the past. Procedure for the estimation of the migration of radionuclide exchange forms from bottom sediments following sharp decrease of waste in 1992 was developed. On the base of this effect and redistribution of radionuclides between bottom sediments and floodplaine sediments the rate of self-purification of the river in the future was evaluated [ru

Characteristics of radionuclide accumulation in benthic organisms and fish of the Barents and Kara Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matishov, G.G.; Matishov, D.G.; Rissanen, C.

1995-01-01

Artificial radionuclides play a specific role in the hydrochemical, geochemical, and hydrobiological processes that are currently occurring in the western Arctic. The existing data on radioactive contamination of different plant and animal species inhabiting the sea shelf are fragmentary. Hence, it was difficult to follow the transformation of radionuclides during their transmission along food chains, from phyto- and zoo-plankton to benthos, fish, birds, and marine mammals. In 1990-1994, the Murmansk Institute of Marine Biology organized expeditions to collect samples of residues on the sea floor and also of benthos, benthic fish, macrophytes, and other organisms inhabiting the shelf of the Barents and Kara Seas. These samples were tested for cesium-137, cesium-134, strontium-90, plutonium-239, plutonium-240, americium-241, and cobalt-60 in Rovaniemi (Finland) by the regional radiation administration of the Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety. Over 1000 tests were made. Their results provided new data on the content and distribution of these radionuclides among different components of marine ecosystems. 7 refs

Content and spatial distribution of 226Ra in the soils of industrial objects and seliteb zone of the Kara-Balta Complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasil'ev, I.A.; Alekhina, V.M.; Tolongutov, B.M.; Mamatbraimov, S.

2001-01-01

In the presentation the laboratory studies results of the Kara-Balta Complex area soils by the γ-spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of γi-radiating isotopes content ( 226 Ra and products of its decay, as well as another isotopes, for instant, of the thorium series) are presented. For analysis of soils γ-spectra the scintillation γ-spectrometer with NaI(Tl) crystal in the capacity of detector was used. It was determined, that the main reasons for 226 Ra anomalous concentration appealing are the Hydrometallurgical Plant' wastes losses during hydro-transporting at the pipeline accidents periods, also the ore losses at their reloading, a cars decontamination and radionuclides washing from wasted technological constructions outside the working rooms

Geology of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and the North Kara Terrane in the Russian high Arctic

Science.gov (United States)

Lorenz, Henning; Männik, Peep; Gee, David; Proskurnin, Vasilij

2008-05-01

The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago is located at 80°N near the continental shelf break, between the Kara and Laptev seas. Sedimentary successions of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic age dominate the bedrock geology. Together with Northern Tajmyr, Severnaya Zemlya constitutes the main land areas of the North Kara Terrane (NKT), which is inferred here to have been a part of the Timanide margin of Baltica, i.e. an integral part of Baltica at least since the Vendian. Vendian turbidites derived from the Timanide Orogen are inferred to have been deposited on Neoproterozoic greenschist facies, granite-intruded basement. Shallow-water siliclastic deposition in the Early to Mid-Cambrian was followed by highly organic-rich shales in the Late Cambrian and influx of more turbidites. An episode of folding, the Kan’on River deformation, separates these formations from the overlying Tremadocian conglomerates and sandstones. In the Early Ordovician, rift-related magmatic rocks accompanied the deposition of variegated marls, sandstones, carbonates and evaporites. Dark shales and gypsiferous limestones characterise the Mid-Ordovician. Late Ordovician quartz-sandstones mark a hiatus, followed by carbonate rocks that extend up into and through most of the Silurian. The latter give way upwards into Old Red Sandstones, which are inferred to have been deposited in a Caledonian foreland basin. Deformation, reaching the area in the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous and referred to as the Severnaya Zemlya episode, is thought to be Caledonian-related. The dominating E-vergent structure was controlled by décollement zones in Ordovician evaporite-bearing strata; detachment folds and thrusts developed in the west and were apparently impeded by a barrier of Ordovician igneous rocks in the east. Below the décollement zones, the Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician succession was deformed into open to close folds. The exposed strata in the lower structural level have been juxtaposed with

Radioactivity levels in Barents, Petshora, Kara, Laptev and White Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rissanen, K.; Matishov, D.; Matishov, G.G.

1995-01-01

The samples collected and analysed during joint work between the Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety and the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute cover a rather large area of the arctic in north west Russia. All the analysed sediments, algae, benthic and fish samples, have shown surprisingly low radionuclide concentrations and indicate that the open sea areas are almost uncontaminated. But the most interesting locations with potential risk sources are closed areas. 134 Cs isotope originating from the fallout of the Chernobyl accident was measured only in terrestrial samples collected on the Kola peninsula and around the White Sea. Small amounts of this isotope with only 2 years half-life was also noticed in some sediment samples from White Sea. 134 Cs isotopes was not noticed in any terrestrial sample collected from the coastal area between the Kanin peninsula and the Jenisey river. The very low concentrations of 134 Cs isotope measured in Kara Sea sediment samples were usually in association with an outlet of a river and were obviously transported by river water from the central parts of Russia. The measured low concentrations of the antropogenic radionuclides in the Barents and Petshora Sea originate obviously from the global fallout. The higher White Sea concentrations contain also additional fallout from the Chernobyl accident and probably also some terrestrial runoff. Low concentration of 60 Co isotopes in some sediment, algae and benthic fauna samples, reveals, however, slight fresh contamination, as were concentrations also at the outlet of Jenisey river. The results on well documented sampling locations represent also background data for possible leakage or other accidents. 5 refs., 3 figs, 3 tabs

Mersin-Kadıncık Havzası’ndaki Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich. ve Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold. ağaçlandırmalarının boy gelişimi ile bazı yetişme ortamı özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Sevda POLAT

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Mersin Orman Başmüdürlüğü Toprak Muhafaza ve Mera Islâhı Tatbikat Grup Müdürlüğü’nce hazırlanan Kadıncık Su Toplama Havzası Ön Etüt Raporu ve Tatbikat Raporu (OGM, 1968 uyarınca Kuzboğazı Dere Havzası ağaçlandırmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin en eski, Mersin ilinin ilk ağaçlandırmalarından biridir. Havzada sedir ve karaçam türlerinin farklı yükselti/iklim kuşağı, bakı, anakaya ve farklı meşcere kuruluşlarındaki boy gelişmeleri değerlendirilerek yetişme ortamı özellikleri ile ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Kuzboğazı Dere Havzası’nda sedir ve karaçamların üst boyu ile bakı, toprakların bir m³ hacimdeki değerlerinden kum miktarı, ince toprak miktarı, iskelet hacmi, organik karbon ve tüm azot miktarları arasında önemli ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Havzada güney bakı grubundaki sedir ve karaçamların üst boyları kuzey bakı grubundaki sedir ve karaçamlara göre daha fazladır. Kuzboğazı Dere Havzası’nda 38 yaşındaki meşcerelerde sedirin ulaştığı en yüksek üst boy; orta sedir kuşağında, dolomitik kireç taşlarından oluşmuş topraklarda, güney bakı grubundaki karaçam ile karışık meşcerede 15,10 m’dir. Karaçamda ise; orta sedir kuşağında, kalkşist anakayasından oluşmuş topraklarda, güney bakı grubunda ve sedir ile karışık meşcerede 14,45 m’dir. Kuzboğazı Dere Havzası ağaçlandırmasında 38. yılın sonunda ortalama hacim 197,11 m³/ha olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yıllık hacim artımı 5,19 m³/ha’dır. Araştırmaya göre; Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde deniz etkisine açık, 1500-2000 m yükseltide, eğimin > % 40 olduğu, dolomitik kireç taşı ve kalkşist anakayalarından oluşmuş topraklarda yapılacak ağaçlandırma çalışmalarında, kuzey bakılarda karaçam, güney bakılarda sedirin tercih edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Dissolved inorganic carbon, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using CTD, bottle and other instruments from the POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Kara Sea and Laptev (or Nordenskjold) Sea from 1993-08-06 to 1993-10-05 (NODC Accession 0113593)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NODC Accession 0113593 includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Kara Sea and Laptev (or...

As assessment of the flux of radionuclide contamination through the Ob and Yenisei rivers and estuaries to the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pauluszkiewicz, T.; Hibler, L.F.; Richmond, M.C.; Bradley, D.J.

1995-01-01

Recent data indicate that there are potentially large sources of radionuclide contamination on the Ob River system. To quantify the existing radionuclide contamination from a possible catastrophic event data and models have been used to quantify scenarios. Using a compilation of Russian data on the radionuclide contamination, hydrologic data and studies on the sediment transport process a conceptual model has been developed of the Ob system, and a numerical model has been applied to estimate the radionuclide flux to the Kara Sea. The initial results of the river modeling in the Mayak region show how important watershed flow from the marshes are to the hydrologic budget of the area. The preliminary analysis of the sediment flux indicates the need to consider the depositional (storage) regions such as the Asanow Marsh. 31 refs., 5 figs

Box model of radionuclide dispersion and radiation risk estimation for population in case of radioactivity release from nuclear submarine number-sign 601 dumped in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yefimov, E.I.; Pankratov, D.V.; Ignatiev, S.V.

1997-01-01

When ships with nuclear reactors or nuclear materials aboard suffer shipwreck or in the case of burial or dumping of radioactive wastes, atmospheric fallout, etc., radionuclides may be released and spread in the sea, contaminating the sea water and the sea bottom. When a nuclear submarine (NS) is dumped this spread of activity may occur due to gradual core destruction by corrosion over many years. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of radionuclide dispersion and to assess the population dose and radiation risk for radionuclide release from the NS No. 601, with Pb-Bi coolant that was dumped in the Kara Sea

Study of the reservoirs of Jurassic and Cretaceous periods in the south-cast slope of Central Kara-Kum vault using combination of acoustic logging, neutron-gamma logging, gamma logging, and electrical logging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meredov, T.M.; Baranov, M.I.

1978-01-01

Considered is the possibility of application of the combination of neutron-gamma logging, gamma logging al partitioncoustic logging and electrical logging to lithologica of sections, discovery reservoir layers in carbonate and terrigeneous sections as well as quantitative estimation of the porosity coefficients values at prospecting areas in the south-east slope of Central Kara-Kum vault. Neutron-gamma logging mostly makes it possible to partition carbonate rocks into limestones, dolomites and their interstitial variaties and to indicate sand stone layers with different degree of carbonate content

Determination of 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios in Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya sediments using accelerator mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oughton, D.H.; Skipperud, L.; Salbu, B.; Fifield, L.K.; Cresswell, R.C.; Day, J.P.

1999-01-01

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been used to determine Pu activity concentrations and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotope ratios in sediments from the Kara Sea and radioactive waste dumping sites at Novaya Zemlya. Measured 239,240 Pu activities ranged from 0.06 - 9.8 Bq/kg dry weight, 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios ranged from 0.13 to 0.28, and 238 Pu/ 239,240 Pu activity ratios from 0.02 to 0.6. Perturbations from global fallout isotope ratios were evident at three sites: the Yenisey Estuary and Abrosimov Fjords where 240 Pu/ 239 Pu ratios were lower (0.13-0.14); and Stepovogo Fjord sediments where ratios were higher (up to 0.28) than fallout ratios. Based on procedural blanks, detection limits for AMS were below 1 fg Pu and the method showed good precision for isotope ratio measurements, minimal matrix, interference and memory effects. For high level samples, comparison between alpha spectrometry and AMS gave good agreement for measurement of 239,240 Pu activity concentrations. (author)

Implementation of remote sensing data in research of coastal dynamics at the Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Kuznetsov, D. E.; Belova, N.; Noskov, A.; Ogorodov, S.

2011-12-01

The development of Arctic coastal regions is now in progress due to significant amount of hydrocarbon deposits discovered. In high latitudes, natural hazards such as coastal erosion and thermoerosion, deflation, linear erosion and thermal denudation, ice gouging can make petroleum production and transport unprofitable. A prominent feature of Kara Sea, as well as other Arctic seas, is the development of coast in permafrost conditions. Despite the long ice period (up to 9 months), during the ice free period coastal dynamics are very intensive. If pipeline landfall site occurs at a shore section with high retreat rate (1 - 3m/year and higher), danger of pipeline damage due to exposure, line sagging and mechanical deformations becomes high. Protective measures may appear inefficient, since shore sections with active coastal erosion are subject not only to bluff retreat, but also to nearshore zone and coastal slope erosion. Exposed pipeline sections also get in danger of sea ice effect. For correct definition of coastal dynamics setting we use dual approach. The first part is perennial instrumental monitoring of shore morphology, relying on system of benchmarks used for repeated measures, together with in-field geomorphologic expertise. Measures include direct observations and geodetic leveling onshore and echosounding offshore. Being the most precise method, direct measurements are expensive. The other drawback is that they can't give an overview of long-span tendencies of coastal evolution for prolonged shore sections, which is essential for shore deformation forecast complying with lifetime of structures (usually 30 to 50 years). This is where the importance of the 2nd part, analysis of the different time remote sensing data, becomes decisive. Most important sources of remote sensing data include Corona imagery from 1960s - 70s, aerial photos of different times (but most of them are inaccessible for Russian Arctic coast), Landsat imagery (covering a long time span

ONRASIA Scientific Information Bulletin. Volume 17, Number 4, October-December 1992

Science.gov (United States)

1992-12-01

Singapore will soon etc.) but enabling technologies. We join Japan as the only Asian have to bear in mind that new Dr. Scow Boon Quek countries with...Thomas F. 3-237 Donoghue, Michael 1-137 Lu, Stephen 4-063 Flynn, Anita 2-099 Meyer, Robert A. 3-173 Fujii, Kozo 4-099 Moffett, Jonathan D. 1-061 Gibor

Estimated inventory of radionuclides in Former Soviet Union Naval Reactors dumped in the Kara Sea and their associated health risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mount, M.E.; Layton, D.W.; Schwertz, N.L.; Anspaugh, L.R.; Robison, W.L.

1993-05-01

Radionuclide inventories have bin estimated for the reactor cores, reactor components, and primary system corrosion products in the former Soviet Union naval reactors dumped at the Abrosimov Inlet, Tsivolka Inlet, Stepovoy Inlet, Techeniye Inlet, and Novaya Zemlya Depression sites in the Kara Sea between 1965 and 1988. For the time of disposal, the inventories are estimated at 17 to 66 kCi of actinides plus daughters and 1695 to 4782 kCi of fission products in the reactor cores, 917 to 1127 kCi of activation products in the reactor components, and 1.4 to 1.6 kCi of activation products in the primary system corrosion products. At the present time, the inventories are estimated to have decreased to 6 to 24 kCi of actinides plus daughters and 492 to 540 kCi of fission products in the reactor cores, 124 to 126 kCi of activation products in the reactor components, and 0.16 to 0.17 kCi of activation products in the primary system corrosion products. All actinide activities are estimated to be within a factor of two

ISOLDE PH team, from left to right: Jennifer Weterings (user support), Susanne Kreim (research fellow), Marek Pfützner (scientific associate), Maria Garcia Borge (team leader), Elisa Rapisarda (research fellow) , Magdalena Kowalska (physics coordinator), Jan Kurcewicz (applied fellow), Monika Stachura (applied fellow). Not in the photo: Kara Lynch (PhD student).

CERN Multimedia

Visual Media Office

2013-01-01

ISOLDE PH team, from left to right: Jennifer Weterings (user support), Susanne Kreim (research fellow), Marek Pfützner (scientific associate), Maria Garcia Borge (team leader), Elisa Rapisarda (research fellow) , Magdalena Kowalska (physics coordinator), Jan Kurcewicz (applied fellow), Monika Stachura (applied fellow). Not in the photo: Kara Lynch (PhD student).

Estimated inventory of radionuclides in former Soviet Union naval reactors dumped in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mount, M.E.; Sheaffer, M.K.; Abbott, D.T.

1993-07-01

Radionuclide inventories have been estimated for the reactor cores, reactor components, and primary system corrosion products in the former Soviet Union naval reactors dumped at the Abrosimov Inlet, Tsivolka Inlet, Stepovoy Inlet, Techeniye Inlet, and Novaya Zemlya Depression sites in the Kara Sea between 1965 and 1988. For the time of disposal, the inventories are estimated at 69 to 111 kCi of actinides plus daughters and 3,053 to 7,472 kCi of fission products in the reactor cores, 917 to 1,127 kCi of activation products in the reactor components, and 1.4 to 1.6 kCi of activation products in the primary system corrosion products. At the present time, the inventories are estimated to have decreased to 23 to 38 kCi of actinides plus daughters and 674 to 708 kCi of fission products in the reactor cores, 124 to 126 kCi of activation products in the reactor components, and 0.16 to 0.17 kCi of activation products in the primary system corrosion products. Twenty years from now, the inventories are projected to be 11 to 18 kCi of actinides plus daughters and 415 to 437 kCi of fission products in the reactor cores, 63.5 to 64 kCi of activation products in the reactor components, and 0.014 to 0.015 kCi of activation products in the primary system corrosion products. All actinide activities are estimated to be within a factor of two

Using remotely sensed vegetation indices to model ecological pasture conditions in Kara-Unkur watershed, Kyrgyzstan

Science.gov (United States)

Masselink, Loes; Baartman, Jantiene; Verbesselt, Jan; Borchardt, Peter

2017-04-01

Kyrgyzstan has a long history of nomadic lifestyle in which pastures play an important role. However, currently the pastures are subject to severe grazing-induced degradation. Deteriorating levels of biomass, palatability and biodiversity reduce the pastures' productivity. To counter this and introduce sustainable pasture management, up-to-date information regarding the ecological conditions of the pastures is essential. This research aimed to investigate the potential of a remote sensing-based methodology to detect changing ecological pasture conditions in the Kara-Unkur watershed, Kyrgyzstan. The relations between Vegetation Indices (VIs) from Landsat ETM+ images and biomass, palatability and species richness field data were investigated. Both simple and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses, including terrain attributes, were applied. Subsequently, trends of these three pasture conditions were mapped using time series analysis. The results show that biomass is most accurately estimated by a model including the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) and a slope factor (R2 = 0.65, F = 0.0006). Regarding palatability, a model including the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Northness Index, Near Infrared (NIR) and Red band was most accurate (R2 = 0.61, F = 0.0160). Species richness was most accurately estimated by a model including Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Eastness Index and estimated biomass (R2 = 0.81, F = 0.0028). Subsequent trend analyses of all three estimated ecological pasture conditions presented very similar trend patterns. Despite the need for a more robust validation, this study confirms the high potential of a remote sensing based methodology to detect changing ecological pasture conditions.

Sedimentology and uranium potential of the Inyan Kara Group, near Buffalo Gap, South Dakota. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dandavati, K.S.; Fox, J.E.

1980-04-01

Sedimentary structures, along with textural and compositional evidence gathered from two stratigraphic sections of the Lower Cretaceous Inyan Kara Group in Calico and Fuson Canyons on the southeastern flank of the Black Hills, suggest the following depositional framework: the basal, Chilson Member of the Lakota Formation consists of a series of upward fining sequences deposited in point-bar and flood-plain environments of a northeasterly flowing, meandering river system. Fluvial sandstones in the Chilson include channel-fill, channel margin, crevasse microdelta and levee facies. The Minnewaste Limestone Member and the lower part of the overlying Fuson Member of the Lakota Formation were deposited in low-energy, lacustrine environments. Flood oriented tidal-delta facies overlain by tidal flat deposits in the upper part of the Fuson Member suggest an earlier incursion of the initial Cretaceous seaway, at least locally, than previously documented in the region. Lower Fall River deposits represent northeast-trending barrier bar and northwest-trending deltaic distributary mouth bar facies, reflecting an increase in sediment supply. Upper Fall River sandstones include distributary mouth bar and lower foreshore deposits. Altered sandstones of the basal Chilson Member and the lower part of the Fuson Member in Calico Canyon contain anomalous values of U 3 O 8 . Fossil wood and bone samples are also enriched in trace elements of U, V, and Mo, suggesting that uranium-bearing solutions might have passed through porous and permeable sandstones of the study area, possibly flowing toward the northeast along Chilson paleochannels

Distribution of trace gases and aerosols in the troposphere over West Siberia and Kara Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Belan, Boris D.; Arshinov, Mikhail Yu.; Paris, Jean-Daniel; Nédélec, Philippe; Ancellet, Gérard; Pelon, Jacques; Berchet, Antoine; Arzoumanian, Emmanuel; Belan, Sergey B.; Penner, Johannes E.; Balin, Yurii S.; Kokhanenko, Grigorii; Davydov, Denis K.; Ivlev, Georgii A.; Kozlov, Artem V.; Kozlov, Alexander S.; Chernov, Dmitrii G.; Fofonov, Alexader V.; Simonenkov, Denis V.; Tolmachev, Gennadii

2015-04-01

The Arctic is affected by climate change much stronger than other regions of the globe. Permafrost thawing can lead to additional methane release, which enhances the greenhouse effect and warming, as well as changes of Arctic tundra ecosystems. A great part of Siberian Arctic is still unexplored. Ground-based investigations are difficult to be carried out in this area due to it is an out-of-the-way place. So, in spite of the high cost, aircraft-based in-situ measurements can provide a good opportunity to fill up the gap in data on the atmospheric composition over this region. The ninth YAK-AEROSIB campaign was focused on the airborne survey of Arctic regions of West Siberia. It was performed in October 2014. During the campaign, the high-precision in-situ measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, O3, black carbon and aerososls, including aerosol lidar profiles, have been carried out in the Siberian troposphere from Novosibirsk to Kara Sea. Vertical distributions of the above atmospheric constituents will be presented. This work was supported by LIA YAK-AEROSIB, CNRS (France), the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CEA (France), the Branch of Geology, Geophysics and Mining Sciences of RAS (Program No. 5); State contracts of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 14.604.21.0100, (RFMTFIBBB210290) and No. 14.613.21.0013 (RFMEFI61314X0013); Interdisciplinary integration projects of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science No. 35, No. 70 and No. 131; and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants No. 14-05-00526 and 14-05-00590).

The use of 59Ni, 99Tc, and 236U to monitor the release of radionuclides from objects containing spent nuclear fuel dumped in the Kara Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mount, M.E.; Layton, D.W.; Hamilton, T.F.; Lynn, M.

1999-01-01

Between 1965 and 1981, five objects and six naval reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) from four former Soviet Union submarines and a special container from the icebreaker Lenin, all containing damaged spent nuclear fuel (SNF) were dumped in a variety of containments, at four sites in the Kara Sea. The International Atomic Energy Agency initiated the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) to study the possible health and environmental effects from disposal of these objects. One outcome of the IASAP was an estimation of the radionuclide inventory and their release rates from these objects. A follow-on concern is the ability to detect the radionuclides released into the water column. The work reported here is the feasibility of using the long-lived radionuclides 59 Ni, 99 Tc, and 236 U encased within these objects, to monitor the breakdown of the containments due to corrosion

Prolonged effect of the stratospheric pathway in linking Barents-Kara Sea sea ice variability to the midlatitude circulation in a simplified model

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Pengfei; Wu, Yutian; Smith, Karen L.

2018-01-01

To better understand the dynamical mechanism that accounts for the observed lead-lag correlation between the early winter Barents-Kara Sea (BKS) sea ice variability and the later winter midlatitude circulation response, a series of experiments are conducted using a simplified atmospheric general circulation model with a prescribed idealized near-surface heating over the BKS. A prolonged effect is found in the idealized experiments following the near-surface heating and can be explicitly attributed to the stratospheric pathway and the long time scale in the stratosphere. The analysis of the Eliassen-Palm flux shows that, as a result of the imposed heating and linear constructive interference, anomalous upward propagating planetary-scale waves are excited and weaken the stratospheric polar vortex. This stratospheric response persists for approximately 1-2 months accompanied by downward migration to the troposphere and the surface. This downward migration largely amplifies and extends the low-level jet deceleration in the midlatitudes and cold air advection over central Asia. The idealized model experiments also suggest that the BKS region is the most effective in affecting the midlatitude circulation than other regions over the Arctic.

Crustal temperature structure derived from a ground temperature gradient chart of Hokkaido; Hokkaido no chion kobaizu kara motometa chikakunai ondo kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okubo, Y. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Akita, F. [Hokkaido Geological Survey, Sapporo (Japan); Nagumo, S. [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

The Hokkaido Underground Resources Investigation Institute has prepared in 1995 a detailed temperature gradient chart that shows local anomalies around volcanoes. This paper describes an attempt to derive crustal temperature structure of Hokkaido from the above data. The model was hypothesized as a primary model in which no thermal convection exists. In volcanic and geothermal areas which show a temperature gradient of more than 100 {degree}C km {sup -1}, a solidus temperature is reached at a depth shallower than 10 km. Below the volcanic chain forming the Chishima arc, a partially melted region exists in a width of about 100 km. Most of the areas in the southern Hokkaido have the temperature reached the solidus temperature in the crust. On the other hand, in most of the areas of the forefront side, no solidus temperature is reached in the crust. In the temperature structure of a cross section crossing almost orthogonally with the volcanic front passing through Mt. Daisetsu, a high temperature area reaches to a shallow portion beneath Mt. Daisetsu, where the depth at which the solidus temperature is reached is 10 km or shallower. The range of area where the solidus depth is shallower than 10 km has a south-west width of about 40 km. This means that a partially melted area with a size of 40 km in the horizontal direction exists at a depth of several kilometers. 20 refs., 3 figs.

Radioactivity in the Arctic Seas. Report for the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-04-01

This report provides comprehensive information on environmental conditions in the Arctic Seas as required for the study of possible radiological consequences from dumped high level radioactive wastes in the Kara Sea. The report describes the oceanography of the regions, with emphasis on the Kara and Barents Seas, including the East Novaya Zemlya Fjords. The ecological description concentrates on biological production, marine food-weds and fisheries in the Arctic Seas. The report presents data on radionuclide concentrations in the Kara and Barents Seas and uses these data to estimate the inventories of radionuclides currently in the marine environment of the Kara and Barents Seas

Development of Oil Spill Monitoring System for the Black Sea, Caspian Sea and the Barents/Kara Seas (DEMOSS)

Science.gov (United States)

Sandven, Stein; Kudriavtsev, Vladimir; Malinovsky, Vladimir; Stanovoy, Vladimir

2008-01-01

DEMOSS will develop and demonstrate elements of a marine oil spill detection and prediction system based on satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other space data. In addition, models for prediction of sea surface pollution drift will be developed and tested. The project implements field experiments to study the effect of artificial crude oil and oil derivatives films on short wind waves and multi-frequency (Ka-, Ku-, X-, and C-band) dual polarization radar backscatter power and Doppler shift at different wind and wave conditions. On the basis of these and other available experimental data, the present model of short wind waves and radar scattering will be improved and tested.A new approach for detection and quantification of the oil slicks/spills in satellite SAR images is developed that can discriminate human oil spills from biogenic slicks and look-alikes in the SAR images. New SAR images are obtained in coordination with the field experiments to test the detection algorithm. Satellite SAR images from archives as well as from new acquisitions will be analyzed for the Black/Caspian/Kara/Barents seas to investigate oil slicks/spills occurrence statistics.A model for oil spills/slicks transport and evolution is developed and tested in ice-infested arctic seas, including the Caspian Sea. Case studies using the model will be conducted to simulate drift and evolution of oil spill events observed in SAR images. The results of the project will be disseminated via scientific publications and by demonstration to users and agencies working with marine monitoring. The project lasts for two years (2007 - 2009) and is funded under INTAS Thematic Call with ESA 2006.

Evaluation of the use of purine derivatives:creatinine ratio in spot urine samples as an index of microbial protein supply in Yerli Kara crossbred cattle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, N.; Ozdemir, H.; Gucus, A.I.; Ozcan, H.; Sogut, A.; Yaman, S.

2004-01-01

In Experiment I, response of daily purine derivatives (PD) excretion to feed intake in Yerli Kara crossbred (YK-C) cattle on state farms was measured. Animals were fed a mixed diet containing 30% wheat straw and 70% compounded feed. Crude protein and organic matter contents of the diet were 12.4% and 95%, respectively. In Experiment II, spot urine sampling technique was applied at state farm. Four Yerli Kara crossbred bulls with a mean live weight of 211.0 ± 41.3 kg were used. The experimental design, feeding and diet were the same as in Experiment I. The treatments were allocated according to a 4 x 4 Latin Square design. In Experiment III, spot urine sampling technique was applied at smallholder farms. Two to three kg of compound feed (crude protein 12%) containing 65% barley, 25% bran, 6% sunflower seed meal, 3% marmer dust and 1% mineral and vitamin mixture was offered in two parts, one in the morning (0730 h) and the other in the afternoon (1700 h). The ingredients in the compound feed were similar for all animals, but animals in Groups I, II and III received 1 to 2 kg/d of straw (crude protein 3%), grass hay (crude protein 7%), or both straw and grass hay respectively. In Experiment I, a significant correlation (R 2 =0.99) between PD excretion (Y, mmol/d) and digestible organic matter intake, DOMI (X, kg/d) for YK-C cattle was observed (Y = 12.5 + 19.7 X). Moreover, daily PD excretion (mmol/d) was correlated with the PDC index, which was defined as [PD molar concentration] / [Creatinine molar concentration] x kgW 0.75 . In Experiment II, the PDC index increased with level of intake. The coefficient of variation due to time of sampling for uric acid, allantoin, PD, creatinine, total-N, the PDC Index in spot urine samples were less than 5%. In Experiment III, the PDC index were 49.95 ± 13.5, 45.6 ± 13.0, 48.95 ± 15.3 for the three groups respectively. These values were similar to those for 60% intake level in Experiment I. Using the equation DOMI = 344 + 48

Sensitivity of the sea ice concentration over the Kara-Barents Sea in autumn to the winter temperature variability over East Asia

Science.gov (United States)

Cho, K. H.; Chang, E. C.

2017-12-01

In this study, we performed sensitivity experiments by utilizing the Global/Regional Integrated Model system with different conditions of the sea ice concentration over the Kara-Barents (KB) Sea in autumn, which can affect winter temperature variability over East Asia. Prescribed sea ice conditions are 1) climatological autumn sea ice concentration obtained from 1982 to 2016, 2) reduced autumn sea ice concentration by 50% of the climatology, and 3) increased autumn sea ice concentration by 50% of climatology. Differently prescribed sea ice concentration changes surface albedo, which affects surface heat fluxes and near-surface air temperature. The reduced (increased) sea ice concentration over the KB sea increases (decreases) near-surface air temperature that leads the lower (higher) sea level pressure in autumn. These patterns are maintained from autumn to winter season. Furthermore, it is shown that the different sea ice concentration over the KB sea has remote effects on the sea level pressure patterns over the East Asian region. The lower (higher) sea level pressure over the KB sea by the locally decreased (increased) ice concentration is related to the higher (lower) pressure pattern over the Siberian region, which induces strengthened (weakened) cold advection over the East Asian region. From these sensitivity experiments it is clarified that the decreased (increased) sea ice concentration over the KB sea in autumn can lead the colder (warmer) surface air temperature over East Asia in winter.

Element analysis of Japanese traditional papers by PIXE method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Tatsuya; Yasuda, Keisuke; Tani, Teruhiro

2000-01-01

The Japanese papers, 'washi', are made from the bast fibers of the plants. Since washi have the informations of the raw material plants, there is potentiality of the identification of the production place by the element analysis of the washi. Three kinds of washi made of kozo, which have different habitats, were prepared. The elements in their washi were measured by the PIXE. It was confirmed that the amount of elements included in the washi depend on the habitats of their raw material plants. (author)

Cochabamba

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

BOLIVIA as a livelihood option for poor women and men. Garbage separation ... They perform this work at the K'ara K'ara municipal garbage dump, in the many containers ... many hours as those of a normal working day. The average age ...

Statistical Modeling of Sea Ice Concentration Using Satellite Imagery and Climate Reanalysis Data in the Barents and Kara Seas, 1979–2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jihye Ahn

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Extensive sea ice over Arctic regions is largely involved in heat, moisture, and momentum exchanges between the atmosphere and ocean. Some previous studies have been conducted to develop statistical models for the status of Arctic sea ice and showed considerable possibilities to explain the impacts of climate changes on the sea ice extent. However, the statistical models require improvements to achieve better predictions by incorporating techniques that can deal with temporal variation of the relationships between sea ice concentration and climate factors. In this paper, we describe the statistical approaches by ordinary least squares (OLS regression and a time-series method for modeling sea ice concentration using satellite imagery and climate reanalysis data for the Barents and Kara Seas during 1979–2012. The OLS regression model could summarize the overall climatological characteristics in the relationships between sea ice concentration and climate variables. We also introduced autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA models because the sea ice concentration is such a long-range dataset that the relationships may not be explained by a single equation of the OLS regression. Temporally varying relationships between sea ice concentration and the climate factors such as skin temperature, sea surface temperature, total column liquid water, total column water vapor, instantaneous moisture flux, and low cloud cover were modeled by the ARIMA method, which considerably improved the prediction accuracies. Our method may also be worth consideration when forecasting future sea ice concentration by using the climate data provided by general circulation models (GCM.

Search Results | Page 70 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 691 - 700 of 875 ... Filter by region .... growth of collaborative spaces (Web 2.0) and social networking sites. ... The city of Cochabamba produces 400 tons of solid waste per day, which is transported 10 km to the K'ara K'ara (KK) dump.

National Uranium Resource Evaluation: Newcastle Quadrangle, Wyoming and South Dakota

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, E.S.; Robinson, K.; Geer, K.A.; Blattspieler, J.G.

1982-09-01

Uranium resources of the Newcastle 1 0 x2 0 Quadrangle, Wyoming and South Dakota were evaluated to a depth of 1500 m (5000 ft) using available surface and subsurface geologic information. Many of the uranium occurrences reported in the literature and in reports of the US Atomic Energy Commission were located, sampled and described. Areas of anomalous radioactivity, interpreted from an aerial radiometric survey, were outlined. Areas favorable for uranium deposits in the subsurface were evaluated using gamma-ray logs. Based on surface and subsurface data, two areas have been delineated which are underlain by rocks deemed favorable as hosts for uranium deposits. One of these is underlain by rocks that contain fluvial arkosic facies in the Wasatch and Fort Union Formations of Tertiary age; the other is underlain by rocks containing fluvial quartzose sandstone facies of the Inyan Kara Group of Early Cretaceous age. Unfavorable environments characterize all rock units of Tertiary age above the Wasatch Formation, all rock units of Cretaceous age above the Inyan Kara Group, and most rock units of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age below the Inyan Kara Group. Unfavorable environments characterize all rock units of Cretaceous age above the Inyan Kara Group, and all rock units of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age below the Inyan Kara Group

National Uranium Resource Evaluation: Newcastle Quadrangle, Wyoming and South Dakota

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, E S; Robinson, K; Geer, K A; Blattspieler, J G

1982-09-01

Uranium resources of the Newcastle 1/sup 0/x2/sup 0/ Quadrangle, Wyoming and South Dakota were evaluated to a depth of 1500 m (5000 ft) using available surface and subsurface geologic information. Many of the uranium occurrences reported in the literature and in reports of the US Atomic Energy Commission were located, sampled and described. Areas of anomalous radioactivity, interpreted from an aerial radiometric survey, were outlined. Areas favorable for uranium deposits in the subsurface were evaluated using gamma-ray logs. Based on surface and subsurface data, two areas have been delineated which are underlain by rocks deemed favorable as hosts for uranium deposits. One of these is underlain by rocks that contain fluvial arkosic facies in the Wasatch and Fort Union Formations of Tertiary age; the other is underlain by rocks containing fluvial quartzose sandstone facies of the Inyan Kara Group of Early Cretaceous age. Unfavorable environments characterize all rock units of Tertiary age above the Wasatch Formation, all rock units of Cretaceous age above the Inyan Kara Group, and most rock units of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age below the Inyan Kara Group. Unfavorable environments characterize all rock units of Cretaceous age above the Inyan Kara Group, and all rock units of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age below the Inyan Kara Group.

Russian attempts on constitutional issue of insurgent Serbia (1804-1813: Part two: Establishment of a Serbian government by Constantine Rodofinikin

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Šarkić Srđan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The second attempt at constitutional organization, called Osnovanije Praviteljstva Sebskago (Establishment of a Serbian Government, was made by Constantine Constantinovich Rodofinikin, a Russian representative of Greek origine, immediatly after his arrival in Serbia (August 2, 1807. It was signed by Karađorđe on August 20, 1807. According to this project, the supreme power in liberated Serbia was to be executed by the Praviteljstvujušči Senat, i.e. a governing senate, composed of three categories of members: military commanders (vojvode, former honorable members of the council (sovjet and elected representatives of the nahiyes (Turkish districts or counties. The first two categories were to be nobles with a lifelong membership in the senate, while the members of the third category were able to achieve nobility only if elected three times into the senate. Karađorđe was to preside over the senate, bearing the title of svetlejši knez, 'sublime prince,' who would have the right of three votes. Rodofinikin did not consider Karađorđe to be an appropriate person to collaborate with. As a leader of the Uprising, responsible for its military success, Karađorđe demanded urgent, concrete and conditionless Russian aid. On the other hand, Karađorđe wanted autonomous and apsolutic power. Rodofinikin in his Establishment of a Serbian Government, gave him only the presidency over the Senate and the right of three votes. According to this Act, Karađorđe's power was neither hereditary, nor for a lifetime. Karađorđe was not at all satisfied with Rodofinikin's document, but he agreed to the Act thinking that it was the necessary price for Russian support. The aim of Rodofinikin, as well as Paulucci, was to ensure Russian influence in Serbia. However, Paulucci wanted to place Russian officers in all of the governing and commanding positions, while Rodofinikin's desire was to create some kind of Serbian aristocracy, faithful to Russia. During his

Anthropogenic radioactivity in the Arctic Ocean. Review of the results from the joint German project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nies, H.; Harms, I.H.; Karcher, M.J.; Dethleff, D.; Bahe, C.

1999-01-01

The paper presents the results of the joint project carried out in Germany in order to assess the consequences in the marine environment from the dumping of nuclear wastes in the Kara and Barents Seas. The project consisted of experimental work on measurements of radionuclides in samples from the Arctic marine environment and numerical modelling of the potential pathways and dispersion of contaminants in the Arctic Ocean. Water and sediment samples were collected for determination of radionuclide such as 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu, 238Pu, and 241Am and various organic micropollutants. In addition, a few water and numerous surface sediment samples collected in the Kara Sea and from the Kola peninsula were taken by Russian colleagues and analysed for artificial radionuclides by the BSH laboratory. The role of transport by sea ice from the Kara Sea into the Arctic Ocean was assessed by a small subgroup at GEOMAR. This transport process might be considered as a rapid contribution due to entrainment of contaminated sediments into sea ice, following export from the Kara Sea into the transpolar ice drift and subsequent release in the Atlantic Ocean in the area of the East Greenland Current. Numerical modelling of dispersion of pollutants from the Kara and Barents Seas was carried out both on a local scale for the Barents and Kara Seas and for long range dispersion into the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Three-dimensional baroclinic circulation models were applied to trace the transport of pollutants. Experimental results were used to validate the model results such as the discharges from the nuclear reprocessing plant at Sellafield and subsequent contamination of the North Sea up the Arctic Seas

Anthropogenic radioactivity in the Arctic Ocean--review of the results from the joint German project.

Science.gov (United States)

Nies, H; Harms, I H; Karcher, M J; Dethleff, D; Bahe, C

1999-09-30

The paper presents the results of the joint project carried out in Germany in order to assess the consequences in the marine environment from the dumping of nuclear wastes in the Kara and Barents Seas. The project consisted of experimental work on measurements of radionuclides in samples from the Arctic marine environment and numerical modelling of the potential pathways and dispersion of contaminants in the Arctic Ocean. Water and sediment samples were collected for determination of radionuclide such as 137Cs, 90Sr, 239 + 240Pu, 238Pu, and 241Am and various organic micropollutants. In addition, a few water and numerous surface sediment samples collected in the Kara Sea and from the Kola peninsula were taken by Russian colleagues and analysed for artificial radionuclide by the BSH laboratory. The role of transport by sea ice from the Kara Sea into the Arctic Ocean was assessed by a small subgroup at GEOMAR. This transport process might be considered as a rapid contribution due to entrainment of contaminated sediments into sea ice, following export from the Kara Sea into the transpolar ice drift and subsequent release in the Atlantic Ocean in the area of the East Greenland Current. Numerical modelling of dispersion of pollutants from the Kara and Barents Seas was carried out both on a local scale for the Barents and Kara Seas and for long range dispersion into the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Three-dimensional baroclinic circulation models were applied to trace the transport of pollutants. Experimental results were used to validate the model results such as the discharges from the nuclear reprocessing plant at Sellafield and subsequent contamination of the North Sea up the Arctic Seas.

Sort på hvidt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bernhardt, Nana

2008-01-01

Kara Walker er bl.a. kendt for store installatoriske silhuetklip med fokus på køn, etnicitet, historieskrivning etc. Teksten giver en kort introduktion til hendes kunstneriske praksis.......Kara Walker er bl.a. kendt for store installatoriske silhuetklip med fokus på køn, etnicitet, historieskrivning etc. Teksten giver en kort introduktion til hendes kunstneriske praksis....

Drastic changes in the distribution of branched tetraether lipids in suspended matter and sediments from the Yenisei River and Kara Sea (Siberia): Implications for the use of brGDGT-based proxies in coastal marine sediments

Science.gov (United States)

De Jonge, Cindy; Stadnitskaia, Alina; Hopmans, Ellen C.; Cherkashov, Georgy; Fedotov, Andrey; Streletskaya, Irina D.; Vasiliev, Alexander A.; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S.

2015-09-01

The distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in soils has been shown to correlate with pH and mean annual air temperature. Because of this dependence brGDGTs have found an application as palaeoclimate proxies in coastal marine sediments, based on the assumption that their distribution is not altered during the transport from soils to marine systems by rivers. To study the processes acting on the brGDGT distributions, we analysed the full suite of brGDGTs, including the recently described 6-Me brGDGTs, in both the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Siberian Yenisei River and the SPM and sediments of its outflow in the Kara Sea. The brGDGT distribution in the SPM of the Yenisei River was fairly constant and characterized by high abundances of the 6-Me brGDGTs, reflecting their production at the neutral pH of the river water. However, the brGDGT distribution showed marked shifts in the marine system. Firstly, in the Yenisei River Mouth, the fractional abundance of the 6-Me brGDGTs decreases sharply. The brGDGT signature in the Yenisei River Mouth possibly reflects brGDGTs delivered during the spring floods that may carry a different distribution. Also, coastal cliffs were shown to contain brGDGTs and to influence especially those sites without major river inputs (e.g. Khalmyer Bay). Further removed from the river mouth, in-situ production of brGDGTs in the marine system influences the distribution. However, also the fractional abundance of the tetramethylated brGDGT Ia increases, resulting in a distribution that is distinct from in-situ produced signals at similar latitudes (Svalbard). We suggest that this shift may be caused by preferential degradation of labile (riverine in-situ produced) brGDGTs and the subsequent enrichment in less labile (soil) material. The offshore distribution indeed agrees with the brGDGT distribution encountered in a lowland peat. This implies that the offshore Kara Sea sediments possibly carry a soil

Geomigration model of uranium transfer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasil'ev, I.A.; Ovchinnikov, N.A.; Chernov, V.V.; Shestakov, A.A.

2007-01-01

Data on geologic structure and radiation environment in the vicinity of the tailings storage facility (TSF) of Kara-Balta uranium hydrometallurgical factory in Kyrgyzstan were used to design a mathematical model of physical processes of wind erosion from the surface of TSF. Numerical calculations have been performed to describe prevalence of contamination due to wind erosion in the environs of Kara-Balta [ru

Initiative Villes ciblées : gestion des déchets urbains à Cochabamba ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La ville de Cochabamba produit chaque jour 400 tonnes de déchets solides qui sont transportées au dépotoir de K'ara K'ara, situé à 10 km de la ville. Les services de gestion des déchets solides de Cochabamba sont inefficaces; les conditions d'exploitation du dépotoir entraînent une contamination de l'eau souterraine, ...

"My Favourite Day Is Sunday": Community Perceptions of (Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Ambulatory Tuberculosis Care in Kara Suu District, Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doris Burtscher

Full Text Available Kyrgyzstan is one of the 27 high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB burden countries listed by the WHO. In 2012, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF started a drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB project in Kara Suu District. A qualitative study was undertaken to understand the perception of TB and DR-TB in order to improve the effectiveness and acceptance of the MSF intervention and to support advocacy strategies for an ambulatory model of care.This paper reports findings from 63 interviews with patients, caregivers, health care providers and members of communities. Data was analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Validation was ensured by triangulation and a 'thick' description of the research context, and by presenting deviant cases.Findings show that the general population interprets TB as the 'lungs having a cold' or as a 'family disease' rather than as an infectious illness. From their perspective, individuals facing poor living conditions are more likely to get TB than wealthier people. Vulnerable groups such as drug and alcohol users, homeless persons, ethnic minorities and young women face barriers in accessing health care. As also reported in other publications, TB is highly stigmatised and possible side effects of the long treatment course are seen as unbearable; therefore, people only turn to public health care quite late. Most patients prefer ambulatory treatment because of the much needed emotional support from their social environment, which positively impacts treatment concordance. Health care providers favour inpatient treatment only for a better monitoring of side effects. Health staff increasingly acknowledges the central role they play in supporting DR-TB patients, and the importance of assuming a more empathic attitude.Health promotion activities should aim at improving knowledge on TB and DR-TB, reducing stigma, and fostering the inclusion of vulnerable populations. Health seeking delays and adherence problems will

Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment detailed geochemical survey for Edgemont, South Dakota; Wyoming

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butz, T.R.; Dean, N.E.; Bard, C.S.; Helgerson, R.N.; Grimes, J.G.; Pritz, P.M.

1980-05-31

Results of the Edgemont detailed geochemical survey are reported. Field and laboratory data are presented for 109 groundwater and 419 stream sediment samples. Statistical and areal distributions of uranium and possible uranium-related variables are given. A generalized geologic map of the survey area is provided, and pertinent geologic factors which may be of significance in evaluating the potential for uranium mineralization are briefly discussed. Groundwaters containing greater than or equal to 7.35 ppB uranium are present in scattered clusters throughout the area sampled. Most of these groundwaters are from wells drilled where the Inyan Kara Group is exposed at the surface. The exceptions are a group of samples in the northwestern part of the area sampled and south of the Dewey Terrace. These groundwaters are also produced from the Inyan Kara Group where it is overlain by the Graneros Group and alluvium. The high uranium groundwaters along and to the south of the terrace are characterized by high molybdenum, uranium/specific conductance, and uranium/sulfate values. Many of the groundwaters sampled along the outcrop of the Inyan Kara Group are near uranium mines. Groundwaters have high amounts of uranium and molybdenum. Samples taken downdip are sulfide waters with low values of uranium and high values of arsenic, molybdenum, selenium, and vanadium. Stream sediments containing greater than or equal to 5.50 ppM soluble uranium are concentrated in basins draining the Graneros and Inyan Kara Groups. These values are associated with high values for arsenic, selenium, and vanadium in samples from both groups. Anomalous values for these elements in the Graneros Group may be caused by bentonite beds contained in the rock units. As shown on the geochemical distribution plot, high uranium values that are located in the Inyan Kara Group are almost exclusively draining open-pit uranium mines.

Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment detailed geochemical survey for Edgemont, South Dakota; Wyoming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butz, T.R.; Dean, N.E.; Bard, C.S.; Helgerson, R.N.; Grimes, J.G.; Pritz, P.M.

1980-01-01

Results of the Edgemont detailed geochemical survey are reported. Field and laboratory data are presented for 109 groundwater and 419 stream sediment samples. Statistical and areal distributions of uranium and possible uranium-related variables are given. A generalized geologic map of the survey area is provided, and pertinent geologic factors which may be of significance in evaluating the potential for uranium mineralization are briefly discussed. Groundwaters containing greater than or equal to 7.35 ppB uranium are present in scattered clusters throughout the area sampled. Most of these groundwaters are from wells drilled where the Inyan Kara Group is exposed at the surface. The exceptions are a group of samples in the northwestern part of the area sampled and south of the Dewey Terrace. These groundwaters are also produced from the Inyan Kara Group where it is overlain by the Graneros Group and alluvium. The high uranium groundwaters along and to the south of the terrace are characterized by high molybdenum, uranium/specific conductance, and uranium/sulfate values. Many of the groundwaters sampled along the outcrop of the Inyan Kara Group are near uranium mines. Groundwaters have high amounts of uranium and molybdenum. Samples taken downdip are sulfide waters with low values of uranium and high values of arsenic, molybdenum, selenium, and vanadium. Stream sediments containing greater than or equal to 5.50 ppM soluble uranium are concentrated in basins draining the Graneros and Inyan Kara Groups. These values are associated with high values for arsenic, selenium, and vanadium in samples from both groups. Anomalous values for these elements in the Graneros Group may be caused by bentonite beds contained in the rock units. As shown on the geochemical distribution plot, high uranium values that are located in the Inyan Kara Group are almost exclusively draining open-pit uranium mines

Study of migration behavior of technogenic radionuclides in the Yenisey River-Kara Sea aquatic system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuznetsov, Yu.; Legin, E.; Legin, V. [Khlopin Radium Institute, St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Shishlov, A.; Savitskii, Yu. [Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine, Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation); Novikov, A.; Goryachenkova, T. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2001-03-01

migrates as soluble species weakly sorbed by the solid phase, causing the observed low content of Sr-90 in flood-land deposits and bottom sediments of the Yenisey River. The indicated migration behavior of radionuclides is characteristic of the Yenisey Gulf and the adjacent part of the Kara Sea also. We made similar conclusions when studying the migration behavior of Cs-137, Pu-239,240, and Sr-90 in the Kiev reservoir (1987). The formation of radioactive flood-land deposits is provided by rapid deposition of suspended material in stagnant zones during periodical flood. Humus compounds contribute significantly to accumulation of radionuclides in the flood-land deposits and bottom sediments, which is supported by the observed correlation between the radionuclide (Pu, Am, Eu) and total organic carbon distributions in them. Radiochemical analysis of separate fractions showed that about 20% of Pu and Am are associated with the organic fraction: Pu is nearly equally distributed between humic and fulvic acid fractions, whereas Am is preferentially associated with the fulvic acid fraction (the most mobile fraction of humus matter). It was demonstrated in model experiments that the calcium-hydrocarbonate type of water of the Yenisey River causes suppression of formation of mobile fulvate complexes of hydrolyzable radionuclides and, therefore, their transfer into the aqueous phase. In combination with the observed very high distribution coefficients of the radionuclides and low content of their mobile geochemical forms in flood-land deposits of the Yenisey River this suggest that they cannot contribute somewhat significantly to the secondary radioactive contamination of the river water by all mechanisms except migration by mechanical transfer. (author)

Study of migration behavior of technogenic radionuclides in the Yenisey River-Kara Sea aquatic system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, Yu.; Legin, E.; Legin, V.; Shishlov, A.; Savitskii, Yu.; Novikov, A.; Goryachenkova, T.

2001-01-01

migrates as soluble species weakly sorbed by the solid phase, causing the observed low content of Sr-90 in flood-land deposits and bottom sediments of the Yenisey River. The indicated migration behavior of radionuclides is characteristic of the Yenisey Gulf and the adjacent part of the Kara Sea also. We made similar conclusions when studying the migration behavior of Cs-137, Pu-239,240, and Sr-90 in the Kiev reservoir (1987). The formation of radioactive flood-land deposits is provided by rapid deposition of suspended material in stagnant zones during periodical flood. Humus compounds contribute significantly to accumulation of radionuclides in the flood-land deposits and bottom sediments, which is supported by the observed correlation between the radionuclide (Pu, Am, Eu) and total organic carbon distributions in them. Radiochemical analysis of separate fractions showed that about 20% of Pu and Am are associated with the organic fraction: Pu is nearly equally distributed between humic and fulvic acid fractions, whereas Am is preferentially associated with the fulvic acid fraction (the most mobile fraction of humus matter). It was demonstrated in model experiments that the calcium-hydrocarbonate type of water of the Yenisey River causes suppression of formation of mobile fulvate complexes of hydrolyzable radionuclides and, therefore, their transfer into the aqueous phase. In combination with the observed very high distribution coefficients of the radionuclides and low content of their mobile geochemical forms in flood-land deposits of the Yenisey River this suggest that they cannot contribute somewhat significantly to the secondary radioactive contamination of the river water by all mechanisms except migration by mechanical transfer. (author)

Ribonuclease activity of buckwheat plant (Fagopyrum esculentum cultivars with different sensitivities to buckwheat burn virus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. R. Sindarovska

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Ribonucleases (RNases are present in base-level amounts in intact plants, but this level is able to increase greatly under stress conditions. The possible cause for such an increase is protection against plant RNA-virus attack. Buckwheat burn virus (BBV is a highly virulent pathogen that belongs to Rhabdoviridae family. In our study, we have analyzed the correlation between RNase activity and resistance of different buckwheat cultivars to BBV infection. Two cultivars, Kara-Dag and Roksolana, with different sensitivities to BBV have been used. Kara-Dag is a cultivar with medium sensitivity to virus and Roksolana is a tolerant cultivar. It has been shown that the base level of RNase activity in Roksolana cultivar was in most cases higher than the corresponding parameter in Kara-Dag cultivar. Both infected and uninfected plants of Roksolana cultivar demonstrated high RNase activity during two weeks. Whereas infected plants of Kara-Dag cultivar demonstrated unstable levels of RNase activity. Significant decline in RNase activity was detected on the 7th day post infection with subsequent gradual increase in RNase activity. Decline of the RNase activity during the first week could promote the virus replication and therefore more successful infection of upper leaves of plants. Unstable levels of RNase activity in infected buckwheat plants may be explained by insufficiency of virus-resistant mechanisms that determines the medium sensitivity of the cultivar to BBV. Thus, plants of buckwheat cultivar having less sensitivity to virus, displayed in general higher RNase activity.

Red:far-red light conditions affect the emission of volatile organic compounds from barley (Hordeum vulgare), leading to altered biomass allocation in neighbouring plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Kegge, Wouter; Ninkovic, Velemir; Glinwood, Robert; Welschen, Rob A M; Voesenek, Laurentius A C J; Pierik, Ronald

2015-05-01

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play various roles in plant-plant interactions, and constitutively produced VOCs might act as a cue to sense neighbouring plants. Previous studies have shown that VOCs emitted from the barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar 'Alva' cause changes in biomass allocation in plants of the cultivar 'Kara'. Other studies have shown that shading and the low red:far-red (R:FR) conditions that prevail at high plant densities can reduce the quantity and alter the composition of the VOCs emitted by Arabidopsis thaliana, but whether this affects plant-plant signalling remains unknown. This study therefore examines the effects of far-red light enrichment on VOC emissions and plant-plant signalling between 'Alva' and 'Kara'. The proximity of neighbouring plants was mimicked by supplemental far-red light treatment of VOC emitter plants of barley grown in growth chambers. Volatiles emitted by 'Alva' under control and far-red light-enriched conditions were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 'Kara' plants were exposed to the VOC blend emitted by the 'Alva' plants that were subjected to either of the light treatments. Dry matter partitioning, leaf area, stem and total root length were determined for 'Kara' plants exposed to 'Alva' VOCs, and also for 'Alva' plants exposed to either control or far-red-enriched light treatments. Total VOC emissions by 'Alva' were reduced under low R:FR conditions compared with control light conditions, although individual volatile compounds were found to be either suppressed, induced or not affected by R:FR. The altered composition of the VOC blend emitted by 'Alva' plants exposed to low R:FR was found to affect carbon allocation in receiver plants of 'Kara'. The results indicate that changes in R:FR light conditions influence the emissions of VOCs in barley, and that these altered emissions affect VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on

Geochemical interpretation of distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in components of geologic environment of Pechora, Barents and Kara seas.

Science.gov (United States)

Kursheva, Anna; Petrova, Vera; Litvinenko, Ivan; Morgunova, Inna

2017-04-01

Information about the hydrocarbons content (including aromatic ones) in components of geologic environment allows to define common factors in distribution and correlation both nature and technogenic component, and also to reveal the sources of contamination. At that, it should be noted, that hydrocarbons are widely spread in lithosphere and create steady geochemical background, variations are caused here by specifics of initial organic matter, conditions of its accumulation and transformation. The basis of the study are the samples of sea water and deep sea sediments (more than 600 stations), collected in western sector of Arctic region (Pechora, Barents and Kara seas) during the scientific-research expeditions of FSBI "VNIIOkeangeologia" for the period 2000-2010. Total content of aromatic hydrocarbons was defined by spectrofluorometric method using analyzer «FLUORAT-Panorama-02». Certification of data was performed on representative samples based on contents and molecule structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC-MS (Agilent 5973/6850 GC-MS System). Results of spectrofluorometric analysis of lipid fraction of organic matter of bottom sediments allowed to define specific parameters, which characterize various lithofacies groups of sediments. Thus, sandy residues are characterized by low level of aromatic hydrocarbons (ca. 4.3 μg/g) with prevalence of bi- and tri-aromatic compounds (λmax 270-310 nm). This correlates with low sorption capacity of coarse-grained sediments and absence of organic-mineral component, containing the breakdown products of initial organic matter. Tetra- and penta- aromatic structures prevail in clay sediments (ca. 13.0 μg/g), which are typical components of lipid fraction of organic matter of post sedimentation and early diagenetic stages of transformation. At that, changes of spectral characteristic of sediments in stratigraphic sequence completely reflect processes of diagenetic transformation of organic matter, including

Relative Role of Horizontal and Vertical Processes in Arctic Amplification

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, K. Y.

2017-12-01

The physical mechanism of Arctic amplification is still controversial. Specifically, relative role of vertical processes resulting from the reduction of sea ice in the Barents-Kara Seas is not clearly understood in comparison with the horizontal advection of heat and moisture. Using daily data, heat and moisture budgets are analyzed during winter (Dec. 1-Feb. 28) over the region of sea ice reduction in order to delineate the relative roles of horizontal and vertical processes. Detailed heat and moisture budgets in the atmospheric column indicate that the vertical processes, release of turbulent heat fluxes and evaporation, are a major contributor to the increased temperature and specific humidity over the Barents-Kara Seas. In addition, greenhouse effect caused by the increased specific humidity, also plays an important role in Arctic amplification. Horizontal processes such as advection of heat and moisture are the primary source of variability (fluctuations) in temperature and specific humidity in the atmospheric column. Advection of heat and moisture, on the other hand, is little responsible for the net increase in temperature and specific humidity over the Barents-Kara Seas.

Formation of porous carbon materials from phenol-formaldehyde resin and their adsorption characteristics; Fenoru/horumu arudehido jushi kara erareta takosei tanso zairyo no kogeki kozo to sono kyuchaku tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oda, H.; Tojo, R.; Nomura, A. [Kansai Univ., Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-05-15

In this study, preparation of porous adsorbent with developed micro-pores and meso pores and open pores on the external surface is tried. Namely, PFR-sawdust activated carbon is produced by carbonizing the PFR-sawdust composite materials obtained by adding KOH-immersed wood powders in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde resin(PFR). Additionally, as a comparative test, KOH is added directly into PFR and PFR-KOH activated carbon is prepared by carbonization. Simultaneously with the clarification of the difference of pore structure between said two kinds of activated carbons, a various kinds of adsorbing tests are carried out to evaluate the adsorbing effects thereof. PFR-KOH activated carbon having a high specific surface area of 3500 m{sup 2}/g and a large number of micro-pore and meso pores is extremely effective in absorption of gas phase while the yield and particle strength are low. PFR-sawdust has a specific surface area of 1500 m{sup 2}/g which is the same level of activated carbons on the market, but the yield thereof is twice as that of PFR-KOH. 9 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Cultural Memory on "Great" People in a "Small" Town: The Perception of King Alexander Karađorđević and Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the Cultural Memory of Samobor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danijel Vojak

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Starting from the thesis that ''history is written by the winners”, ''mainstream'' history can be under¬stood as the revised and politically instrumentalized means of a certain nation's ''cultural'' memory, which some consider to be a ''history of selective memo¬ri¬zation and selective forgetfulness''. Most approaches in con¬temporary Croatian historiography which are focu¬sed on the historical periods of monarchist and socialist Yugoslavia use national-level themes as their starting point. A similar preoccupation is also present in those historiographical approaches which are focused on the problems of analyzing and understanding how collective memories are constructed. However, our aim here is to move from the ''big'' themes to a ''small'' (local setting. In this context, Samobor, a small Croatian urban centre, is going to serve us as the basis for analyzing in which way two Yugoslav rulers – King Alexander Karađorđević and Marshal Josip Broz Tito – were perceived on the local level. By analyzing the relevant archival sources as well as contemporary periodicals, we seek to un¬der¬stand the ways in which local authorities and elites, from their position of social power and status, received the mentioned rulers during their visits, and in which ways did they honour and commemorate these high-profile guests. Through this analysis, we hope to gain a better understanding of the process of the creation of local social memory, the constitution of memorial and cul¬tural patterns, and their key cultural elements and me¬anings, which are often torn apart during periods of social and political upheaval, only to be reconstituted by recombining the same key cultural and social elements while simultaneously encompassing new actors. In other words, the focus of our analysis will be on tracing the collective memory of the population of Samobor to¬wards two ''great leaders''. Starting from the thesis that ''history is written by the winners�

Trends in aerosol optical depth in the Russian Arctic and their links with synoptic climatology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahgedanova, Maria; Lamakin, Mikhail

2005-01-01

Temporal and spatial variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are examined using observations of direct solar radiation in the Eurasian Arctic for 1940-1990. AOD is estimated using empirical methods for 14 stations located between 66.2 deg N and 80.6 deg N, from the Kara Sea to the Chukchi Sea. While AOD exhibits a well-known springtime maximum and summertime minimum at all stations, atmospheric turbidity is higher in spring in the western (Kara-Laptev) part of the Eurasian Arctic. Between June and August, the eastern (East Siberian-Chukchi) sector experiences higher transparency than the western part. A statistically significant positive trend in AOD was observed in the Kara-Laptev sector between the late 1950s and the early 1980s predominantly in spring when pollution-derived aerosol dominates the Arctic atmosphere but not in the eastern sector. Although all stations are remote, those with positive trends are located closer to the anthropogenic sources of air pollution. By contrast, a widespread decline in AOD was observed between 1982 and 1990 in the eastern Arctic in spring but was limited to two sites in the western Arctic. These results suggest that the post-1982 decline in anthropogenic emissions in Europe and the former Soviet Union has had a limited effect on aerosol load in the Arctic. The post-1982 negative trends in AOD in summer, when marine aerosol is present in the atmosphere, were more common in the west. The relationships between AOD and atmospheric circulation are examined using a synoptic climatology approach. In spring, AOD depends primarily on the strength and direction of air flow. Thus strong westerly and northerly flows result in low AOD values in the East Siberian-Chukchi sector. By contrast, strong southerly flow associated with the passage of depressions results in high AOD in the Kara-Laptev sector and trajectory analysis points to the contribution of industrial regions of the sub-Arctic. In summer, low pressure gradient or

Transport of contaminants by Arctic sea ice and surface ocean currents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pfirman, S.

1995-01-01

Sea ice and ocean currents transport contaminants in the Arctic from source areas on the shelves, to biologically active regions often more than a thousand kilometers away. Coastal regions along the Siberian margin are polluted by discharges of agricultural, industrial and military wastes in river runoff, from atmospheric deposition and ocean dumping. The Kara Sea is of particular concern because of deliberate dumping of radioactive waste, as well as the large input of polluted river water. Contaminants are incorporated in ice during suspension freezing on the shelves, and by atmospheric deposition during drift. Ice releases its contaminant load through brine drainage, surface runoff of snow and meltwater, and when the floe disintegrates. The marginal ice zone, a region of intense biological activity, may also be the site of major contaminant release. Potentially contaminated ice from the Kara Sea is likely to influence the marginal ice zones of the Barents and Greenland seas. From studies conducted to date it appears that sea ice from the Kara Sea does not typically enter the Beaufort Gyre, and thus is unlikely to affect the northern Canadian and Alaskan margins

Joint Russian-Norwegian expedition to the dumping sites for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in the Stepovogo fjord of the Kara sea, August - September 2012: investigations performed and main results

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikitin, Aleksandr; Shershakov, Viacheslav; Valetova, Nailja; Petrenko, Galina; Katrich, Ivan; Fedorova, Anastasia [Research and Production Association ' Typhoon' , 249038, Obninsk, Kaluga Region (Russian Federation); Kazennov, Alexey [National Research Centre ' Kurchatov Institute' , Moscow (Russian Federation); Lind, Bjorn; Gwynn, Justin; Rudjord, Anne Liv [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oesteraas (Norway); Heldal, Hilde Elise [Institute of Marine Research, Bergen (Norway); Blinova, Oxana; Osvath, Iolanda; Levy, Isabelle; Bartocci, Jean; Khanh Pham, Mai; Sam, Adam; Nies, Hartmut [IAEA-MEL (Monaco); Grishin, Denis [Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Salbu, Brit; Ole- Christian, Lind; Teien, Hans-Cristian [Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas (Norway); Sidhu, Rajdeep Singh; Straalberg, Elisabeth [Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller (Norway); Logoyda, Igor [State Scientific Centre ' Yuzhmorgeologiya' , Gelendzhik (Russian Federation)

2014-07-01

Stepovogo fjord, located on the Eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya, is one of the most important former Soviet Union dumping sites for radioactive waste in the Kara Sea. In addition to some 2000 dumped containers with conventional radioactive wastes, the nuclear submarine K-27 was dumped in Stepovogo fjord with two reactors loaded with spent nuclear fuel (SNF).Joint Russian and Norwegian surveys of the marine environment in Stepovogo fjord were first conducted in 1993 and 1994. In accordance with the working plan of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Expert Group on the Investigation of Radioactive Contamination in the Northern Areas, a follow up expedition into the radioecological status of Stepovogo fjord was carried out in August and September of 2012 onboard the R.V. 'Ivan Petrov' of the Roshydromet Northern Department. Investigations carried out in Stepovogo fjord during the expedition included: Sonar surveys, ROV inspections and in situ gamma measurements of the dumped nuclear submarine K-27 and dumped containers with radioactive waste Sampling of seawater, bottom sediments and marine biota. Results of the analysis of marine environmental samples performed by Russia, Norway and the IAEA, are presented and discussed in the paper. Preliminary measurements on surface sediments and water samples showed that the level of {sup 137}Cs contamination was generally low. However, slightly enhanced levels of {sup 137}Cs were detected in bottom seawater and sediment collected in the area with dumped containers. Measurements taken around the dumped nuclear submarine K-27 did not indicate any leakage of radioactive substances from the submarine. A similar picture for the level of radioactive contamination in Stepovogo fjord was observed in the first joint Russian-Norwegian expedition in 1993-94. (authors)

Geographical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Norwegian and Russian Arctic

Science.gov (United States)

Lie, E.; Bernhoft, A.; Riget, F.; Belikov, Stanislav; Boltunov, Andrei N.; Derocher, A.E.; Garner, G.W.; Wiig, O.; Skaare, J.U.

2003-01-01

Geographical variation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was studied in blood samples from 90 adult female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Kara Sea, East-Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea. In all regions, oxychlordane was the dominant OCP. Regional differences in mean levels of HCB, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, ??-HCH, ??-HCH and p,p???-DDE were found. The highest levels of oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor and DDE were found in polar bears from Franz Josef Land and Kara Sea. HCB level was lowest in polar bears from Svalbard. Polar bears from Chukchi Sea had the highest level of ??- and ??-HCH. The lowest ??-HCH concentration was found in bears from Kara Sea. In all the bears, ???HCHs was dominated by ??-HCH. The geographical variation in OCP levels and pattern may suggest regional differences in pollution sources and different feeding habits in the different regions. Polar bears from the Western Russian Arctic were exposed to higher levels of chlordanes and p,p???-DDE than polar bears from locations westwards and eastwards from this region. This may imply the presence of a significant pollution source in the Russian Arctic area. The study suggests that the western Russian Arctic is the most contaminated region of the Arctic and warrants further research. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Flow cytometry approach for studying the interaction between ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Flow cytometry approach for studying the interaction between Bacillus mojavensis and Alternaria alternata. Asma Milet, Noreddine Kacem Chaouche, Laid Dehimat, Asma Ait Kaki, Mounira Kara Ali, Philippe Thonart ...

Propagation of Aquilaria malaccensis seedlings through tissue culture techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salahbiah Abdul Majid; Zaiton Ahmad; Mohd Rafaie Abdul Salam; Nurhayati Irwan; Affrida Abu Hassan; Rusli Ibrahim

2010-01-01

Aquilaria malaccensis or karas is the principal source of gaharu resin, which is used in many cultures for incense, perfumes and traditional medicines. The species is mainly propagated conventionally through seeds, cuttings and graftings. Propagation by seeds is usually a reliable method for other forest species, but for karas, this technique is inadequate to meet the current demand of seedling supplies. This is principally due to its low seed viability, low germination rate, delayed rooting of seedlings, long life-cycle and rare seed production. Tissue culture has several advantages over conventional propagation, especially for obtaining large number of uniform and high-yielding plantlets or clones. This paper presents the current progress on mass-propagation of Aquilaria malaccensis seedlings through tissue culture technique at Nuclear Malaysia. (author)

Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea and others from 2011-06-17 to 2012-01-04 (NCEI Accession 0157242)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NCEI Accession 0157242 includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from POLARSTERN in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Kara Sea,...

Dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using Alkalinity titrator, CTD and other instruments from JAKOV SMIRNITSKIY in the Beaufort Sea, East Siberian Sea and others from 2008-08-15 to 2008-09-16 (NODC Accession 0108368)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NCEI Accession 0108368 includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from JAKOV SMIRNITSKIY in the Beaufort Sea, East Siberian Sea, Kara...

Temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients bottle and CTD data collected in the northern North Atlantic, Nordic and Arctic Seas from 1901 to 2011 (NODC Accession 0105532)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Historical temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients bottle and CTD data collected in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, Kara Sea, North Atlantic Ocean,...

Turbidity, SOLAR RADIATION - ATMOSPHERIC and other data from unknown platforms from 1948-01-01 to 1948-12-31 (NODC Accession 9800009)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Temperature, salinity, alkalinity, and oxygen profiles were collected in the Kara Sea (Russia) from the Deznev and other platforms from 01 January 1945 to 31...

Temperature profile data from EBT casts in the Indian Ocean from 13 February 1986 to 01 January 1989 (NODC Accession 0000210)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Temperature profile data were collected using EBT casts in the Indian Ocean from the MYS OSTROVSKOGO, IGNAT PAVLYUCHENKOV, ZVEZDA AZOVA, and KARA-DAG from February...

Caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et pronostiques de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et pronostiques de la mortinaissance par cesarienne : etude de 97 cas colliges de Janvier 2008 a Decembre 2012 au chu Kara. Epidemiological, clinical and pronostical characteristics of stillbirth by cesarean se.

Christopher Nolan’ın ‘Batman Üçlemesi’ Üzerine İdeolojik Bir İnceleme

OpenAIRE

BÖLÜKBAŞI, Mustafa

2013-01-01

Bu makalede bir süperkahraman anlatısı olarak Batman’in nasıl bir ideolojik anlamı olduğu sorgulanmaktadır. Bu amaçlaChristopher Nolan’ın çekmiş olduğu Batman Başlıyor (2005), Kara Şövalye (2008) ve Kara Şövalye Yükseliyor (2012) filmleri,altında yatan ideolojiyi ortaya serecek bir içerik analizine tabi tutulmaktadır. Bu incelemede, “kötülük” ile mücadeleetmek için neden bir Batman yaratıldığı, bunun nasıl bir amacının olabileceği, Batman’e kimin ihtiyaç duyduğu, kısacasıNolan’ın Batman üçlem...

Structures of bats; Komori no kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natori, M. [Institute of the Space and Astronautical Science,Tokyo (Japan); Kishimoto, N. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-12-05

This paper gives an outline of the structures of bats. Unlike birds, bats have a wing membrane structure. The membrane constituted of the skin is spread between five fingers to form the wing. The wing membrane is seen in the forelimbs and the tail. In the chest and the shoulder, the ligament sheet supports the muscles. The wing membrane is about 0.5mm in thickness, with a fiber net woven through reflecting a tension field in flying. The fiber net is composed of compound materials of elastin and collagen. The shoulder joints consists of the clavicle, scapula and humerus, which is close to human beings. The elbow joints rotate only inside the plane of the wings. The leg joints are hook-shaped, with the tendon sheath provided with ruggedness. The carpus is made up of eight bones and is characterized by the ability of spreading and storing the wings. At the time of storing the wing membrane, the finger joints are stored and, during the flight after the wings are spread, it forms the flapping wing plane. Lightweight and formation of the sturdy front edge are characteristics common to other flying creatures. The spreading and the storing are possible through the direct motion of the hands. The shoulder joints and the carpus of the human beings are closer to those of bats than to those of birds. (NEDO)

Japānas un Amerikas Savienoto Valstu kauja par Okinavu 1945. gada: 1.aprīlis – 22. jūnijs

OpenAIRE

Leimanis, Normunds

2017-01-01

Bakalaura darba tēmas nosaukums ir „Japānas un Amerikas Savienoto Valstu kauja par Okinavu 1945. gada: 1. aprīlis – 22. jūnijs ”. Tā ir viena no lielākajām un asiņainākajām kaujām, kura notika Otrā Pasaules kara laika beigās. Tā bija viena no pēdējām kaujām Otrā Pasaules kara laikā. Kaujā par Okinavu piedalijās amerikāņu un japāņu karaspēki, kas cīnījās par savu valsti un tās godu. Galvenie Okinavas kaujas dalībnieki bija japāņu 32. armija un amerikāņu 10.armija. Galvenais atbildīgais par ...

Modeling the Dispersion of Radioactive Contaminants in the Arctic Using a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Preller, Ruth

1995-01-01

... of dumping and the amounts and types of radioactive materials that have been dumped. The report states that low level liquid waste was dumped into the Kara and Barents Seas with lesser amounts dumped into the White Sea and the Baltic...

Vsja Koroljovskaja rat / Valeria Gorelova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gorelova, Valeria

2007-01-01

Filmid, mis kõnelevad nõukogude teadlastest Sergei Koroljovist, Andrei Bashkirtsevist ja Konstantin Tsiolkovskist ning esimesest kosmonaudist, Juri Gagarinist : Daniil Hrabrovitski "Tule taltsutamine" (1972), Boris Grigorjevi "Nii algas legend" (1976), Savva Kulishi "Lendutõus" (1979) ja Juri Kara "Korolev" (2006)

REBIRTH OF AN OLD HISTORY: INTERTEXUAL ANALYSIS OF THEME AND IMAGERY IN BLACK BOOK IN FIRST CONTEXT ESKİ BİR HİKÂYENİN YENİDEN DOĞUŞU: KARA KİTAP’TAKİ İZLEK VE İMGELEMİN METİNLERARASILIK BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ülkü ELİUZ

2012-01-01

reaching divine love from human love Modern Türk edebiyatı metinlerinde, “eski”nin zamansal ve mekânsal sınırlamaları aşılarak kültürel bellek mekânları metinsel arketip niteliğinde kullanılır. Geleneğin aşılacak değil, kaynak olarak kullanılacak bir birikim şeklinde algılanması gerektiğinin göstergesi olan bu metinlerde özellikle içerik ödünçlemesi yapılarak Doğu ve Batı edebiyatlarının evrensel izlekleri metinlerarası yöntemlerle yeniden yazılır. Hafızanın ayak seslerinin tüm anlatı boyunca varlığını sürdürdüğü Orhan Pamuk‟un Kara Kitap adlı romanı da gelenek-modernizm buluşmasında varlık bulan postmodern bir yeni‟den yazma/ yeni‟den yaratma çabasının sonucudur. Eserde eski imgeler (Hüsn ü Aşk, Mantıku‟t- Tayr, Mevlana-Şems aşkı ile yeni metin arasında bir sürerlilik ve bütünlük oluştuğu görülür. Kara Kitap‟ın arka planında Şeyh Galip‟in Hüsn ü Aşk, Attar‟ın Mantıku‟t-Tayr adlı mesnevileri ve Mevlana-Şems imgeleri ile aktarılan kendi-öteki bütünleşmeleri yer alır. Üç metin de metaforik bir arayış yolculuğunun hikâyesini yansıtırlar. Tasavvufi düşünceye göre “arayış” kendi varoluş hakikatine (insan-ı kâmil ulaşmak isteyen insanın içsel yolculuğu (seyr ü sülûk dur. Söz konusu arayışı motive eden güç ise “aşk”tır. Bu bağlamda üst anlatı (tasavvuf ile gönderge metinler (Hüsn ü Aşk; Mantıku‟t-Tayr; Mevlana-Şems aşkı ve ana metnin (Kara Kitap, sabit ve değişmez bir doğası olmayan bireye ait hiç bitmeyen değerleri aktaran yaratım deneyimleridir.Bu çalışma, geçmişin, „şimdi‟nin, belleğin ve bireysel özdeşliğin devamlılığına olanak tanıyan bu metinlerin gelenek-içi parametrelerin kuramsal ve yöntemsel kullanımları bağlamında metinlerarası incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Bireye ve topluma ait değerler dizgesinin irdelendiği; söylemsel izlekler ve tinsel bağıntıda bulu

Joint stiffness identification of body structure using neural network. Jointed part composed of 2 beams; Neural network ni yoru shatai kozo no ketsugo gosei dotei. Buzai 2 hon kara naru ketsugobu no baai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okabe, A; Tomioka, N [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The method to obtain a joint stiffness value from displacements of jointed part using hierarchical neural networks in case of a jointed part composed of two beams were proposed. First, the sample data of displacements of jointed part vs. joint stiffness are prepared as learned data. Second, the relations between displacements of jointed part and joint stiffness are constructed from these learned data using a hierarchical neural networks. It was found that the value of joint stiffness can be obtained from displacement of jointed part by the trained neural network. 4 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

The Vitality of Kabiye in Togo Zur Überlebensfähigkeit des Kabiye in Togo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Komlan Essowe Essizewa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye “est une langue en péril” (Aritiba 1993: 11. These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers’ reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community. Seit einigen Jahrzehnten leben Kabiye-sprachige Migranten in Togo in Kontakt mit der Ewe-sprachigen Bevölkerung. Im Ergebnis dieses Sprachkontakts sind viele Angehörige der Kabiye-Sprachgemeinde bilingual und kombinieren Kabiye und Ewe. Kabiye wird inzwischen vielfach als sterbende Sprache angesehen. Diese Einschätzungen beruhen aber vor allem auf der Beobachtung von Kabiye-Sprachigen in Lomé und anderen großen Städten, wo die jungen Leute nach und nach ihre Muttersprache zugunsten von Ewe aufgeben. Dennoch ist über das Ausmaß des Verschwindens von Kabiye wenig bekannt, denn bislang gibt es keine extensive Studie unter Kabiye-Sprachigen in diesen Gebieten, insbesondere aber auch keine für Regionen, in denen Kabiye die wichtigste Sprache darstellt. Die vorliegende Studie, die in Kara, der wichtigsten Kabiye-sprachigen Stadt, und in Awidina, einem Kabiye-Dorf in der Präfektur Kara, durchgeführt wurde, will diese Lücke schließen. Der Autor

Rezhissjor Vladimir Bortko : slozhnjeje "Mastera i Margaritõ" ne bõlo nitshego / Vladimir Bortko ; interv. Dmitri Bõkov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Bortko, Vladimir

2006-01-01

Režissöör oma teleseriaalist "Meister ja Margarita" M. Bulgakovi romaani järgi. Lisatud Juri Kara sama romaani ekraanile siiani pääsemata variandis osalenud näitlejate Nikolai Burljajevi, Valentin Gafti ja Viktor Pavlovi arvamusi uuest seriaalist

75 FR 63443 - Marine Protected Areas Federal Advisory Committee; Public Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-15

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Areas... CONTACT: Kara Schwenke, Designated Federal Officer, MPA FAC, National Marine Protected Areas Center, 1305.... ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of a meeting of the Marine Protected...

Pelevini ja Bulgakovi mängib üle Tšernobõl / Jaanus Piirsalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Piirsalu, Jaanus, 1973-

2011-01-01

Venemaal ekraanile jõudnud Viktor Ginzburgi filmist "Generation "P"" ja Juri Kara filmist "Meister ja Margarita" (1994). Tšernobõli tuumajaama katastroofist rääkivast Aleksandr Mindadze filmist "Laupäeval". Peatselt valmib film Vladimir Võssotskist. Stsenaariumi on kirjutanud Nikita Võssotski

Southern African Journal of Critical Care - Vol 31, No 2 (2015)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Comparison of the efficacy of colistin monotherapy and colistin combination therapies in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. I Kara, F ...

78 FR 68444 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Applicants

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-14

... (America), Ltd. (NVO & OFF), 21061 S. Western Avenue, Suite 300, Torrance, CA 90501-1122, Officers: Mary M..., Officers: Kimberly A. Whisler Wagner, Member Manager (QI), Kara M. Norkus, Member Manager, Application Type..., Iselin, NJ 08830, Officers: Richard Kenyon, President (QI), Fernando Valenzuela, Global President...

Estimation of subsurface structures in a Minami Noshiro 3D seismic survey region by seismic-array observations of microtremors; Minami Noshiro sanjigen jishin tansa kuikinai no hyoso kozo ni tsuite. Bido no array kansoku ni yoru suitei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okada, H; Ling, S; Ishikawa, K [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan); Tsuburaya, Y; Minegishi, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

Japan National Oil Corporation Technology Research Center has carried out experiments on the three-dimensional seismic survey method which is regarded as an effective means for petroleum exploration. The experiments were conducted at the Minami Noshiro area in Akita Prefecture. Seismometer arrays were developed in radii of 30 to 300 m at seven points in the three-dimensional seismic exploration region to observe microtremors. The purpose is to estimate S-wave velocities from the ground surface to the foundation by using surface waves included in microtremors. Estimation of the surface bed structure is also included in the purpose since this is indispensable in seismic exploration using the reflection method. This paper reports results of the microtremor observations and the estimation on S-wave velocities (microtremor exploration). One or two kinds of arrays with different sizes composed of seven observation points per area were developed to observe microtremors independently. The important point in the result obtained in the present experiments is that a low velocity bed suggesting existence of faults was estimated. It will be necessary to repeat experiments and observations in the future to verify whether this microtremor exploration method has that much of exploration capability. For the time being, however, interest is addressed to considerations on comparison with the result of 3D experiments using the reflection method. 4 refs., 7 figs.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... cesarienne : etude de 97 cas colliges de Janvier 2008 a Decembre 2012 au chu Kara. Epidemiological, clinical and pronostical characteristics of stillbirth by cesarean se. Abstract · Vol 14, No 2 (2012): Series D - Articles Aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et pronostiques de l'accouchement des adolescentes a Lome en ...

Radiological impact assessment within the IAEA Arctic Assessment Project (IASAP)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scott, E.M.; Gurbutt, P.; Harmes, I.

1998-01-01

As part of the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) of IAEA, a working group was created to model the dispersal and transfer of radionuclides released from radioactive waste disposed of in the Kara Sea and bays of Novaya Zemlya and to assess the radiological impact. Existing models...

Livestock: An alternative mosquito control measure | Yakubu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A survey was conducted to investigate the indigenous methods or measures adopted by urban livestock owners in the control of mosquito in Sokoto metropolis. Fifty (50) respondents who were engaged in urban livestock production were conveniently sampled, In addition, five (5) locations (Sidi farm, Kara market, Sokoto ...

03 Rutgers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tom

Pa saka kara: (tomo I) historia di literatura Papiamentu. Willemstad: Fundashon Pierre. Lauffer. Claassen, Anton. 1992. De navelstreng van mijn taal; Poesia bibo di Aruba. Haarlem: In de Knipscheer. Debrot, Cola. 1985-1989. Verzameld werk. (zeven delen) Amsterdam: Meulenhoff. ———. 1985a. Naschrift op Dr. David ...

International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research - Vol 3 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

CoQ10 supplementation: a new treatment modality in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with unknown molecular etiology · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. N Dincel, K Ozdemir, OD Kara, E Yimaz, ZH Gun, A Berdell, S Mir, 146-154 ...

Determinations of adaptation level of wine grape varieties in terms of climatic data in wine growing regions of turkey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ateş Fadime

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Wine grapes are adapted to a wide range of climate; the best production occurs in regions that meet certain specific climatic conditions. Temperatures during the growing season can affect grape quality and viability. Beneficial climatic conditions will improve the wine's quality. In this study it is aimed that to determine suitable wine grape varieties for the cultivation in some areas of Southeastern Anatolia Region, Eastern Anatolia, Central Anatolia Region, Central Black Sea Region, Aegean Region and Marmara Region in Turkey with related to climate requirements. For this reason, long-term climatic data were collected by meteorological stations including, Diyarbakır (Çermik, Çüngüş, Central-Elazığ, Nevşehir (Central and Ürgüp, Ankara (Kalecik Tokat (Central, Erbaa, Niksar, İzmir (Seferihisar, Menderes, Urla ve Denizli (Çal ve Güney, Çanakkale (Bozcaada, Bayramiç, Tekirdağ. In this study heliotermic and hdyrothermic indices were calculated and evaluated for appropriate viticultural practice in this region. It was found that Boğazkere and Öküzgözü in Southeastern Anatolia Region and Eastern Anatolia Region; Kalecik Karası, Dimrit and Narince in Central Anatolia Region and Emir in Central Black Sea Region; Bornova Misketi, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Alicante Bouschet, Carignane, Kalecik Karası, Merlot, Öküzgözü, Çal Karası, Boğazkere, Sultani Çekirdeksiz in Aegean Region; Karasakız,Karalahana, Vasilaki, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Alicante Bouschet, Semillion, Cinsaut, Yapıncak, Gamay, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon can be adapted and grown well in terms of climatic conditions in Marmara Region respectively.

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 ( 3.3 Ma) in the southern hemisphere: constraining the climatic drivers of a short-term glaciation event during the Pliocene warm Period.

Science.gov (United States)

De Vleeschouwer, D.; Auer, G.; Bogus, K.; Groeneveld, J.; Henderiks, J.; Jatiningrum, R. S.; Christensen, B. A.

2017-12-01

Global climate was characterized by intriguing climate variability during the Late Pliocene (3.6 to 2.59 Ma): a brief (<100 kyr) but intense glaciation (MIS M2) interrupted the relatively warm climate state around 3.3 Ma. Until today, different hypotheses exist to explain why this glaciation event was so intense, and why the global climate system returned to warm Pliocene conditions relatively quickly. One of these proposed mechanisms is a reduced equator-to-pole heat transfer, in response to a tectonically reduced Indonesian Throughflow (ITF; De Schepper et al., 2014; Karas et al., 2011a, b). However, the scarcity of orbital-scale continuous climate archives in the outflow of the Indonesian Seaway hampers testing this hypothesis. To assess the supposed relationship between mid-Pliocene glaciations and latitudinal heat transport through the Indonesian Throughflow, we constructed a 3-kyr resolution planktonic δ18OG.sacculiferrecord for the 3.9 - 2.7 Ma interval from Site U1463 (18°59'S, 117°37'E; Northwestern Australian Shelf; IODP Expedition 356 "Indonesian Throughflow"). The U1463 oxygen isotope record concurs exceptionally well with the sea surface temperature (SST) record from Site 806 (0°19'N, 159°22'E) in the West Pacific Warm Pool (Wara et al., 2005), even during MIS M2. Hence, Site U1463 suggests an uninterrupted ITF signal during Pliocene glaciations. Surprisingly though, the U1463 δ18OG.sacculifer record exhibits a 0.5‰ offset with the nearby Site 763 record (20°35'S, 112°12'E) around MIS M2. This implies that Site 763, which lies a bit further offshore than U1463, fits better with Indian Ocean SST records (e.g. Site 214; Karas et al., 2009) across MIS M2. In conclusion, the U1463 data reveal that heat-transport through the Indonesian Throughflow did not shut down completely during MIS M2. However, its intensity decreased during MIS M2, causing Site 763 to temporarily reflect an Indian Ocean, rather than an ITF signal. References De Schepper, S

Wood-Vasey DOE #SC0011834 Final Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wood-Vasey, William Michael [Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

2017-08-25

During the past reporting period (Year 3), this grant has provided partial support for graduate students Daniel Perrefort and Kara Ponder. They have been working exploring different aspects of the technical work needed to take full advantage of the potential for cosmological inference using Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) with LSST.

PENDEKATAN SOSIAL-EKOLOGI UNTUK PENILAIAN KESESUAIAN LOKASI RESTOCKING LOBSTER PASIR Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758 PADA BEBERAPA PERAIRAN DI INDONESIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amula Nurfiarini

2016-11-01

yang sama. Jika dibandingkan dengan kriteria pengambilan keputusan terhadap tingkat kesesuaian habitat, menunjukkan sebanyak 17 lokasi berada pada kategori kelayakan tinggi, dan 11 lokasi kategori kelayakan sedang. Prioritas lokasi restocking, terpilih tiga lokasi dengan nilai kelayakan tertinggi yakni perairan Batu Karas dan Pananjung Barat (Pangandaran, serta Perairan Karang Asem (Trenggalek.

Numerical simulation of radon migration from a uranium ore storage facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasil'ev, I.A.; Politov, V.Yu.; Chernov, V.V.; Shestakov, A.A.

2007-01-01

Data on geologic structure and radiation environment in the vicinity of the tailings storage facility (TSF) of Kara-Balta uranium hydrometallurgical factory in Kyrgyzstan were used to design a mathematical model of radon migration from the surface of TSF. Numerical calculations have been performed to describe prevalence of radon contamination [ru

Aircraft fatigue failures and duties of structural reliability analysis. Kokuki kozo no hiro hakai to kozo shinraisei kaiseki no yakuwari

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujiwara, G [Japan Airlines Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1992-10-05

The use of a commercial jet transport airplane over its life of 20 years has been increasing because of intestified competition after cancellation of the regulations. It is necessary that users of the airplane adopt such a positive way as they themselves maintain safety of their airplanes rather than they wait for feedback or technical instructions from manufacturers. This paper outlines the points at issue regarding the problem of fatigue strength which is fundamental to the safety problem, explaining by various examples that the fatigue strength problem includes phenomena of which theoretical elucidation has not been obtained. Consequently, some points to be paid attention to are cited. For instance, in the analysis of reliability in case of determining the period for initial inspection (safety life), reliability should be 95-99% which have been advised by Boeing and others, even if confidence level is 95% as usual In case of considering a fleet number in the reliability analysis, the fleet number should be reflected by grouping significant in fatigue analysis. 30 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Assessment of hygiene habits and attitudes among removable ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2014-12-01

Dec 1, 2014 ... The importance of proper plaque control and its relation with the long term ... U Cakan, E Yuzbasioglu, H Kurt, HB Kara, R Turunç, A Akbulut, KC Aydın1. Departments of .... significantly higher among cigarette or any other tobacco consumers than .... limited knowledge of denture cleansing and oral hygiene.

The Taimyr Peninsula and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, Arctic Russia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Möller, Per; Alexanderson, Helena; Funder, Svend Visby

2015-01-01

to the west. From the Kara Sea shelf this advance only reached c. 100 km inland, over some limited parts of NW Taimyr. The Severnaya Zemlya islands were only locally glaciated at this time. The lowlands south of the Byrranga Mountains have been a terrestrial “Mammoth steppe” environment during the last c. 50...

The Trust Gap: Understanding the Effects of Leadership Churn in School Districts

Science.gov (United States)

Finnigan, Kara S.; Daly, Alan J.

2017-01-01

In this article, Kara Finnigan and Alan Daly argue that studying churn among central office leaders and school principals can improve retention of high-quality leaders who can better support teachers. Constant churn often means that initiatives barely have the opportunity to get off the ground before a new central office administrator or principal…

78 FR 74041 - Collection of Checks and Other Items by Federal Reserve Banks and Funds Transfers through Fedwire...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-10

... Services Analyst (202) 453-3638, Division of Reserve Bank Operations and Payment Systems; or Kara Handzlik... notice of dishonor) before midnight of the banking day on which the paying bank received the check.\\3\\ A paying bank that has settled for a check before midnight of the banking day on which it received the...

Music Activities for Lemonade in Winter

Science.gov (United States)

Cardany, Audrey Berger

2014-01-01

"Lemonade in Winter: A Book About Two Kids Counting Money" is a children's book about math; however, when sharing it in the music classroom, street cries and clapping games emerge. Jenkins' and Karas' book provides a springboard to lessons addressing several music elements, including form, tempo, and rhythm, as well as…

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vol 16, No 1 (2014): Series A,B,C,D,E, Les Troubles Musculosquelettiques (Tms) En Milieu Portuaire : Cas Des Dockers Professionnels Du Port Autonome De Lome (Pal). Abstract. ES Alegbeh, B Akplogan, MA Hounmenou, KV Adjenou, O Aze, A Azondekon, P Kara-Peketi, DKL Gbati, A Adanlete Lawson, P Dansou. Vol 16 ...

Establishment of Aquilaria malaccensis Callus, cell suspension and adventitious root systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norazlina Noordin; Rusli Ibrahim

2010-01-01

Aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical forest tree from the family Thymelaeaceae, an endangered forest species and was listed in CITES since 1995. Locally known as Pokok Karas, this tree produces agar wood or gaharu, a highly valuable, resinous and fragrant forest product. Karas has been highly recognized for its vast medicinal values and gaharu has been widely use for perfumery, incense and religious purposes. The phyto chemical studies of agar wood showed that Sesqui terpenoid and Phenyl ethy chromone derivatives are the principal compounds that have anti allergic and anti microbe activities. Cell and organ culture systems provide large scale production of biomass and offers feasibilities for the production of secondary metabolites. This paper describes the work done for establishing reproducible systems for callus initiation and production of cell suspension cultures as well as production of adventitious roots that will later be amenable for the production of secondary metabolites of A. malaccensis. Hence, further manipulation with Methyl Jasmonate, a chemical elicitor could be done to induce secondary metabolites using callus, cell suspension and adventitious roots systems. (author)

Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics; Volume 80; Issue 5. Issue front cover thumbnail. Volume 80, Issue 5. May 2013, pages 739-915. pp 739-755. The symmetries and conservation laws of some Gordon-type equations in Milne space-time · S Jamal A H Kara A H Bokhari F D Zaman · More Details Abstract Fulltext ...

Arctic whaling : proceedings of the International Symposium Arctic Whaling February 1983

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jacob, H.K. s'; Snoeijing, K

1984-01-01

Contents: D.M. Hopkins and Louie Marincovich Jr. Whale Biogeography and the history of the Arctic Basin P.M. Kellt, J.H.W. Karas and L.D. Williams Arctic Climate: Past, Present and Future Torgny E. Vinje On the present state and the future fate of the Arctic sea ice cover P.J.H. van Bree On the

Editorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bengisu Bayrak

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Volume 6.2 (2017 includes the articles by Hasan Gürkan, Bahar Muratoğlu Pehlivan & Gül Esra Atalay, Andrew Ali Ibbi, Iqbal Shailo, Alon Lazar & Tal Litvak Hirsch, Elloit Cardozo, Floribert Patrick C. Endong, Olugbenga Elegbe, Volkan Yücel & Ziya Toprak, Aslı Daldal, Funda Mardar Kara & Şakir Eşitti.

Should I Say Something? Dating and Sexual Aggression Bystander Intervention among High School Youth. National Issue Brief Number 92

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Katie M.; Eckstein, Robert P.; Rodenhizer-Stämpfli , Kara Anne

2015-01-01

Using data from a sample of 218 high school youth from three high schools in New England (one rural, two urban), this brief discusses dating and sexual aggression bystander intervention among high school youth. Authors Katie Edwards, Robert Eckstein, and Kara Anne Rodenhizer-Stämpfli report that an overwhelming majority (93.6 percent) of high…

Impact of Parameterized Lee Wave Drag on the Energy Budget of an Eddying Global Ocean Model

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-26

Comparison between vertical shear mixing and surface wave-induced mixing in the extratropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 117, C00J16. Rosmond, T.E...cycle for the World Ocean based on the 1=10 STORM /NCEP simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 42, 2185–2205. Wallcraft, A.J., Kara, A.B., Hurlburt, H.E., 2005

Symmetry and conservation law structures of some anti-self-dual ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2016-09-28

Sep 28, 2016 ... (2016) 87: 64 c Indian Academy of Sciences. DOI 10.1007/s12043-016-1258-y. Symmetry and conservation law structures of some anti-self-dual (ASD) manifolds. J BASINGWA1, A H KARA1,∗, ASHFAQUE H BOKHARI2, R A MOUSA2 and F D ZAMAN2. 1School of Mathematics, University of the ...

Assessment of antiretroviral treatment outcome in public hospitals ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Bernt Lindtjørn

2009-01-31

Jan 31, 2009 ... CD4 cell count is less than 350 and all WHO stage IV and CD4 cell count ..... Katherine H, et al: Antiretroviral therapy and early mortality in South ... Evan W, Robert S, Benita Y, Richard H, Michael V. Julio SG. ... Kara W, Silvester K, Lameck D, Abraham S, John S,. Constantin T ... Janet G, et al. Predicators of ...

The Modeling of Factors That Influence Coast Guard Manpower Requirements

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-01

applications, and common data warehouses needed to fully develop an effective and efficient manpower requirements engineering and management program. The... manpower requirements determination ensures a ready force, and safe and effective mission execution. Shortage or excess of manpower is the catalyst...FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COAST GUARD MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS by Kara M. Lavin December 2014 Thesis Advisor: Ronald E. Giachetti Co-Advisor

The Effect of Chemical, Biological and Organic Nutritional Treatments on Sunflowers Yield and Yield Components under the Influence of Water Deficit Stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

fatemeh soleymani

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction To achieve the higher economic yield of crop plants, supplying enough nutrients to plants is very important. Moreover, nutrient uptakes by plants is influenced by the soil water contents. However, nowadays chemical fertilizer application is important agronomic factor that has significant effects on growth and quantity and quality of final yield, but traditional nutrient management and excessive use of chemical fertilizers may cause the environmental problems such as contamination of soil and water resources, low quality of agricultural products and reduction of soil fertility. These factors have drawn attention to health and ecological sustainable farming systems (Sharma, 2002. In this context, usage of organic and biological products for plant nutrition is considered as one of the solutions to achieve the goals of sustainable agriculture. Materials and methods To evaluate the effect of various feeding systems on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. under the influence of water deficit stress, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications, was carried out in the Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University during the growing season of 2013-2014. Main plots consisted of two irrigation levels: optimum irrigation and deficit irrigation stress (irrigation after 60 and 120 mm evaporation from evaporation pan, class A, respectively and sub-plots included of nine nutrition systems: 1- no bio or chemical fertilizer application, 2- 100% of the recommended chemical fertilizer , 3- vermicompost, 4- phospho nitro kara, 5- vermicompost+ phospho nitro kara, 6- vermicompost+ ½ chemical fertilizer, 7- phospho nitro kara+ ½ chemical fertilizer, 8- vermicompost+ phospho nitro kara+ ½ chemical fertilizer, 9- ½ proposed chemical fertilizer. Phospho-nitro-kara which contains phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing bacteria (Bacillus coagulans, azotobactr chroocuccum and

Plutonium in the arctic marine environment--a short review.

Science.gov (United States)

Skipperud, Lindis

2004-06-18

Anthropogenic plutonium has been introduced into the environment over the past 50 years as the result of the detonation of nuclear weapons and operational releases from the nuclear industry. In the Arctic environment, the main source of plutonium is from atmospheric weapons testing, which has resulted in a relatively uniform, underlying global distribution of plutonium. Previous studies of plutonium in the Kara Sea have shown that, at certain sites, other releases have given rise to enhanced local concentrations. Since different plutonium sources are characterised by distinctive plutonium-isotope ratios, evidence of a localised influence can be supported by clear perturbations in the plutonium-isotope ratio fingerprints as compared to the known ratio in global fallout. In Kara Sea sites, such perturbations have been observed as a result of underwater weapons tests at Chernaya Bay, dumped radioactive waste in Novaya Zemlya, and terrestrial runoff from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers. Measurement of the plutonium-isotope ratios offers both a means of identifying the origin of radionuclide contamination and the influence of the various nuclear installations on inputs to the Arctic, as well as a potential method for following the movement of water and sediment loads in the rivers.

Enhanced ice sheet growth in Eurasia owing to adjacent ice-dammed lakes.

Science.gov (United States)

Krinner, G; Mangerud, J; Jakobsson, M; Crucifix, M; Ritz, C; Svendsen, J I

2004-01-29

Large proglacial lakes cool regional summer climate because of their large heat capacity, and have been shown to modify precipitation through mesoscale atmospheric feedbacks, as in the case of Lake Agassiz. Several large ice-dammed lakes, with a combined area twice that of the Caspian Sea, were formed in northern Eurasia about 90,000 years ago, during the last glacial period when an ice sheet centred over the Barents and Kara seas blocked the large northbound Russian rivers. Here we present high-resolution simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model that explicitly simulates the surface mass balance of the ice sheet. We show that the main influence of the Eurasian proglacial lakes was a significant reduction of ice sheet melting at the southern margin of the Barents-Kara ice sheet through strong regional summer cooling over large parts of Russia. In our simulations, the summer melt reduction clearly outweighs lake-induced decreases in moisture and hence snowfall, such as has been reported earlier for Lake Agassiz. We conclude that the summer cooling mechanism from proglacial lakes accelerated ice sheet growth and delayed ice sheet decay in Eurasia and probably also in North America.

Prevention de la transmission mere enfant du VIH/SIDA au Chu de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La transmission Mère Enfant du VIH/SIDA est le mode de contamination essentielle des enfants dans les pays en développement. Objectif : Evaluer les résultats de la Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant (PTME) du VIH au CHU-Kara. Méthode: Il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective descriptive de juillet 2005 à Juin ...

Discussion: Comparison of slope instability screening tools following a large storm event and application to forest management and policy

Science.gov (United States)

Lingley, Leslie; Slaughter, Stephen L.; Sarikhan, Isabelle Y.; Norman, David K.

2013-02-01

This discussion is in response to the article entitled "Comparison of slope stability screening tools following a large storm event and application to forest management and policy" by Kara Whittaker and Dan McShane (Geomorphology 145-146 (2012) 115-122). The discussion is coauthored by several geologists at the Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) including those from the research and policy sections of the state agency.

The “Majmu al-tawarikh” as a Source on the History of the Jochid Ulus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zh.M. Sabitov

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Research objective: To study information about the Golden Horde contained in a historical source called the “Majmu al-tawarikh” and to analyze the information found in that source about the lives of amirs and khans of the Golden Horde. Research materials: The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of published and unpublished sections of the “Majmu al-tawarikh” which have been translated. Results and novelty of the research: The “Majmu al-tawarikh” is a valuable source for the history of the Golden Horde. There are a number of anachronisms in the “Majmu al-tawarikh”, but it also contains unique and original information about the history of the Golden Horde. There are three copies of the source. The first copy (B 667 is stored at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. The second copy (№ 693 is stored in the Oriental department of St. Petersburg State University library. The third copy (№ 167a stored in the fund of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (Bishkek. A translation in Kyrghyz of the third copy was published in 1996. This source contains unique information about the life and family of such khans of the Golden Horde as Toktamysh, Kara-Nogai, Pulad. This work contains stories about the lives of such amirs as Mamai (from the Kiyat tribe, Teginya (Tegin, Dekne from the Shirin tribe, Temir-khodzha (Dair-Khodzha and his son Kara-Khodzha from the Argyn tribe, Hussain Aq-Sufi from Kungirat tribe and his son Ak Nogai, Mamai from the Saray tribe, Baba Ali from the Khitai tribe, etc. Baba Ali from Khitai tribe was the main source of information for “Majmu al-tawarikh” about the Jochid ulus. He served Abd al-Kerim, the khan of Astrakhan, and the Khwarezm’s khan, Sultan-Ghazi. This same Baba Ali was also the informant of Ötemish-Hajji, who recorded stories about Tokhtamysh, Kara-Nogay and Hussain Aq-Sufi.

Near-surface 3D reflections seismic survey; Sanjigen senso hanshaho jishin tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakahigashi, H; Mitsui, H; Nakano, O; Kobayashi, T [DIA Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Faults are being actively investigated across Japan since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Discussed in this report is the application of the 3D near-surface reflection seismic survey in big cities. Data from trenching and drilling is used for the geological interpretation of the surroundings of a fault, and the reflection seismic survey is used to identify the position, etc., of the fault. In this article, when the results obtained from the experimental field are examined, it is found that the conventional 2D imaging reflection survey betrays the limit of its capability when the geological structure is complicated, that the 3D reflection seismic survey, on the contrary, is capable of high-precision imaging and, when augmented by drilling, etc., becomes capable of a more detailed interpretation, and that it also contributes effectively to the improvement of local disaster prevention in big cities. Using as the model the Tachikawa fault that runs near JR Tachikawa Station, embodiment of the 3D reflection seismic survey is reviewed. For the acquisition of data excellent in quality in a 3D reflection seismic survey conducted utilizing the roads in the sector chosen for experiment in the urban area, the shock generating points and receiving points should be positioned by taking into account the parameters in the bin arranging process so that the mid-points will be regularly distributed on the surface. 3 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Stability of the Black Sea Littoral Region: Focus on the Montreux Convention

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-27

relationships (if seen as monopolistic ) during crisis’s such as; harsh winters when Russian energy companies have admitted to lowering or shutting off...Exxon to build a LNG plant in the Kara Sea in hopes of future oil and gas explorations discoveries. Tourism is expected to be an increasing market ...in this fertile area and Caspian countries are anxious to connect with global markets , especially Europe. CHALLENGES FOR STABILITY PERCEIVED

Ethical considerations in the treatment of childhood obesity

OpenAIRE

Perryman, Mandy; Sidoti,Kara

2015-01-01

Mandy L Perryman,1 Kara A Sidoti,2 1Department of Leadership and Counselor Education, University of Mississippi, MS, USA; 2Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, VA, USA Abstract: Rates of obesity in children and adolescents appear to be stabilizing, though the prevalence of extreme obesity in this population remains fairly consistent at 4%. Childhood obesity contributes to serious health complications, such as hypertension, orthopedic problems, hormonal imbalances, and adult obesity. Psychological, ...

Imaging of salt structure; Gan`enso kozo no imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akama, K; Saeki, T [Japan National Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

Due to the improvement of algorithm and the advancement of calculation performance, the imaging by depth migration before stacking is being put into practice from the viewpoint of both calculation cost and accuracy. A lot of imaging examples have been already reported from the survey areas with complicated velocity structures, such as the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Effectiveness of the method has been confirmed. For imaging techniques in Japan National Oil Corporation and Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd., high-speed depth migration before stacking and high efficiency velocity structure estimation technique have been investigated. This paper describes necessary care to be taken when using depth focusing analysis (DFA) for correcting a velocity model, as an interim stage of case study. The results of depth migration before stacking using dip moveout (DMO) velocity were further inferior to the section obtained by the migration after tracking. Tendency of velocity errors was distinctly deviated with the variation of depth and horizontal position. It was not suitable for modifying the velocity model using DFA. 4 refs., 4 figs.

Magnetic structure of volcanic neck; Kazangankei no jiki kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Makino, M; Okuma, S; Morijiri, R; Nakatsuka, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-05-27

This paper describes the summary and result of magnetic exploration on the Kabutoyama volcano in the city of Nishinomiya, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. It also states the interpretation and discussion on magnetic anomaly in the volcanic conduit of the mountain by using a three-dimensional magnetic structure model. Terrain surface magnetic exploration for the Kabutoyama volcano was performed by using six traverse lines each in different azimuths with the triangulation point at the summit as the basic point and by using a proton magnetometer. The exploration results of the six traverse lines around the Kabutoyama volcano may be generalized as follows: magnetic anomaly in the vicinity of the summit is moderate with little change, but it increases to 500 nT to 2,500 nT in the vicinity of the distances of 150 m to 200 m; a peak is formed with a width of a few tens of meters; and the magnetic anomaly showed a trend of rapidly decreasing at outer sides of the peak. The results of the magnetic exploration and the magnetization intensity measurement leads to a belief that such a magnetic anomalous band of an annular form would exist corresponding to the boundary or its vicinity of andesite and granite, and the Rokko granite having magnetization intensity as small as can be neglected would be distributed at outer sides of the boundary. The result of the three-dimensional magnetic structure model calculation, which assumes the internal structure of the magnetic structure to be non-uniformly magnetized, reproduced the magnetic anomaly patterns well as compared with the observation results. 1 ref., 5 figs.

Development of monitoring system for studying of radionuclide and chemical contamination level in trans boundary river basins of Caspian and Kara Seas at Russian Federation territory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valyaev, A.N.; Stepanets, O.V.

2006-01-01

Full text: Intensive and insufficiently controlled human industrial activities, ignoring regional geological and geochemical processes, resulted in considerable chemical pollution and radioactive contamination of these river's basins, where some large nuclear power plants, uranium and chemical enterprises, oil and gas productions are also located. This epidemiological and environmental situation aggravated further after USSR collapse and the establishment of new independent states due to lack of the appropriate environmental monitoring in those countries and on their near-border areas in particular, that contributed to further aggravation of the political tension and economic destabilization between transboundary countries. The environmental situation here is one of most unfavorable among world water ecosystems. In recent years different pollutants (radionuclides, toxins, organic substances and heavy metals) activate reduction processes in bottom sediments, that lead to changes in sulfur and carbon cycles, the oxygen deficit in water, to eutrophication of water reservoirs and their biological degradation. Today the development of total environmental monitoring systems is clearly necessary for operative current control, ensuring preparedness and prediction of any potential emergencies of global and local scales and their long-term effects. The objectives for presented monitoring systems are to: (1)study sources and mechanisms of chemical pollution and radioactive contamination of water basins of Volga (the largest river in Europe and Russia), Terek and Ural rivers flowed into Caspian Sea, and Ob, Irtysh and Tom ones, flowed into Kara Sea in Arctic Ocean within RF territory; (2) develop the well-ground database (DB) on contamination; (3) the using of the obtained results for the operative current trans boundary control, monitoring and protection of freshwater resources; (4) modeling of pollutant's migration. There is no way to provide solution of environmental

Plutonium in the Arctic Marine Environment — A Short Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lindis Skipperud

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Anthropogenic plutonium has been introduced into the environment over the past 50 years as the result of the detonation of nuclear weapons and operational releases from the nuclear industry. In the Arctic environment, the main source of plutonium is from atmospheric weapons testing, which has resulted in a relatively uniform, underlying global distribution of plutonium. Previous studies of plutonium in the Kara Sea have shown that, at certain sites, other releases have given rise to enhanced local concentrations. Since different plutonium sources are characterised by distinctive plutonium-isotope ratios, evidence of a localised influence can be supported by clear perturbations in the plutonium-isotope ratio fingerprints as compared to the known ratio in global fallout. In Kara Sea sites, such perturbations have been observed as a result of underwater weapons tests at Chernaya Bay, dumped radioactive waste in Novaya Zemlya, and terrestrial runoff from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers. Measurement of the plutonium-isotope ratios offers both a means of identifying the origin of radionuclide contamination and the influence of the various nuclear installations on inputs to the Arctic, as well as a potential method for following the movement of water and sediment loads in the rivers.

THE EVANGELICAL AS THE NATIVE IN THE “BROTHERS KARAMAZOV” AND IN “A WRITER’S DIARY” (1876–1877) BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY

OpenAIRE

Elena A. Fedorova

2015-01-01

The article identifi es the reasons for Fyodor Dostoevsky’s appeal to the traditions of Old Russian literature in “A Writer’s Diary” during the Russian-Turkish war. One of the main reasons is seeking for national foundations of Russian spirituality. The writer learned the world of medieval literacy getting acquainted with hagiography, walking, spiritual eloquence. Later Dostoevsky reverted to the Old Russian monuments in the course of his work on the novel “The Brothers Kara...

Biological Basis for Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

2006-10-01

Concealing Clothing” Sukru Hatun, Omer Islam, Filiz Cizmecioglu, Bulent Kara, Kadir Babaoglu, Fatma Berk,and Ayse Sevim Go¨ kalp J. Nutr. 135: 218–222...to studies in ovarian caner , analyses of the relationship between the short AR CAG repeat length polymorphism and prostate cancer risk also have...pregnant, months of OC use, BMI, tubal ligation, family history of breast or ovarian caner in a first degree relative, waist-to-hip ratio 23 Table 6

Consciousness and Absolute. Subjectivity and objectivity between Bergsonian philosophy and Indian thought

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giacomo Foglietta

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Moving by a theoretic approach, the paper intends to think through the connections between the Indian philosophy of Śaṃkara (the greater thinker of the Vedanta school, lived in the VIII century b. C. and the thought of H. Bergson. By such a prospective, indeed, becomes possible a critical remark about some problems of interpretation of the thought of both the authors, who – as we shall see – share a common conceptual horizon.

Report for Contract W911NF-09-1-0205 (University of Wisconsin - Madison)

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-18

widm. 8 M. E. Piper, J. W. Cook, T. R. Schlam, D. E. Jorenby, S. S. Smith, D. M. Bolt, W.-Y. Loh. Gender, race, and education differences in abstinence ...rates among participants in two randomized smoking cessation trials, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, (05 2010): 0. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq067 A. B...Kara, A. J. Wallcraft, H. E. Hurlburt, W.-Y. Loh. Which surface atmospheric variable drives the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature over the

Self-esteem and communication skills as predictors of psychological resilience for Turkish vocational school students

OpenAIRE

Özlem TAGAY; Sibel Karakelle

2014-01-01

This study analyzes whether or not communication skills and self-esteem of vocational school students can predict their psychological resilience. The data of the study were collected from a total of 295 vocational school students including 147 female and 148 male in Burdur and Isparta. The study benefited from the Ego Resiliency Scale developed by Block and Kremen (1996) and adapted by Karaırmak (2007), the Communication Skills Evaluation Scale developed by Korkut (1996), and the Rosenberg Se...

Biological Modulation of Upper Ocean Physics: Simulating the Biothermal Feedback Effect in Monterey Bay, California

Science.gov (United States)

2014-04-08

context of geophysical forcing [see Longhurst, 1998]. However, the abundance of marine phytoplankton belies the inefficiency of photosynthesis as a...implicit bacterial respiration back to the ammonium compartment (NA). If the depth (z) is at the maximum depth increment then D(z) is returned to the NA(z... photosynthesis in situ, J. Plankton Res., 6, 275–294. Barron, C. N., A. B. Kara, H. E. Hurlburt, C. Rowley, and L. F. Smedstad (2004), Sea surface height

Kanayaka: "The light is on": Understanding HIV and AIDS related Stigma in Urban and Rural Zambia

OpenAIRE

Bond, V; Levy, Chilikwela; Clay, S; Kafuma, T; Nyblade, L; Bettega, N

2003-01-01

The ZAMBART Project in partnership with Kara Counselling and Training Trust (KCTT) collaborated with the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) to carry out community based research in Zambia over a period of two years (November 2001 to November 2003) in urban and rural sites, and used qualitative methods to investigate stigma associated with HIV and AIDS - its causes, forms and consequences and the social, economic and cultural factors that underlie it. This report describes the s...

The Influence of Climate Change on the Intensity of Ice Gouging of the Bottom by Hummocky Formations

Science.gov (United States)

Ogorodov, S. A.; Arkhipov, V. V.; Baranskaya, A. V.; Kokin, O. V.; Romanov, A. O.

2018-02-01

In the present work, several results of repeated sounding of bottom ice gouging microrelief within the area of the underwater pipeline crossing of the Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea, are presented. Based on the results of the monitoring, as well as the analysis of literature sources and modeling it has been established that under the conditions of climate warming and sea ice reduction, the zone of the most intensive ice gouging is shifted landwards, on shallower water areas.

How do rigid-lid assumption affect LES simulation results at high Reynolds flows?

Science.gov (United States)

Khosronejad, Ali; Farhadzadeh, Ali; SBU Collaboration

2017-11-01

This research is motivated by the work of Kara et al., JHE, 2015. They employed LES to model flow around a model of abutment at a Re number of 27,000. They showed that first-order turbulence characteristics obtained by rigid-lid (RL) assumption compares fairly well with those of level-set (LS) method. Concerning the second-order statistics, however, their simulation results showed a significant dependence on the method used to describe the free surface. This finding can have important implications for open channel flow modeling. The Reynolds number for typical open channel flows, however, could be much larger than that of Kara et al.'s test case. Herein, we replicate the reported study by augmenting the geometric and hydraulic scales to reach a Re number of one order of magnitude larger ( 200,000). The Virtual Flow Simulator (VFS-Geophysics) model in its LES mode is used to simulate the test case using both RL and LS methods. The computational results are validated using measured flow and free-surface data from our laboratory experiments. Our goal is to investigate the effects of RL assumption on both first-order and second order statistics at high Reynolds numbers that occur in natural waterways. Acknowledgment: Computational resources are provided by the Center of Excellence in Wireless & Information Technology (CEWIT) of Stony Brook University.

The effects of callus age, UV irradiation and incubation time on trans-resveratol production in grapevine callus culture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keskin, N.; Kunter, B.

2009-01-01

In this study, the effects of callus age, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and incubation time were investigated for the induction of trans-resveratrol production in callus cultures of Kalecik karası (Clone 12) Vitis vinifera L. grape cultivar. Part of leaves (~1 cm 2 ) were taken from one year old grapevines grown in greenhouse and then were cultured in Gamborg B-5 media including 2% saccarose, 0.8% agar, 1.0 μM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 0.1 μM 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid). After the second subculture, 12 and 15 days old callus tissues were exposed to 254 nm UV light at 10 cm distance from the source for 10 and 15 min. Trans-resveratrol was measured at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation by using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Trans-resveratrol concentration of control callus ranged from 0.56 to 0.96 μg g fw -1 . The highest trans-resveratrol production was obtained from 12 and 15 days-old callus irradiated for 10 min. at the 48th hours of incubation (2.42 μg g fw -1 ). Considering the highest value of trans-resveratrol concentration in controls and experiments, it was determined that UV irraditation in Kalecik karası elicitated the trans-resveratrol production by 2.5 times. (author) [tr

Analysis of automotive tire construction. Jidosha tire no kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishihara, K. (Toyo Tire and Rubber Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan))

1993-06-15

This paper introduces features and trends of analyzing performance and construction of automotive tires. Tires are demanded of high durability, high motion performance, good comfort performance for vibration and noise, and low fuel consumption performance. A feature of analyzing the construction is to execute a modelling assuming that a tire has air-rigid flexible structure and rubber materials show hyperelastic behavior, hypothesizing a strain energy density function. In addition, a tire is highly incompressible. Visco elasticity and anti-friction performance are also important points. Rubber and cord layers have elastic characteristic of three-dimensional perpendicular anisotropy as well as non-linearity with which characteristics change according to transformation. A structural analysis must cover from static analysis to steady dynamic analysis, non-steady dynamic analysis, and eigenvalue analysis. Thermal analysis of tires simulates phenomena by combining dynamical analysis with thermal analysis. Super-computers have now come to be used for formulating equilibrium equations using finite element methods, developing finite elements, and performing heat or visco elasticity analysis and applied analysis. 35 refs., 3 figs.

Penelitian Nilai Beban Pencemaran Pada Beberapa Ekstrak Zat Warna Alam

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kun Lestari

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Zat Pewarna Alam (ZWA akan direkomendasikan sebagai pewarna yang ramah baik bagi lingkungan maupun kesehatan, disebabkan karena kandungan komponen alaminya mempunyai nilai beban pencemaran yang rendah, mudah terdegradasi secara biologis dan tidak beracun. Pernyataan tersebut perlu diyakinkan kebenarannya. Telah dilakukan pengujian terhadap ekstrak pekat (0,75-1,00° Be dari 13 jenis sumber ZWA dari beberapa daerah di Indonesia yaitu: bakau, secang. sonokeling. bayam, markisa. bengkirai, nangka, pinus, kruing, kara benguk, tingi, tegeran dan mengkudu. Bahan pencemaran dinyatakan terhadap nilai BOD5, COD dan kandungan Fe (besi dalam ekstrak pekat yang telah tersimpan selama ±12 bulan. Dari hasil pengujian terlihat bahwa kadar BOD5 dan COD dari 13 jenis ekstrak ZWA mempunyai nilai 1700 mg/l. Tujuh jenis ekstrak ZWA yaitu ekstrak dari kayu nangka, kayu pinus. kayu kruing, kulit kara benguk, kulit kayu tingi, kayu tegeran dan akar mengkudu mempunyai nilai BOD5 dan COD 1000 mg/l, sedangkan ekstrak kulit batang bakau, kayu secang, kayu sonokeling, kayu buyam, kulit buah markisa dan kayu bengkirai mempunyai nilai BOD5 dan COD antara 1100 - 1700 mg/I. Dibandingkan dengan beban pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh limbah cair pada pencelupan batik menggunakan zat warna sintetis (ZWS seperti Indigosol yang mempunyai nilai BOD5 = 3.053 mg/I, COD = 10.230 mg/I, dan Naphtol yang mempunyai nilai BOD5 = 5.411 mg/I, COD= 19.921 mg/I maka beban pencemaran ekstrak pekat ZWA masih jauh lebih kecil. Melihat perbandingan COD/BOD5 (=1,3-1,6, beban pencemaran ekstrak pekat ZWA dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam golongan air limbah rumah tangga (COD/BOD5 (2.Zat Pewarna Alam (ZWA akan direkomendasikan sebagai pewarna yang ramah baik bagi lingkungan maupun kesehatan, disebabkan karena kandungan komponen alaminya mempunyai nilai beban pencemaran yang rendah, mudah terdegradasi secara biologis dan tidak beracun. Pernyataan tersebut perlu diyakinkan kebenarannya. Telah dilakukan

Marine ecosystems in conditions of formed nuclear testing area (the Novaya Zemlya archipelago)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gal'tsova, V.V.; Alekseev, D.K.

2008-01-01

The main aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a radioactive contamination on benthic communities of Barents and Kara Sea. The special attention was given to the meiobenthic organisms - the small bottom animals inhabiting a small space between grains of the sediment. It is possible to conclude that meiobenthos reacts to the radioactive pollution by the change of the taxonomic diversity and quantitative characteristics faster then macrobenthos, which is more inert component, less subjected to the influence of this factor. (authors)

Investigation of data acquisition parameters for Minami Noshiro 3D experiment using 3D seismic modeling; Sanjigen hado denpa modeling wo riyoshita Minami Noshiro sanjigen jishin tansa data shutoku parameter no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, H; Nakagami, K; Minegishi, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center; Kano, R [Teikoku Oil Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

This paper describes how to grasp the characteristics of reflected waves which means how the reflected wave can be received in its magnitude depending on the complicated subsurface structure. Data acquisition parameters were also investigated, as to offset distance distribution and mute setting during the HMO correction. A velocity structure model was prepared for an area of 9km{times}8km including the given 3D seismic exploration area at Minami Noshiro, Akita Prefecture. For the geological sequence used for the velocity structure model, three formations, i.e., Katsurane Formation, Funakawa Formation, and Onagawa Formation, were inputted in an order from the shallower depth on the basis of the depth structure profile obtained from the previous data. Ray tracing was calculated by means of the two-dot dashed line tracing method. For this method, amplitude as well as travel time of waves can be calculated at the same time. This was effective for grasping the magnitude of reflected wave on simulating the traced data. For the velocity structure model used in this study, existing data inputted were old, which limited the quantity of information. However, this model would sufficiently contribute to the verification of survey design and the determination of optimal layout. 1 ref., 3 figs.

From the Forgotten Russian Avant-Garde: An Unknown Acrostic by I.A.Aksenov Dedicated to K.A.Bol’shakov. (On IWL RAS Archival Materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Farsetti

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This is the first publication of a hitherto unknown acrostic by an avant-garde poet, I. A. Aksenov. The poem was found in the archive of the Russian Union of Soviet Writers (VSSP in the Manuscript Section of the Institute of World Literature (IWL. This poem dated 1918 is a complex example of Russian avant-garde poetry demonstrating subtle mechanisms of meaning-making. The essay places the poem within the context of Aksenov’s work and relates it to his biography (cf. his friendship with a poet, K.A. Bol’shakov, to whom the poem was dedicated and the participation of both in S.G.Kara-Murza’s literary circle “Tuesdays”. It outlines the basic structure of the acrostic, reveals its main linguistic devices and intertextual connections. The analysis shows that the acrostic was thematically connected with two poems Aksenov and Bol’shakov wrote later the same day at Kara-Murza’s house. All the three texts capture the incubus of the Civil war (more precisely, the so called «Red terror» in the Fall of 1918 but also express hope for the return of the normal life, relying on friendship of like-minded people. In addition to this, the essay reveals possible interrelation between poetic techniques of Bol’shakov and Aksenov; this will enable us to better understand the specificity of these two understudied representatives of Russian avant-garde.

Ichthyofauna of the Eastern Coast Bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

Science.gov (United States)

Bolshakova, Ya. Yu.; Bolshakov, D. V.

2018-03-01

Based on 2014-2016 studies and published data on the ichthyofauna composition near the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya, a revised list of fish fauna has been compiled. It includes 30 species from 23 genera and 13 families. The taxonomic diversity of ichthyofauna, its characteristics in respect to geographic range and biotopic groups of fish are considered. In general, ichthyological communities in bays off the eastern coast are similar in the species ratio to the communities in the open Kara Sea, and do not demonstrate any essential features of isolation.

Benchmarking of numerical models describing the dispersion of radionuclides in the Arctic Seas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scott, E.M.; Gurbutt, P.; Harms, I.

1997-01-01

As part of the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a working group was created to model the dispersal and transfer of radionuclides released from radioactive waste disposed of in the Kara Sea. The objectives of this group are: (1......) development of realistic and reliable assessment models for the dispersal of radioactive contaminants both within, and from, the Arctic ocean; and (2) evaluation of the contributions of different transfer mechanisms to contaminant dispersal and hence, ultimately, to the risks to human health and environment...

Karpuzun Meyve Suyu Sanayiinde Kullanım Olanakları Üzerinde bir Araştırma (İngilizce)

OpenAIRE

Hayoğlu, İbrahim A.; Fenercioğlu, Hasan

1990-01-01

In this research an investigation on the possibility of using watermelon in the fruit juice industry was carried out. For this purpose watermelons of “Halep karası” variety widely grown in the Çukurova Region were used. To obtain the juice samples the red fleshy portion of watermelons was passed through the pulper. After preheating the juice at 95 oC for 10 sec. Necessary adjustments were made to obtain the predetermined sugar acid ratio of 11 to 0.8%. The bottled juice samples were heat...

(S)examensarbete

OpenAIRE

Pfaff, Cecilia

2016-01-01

Preface: Thank you to all the women in my life who have supported me through this process; to my mother, to my other mother (Susan), to Kara, to Jordan and, of course, to Dolly. Summary: (S)examensarbete is a journey through which I have questioned if knitting can be sexy. It begins as a need to occupy my hands and goes on to encompass social media, a feminist view of the body, Dolly Parton, pin-ups, craftivism, interactivity and humor as a mechanism to hide the urge/need to be sexy. Through ...

Air-sea coupling during the tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean: A case study using satellite observations

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Subrahmanyam, B.; Murty, V.S.N.; Sharp, R.J.; O'Brien, J.J.

by HILBURN et al. (2003). Daily OLR data on 2.5 C176C22.5 C176 grids were obtained for the periods of cyclones (October 1999 and May 2001) from Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC), Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. MURTY et al. (2000, 2002, 2003) reported that intense...-sea Coupling During the Tropical Cyclones 1669 Acknowledgements The interpolated OLR data is provided by the NOAA-CIRES CDC. We thank Dr. Harley Hurlburt and Dr. Birol Kara for providing the NLOM MLD simulations and Dr. Charlie Barron for providing the MODAS...

Morpho-functional differences at tissue level in some radents of arid zone: common vole and laboratory mouse C57B1 differing in radioresistance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popova, M.F.; Bulyakova, N.V

1987-01-01

An assumption is made, that mechanisms of physiological regenration of the investigation tissues in rodents of arid zones, located in different continents, differ in principle. Physiological regeneration in Rhombomys opimus and meriones unguiculatis inhabiting the Kara Kum desert and the Baikal region mainly occurs in the results of intracellular repair and in Dipodomus merriamy from Mexican Sonora desert - to a great extent by way of intensive cell division and replacement of cellular populations by other ones. The reason for the different detected lies most probably in different ways of evolution of these animals

Sea level rise in the Arctic Ocean

OpenAIRE

Proshutinsky, Andrey; Pavlov, Vladimir; Bourke, Robert H.

2001-01-01

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012760 About 60 tide-gauge stations in the Kara, Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas have recorded the sea level change from the 1950s through 1990s. Over this 40-year period, most of these stations show a significant sea level rise (SLR). In light of global change, this SLR could be a manifestation of warming in the Artic coupled with a decrease of sea ice extent, warming of Atlantic waters, changes in...

Browse Author Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 38 of 38 ... A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All. K. Kalk, E · Kambugu, A · Kao, KY · Kaplan, R · Kaplan, R · Kara, S · Karamchand, L · Karim, A · Karlstrom, S · Katusiime, C · Kayembe, M · Keegan, Marilyn · Kelley, J · Kendall, C · Kenyon, C · Kerschberger, B · Kesieme, EB · Khabo, Paul · Khamisa ...

Imaging of salt structure. 2; Gan`enso kozo no imaging. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akama, K; Saeki, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

With respect to a velocity model structuring method using depth focusing analysis (DFA) as a depth image processing technology used for elastic wave exploration, its practicability was discussed. First, synthetic data were used to extract problems in the DFA. The problems were extracted by using a model with constant velocity as an initial model, deciding on the sequential structures from the higher order, and estimating velocity and depth of each layer by using a model fitting type method. In its application to field data, characteristic records include those for rock salt beds distributed in a sheet form and the folding structure associated with the growth thereof, as acquired in offshore seismic exploration carried out in the eastern part of Gulf of Mexico. The conclusion is that the DFA is a method that can derive a velocity model with required accuracy by using a minimum number of repetition even against relatively complex structures. Particularly, the quick convergence from the initial model with a constant velocity until a certain accuracy is reached is a noteworthy advantage. 3 refs., 6 figs.

In vitro regeneration of some Iranian alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. genotypes via somatic embryogenesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Majid Shokrpour

2014-12-01

Full Text Available An effective in vitro regeneration system is one of the prerequisites for genetic manipulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. varieties and genotypes. In this research, somatic embryogenesis of four alfalfa genotypes, 6-18 (synthetic, 4-14 (Kara Yonje- Karakozlu, 3-27 (Kara Yonje Maraghe and y-6 (Regen-SY, were investigated using leaf and petiole explants. Formation of callus and somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the explant type and interaction of genotype and culture medium. Petiole explants of genotype 4-14 produced the highest yield of callus (0.406 gr fresh weight of callus. Percentage of somatic embryogenesis and the number of embryos per callus in petiole explants of genotype 4-14 was higher than those of other genotypes and explants. In genotype 6-18, the highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis was achieved on MS medium containing 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L kinetin. There was no significant differences between genotypes and explants in terms of embryo conversion to plantlet, and on average, 58% of somatic embryos converted to plantlet on MS medium. The petiole explants of genotype 6-18 did not exhibit somatic embryogenesis response in medium containing low ratio of 2,4-D:Kinetin (5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L kinetin. While, these explants showed somatic embryogenesis in higher ratio of 2,4-D:Kinetin (5:1. The plantlet conversion efficiency of somatic embryos produced through this study was relatively higher and therefore, the method presented in this study could be used in alfalfa genetic manipulation and molecular studies.

Numerical Modelling of Extreme Natural Hazards in the Russian Seas

Science.gov (United States)

Arkhipkin, Victor; Dobrolyubov, Sergey; Korablina, Anastasia; Myslenkov, Stanislav; Surkova, Galina

2017-04-01

Storm surges and extreme waves are severe natural sea hazards. Due to the almost complete lack of natural observations of these phenomena in the Russian seas (Caspian, Black, Azov, Baltic, White, Barents, Okhotsk, Kara), especially about their formation, development and destruction, they have been studied using numerical simulation. To calculate the parameters of wind waves for the seas listed above, except the Barents Sea, the spectral model SWAN was applied. For the Barents and Kara seas we used WAVEWATCH III model. Formation and development of storm surges were studied using ADCIRC model. The input data for models - bottom topography, wind, atmospheric pressure and ice cover. In modeling of surges in the White and Barents seas tidal level fluctuations were used. They have been calculated from 16 harmonic constant obtained from global atlas tides FES2004. Wind, atmospheric pressure and ice cover was taken from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the period from 1948 to 2010, and NCEP/CFSR reanalysis for the period from 1979 to 2015. In modeling we used both regular and unstructured grid. The wave climate of the Caspian, Black, Azov, Baltic and White seas was obtained. Also the extreme wave height possible once in 100 years has been calculated. The statistics of storm surges for the White, Barents and Azov Seas were evaluated. The contribution of wind and atmospheric pressure in the formation of surges was estimated. The technique of climatic forecast frequency of storm synoptic situations was developed and applied for every sea. The research was carried out with financial support of the RFBR (grant 16-08-00829).

Conversion, ecological and social aspects of the research on mineral resources at the Semipalatinsk test site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tukhvatulin, Sh.T.; Belyashova, N.N.; Nedbaev, I.N.

2000-01-01

Despite the history of the Semipalatinsk test site in nuclear weapons testing, this territory is of interest for geologic exploration and utilization of mineral resources. The prospect for minerals on this territory was already known before the beginning of tests. Nowadays several companies work on the territory. Positive experience of using Kara Zhira coal deposit, refinement of local gabbros and stone-cutting plant, and preparation of gold mining at Naimanzhal deposit, allow us to hope that these mineral and raw material resources of the Semipalatinsk test site can become an important economic factor for development of the Eastern Kazakhstan region. (author)

The last Scandinavian ice sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow patterns and decay dynamics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Demidov, L.; Houmark-Nielsen, Michael; Kjær, Kurt Henrik

2006-01-01

in Russia than previously outlined and the time of termination at 18-16 cal. kyr BP was almost 10 kyr delayed compared to the southwestern part of the ice sheet. We argue that the lithology of the ice sheets' substrate, and especially the location of former proglacial lake basins, influenced the dynamics......Advance of the Late Weichselian (Valdaian) Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) in northwestern Russia took place after a period of periglacial conditions. Till of the last SIS, Bobrovo till, overlies glacial deposits from the previous Barents and Kara Sea ice sheets and marine deposits of the Last...

Faults survey by 3D reflection seismics; Sanjigen hanshaho jishin tansa ni yoru danso chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, T; Ejiri, T; Yamada, N; Narita, N; Aso, H; Takano, H; Matsumura, M [Dia Consultants Company, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

This paper describes fault survey by 3D seismic reflection exploration. Survey has been conducted mainly at flat land area without pavement not in urban area in Japan. Subsurface structure is complicated with intersecting multiple faults. In this area, a lot of geological investigations have been done prior to the seismic reflection exploration. Fairly certain images of faults have been obtained. However, there were still unknown structures. Survey was conducted at an area of 170m{times}280m in the CDP range. Measurements were carried out by using 100 g of dynamite per seismic generation point combined with 40 Hz velocity geophones. Fixed distribution consisting of lattice points of 12{times}12 was adopted as an observation method. In and around the lattice, a great number of explosions were carried out. The CDP stacking method and the method of migration after stacking were used for the data processing. The 3D structures of six horizons and five faults could be interpreted. Interpreted horizons were well agreed with the logging results. 3 figs.

Three dimensional wavefield modeling using the pseudospectral method; Pseudospectral ho ni yoru sanjigen hadoba modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Saeki, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

Discussed in this report is a wavefield simulation in the 3-dimensional seismic survey. With the level of the object of exploration growing deeper and the object more complicated in structure, the survey method is now turning 3-dimensional. There are several modelling methods for numerical calculation of 3-dimensional wavefields, such as the difference method, pseudospectral method, and the like, all of which demand an exorbitantly large memory and long calculation time, and are costly. Such methods have of late become feasible, however, thanks to the advent of the parallel computer. As compared with the difference method, the pseudospectral method requires a smaller computer memory and shorter computation time, and is more flexible in accepting models. It outputs the result in fullwave just like the difference method, and does not cause wavefield numerical variance. As the computation platform, the parallel computer nCUBE-2S is used. The object domain is divided into the number of the processors, and each of the processors takes care only of its share so that parallel computation as a whole may realize a very high-speed computation. By the use of the pseudospectral method, a 3-dimensional simulation is completed within a tolerable computation time length. 7 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

3D pre-stack time migration; Kiruhihoffuho ni yoru sanjigen jugo mae jikan migration shori

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakajima, Y; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsuru, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

This paper reports pre-stack migration in elastic wave exploration as to its algorithm and examples of processed data. The time migration processing hypothesizes that seismic waves propagate linearly. It calculates travel time by dividing the sum of the straight distance from a vibration transmitting point to an image point and the straight distance from the image point to a vibration receiving point with RMS velocity given as a parameter. To maintain the relative relation of amplitude sizes, the signal on an elliptic body is made smaller in inverse proportion to the size of that elliptic body. With regard to apparent interval of input trace as seen from the reflection surface, or with regard to density, the signal is made smaller by cos{theta} times. While this program deals with three-dimensional migration, its output turns out as an arbitrary two-dimensional plane. The program requires a huge amount of data processing, whereas a method is used, that the input trace is divided, each group is processed by using separate computers, and the results are summed up. 3 refs., 4 figs.

Solar wheel chair; Solar kurumaisu (iryokei no tachiba kara no kokoromi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okabe, K [Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Gunma (Japan)

1996-10-27

Physically handicapped people due to accidents for example have been increasing yearly in number with the increase of the aged, spread of cars, and change in the living environment. Therefore, participation in society by such people as called the weak is indispensable. Under the circumstances, as a means of their participation, a wheel chair as a moving aid was examined from the viewpoint of medical treatment and classified into three categories as follows: (1) for the use of the aged who are healthy but leg muscles are weak, (2) for the use of the invalid incapable of moving a part of the body and (3) for the use in sports by people who are disabled in the lower half of the body but healthy otherwise. In other words, prototypes were made for three kinds of solar wheel chair, for the aged, for the invalid and for sport use by the disabled, with a field test performed for each prototype. The wheel chairs were exhibited in the school, used in welfare facilities and driven by a disabled person who participated in 100km marathon. The users` opinions were favorable stating they were able to drive by themselves the new vehicle utilizing the clean energy and to move around by their own free will. 6 refs., 5 figs.

Prissy’s Quittin’ Time: The Black Camp Aesthetics of Kara Walker

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephens Brian

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Through a close reading of Walker’s first silhouette instalment-the audaciously titled Gone, An Historical Romance of a Civil War as it Occurred Between the Dusky Thighs of One Young Negress and Her Heart (1994-this article examines how Walker utilises black camp to undermine both white supremacist and restrictive black uplift discourse. To be sure, the article is not an attempt to conflate these two, for the former is powerfully worse than the latter. However, it is necessary to explore how both discourses reinforce essentialist articulations of blackness and also to examine how black camp is a provocative analytic for their simultaneous disruption. Camp is usually understood as a queer-derived cultural practice that inflates identity to expose the constructed nature of gender. However, this article shows that black articulations of camp inflate identity to demonstrate the fiction of race as well.

Sante sexuelle et reproductive des jeunes en milieu scolaire a Kara ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abstinence (93,7%), le moyen de prévention les plus connus du VIH. Conclusion : Les élèves ... ABSTRACT. Early sexuals relations expose youth to the risk of unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted infections including HIV.

Structure and reaction of electrolytic solution. Denkaishitsu yoeki no kozo to hanno

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otaki, H. (Okazaki National Research Inst., Aichi (Japan))

1990-07-05

An electrolytic solution has been recognized as an ion transporting system since the oldest time in the history of electrochemistry, and the chemistry related thereto forms the most basic field of electrochemistry. In this article, the progress of chemistry concerning electrolytic solutions since M. Faraday is briefly stated, and in view of very scanty structural knowledge available on other solutions in comparison with the structure of water on which extensive studies have been made, the respective structures of such non-aqueous solutions as the mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-acetonitrile (AN) and the mixed solvent of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-2,2,2-triphloroethanol (TFE) are studied. In addition, concerning the solvation when ions exist in such a non-aqueous solvent mixed system, the selective solvation of Cu {sup 2+} ions in the DMF-AN and Cu {sup 2+} as well as Cl {sup {minus}} ions in the DMSO-TFE is respectively explained, and the solvent effect, etc. of Cu {sup 2+} ions and Cl {sup {minus}} ions on the complex forming reaction are discussed. 17 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Magnetic structure of Akita-Yakeyama volcano; Akita Yakeyama chiiki no jikiteki kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okuma, S [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-01

Akita-Yakeyama is a Quaternary volcano located in the north-western part of the Sengan geothermal area. Geothermal resource surveys have been performed from the middle of the 1970s in the Sengan geothermal area, and the Sumikawa geothermal power plant started its operation in 1995. By the analysis, the magnetic basement depth became lower in the north of Yakeyama body. However, the distribution including low magnetic anomaly in the south of Yakeyama body could not be explained only by a simple magnetic structure model. In this study, the magnetic anomaly in this area was analyzed in detail, and a construction of the magnetic structure model was intended by taking borehole data into account. The low magnetic intensity zone with low amplitude agreed well with the geothermal alteration zone. The high magnetic intensity zone and the low magnetic intensity zone corresponded with the distributions of volcanic rocks magnetized normally and reversely, respectively. Kakkonda and Matsukawa geothermal power plants were located in the distinct low magnetic intensity zones. There was a low magnetic intensity zone with long wave length over the whole Sengan geothermal area. A high magnetic intensity zone was observed in the northern foot of this area. From the magnetic measurements of borehole sample rocks, this was found to correspond with the newly formed granite body. 9 refs., 4 figs.

Leading research of smart structural system; Chiteki kozo system no sendo kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The technology trend was surveyed to clarify the themes of smart structural system towards its R and D. The smart structural system is a structural system which incorporates functions of perception, judgment and learning by integrating functions, structures and information, to ensure the structural soundness at real time and control the active-adaptive of shapes. The final goal of it is to make materials and structures similar to organic systems. It has a self-repair function which can detect the generation and propagation of cracks and prevent the destruction positively with conducting self-diagnosis. High performance, high efficiency and energy saving are expected by combining the conversion of design concept into destruction control and the regulation of vibration, noise and shape. Especially, it is effective for the safety of aerospace systems, earthquake disaster measures, and extension of machine life. This report describes the background, purpose, R and D activities in Japan and foreign countries, and basic development themes. In addition, it arranges the needs of various industrial fields systematically, and proposes a concrete concept. Furthermore, the effects expected by the application of smart structural systems and the outline of international technical cooperation are presented. 110 refs., 164 figs., 19 tabs.

A 21-Year Record of Arctic Sea Ice Extents and Their Regional, Seasonal, and Monthly Variability and Trends

Science.gov (United States)

Parkinson, Claire L.; Cavalieri, Donald J.; Zukor, Dorothy J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Satellite passive-microwave data have been used to calculate sea ice extents over the period 1979-1999 for the north polar sea ice cover as a whole and for each of nine regions. Over this 21-year time period, the trend in yearly average ice extents for the ice cover as a whole is -32,900 +/- 6,100 sq km/yr (-2.7 +/- 0.5 %/decade), indicating a reduction in sea ice coverage that has decelerated from the earlier reported value of -34,000 +/- 8,300 sq km/yr (-2.8 +/- 0.7 %/decade) for the period 1979-1996. Regionally, the reductions are greatest in the Arctic Ocean, the Kara and Barents Seas, and the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, whereas seasonally, the reductions are greatest in summer, for which season the 1979-1999 trend in ice extents is -41,600 +/- 12,900 sq km/ yr (-4.9 +/- 1.5 %/decade). On a monthly basis, the reductions are greatest in July and September for the north polar ice cover as a whole, in September for the Arctic Ocean, in June and July for the Kara and Barents Seas, and in April for the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan. Only two of the nine regions show overall ice extent increases, those being the Bering Sea and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.For neither of these two regions is the increase statistically significant, whereas the 1079 - 1999 ice extent decreases are statistically significant at the 99% confidence level for the north polar region as a whole, the Arctic Ocean, the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, and Hudson Bay.

Walking by Ourselves with our Toes: An Exploration of Soul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kara ARVIKO

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Much of our time as professionals involves a focus on rational thought: completing administrative tasks, setting course outcomes, planning lessons, marking assignments and evaluating tasks. As Thomas Moore reminds us in his paper Educating the Soul, todays emphasis on mind has resulted in a neglect of the soul (as cited in Miller, Karsten, Denton, Orr, & Colalillo Kates, 2005, p. 9. In this article, Kara Arviko sets out to explore what it means to discover and nourish the soul, and to identify how that discovery impacts her interactions with and understanding of her students. She concludes it is a journey worth taking.

An Optimization Approach for Hazardous Waste Management Problem under Stochastic Programming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abass, S.A.; Abdallah, A.S.; Gomaa, M.A.

2008-01-01

Hazardous waste is the waste which, due to their nature and quantity, is potentially hazardous to human health and/or the environment. This kind of waste requires special disposal techniques to eliminate or reduce thc hazardous. Hazardous waste management (HWM) problem is concerned in the basic with the disposal method. hi this paper we focus on incineration as an effective to dispose the waste. For this type of disposal, there arc air pollution standards imposed by the government. We will propose an optimization model satisfied the air pollution standards and based on the model of Emek and Kara with using random variable coefficients in the constraint

Methodology and techniques of early detection anomalies 85Kr and 3H in near bottom layer of sea water by water infiltration in spent nuclear fuel in dumpsites of the ship and submarine reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soyfer, V.N.; Goryachev, V.A.; Andreev, D.V.; Barabanov, I.R.; Yanovich, E.A.

2004-01-01

Assessment of the future radioactive environmental contamination threat by releases from the dumped submarine and ship reactors with spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is a project goal. The methodology of search and detection of traces of noble gases ( 85 Kr, 222 Rn) and 3 H (which leaking the first from the SNF) on them plume on a bottom in dumpsites of ship nuclear reactors is advanced. Investigation of releases from the dumped ship reactors with SNF of icebreaker enin in Kara Sea is launched (September 2003). Research has multi-plane character: experiments with SNF, creation of techniques and expeditions. Preliminary observation of current field and hydrological characteristics in zone of marked dumpsites on the shelf has been fulfilled. For an estimation of a gas fission products release (including Kr-85) from the irradiated fuel during the corrosion in conditions a near-bottom layer of the sea in Arctic the special installation has been created in the RRC 'Kurchatov Institute' hot laboratory. Then the following experiment (modeling the conditions a near-bottom layer of the sea in Arctic) was made: First, samples of irradiated VVER-1000 type reactor fuel (UO 2 ) are loaded into capsules filled with pure sea water or sea water with the silt sampled in Kara Sea. The fuel samples have been selected due to similarity of its burnup level (62 MWd/kg) and other parameters to the one of icebreaker 'Lenin' reactor, that had been buried (1965) in Kara sea. The average sample activity was about 1 GBq for 137 Cs. Second, the capsules and the vacuum system are pumped out and checked on tightness by the helium leak tester. Then capsules are filled with the artificial gas mixture without traces of 85 Kr. Temperature of capsules are maintained in a range 0;1 deg C. Each 1-2 month gas samples are taken from the capsules into the previously pumped out flask, then capsules are refilled by the gas mixture. The measurements of 85 Kr concentration in the samples are carried out on low

Three-dimensional TDEM modeling using finite-difference method; Sabunho ni yoru TDEM ho no sanjigen modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noguchi, K; Endo, M [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan). School of Science and Engineering

1997-10-22

Study is made on the theory of three-dimensional modelling of TDEM (Time Domain Electromagnetic) method based on the theory of Wang and Hohmann. A difference scheme is built and investigation is conducted about calculation accuracy with attention paid especially to space and time division, and the obtained optimum value is compared with the analytical solution for a homogeneous medium. As the result, it becomes possible to have a high-accuracy TDEM response thanks to the obtained optimum parameter. In an example, a response is determined in the case of a high-resistivity body in presence near the ground surface. Calculation is performed under the given conditions of a medium 100 ohm/m in resistivity, anomalous bodies 200, 500, 1000, 2000,5000, and 10,000 ohm/m in resistivity, respectively, and a distance in the direction of depth of 20m. The result indicates that it is possible to estimate the effect of the ground surface terrain on a TDEM response. Since the effect of the ground surface terrain emerges at the initial part of a response, it is inferred that consideration of terrain is mandatory in building a model if it is for interpreting the subsurface structure in detail. 5 refs., 7 figs.

Development of three-dimensional pipe bending technology; Pipe zai no sanjigen mage kako gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeuchi, K; Takeda, S [Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd., Aichi (Japan)

1997-10-01

Recently, automotive parts uses move resin products or pipe-like products in order to achieve high quality or light weight. Additionally, the shape of automotive parts becomes more complicated. The rotary stretch bending method, although it is most popular method of bending a pipe, has some problems, such as a bending radius is limited due to use of bending mold, a thickness of an outer side of a bending portion is thinner, and a product is scratched easily during manufacturing. We have developed a three dimensional pipe bending process using a floating expanding plug and confirmed that this method can solve the above problems. 2 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

The Nishino Breathing Method and Ki-energy (Life-energy): A Challenge to Traditional Scientific Thinking

Science.gov (United States)

Ohnishi, S. Tsuyoshi; Ohnishi, Tomoko

2006-01-01

The breathing method, which was developed and is being taught by Kozo Nishino, a Japanese Ki-expert, is for raising the levels of Ki-energy (life-energy or the vitality) of an individual. It is neither a therapy nor a healing technique. However, many of his students have experienced an improvement in their health, and in some cases, they were able to overcome health problems by themselves. Since this is an interesting subject from the standpoint of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), we have been collaborating with Nishino to conduct a scientific investigation of his Ki-energy. We found that Nishino's Ki-energy can inhibit cell division of cancer cells, protect isolated mitochondria from heat deterioration and reduce lipid peroxidation in heat-treated mitochondria. Although Ki-energy may consist of several different energy forms, we found that at least one of them is near-infrared radiation between the wavelength range of 0.8 and 2.7 µm. Another interesting observation at his school is the Taiki-practice (paired Ki-practice). During this practice, Nishino can ‘move’ his students without any physical contact. Many of them run, jump or roll on the floor when they receive his Ki-energy. We studied this and propose that ‘information’ is conveyed through the air between two individuals by Ki-energy. This may be called a five sense-independent, life-to-life communication by Ki. All of our results suggest that we should re-evaluate the Cartesian dualism (separation of mind and body) which has been a fundamental principle of modern science for the past three centuries. PMID:16786048

The Nishino Breathing Method and Ki-energy (Life-energy: A Challenge to Traditional Scientific Thinking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsuyoshi Ohnishi

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The breathing method, which was developed and is being taught by Kozo Nishino, a Japanese Ki-expert, is for raising the levels of Ki-energy (life-energy or the vitality of an individual. It is neither a therapy nor a healing technique. However, many of his students have experienced an improvement in their health, and in some cases, they were able to overcome health problems by themselves. Since this is an interesting subject from the standpoint of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM, we have been collaborating with Nishino to conduct a scientific investigation of his Ki-energy. We found that Nishino's Ki-energy can inhibit cell division of cancer cells, protect isolated mitochondria from heat deterioration and reduce lipid peroxidation in heat-treated mitochondria. Although Ki-energy may consist of several different energy forms, we found that at least one of them is near-infrared radiation between the wavelength range of 0.8 and 2.7 µm. Another interesting observation at his school is the Taiki-practice (paired Ki-practice. During this practice, Nishino can ‘move’ his students without any physical contact. Many of them run, jump or roll on the floor when they receive his Ki-energy. We studied this and propose that ‘information’ is conveyed through the air between two individuals by Ki-energy. This may be called a five sense-independent, life-to-life communication by Ki. All of our results suggest that we should re-evaluate the Cartesian dualism (separation of mind and body which has been a fundamental principle of modern science for the past three centuries.

The Rapid Arctic Warming and Its Impact on East Asian Winter Weather in Recent Decade

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, S. J.; Kim, B. M.; Kim, J. H.

2015-12-01

The Arctic is warming much more rapidly than the lower latitudes. In contrast to the rapid Arctic warming, in winters of the recent decade, the cold-air outbreaks over East Asia occur more frequently and stronger than in 1990s. By accompanying the snow over East Asia, the strong cold surges have led to a severe socio-economic impact. Such severe cold surges in recent decade over east Asia is consistent with the more dominant negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), that may be attributed by the Arctic amplification. In both observation-based reanalysis and numerical model experiments, the Arctic sea ice melting leads to the weakening of the AO polarity by reducing the meridional temperature gradient through a heat flux feedback. The Arctic warming and associated sea ice melting over the Kara-Barents area in late fall and early winter first release a lot of heat to the atmosphere from the ocean by a strong contrast in temperature and moisture and higher height anomaly is developed over the Kara/Barents and the Ural mountains The anomalous anticyclonic anomaly over the Arctic strengthen the Siberian High and at the same time the east Asian trough is developed over the western coast of the North Pacific. Through the passage between the margin of the Siberian High and east Asian tough, an extremely cold air is transported from east Siberia to east Asia for sometimes more than a week. Such a severe sold air brings about the moisture from nearby ocean, largely influencing the daily lives and economy in north East China, Korea, and Japan. The recent Arctic and associated sea ice melting is not only contributed to the local climate and weather, but also a severe weather in mid-latitudes through a modulation in polar vortex.

Aerial gamma ray and magnetic survey: Powder River II Project, Gillette Quadrangle, Wyoming. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-04-01

The Gillette quadrangle in northeastern Wyoming and western South Dakota contains approximately equal portions of the Powder River Basin and the Black Hills Uplift. In these two structures, a relatively thick sequence of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata represent nearly continuous deposition over the Precambrian basement complex. The Powder River Basin also contains a thick sequence of early Tertiary rocks which cover about 50% of the surface. A stratigraphic sequence from Upper Cretaceous to Precambrian is exposed in the Black Hills Uplift to the east. Magnetic data apparently illustrate the relative depth to the Precambrian crystalline rocks, but only weakly define the boundary between the Powder River Basin and the Black Hills Uplift. The positions of some small isolated Tertiary intrusive bodies in the Black Hills Uplift are relatively well expressed. The Gillette quadrangle has been productive in terms of uranium mining, but its current status is uncertain. The producing uranium deposits occur within the Lower Cretaceous Inyan Kara Group and the Jurassic Morrison Formation in the Black Hills Uplift. Other prospects occur within the Tertiary Wasatch and Fort Union Formations in the Pumpkin Buttes - Turnercrest district, where it extends into the quadrangle from the Newcastle quadrangle to the south. These four formations, all predominantly nonmarine, contain all known uranium deposits in the Gillette quadrangle. A total of 108 groups of sample responses in the uranium window constitute anomalies as defined in Volume I. The anomalies are most frequently found in the Inyan Kara-Morrison, Wasatch and Fort Union Formations. Many anomalies occur over known mines or prospects. Others may result from unmapped uranium mines or areas where material other than uranium is mined. The remainder may relate to natural geologic features

Pore Pressure and Field stress variation from Salt Water Injection; A case Study from Beaver Lodge Field in Williston Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammed, R. A.; Khatibi, S.

2017-12-01

One of the major concerns in producing from oil and gas reservoirs in North American Basins is the disposal of high salinity salt water. It is a misconception that Hydro frack triggers Earthquakes, but due to the high salinity and density of water being pumped to the formation that has pore space of the rock already filled, which is not the case in Hydro-frack or Enhanced Oil Recovery in which fracturing fluid is pumped into empty pore space of rocks in depleted reservoirs. A review on the Bakken history showed that the concerns related to induce seismicity has increased over time due to variations in Pore pressure and In-situ stress that have shown steep changes in the region over the time. In this study, we focused on Pore pressure and field Stress variations in lower Cretaceous Inyan Kara and Mississippian Devonian Bakken, Inyan Kara is the major source for class-II salt-water disposal in the basin. Salt-water disposal is the major cause for induced seismicity. A full field study was done on Beaver Lodge Field, which has many salt-water disposal wells Adjacent to Oil and Gas Wells. We analyzed formation properties, stresses, pore-pressure, and fracture gradient profile in the field and. The constructed Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) revealed changes in pore pressure and stresses over time due to saltwater injection. Well drilled in the past were compared to recently drilled wells, which showed much stress variations. Safe mud weight Window of wells near proximity of injection wells was examined which showed many cases of wellbore instabilities. Results of this study will have tremendous impact in studying environmental issues and the future drilling and Fracking operations.

Adaptive strategies and life history characteristics in a warming climate: salmon in the Arctic?

Science.gov (United States)

Nielsen, Jennifer L.; Ruggerone, Gregory T.; Zimmerman, Christian E.

2013-01-01

In the warming Arctic, aquatic habitats are in flux and salmon are exploring their options. Adult Pacific salmon, including sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), coho (O. kisutch), Chinook (O. tshawytscha), pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) have been captured throughout the Arctic. Pink and chum salmon are the most common species found in the Arctic today. These species are less dependent on freshwater habitats as juveniles and grow quickly in marine habitats. Putative spawning populations are rare in the North American Arctic and limited to pink salmon in drainages north of Point Hope, Alaska, chum salmon spawning rivers draining to the northwestern Beaufort Sea, and small populations of chum and pink salmon in Canada’s Mackenzie River. Pacific salmon have colonized several large river basins draining to the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas in the Russian Arctic. These populations probably developed from hatchery supplementation efforts in the 1960’s. Hundreds of populations of Arctic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are found in Russia, Norway and Finland. Atlantic salmon have extended their range eastward as far as the Kara Sea in central Russian. A small native population of Atlantic salmon is found in Canada’s Ungava Bay. The northern tip of Quebec seems to be an Atlantic salmon migration barrier for other North American stocks. Compatibility between life history requirements and ecological conditions are prerequisite for salmon colonizing Arctic habitats. Broad-scale predictive models of climate change in the Arctic give little information about feedback processes contributing to local conditions, especially in freshwater systems. This paper reviews the recent history of salmon in the Arctic and explores various patterns of climate change that may influence range expansions and future sustainability of salmon in Arctic habitats. A summary of the research needs that will allow informed expectation of further Arctic colonization by salmon is given.

Consideration on the dynamic behavior and the structural design of large scale floating structure. 2nd Report. Stability of elastic structure and design of elastic response; Choogata futai no kozo kyodo oyobi kozo sekkei ni kansuru kosatsu. 2. Dansei henkei wo koryoshita fukugensei oyobi kozo oto no sekkei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, H.; Yoshida, K. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-12-31

A policy of improving a very large floating body was planned based on its dynamic characteristics, and a proposal was made thereon. Furthermore, discussions were given on stability that considers effect of elastic deformation required when a structure is mounted on a floating body. With respect to a structural design of a very large floating body in which elastic response is governing, and upon modeling the very large floating body into an aeolotropic plate on an elastic supporting floor, it was shown that the existing range of natural vibration speed in the elastic response is in higher range than the natural vibration speed of heave. It was also indicated that the peak height of response to waves in resonance is inversely proportional to wave frequency, and furthermore, degree of flowing in of vibration energy during the resonance is determined by an inner product of spatial vibration patterns of wave force and the excited mode shape. A proposal was made on a floating body improved of excessive response in the floating body edges by changing the characteristics of the floating body edges. In addition, discussions were given on stability that considers elastic deformation of a floating body that becomes necessary when a structure, such as a building, is built on a very large floating body. 9 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Consideration on the dynamic behavior and the structural design of large scale floating structure. 2nd Report. Stability of elastic structure and design of elastic response; Choogata futai no kozo kyodo oyobi kozo sekkei ni kansuru kosatsu. 2. Dansei henkei wo koryoshita fukugensei oyobi kozo oto no sekkei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, H; Yoshida, K [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-31

A policy of improving a very large floating body was planned based on its dynamic characteristics, and a proposal was made thereon. Furthermore, discussions were given on stability that considers effect of elastic deformation required when a structure is mounted on a floating body. With respect to a structural design of a very large floating body in which elastic response is governing, and upon modeling the very large floating body into an aeolotropic plate on an elastic supporting floor, it was shown that the existing range of natural vibration speed in the elastic response is in higher range than the natural vibration speed of heave. It was also indicated that the peak height of response to waves in resonance is inversely proportional to wave frequency, and furthermore, degree of flowing in of vibration energy during the resonance is determined by an inner product of spatial vibration patterns of wave force and the excited mode shape. A proposal was made on a floating body improved of excessive response in the floating body edges by changing the characteristics of the floating body edges. In addition, discussions were given on stability that considers elastic deformation of a floating body that becomes necessary when a structure, such as a building, is built on a very large floating body. 9 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

SIĞIR AYAKLARININ POSTMORTEM MAKROSKOPİK VE HİSTOPATOLOJİK OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

OpenAIRE

ÖZSOY, Serhat; ÖZER, Kürşat; ARUN, Seçkin

2018-01-01

ÖzetÖzel bir mezbahadan elde edilen 112 sığıra ait 448 ayağın tırnaklan, makroskopik ve histopatolojik olarak incelendi.Değerlendirilen ayakların 110'u Holstayn, 1'i Simental, 1'i Yerli Kara ırkına ait idi. Bunlardan 89'u erkek, 23'ü dişiydi. Ayakların makroskopik incelemesi sonucunda 38 olguda taban-ökçe çürüğü, 22 olguda taban çürüğü, 29 olguda ökçe çürüğü, 30 olguda kronik-subklinik laminitis, 12 olguda beyaz çizgi ayrılması, 4 olguda interdigital panarisyurn, 6 ol...

Larinks kanserli hastalarda serum CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA ve kombine tümör marker seviyelerinin karşılaştırılması ve prognostik değerleri

OpenAIRE

Altaş, Enver; Kızıltunç, Ahmet; Karaşen, R.Murat; Öztürk, Aziz; Sütbeyaz, Yavuz; Gündoğdu, Cemal

2009-01-01

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 1997 Haziran; 4(3) Larinks kanserli hastalarda serum CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA ve kombine tümör marker seviyelerinin karşılaştırılması ve prognostik değerleri Enver Altaş Ahmet Kızıltunç R. Murat Karaşen Aziz Öztürk Yavuz Sütbeyaz Cemal Gündoğdu ÖzetLarinks kanserli hastaların tedavi etkinliklerinin takibinde çeşitli klinik ve laboratuvar tetkikleri kullanılmaktadır. Tümör markerleri de bu tetkiklerden birisidir. Ancak, CA 19-9 (Carbohydr...

Panorama 2016 - New conventional oil and gas discoveries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hureau, Geoffroy; Vially, Roland

2015-12-01

Following a decline in 2014, spending on exploration is expected to drop by more than 20% in 2015, a clear shift from the consistently upward trend observed for over ten years, with the exception of a slight dip in 2009 and 2010. On the other hand, there is no expectation that the downward trend in volumes discovered will reverse itself, having fallen every year for the past five years despite a sharp rise in exploration budgets between 2010 and 2014. Notwithstanding, this overall decline in exploration performance worldwide has been accompanied by some spectacular successes, such as the two massive Pobeda discoveries in the Kara Sea in 2014, and the 2015 Zohr discovery in Egyptian offshore waters. (authors)

Carboniferous Granitoid Magmatism of Northern Taimyr: Results of Isotopic-Geochemical Study and Geodynamic Interpretation

Science.gov (United States)

Kurapov, M. Yu.; Ershova, V. B.; Makariev, A. A.; Makarieva, E. V.; Khudoley, A. K.; Luchitskaya, M. V.; Prokopiev, A. V.

2018-03-01

Data on the petrography, geochemistry, and isotopic geochronology of granites from the northern part of the Taimyr Peninsula are considered. The Early-Middle Carboniferous age of these rocks has been established (U-Pb, SIMS). Judging by the results of 40Ar/39Ar dating, the rocks underwent metamorphism in the Middle Permian. In geochemical and isotopic composition, the granitic rocks have much in common with evolved I-type granites. This makes it possible to specify a suprasubduction marginal continental formation setting. The existence of an active Carboniferous margin along the southern edge of the Kara Block (in presentday coordinates) corroborates the close relationship of the studied region with the continent of Baltia.

Hybrid structure in civil engineering construction.; Doboku bun`ya ni okeru fukugo kozo.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ikeda, S. [Yokohama National Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-03-30

The structure of steel-concrete hybrid structure which is recently attracting attention is outlined quoting some examples. The effects of steel-concrete hybrid structure are classified according to the characteristics. The Normandie Bridge completed in January this year near the mouth of the Seine River in France is a cable stayed bridge with the world largest span, and it has a hybrid structure of ingeniously combined steel and concrete. The Dole Bridge in France is a hybrid bridge with 7 continuous spans having steel corrugated sheets in the web. Hybrid structure has come to be applied to many structures other than the superstructure works of bridges. The substructures of bridges are applied to immersed tunnels, and the usefulness has come to be recognized widely. The features of hybrid structure can contribute well to the reinforcement of existing structures. In addition, adoption of hybrid structure has been studied as the best method for repairing and reinforcing structures damaged by earthquakes. 8 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

PREFACE: MEM07: The 5th Annual Workshop on Mechanical and Electromagnetic Properties of Composite Superconductors (Princeton, NJ, USA, 21 24 August 2007)

Science.gov (United States)

Larbalestier, D. C.; Osamura, K.; Hampshire, D. P.

2008-05-01

-up is a second vital task. As system design is dependent on material development, there is a critical need to study the key issues in developing high performance superconducting materials. The emphases of MEM07 were The mechanical properties of superconductors including the influence of stress and strain on the critical current of practical conductors including YBCO and ReBCO coated conductors, BSCCO tapes, MgB2 wires and Nb3Sn filamentary conductors. The intrinsic strain effects on critical current density in Nb3Sn, YBCO, BSCCO and MgB2. Recent advances in critical current, the mechanical properties and the reduction in ac losses of HTS tapes and wires. The compositional and microstructural dependence of E-J characteristics and explanations based on flux pinning, grain boundary weak-links and other mechanisms. Standardized test-methods: international cooperative research work to establish test methods for assessing the mechano-electromagnetic properties of superconductors based on the activities of IEC/TC90 and VAMAS/TWA-16. More than 60 researchers from more than 12 countries attended the MEM07 workshop, and about 40 presentations were made. A small selection of papers (15) from the workshop are included in this special issue of Superconductor Science and Technology. Taken together with papers published at earlier MEM meetings, this issue provides an updated view of some of the current state-of-the-art research in the mechano-electromagnetic properties of composite superconductors. The workshop was organized under the activities of the NEDO Grant Project (Applied Superconductivity, 2004EA004) and VAMAS/TWA-16. The meeting was organized by a committee composed of David Larbalestier (Conference Chair) aided by MEM05 and MEM06 Conference Chairs Kozo Osamura (Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Kyoto, Japan), Damian Hampshire (Durham University, UK) and Arman Nyilas (CEME). The Program Committee was composed of Ettore Salpietro (European Fusion Development Agreement

3-D modeling of surface, borehole, and airborne EM methods; Chijo konai kuchu denjiho no sanjigen modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, Y [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-10-22

Three-dimensional modelling methods using the difference method and finite element method are applied to the simulations respectively of the surface electromagnetic method, borehole electromagnetic method, and airborne electromagnetic method, and they are compared with each other in point of accuracy and practicality. The object of calculation in this study is a 3-D model which is a semi-finite medium 100 ohm/m in resistivity that contains a rectangular parallelopiped 1 ohm/m in resistivity. A vertical magnetic dipole is installed on the surface in the surface electromagnetic method, providing a vertical magnetic field on the surface. In the borehole electromagnetic method, a vertical magnetic dipole is placed in a borehole and the resultant vertical magnetic field is measured at a station in another borehole. In the airborne electromagnetic method, the flight level is 20m high and the distance between the source and the receiving point is 10m. The results of calculation all agree well with the results of calculation previously made known. When the difference method and finite element method are compared, it is found that the finite element method requires calculation time and memory capacity two to three times more than the difference method. 5 refs., 9 figs.

3D seismic experiment in difficult area in Japan; Kokunai nanchiiki ni okeru sanjigen jishin tansa jikken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minegishi, M; Nakagami, K; Tanaka, H [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

Difficult area in this context means an exploration-difficult area supposed to store oil/gas but retarded in exploration for the lack of knowledge about the geological structure due to poor quality of available seismic survey records. Discussed in this paper is a survey conducted into an area covering the southern part of Noshiro-shi, Akita-ken, and Yamamoto-cho, Yamamoto-gun, Akita-ken. An area size suitable for data collection at a target depth of 2500m is determined using an interpretation structure compiled on the basis of available well data and 2D seismic survey data. The plan for siting shock points and receiving points is modified case by case as restrictive factors come to the surface (resulting from the complicated hilly terrain, presence of pipes for agricultural water, etc.). The peculiarities of seismic waves in the terrain are studied through the interpretation of the available well data and 2D seismic survey data for the construction of a 3D velocity model for the confirmation of the appropriateness of the plan for siting shock points and receiving points. Efforts are exerted through enhanced coordination with the contractor to acquire data so that a technologically best design may be won within the limits of the budget. The quality of the data obtained from this experiment is in general better than those obtained from previous experiments, yet many problems remain to be settled in future studies about exploration-difficult areas. 4 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus): A literature survey and status report

Science.gov (United States)

Reeves, Randall R.

1978-01-01

It is generally agreed that the genus Odobenus includes only one species, O. rosmarus. At least two subspecies are widely recognized: O. r. rosmarus, the Atlantic walrus, and O. r. divergens, the Pacific walrus. A third nominal subspecies, O. r. laptevi, the Laptev walrus, is designated by some Soviet researchers; and the taxonomic status of the Kara Sea walrus is undetermined. The range and abundance of nearly all walrus stocks have been seriously reduced by intensive human exploitation.The Atlantic walrus, the principal subject of this study, remains plentiful in only three known areas of concentration: northern Hudson Bay and northern Foxe Basin in the eastern Canadian Arctic, and the Thule district of northwest Greenland. This animal is no longer the object of large-scale commercial hunting, but is still subject to heavy subsistence hunting by native groups in some areas.The status of the walrus population in Canada was investigated in the 1950's and is believed to have changed little since that time. There are probably no more than about 10,000 walruses in Canadian waters, virtually all of them in the eastern arctic. The biology, ecology, and exploitation of walruses in the Thule district were studied during the 1940's, and some information is available concerning recent catch levels and hunting practices. The Polar Eskimos of north Greenland continue to organize much of their cultural and economic life around the hunting of walruses, and the species remains abundant in their area, numbering at least a few thousand. The walrus stocks off west Greenland and in the Greenland, Barents, and Kara seas are the most critically depleted. No systematic field investigations of walruses east of Greenland have been made since the Kara Sea and Franz Josef Land populations were studied in the mid-1930's. Opportunistic sighting records and compilations of historical catch information indicate that the herds of many tens of thousands that once inhabited Svalbard, Bear Island

National uranium resource evaluation, Rapid City Quadrangle, South Dakota

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanna, R.F.; Milton, E.J.

1982-04-01

The Rapid City (1 0 x 2 0 ) Quadrangle, South Dakota, was evaluated for environments favorble for uranium deposits to a depth of 1500 m. Criteria used were those of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation. Field reconnaissance involved the use of hand-held scintillometers to investigate uranium occurrences reported in the literature and anomalies in aerial radiometric surveys, and geochemical samples of stream sediments and well waters. Gamma-ray logs were used to define the favorable environments in the subsurface. Environments favorable for sandstone-type uranium deposits occur in the Inyan Kara Group, the Fox Hills Sandstone, and the Hell Creek Formation. Environments considered unfavorable for uranium deposits include all Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary rocks other than those identified as favorable

MISIR ÇEŞİTLERİNDE FARKLI VİGOR TESTLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

OpenAIRE

TEZCAN, Hatice

2008-01-01

Arastırma laboratuar ve tarla kosulları olmak üzere iki asamada 2007-2008 yıllarındayürütülmüstür. Denemede materyal olarak; ülkemizde üretimi yapılan Karaçay, Side,Maverik, Mitic, Bora, Sele, Shemal, RX 770 ve RX 9292 at disi mısır çesitlerikullanılmıstır.Laboratuar asamasında, mısır çesitlerine standart çimlenme testi ve soguk test,kompleks stres vigor testi, çim büyüme oran testi ve iletkenlik testi olmak üzere dörtfarklı vigor testi uygulanmıstır. Tarla denemesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraa...

Plutonium in algae, sediments and biota in the Barents, Pechora and Kara seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rissanen, Kristina; Ikauheimonen, Tarja K; Ylipieti, Jarkko; Matishov, Dmitri G; Matishov, Gennady G

2000-01-01

The 239,240 Pu concentrations measured in the sediment, macro algae and benthic fauna were very low in the Russian Arctic seas, and in fish, seabirds and seals usually below the detection limit. The 238 Pu/ 239,240 Pu ratios suggest that global fallout is the main source of the plutonium. Fallout level Pu isotope ratios, 0.02 - 0.04, were also found in surface vegetation and soil samples from fifteen locations covering Svalbard, Franz Joseph Land Archipelago, coastal areas and islands of the Barents, Pechora and White seas, including the southern coast of Novaya Zemlya, Kola Bay and the River Yenisey estuary. The areal 239,240 Pu concentrations of the terrestrial sampling plots varied from 9 to 32Bq/m 2 . Significantly enhanced 238 Pu/ 239,240 Pu ratios of 0.10 - 0.18 were detected only in the Kola Bay in sediment layers outside and to the south of the Atomflot civilian nuclear ice-breaker base. The enhanced isotope ratios in this section of the Kola Bay were verified by triplicate determinations. The highest ratios were found at a depth 6-7.5 cm, and not in the surface sediment layers, indicating a larger previous release. Plutonium is not concentrated in the marine foodchains. Accumulation of 239,240 Pu was detected in some species of benthic fauna; in molluscs mainly in the shells compared to the soft edible parts of the specimen. Plutonium was not detected higher in the marine food-chain. The 239,240 Pu concentrations measured in the bones and soft tissues of commercial fish species, sea birds and seals were below the detection limit. (author)

Structure analysis of ultra-thin films. STM/AFM. Chousumaku no kozo kaiseki. STM/AFM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nozoe, H; Yumura, M [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-03-30

Fullerene (C60) and carbon nanotubes are expected as new carbon structures. This article describes the observation results of C60 and carbon nanotubes by means of STM (scanning tunnel microscope). The STM images of C60 thin films are illustrated, which have been obtained by annealing at 290 centigrade. It was confirmed that C60 monomolecular thin films are formed which conform to the substrate and have high regularity. The step height of C60 monomolecular thin films coincided with the step height of Cu (111) plane, which suggested that the step of films is reflected in that of Cu substrate. For the STM images under bias voltages, various images of C60 with three-fold axis of symmetry were observed. On the other hand, from STM observation of carbon nanotubes with diameter of about 30 nm which were separated and purified from the cathode deposits during the preparation process of C60, it was found that they have concentric multilayer structure. 18 refs., 7 figs.

Dissipative structure of mechanically stimulated reaction; Kikaiteki reiki hanno ni okeru san`itsu kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hida, M. [Okayama Univ., Okayama (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-20

Recently various studies have been conducted concerning the state changes of materials obtained through mechanical alloying (MA) or mechano-chemical (MC) processing. What is noticeable is the quasi-steady state of almost all the materials obtained through various processes including MA and MC, and that the super cooling, supersaturating and high residue distortion realized under unbalanced conditions have not been clarified. In other words, the tracing capability to the external binding conditions is low. In this report, the appearance of the high temperature phase and high pressure phase obtained through MA or MC processing, the forming of amorphous, the mesomerism of the amorphous materials, the interesting phenomena generated by combination between the mechanical disturbance and chemical reactions were discussed with concrete examples, and a steady dissipative organization theory was approached from the viewpoint of dissipative structure development which is equal to the forming process of the quasi-steady phase. 34 refs., 2 figs.

High resolution resistivity profiling using STRATAGEM system; Stratagem wo mochiita kobunkainohi teiko kozo tansarei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamane, K; Inoue, J; Takasugi, S [GERD Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Inazaki, T [Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-05-27

A tensor type CSMT method (STRATAGEM) was introduced for the purpose of investigating shallow subsurface, and a field test has been carried out thereon. This system consists of a transmission section, and a sensor section and a data acquisition and processing section to observe waveforms in a responsive electromagnetic field. The signal source is a semi-circular air loop with a radius of a little smaller than 2 m. The measuring points were selected at locations about 200 m apart from the signal source to measure two electric field components and two magnetic field components by using sensors installed on the ground surface. The field test was performed at the Yutsubo area in Oita Prefecture, Japan. The electric field dipole is basically 5 m long, while S and E lines are 10 m long. The measurement frequency ranges from 96 kHz to 1000 kHz. The measurement time was about five minutes, and the whole measurement work including apparatus set-up and withdrawal was completed in about 15 minutes to minimize interference with the field which is a meadow. The field test result revealed that resistivity profile in shallow subsurface can be obtained much more easily than with the conventional CSMT method. 2 refs., 10 figs.

Neutron activation and radiometric investigation of Kazakhstan soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gwozdz, R.; Popov, J.V.; Shishkov, I.A.; Poznyak, V.; Solodukhin, V.P.

2001-01-01

Full text: Great diversity of radio-ecological problems requires measurement of materials with vastly differing chemical composition and density, and varying volume. In case of gamma spectrometry such variation in composition, density and volume changes the response of a measuring system quite drastically. A necessary correction is usually achieved by applying one of the four correction methods. The first one is applying a standard with composition as close to the measured sample as possible. The second method needs some previous knowledge about the chemical composition of the sample and a subsequent calculation of the mass absorption coefficient. The third method, an intensity ratio of two gamma lines, can only be applied when an isotope in the investigated sample has two measurable gamma lines. The fourth method consists in an additional gamma transmission measurement, using an isotopic source. Application of the first two methods to samples collected in Kazakhstan is evaluated and the results achieved are described. Instrumental neutron activation analysis by either long, or short irradiation was applied to three groups of samples. The first 15 samples were from the Semipalatinsk area, the next 15 from the area north for the Kara-Tau range. The third group of 5 samples was from the Syr-Darya valley. The Kara-Tau and Syr-Darya samples originate from the area adjacent to an uranium mining site. Only two samples are collected at cultivated soil, all the other are collected at the steppe or semi-desert areas, In the additional group measured there were ten sub-samples of the environmental soil standard, prepared at the Institute of Nuclear Physics. Activation analysis was applied as well to Soil-6 and Soil IAEA-375, two reference materials distributed by IAEA. Determination of concentration of about 40 elements in very sample enabled computation of mass absorption coefficients for all the investigated samples. Results of calculation and experimental testing prove

Selected physical, biological and biogeochemical implications of a rapidly changing Arctic Marginal Ice Zone

Science.gov (United States)

Barber, David G.; Hop, Haakon; Mundy, Christopher J.; Else, Brent; Dmitrenko, Igor A.; Tremblay, Jean-Eric; Ehn, Jens K.; Assmy, Philipp; Daase, Malin; Candlish, Lauren M.; Rysgaard, Søren

2015-12-01

The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly due to a warming Arctic climate with commensurate reductions in sea ice extent and thickness. This Pan-Arctic review summarizes the main changes in the Arctic ocean-sea ice-atmosphere (OSA) interface, with implications for primary- and secondary producers in the ice and the underlying water column. Changes in the Arctic MIZ were interpreted for the period 1979-2010, based on best-fit regressions for each month. Trends of increasingly open water were statistically significant for each month, with quadratic fit for August-November, illustrating particularly strong seasonal feedbacks in sea-ice formation and decay. Geographic interpretations of physical and biological changes were based on comparison of regions with significant changes in sea ice: (1) The Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean including the Canada Basin and the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian seas; (2) The Canadian Arctic Archipelago; (3) Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay; and (4) the Barents and Kara seas. Changes in ice conditions in the Barents sea/Kara sea region appear to be primarily forced by ocean heat fluxes during winter, whereas changes in the other sectors appear to be more summer-autumn related and primarily atmospherically forced. Effects of seasonal and regional changes in OSA-system with regard to increased open water were summarized for photosynthetically available radiation, nutrient delivery to the euphotic zone, primary production of ice algae and phytoplankton, ice-associated fauna and zooplankton, and gas exchange of CO2. Changes in the physical factors varied amongst regions, and showed direct effects on organisms linked to sea ice. Zooplankton species appear to be more flexible and likely able to adapt to variability in the onset of primary production. The major changes identified for the ice-associated ecosystem are with regard to production timing and abundance or biomass of ice flora and fauna, which are related to

Anthropogenic radionuclides in the Arctic Ocean. Distribution and pathways

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Josefsson, Dan

1998-05-01

Anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations have been determined in seawater and sediment samples collected in 1991, 1994 and 1996 in the Eurasian Arctic shelf and interior. Global fallout, releases from European reprocessing plants and the Chernobyl accident are identified as the three main sources. From measurements in the Eurasian shelf seas it is concluded that the total input of {sup 134}Cs, {sup 137}Cs and {sup 90}Sr from these sources has been decreasing during the 1990`s, while {sup 129}I has increased. The main fraction of the reprocessing and Chernobyl activity found in Arctic Ocean surface layer is transported from the Barents Sea east along the Eurasian Arctic shelf seas to the Laptev Sea before entering the Nansen Basin. This inflow results in highest {sup 137}Cs, {sup 129}I and {sup 90}Sr concentrations in the Arctic Ocean surface layers, and continuously decreasing concentrations with depth. Chernobyl-derived {sup 137}Cs appeared in the central parts of the Arctic Ocean around 1991, and in the mid 1990`s the fraction to total {sup 137}Cs was approximately 30% in the entire Eurasian Arctic region. The transfer times for releases from Sellafield are estimated to be 5-7 years to the SE Barents Sea, 7-9 years to the Kara Sea, 10-11 years to the Laptev Sea and 12-14 years to the central Arctic Ocean. Global fallout is the primary source of plutonium with highest concentrations found in the Atlantic layer of the Arctic Ocean. When transported over the shallow shelf seas, particle reactive transuranic elements experience an intense scavenging. A rough estimate shows that approximately 75% of the plutonium entering the Kara and Laptev Seas are removed to the sediment. High seasonal riverine input of {sup 239}, {sup 240}Pu is observed near the mouths of the large Russian rivers. Sediment inventories show much higher concentrations on the shelf compared to the deep Arctic Ocean. This is primarily due to the low particle flux in the open ocean

Anthropogenic radionuclides in the Arctic Ocean. Distribution and pathways

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Josefsson, Dan

1998-05-01

Anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations have been determined in seawater and sediment samples collected in 1991, 1994 and 1996 in the Eurasian Arctic shelf and interior. Global fallout, releases from European reprocessing plants and the Chernobyl accident are identified as the three main sources. From measurements in the Eurasian shelf seas it is concluded that the total input of 134 Cs, 137 Cs and 90 Sr from these sources has been decreasing during the 1990's, while 129 I has increased. The main fraction of the reprocessing and Chernobyl activity found in Arctic Ocean surface layer is transported from the Barents Sea east along the Eurasian Arctic shelf seas to the Laptev Sea before entering the Nansen Basin. This inflow results in highest 137 Cs, 129 I and 90 Sr concentrations in the Arctic Ocean surface layers, and continuously decreasing concentrations with depth. Chernobyl-derived 137 Cs appeared in the central parts of the Arctic Ocean around 1991, and in the mid 1990's the fraction to total 137 Cs was approximately 30% in the entire Eurasian Arctic region. The transfer times for releases from Sellafield are estimated to be 5-7 years to the SE Barents Sea, 7-9 years to the Kara Sea, 10-11 years to the Laptev Sea and 12-14 years to the central Arctic Ocean. Global fallout is the primary source of plutonium with highest concentrations found in the Atlantic layer of the Arctic Ocean. When transported over the shallow shelf seas, particle reactive transuranic elements experience an intense scavenging. A rough estimate shows that approximately 75% of the plutonium entering the Kara and Laptev Seas are removed to the sediment. High seasonal riverine input of 239 , 240 Pu is observed near the mouths of the large Russian rivers. Sediment inventories show much higher concentrations on the shelf compared to the deep Arctic Ocean. This is primarily due to the low particle flux in the open ocean

Persistent organic pollutants in ringed seals from the Russian Arctic.

Science.gov (United States)

Savinov, Vladimir; Muir, Derek C G; Svetochev, Vladislav; Svetocheva, Olga; Belikov, Stanislav; Boltunov, Andrey; Alekseeva, Ludmila; Reiersen, Lars-Otto; Savinova, Tatiana

2011-06-15

Organochlorine compounds total DDT (ΣDDT), total HCH isomers (ΣHCH), toxaphenes (sum of Parlar 26, 50, 62), mirex, endrin, methoxychlor, total chlorinated benzenes (ΣCBz), total chlordane compounds (ΣCHL), polychlorinated biphenyls (total of 56 congeners; ΣPCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (sum of 7 tri- to hepta congeners; ΣPBDEs) were analysed in the blubber of adult ringed seals from the four areas of the Russian Arctic (White Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Chukchi Sea) collected in 2001-2005. Ringed seals from the south-western part of the Kara Sea (Dikson Island - Yenisei estuary) were the most contaminated with ΣDDTs, ΣPCBs, ΣCHL, and mirex as compared with those found in the other three areas of Russian Arctic, while the highest mean concentrations of ΣHCHs and PCDD/Fs were found in the blubber of ringed seals from the Chukchi Sea and the White Sea, respectively. Among all organochlorine compounds measured in ringed seals from the European part of the Russian Arctic, concentrations of ΣDDT and ΣPCBs only were higher as compared with the other Arctic regions. Levels of all other organochlorine compounds were similar or lower than in seals from Svalbard, Alaska, the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. ΣPBDEs were found in all ringed seal samples analysed. There were no significant differences between ΣPBDE concentrations found in the blubber of ringed seals from the three studied areas of the European part of the Russian Arctic, while PBDE contamination level in ringed seals from the Chukchi Sea was 30-50 times lower. ΣPBDE levels in the blubber of seals from the European part of the Russian Arctic are slightly higher than in ringed seals from the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, and western Greenland but lower compared to ringed seals from Svalbard and eastern Greenland. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three dimensional reflection velocity analysis based on velocity model scan; Model scan ni yoru sanjigen hanshaha sokudo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minegishi, M; Tsuru, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

Introduced herein is a reflection wave velocity analysis method using model scanning as a method for velocity estimation across a section, the estimation being useful in the construction of a velocity structure model in seismic exploration. In this method, a stripping type analysis is carried out, wherein optimum structure parameters are determined for reflection waves one after the other beginning with those from shallower parts. During this process, the velocity structures previously determined for the shallower parts are fixed and only the lowest of the layers undergoing analysis at the time is subjected to model scanning. To consider the bending of ray paths at each velocity boundaries involving shallower parts, the ray path tracing method is utilized for the calculation of the reflection travel time curve for the reflection surface being analyzed. Out of the reflection wave travel time curves calculated using various velocity structure models, one that suits best the actual reflection travel time is detected. The degree of matching between the calculated result and actual result is measured by use of data semblance in a time window provided centering about the calculated reflective wave travel time. The structure parameter is estimated on the basis of conditions for the maximum semblance. 1 ref., 4 figs.

Three-dimensional TDEM modeling using integral equation method. 2; Sekibun hoteishikiho ni yoru TDEM no sanjigen modeling. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noguchi, K; Endo, M [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan). School of Science and Engineering

1996-05-01

A study was made about integral equation-assisted numerical calculation in a time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) 3D modeling. The total number of cells should be minimized now that the time required for calculation depends a great deal upon the total number of cells. On the assumption of a thin plate-like layer of anomaly in presence, with its center positioned just below the receiving point and with its entirety buried in a homogeneous 100 Ohm m medium, the correlation between the distance and the maximum cell length in the horizontal direction and the method of dividing were examined. As the result, it was found that a dividing method respecting the exponential function shortens the calculation time and that, for obtaining a true response and for minimizing the calculation time, the length of the horizontal side of the cell nearest to the transmission source needs be set to be not more than 1/2 of the distance. It was also found that the length of the side in the direction of depth of the topmost cell needs be set to be not more than approximately 1/3 of the depth of the upper surface of the plate-shaped anomaly. 2 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs

Flat plate approximation in the three-dimensional slamming; Heiban kinji ni yoru sanjigen suimen shogeki keisanho ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toyama, Y. [Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-12-31

A slamming load generated by interactive motions between a ship body and water face is an important load in ensuring safety of the ship. A flat plate approximation developed by Wagner is used as a two-dimensional slamming theory, but it has a drawback in handling edges of a flat plate. Therefore, an attempt was made to expand the two-dimensional Wagner`s theory to three dimensions. This paper first shows a method to calculate water face slamming of an arbitrary axisymmetric body by using circular plate approximation. The paper then proposes a method to calculate slamming pressure distribution and slamming force for the case when shape of the water contacting surface may be approximated by an elliptic shape. Expansion to the three dimensions made clear to some extent the characteristics of the three-dimensional slamming. In the case of two dimensions or a circular column for example, the water contacting area increases rapidly in the initial stage generating large slamming force. However, in the case of three dimensions, since the water contacting area expands longitudinally and laterally, the slamming force tends to increase gradually. Maximum slamming pressure was found proportional to square of moving velocity in a water contacting boundary in the case of three dimensions, and similar to stagnation pressure on a gliding plate. 12 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.

Flat plate approximation in the three-dimensional slamming; Heiban kinji ni yoru sanjigen suimen shogeki keisanho ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toyama, Y [Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-31

A slamming load generated by interactive motions between a ship body and water face is an important load in ensuring safety of the ship. A flat plate approximation developed by Wagner is used as a two-dimensional slamming theory, but it has a drawback in handling edges of a flat plate. Therefore, an attempt was made to expand the two-dimensional Wagner`s theory to three dimensions. This paper first shows a method to calculate water face slamming of an arbitrary axisymmetric body by using circular plate approximation. The paper then proposes a method to calculate slamming pressure distribution and slamming force for the case when shape of the water contacting surface may be approximated by an elliptic shape. Expansion to the three dimensions made clear to some extent the characteristics of the three-dimensional slamming. In the case of two dimensions or a circular column for example, the water contacting area increases rapidly in the initial stage generating large slamming force. However, in the case of three dimensions, since the water contacting area expands longitudinally and laterally, the slamming force tends to increase gradually. Maximum slamming pressure was found proportional to square of moving velocity in a water contacting boundary in the case of three dimensions, and similar to stagnation pressure on a gliding plate. 12 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.

Energy, environment and pursuit of happiness; Energy kankyo mondai ningen no kofuku kara kangaeru

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shingu, H. [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan)

1997-05-05

The energy and environment issue was considered from a viewpoint of human happiness. The paper picks up economy, philosophy, energy and humans as organisms, and considered how the principle of the increase by geometrical progression plays an important role in these. That the repetition in phenomena is like the increase by geometrical progression means that changes increase not linearly but exponentially and nonlinearly and bring such large changes as are unimaginable. The increase in entropy, which is caused by a nonlinear increase of the state, is an irreparable change. The problem of the pursuit of happiness also cannot be solved by the linear thought. The energy and environment problem cannot reach the solution in an extension of the linear thought in which humans have overcome poverty and lacks since the past and pursued richness earnestly. Namely, it is necessary for the 21st century to stop thinking of the energy utilization for seeking for much more richness and to try to think the energy issue in the social system where happiness with not too much richness is presupposed. 16 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Preparation of molecular tube from molecular necklace; Bunshi nekkuresu kara bunshi chubu no gosei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harada, A [Osaka Univ., Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Science

1995-08-01

The peculiar functions of the spaces with various sizes in the nature are revealed. Especially, in the ecosystem, the micro-spaces formed by the macromolecules such as enzyme, antibody, DNA and so on are the sources of the working of lives. In this paper, the development of the synthesis of polymers with necklace-shape starting with the discovery of the cyclodextrin forming polymers and complexes is introduced. It is shown by the obtaining of tube-shaped polymers with the polymer chain as the mold that the formation of super molecule is applicable to varied sorts of synthesis. Further, said molecular tube, which is different from carbon nanotube, is water soluble since it is from sugar and is possible to be conducted into an organism. Consequently, multifarious uses of said tube are considered such as the capsules of diverse pharmaceuticals or as the materials for the selective permeation in the separation of various ions and molecules. 7 refs., 3 figs.

Today and tomorrow on optimization of structural systems. Kozo system saitekika no genjo to shorai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-07-20

It has been 30 years since a conception structurally optimized design method'' was advocated as a new structural design system which links three factors; mathematical programming, a finite element method, and computers. This paper summarizes the current states in the optimizing technologies in Japan and views over their future, with reference mainly to the two symposiums held in the past as an activity of the subcommittee for structural system optimization in the Japan Society of Civil Engineers. The summary covers the following matters: Optimizing algorithms for structural designs, fuzzy theories, practical use of expert systems and AI, maintenance and management systems for structures, vibration control, shock resistant designs, inverse problems and structure identifying problems, and designs of underground and off-shore structures. For instance, examples of bridge designs include a minimum mass design on a pedestrians' bridge incorporating vibration sensitivities into restricting conditions, comparisons of economics in suspension bridges using a multi-stage determination method, and many others. Optimizing technologies are believed to advance greatly in the future and be used as a very routine design tool. 145 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Surface structures and optical functions of living things. Seibutsu no hyomen kozo to kogaku kino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumazawa, K.; Takimoto, J.; Tanaka, S.; Tabata, H. (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

1993-12-24

This paper describes the following matters as one example of structural coloring of non-motional nature on the coloring mechanism in wings of Morpho sulkouskyi butterfly: The structure of scales on butterfly wings may be modelled into such a structure of a right angle frame of reference having a cyclic arrangement (with an interval of 0.7 [mu]m) of a zigzagged protrusion in the 'x' direction called a ridge (with a height of 1.8 [mu]m and a width of 0.54 [mu]m, the shape not changing in the 'y' direction), and having a plurality of protrusions of a ridge form called lamella in the 'z' (height) direction. A simple multi-layered thin film model was assumed that has lamella layers and air layers laminated alternately in the 'z' direction. The model was used to calculate reflection spectra on vertically incident light based on thickness and refractive index of material layers determined by a structural analysis of the scales. The result was considerably close to the reflection spectra of scales measured by using a microscopic spectrophotometer when the number of layers is set to six. The paper describes briefly examples of motility structural coloring (skin cells of rainbow color in tropical fish). 7 refs., 12 figs.

An approach to estimate the freshwater contribution from glacial melt and precipitation in East Greenland shelf waters using colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stedmon, Colin; Granskog, Mats A.; Dodd, Paul A.

2015-01-01

Changes in the supply and storage of freshwater in the Arctic Ocean and its subsequent export to the North Atlantic can potentially influence ocean circulation and climate. In order to understand how the Arctic freshwater budget is changing and the potential impacts, it is important to develop......, and precipitation) and sea ice melt. We develop this approach further and investigate the use of an additional tracer, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which is largely specific to freshwater originating from Arctic rivers. A robust relationship between the freshwater contribution from meteoric water...... processes (riverine input and sea ice formation), while previously, these waters where thought to be derived from open sea processes (cooling and sea ice formation) in the northern Barents and Kara Seas. In Greenlandic coastal waters the meteoric water contribution is influenced by Greenland ice sheet...

THE SEDIMENT’S DINAMICS AND THE WATER FLOW VARIATION IN AN URBAN GULLY IN UBERLÂNDIA – MG

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Ricardo Reis Alves

2005-05-01

Full Text Available A gully located in urban area of Uberlândia city - MG had been chosen as aresearch area. In this city, the gully is located in a district called Jardim Karaíba, which is inHydrographic Basin of the Lagoinha brook.Uberlândia is located in a region know as Cerrado (a kind of savanna. Thisregion shown sandy soils in the highest lands and organic soils in the bottom of the valleys(lowest lands, Sandstone of the Marília Formation and Basalts of the Serra Geral Formation,the most part of the vegetal species are grassy and bushs, the climate is the Wet Tropical(CWA, according to Cöpper which holds a wet and hot season and other dry and with lowertemperatures (each season has a duration approximated of 6 months.

AMASYA PUBLIC EDUCATION CENTER WORKS EXAMPLE: YASSIÇAL BROADCLOTH WEAVINGS

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Hurrem Sinem SANLI

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Public education aims to gain adults the skills and knowledge towards interpretation of free times of social and cultural activities. With public education, people living in the region especially women contribute to production. In Amasya, there are courses provided for women in Public Education Centers and it is made sure that they attend theses courses. In this study, a section of said center and Yassıçal broadcloth weavings are analyzed. Motifs and product examples in Yassıçal weavings are examined. These motifs are Eminem, Tekke peşkürü, Suleyman, Sinekli, Mehmet Dede, Kara viran, Çift mekik and Deveci kesmesi. This traditional motifs began to weave again. A variety of woven products; living room sets, veil, curtains, runners, bags, doll clothes and women's clothes are produced by traniees.

New aero-gravity results from the Arctic: Linking the latest Cretaceous-early Cenozoic plate kinematics of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Døssing, Arne; Hopper, J.R.; Olesen, Arne Vestergaard

2013-01-01

The tectonic history of the Arctic Ocean remains poorly resolved and highly controversial. Details regarding break up of the Lomonosov Ridge from the Barents-Kara shelf margins and the establishment of seafloor spreading in the Cenozoic Eurasia Basin are unresolved. Significantly, the plate...... tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Amerasia Basin is essentially unknown. The Arctic Ocean north of Greenland is at a critical juncture that formed at the locus of a Mesozoic three-plate setting between the Lomonosov Ridge, Greenland, and North America. In addition, the area is close to the European plate...... plateau against an important fault zone north of Greenland. Our results provide new constraints for Cretaceous-Cenozoic plate reconstructions of the Arctic. Key Points Presentation of the largest aero-gravity survey acquired over the Arctic Ocean Plate tectonic link between Atlantic and Arctic spreading...

“DARK SUN” IMAGE FROM NERVAL TO HİLMİ YAVUZ

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Abdulhalim AYDIN

2009-12-01

Full Text Available “Dark Sun” image occurs in the various works of Gerard de Nerval. In his poem “El Desdichado”, on one hand it symbolizes the women he lost, on the other hand it refers to ‘Melancholia’ painting of Albrecht DURER. The same image scatters dark lights on forehead of DURER in Voyage en Orient (The voyage in Orient; and in Aurélia it is shown as a sign which announces the doomsday. Some comments have also been made that Nerval indicated his own tragic end with ‘dark sun’. When we take into consideration the poet’s life in a general approach, it is necessary to evaluate the image as a clear reflection of morbid psychic situation. Therefore, ‘dark sun’ image symbolizes unhappiness, uneasiness and melancholy primarily by Nerval and in Western culture. “Nur-u Siyah” (dark light image in orient culture has been employed in a line which continues from the tradition until today, from Şebüsteri to Şeyh Galip and from A. Halet Çelebi to Hilmi Yavuz. Althought they have the same meaning with a tiny difference (sun-divine light which arises from perception process, their imaginary figures in both civilizations are totally contrary to each other. So, “nur-u siyah” is the symbol of happiness, serenity, meanwhile, it is a symbol of the position which sufi has tried to reach with pantheism (Vahdet-i Vücud. In this article, it is tried to explain both civilizations’ usage of these images and then shifting to our era, to Hilmi YAVUZ, it will be tried to make an introduction to the using styles of “dark sun” and “nur -u siyah” or the other words which symbolizes them. “Kara Güneş” (le Soleil Noir imgesi Gerard de Nerval’in çeşitli eserlerinde geçer. “El Desdichado” şiirinde bir yandan kaybettiği kadınları simgelerken, diğer yandan da Albrecht Dürer’in “Melancholia” tablosuna göndermede bulunur. Aynı imge yazarın Voyage en Orient (Doğu’da Yolculuk’ında Dürer’in alnına “karanlık �

Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modeling using SLDM method; Supekutoru bunkai wo fukashita ranchosu process ni motozuku MT ho sanjigen keisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamane, K; Takasugi, S [GERD Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

For 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) modeling, spectral Lanczos decomposition method (SLDM) was applied as high-speed high- accuracy modeling algorithm. SLDM was developed by Druskin to reduce computational time considerably by obtaining responses in the whole frequency domain all at once. The computational time of 3-D modeling was reduced by introducing Maxwell`s equation and Lanczos matrix as transformation matrix. The computation was carried out on the 1km{times}2km{times}2km low resistivity model body of 5 ohm{center_dot}m supposed in the uniform ground of 100 ohm{center_dot}m using 43{times}43{times}31 nodes at 17 frequencies ranging from 0.01Hz to 100Hz. Apparent resistivity at lower frequency decreased with approach to the low resistivity body. The computational time amounted to 6 hours 14 minutes. The 3-D MT modeling using SLDM method was independent of frequency, and its algorithm was superior in computational speed, however, it was inferior in computational time as the number of measuring nodes increased. 2 refs., 3 figs.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI KECAMBAH KACANG-KACANGAN LOKAL SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR MEAT ANALOG TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK (TEKSTUR, KESUKAAN DAN RASIO ARGININ/LISIN

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Bayu Kanetro

2013-06-01

kedelai. Meat analog dibuat dari protein berbagai kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal, yaitu kacang kara benguk, tunggak, dan kecipir yang dikecambahkan berturut-turut selama 48, 36 dan 24 jam. Protein kecambah kacang kara benguk, tunggak dan kecipir untuk memproduksi meat analog diekstraksi pada pH 9, selanjutnya dipresipitasi berturut-turut pada pH 4, 5, dan 4. Produk-poduk yang diperoleh dianalisis tekstur, sifat sensoris (tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna, tekstur, bau, rasa dan keseluruhan, dan rasio arginin/lisin. Karakteristik meat analog dari berbagai kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal tersebut dibandingkan dengan meat analog dari biji kedelai untuk menentukan jenis kecambah terbaik sebagai bahan dasar meat analog. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik meat analog kecambah kacang tunggak dan kecipir lebih baik dibandingkan meat analog dari kecambah kara benguk. Meat analog dari biji kedelai masih lebih baik daripada meat analog dari kecambah kacang-kacangan, khususnya teksturnya. Kandungan arginin yang diketahui sebagai komponen hipokolesterolemik dan hipoglisemik pada meat analog kecambah kacang tunggak ternyata lebih rendah daripada meat analog kedelai, tetapi rasio arginin/lisinnya tidak berbeda nyata. Sedangkan rasio arginin/lisin meat analog dari kecambah kacang-kacangan lainnya lebih rendah daripada meat analog dari biji kedelai. Oleh karena itu meat analog dari kecambah kacang tunggak dipilih sebagai produk terbaik dan berpotensi sebagai pangan fungsional utamanya untuk menurunkan kolesterol darah. Kata kunci: Meat analog, kecambah, kacang-kacangan lokal, rasio arginin/lisin

A modeling experiment on the grounding of an ice shelf in the central Arctic Ocean during MIS 6

Science.gov (United States)

Jakobsson, M.; Siegert, M.; Paton, M.

2003-12-01

High-resolution chirp sonar subbottom profiles from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean, acquired from the Swedish icebreaker Oden in 1996, revealed large-scale erosion of the ridge crest down to depths of 1000 m below present sea level [Jakobsson, 1999]. Subsequent acoustic mapping during the SCICEX nuclear submarine expedition in 1999 showed glacial fluting at the deepest eroded areas and subparallel ice scours from 950 m water depth to the shallowest parts of the ridge crest [Polyak et al., 2001]. The directions of the mapped glaciogenic bed-forms and the redeposition of eroded material on the Amerasian side of the ridge indicate ice flow from the Barents-Kara Sea area. Core studies revealed that sediment drape the eroded areas from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5.5 and, thus, it was proposed that the major erosional event took place during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 [Jakobsson et al., 2001]. Glacial geological evidence suggests strongly that the Late Saalian (MIS 6) ice sheet margin reached the shelf break of the Barents-Kara Sea [Svendsen et al. in press] and this gives us two possible ways to explain the ice erosional features on the Lomonosov Ridge. One is the grounding of a floating ice shelf and the other is the scouring from large deep tabular iceberg. Here we apply numerical ice sheet modeling to test the hypothesis that an ice shelf emanating from the Barents/Kara seas grounded across part of the Lomonsov Ridge and caused the extensive erosion down to a depth of around 1000 m below present sea level. A series of model experiments was undertaken in which the ice shelf mass balance (surface accumulation and basal melting) and ice shelf strain rates were adjusted. Grounding of the Lomonosov Ridge was not achieved when the ice shelf strain rate was 0.005 yr-1 (i.e. a free flowing ice shelf). However this model produced two interesting findings. First, with basal melt rates of up to 50 cm yr-1 an ice shelf grew from the St. Anna Trough ice stream

How might the North American ice sheet influence the northwestern Eurasian climate?

Science.gov (United States)

Beghin, P.; Charbit, S.; Dumas, C.; Kageyama, M.; Ritz, C.

2015-10-01

It is now widely acknowledged that past Northern Hemisphere ice sheets covering Canada and northern Europe at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) exerted a strong influence on climate by causing changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulations. In turn, these changes may have impacted the development of the ice sheets themselves through a combination of different feedback mechanisms. The present study is designed to investigate the potential impact of the North American ice sheet on the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Eurasian ice sheet driven by simulated changes in the past glacial atmospheric circulation. Using the LMDZ5 atmospheric circulation model, we carried out 12 experiments under constant LGM conditions for insolation, greenhouse gases and ocean. In these experiments, the Eurasian ice sheet is removed. The 12 experiments differ in the North American ice-sheet topography, ranging from a white and flat (present-day topography) ice sheet to a full-size LGM ice sheet. This experimental design allows the albedo and the topographic impacts of the North American ice sheet onto the climate to be disentangled. The results are compared to our baseline experiment where both the North American and the Eurasian ice sheets have been removed. In summer, the sole albedo effect of the American ice sheet modifies the pattern of planetary waves with respect to the no-ice-sheet case, resulting in a cooling of the northwestern Eurasian region. By contrast, the atmospheric circulation changes induced by the topography of the North American ice sheet lead to a strong decrease of this cooling. In winter, the Scandinavian and the Barents-Kara regions respond differently to the American ice-sheet albedo effect: in response to atmospheric circulation changes, Scandinavia becomes warmer and total precipitation is more abundant, whereas the Barents-Kara area becomes cooler with a decrease of convective processes, causing a decrease of total precipitation. The gradual increase of the

Assessment of radiation exposure and evaluation of remedial measures for the uranium mining and milling area of Mailuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vandenhove, Hildegarde; Sweeck, Lieve; Clerc, Jean-Jacques; Aitaliev, Anarkul

2006-01-01

The area of the town of Mailuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan, is polluted by radionuclides and heavy metals in tailing dumps and heaps resulting from the historic exploitation of uranium mines. Radioactive substances are stored in 23 tailings and 10 heaps situated along the Mailuu Suu River. The stability of many tailings is at risk. Attention is mostly directed to Tailing 3, because of its important radionuclide inventory and since threatened by the borders of a major landslide. In the frame of a European Commission-TACIS funded project, a radiological monitoring programme was set up and a radiological assessment was performed for critical group members living in the city of Mailuu Suu, located downstream the tailings, or in the village of Kara Agach, partially located on a uranium mine-waste dump. The actual radiological situation is of no immediate concern for most of the population of Mailuu Suu. The actual external exposure and exposure from radon are, respectively, around 1.2 mSv a -1 and 5 mSv a -1 , at both locations. Ingestion dose was negligible for a critical group member living at Mailuu Suu. At Kara Agach, however, under the hypothesis that all food and fodder is cultivated locally, exposure from ingestion is much higher (∼10-30 mSv a -1 ). Additional dose from irrigation with Mailuu Suu river water is small in actual conditions ( -1 ). However, there is an important possibility that, triggered by an earthquake or a landslide, (part of the) tailing(s) content may be directed to the river Mailuu Suu. In case the content of Tailing 3 is thrust to river, calculated maximum doses are 45 and 77 mSv a -1 for an adult and a child, respectively, for an assumed exposure duration of 2 years. To impede the consequences of a potential disaster, under the TACIS project different remedial options were evaluated for Tailing 3 including in situ stabilisation and tailing translocation. Also more global remedial options for the Mailuu Suu River valley were proposed (translocation

Sea Ice, Hydrocarbon Extraction, Rain-on-Snow and Tundra Reindeer Nomadism in Arctic Russia

Science.gov (United States)

Forbes, B. C.; Kumpula, T.; Meschtyb, N.; Laptander, R.; Macias-Fauria, M.; Zetterberg, P.; Verdonen, M.

2015-12-01

It is assumed that retreating sea ice in the Eurasian Arctic will accelerate hydrocarbon development and associated tanker traffic along Russia's Northern Sea Route. However, oil and gas extraction along the Kara and Barents Sea coasts will likely keep developing rapidly regardless of whether the Northwest Eurasian climate continues to warm. Less certain are the real and potential linkages to regional biota and social-ecological systems. Reindeer nomadism continues to be a vitally important livelihood for indigenous tundra Nenets and their large herds of semi-domestic reindeer. Warming summer air temperatures over the NW Russian Arctic have been linked to increases in tundra productivity, longer growing seasons, and accelerated growth of tall deciduous shrubs. These temperature increases have, in turn, been linked to more frequent and sustained summer high-pressure systems over West Siberia, but not to sea ice retreat. At the same time, winters have been warming and rain-on-snow (ROS) events have become more frequent and intense, leading to record-breaking winter and spring mortality of reindeer. What is driving this increase in ROS frequency and intensity is not clear. Recent modelling and simulation have found statistically significant near-surface atmospheric warming and precipitation increases during autumn and winter over Arctic coastal lands in proximity to regions of sea-ice loss. During the winter of 2013-14 an extensive and lasting ROS event led to the starvation of 61,000 reindeer out of a population of ca. 300,000 animals on Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia. Historically, this is the region's largest recorded mortality episode. More than a year later, participatory fieldwork with nomadic herders during spring-summer 2015 revealed that the ecological and socio-economic impacts from this extreme event will unfold for years to come. There is an urgent need to understand whether and how ongoing Barents and Kara Sea ice retreat may affect the region's ancient

Assessing the risks of nuclear and chemical contamination in the former Soviet Union

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirk, J.

1996-01-01

In the first four chapters the focus is on risk assessment and the role of various segments of the society in defining risk criteria. In Chapter 2, the interface between science, policymaking, and environmental law is addressed. In chapter 3, the importance of including organizational and human factors in risk assessments is discussed. It is noted that risk assessment is also a matter for an informed public. Chapter 4 focuses on the specific application of technology to hazardous waste disposal. The most expensive high-tech equipment may not always be the best to solve a particular disposal problem. In Chapter 5 international efforts to determine the effects of nuclear testing are examined, moving on to question the methods used to define risk criteria. The last four chapters of the book focus on risk assessment and the role of various segments of the society in defining risk criteria. Chapter 6 is an introduction to the work done to assess the environmental and health affects of the 1986 accident at Chernobyl. Also the Ukrainian government's effort to assess additional natural and anthropogenic sources of radioactive contamination is discussed. In chapter 7, the efforts by the International Atomic Energy Agency and other organizations to assess the effects of Chernobyl are examined. The eighth chapter introduces the means by which nongovernmental environmental groups (NGO), e.g. Greenpeace, collect information on environmental threats and the role they play in informing the larger public about them. In this case, the dumping of radioactive waste in the Kara and Barents Seas is examined in detail. In Chapter 9 it is examined how interdisciplinary groups are required to assess the environmental and health effects of the dumping in the Kara and Barents Seas. The issues of reliable data and determining risk in the absence of data are discussed. In the final chapter, the major themes and results of the workshop are summarized, including a set of recommendations for

Authentic interpretations of Return of the Lands Act (1839

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Stanković Uroš

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article sheds light on three interpretations of Return of the Lands Act, introduced in 1839 and entitling landowners whose land was usurped by prince Miloš Obrenović (1815-1839, 1858-1860 and distinguished people's headmen to claim retrial of litigations over land adjudicated unjustly and return of their lawlessly disposed property. Two main questions arose in relation with interpretive rules - what were legislative power's goals when interpreting the Act and to what they were due. The author seeked the answer to the first dilemma by scrutinizing texts of interpretations, in order to determine their semantic meaning. In an attempt to provide the explanation for the second problem, he explored social context preceeding introduction of interpretive rules (namely, number of litigations before courts and political ambiance in Serbia. The first interpretation, dating back to March, 2nd 1843, is inclined towards previous owners of the land. Such solution was caused mainly by the political situation - Russia contested Aleksandar Karađorđević's first election for prince of Serbia in 1842 and the assembly foreseen to elect ruler anew was to be summoned in June 1843 In the meantime, new regime embodied in so-called constitution-defenders (the group of distinguished political leaders opposed to Obrenović dynasty struggled to ensure enthronement of its candidate and therefore issued a demagogic interpretation. On the contrary, two remaining interpretations, from the years 1844 and 1845, were aimed to retain status quo regarding land property by diminishing possibilities for new trial. The legislators opted for restrictions having learned that number of litigations had increased greatly. Besides, political climate was to the most extent convenient for taking such measures, as several lesser rebellions incited by the followers of Obrenović dynasty had been quelled easily, after which the opponents of the regime remained passive for a longer period

THREE WORLDS IN EPIC CREATION OF TURKISH PUBLIC TÜRK HALKLARININ DESTAN YARATILARINDA ÜÇ DÜNYA

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Nilüfer YILDIRIM

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Turkish nation has a wealthy and deep-rooted literature. Eposes form the most important part of it. They contains the various cultural materials such as customs-traditions and usage-habits and also from apparel to food and beverage which bear the traces of the nation’s belief system. The belief system, called Shamanism, known as the oldest belief system of the Turkish nation. According to that system; the universe consists of three layers called sky, world and underground. Each layer has own God and spirits. Gods, spirits and universe layers have specific features. In this study, we will deal with the triple universe consideration that presents in Shamanism by the examples of Altay, Uzbek, Gagauzion, Karaçay-Malkar and Kazakh eposes, also put forward the reflection of this understanding to these eposes. Türk milleti köklü ve zengin bir edebiyata sahiptir. Destanlar bu köklü ve zengin edebiyatın en önemli halkalarından birini oluşturur. Gelenek ve göreneklerden örf ve âdetlere giyim kuşamdan yeme içmeye kadar çeşitli kültür malzemesini içeren destanlar, milletlere ait inanç sistemlerinin izlerini de taşırlar. Şamanizm olarak adlandırılan inanç sistemi, Türklerin en eski inançlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu inanç sistemine göre evren; gökyüzü, yeryüzü ve yeraltı olmak üzere üç kattan ibarettir. Her katın tanrısı ve ruhları bulunmaktadır. Tanrıların, ruhların ve evren katlarının kendine has özellikleri vardır. Bu çalışmada, Altay, Özbek, Gagavuz, Karaçay-Malkar ve Kazaklara ait destanlardan verilecek örneklerle Şamanizm’de mevcut olan üçlü evren anlayışı ele alınacak ve bu anlayışın destanlara ne şekilde yansıdığı ortaya konulacaktır.

Lung function and blood markers of nutritional status in non-COPD aging men with smoking history: A cross-sectional study

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Nobuyoshi Shiozawa

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Nobuyoshi Shiozawa1, Kanae Hayashimoto2, Etsuji Suzuki5, Hiroshi Kikuchi3, Shingo Takata3, Kozo Ashida3, Masutaka Watanabe4, Yasuhiro Hosaki6, Fumihiro Mitsunobu1,31Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; 2Nutrition Support Service and Divisions of 3Internal Medicine and 4Rehabilitation, Okayama University Hospital Misasa Medical Center, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; 5Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; 6Division of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Teishin Hospital, Hiroshima, JapanPurpose: Cigarette smoking and advanced age are well known as risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, and nutritional abnormalities are important in patients with COPD. However, little is known about the nutritional status in non-COPD aging men with smoking history. We therefore investigated whether reduced lung function is associated with lower blood markers of nutritional status in those men.Subjects and methods: This association was examined in a cross-sectional study of 65 Japanese male current or former smokers aged 50 to 80 years: 48 without COPD (non-COPD group, divided into tertiles according to forced expiratory volume in one second as percent of forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC, and 17 with COPD (COPD group.Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, lower FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with lower red blood cell count (RBCc, hemoglobin, and total protein (TP; not with total energy intake. The difference in adjusted RBCc and TP among the non-COPD group tertiles was greater than that between the bottom tertile in the non-COPD group and the COPD group.Conclusion: In non-COPD aging men with smoking history, trends toward reduced nutritional status and anemia may independently emerge in blood components along with decreased lung function

A radioecological model of radionuclide bioaccumulation in the ecosystems of the Barents and Kara Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sazykina, T.G.

1995-01-01

A dynamic model is developed to assess the radioecological consequences of the radioactive waste dumping in the Arctic Ocean, with a special focus on the impact on fisheries. The contamination of important commercial species of Arctic fish is modelled with consideration for their living and feeding habits. Model predictions are made for biologically significant and long-lived radionuclides, such as 137 Cs and 90 Sr. The potential consequences of the dumping for Russian and Norwegian fisheries are analyzed, based on the statistical data for commercial fishery in the Arctic Ocean. Doses to humans due to the consumption of contaminated marine foodstuffs from the Arctic Ocean are estimated

COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ İLE ISPARTA-ANTALYABURDUR KARAYOLUNUN KARA NOKTA ANALİZİ

OpenAIRE

KARAŞAHİN, Mustafa; TERZİ, Serdal

2003-01-01

Çalışmada, Isparta-Antalya karayolu üzerinde 1996-1999 yılları arasında meydana gelen trafik kaza raporlarıteker teker incelenerek MS Excel programında veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS), coğrafi koordinatlara gereksinim duyduğundan, her kaza noktasında GPS ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. ArcView programı kullanılarak, coğrafi koordinatlar ile veri tabanı birbiri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yapılan sorgulama sonunda trafik kazalarının büyük çoğunluğunun yolun alinyiman ...

Run-off and sedimentation processes over the continental shelf along the European-Siberian Tundra coast

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Josefsson, D. [Univ. of Lund (Sweden)

2001-04-01

The contribution of anthropogenic radionuclides from the European sources to the arctic seas have decreased in the first half of the 1990's. This is reflected in the measured activities in the different arctic seas which all show lower concentrations compared to earlier measurements. The influence from the Chernobyl accident were about one third of the total surface activity of {sup 137}CS at the Eurasian continental shelf in 1994 and between 10-30% in the central Arctic Ocean in 1996. The obtained results give no indication of any large extra sources for anthropogenic activity besides the well known fallout from atmospheric nuclear bombs test, discharges from European reprocessing plants and the Chernobyl accident releases. However smaller or local contributions from e.g. the dumped nuclear material in the Kara Sea and releases by the Siberian river from Russian nuclear facilities are not possible to exclude in this investigation.

Summer concentrations of NMHCs in ambient air of the Arctic and Antarctic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellen, H.; Paatero, J.; Hakola, H.; Virkkula, A. [Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki (Finland); Leck, C. [Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Meteorology

2012-11-01

Summer concentrations of C{sub 2}-C{sub 6} non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were measured in Antarctica and in the Arctic in 2008. The results show that NMHC concentrations are on average five times higher in the Arctic than in Antarctica. In Antarctica, there were few concentration peaks, but during most of the remaining time concentrations were below or close to the detection limits. Over the Arctic pack ice area north of 80 deg, concentrations of most of the measured NMHCs were always above the detection limits. No differences based on air-mass origin were detected in Antarctica, but samples collected over the central Arctic Ocean showed higher concentrations in air masses being advected from the Kara Sea and the western-central Arctic Ocean. The relatively higher NMHC-to-ethyne molar ratios calculated for samples collected over the central Arctic Ocean suggest additional alkane sources in the region. (orig.)

Sulphate rocks as an arena for karst development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrejchuk V.

1996-01-01

Full Text Available The rocks in which karst systems develop are most commonly composed of carbonate sulphate and chloride minerals. The sulphate minerals are quite numerous, but only gypsum and anhydrite form extensive masses in sedimentary sequences. Other minerals, which represent sulphates of K, Mg and Na, normally occur as minor beds (0.1-5.0 m, or as inclusions associated with chloride rocks. However some minerals precipitated in salt-generating basins, such as mirabilite and glauberite (typically formed in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, salt lakes of Siberia and in China, form sequences up to 5-10 m thick where karst may develop. Due to the very high solubility of Na -sulphates, karst processes and features occurring in these rocks resemble salt karst. Thus, the term sulphate karst, although not strictly correct, is used mainly to indicate karst developed in gypsum and anhydrite.

Pan-Arctic Distribution of Bioavailable Dissolved Organic Matter and Linkages With Productivity in Ocean Margins

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Yuan; Benner, Ronald; Kaiser, Karl; Fichot, Cédric G.; Whitledge, Terry E.

2018-02-01

Rapid environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean affect plankton productivity and the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that supports microbial food webs. We report concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and yields of amino acids (indicators of labile DOM) in surface waters across major Arctic margins. Concentrations of DOC and bioavailability of DOM showed large pan-Arctic variability that corresponded to varying hydrological conditions and ecosystem productivity, respectively. Widespread hot spots of labile DOM were observed over productive inflow shelves (Chukchi and Barents Seas), in contrast to oligotrophic interior margins (Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Beaufort Seas). Amino acid yields in outflow gateways (Canadian Archipelago and Baffin Bay) indicated the prevalence of semilabile DOM in sea ice covered regions and sporadic production of labile DOM in ice-free waters. Comparing these observations with surface circulation patterns indicated varying shelf subsidies of bioavailable DOM to Arctic deep basins.

Mathematical structure of ocean container transport systems; Kaiyo container yuso system no suriteki kozo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shinkai, A [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Chikushi, Y [Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

Mathematical structure of a vessel arrangement program was discussed in order to learn roles of container ships in ocean transport systems among China, NIES/ASEAN countries and Japan. Formulation is possible on a mathematical handling method for sailing route connection diagrams between ports, a transport network to indicate container movements, a service network to indicate sailing routes, and a network generalizing them. This paper describes an analysis made on the container transport system between Japan and China, taken as an example. Four ports were selected each from Japan and China, and the statistical database for fiscals 1996 and 1994 was utilized to set models for: (a) the liner network system with transshipment at the port of Shanghai and (b) the cruising route system going through the ports of Yokohama, Nagoya and Kobe. A hypothesis was set that a consortium (coordinated ship allocation) can be implemented ideally and completely. The transport network (a) is lower by 10% in total cost than the transport network (b), resulting in 1.6 times greater productivity. Actual service network is closer to the network (b), but the system can be utilized for discussing guidelines on vessel arrangement programs with which shipping companies pursue better management efficiency under a condition that the consortium can be formed. 10 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Change in pore structure of coals by activation with KOH; KOH fukatsushita sekitan no saiko kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruyama, K.; Yoshizawa, N.; Ishikawa, E.; Kobayashi, M.; Toda, Y.; Yamada, Y.; Shiraishi, M. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

Three typical Japanese coals of non-coking coal, coking coal and anthracite were heat-treated with KOH, and change in their pore structure was examined by absorption of N2, X-ray diffraction and TEM observation. In addition, the relation between a coal rank and pore structure was also studied by absorption experiment of N2. In experiment, the mixture of coal and KOH in a nickel holder was heat-treated in N2 gas flow at heating rate of 2{degree}C/min, and held at a fixed temperature for one hour. To clarify the pore structure, N2 absorption isotherms were measured at -196{degree}C under nearly 76cmHg using a commercially available full-automatic absorption measurement equipment. Based on the X-ray diffraction and TEM observation results on activated coals, the relation between the N2 absorption and pore structure was studied. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The yield and absorption ability of coals increase with a coal rank, (2) The specific surface area of coals reaches its peak at 800{degree}C in activation temperature regardless of a coal rank, and (3) The activation behavior of coals is dependent on a coal rank. 5 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Countermeasures for increasing sequence continuous casting; Renchu kinosei taikabutsu zaishitsu, kozo kaizen ni yoru renrenchusu kojosaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuda, Masato; Shinagawa, Hiroaki; Kamada, Ryuji; Hiraga, Yutaka; Hara, Takayasu [Nippon Steel Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-06-01

In the second continuous casting line of Kure Iron Works, Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. improvement of the continuous casting counts per tundish was attempted for a target of max. 20. The results are as follows: (1) Non-SiO{sub 2} conversion of material for the long nozzle immersed part: About 20% improvement of durability compared with a conventional material to clear 0.059 mm/min of the targeted erosion speed when 20 CCC/TD is realized, (2) Durability improvement of SN plate: About 20% durability improvement was attained compared with a conventional material by the adoption of a non-SiO{sub 2} material, (3) Erosion resistance improvement of the immersed nozzle slug line part: Castable period was extended to 1 ch life improvement by increasing zirconia content, (4) Rise of stopper full open position: The rise of the full open position produced less variation of melt level than the conventional structure without increase of the SN opening, enabling plugging prevention between the stopper head and the upper nozzle which was an objective of this improvement, (5) Structure improvement of the upper nozzle: This improvement successfully prevented leaks from damage of the casting stop nozzle metal case and enabled casting under low gas flow even in TD nozzle plugging. These improvements gave a possibility to achieve max. 20 CCC/TD. (NEDO)

Coherent structure in geostrophic flow under density stratification; Mippei seisoka ni aru chikoryu no soshiki kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsujimura, S.; Iida, O.; Nagano, Y. [Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya (Japan)

1998-10-25

The coherent structure and relevant heat transport in geostrophic flows under various density stratification has been studied by using both direct numerical simulation and rapid distortion theory. It is found that in a neutrally stratified flow under system rotation, the temperature fluctuations become very close to two-dimensional and their variation is very small in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation. Under the stable stratification, the velocity and temperature fluctuations tend to oscillate with the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. Under the unstable stratification, on the other hand, vortex columns are formed in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation. However, the generation of the elongated vortex columns cannot be predicted by the rapid distortion theory. The non-linear term is required to generate these characteristic vortex columns. 11 refs., 18 figs., 1 tab.

Study on spontaneous potential exploration considering resistivity structures; Hiteiko kozo wo koryoshita shizen den`iho tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, H; Sakurai, K; Shimada, H [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

Spontaneous potential (SP) was measured on the known traverse line of resistivity structure crossing Hanaori fault in Ohara area, Kyoto city to observe change in SP around the fault and to examine the possibility of fault position exploration. The supposed causes of generation of SP are as follows: the existence of sulfide mineral deposit including polarized minerals, underground fluid flow, and the existence of stratum including chemical compositions from hot springs. The SP method estimates underground structures based on measured surface potential distributions using DC component under anomaly of SP. FEM modeling clarified that a fault fracture zone is one of the causes of generation of SP, by considering SP measurement and resistivity structure strongly affecting observed SP. Consequently, combination of SP measurement with resistivity structure exploration allows a reliable fault estimation method. Under the assumption that anomaly of SP is caused by polarization around fault, the horizontal dipole model based on polarization of current source dipole along fault can well explain the measured data. 2 refs., 6 figs.

Fault structure analysis by means of large deformation simulator; Daihenkei simulator ni yoru danso kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, Y.; Shi, B. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Matsushima, J. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-05-27

Large deformation of the crust is generated by relatively large displacement of the mediums on both sides along a fault. In the conventional finite element method, faults are dealt with by special elements which are called joint elements, but joint elements, elements microscopic in width, generate numerical instability if large shear displacement is given. Therefore, by introducing the master slave (MO) method used for contact analysis in the metal processing field, developed was a large deformation simulator for analyzing diastrophism including large displacement along the fault. Analysis examples were shown in case the upper basement and lower basement were relatively dislocated with the fault as a boundary. The bottom surface and right end boundary of the lower basement are fixed boundaries. The left end boundary of the lower basement is fixed, and to the left end boundary of the upper basement, the horizontal speed, 3{times}10{sup -7}m/s, was given. In accordance with the horizontal movement of the upper basement, the boundary surface largely deformed. Stress is almost at right angles at the boundary surface. As to the analysis of faults by the MO method, it has been used for a single simple fault, but should be spread to lots of faults in the future. 13 refs., 2 figs.

Fatigue of cable anchorage of large cable stayed bridge; Daikibo shachokyo cable teichaku kozo no hiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, T.; Matsumoto, T. [Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority, Tokyo (Japan); Tsukahara, H. [Yokogawa Bridge Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Miki, C. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-10-21

Design considerations such as design schemes, the assemblage and welding of steel plates, and safety for fatigue of welded connections have to be taken for the cable anchorages of the steel cable stayed bridges. In this study, two full scale models, which have different shape of box anchorages welded to the web of the main girder, were made to investigate fatigue characteristics as well as assemblage of plate and gelding details. Finite element analyses for both test models and actual bridges here carried out to compare stress distribution. It was confirmed that the assemblage and welding of both types of box anchorage were attainable kith required quality and accuracy. According to the fatigue test, fatigue cracks originated from the weldings of the bearing plate to which the load from cable socket applied directly were caused by out-of-plane bending of the bearing plate. It was proved that the slight modifications of the details around the bearing plate resulted in sufficient fatigue strength in both types of anchorage. 1 ref., 23 figs., 2 tabs.

S/N improvement method for 3D seismic data; Sanjigen jishin tansa data no S/N hi kaizenho ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minegishi, M; Sato, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-10-22

Discussions were given on a method to suppress coherent noise in data derived from a non-uniform vibration transmitting-receiving point layout in three-dimensional seismic exploration. The discussions attempted suppression of coherent noise by utilizing a prediction filter for the frequency-space zone. The prediction filter for the frequency-space zone is a filter which handles coherent waveforms found in the record as a signal, and attenuates random noise. Methods to remove coherent noise may include paralleling of signals, making the tracing order random, use of an FX prediction filter, restoration of the tracing order, and restoration of the signal positions. As a result of the discussion using a simple model, it was made clear that coherent noise distributed spatially can be suppressed and signals can be extracted by applying the frequency-space zone filter. In addition, the signals extracted by this operation were found to maintain well the original waveforms. 7 refs., 9 figs.

Suppression of 3D coherent noise by areal geophone array; Menteki jushinki array ni yoru sanjigen coherent noise no yokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murayama, R; Nakagami, K; Tanaka, H [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1996-05-01

For improving the quality of data collected by reflection seismic exploration, a lattice was deployed at one point of a traverse line, and the data therefrom were used to study the 3D coherent noise suppression effect of the areal array. The test was conducted at a Japan National Oil Corporation test field in Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture. The deployed lattice had 144 vibration receiving points arrayed at intervals of 8m composing an areal array, and 187 vibration generating points arrayed at intervals of 20m extending over 6.5km. Data was collected at the vibration receiving points in the lattice, each point acting independently from the others, and processed for the composition of a large areal array, with the said data from plural vibration receiving points added up therein. As the result of analysis of the records covering the data collected at the receiving points in the lattice, it is noted that an enlarged areal array leads to a higher S/N ratio and that different reflection waves are emphasized when the array direction is changed. 1 ref., 6 figs.

Three-dimensional mise-a-la-masse modeling using horizontal well; Suihei kosei wo mochiita ryuden den`iho no sanjigen modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mizunaga, H; Ushijima, K; Hashimoto, K; Masuda, K [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-01

The 3-D model program was developed to apply a mise-a-la-masse method to linear current sources with optional shapes. Mise-a-la-masse method is a bipolar mapping survey method using current sources installed in wells, and recently has been widely used for direct exploration of geothermal reservoirs. This method is also used for monitoring underground fluid as electrode arrangement of fluid flow tomography for surveying underground fluid (geothermal fluid, underground water, petroleum). In the geothermal reservoir exploration, the casing pipes of wells are used as linear current sources, and measured data are processed as those based on vertical current source. In the largely inclined well, the inclination of current sources should be considered. The 3-D modeling program was developed by difference calculus using the theoretical potential equation and apparent resistivity based on linear current sources with optional 3-D shapes. The numerical model experiment result clarified that the previous theoretical equation for vertical wells is inapplicable to inclined linear current sources because of clear asymmetric apparent resistivity distribution. 6 refs., 6 figs.

A preliminary assessment of potential doses to man from radioactive waste dumped in the Arctic Sea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nielsen, S P [Forskningscente Risoe, Roskilde (Denmark); Iosjpe, M; Strand, P [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oesteraas (Norway)

1995-09-01

This report describes a preliminary radiological assessment of collective doses to the world population from radioactive material dumped in the Barents and Kara Seas in the period 1961-1991. Information on the dumped waste and the rates of release of radionuclides have been available from Russian sources and from the International Atomic Energy Agency. A box model has been used to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment and to calculate the contamination of seafood and the subsequent radiation doses to man. Two release scenarios have been adopted. The worst-case release scenario which ignores the presence of barriers between spent nuclear fuel and seawater is estimated to give rise to about 10 mansieverts calculated to 1000 years from the time of release. A more realistic release scenario is estimated to cause about 3 mansieverts. In both cases exposure from the radionuclide {sup 137}Cs is found to dominate the doses. (au) 8 tabs., 56 ills., 19 refs.

National uranium resource evaluation, Hot Springs Quadrangle, South Dakota and Nebraska

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Truesdell, D.B.; Daddazio, P.L.; Martin, T.S.

1982-06-01

The Hot Springs Quadrangle, South Dakota and Nebraska, was evaluated to a depth of 1500 m to identify environments and delineate areas favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits. The evaluation used criteria developed by the National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. Surface reconnaissance was conducted using a portable scintillometer and a gamma spectrometer. Geochemical sampling was carried out in all geologic environments accessible within the quadrangle. Additional investigations included the followup of aerial radiometric and hydrogeochemical anomalies and a subsurface study. Environments favorable for sandstone-type deposits occur in the Inyan Kara Group and Chadron Member of the White River Group. Environments favorable for marine black-shale deposits occur in the Hayden Member of the Minnelusa Formation. A small area of the Harney Peak Granite is favorable for authigenic deposits. Environments considered unfavorable for uranium deposits are the Precambrian granitic and metasedimentary rocks and Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks other than those previously mentioned

A preliminary assessment of potential doses to man from radioactive waste dumped in the Arctic sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, S.P.; Iosjpe, M.; Strand, P.

1995-11-01

This report describes a preliminary radiological assessment of collective doses to the world population from radioactive material dumped in the Kara and Barents Seas in the period 1961-1991. Information on the dumped waste and the rates of release of radionuclides have been available from Russian sources and from the International Atomic Energy Agency. A box model has been used to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment and to calculate the contamination of seafood and the subsequent radiation doses to man. Two release scenarios have been adopted. The worst-case release scenario, which ignores the presence of barriers between spent nuclear fuel and seawater, is estimated to give rise to about 10 mansievert calculated to 1000 years from the time of release. A more realistic release scenario is estimated to cause about 3 mansieverts. In both cases exposure from the radionuclide 137 Cs is found to dominate the doses. 19 refs., 56 figs., 8 tabs

Transport of plutonium in surface and sub-surface waters from the Arctic shelf to the North Pole via the Lomonosov Ridge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leon Vintro, L.; McMahon, C.A.; Mitchell, P.I.; Josefsson, D.; Holm, E.; Roos, P.

2002-01-01

New data on the levels and long-range transport of plutonium in the Arctic Ocean, recorded in the course of two expeditions to this zone in 1994 and 1996, are discussed in this paper. Specifically, approximately 100 plutonium measurements in surface and sub-surface water sampled at 58 separate stations throughout the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, as well as along latitudinal transects across the Lomonosov Ridge, are reported and interpreted in terms of the circulation pathways responsible for the transport of this element from the North Atlantic to the Arctic Shelf and into the Arctic interior. In addition, the behaviour of plutonium in its transit through the vast Arctic shelf seas to open waters under extreme environmental conditions is discussed in terms of the partitioning of plutonium between filtered (<0.45 μm) seawater and suspended particulate, and its association with colloidal matter. Finally, limited evidence of the presence of a colloidal plutonium component in Arctic waters subject to direct riverine input is adduced

The measurement of I-129 in the Canadian Arctic basin and other Arctic waters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kilius, L.R.; Zhao, X.L.

1995-01-01

Since the first demonstration by accelerator mass spectrometry for the measurement of 129 I in oceanic systems, the use of 129 I as a long range tracer has become widespread because the constraint of large sample volumes has been removed. Following extensive measurements of 129 I in both the Barents and Kara Seas, seawater samples were collected within the Canadian Arctic Basin, and at a cruise from the Chuchi Sea, across the pole, to the Norwegian Sea. Only 450 ml samples were required for all AMS measurements of Arctic seawater. Enhanced concentrations of 129 I were observed. Based on 137 Cs measurements for the same samples, the 129 I/ 137 Cs ratios showed the signature of Sellafield reprocessing effluents as the primary source of this 129 I. Based on average estimates, 13% of the total Sellafield/La Hague 129 I emissions now resides within the Atlantic layer of the Arctic Ocean. 7 refs., 3 figs

Development of efficient system for collection-analysis-application of information using system for technology and information in field of RI-biomics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, Sol Ah; Kim, Joo Yeon; Park, Tai Jin

2015-01-01

RI-Biomics is the new radiation fusion technology of which, such as the characteristics of radioisotope, is applied to the biomics. In order to sharing and overall analysis of data between the institutions through total management of information in the field of RI-Biomics, RI-Biomics Information portal ‘RIBio-Info’ was constructed by KARA (Korean Association for Radiation Application) in February 2015. For systematic operation of this ‘RIBio-Info’ system, it is required to develop system of collection-analysis-application of information. So, in this paper, we summarized development of document forms at each processes of collection-analysis-application of information and systematization of collection methods of information, establishment of characteristically analysis methods of reports such as issue paper, policy report, global market report and watch report. Therefore, these are expected to improving the practical applicability in this field through the vitalization of technology development of users by achieving the circular structure of collection analysis-application of information

ISOLDE’s rarest isotopes

CERN Multimedia

Katarina Anthony

2013-01-01

The ISOLDE physics section (PH-SME-IS) has recently observed an unusual transformation… one that may well be a sign of things to come for CERN.   The ISOLDE PH team, from left to right: Jennifer Weterings (user support), Susanne Kreim (research fellow), Marek Pfützner* (scientific associate), Maria Garcia Borge (team leader), Elisa Rapisarda (research fellow) , Magdalena Kowalska (physics coordinator), Jan Kurcewicz* (applied fellow), Monika Stachura (future applied fellow). Not in the photo: Kara Lynch (PhD student). Although more and more women are going into the physical sciences, it’s no secret that it remains a male-dominated field. But over the past six months, the ISOLDE PH section has become an exception to this rule: with female physicists outnumbering their male colleagues 3 to 1. “We’re probably one of the few teams at CERN where the personnel is mostly female,” says Magdalena Kowalska, the ISOLDE Physics Coordinator. &am...

Analysis of the Warmest Arctic Winter, 2015-2016

Science.gov (United States)

Cullather, Richard I.; Lim, Young-Kwon; Boisvert, Linette N.; Brucker, Ludovic; Lee, Jae N.; Nowicki, Sophie M. J.

2016-01-01

December through February 2015-2016 defines the warmest winter season over the Arctic in the observational record. Positive 2m temperature anomalies were focused over regions of reduced sea ice cover in the Kara and Barents Seas and southwestern Alaska. A third region is found over the ice-covered central Arctic Ocean. The period is marked by a strong synoptic pattern which produced melting temperatures in close proximity to the North Pole in late December and anomalous high pressure near the Taymyr Peninsula. Atmospheric teleconnections from the Atlantic contributed to warming over Eurasian high-latitude land surfaces, and El Niño-related teleconnections explain warming over southwestern Alaska and British Columbia, while warm anomalies over the central Arctic are associated with physical processes including the presence of enhanced atmospheric water vapor and an increased downwelling longwave radiative flux. Preconditioning of sea ice conditions by warm temperatures affected the ensuing spring extent.

Predicted radionuclide release from reactor-related unenclosed solid objects dumped in the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean, east coast of Kamchatka

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mount, M.E.; Lynn, N.M.; Warden, J.M.

1996-06-01

Between 1978 and 1991 reactor-related solid radioactive waste was dumped by the former Soviet Union as unenclosed objects in the Pacific Ocean, east coast of Kamchatka, and the Sea of Japan. This paper presented estimates for the current (1994) inventory of activation and corrosion products contained in the reactor-related unenclosed solid objects. In addition, simple models derived for prediction of radionuclide release from marine reactors dumped in the Kara Sea are applied to certain of the dumped objects to provide estimates of radionuclide release to the Pacific Ocean, east coast of Kamchatka, and Sea of Japan environments. For the Pacific Ocean, east coast of Kamchatka, total release rates start below 0.01 GBq yr -1 and over 1,000 years, fall to 100 Bq yr -1 . In the Sea of Japan, the total release rate starts just above 1 GBq yr - 1 , dropping off to a level less than 0.1 GBq yr -1 , extending past the year 4,000

DANIEL MUNDURUKU E KAKA WERÁ JECUPÉ: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE LEITURA DO MUNDO DO OUTRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alana Fries

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo propõe que a experiência de leitura de textos de autoria indígena se mostra repleta de elementos que ultrapassam o âmbito literário, assim como os processos vivenciados por esses autores. Para alcançar o relato analítico das leituras de “Karaíba: uma história do pré-Brasil”, de Daniel Munduruku, e “Todas as vezes que dissemos adeus”, de Kaka Werá Jecupé, percorre-se uma reflexão que abrange elementos históricos e sociológicos que compõem a relação da sociedade não indígena com “o outro” indígena, e as noções de escrita e oralidade, de modo a identificar o que pode existir virtualmente entre autor, leitor e obra, interagindo com as possíveis leituras que os textos podem proporcionar.

Investing in CIS: obstacles and strategies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1996-01-01

The CIS (Community of Independent States) needs the help of foreign investments to develop its huge hydrocarbon potentialities. Because of the uncertainties concerning the legal and fiscal context of their activities, the role of the international oil companies has remained limited so far. These problems were discussed in May 1996 during an important ''General Session'' of the OTC 96 congress. Proven and explored onshore oil reserves in Russia are enormous, in particular in Western and Eastern Siberia. However, the economically most interesting resources are located in the offshore zones of the Barents, Pechora and Kara seas and of Eastern Siberia and Okhotsk. This paper describes the last years decay of oil production in CIS and its causes, in particular the obstacles to foreign investments (exportation and transport taxes), the recent contracts and joint-ventures with American major companies (Exxon, Amoco..), and the situation of the Russian industry in petroleum engineering and field exploitation materials. (J.S.)

Development of efficient system for collection-analysis-application of information using system for technology and information in field of RI-biomics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jang, Sol Ah; Kim, Joo Yeon; Park, Tai Jin [Korean Association for Radiation Application, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2015-08-15

RI-Biomics is the new radiation fusion technology of which, such as the characteristics of radioisotope, is applied to the biomics. In order to sharing and overall analysis of data between the institutions through total management of information in the field of RI-Biomics, RI-Biomics Information portal ‘RIBio-Info’ was constructed by KARA (Korean Association for Radiation Application) in February 2015. For systematic operation of this ‘RIBio-Info’ system, it is required to develop system of collection-analysis-application of information. So, in this paper, we summarized development of document forms at each processes of collection-analysis-application of information and systematization of collection methods of information, establishment of characteristically analysis methods of reports such as issue paper, policy report, global market report and watch report. Therefore, these are expected to improving the practical applicability in this field through the vitalization of technology development of users by achieving the circular structure of collection analysis-application of information.

Doświadczenie poznania unicestwiającego w myśli adwajtystycznej

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paweł SAJDEK

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The well-known anecdote about Śaṅkara fleeing from a charging bull indicates the existenceof some kind of reality and inherent logic in the empirical world. It also implies a hierarchy ofreality as far as the existence rooted in avidyā is concerned. The article gives an account of twodivergent opinions on such a hierarchy in advaita philosophy, each advocated by an eminentscholar – E. Deutsch and P. Hacker. Unquestionably, the hierarchy concerns exclusively thesuperimposed reality. From the point of view of the vidyā all the levels of the phenomenal existenceare no longer valid. The cognition of the ultimate reality is called ‘sublation’ by Deutschand ‘contradiction’ by Hacker. The present article includes a suggestion of a new, presumablymore adequate term – ‘the annihilating cognition’, since the cognition of the ultimate realityinevitably involves the certainty of the non existence and the illusory nature of the phenomenalworld.

A preliminary assessment of potential doses to man from radioactive waste dumped in the Arctic Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, S.P.; Iosjpe, M.; Strand, P.

1995-09-01

This report describes a preliminary radiological assessment of collective doses to the world population from radioactive material dumped in the Barents and Kara Seas in the period 1961-1991. Information on the dumped waste and the rates of release of radionuclides have been available from Russian sources and from the International Atomic Energy Agency. A box model has been used to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment and to calculate the contamination of seafood and the subsequent radiation doses to man. Two release scenarios have been adopted. The worst-case release scenario which ignores the presence of barriers between spent nuclear fuel and seawater is estimated to give rise to about 10 mansieverts calculated to 1000 years from the time of release. A more realistic release scenario is estimated to cause about 3 mansieverts. In both cases exposure from the radionuclide 137 Cs is found to dominate the doses. (au) 8 tabs., 56 ills., 19 refs

Gaharu, from the metabolomic aspect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chong Saw Peng; Ahsanulkhaliqin Abdul Wahab; Mohd Fajri Osman; Shyful Azizi Abdul Rahman; Khairuddin Abdul Rahim; Mat Rasol Awang

2006-01-01

Agarwood, one of the timber woody plant which has the similar response as grand fir toward external invasion and is able to produce oleoresin as the secondary metabolite from plant defense system to inhibit the invader and heal the wound. Species of agarwood found in Malaysia is known as Aquilaria malaccensis, and locally known as karas or depu. A. malaccensis is valuable due to its oleoresin (gaharu). Gaharu is a product produced in the secondary metabolic pathway known as terpenoid synthesis pathway. In order to switch on this pathway, the plant defense system need to be induced and lead to the octadecanoid pathway where the linolenic acid (LA) converts to jasmonic acid (JA). Jasmonic acid is the major key to switch the plant metabolic pathway from primary metabolic pathway to secondary metabolic pathway. To prove this hypothesis, some researches on molecular study such as gene expression and protein expression are conducted to identify key components, which will lead to the manipulation of the metabolic pathway. (Author)

Pan-Arctic distributions of continental runoff in the Arctic Ocean.

Science.gov (United States)

Fichot, Cédric G; Kaiser, Karl; Hooker, Stanford B; Amon, Rainer M W; Babin, Marcel; Bélanger, Simon; Walker, Sally A; Benner, Ronald

2013-01-01

Continental runoff is a major source of freshwater, nutrients and terrigenous material to the Arctic Ocean. As such, it influences water column stratification, light attenuation, surface heating, gas exchange, biological productivity and carbon sequestration. Increasing river discharge and thawing permafrost suggest that the impacts of continental runoff on these processes are changing. Here, a new optical proxy was developed and implemented with remote sensing to determine the first pan-Arctic distribution of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) and continental runoff in the surface Arctic Ocean. Retrospective analyses revealed connections between the routing of North American runoff and the recent freshening of the Canada Basin, and indicated a correspondence between climate-driven changes in river discharge and tDOM inventories in the Kara Sea. By facilitating the real-time, synoptic monitoring of tDOM and freshwater runoff in surface polar waters, this novel approach will help understand the manifestations of climate change in this remote region.

Prospect of mechanical engineering. Report from MIT; Kikai kogaku no atarashii tenkai. MIT kara no hokoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asada, H [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)

1996-01-05

The author of this article is a professor of Department of Mechanical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the director general of Laboratory for Information Systems and Technology of the institute. At Department of Mechanical Engineering of Engineering Faculty of world-famous MIT, Laboratory for Information Systems and Technology was established in 1994 and in the same year, the curricula of the department were greatly revised after 30 years for its enforcement from the new semester starting from September, 1995. These two occasions are suggestive for guessing the future of mechanical engineering, hence its aim and meaning are introduced. Department of Mechanical Engineering aims to bring up system integrators who can consolidate systems based on wide-ranged knowledge, and its basic subjects are divided into 4 subjects namely dynamics and control, heat and fluid, system engineering and control, and design and production, and it has been decided that each of them is taught in equal weight and in parallel. Also as a new study field in the above Department of Mechanical Engineering, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence, and high-technological aircraft and networks are shown as examples.

Welcome to the Largest International Fair of the Balkans: The Borderli-ness of Kara Boaz Fair

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Antova

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The location of this study is the border area of the North – West Bulgaria at Bulgarian – Serbian border, near the town of Belogradchik. As a result of several times redrawing of nation state borders between Serbia (Yugoslavia and Bulgaria during 20th century the borderland population, named Torlatsi had been separated. The Kada Boaz Fair creates a safe space and time for meeting of the separated families and friends, living at the both sides of the border. Very significant point is that the place of the Kada Boaz Fair is widely exploited of all local and governmental authorities from both sides since 2000 as a place to re-construct economic and social relations. The aim of the paper is to discuss which are the factors influencing the real openness and the making borders pervious. The paper explores the border crossing of Bulgarian and Serbian population, living at both sides of national borders on an everyday level, while trying to explain its notions in different periods of time (Socialist past, Yugo-embargo, EU accession of Bulgaria. The presentation answers the question how people use the political situations and politicians so that they could benefit from certain circumstances on their everyday level of life.

Performance analysis in Japanese field test program; Field test data kara no chiiki hatsuden kaiseki hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, H.; Kurokawa, K.; Uchida, D. [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan); Otani, K.; Sakuta, K.; Tsuda, I. [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan); Oshiro, T.; Sakamoto, K. [Japan Quality Assurance Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Power generation characteristics are investigated using data collected in photovoltaic power generation field tests being undertaken by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). The photovoltaic power generation system performance is evaluated by examining loss factors leading to degradation in system performance, with weather conditions such as variation in insolation and air temperature, inverter performance, and shadows cast by surrounding buildings taken into consideration. As the result, it is found that the important loss factors are degradation in module performance due to elevated temperature, drift in the maximum output control, degraded inverter performance due to input power variation, effect of shadows, etc. It is learned that system is greatly affected by degradation in module performance due to increased temperature in summer and by shadows in winter, the two being responsible for the output coefficient dropping to approximately 75% throughout the year. The output coefficient frequency distribution charts for the 75 test sites confirm that the rate is as low as 70-80% at many sites. As for the system operating time, it tends to be longer in West Japan where the annual insolation rate is higher. 3 refs., 10 figs.

Properties of soap prepared from waste edible oil. Haishokuyu kara sakuseishita sekken no seijo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kajinoto, G.; Yamaguchi, H. (Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe (Japan). Faculty of Nutrition)

1992-08-30

Discussions were given on properties of soap prepared from waste edible oil. A fresh oil, and soybean and rapeseed oils with different thermal oxidation degrees were used to prepare soap. On the other hand soap was made using wast edible oil after used at home. Soap made from fresh oil and thermally oxidized oil under a 3-hour heating at 90[degree]C has less non-saponified fat. Soap made from a large amount of waste edible oil. taking 34 days had much residual fat, proving these were insufficiently saponified. Slightly higher values were recognized in the soap from fresh oil for anisidine value (An.V), carbonyl value (CV), peroxide value (POV) and the content of oxidized fatty acids than in fresh oil itself. On the other hand, the An.V and CV in the soap made from thermally oxidized oil were lower than those for thermally oxidized oil itself. The An. V and CV in the soap made from waste edible oil were higher than those in waste edible oil itself. As the soap has been stored, all of the soap showed increase in the An.V, the CV, the POV and the oxidized fatty acid amount, but the fatty acid composition showed no change. 9 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

Investigations on forests from viewpoints of global environment; Shinrin no chikyu kankyoteki shiten kara no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Forests have become drawing attention as an absorption source of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse effect gas. This paper discusses significance of forests from viewpoints of their roles as diverse ecological systems and socio-economic values. Forest is a place for living and resting of all kinds of living organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms. Living forms in forests being affluent in kinds and large in amount bring great favor to human societies. Forests play diversified roles other than biological roles in addition to largely affecting heat distribution on the ground through evapotranspiration. These roles include suppression of erosion on ground surface, alleviation of micro climate by reducing wind velocity on the ground, and disaster prevention. Forests have an aspect of supply source of production resources for societies as well as an aspect of unused lands. Efficiency of converting solar energy by plants looks inferior to that of solar cells. Biomass may be regarded as regenerative energy limited to a case where excess production is utilized. 142 refs., 56 figs., 44 tabs.

Buried and Massive Ground Ice on the West Coast of Baidaratskaya Bay in the Kara Sea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. G. Belova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Using data on the structure, conditions of occurrence (bedding, and the isotope composition of massive ice beds on the West coast of Baydaratskaya Bay it was established that the massive ice beds even occurring in the same outcrop may be related to different genetic types. There are two groups of the massive ice: 1 the «upper» thick (> 3 m massive ice beds composed by buried basal glacier ice; and 2 the «lower» small ice beds (< 3 m, formed both intrasedimentally and as a result of burial of initially surface ice bodies. Sand thickness which included both groups of the massive ice started its formation before the glacial ice burial. As a result of advancing and later degradation of the glacier, probably moving from the Pay-Khoy ridge or from the Polar Ural, its lower (basal parts were preserved within the permafrost thickness. 

Study of carbon dioxide (CO sub 2 ) problems through marine science. Kaiyo kara mita nisankatanso mondai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Honda, M [Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Kanagawa (Japan)

1990-09-01

This paper reviews the researches relating to carbon dioxide circulation in oceans, and introduces the roles played by oceans in respect of the CO {sub 2} problem. Oceans occupy 70% of the globe {prime} s surface area, and contain 60 times as much of carbon as in the atmosphere. However, the amount of CO {sub 2} absorbed from the atmosphere into the oceans as has been estimated to date can not explain the carbon balance on earth. The exchange rate of CO {sub 2} between the atmosphere and the oceans was estimated from measurements of the partial pressure (PCO {sub 2}), and from behaviors of the radiocarbon ({sup 14} C). However, to raise the estimation accuracy, it is necessary to obtain data from the sea areas where observations are carried out only infrequently, and from the winter season during which the observation frequency is low. Identifying variations in organic and inorganic carbon amount generated by marine organisms is also important. Since more than 99.9% of carbon is present in the form of carbonate, it is required that its amount, and the amount of precipitation and dissolution per unit time be identified, and that CO {sub 2} removed from the carbon cycle be quantified. What is particularly required is the study of open-sea bottom deposits, and the coastal study with coral reefs as the main object. 40 refs., 30 figs., 11 tabs.

Structure of non-equilibrium seeded plasma excited with microwave; Micro ha reiki hiheiko seed plasma no kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyakawa, M.; Murakami, T.; Suekane, T.; Okuno, Y.; Kabashima, S. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-20

Structure of non-equilibrium cesium seeded argon plasma excited with microwave power is simulated numerically. The plasmas produced at suitable microwave powers are found to consist of three regimes, that is, the region limited by charged particle loss toward the wall, the full seed ionization and the diffusion limited regions. The fully ionized seed plasma is produced within the skin-depth determined by the electrical conductivity of the plasma, and the thickness of the fully ionized seed plasma depends on the seed fractions gas pressure and microwave power. 15 refs., 6 figs.

Structural changes in deashed coals induced by heat treatment; Kanetsu shori ni yoru dakkaitan no kozo henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugano, M.; Sekita, M.; Muramatsu, Y.; Mashimo, K.; Wainai, T. [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan). College of Science and Technology

1996-10-28

Change in structures of 3 kinds of coals with different coal ranks and their deashed coals was studied by heat treatment below 200{degree}C. In experiment, crushed Adaro, Taiheiyo and Huaibei coals below 200mesh and their deashed coals were used as specimens. The coal and deashed coal specimens dried in vacuum at 110{degree}C for 3 hours were filled into an autoclave, and the heat-treated coal specimens were prepared by holding them under initial nitrogen pressure of 2kg/cm{sup 2} at a fixed temperature for 30min. Extraction using pyridine as solvent, volumetric swelling using methanol or benzene as solvent, and measurement of the amount of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups were conducted for these coal specimens. The experimental results are as follows. Huaibei coal has developed aromatic ring structure, and its structure is hardly affected by heat treatment. The oxygen containing functional groups decrease by heat treatment over 100{degree}C in Adaro coal and 150{degree}C in Taiheiyo coal, and PS, MQ and BQ also decrease due to aggregation between molecules. 5 refs., 2 figs.

Velocity structure of Nojima-fault by VSP method; VSP ho ni yoru Nojima danso no sokudo kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuwahara, Y; Ito, H; Kiguchi, T; Miyazaki, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-05-01

In order to investigate in detail structures of the fractured fault band, the VSP tests were conducted using a 750m deep borehole penetrating the Nojima fault in Awaji Island. The borehole penetrates the fault clay band at a depth of 624m in the Hirabayashi area. The offset VSP survey, conducted by the aid of hydrophone through the naked borehole, detects many characteristic phenomena resulting from the fault fracture. Largely fractured lithofacies are found by the core observation at a depth in a range from 557 to 673m. P-waves propagate at 4.6 and 5.1km/s above and below the fractured band, respectively. The fractured band is subdivided into 2 sections, both being of low speed of 4.5 and 3.1km/s. The X1 and X2 phases resulting from the fault fracture are also observed, above and below the fractured band. The causes for these wave phases are now under investigation. 4 figs.

Structural study of synthetic polymers by MALDI-TOFMS; MALDI-TOFMS ni yoru gosei kobunshi no kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noguchi, K.; Hirayama, K. [Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-08-01

As observation results on the time-dependent change in the ring-opening reaction of novolac epoxy resin with acetic acid by MALDI-TOFMS, the epoxy ring was opened with reaction time, the hydroxy group formed by the ring-opening reaction was acetylated, those components were measured. In the case of the FABMS/MS observation of materials and the reaction products, the estimation structure could be confirmed from the measured results of MALDI-TOFMS. In the polymerization of bisphenol A epoxy resin with N, N`-dimethylethylenediamine, it was observed by MALDI-TOFMS that many kinds of polymers with high molecular weight were formed with an increase of reaction time. In this case, the LSIMS/MS observation of materials and the reaction products was carried out, the estimation structure could be confirmed from the measured results of MALDI-TOFMS. 19 refs., 8 figs.

Structural analyses of very large semi-submersibles in waves; Choogata hansensuishiki futai no harochu kozo oto kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iijima, K.; Yoshida, K.; Suzuki, H. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-08-01

An analysis method in which the technique of a vehicle obtained when a three-dimensional singular point distribution method and Kagemoto`s mutual interaction theory are combined was expanded for the fluid area was proposed as the structural analysis of very large semi-submersibles in waves. A partial structure method is used for the structure. In a fluid area, the number of unknown quantities appearing in a final expression could be largely reduced by introducing the new concept of a group body. In this process, both hydro-elasticity and hydrodynamic mutual interaction are considered. As a result, floating bodies that could not be previously calculated can be modeled as a three-dimensional frame structure and the response analysis in waves can be carried out without damaging the accuracy. The calculation result is used as the input data required for analyzing the structural fatigue locally during structural design of very large semi-submersibles in the 3,000 (m) class. This study can present a series of procedures between the response analysis of very large floating bodies in waves and the structural design. 11 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.

Resistivity structures imaging using time-domain electromagnetic data; TDEM ho ni yoru chika hiteiko kozo no imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noguchi, K [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan). School of Science and Engineering; Endo, M [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

The kernel function for transient vertical magnetic dipole was defined for semi-infinite uniform medium, and the 1-D imaging algorithm by TDEM (time-domain electromagnetic) method was developed for underground resistivity structure. Electromagnetic migration method directly images sectional resistivity profiles from the data observed by frequency-domain MT method, and determines underground resistivity profiles by integral equation of MT field using the concept of return travel time in reflection seismic exploration. The method reported in this paper is also one of the EM migration methods. The imaging algorithm of 2-D resistivity structure was developed by correcting 1-D imaging in consideration of the effect of 2-D anomaly on 1-D imaging (the resistivity of anomaly can be obtained from the resistivity contrast between anomaly and medium). The conventional methods require enormous forward computation, while this method can obtain underground resistivity structure in extremely short computation time, resulting in superior practicability. 12 refs., 7 figs.

Structure of poly (. beta. -alanine) polymerized in the solid state. Koso jugo shita. beta. -alanine no kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakabe, Hiroshi; Nakamura, Hiroyoshi; Kimura, Hirokazu; Konishi, Takashi [Kyoto Inst. of Tech., Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Textile Science

1989-12-05

The structure of poly({beta}-alanine) polymerized in the solid state was studied. This polymerization was carried out on a single crystal of {beta}-alanine at 170 centigrade for 40 h in an evacuated tube. The crystal structure of the polymer was assigned to I-type crystal of Nylon 3. The polymer chains were oriented vertical to the crystal side and different to monomer crystal orientation. This may be caused by the molecular layer slipping along the cleavage plane of monomer crystal. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) showed the band structure of hundreds nm width of same orientation, but X ray showed only unoriented rings, so that they are estimated to be the structure of fine fibril like assembly or necklace like continuous chain structure of grains. Near the surface, whiskers which were thought to be oligomer of low degree of polymerization, were observed. The SEM of end view of the etched surface did not show the laminated structure but showed the network structure of about 1 mu-m which is thought to be fibril precursor. 12 refs., 10 figs.

Deep geological strucure of a volcano verified by seismic wave. Jishinha de mita kazan no shinbu kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, A. (Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Science)

1991-09-01

Three dimensional structure of seismic wave velocity for the crest and upper mantle under the North East Japan is determined by the seismic tomography which is prepared by the natural earthquakes confirmed by the observation network for micro earthquakes, indicating that the low velocity region exists just under the corresponding volcano to the upper mantle. Further, the following contents can be verified: Any micro earthquakes which are verified by the above observation network and occur at the depth of 25-40km show the lower generation rate less than 1% and the low dominant frequency compared with the conventional inland earthquake(lower limit of depth is 15km) in the same region and occur around volcanos. The existence of the remarkable reflection surface for S wave which is found at the depth of 10-20km seems to be caused by the melting mass. The above mentioned low velocity region is estimated to correspond to the lifting region of high temperature magma, micro earthquakes of low frequency to the magma activity around that magma and the reflection surface for S wave to the part of the magma. 8 refs., 4 figs.

Study on the structural characteristics of extradosed concrete bridges; Ekusutoradozudo kyo no kozo tokusei ni kansuru ichikosatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oka, Y. [Japan Highway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Kasuga, A. [Sumitomo Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Yamazaki, J. [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Coll. of Science and Engineering

1997-03-31

Parameters are analyzed to provide data for deciding, in the planning and designing stages, whether a cable stayed bridge or an extradosed bridge should be adopted. Comparative investigation of the vibration properties of both types of bridges is also referred to. The result of the study on the structural properties of the cable stayed road bridge and the extradosed road bridge is introduced. Based on the concept of the extradosed bridge, designers are now able to select without restraint the after load sharing rate of the diagonal members. Parameter analysis of a diagonal member reinforced 3-span continuous beam is performed. By introducing indices showing the load sharing rate of the diagonal member, the cable stayed bridge can be distinguished logically from the extradosed bridge in designing. It is found important that the height of the main tower is set to approximately 10% the length of the center span for the construction of the extradosed bridge. The vibration properties of the cable stayed bridge and the extradosed bridge of the same scale are compared. 7 refs., 18 figs., 6 tabs.

Improved design of three-dimensional lens for low concentrator PV modules; Teishukogata taiyo denchiyo sanjigen lens no koseinoka ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goma, S; Yoshioka, K; Saito, T [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Attention is paid to reduction in area required for solar cells by solar concentration as a means of solving cost limits of solar cells and unstable supply of Si materials. Low concentration solar cells are effective from the aspects of utilization of scattered light and unnecessary ray tracing. The optical concentration ratio was calculated of three-dimensional lens having design values of various north/south and east/west direction allowable incidence half angles. The three-dimensional lens are designed by cutting a rectangular parallelepiped by the two-dimensional composite elliptical plane designed by various allowable incidence half angles from two directions of north/south and east/west. Using Perez`s sky solar radiation models and meteorological data HASP, calculated were the annual accumulated global radiation ratio on an inclined surface and the optical efficiency. Calculated were the solar cell area ratio and solar concentration area ratio of the concentration type to obtain solar radiation the same as that of the planar type. From the optimization calculation, it was found that lens are optimal which have design values of north/south and east/west direction allowable incidence half angles of 30-70deg. The solar cell area ratio is 57% and the solar concentration area ratio is 1.2 times. It was found that by making the module area 1.2 times, more than 40% of the solar cells used can be saved. 5 refs., 8 figs.

Radioactive parameters of waters of the Syr-Darya river basin on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Idrisova, S.; Vasiliev, I.A.; Alekhina, V.M.; Mamatibraimov, S.; Orozobakov, T.

2004-01-01

Full text: Within the framework of the International Cooperation Program in the sphere of the transboundary monitoring of the rivers between the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and the United States of America ( N avruz , ISTC KR-850 Project), in addition, in the Kyrgyz Republic, the isotopic content (isotopic ratio of 234 U/ 238 U=γ ), and the uranium content (CU) in the waters was measured. The isotopic ratio 234 U/ 238 U=γ of the waters of the rivers Naryn and Kara-Daria basins has no anomalous values of 234 U/ 238 U, which indicates the absence of the man-caused uranium in these rivers. The results of determination of the activity ratio of 234 U/ 238 U and uranium content in the Mailuu-Suu river basin are of great interest. In the upper reaches of the Mailuu-Suu river the uranium content is 0.4 10 -6 g/l (0.8 10 -6 g/l in the flood period), in Mailuu-Suu town (after the tailing dump) - (3 †4) 10 -6 g/l, i.e. this value is an order of magnitude higher, and at the border with Uzbekistan - 1.8 ·10 -6 g/l (3.2 ·10 -6 g/l in the period of flooding), which is lower as compared with the town. Correspondently, there are changes in the activity ratio from 1.39 (in the upper reaches of the river) to 1.05 (in the town), and 1.32 (1.12 during the flood period) at the border with Uzbekistan. This situation indicates, first, the enrichment of the waters of the rivers with the man-caused uranium ( γ=1), and its subsequent sorption along the river stream. The obtained results indicate the absence of the man-caused uranium in the whole stream of the Naryn and Kara-Daria rivers on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, and lack of noticeable contamination of the waters of the Mailuu-Suu river with the man-caused uranium from the tailing dumps of the Western Mining-Chemical Plant (WMCP, Mailuu-Suu). It also should be noted that the share of the man-caused uranium, transported to Uzbekistan by the Mailuu-Suu river does not exceed 20-30%, and

Peculiarities of S.Typhi isolation from the river water polluted with radionuclides at different times of the year

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toichuev, R. M. [Institute of Medical Problems of the Southern Branch, Osh(Kyrgyzstan)

2012-09-15

Full text:Objective: to assess the effect of radionuclide pollution of river water on the isolation rate of S. Tuphi at different times of the year. Materials and methods: Since the number of typhoid fever cases reported in the Mayluusuu Valley (23 tailing pits and 16 tailing dumps are located in the area) tends to increase after the mudslides we collected river water specimens considering all these factors. Water specimens were collected from the Mayluusuu River, Shaidan-sai River, Kara-Unkur River and Ak-Buura River. Bacterial inoculation was performed in accordance with standard procedures. Concentration levels of pesticides (DDT, DDE, DDD, GCCG {alpha}, {beta}, {gamma} Aldrin and Dieldrin) were measured with a spectrograph. The present work was done in the framework of the ISTC Project KR-1516. Results and discussion: Out of the total of 2360 water specimens collected from the Shaidan-Sai River, S. Typhi was isolated from one (0.04%) water specimen. No cases of S. Typhi isolation from the water specimens collected from the Kara-Unkur River were reported for the past 10 years. Out of the total of 8969 water specimens collected from the Ak-Buura River, isolation of S. Typhi was reported in 4 (0.044%) cases. Starting from 2006 typhoid fever cases have been reported in the winter and spring times among the residents of the Mayluusuu Valley. A total of 1200 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of typhoid fever were admitted to the hospitals during the period. S. Typhi was isolated from 2 out of the total of 51 (3.9%) water specimens collected from the Mayluusuu River in the winter time, 4 (2.4%) out of the total 164 - in the spring time, 3.4% and 4.5% in the summer and autumn, respectively. Concentration levels of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) were 0.025-0.045 mg/l and 0.35-15.0 mg/l. No traces of the pesticides were found in water specimens. DDE at concentration of 0.024 mg/l and GCCG {alpha} (0.06 mg/l) were found in silt specimens collected downstream the Ak

Memories of Statehood in the “Defter-i Genghis-name” »

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Ivanics

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The Turkic peoples of the Volga Region lost their statehood for centuries due to the Russian occupation of the Khanate of Kazan and Astrakhan in the mid–16th century. The memory of statehood among these peoples has been maintained and preserved for posterity through the oral historiography of the steppe. It comes as no surprise then that there has been an effort to create and strengthen the national identities in the post-Soviet Turkic republics with the successive publication of the latest editions of national epics and collections of historical stories. Research objectives and materials: This investigation focuses on one such source that forms part of the oral historiography of the steppe, a Genghis-name compiled and re­corded by an unknown author in the late 17th century. The chapter on Genghis Khan contains two stories that depict the various forms of organisational practices in nomadic states. The first was characteristic of the Golden Horde and the Nogai Horde at its zenith; it concerns the joint rule of the khan and the beglerbeg. The second depicts relations in the late Golden Horde and its successor states, in which the khan and the four chieftains constituted and led the country together. In the Genghis-name we could set the type of a super complex chiefdom headed by Temir Kutlu Khan with his four karačı biy’s of the clans Kiyat, Kongrat, Cathay, Saldzhut. Research results and novelty: It was possible to give an answer to the question why are so different the karačı biy’s of the Great Horde of those in the other late Golden Horde states. A historian can glean information from this story both on the age in which the source was created and on practices of nomadic rule: What stands out above all is that the clans had the right to resist and that they were able to shift away from their tyrannical rulers without any consequences and seek a new ruler for themselves. The steppe lacked the po­wer of law that would have enabled the

Application of forking genetic algorithm to the estimation of an S-wave-velocity structure from Rayleigh-wave dispersion data. With special reference to an exploration method using microtremors; Rayleigh ha no bunsan data kara S ha sokudo kozo wo suiteisuru inversion mondai eno kotaigun tansaku bunkigata identeki algorithm no tekiyo. Bido tansaho ni kanrenshite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, I; Nakanishi, I [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan); Ling, S [Nihon Nessui Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Okada, H [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Discussions were given on a genetic algorithm as a means to solve simultaneously the problems related to stability of solution and dependence on an initial model in estimating subsurface structures using the microtremor exploration method. In the study, a forking genetic algorithm (fGA) to explore solid substance groups was applied to the optimizing simulations for a velocity structure model to discuss whether the algorithm can be used practically. The simulation No. 1 was performed by making the number of layers four for both of the given velocity structure and the optimizing model. On the other hand, the simulation No. 2 was executed by making the number of layers for the given velocity structure greater than that for the optimizing model. As a result, it was verified that wide range exploration may be possible for the velocity structure model, and that a large number of candidates for the velocity structure model may be proposed. In either case, the exploration capability of the fGA exceeded that of the standard simple genetic algorithm. 8 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Pseudo-random data acquisition geometry in 3D seismic survey; Sanjigen jishin tansa ni okeru giji random data shutoku reiauto ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minegishi, M; Tsuburaya, Y [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1996-10-01

Influence of pseudo-random geometry on the imaging for 3D seismic exploration data acquisition has been investigate using a simple model by comparing with the regular geometry. When constituting wave front by the interference of elemental waves, pseudo-random geometry data did not always provide good results. In the case of a point diffractor, the imaging operation, where the constituted wave front was returned to the point diffractor by the interference of elemental waves for the spatial alias records, did not always give clear images. In the case of multi point diffractor, good images were obtained with less noise generation in spite of alias records. There are a lot of diffractors in the actual geological structures, which corresponds to the case of multi point diffractors. Finally, better images could be obtained by inputting records acquired using the pseudo-random geometry rather than by inputting spatial alias records acquired using the regular geometry. 7 refs., 6 figs.

3-D volume rendering visualization for calculated distributions of diesel spray; Diesel funmu kyodo suchi keisan kekka no sanjigen volume rendering hyoji

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshizaki, T; Imanishi, H; Nishida, K; Yamashita, H; Hiroyasu, H; Kaneda, K [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

Three dimensional visualization technique based on volume rendering method has been developed in order to translate calculated results of diesel combustion simulation into realistically spray and flame images. This paper presents an overview of diesel combustion model which has been developed at Hiroshima University, a description of the three dimensional visualization technique, and some examples of spray and flame image generated by this visualization technique. 8 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

3D seismic experiment in the Minaminoshiro area, Akita. Data processing; Akitaken Minaminoshiro chiiki ni okeru sanjigen jishin tansa jikken. Data shori

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, H; Minegishi, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center; Nakagami, K [Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

A 3D seismic experiment was carried out in the Minaminoshiro area in Akita Prefecture, an area difficult of performing seismic exploration. This paper reports progresses during data processing and future problems. The data processing has executed static correction of 3D refraction, 3D DMO correction, and an F-X prediction filter processing on the data in time domain in the 3D seismic exploration as acquired in a spread of 4 km times 5 km in the subject area. The result of the data processing verified existence of a folding structure and the Noshiro thrust fault groups in the east to west direction, and locations of the Sakagawa fault associated therewith. Seen particularly noticeably was a structure having a slope falling north-ward at 15 to 35 degrees in shallow and deep portions on the east side of the Sakagawa fault in the south to north direction. In addition, the Dogiri fault was identified, which has been though to exist in a direction crossing perpendicularly the Noshiro thrust fault groups. It is scheduled that spatial velocity will be analyzed, and data processing will be conducted for deep regions. 7 figs.

Improvement of wells turbine performance by means of 3D guide vanes; Sanjigen annai hane ni yoru wells turbine seino no kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takao, M.; Kim, T.H. [Saga University, Saga (Japan); Setoguchi, T. [Saga University, Saga (Japan). Faculty of Science and Engineering; Inoue, M. [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

2000-02-25

Performance of a Wells turbine was improved by equipping 3D guide vanes before and behind a rotor. For further improvement, 3D guide vanes have been proposed in this paper. The performance of the Wells turbine with 2D and 3D guide vanes have been investigated experimentally by model testing under steady flow conditions. Then, the running and starting characteristics in irregular ocean waves have been obtained by a computer simulation. As a result, it is found that both of the running and starting characteristics of the Wells turbine with 3D guide vanes are superior to those of the turbine with 2D guide vanes. (author)

Simulation study using 3-D wavefield modeling for oil and gas exploration; Sanjigen hadoba modeling wo mochiita sekiyu tanko no simulation study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Saeki, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

As the surroundings of objects of oil exploration grow more complicated, seismic survey methods have turned 3-dimensional and, in this report, several models are examined using the 3-dimensional simulation technology. The result obtained by the conventional wave tracking method is different from actual wavefields, and is unrealistic. The difference method among the fullwave modelling methods demands an exorbitantly long computation time and high cost. A pseudospectral method has been developed which is superior to the difference method, and has been put to practical use thanks to the advent of parallel computers. It is found that a 3-dimensional survey is mandatory in describing faults. After examining the SEG/EAGE Salt model, it is learned that the salt is well-developed and that 3-dimensional depth migration is required for sub-salt exploration. It is also found through simulation of the EAGE/S Overthrust model, which is an elastic model, that no quality records are available on thrust zones in complicated terrains. The records are poor in quality since the actually measured wavefield is regarded as an acoustic wavefield when it is an elastic wavefield. 1 refs., 18 figs., 2 tabs.

Analysis and model-tests on vortex-induced oscillation of bridges; Kyoryo no uzu reishin ni kansuru sanjigen oto kaiseki to fudo jikken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamamura, N. [Hitachi Zosen Corp., Osaka (Japan); Ogasawara, M. [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan); Shiraishi, N. [Maizuru College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Nanjo, M.

1996-07-21

In order to predict the three-dimensional response to vortex-induced oscillation of bridges, a model was investigated using the aerodynamic force coefficient including vortex-induced and self-excited forces, and the nonlinear response coefficient expressing constancy of response to vortex-induced oscillation. In the analysis, change of frequency in wind by the self-excited force, aerodynamic damping term, effect of the mode, and correlation of the vortex-induced force along member axis were taken into account. The aerodynamic force and nonlinear response coefficients were identified from the homogeneous and turbulent flow results of wind tunnel tests using a two-dimensional spring support rigid body model with varied damping factor. The aerodynamic damping term can be estimated from the nonlinear aerodynamic force coefficient, but it was enough to calculate it from the quasi-stationary coefficient in general bridge profiles. The correlation of the vortex-induced force was obtained from measurements of the vertical variation components of trailing flow under the resonance state, or the pressure distribution of the member surface. When comparing to the wind tunnel test of three-dimensional model of cable-stayed bridge, the response amplitude by the present analysis method was consistent well with the test results rather than by the method in which the amplitude of two-dimensional model was corrected. 10 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Coal Liquefaction characteristics and chemical structure of product oil; Sekitan ekika hanno tokusei to seiseibutsu no kagaku kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, H.; Sato, M.; Chiba, T.; Hattori, H. [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan). Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology; Sasaki, M. [Hokkaido National Industrial Research Institute, Sapporo (Japan)

1996-10-28

Through the hydrogenolysis of Wandoan coal and Tanito Harum coal which are used for the NEDOL process, differences of liquefaction characteristics between them were found. The purpose of this study is to grasp these differences as differences of chemical structures of oil fractions. The compound type analysis was conducted for oil fractions obtained at varied reaction temperature for varied reaction time. Coal liquefaction characteristics of these coals were discussed by relating oil yields and chemical structures. For Tanito Harum coal, yields of gas and oil were considered to be lower than those for Wandoan coal, which reflected that the contents of partially hydrogenated hydroaromatics in oil fraction from the former were lower than those from the latter, and that the remarkable change of composition did not occur with the progress of the reaction. For both the coals, the remarkable changes in the average molecular weight of oil fraction were not observed with the progress of the reaction. While, the content of methane gradually increased with the progress of the reaction, which suggested that oil was gradually dealkylated. 5 figs.

Geometrical relaxation of excitations in one-dimensional conjugated polymers; Giichijigen kyoeki kobunshi reiki jotai no shusa kozo kanwa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshizawa, M. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-12-15

Large ultrafast optical nonlinearities in conjugated polymers have attracted much attention because of possible applications to nonlinear optical devices. One-dimensional systems such as conjugated polymers have localized excited states with geometrical relaxation. In this study, photoexcited states in polydiacetylene has been investigated by femtosecond Raman gain spectroscopy with 300-fs resolution. A new photoinduced Raman peak with lifetime of 1.5 ps has been observed at 1200cm{sup -1} for the first time. This peak indicates acetylene-like structure of the main chain relaxes to butatriene-like structure due to the formation of self-trapped exciting with the geometrical relaxation. The formation and decay kinetics of the Raman signals is consistent with the relaxation processes of exciting observed by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. 8 refs., 5 figs.

Development of simulator for studying formation process of crustal structure. 1; Chikaku kozo keisei simulator no kaihatsu. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsushima, J. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Murakami, Y.; Okubo, Y.; Matsubayashi, O.; Tanaka, A.; Nakajima, Y.; Morijiri, R. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Rokugawa, S. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

The purpose of this study is to combine seismic activity and volcanic activity by reproducing the formation process of the crustal structure from a physical viewpoint or developing as its extension a numerical simulator which can predict the future. The phenomenon to which attention is especially paid at present is a relation between the dynamic process and the thermal process in the domain including the crust or the upper mantle. Namely, to elucidate the formation process of the crust structure, diastrophism also including seismic activity, igneous activity, etc., it is important to evaluate effects of the behavior of heat supplied from the deep on the dynamic process. In the finite element method, it is not easy to make the effect of gravity reflect to the calculation for boundary conditions. Accordingly, it is general to pay attention to stress difference, considering that stress by gravity is in proportion to static rock pressure stress. Further, to realize interaction between the thermal process and the dynamic process, effects of thermal stress are expressed combining the heat conducting analysis and the plastic flow analysis. 3 refs., 7 figs.

Deep sedimentary structure model beneath the Osaka plain; Osaka heiya ni okeru shinbu chika kozo no model ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyakoshi, K; Kagawa, T; Echigo, T [Osaka Soil Test, Osaka (Japan)

1997-05-27

Restructuring was carried out on a sedimentary basin structure model of the Osaka plain including Osaka Bay by using newly obtained underground structural data. After the Hygoken-nanbu Earthquake of 1995, a large number of underground structure investigations have been performed in Osaka Bay and urban areas of Kobe and Osaka. However, very few surveys have been done in areas peripheral to Osaka Prefecture, such as the Ikoma area. Therefore, an attempt has been made to increase the number of measuring points to acquire underground structural data of these areas. Estimation of basic rock depths has utilized the dominant cycles in H/V spectra obtained from micro vibration survey, and good correlation of the base rock depths derived by a refraction exploration and a deep-bed boring investigation. With regard to bed division and P- and S- wave velocities in sedimentary beds in the Osaka sedimentary basin, an underground structure model was prepared, which was divided into four beds according to the refraction exploration and the micro vibration investigation. Data obtained by using this model agreed well with depth data acquired from physical exploration and other types of investigations. However, no good agreement was recognized in the data for such areas where the basic depth changes abruptly as the Rokko fault and the Osaka bay fault. 6 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Adaptation of topology optimization on truck-structure; Kinshitsukaho ni yoru iso saitekika shuho no truck kozo eno tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tachibana, H; Kojima, A; Chiba, S [Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

An optimization using the homogenization method has been applied to a truck-structure on the concept design stage. A truck-structure is grouped into 3 classes (thin plate structure , thick plate structure and solid structure), then example, effectiveness and method for the application for the purpose of weight reduction , high rigidity and high eigen-frequency are introduced. 3 refs., 24 figs., 1 tab.

Influence on the radiation regime and climate of dust aerosols and extensive cloud cover

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kondratev, K Ya; Binenko, V I; Zhavalev, V F; Ivonav, V A; Ter-Markaryants, N E

1983-04-01

The Global Aerosol/Radiation Experiment (GAREX) research programs, carried out in the Kara-Kum desert and in the Arctic and Kamchatka peninsula, has yielded the following conclusions: In the presence of liquid or particulate aerosols, the albedo of the underlying surface/atmosphere system increase over a weakly reflecting surface (water) and decreases over a highly reflecting surface (snow, ice). The albedo of ice of varying concentration and type ranges from 0.4 to 0.8 according to observations from an altitude of 200 m, reaching a maximum in the visible range of the spectrum. The albedo of clouds over the Arctic is noticeably greater than that of similar clouds over a city, over dry land, or over water in the European part of the USSR. The presence of particulates from volcanoes increases the albedo of clouds, but their influence is small in comparison with anthropogenic aerosols (mostly soot). The emissivity of clouds in the Arctic is less than unity, due to the predominance of ice crystals. In the Arctic, underlying surfaces typically have a large anisotropic reflection. 8 references, 3 figures, 2 tables.

Benchmarking of numerical codes describing the dispersion of radionuclides in the Arctic Seas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scott, E.M.; Gurbutt, P.; Harms, I.

1995-01-01

As part of the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) of IAEA a working group has been created to model the dispersal and transfer of radionuclides released from the radioactive waste disposed of in the Kara Sea. The aim of the benchmarking work is to quantitatively assess the reliability of the models, which would lead ultimately to the evaluation of consensus/best estimates of the concentration fields to be used in the radiological assessment. The results from the benchmarking have been compared and the results of the comparison are summarised in terms of agreement in maximum concentrations and when the maximum concentrations occurred. This has been carried out for both water and sediment, at each of the defined locations and for each of the radionuclides. The paper presents a full description of the benchmarking results and discusses the similarities and differences. The role of the exercise within the modelling programme of IASAP is also discussed and the planning for the next stage of the work is presented. 4 refs

Local increase of anticyclonic wave activity over northern Eurasia under amplified Arctic warming: WAVE ACTIVITY RESPONSE TO ARCTIC MELTING

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xue, Daokai [School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing China; Lu, Jian [Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland Washington USA; Sun, Lantao [CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder Colorado USA; PSD, ESRL, NOAA, Boulder Colorado USA; Chen, Gang [Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles California USA; Zhang, Yaocun [School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing China

2017-04-10

In an attempt to resolve the controversy as to whether Arctic sea ice loss leads to more mid-latitude extremes, a metric of finite-amplitude wave activity is adopted to quantify the midlatitude wave activity and its change during the observed period of the drastic Arctic sea ice decline in both ERA Interim reanalysis data and a set of AMIP-type of atmospheric model experiments. Neither the experiment with the trend in the SST or that with the declining trend of Arctic sea ice can simulate the sizable midlatitude-wide reduction in the total wave activity (Ae) observed in the reanalysis, leaving its explanation to the atmospheric internal variability. On the other hand, both the diagnostics of the flux of the local wave activity and the model experiments lend evidence to a possible linkage between the sea ice loss near the Barents and Kara seas and the increasing trend of anticyclonic local wave activity over the northern part of the central Eurasia and the associated impacts on the frequency of temperature extremes.

Flower Style on Seventeenth Century Agra Buildings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Fuat BAYSAL

2017-12-01

Full Text Available India is a uniquely rich country thanks to its historical characteristics and complex mixture of different races, cultures and religions. The diversity of the religious groups has particularly affected the decorative arts, which have generated another form of diversity and richness. Every religious group built their own houses of worship and decorated them in accordance with their beliefs because of the close relationship between religion and decoration. Many buildings containing Turkish overtones have been constructed in India, particularly in Agra, during the Mughal era. The style of Kara Memi, a sixteenth century Ottoman painter, draws attention with the decoration of the buildings constructed during the Shah Jahan era. Of them, the most popular is the Taj Mahal. It is well known that the Ottomans respected and appreciated the artistic characteristics, particularly the architecture, of the region instead of acting in a dominating manner. Thus, we can consider the relationship between the Ottomans and Mughal Empire is similar only in terms of style. Cooperation was present between them, and artistic transfers between these two empires were thus inevitable.

PROGRAM GURU MENULIS: UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU SEJARAH DALAM PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ibnu Sodiq

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this activity is (1 Adding insight and understanding of the history teacher to many types of scientific kara; (2 Stimulate the spirit of the teacher to develop competence particularly in the field of scientific writing; (3 Stimulating new ideas and teachers in scientific writing for the purposes of education and professional development; (4 Introduce and help teachers publish scientific papers in journals ilmiah.Kegiatan training was conducted by the method of seminars and workshops. Implementation of detailed training is divided into several activities, namely: (1 Presentation on the various themes that can be developed in the writing of scientific papers; (2 Presentation of the systematic writing scientific papers and procedures writing in scientific journals; (3 A discussion of various issues related to the material presented; (4 Assignment yan manufacture of scientific work was accompanied by a team of devotion; (5 Assistance and evaluation by both parties or by the PPM Team History MGMPs Semarang.Setelah District conducted a series of training, participants know the significance kmpetensi professional development through the development of a scientific article.

A sensitivity analysis of a radiological assessment model for Arctic waters

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, S.P.

1998-01-01

A model based on compartment analysis has been developed to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in Arctic waters for an assessment of doses to man. The model predicts concentrations of radionuclides in the marine environment and doses to man from a range of exposure pathways. A parameter sen...... scavenging, water-sediment interaction, biological uptake, ice transport and fish migration. Two independent evaluations of the release of radioactivity from dumped nuclear waste in the Kara Sea have been used as source terms for the dose calculations.......A model based on compartment analysis has been developed to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in Arctic waters for an assessment of doses to man. The model predicts concentrations of radionuclides in the marine environment and doses to man from a range of exposure pathways. A parameter...... sensitivity analysis has identified components of the model that are potentially important contributors to the predictive accuracy of doses to individuals of critical groups as well as to the world population. The components investigated include features associated with water transport and mixing, particle...

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Layton, D.W.; Edson, R.; Varela, M.; Napier, B.

1999-01-01

The primary goal of the assessment reported here is to evaluate the health and environmental threat to coastal Alaska posed by radioactive-waste dumping in the Arctic and Northwest Pacific Oceans by the FSU. In particular, the FSU discarded 16 nuclear reactors from submarines and an icebreaker in the Kara Sea near the island of Novaya Zemlya, of which 6 contained spent nuclear fuel (SNF); disposed of liquid and solid wastes in the Sea of Japan; lost a 90 Sr-powered radioisotope thermoelectric generator at sea in the Sea of Okhotsk; and disposed of liquid wastes at several sites in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. In addition to these known sources in the oceans, the RAIG evaluated FSU waste-disposal practices at inland weapons-development sites that have contaminated major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The RAIG evaluated these sources for the potential for release to the environment, transport, and impact to Alaskan ecosystems and peoples through a variety of scenarios, including a worst-case total instantaneous and simultaneous release of the sources under investigation. The risk-assessment process described in this report is applicable to and can be used by other circumpolar countries, with the addition of information about specific ecosystems and human life-styles. They can use the ANWAP risk-assessment framework and approach used by ONR to establish potential doses for Alaska, but add their own specific data sets about human and ecological factors. The ANWAP risk assessment addresses the following Russian wastes, media, and receptors: dumped nuclear submarines and icebreaker in Kara Sea--marine pathways; solid reactor parts in Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean--marine pathways; thermoelectric generator in Sea of Okhotsk--marine pathways; current known aqueous wastes in Mayak reservoirs and Asanov Marshes--riverine to marine pathways; and Alaska as receptor. For these waste and source terms addressed, other pathways, such as atmospheric

Confluence and redistribution of Atlantic water in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

U. Schauer

Full Text Available The waters in the Eurasian Basin are conditioned by the confluence of the boundary flow of warm, saline Fram Strait water and cold low salinity water from the Barents Sea entering through the St. Anna Trough. Hydrographic sections obtained from RV Polarstern during the summer of 1996 (ACSYS 96 across the St. Anna Trough and the Voronin Trough in the northern Kara Sea and across the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins allow for the determination of the water mass properties of the two components and the construction of a qualitative picture of the circulation both within the Eurasian Basin and towards the Canadian Basin. At the confluence north of the Kara Sea, the Fram Strait branch is displaced from the upper to the lower slope and it forms a sharp front to the Barents Sea water at depths between 100 m and greater than 1000 m. This front disintegrates downstream along the basin margin and the two components are largely mixed before the boundary current reaches the Lomonosov Ridge. Away from the continental slope, the presence of interleaving structures coherent over wide distances is consistent with low lateral shear. The return flow along the Nansen Gakkel Ridge, if present at all, seems to be slow and the cold water below a deep mixed layer there indicates that the Fram Strait Atlantic water was not covered with a halocline for about a decade. Anomalous water mass properties in the interior of the Eurasian Basin can be attributed to isolated lenses rather than to baroclinic flow cores. Eddies have probably detached from the front at the confluence and migrated into the interior of the basin. One deep (2500 m lens of Canadian Basin water, with an anticyclonic eddy signature, must have spilled through a gap of the Lomonosov Ridge. During ACSYS 96, no clear fronts between Eurasian and Canadian intermediate waters, such as those observed further north in 1991 and 1994, were found at the Siberian side of the Lomonosov Ridge. This indicates that

Confluence and redistribution of Atlantic water in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

U. Schauer

2002-02-01

Full Text Available The waters in the Eurasian Basin are conditioned by the confluence of the boundary flow of warm, saline Fram Strait water and cold low salinity water from the Barents Sea entering through the St. Anna Trough. Hydrographic sections obtained from RV Polarstern during the summer of 1996 (ACSYS 96 across the St. Anna Trough and the Voronin Trough in the northern Kara Sea and across the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins allow for the determination of the water mass properties of the two components and the construction of a qualitative picture of the circulation both within the Eurasian Basin and towards the Canadian Basin. At the confluence north of the Kara Sea, the Fram Strait branch is displaced from the upper to the lower slope and it forms a sharp front to the Barents Sea water at depths between 100 m and greater than 1000 m. This front disintegrates downstream along the basin margin and the two components are largely mixed before the boundary current reaches the Lomonosov Ridge. Away from the continental slope, the presence of interleaving structures coherent over wide distances is consistent with low lateral shear. The return flow along the Nansen Gakkel Ridge, if present at all, seems to be slow and the cold water below a deep mixed layer there indicates that the Fram Strait Atlantic water was not covered with a halocline for about a decade. Anomalous water mass properties in the interior of the Eurasian Basin can be attributed to isolated lenses rather than to baroclinic flow cores. Eddies have probably detached from the front at the confluence and migrated into the interior of the basin. One deep (2500 m lens of Canadian Basin water, with an anticyclonic eddy signature, must have spilled through a gap of the Lomonosov Ridge. During ACSYS 96, no clear fronts between Eurasian and Canadian intermediate waters, such as those observed further north in 1991 and 1994, were found at the Siberian side of the Lomonosov Ridge. This indicates that

Report on 1981 research result on the R and D of three-dimensional circuit element; 1981 nendo sanjigen kairo soshi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

For the purpose of contributing to the efficient R and D of three-dimensional circuit element technologies (laminated high density integrated element technology, laminated high-speed multi-functional integrated element technology, and laminated large capacity multi-functional integrated element technology), conducted were the survey of domestic and overseas technological trend, investigation of progress status of R and D, and extraction and analysis of problems concerning R and D. In the technological trend survey, the technologies that could sprout in the future were investigated and examined. In addition, examined as much as possible at the present time were the appearance as a device imaginable at the time of the development of the three-dimensional circuit element technology, the point at issue, essential technologies for the development of the element, etc., with the results reported. A report was made on the technology of obtaining a silicon crystal layer on an insulating object. The status quo of a technology for forming an insulated film suitable for a silicon multi-layer structure and of a technology for forming an electrode material was explained, as was a layer forming technology for an insulating object and a metallic material concerning a compound semiconductor layer technology. With the present status summarized on an image sensor in two dimensions, the transmission electron microscope method was introduced. Last of all, investigation results were compiled on the state of progress of each research for the three-dimensional circuit element technology. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 leading research report. Research on 3-D cell tissue module technology; 1999 nendo sanjigen saibo soshiki module kogaku chosa kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For forming cell tissues alternative to bio-tissues, this research targets the technology for forming bio-tissue modules by cultivating 3-D cell tissues from various kinds of cells. In fiscal 1999, research was made on various issues of element technologies necessary for forming module structure of bio-tissues, and study was also made on the application of 3-D cell tissue module engineering to industrial fields. Survey was made on element technologies and solutions supporting such engineering, and in addition, on progressive conditions of cell cultivation techniques, and concrete techniques for expressing cell functions. Research was made on a cell behavior under physicochemical stimulus environment to study the optimum environment for cell multiplication and function expression. Further research was made on state analysis of cells, in particular, fast precise measurement techniques of activation or malignant of cells and secretion of toxic substances by physical/optical analytical evaluation techniques such as photo-CT and spectroscopic analysis, and biochemical analysis techniques using bio-sensors. Study was also made on successful development and application cases of practical bio-artificial organs in western countries. (NEDO)

Optimization of the catalytic converter internal flow by using 3D-CFD; Sanjigen nagare kaiseki ni yoru shokubai converter nai nagare no saitekika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toi, M; Sugiura, S [Toyota Motor Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

By using computational fluid dynamics and statistical quality control method, we investigated the contribution of front and rear catalytic converter cone shape for the pressure loss and the partial flow, also led the optimal terms and the predictional formulations efficiently. According to this, we can investigate the optimal position of the catalytic converter from the planning. 8 figs., 6 tabs.

Summary of [alpha]-FLOW, a general purpose three-dimensional fluid analyzing system. Han[prime]yo sanjigen ryutai kaiseki system [alpha]-FLOW no gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koike, H [Fuji Research Institute Corporation, Tokyo (Japan)

1992-08-01

The [alpha]-FLOW is a three-dimensional fluid analyzing software developed from cooperations among research institutes of private business companies and universities in Japan under the assistance from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. This paper describes its summary and features. The system is a discrete system utilizing a supercomputer and a work station. The analysis modules incorporated in the system include those for non-compressive fluid analysis, compressive fluid analysis, analysis of non-compressive fluid including free surface, analysis of flows including combustion and chemical reactions, substance migration analysis, and heat transfer analysis. It has a feature that even non-specialists can analyze fluids easily as a result of the development of an expert system to support the numerical analysis. Development of the input data preparing system enables to utilize the work station to process from shape modeling to grid generation, and from inputting analyzing condition data to calculating the flows and outputting the calculation result, all in dialogue modes. An open architecture was adopted. 27 refs., 7 figs., 10 tabs.

Development of an antimicrobial concrete to inhibiting corrosion; Konkurito wo fushoku kara gado suru kokin konkurito no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurihara, Y.

1999-11-10

It has been clarified that the corrosion of concrete in sewage facilities is caused by the action of specific microorganism. The corrosion of concrete is caused by the complicate interaction of chemical substances and microorganisms existing in sewage water. As microorganisms related to this phenomenon, lead sulfate reductase and sulfur oxidase are well known. This paper introduces antimicrobials for concrete using zeolite as a main component and a concrete containing these antimicrobials, which were developed for killing or suppressing the generation of these microorganisms causing the corrosion of concrete. The sales results during 2 years since the start of the sales in May 1997 was 16 tons for antimicrobials including zeolite-supported silver - copper catalyst, and 8,138 tons for antimicrobial concrete. Sixty-eight companies have organized , which will promote the popularization and technical guidance of antimicrobial concrete. (NEDO)

[gamma]-Wollastonite Precipitated Glass-Ceramic Synthesized from Waste Granite. Mikageishi kara sakusei shita [gamma]-uorasutonaito sekishutsu kesshoka garasu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, Minoru.; Suzuki, Shigeru. (The Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Tecnology Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan))

1999-07-01

Manufacturing process of glass-ceramic produced from waste granite was investigated for use as a construction material. Waste stone crushing is usually difficult so waste stone is heated to 700 degree C in an electric furnace, then cooled rapidly ith water. Successively, the stone is crushed into particles smaller than 297 [mu]m. Crushing and classification is repeated until over 90% of the waste stone product is reduced into fine particles. Batches were prepared y mixing a mass ratioof 100 fine particles waste stone, 50-60 limestone (CaCO[sub 3]), 5-15 soda-ash (Na[sub 2]CO[sub 3]), 3-8 anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na[sub 2]SO[sub 4]), 0.7-1.5 graphite (C) and 0-4 zine oxide (ZnO). Black glass was produced by melting the batch at 1450 degree C in an electric furnace, and allowed to flow on a steel plate. To from a nucleation, this glass was reheated at 850 degree C for 1 h and reheated at 1050 degree C for 2 h to from a glass-ceramic. Results of scanning electron microscope observation and powder X-ray diffraction of the obtained glass-ceramic showed [gamma]-wollastonite (CaO[center dot]SiO[sub 2]) to be main crystal structure; this is composed of about 2-3 [mu]m prismateic crystals that are homogeneously entangled. (author)

{gamma}-Wollastonite Precipitated Glass-Ceramic Synthesized from Waste Granite; Mikageishi kara sakusei shita {gamma}-uorasutonaito sekishutsu kesshoka garasu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, Minoru.; Suzuki, Shigeru. [The Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Tecnology Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-07-01

Manufacturing process of glass-ceramic produced from waste granite was investigated for use as a construction material. Waste stone crushing is usually difficult so waste stone is heated to 700 degree C in an electric furnace, then cooled rapidly ith water. Successively, the stone is crushed into particles smaller than 297 {mu}m. Crushing and classification is repeated until over 90% of the waste stone product is reduced into fine particles. Batches were prepared y mixing a mass ratioof 100 fine particles waste stone, 50-60 limestone (CaCO{sub 3}), 5-15 soda-ash (Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}), 3-8 anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}), 0.7-1.5 graphite (C) and 0-4 zine oxide (ZnO). Black glass was produced by melting the batch at 1450 degree C in an electric furnace, and allowed to flow on a steel plate. To from a nucleation, this glass was reheated at 850 degree C for 1 h and reheated at 1050 degree C for 2 h to from a glass-ceramic. Results of scanning electron microscope observation and powder X-ray diffraction of the obtained glass-ceramic showed {gamma}-wollastonite (CaO{center_dot}SiO{sub 2}) to be main crystal structure; this is composed of about 2-3 {mu}m prismateic crystals that are homogeneously entangled. (author)

New bacteria suitable for production of ethanol from maltose. Marutosu kara no etanoru seizo ni tekishita shinki saikin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okamoto, T.; Taguchi, H.; Nakamura, K. (Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

1992-10-07

Bacteria such as Zymomonas atracts attention in production of ethanol from carbohydrates in addition to yeast used for a long time, however, Zymomonas ferments only glucose, fructose and sucrose. After searching microbes in the nature with excellent properties in fermentation ability and salt resistance, a new Gram-negative bacterium has been isolated from a certain tree sap which is suitable for production of ethanol from maltose and starch hydrolyzate. The features of cell morphology of the new bacterium are: bacillus, peritrichous, no sport forming, Q-9 in quinone system, and an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium. It utilizes maltose, sorbitol and maltose and produces [alpha]-glucosidas but no [beta]-galactosidase nor arginine dihydrase. The strain T109 is deposited as FERM BP-3292 to the Industrial Research Institute of Microbiology. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Free convective heat loss from cavity-type solar furnace; Solar receiver kara no shizen tairyu ni yoru netsusonshitsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujii, I; Ito, N [Meiji University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

Free convective heat loss from solar heat receivers was studied, using three laboratory model receivers (different in depth L and aperture diameter d) heated by electric heaters. Most of the heat produced by heaters was transmitted to the air inside. The cylindrical vessel walls were fully insulated against heat. Heat loss being supposed to result mainly from transfer by free convection, the experiment results were edited by use of Nusselt number Nu and Rayley number Ra. Relations between Nu(D/d){sup m1} and Ra(L/D){sup m2} were plotted in a chart. Here, D is the receiver inner diameter, and m1 and m2 are constants that can be determined by computation. Tests points were provided approximately lineally, irrespective of D, L, or receiver inclination. Air currents were found to produce one or more swirls inside, thanks to the current visualization technique, when the receiver inclination was not sharper than 120{degree} (except 0{degree}). The number of swirls increased as the inner wall temperature rose. This kind of behavior of air currents directly affects the degree of heat loss. 9 refs., 4 figs.

Välisriigi kohtulahendite tunnustamine ja täitmine Poolas / Jacek Gołaczyński, Grzegorz Karaś

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gołaczyński, Jacek

2010-01-01

Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu (EÜ) määrusest nr. 44/2001 (22. detsember 2000, kohtualluvuse ja kohtuotsuste täitmise kohta tsiviil- ja kaubandusasjades) ja selle täitmisest Poolas, keeldumise õiguslikest alustest

Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments in Poland / Jacek Gołaczyński, Grzegorz Karaś

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gołaczyński, Jacek

2010-01-01

Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu (EÜ) määrusest nr. 44/2001 (22. detsember 2000, kohtualluvuse ja kohtuotsuste täitmise kohta tsiviil- ja kaubandusasjades) ja selle täitmisest Poolas, keeldumise õiguslikest alustest

Report on the FY 1999 basic research on intelligent structure; 1999 nendo kozo chinoka no kiso kenkyu chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A concept of a system is constructed in which a series of the flow from the construction of structures to the shape and control in structural phase, repair, and dismantlement is made effective and controllable by giving a function of intelligent structure to structural systems in aerospace/architecture/civil engineering fields. For it, fundamental technologies required for the systems were extracted for construction of the technology system. Further, in relation to the intelligent machinery system including the control method, manipulation, and communication of the structure under the micro-gravity environment required for this system, the basic experiment was conducted at the ground gravity-free experimental center to acquire the effective data. As to the base technology, three fields were studied of the intelligent machinery system including the behavior/control of materials and structure, intelligent robot, and communication. In the experiment on micro-gravity environment, experiments were carried out on the behavior of micro-gravity rover for small planetary probe, inter-satellite group communication, capture of trouble-satellite, development of inflatable structure, and hopping robot. The valuable data were obtained. (NEDO)

Change of unit skeletons during an artificial coalification; Jinko sekitanka katei ni okeru tan`i kokkaku kozo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugimoto, Y.; Miki, Y.; Hayamizu, K. [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan); Okada, K. [Coal Mining Research Center, Tokyo (Japan); Suzuki, Y. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

In order to obtain knowledge about formation and growth of condensed ring structure in a coalification process, discussions were given on product skeleton structure by using hydrogenation and hydrocracking of heated cellulose. In underwater heating of cellulose, reaction of dehydration has occurred at 200{degree}C or lower, that of decarbonation at 250{degree}C or higher, and that of demethanizing at 300{degree}C, resulting in production of a dark-brown coal-like substance. The substance has lower H/C value and higher O/C value than coal. As the underwater heating temperature rises, the hydrogenation reactivity of the heated substance decreases, and so does the ratio of conversion into toluene solubles. These phenomena are related to strength of cross-linking bond between unit skeleton structures. A substance heated at an underwater heating temperature of 200{degree}C turns toluene-soluble almost completely even during the hydrogenation reaction (350{degree}C for 2 hours), but the soluble product decreases at underwater heating temperatures of 250 and 300{degree}C. However, soluble product of more than 90% was obtained when hydrocracking (at 425{degree}C for one hour) was performed. The toluene-soluble product in the heated substance is only 50% when the underwater heating temperature reaches 350{degree}C even if the hydrocracking is carried out. 3 refs., 5 figs.

Studies of structure change of iron sulfates and its catalysis; Ryusantetsukei shokubai no kozo henka to sono shokubai sayo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogata, E.; Horie, K. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Nishijima, A. [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

Since a huge amount of coal containing inorganic ash is treated for the commercial hydroliquefaction process, cheap catalysts widely distributing on the earth with large reserves are desired rather than expensive catalysts. This paper describes the effects of addition of sulfur on the catalysis of iron sulfates during the hydroconversion of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN). Reactions of 1-MN were conducted at the same charging amount of iron in the reaction system. Sulfur was directly added in the reaction system using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) as precursor. Consequently, it was found that FeSO4 provides lower but similar catalytic activity to the synthetic pyrite catalyst prepared through the complex processes with the precise control. Thus, it was revealed that high performance pyrrhotite (Fe(1-x)S) catalyst can be prepared for the hydrogenation of aromatic-rings by adding solid sulfur into the reaction system using commercial reagent, FeSO4 as a precursor of the catalyst. 9 figs.

Evaluation on lifetime risk in reinforced concrete structure; RC kozo no lifetime risk no hyoka ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, M. [Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba (Japan); Adachi, H. [Taisei Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Akakura, Y. [Ministry of Transport, Tokyo (Japan); Ibayashi, K.; Ozaka, Y. [Tohoku Gakuin Univ., Sendai (Japan)

1996-02-15

To evaluate the risk during longevity of reinforced concrete structure subjected to earthquake motions, called lifetime risk, damage and safety were estimated by means of the earthquake risk analysis and earthquake response analysis. For the earthquake risk analysis, historical earthquake data with relatively low accuracy were efficiently taken into account, to determine the annual mean generation probability against the earthquake motion strength in ten main cities. A new damage index with load hysteresis was defined as an anti-earthquake evaluation index where accumulative damage is taken into consideration. Assuming that the damage transits from `certain state` to `certain state` every time the earthquake motion generates at the noticeable place, damage transition matrix expressing transition probability was calculated by using the results of earthquake risk analysis and the accumulative damage index. The lifetime risk was calculated from the damage transition matrix and the earthquake motion generation probability, to evaluate the safety. 21 refs., 10 figs., 8 tabs.

Georesistivity structure in the central part of North-Eastern Japan Arc; Tohoku chiho chubu chiiki no denki dendodo kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujinawa, Y. [National Research Institute for Disaster Prevention, Tsukuba (Japan); Kawakami, N. [GERD Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Ueshima, M. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute; Honkura, Y. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-03-13

MT measurement of transects was made in the central part of North-Eastern Japan Arc to clarify tectonics of subduction zones. 1-D, 2-D and 3-D resistivity structures are observed in surface layers, and zones shallower and deeper than a Conrad surface, respectively. A main structure direction is S-N or NNE-SSW. Ishinomaki-Chokai tectonic line and low- resistivity zones due to Quaternary volcanos (Naruko, Onikobe) exist in a backbone range region. Resistivity is 100{Omega}{center_dot}m or less by Bostick Inversion except Mesozoic and Palaeozoic layers in the southern Kitakami mountainous region, resulting in a good agreement with previous results in a north transect. Resistivity is several {Omega}{center_dot}m and depth is several km around Shinjo basin and in surface layers of Kitakami River region. The backbone range region shows complex resistivity structures because of volcanic activity and wide-area hot water activity. High-resistivity layers correspond to stable Mesozoic and Palaeozoic land layers. Seismic velocity increases in the low-resistivity zone. Earthquake generally occurs at the boundary between resistivity structures. 68 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Halocline water formation in the Barents Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Steele, Michael; Morison, James H.; Curtin, Thomas B.

1995-01-01

Hydrographic data from the first phase of the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX) are analyzed. The data consist of temperature and salinity measurements made by a ship-based conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument and by a drifting SALARGOS buoy. These data were collected in the autumn and early winter of 1988-1989 in the northern Barents Sea, mostly in ice-covered conditions and then across the marginal ice zone (MIZ). The data show that relatively warm, salty water of Atlantic origin is modified by air cooling and ice melting to produce lighter water that has properties identical to (lower) halocline water found in the Arctic Ocean. This occurs mostly at the MIZ and to a lesser degree within the ice pack itself. At the MIZ the halocline water subjects underneath the lighter meltwater that resides directly under the ice pack; geostrophic velocity calculations indicate that it then turns eastward and flows toward the Kara Sea, in keeping with previous chemical tracer analyses. A rough calculation reveals that the amount of halocline water formed in this way in the Barents Sea and Fram Strait is 30-50% of that formed by ice growth in eastern Arctic polynyas.

Investigation of geochemical characteristics of some natural water systems by nondestructive radioactivation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Draskovic, R.

1977-01-01

In this thesis the new theoretical and systematized approaches to the investigation of continental water systems (rivers, lakes, swamps etc) with the aim of its biogeochemical characterization are given and discussed. By nondestructive radioactivation analysis some elements (Cr, Fe, Co, Sb, Sc, Na acro and trace elements level) in components of investigated water system are determined. These elements has been determined in materials dissolved in water, suspended and bed materials, soils and the living matter populating the rivers systems Danube, Sava, V.Morava, Tisa, Karas and some lakes also (plankton, algae, benthos, crustacea, benthos, shalls and fishes) in Yugoslavia. The results are presented and discussed on the basis of parameters ''content of elements'' (new theoretical approaches) for these systems (Csub(w)-water; Csub(s)-suspended and bed materials; Csub(t)-soils; Csub(vivo)-living matter: plankton - Csub(p); aglae - Csub(al); benthos - Csub(b); crustacea - Csub(c); fishes - Csub(f)) expressed in ppm. Distribution on parameters (Fsub(x,y)) for the pairs of components of water systems also are given. The ''contents of elements'' - parameters are biogeochemical standards characterizing investigated water systems and ecological and environmental important parameters, too

Monitoring Murder Crime in Namibia Using Bayesian Space-Time Models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isak Neema

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on the analysis of murder in Namibia using Bayesian spatial smoothing approach with temporal trends. The analysis was based on the reported cases from 13 regions of Namibia for the period 2002–2006 complemented with regional population sizes. The evaluated random effects include space-time structured heterogeneity measuring the effect of regional clustering, unstructured heterogeneity, time, space and time interaction and population density. The model consists of carefully chosen prior and hyper-prior distributions for parameters and hyper-parameters, with inference conducted using Gibbs sampling algorithm and sensitivity test for model validation. The posterior mean estimate of the parameters from the model using DIC as model selection criteria show that most of the variation in the relative risk of murder is due to regional clustering, while the effect of population density and time was insignificant. The sensitivity analysis indicates that both intrinsic and Laplace CAR prior can be adopted as prior distribution for the space-time heterogeneity. In addition, the relative risk map show risk structure of increasing north-south gradient, pointing to low risk in northern regions of Namibia, while Karas and Khomas region experience long-term increase in murder risk.

Radionuclides in the Ob/Irtysh river system and their contribution to pollution of the Arctic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trapeznikov, A.; Pozolotina, V.; Trapeznikova, V.; Yushkov, P.; Polikarpov, G.; Aarkrog, A.; Nielsen, S.P.

1995-01-01

The aims of this study were: 1) to continue the investigation of distribution of radionuclides in the principal components of the Techa river, and 2) to get the first estimate of the contamination of sediments of the Iset, Tobol, Irtysh and Ob rivers. The samples from the Irtysh river were collected in 1993 nine km in front of confluence of the Irtysh with the Ob river. The mean Cs-137 concentration in the sediments did not show any clear trend. The sediments from the Ob river were collected in 1992 near Labitnangi, situated about 300 km from the outlet of the Ob into the Kara Sea. In 1994 samples were collected five km in front of and five km after confluence with the Irtysh river. All results are summarized in a table. It appears that the Cs-137 levels in the Ob sediments, before and after confluence with Irtysh, do not change significantly. It is difficult to see any systematic changes in Cs-137 concentrations with depth. In some cases the top five cm show higher concentrations than the deeper layers. 7 refs., 1 tab

Self-esteem and communication skills as predictors of psychological resilience for Turkish vocational school students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Özlem TAGAY

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study analyzes whether or not communication skills and self-esteem of vocational school students can predict their psychological resilience. The data of the study were collected from a total of 295 vocational school students including 147 female and 148 male in Burdur and Isparta. The study benefited from the Ego Resiliency Scale developed by Block and Kremen (1996 and adapted by Karaırmak (2007, the Communication Skills Evaluation Scale developed by Korkut (1996, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale developed by Morris Rosenberg (1965. The study made use of the standard multiple regression analysis in order to prove the power of the assessment of communication skills and self-esteem to predict psychological levels of resilience of vocational school students. The data were tested on a 0.05 level of significance. This study shows that the assessment of communication skills and self-esteem positively co- relates with the personal strengths of pulling oneself together. The positive self-assessment predicts self- esteem positively and significantly as well. A positive sense of an individual’s about oneself positively co- relates with high self-esteem.

Grid generation method to calculate the flow field in a three-dimensional cascade of blades. Sanjigen yokuretsu nagare keisan no tame no koshi keisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, K [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)

1992-05-01

For the purpose of developing a fan for an engine with ultra-high by-pass ratio, the design code of three-dimensional cascade of blades based on the Navier-Stokes equation has already been developed. This paper describes a method created by calculation grids which are part of this design code. This method is to generate boundary fitted grids to calculate the flow field across a cascade of blades placed radially in the axially symmetric space between hub and casing. In this method, one-period domain of the cascade of blades is mapped on a box in computational space by a series of combined streching transformation and conformal mapping. The grid in physical space is then obtained by successive inverse conformal mapping on the grid points in computational space. The grid obtained in this method is H-type and has a periodicity which includes the inclination of grid lines at the periodic boundary. As an example of the grid generated by this method, grids for primary and secondary models of the fan with ultra-high by-pass ratio are shown. 6 refs., 12 figs.

Grid generation method to calculate the flow field in a three-dimensional cascade of blades; Sanjigen yokuretsu nagare keisan no tame no koshi keisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, K [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)

1992-05-01

For the purpose of developing a fan for an engine with ultra-high by-pass ratio, the design code of three-dimensional cascade of blades based on the Navier-Stokes equation has already been developed. This paper describes a method created by calculation grids which are part of this design code. This method is to generate boundary fitted grids to calculate the flow field across a cascade of blades placed radially in the axially symmetric space between hub and casing. In this method, one-period domain of the cascade of blades is mapped on a box in computational space by a series of combined streching transformation and conformal mapping. The grid in physical space is then obtained by successive inverse conformal mapping on the grid points in computational space. The grid obtained in this method is H-type and has a periodicity which includes the inclination of grid lines at the periodic boundary. As an example of the grid generated by this method, grids for primary and secondary models of the fan with ultra-high by-pass ratio are shown. 6 refs., 12 figs.

Three-dimensional seismic survey planning based on the newest data acquisition design technique; Saishin no data shutoku design ni motozuku sanjigen jishin tansa keikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minehara, M; Nakagami, K; Tanaka, H [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1996-10-01

Theory of parameter setting for data acquisition is arranged, mainly as to the seismic generating and receiving geometry. This paper also introduces an example of survey planning for three-dimensional land seismic exploration in progress. For the design of data acquisition, fundamental parameters are firstly determined on the basis of the characteristics of reflection records at a given district, and then, the layout of survey is determined. In this study, information through modeling based on the existing interpretation of geologic structures is also utilized, to reflect them for survey specifications. Land three-dimensional seismic survey was designed. Ground surface of the surveyed area consists of rice fields and hilly regions. The target was a nose-shaped structure in the depth about 2,500 m underground. A survey area of 4km{times}5km was set. Records in the shallow layers could not obtained when near offset was not ensured. Quality control of this distribution was important for grasping the shallow structure required. In this survey, the seismic generating point could be ensured more certainly than initially expected, which resulted in the sufficient security of near offset. 2 refs., 2 figs.

MT survey in the Minaminoshiro oil field; Minaminoshiro chiiki ni okeru MT ho ni yoru sekiyu tanko (sanjigen MT ho chosa no kento). 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuo, K; Minegishi, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-10-22

Preliminary experiment, investigation, and study are conducted prior to an experimental 3-D MT (magnetotelluric) survey planned to be carried out in the Minaminoshiro district, Akita Prefecture. In the preliminary investigation, MT measurements were performed at nine locations. It was anticipated that national highways, waste treatment plants, high-voltage power lines, and railways in presence in the district would act as noise sources. Although the impact of such noise was detected in the single site treatment result, yet it was found that it would be mostly eliminated by use of the remote reference treatment. It was learned that the resistivity structure in this district was quite low in contrast or 1 ohm/m against 30 ohm/m, but the result of 3-D model calculation indicated that a sufficient analysis would be possible even in such a low contrast case. Furthermore, as the result of the study of the density of observation stations in the magnetic field, it was found that changes in the response of magnetic field to the resistivity structure would be approximately 2% at the maximum and that the ill effect on the result of measurement would be of the negligible magnitude even when a single magnetic field observation station is deployed against plural electric field observation stations. 6 refs., 7 figs.

Three component particle velocimetry using laser sheets for cycle-resolved, in-cylinder measurements; Laser sheet ho ni yoru cylinder nai nagare no sanjigen sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishii, K.; Urata, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Ono, T. [Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-01-25

Analysis of the cycle-by-cycle variation of combustion in an internal combustion engine can be aided by the cycle-resolved measurement of the in-cylinder gas velocity. This paper describes the principle and operation of, and results obtained from, a particle coded-pulse velocimeter (PCPV) which measured the three components of velocity within normal planes to the axis of cylinder. The PCPV was applied to a 1.5 litre lean-burn engine in order to record the flow pattern. The intake air was seeded with light microcapsules of approximately 50{mu}m diameter which scattered light from a system of up to two sets of three plane laser sheets, distinguished by colour and thickness and pulsed by acousto-optic modulators, illuminating planes in the bore of the engine. The magnitudes of the axial and cross bore components of the velocity vector were found from the measured lengths and the duration of the particle tracks. The results from the PCPV measurements are time-resolved and instantaneously three-dimensional and thus the PCPV is capable of identifying the transition from a disordered flow, such as the intake process, to well-ordered flows such as occur during a compression process. The derived swirl and tumble ratios were relatively in good agreement with those measured by an impulse swirl meter. 6 refs., 8 figs., 1 tabs.

FY1995 study on three-dimensional integrated information environment toward human media; 1995 nendo human media e muketa sanjigen togo joho kankyo no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

In the next generation media environment, it is required to remove the boundary between virtual and real environment. The integration of these heterogeneous environments will enhance the applicability and availability of the human media. The aim of this work is to pioneer the new technology of 3-D integrated information environment in which both virtual and real environment are embedded, and to give a guide into the construction of human media. Our results consists of three parts as follows : (1) As a benchmark of the 3-D integrated information environment, the immersive television which has surrounding multi-projection displays was investigated. (2) A new method to synthesize arbitrary 3-D viewpoint images from 2-D real images was developed. On the other hand, a new concept of ray data description was introduced to represent whole visual data of 3-D real space. In the new concept, the whole visual data is treated as a set of ray data. New methods for superimposing and handling ray data were proposed. Potential applicability of the methods were clarified. (3) In order to enhance the reality of operations under the virtual environment, quantitative analysis was performed assuming that the HMD (Head Mounted Display) was used for displaying 3-D space information. (NEDO)

Acetaldehyde formation from ethanol over titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Nisanka titan hikarishokubai ni yoru ethanol kara no acetaldehyde no seisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iseda, K [Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya, Nagoya (Japan)

1990-02-20

The suspention of TiO {sub 2} (rutile structure, 99.9%, 300 mesh) photocatalyst in ethanol was irradiated under ultraviolet light in an argon atmosphere at 25 centigrade. Acetaldehyde, methane and hydrogen were detected as products. When the photocatalysis of TiO {sub 2} itself was examined comparing with the result of blank test without using catalyst, the activity of TiO {sub 2} was confirmed only for the formation of acetaldehyde among the products. The yields of acetaldehyde increased with increasing addition of catalyst. The increasing rate of methane yields was rather small and the methane yields were lower than those in the blank tests. The hydrogen yields were almost same as in the blank tests. Acetal was formed in the blank test but was not formed with addition of TiO {sub 2}. It was provided that TiO {sub 2} was an effective catalyst for the formation of acetaldehyde. 6 ref., 5 figs.

Treatment of exhaust gas from the semiconductor manufacturing process. 3; Handotai seizo sochi kara no hai gas shori. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukunaga, A. [Ebara Research Co. Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan); Mori, Y.; Osato, M.; Tsujimura, M. [Ebara Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-10-20

Demand has been building up for an individual dry type scrubber for treating exhaust gas from the semiconductor manufacturing process. Some factors for the wide acceptance of such a scrubber would be the capability for complete treatment, easy maintenance and safety features, etc. Practical gas analysis and optimum scrubbing techniques would have to be applied, as well as effective monitoring, alarm, and fail-safe techniques. The overall exhaust gas line, i.e. the line connecting the scrubber system and the upstream process, including that extending to pump system, has to be fully considered for enabling effective scrubbing performance. Such factors, which have until now not been given any priority, would have to be fully studied for the development of a practical, individual dry type scrubber. Cooperation on this matter from the semiconductor manufacturing industry would also be essential. 6 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.

Recovery of leaded-frame metals from integrated circuit package; Shuseki kairo package kara no lead frame kinzoku no kaishu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rokukawa, N.; Sakamoto, H. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-12-25

Discussions were given on separation and recovery of leaded-frame metals from an integrated circuit (IC) package. A printed wiring board in an electronic device is mounted with an IC package molded with an IC as a major component, and composed of IC chips, leaded-frame metals (the pin section retains the IC chips safely in a mold, and plays a role of terminal with an external circuit), and mold material (thermally hardened and reinforced resin). Quantity of IC packages discarded as a result of the deterioration due to aging is increasing year after year. IC package test pieces were crushed in a mortar, selected of metals manually, and classified by using a magnet and a sieve. The leaded-frame metals were easily separated from the mold material by crushing, and capable of being recovered by using a magnet. However, since the recovered leaded-frame metals are alloys having different compositions, how each metal component could be separated and refined is an important problem to be solved. For the time being, the metals may be utilized as structural materials for building materials by melting and alloying the leaded-frame metals. 10 refs., 7 tabs.

Microbiological indicators for evaluating treatability on water purification process. Josui shori ni okeru shorisei hyoka kara mita biseibutsu shihyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichikawa, H [Kanagawa Prefectural Government Public Enterprise Egency Water Works Bureau, Kanagawa (Japan). Tanigahara Purification Plant

1990-08-10

This report describes the historical procedure of a bacterial test for a certain respective bacteria, and also describes the removal of micro-organisms by a water treatment and treatment with disinfectants. The disinfection is made mainly on basis of foreign literature. This is because there exist few literature published in Japan. In a good sense, this is because of the Japanese habit of drinking raw water which has contributed to high level of facilities and the maintenance. If seen from a different viewpoint, the prsent concern is concentrated to a contamination of the underground water by organic solvent and the counter measure against such minute quantity of organic chemicals as trihalomethane and the agricultural chemicals in the golf courses. From the consumers {prime} standpoint, these are of the level of problems that only one affected person increases per year for 100,000 inhabitants even if they continue to drink such drinking waters continuously through their life years. The reality is that it is remote from the realities in life. 37 refs., 9 tabs.

Simulation of fault-bend fold by incompressible Newtonian fluid; Hiasshukusei Newton ryutai ni yoru danso oremagari shukyoku kozo no simulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tamagawa, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsukui, R [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-10-22

Incompressible Newtonian fluid simulation is experimentally applied to faults typical of the compression and extension fields. A fault-bend folding structure of the flat-ramp flat fault in the compression field and a folding structure of a normal fault in the extension field are studied, and the results are compared with those obtained by the balanced cross section method. The result of calculation indicates that the velocity gradient with the ramp angle set at 30deg is correspondent to stress and that stress concentration is taking place at the ramp section of the fault. This solution is an approximation and does not necessary support the conservation of area but, when the ramp angle is allowed to change from 10 through 40deg, it is found that the conservation of area holds though roughly. It is found that the configuration of the folding structure formed by a flat-ramp flat fault is positioned between the anomalous-mode layer parallel shear typical of a balanced cross section and the folding structure formed by a vertical shear. 7 refs., 7 figs.

Geological structure of Osaka basin and characteristic distributions of structural damage caused by earthquake; Osaka bonchi kozo to shingai tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakagawa, K; Shiono, K; Inoue, N; Senda, S [Osaka City University, Osaka (JP. Faculty of Science); Ryoki, K [Osaka Polytechnic Collage, Osaka (Japan); Shichi, R [Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan). Faculty of Science

1996-05-01

The paper investigates relations between the damage caused by the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake and the deep underground structures. A characteristic of the earthquake damage distribution is that the damage concentrated near faults. Most of the damages were seen on the side of faults` relatively falling rather than right above the faults and of their slightly slanting to the seaside. Distribution like this seems to be closely related to underground structures. Therefore, a distribution map of the depth of basement granite in Osaka sedimentary basin was drawn, referring to the data on basement rock depth obtained from the distribution map of gravity anomaly and the result of the survey using the air gun reflection method. Moreover, cubic underground structures were determined by 3-D gravity analysis. The result was concluded as follows: when observing the M7 zone of the low land, in particular, where the damage was great from an aspect of gravity anomaly, the basement rock below the zone declined near the cliff toward the sea, which indicates a great possibility of its being a fault. There is a high possibility that the zone suffered mostly from the damage caused by focusing by refraction and total reflection of seismic wave rays. 3 refs., 8 figs.

The Potential and Challenges of Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP Sea Surface Salinity to Monitor Arctic Ocean Freshwater Changes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenqing Tang

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Sea surface salinity (SSS links various components of the Arctic freshwater system. SSS responds to freshwater inputs from river discharge, sea ice change, precipitation and evaporation, and oceanic transport through the open straits of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. However, in situ SSS data in the Arctic Ocean are very sparse and insufficient to depict the large-scale variability to address the critical question of how climate variability and change affect the Arctic Ocean freshwater. The L-band microwave radiometer on board the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP mission has been providing SSS measurements since April 2015, at approximately 60 km resolution with Arctic Ocean coverage in 1–2 days. With improved land/ice correction, the SMAP SSS algorithm that was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL is able to retrieve SSS in ice-free regions 35 km of the coast. SMAP observes a large-scale contrast in salinity between the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the Arctic Ocean, while retrievals within the Arctic Circle vary over time, depending on the sea ice coverage and river runoff. We assess the accuracy of SMAP SSS through comparative analysis with in situ salinity data collected by Argo floats, ships, gliders, and in field campaigns. Results derived from nearly 20,000 pairs of SMAP and in situ data North of 50°N collocated within a 12.5-km radius and daily time window indicate a Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD less than ~1 psu with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 and a near unity regression slope over the entire range of salinity. In contrast, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM has a smaller RMSD with Argo. However, there are clear systematic biases in the HYCOM for salinity in the range of 25–30 psu, leading to a regression slope of about 0.5. In the region North of 65°N, the number of collocated samples drops more than 70%, resulting in an RMSD of about 1.2 psu. SMAP SSS in the Kara Sea shows a consistent

Dating of artificial radioactivity in sediments of the river Yenisei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klemt, E.; Parliachenka, A.; Spasova, Y.; Zibold, G.; Rollin, S.; Burger, M.

2004-01-01

For many years the Mining and Chemical Combine was producing weapon-grade plutonium in three nuclear plants on the banks of the river Yenisei south of the city Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. Artificial radionuclides were found in sediments of the river in close distance to the plants as well as over the whole length of the river up to the icy Kara-Sea. In order to reconstruct the discharge into the river and to understand migration processes dating of the activity in undisturbed sediment cores had to be done. Due to vertical advection of water through the sediments the age of sediment layers and the age of the activity therein have to be distinguished. The following methods of dating have been analyzed: The Pb-210 gamma-spectrometric method which showed to be not applicable, the Eu-152/Eu-154 ratio, the Po-210 alpha-spectrometric method, and modelling of the vertical distribution of activity in the sediment. Furthermore, ICP-MS analyses of Np, Am and Pu isotopes have been used to perform dating analyses. The results of the different methods are compared in order to ensure a proper understanding of the history of the activity and of the processes within the sediment. (author)

Pest and beneficial complex in organic viticulture at the conditions of Gokceada Island

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ozsemerci Fatma

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Population densities of harmful and predatory insects have been compared in six table (Trakya İlkeren, Alphonse Lavallée, Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi, Cardinal, Italia, Amasya beyazı x 28/259-1 and six wine (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Kalabaki, Sauvignon Blanc, Özer Karası grape varieties in Gokceada between 2008 and 2011. No difference was determined among table grape varieties. Trakya llkeren has been the most suitable grape variety for Gokceada as it is rarely infested by the pests. Population density of Colomerus vitis Pgst. was statistically different in wine varieties in 2010. Cabernet Sauvignon has continuously been infested by the pest. Arboridia adanae Dlabola and Thrips spp. were harmful in Cabernet Sauvignon in 2011. Merlot has been infested with higher populations of insect pests in some years. Hence, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot should not be preferred in Gokceada. Kalabaki had the lowest population density. Effect of four combinations of green manure, farm manure and olive cake compost was observed on the population density of harmful and beneficial insects on Trakya Ilkeren and Cabernet Sauvignon. The combinations tested had no important effect on the population density of insect pests and predators. Organic fertilization program should be selected according to what grape and vine tree need.

Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erdem I

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Ilknur Erdem,1 Senay Elbasan Omar,1 Ridvan Kara Ali,1 Hayati Gunes,2 Aynur Eren Topkaya2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, 2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey Objective: Infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE but are rare initial presentation of the disease. Therefore, in this study, we describe a case of Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis in a young woman with previously undiagnosed SLE. Case report: A 23-year-old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic complaining of high fever (40°C, chills, fatigue, generalized myalgia, and cough with brown sputum for 5 days. Blood cultures grew gram-positive coccus defined as S. pneumoniae using standard procedures. Antinuclear antibody was positive at a titer of 1/1,000, and anti-double-stranded DNA was positive at 984 IU/mL. She was diagnosed with SLE. Her respiratory symptoms and pleural effusion were considered to be due to pulmonary manifestation of SLE. Conclusion: The underlying immunosuppression caused by SLE could have predisposed the patient to invasive pneumococcal disease. It may also occur as a primary presenting feature, although a rare condition. Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus

The great challenges in Arctic Ocean paleoceanography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stein, Ruediger

2011-01-01

Despite the importance of the Arctic in the climate system, the data base we have from this area is still very weak, and large parts of the climate history have not been recovered at all in sedimentary sections. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, international, multidisciplinary expeditions and projects for scientific drilling/coring in the Arctic Ocean are needed. Key areas and approaches for drilling and recovering undisturbed and complete sedimentary sequences are depth transects across the major ocean ridge systems, i.e., the Lomonosov Ridge, the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, and the Chukchi Plateau/Northwind Ridge, the Beaufort, Kara and Laptev sea continental margins, as well as the major Arctic gateways towards the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The new detailed climate records from the Arctic Ocean spanning time intervals from the Late Cretaceous/Paleogene Greenhouse world to the Neogene-Quaternary Icehouse world and representing short- and long-term climate variability on scales from 10 to 10 6 years, will give new insights into our understanding of the Arctic Ocean within the global climate system and provide an opportunity to test the performance of climate models used to predict future climate change. With this, studying the Arctic Ocean is certainly one of the major challenges in climate research for the coming decades.

Spotlight: Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

May, J F

1988-12-01

The Republic of Togo is a land of 21,622 square miles on the west coast of Africa, 8 degrees north of the equator. The country is divided between the Kabye people in the north (22%) and the Ewe people in the south (35%). The president, General Gnassingbe Eyadema, is a Kabye. The population of 3.3 million (1988) is growing at the rate of 3.3%/year, despite an infant mortality of 107 deaths/1000 live births and a life expectancy of only 54 years. The total fertility rate is 6.5 children/woman. The birth rate is 47 births/1000 population, and the death rate is 14/1000. Population growth, especially in the cities of Lome and Kara, where 1/4 of the population lives, is considered a major threat to development. A Demographic and Health Survey has been taken, and a Conference on Population and Development was held in Lome in 1987 to draft a national population policy statement. Family planning services need to be implemented to raise the contraceptive prevalence rate above its present 2%, and the population needs to be redistributed, but this requires investment of funds currently being used to service the foreign debt. The country's gross national product is only $300 per capita.

Application of radiochemical method under radioecological situation study in locations of radioactive wastes damping in shallow gulfs of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stepanets, O.V.; Borisov, A.P.; Komarevskij, V.M.; Ligachev, A.N.; Solov'eva

2005-01-01

Results of works carried out on the 'Boris Petrov Academician' research ship on burial locations examination of submarine potential hazardous objects in the Kara Sea and in the Stepovoj, Abrosimov and Stivol'ka gulfs are cited. Comprehensive radioecological studies in the damping locations of solid radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago conducted in 2002-2004 with application of radio-chemical methods for certain radionuclides determination in the samples of bottom sediments and water in the immediate vicinity from the submerged objects are allowing to revealing the objective picture of man-caused contamination of water environment near submerged objects and by the gulfs water area. The studies uniting instrumental tools of acoustic search and visual objects inspection, opportunity of sampling of bottom sediments and near bottom water in the object vicinity and away from it with subsequent analysis of selected samples by the method of direct gamma-spectroscopy and radio-chemical concentration of certain radionuclides are permitting to obtain the statistically assisted data set on special concentrations of cesium, strontium, cobalt, plutonium radionuclides in a water layer and bottom sediments. Obtained results with taking into account of hydrological conditions allow to explain the peculiarities of radioactivity distribution in separate water areas

"Multicultural teaching in the early childhood classroom: approaches, strategies, and tools, pre-school to 2nd grade" / Kara D. Brown

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Brown, Kara D.

2014-01-01

Ameerika autori Mariana Souto-Manningu raamatu tutvustus. Teoses käsitletakse õpetamist USA mitmekultuurilises keskkonnas ning strateegiaid, mis aitavad õppetöös kaasa võrdsusele ja ühiskonnamuutustele

Life defence against big storm surges. Cyclone shelter in Bangladesh; Kyodai takashio kara seimei wo mamoru. Bangladesh no cyclone shelter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakagawa, H. [Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan). Disaster Prevention Research Inst.

1996-08-15

This paper presents the cyclone shelters in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been damaged by flooding due to big storm surges caused by cyclone every year, losing many human lives and properties. The sea within 100km apart from the coast is gradually shoaling beach shallower than 10m because of sediment transport by the Ganges. Consequently, huge storm surges are easily caused by cyclone generated in Bay of Bengal. The cyclone shelter is only one refuge from cyclone. Construction of the cyclone shelters was opened in the 1960s, and the public work department (PWD) in the government had constructed the cyclone shelters under support by International Development Association (IDA) since 1970. At the same time, BDRCS had constructed the shelters under support by Red Cross Societies of every country, and positive NGOs such as Caritas had been also in the same action. Because many cyclone shelters became too old for use, construction of new cyclone shelters was opened again just after disaster in 1991. 2 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Characteristic analysis of turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment structure; Takukakuka kukan kozo ni okeru ranryunetsu kakusan gensho no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, C; Fukuchi, N [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-10-01

An analysis was made on turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment structure necessary for designing calorific power and environment for functional systems used in marine vessels and off-shore structures. In a multi-compartment structure, the diffusion phenomenon is complex because of movement of air flow in turbulence and buoyancy resulted from non-isothermal condition. The phenomenon is largely affected by space shapes and walls, and the conditions in heat diffusion field is governed also by shapes of opening connecting the compartments. An analysis was made by using the SIMPLE method on turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment space with high Raleigh number in which natural convection is dominant. If the opening is small, the Coanda effect appears, in which air flow passing through the opening rises along the wall, wherein a high-temperature layer is formed near the ceiling, making the heat diffusion inactive. If the opening is large, a jetting flow from the opening and a large circulating flow are created, which cause active advection mixture, making temperature gradient smaller in the upper layer. Heat transfer intensity in an opening on a partition wall decays in proportion with 1/4th power of the opening ratio. 7 refs., 11 figs.

Three dimensional numerical modeling for investigation of fracture zone filled with water by borehole radar; Borehole radar ni yoru gansui hasaitai kenshutsu no sanjigen suchi modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanada, Y; Watanabe, T; Ashida, Y [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan); Hasegawa, K; Yabuuchi, S [Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Water bearing fracture zones existing in rock mass largely influence the underground water flow and dynamic property of rock mass. The detailed survey of the location and size of water bearing fracture zones is an important task in the fields such as civil engineering, environment and disaster prevention. Electromagnetic waves of high frequency zones can be grasped as a wave phenomenon, and the record obtained in the actual measurement is wave forms of time series. In the exploration using borehole radar, this water bearing fracture zone becomes the reflection surface, and also becomes a factor of damping in the transmitted wave. By examining changes which these give to the observed wave forms, therefore, water bearing fracture zones can be detected. This study made three dimensional numerical modeling using the time domain finite difference method, and obtained the same output as the observed wave form obtained using borehole radar. By using this program and changing each of the parameters such as frequency and resistivity in the homogeneous medium, changes of the wave forms were observed. Further, examples were shown of modeling of detection of water bearing fracture zones. 5 refs., 16 figs., 1 tab.

Fundamental study of interpretation technique for 3-D magnetotelluric data using neural networks; Neural network wo mochiita sanjigen MT ho data kaishaku gijutsu no kisoteki kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kobayashi, T; Fukuoka, K; Shima, H [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Mogi, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Spichak, V

1997-05-27

The research and development have been conducted to apply neural networks to interpretation technique for 3-D MT data. In this study, a data base of various data was made from the numerical modeling of 3-D fault model, and the data base management system was constructed. In addition, an unsupervised neural network for treating noise and a supervised neural network for estimating fault parameters such as dip, strike and specific resistance were made, and a basic neural network system was constructed. As a result of the application to the various data, basically sufficient performance for estimating the fault parameters was confirmed. Thus, the optimum MT data for this system were selected. In future, it is necessary to investigate the optimum model and the number of models for learning these neural networks. 3 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Synergistic extraction of gold from sulfuric acid solution containing thiourea. Ryusan sansei chio nyoso yoeki kara no kin no kyodo chushutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niinae, M.; Nakahiro, Y.; Wakamatsu, T. (Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering); Oboso, A. (Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan). Graduate School); Takenaka, Y. (Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan))

1991-08-20

Solvent extraction was investigated as a method of recovering Au from sulfuric acid solution containing thiourea. With the objective of improving Au extraction by die-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA), effects of D2EHPA, TOA, TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate), and trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) as extractants were investigated. When mixed extractant of D2EHPA with TBP or TOPO, or mixture of TOA with TBP or TOPO was used, synergistic effect was observed for the extraction of AU, and they were proved to be effective for the improvement of Au extraction. When D2EHPA/TBP and D2EHPA/TOPO mixtures were used, the extraction of Fe was suppressed on the contrary, and they were found to be effective for the separation of Au and Fe. Benzene used as diluent seemed to be favorable to both the extraction of Au and the separation of Au and Fe. The selection of sulfuric acid concentration seemed to be an important factor for the extraction efficiency of Au and the separation efficiency of Au and Fe, while little effect was observed with the concentration of thiourea. 4 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.

Control of pouring molten charge out of a levitation type cold crucible; Fuyogata cold crucible kara no hiyukaibutsu no chuto seigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ando, K.; Iwai, K.; Asai, S. [Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-10-25

The cold crucible is a high-frequency induced heating melting process consisting of the cold copper crucible, coil, and charge. The levitation type crucible is of the cup type device, with the magnetic field concentrated to the vicinity of the hole in its bottom, so that the whole charge is melted and non-contact retention is achieved by the Lorentz`s force. However, when the vacuum suction method or the tilting method is used to take out or pour a charge from the crucible, defects such as contamination due to contact with the wall and heat transfer are unavoidable. This report proposes a new pouring method using the electromagnetic force, providing the logical and experimental examinations. As a result of analysis of the electromagnetic force applied on the side of the charge levitating in the crucible, it was confirmed that changing the current value through the coil varies the pouring phenomenon, depending on the followability of the levitating position, and changing the relative position of the coil to the crucible enables pouring. Thus, the pouring form measuring method was established. 9 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Geochemical fixation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Chikyu kagakuteki kenchi kara no tansan'en ni yoru nisanka tanso no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, M [Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-06-15

The Mitsubishi Research Institute has investigated and discussed the current situation and the future direction of the studies on geochemical fixation of carbon dioxide by means of carbonates. This paper summarizes the results thereof. The discussion items are listed as follows: The current status of land areas active in carbonate fixation (lake-bottom deposits, sabkha, dry areas, carbonate rock areas); investigation on sea areas active in carbonate fixation (coral reef areas, land shelf areas, open sea areas, and mantle); development of environmental change analyzing technologies (measurement of ancient environments, measurement of fixation ages, development of local area analysis, measurement of diagenetic structures, origin and behavior of trace elements in carbonate substances, and measurement of the current environments); evaluation on fixation ability of carbon sinks (circulation and fixation in coral reef ecosystems, calcification mechanisms in calcareous algae, dissolution processes at ocean bottoms, and inorganic chemical measurement); and investigation on simulation models (solution chemistry equilibrium model and global carbonate circulation model). 4 refs., 1 tab.

Extension of the Fukaya fault and deep structure of the Konan terrace; Fukaya danso no encho to Konan daichi no chika kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, K; Kano, N; Yokokura, T; Kiguchi, T; Yokota, T; Tanaka, A [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sato, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1997-10-22

With an objective to elucidate the relationship between the central tectonic line in the Kanto area and the active faults appearing in topography, seismic exploration using the reflection method has been carried out. The course of traverse was set in the south west to north east direction starting from the north east part of the Kanto mountainous area to the Menuma lowland passing through the Konan high plain. The line crosses nearly perpendicularly the direction in which the general beds in this area run. A 400-kg weight was used as a vibration source in the western half of the course of travel, and the MinivibT15000 (made by IVI Corporation) in the eastern half. Considerations given based on the preliminary CMP polymerization time cross section may be summarized as follows: the Fukaya fault cannot be tracked topographically further to the south east side than Mikejiri in Kumagaya City, but the reflection face from CMP 2050 to about 2100 shows an inclined bed on the south west side and a horizontal bed on the north east side; judging from change in the inclination in the beds, the Fukaya fault is thought to extend to the south east direction; the location of inclination change on the cross section turns to the south west side as the depth increases; and, if this is regarded as the fault face, the Fukaya fault could be said an inverse fault. 5 refs., 2 figs.

Global environment assessment survey by advancing the energy demand and supply structure. 4; Energy jukyu kozo kodoka chikyu kankyo eikyo chosa. 4

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

To investigate the energy demand and supply structure in Japan, the international trend of approaches to global warming problems and the mitigation options to global warming in the energy related sectors have been surveyed. For the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an Ad-hoc Group has discussed relevant topics after the 1st conference of the Parties. Meetings of the Group primarily focused on what objectives to set for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in and in and after 2000. IPCC completed their Technical Paper in November 1996 in which technologies and measures to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance GHG sinks were analyzed and evaluated in various aspects. This Paper discusses about each sector of institutional buildings sector, transport sector, industrial sector, and energy supply sector. Especially, in the energy supply sector, promising approaches to reduce future emission include more efficient conversion of fossil fuels, switching to low-carbon fossil fuels, decarbonization of flue gas and fuels, CO2 storage, switching to nuclear energy, and switching to renewable sources of energy. 5 refs., 2 figs., 14 tabs.

Correlation between the structural relaxation and the functionality of optically functional glasses; Kokinosei glass ni okeru kozo kanwa to kinosei no sokan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishida, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-15

A discussion was given to elucidate the correlation between the crystallization of infrared ray permeating glass and the infrared ray permeability. The elucidation used infrared ray permeation spectrum, infrared ray absorption spectrum, and the Mosbauer effect. Reduction in permeability due to heat treatment of aluminate glass was discussed from the crystallization mechanism. Ultrafine crystals of mayenite phase having a composition ratio of CaO/Al2O3 = 1.7 diffuse and grow from the glass surface into interior as a result of heat treatment. The crystal growth is triggered by severance of Al-O tetrahedron. Gallate glass has CaGa2O4 and small amount of CaFe2O4 phase deposited when it is heat-treated in the vicinity of Tg. Although the infrared ray permeability decreases in association with the crystallization, the decrease is limited to crystallization on the glass surface, hence the permeability will not fall to zero. Laser irradiation on the gallate glass causes crystallization, resulting in reduced infrared ray permeability. Semi-stable Ca3Ga4O7 phase remains, however, because the heat energy amount is not large. Tellurite glass has {alpha}-TeO2 and a small amount of telluric acid iron deposit when heat-treated. 29 refs., 10 figs.

NEDO coal mining structure adjustment subcommittee. 18th project report meeting; NEDO sekitan kogyo kozo chosei bunkakai. Dai 18 kai jigyo hokokukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

Concerning the subject matter, a NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) director Keishiro Kawamo reports on NEDO's projects designed to smoothly implement the 'new coal policy'. Nobuaki Terasaka, chief of the planning division, coal and new energy department, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, takes up the current status of the coal policy and the tasks it faces, and discusses, predicting the development of the coal policy, the assurance of stable supply of coal from abroad, development of clean coal technologies that will rightly deal with the world-wide environmental problems, and the international diffusion of the clean coal technologies and the completion of the basement therefor. Concerning the 'development of zeolite-related commodities,' a report is delivered on the manufacture of a soil improving material and a deodorant for fish grill from zeolite found rich in coal layers of Pacific Coal Mine Co., Ltd. Concerning the 'polycrystalline diamond manufacturing project,' a polycrystalline diamond synthesizing method making use of the blasting technique employed at coal mines is reported. (NEDO)

Some studies on structural planning of long-span cable stayed bridge; Choshikan shachokyo no kozo keikaku ni kansuru 2,3 no kosatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, T. [NKK Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-06-20

Feasibility of cabled-stayed bridges with 1000m-grade spans is discussed while re-examining the plan for constructing a Great Tatara Bridge to connect Honshu and Shikoku, Japan, and in this process various tasks and questions are isolated. Some which will be problems in designing the new bridge structure are taken up, including the load-bearing capability of the bridge as a whole, vibration of long cables, resistance to long-period earthquakes, and accuracy management during the construction work. Findings are stated below. A cable-stayed bridge is not significantly different from a suspension bridge and is sufficiently feasible until the span exceeds 1500m. When the span is longer, however, the bridge beam cross section needs be designed very prudently in view of the great axial force and wind load to be imposed on it. Effective for the assurance of load-bearing capability for a long-span cabled-stayed bridge is a structure in which load is elastically confined in the direction of the bridge axis. In connection with vibration damping for very long cables, it is verified that a new dimpled cable suits the purpose of suppressing wind load from increasing without reduction in damping effect. 28 refs., 23 figs., 7 tabs.

Studies on connecting structure between steel shell and steel reinforced concrete; Kokaku to tekkotsu tekkin concrete tono ketsugo kozo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morimoto, A. [Kinki University, Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Science and Engineering; Morikawa, H.; Ito, N. [Metropolitan Expressway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-02-15

On the insert reinforcing bar structure for the connecting part of the main tower of cable stayed bridges, this paper reports verification results on a load resistant safety with a full-scale model, structure analysis and construction work. The basic structure was composed of a drilled steel shell, inserted reinforcing bars, fixing structure of bars in lining concrete of the shell and a pressure bearing plate. As an experimental result, the connecting part had a sufficient load carrying capacity against both tensile and compressive loads. The shear stress of the insert reinforcing bar structure was estimated successfully under von Mises`s condition. The shear spring constant in deformation characteristics was linearly proportional to an inserted reinforcing bar ratio. In earthquake, nearly 60% of an allowable compressive load was transferred to concrete through the pressure bearing plate. The analytical results of load resistant deformation characteristics of the connecting part well agreed with experimental ones, and the proposed analytical model was applicable to estimation of a dynamic behavior. 5 refs., 22 figs., 4 tabs.

A Type of Rural Houses or a Cultural Heritage That Tending to Disappear: Beehive Houses of Suruç

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mehmet Sait Şahinalp

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Beehive houses of Suruç are completely built from sun dried mudbrick. Traditionally, rural house of Suruç plain is beehive houses. It has known that these houses have been used for centuries. These houses rooms have square plan and each room have conical roof. In terms of their own characteristic, Suruç beehive houses different from other conical or dome roofed houses such as beehive house of Harran, Trullo and Clochán. Basically there are four usage spaces; living rooms, designs of granaries, barn or folds and haylofts which are respectively arranged from south to north. These usage spaces are connected to each other with eyvans or gates without door. As requirement of rural life, these houses have some outbuildings such as tendur (tandoor, kadin (hayloft, gom (open folder, ça’l, lod and seki (terrace. Due to some environmental and socio-economic problems have caused migration from countryside to cities during the last 30 years. As a result of this, the Suruç beehive houses have either disused or abandoned completely. In addition, especially in last 30 years, the villagers in the area have begun to prefer building the reinforced concrete houses. This has led some of the Suruç beehive houses either to be destroyed or abandoned. Recent survived examples of these houses can be seen in Kara, Yatırtepe and Boztepe villages

Evolution of the Eurasian Ice Sheets during the Last Deglaciation (25-10 kyr)

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, A. L. C.; Gyllencreutz, R.; Mangerud, J.; Svendsen, J. I.; Lohne, Ø. S.

2014-12-01

Both the timing of maximum extent and subsequent pace of retreat of the interconnected Eurasian (British-Irish, Scandinavian, Svalbard-Barents-Kara Sea) Ice Sheets were spatially variable likely reflecting contrasts in response to forcing mechanisms, geographical settings and glacial dynamics both between individual ice sheets and ice-sheet sectors. For example the maximum limit along the western continental shelf edge was reached up to 3,000 years earlier than the maximum, mainly terrestrial, limits in the east. We present new time-slice reconstructions of the ice-sheet evolution through the last deglaciation based on a compiled chronology of over 5,000 dates and published ice-margin positions. Ice-sheet margins are depicted every 1,000 years (25-10 kyr) and include uncertainty estimates (represented by maximum, minimum and most-credible lines). The new ice-sheet scale reconstructions summarise and provide the means for direct comparison of the empirical geological record against simulations of the deglacial ice-sheet evolution from numerical and isostatic ice-sheet modelling and the timing of abrupt events observed in deglacial climate and ocean records. The reconstruction process has identified both instances of conflicting evidence and gaps in the geological record that should be a focus for future studies. This work is part of an on-going project to reconstruct the changing limits of the Eurasian Ice Sheets through the last glacial cycle (www.uib.no/project/dated).

Improvement in simulation of Eurasian winter climate variability with a realistic Arctic sea ice condition in an atmospheric GCM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim, Young-Kwon; Ham, Yoo-Geun; Jeong, Jee-Hoon; Kug, Jong-Seong

2012-01-01

The present study investigates how much a realistic Arctic sea ice condition can contribute to improve simulation of the winter climate variation over the Eurasia region. Model experiments are set up using different sea ice boundary conditions over the past 24 years (i.e., 1988–2011). One is an atmospheric model inter-comparison (AMIP) type of run forced with observed sea-surface temperature (SST), sea ice, and greenhouse gases (referred to as Exp RSI), and the other is the same as Exp RSI except for the sea ice forcing, which is a repeating climatological annual cycle (referred to as Exp CSI). Results show that Exp RSI produces the observed dominant pattern of Eurasian winter temperatures and their interannual variation better than Exp CSI (correlation difference up to ∼0.3). Exp RSI captures the observed strong relationship between the sea ice concentration near the Barents and Kara seas and the temperature anomaly across Eurasia, including northeastern Asia, which is not well captured in Exp CSI. Lagged atmospheric responses to sea ice retreat are examined using observations to understand atmospheric processes for the Eurasian cooling response including the Arctic temperature increase, sea-level pressure increase, upper-level jet weakening and cold air outbreak toward the mid-latitude. The reproducibility of these lagged responses by Exp RSI is also evaluated. (letter)

Improvement in Simulation of Eurasian Winter Climate Variability with a Realistic Arctic Sea Ice Condition in an Atmospheric GCM

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Young-Kwon; Ham, Yoo-Geun; Jeong, Jee-Hoon; Kug, Jong-Seong

2012-01-01

The present study investigates how much a realistic Arctic sea ice condition can contribute to improve simulation of the winter climate variation over the Eurasia region. Model experiments are set up using different sea ice boundary conditions over the past 24 years (i.e., 1988-2011). One is an atmospheric model inter-comparison (AMIP) type of run forced with observed sea-surface temperature (SST), sea ice, and greenhouse gases (referred to as Exp RSI), and the other is the same as Exp RSI except for the sea ice forcing, which is a repeating climatological annual cycle (referred to as Exp CSI). Results show that Exp RSI produces the observed dominant pattern of Eurasian winter temperatures and their interannual variation better than Exp CSI (correlation difference up to approx. 0.3). Exp RSI captures the observed strong relationship between the sea ice concentration near the Barents and Kara seas and the temperature anomaly across Eurasia, including northeastern Asia, which is not well captured in Exp CSI. Lagged atmospheric responses to sea ice retreat are examined using observations to understand atmospheric processes for the Eurasian cooling response including the Arctic temperature increase, sea-level pressure increase, upper-level jet weakening and cold air outbreak toward the mid-latitude. The reproducibility of these lagged responses by Exp RSI is also evaluated.

Conservation of rare species of marine flora and fauna of the Russian Arctic National Park, included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the IUCN Red List

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria V. Gavrilo

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The Russian Arctic National Park is a marine Protected Area playing a significant role in conservation of rare and protected endemic species of the Arctic fauna and flora, included in the IUCN Red List and/or in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The Russian Arctic National Park is considered to be: (1 the major ground for the reproduction of the Atlantic walrus stock inhabiting the north-eastern Kara-Barents Sea Region; (2 the key area maintaining the globally threatened Svalbard population of the bowhead whale; (3 the principal denning grounds of the Barents Sea sub-population of the polar bear in Russia; (4 important summer feeding grounds of the beluga whale; (5 the key breeding ground of the ivory gull in the European Arctic; (6 the only proved breeding grounds of the light-bellied brent goose in Russia. The major efforts in studying rare species in the Russian Arctic National Park are aimed at the monitoring and research on the ivory gull, Atlantic walrus and the polar bear. These studies are performed both by the scientists and staff of the National Park and by specialists working in other scientific institutes. The data on the other species are obtained occasionally. Here, we state the major threat for the rare marine species and define the activities of high priority for further conservation, monitoring and research.

Decommissioning nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities at the Mining and Chemical Combine: International cooperation in assessment of impact on the environment and population health

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lebedev, V.A.; Revenko, Y.A.; Zhidkov, V.V.

2002-01-01

The discharge of radionuclides to the Yenisei River has substantially reduced after shutdown of direct cycle reactors at the Mining and Chemical Combine; currently exposure dose rate above water surface and radionuclide concentration in sewage water flows do not exceed the levels set by existing sanitary rules. The results of other protection measures connected with decommissioning of nuclear- and radiation-dangerous facilities and environment restoration activity are considered in the paper. Recently, the workers of the Mining and Chemical Combine, together with specialists from other Russian institutions and with international participation, made significant progress in investigation and monitoring of the radiological impact, primarily in the Yenisei River floodplain and around the 'Severnyi' radwaste disposal site. The inventory of man-made radionuclides in flood-plain deposits of the Yenisei River was assessed and long-term radionuclide transport into the Kara Sea forecasted. New local information on radionuclide pathways to man and environment was the basis for the development of an original dosimetric model. The models of radionuclide migration in the underground liquid radwaste disposal sites have been created and associated human doses predicted. A GIS project has been developed for Yenisei River floodplain contamination. Future work will include development of M and CC ecological geoinformation cadastre and assessments of the impact of radionuclide exposure on the environment, agriculture, fishing, and water quality, as well as identification of necessary rehabilitation measures. (author)

Proposed amendments to the legal proposition on establishment of non-marital paternity from 1855

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kulauzov Maša M.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Proposed amendments to the article 130 of Serbian Civil Code (henceforth: SCC of 1844 regarding establishment of non-marital paternity were scrutinized in this paper. Originally, establishment of non-marital paternity was granted, but with significant restriction that presumed parent could have been declared the father of an illegitimate child only if he had recognized paternity. That is the reason why in 1855 the Supreme Court suggested amendment to the provision concerning determination of paternity. According to proposed modification, evidence that presumed father was on intimate terms with child's mother in the time of conception should have been sufficient for establishment of paternity. As non-marital relationships were condemned in patriarchal Serbian 19th century society, illegitimate children were considered a product of sin and family disgrace. Hence, the Ministry of Justice, the State Council and Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević were not interested in bettering their position by widening possibilities of determination of fatherhood. Subsequently, in 1868 the amendment was passed by which non-marital paternity could not have been established by a court order, subject to certain exceptions (if one raped or abducted a woman, and the time of conception coincided with the time of abduction or rape. Since 1868 paternity could have been determined solely subject to the consent, i.e. recognition of the illegitimate father.

Three dimensional numerical modeling for ground penetrating radar using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; Jikan ryoiki yugen sabunho ni yoru chika radar no sanjigen suchi modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanada, Y; Ashida, Y; Sassa, K [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan)

1996-10-01

3-D numerical modeling by FDTD method was studied for ground penetrating radar. Radar radiates electromagnetic wave, and determines the existence and distance of objects by reflection wave. Ground penetrating radar uses the above functions for underground surveys, however, its resolution and velocity analysis accuracy are problems. In particular, propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in media such as heterogeneous and anisotropic soil and rock are essential. The behavior of electromagnetic wave in the ground could be precisely reproduced by 3-D numerical modeling using FDTD method. FDTD method makes precise analysis in time domain and electric and magnetic fields possible by sequentially calculating the difference equation of Maxwell`s equation. Because of the high calculation efficiency of FDTD method, more precise complicated analysis can be expected by using the latest advanced computers. The numerical model and calculation example are illustrated for surface type electromagnetic pulse ground penetrating radar assuming the survey of steel pipes of 1m deep. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Three dimensional transient electromagnetic model study for fracture prediction from tunnel face; Sanjigen model keisan ni yoru TEM ho no tunnel zenpo tansa eno tekiyosei no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wada, K; Tsutsui, T; Saito, A [Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Hara, T [Toda Corp., Tokyo, (Japan); Zhdanov, M [University of Utah, UT (United States)

1996-10-01

In order to apply TEM model to fracture prediction at tunnel face, 3-D TEM model computation by FEM was conducted by installing a transmission loop on a tunnel face. MT field responses diffusing into the 3-D model were computed by time-domain difference calculus, and analytical precision was improved by introducing a staggered grid method. In the case where a low resistive zone exists before a tunnel face, time variance in diffused eddy current and induction current in the low resistive zone could be obtained. The difference in tunnel-axial transient curve (transient phenomenon curve in magnetic field) between uniform medium and low resistive zone models was based on the absorption process of diffused eddy current into the low resistive zone, and the expanding process of it toward the outside. Change in background condition could be predicted from the background and the ratio of transient curves every measurement. The detection limit of the low resistive zone was dependent on resistivity contrast, distance and geometry. Fluctuation in measurement due to noises and S/N ratio were also essential. 3 refs., 10 figs.

Study on a new type variable valve lift timing mechanism with a three dimensional cam; Sanjigen cam ni yoru shinkahen valve lift timing kiko ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogura, M; Song, C [Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama (Japan)

1997-10-01

The variable valve timing mechanism was invented to get a torque band at wide engine speed, and to reduce a compression job and pumping loss by a miler cycle at partial load. In this paper, the new type variable valve timing mechanism applying a three dimensional cam was proposed. Also, the feature of mechanism and the control system was done obviously. Further, about a miler cycle, a thermodynamics -like consideration was described. 5 refs., 8 figs.

Exploration of underground basement structures in Kanto plain using the spatial autocorrelation method. 1. S-wave velocity structure along the line from Hatoyama, Saitama to Noda, Chiba; Kukan jiko sokanho ni yoru Kanto heiya no kiban kozo tansa. 1. Saitamaken Hatoyama machi - Chibaken Nodashi kan no S ha sokudo kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuoka, T; Umezawa, N; Shiraishi, H [Saitama Institute of Environmental Pollution, Saitama (Japan)

1997-05-27

The Saitama prefectural government has been conducting basement structure exploration using the spatial autocorrelation method by dividing the entire plain area into meshes, for the purpose of improving the accuracy of estimating large-scale seismic damages. This paper reports the result of explorations on meshes in the east-west direction in the central part of Saitama Prefecture. The present exploration was intended on ten meshes in the east-west direction along the north latitude 36-degree line. The number of exploration points is 13 comprising three points on the hilly area bordering on the eastern edge of the Kanto mountainous area and ten points on the plain area. The arrangement constitutes a traverse line with a total distance of about 33 km from the west edge (Hatoyama-machi in Saitama Prefecture) to the east edge (Noda City in Chiba Prefecture). The phase velocities were estimated from the result of the array microtremor observations using the spatial autocorrelation method applied with the FET. The phase velocities were used to estimate underground structures by using an inverse analysis. As a result, detailed two-dimensional S-wave velocity structures were revealed on the traverse line. The velocity cross section expresses change in the basement structures with sufficient resolution, and at the same time the information is judged highly harmonious with existing deep boring data and the result of artificial earthquake exploration. 15 refs., 6 figs.

Characterization of grape seed and pomace oil extracts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sema Çetin, Emine

2007-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient and antioxidant contents of grape seed and pomace oil extracts from the main Turkish wine grape cultivars, Kalecik karas1, Narince, Hasandede and Emir. Dried and powdered seed and pomace materials were extracted with hexane. The results showed that the oil concentration of seeds ranged from 12.35 to 16.00% while in pomace the oil concentration varied from 5.47 to 8.66%. Grape seed and pomace oils were rich in oleic and linoleic acids and the degree of unsaturation in the oils was over 85%. α- tocopherol was the most abundant tocopherol in the oil extracts. Although γ and δ-tocopherols were found with low concentrations, β-tocopherol was not detected in the oil extracts. Oil extracts from pomace in all cultivars gave the highest tocopherol contents compared to the seeds. The contents of total phenolics were higher in pomace oil extracts than seed oil extracts. The highest total phenolic content (392.74 mg/kg was found in the oil extract from Narince pomace compared to the other oil extracts. The refractive indexes of pomace oil extracts ranged from 1.445 to 1.468 while the refractive indexes of the seed oil extracts ranged from 1.460 and 1.466. In conclusion, wine byproducts including the seeds and pomace can be utilized both to get natural antioxidants and to obtain edible vegetable oil.El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los contenidos de nutrientes y antioxidantes de extractos de aceite de orujo y pepita de uva de los principales cultivares de uva de Turquía, Kalecik karas1, Narince, Hasandede y Emir. El material procedente del orujo y las semillas, seco y pulverizado, se extrajo con hexano. Los resultados mostraron que la concentración de aceite de las semillas osciló entre 12,35 y 16,00 % mientras que en el aceite de orujo la concentración varió entre 5,47 y 8,66%. Los aceites de orujo y pepita de uva eran ricos en ácido oleico y linoleico y su grado de instauraci

Preliminary investigation on the deformation rates of the Nazimiye Fault (Eastern Turkey)

Science.gov (United States)

Sançar, Taylan

2016-04-01

The complex tectonic setting of the eastern Mediterranean is mainly shaped by the interaction between three major plates, Eurasian, African, and Arabian plates, with additional involvement from the smaller Anatolian Scholle. The internal deformation of the Anatolian Scholle is mainly accommodated along NW-striking dextral and NE-striking sinistral faults, which are explained by the Prandtl Cell model by Şengör (1979). Although some of these strike-slip faults, such as Tuzgölü, Ecemiş and Malatya-Ovacık faults, have long been documented, the Nazimiye Fault (NF) is only presented in very recent studies (Kara et al. 2013; Emre et al. 2012). The aim of the study is to understand intra-plate deformation of the Anatolian Scholle, by studying the morphotectonic structures along the NF. The study area located close to the eastern boundary of Anatolia, roughly on the wedge that is delimited by the North and East Anatolian shear zones and the Malatya-Ovacık Fault Zone. After the preliminary remote sensing analyses and field observations, I mapped the locations of the different terrace treads along the Pülümür River, which is strongly deflected by the activity of the NF. This dextral strike-slip fault, is not only characterized with the deformation of the Pülümür River, but also it shows many beheaded streams, pressure ridges, hot springs and travertines along its course. I sampled one of the alluvial fans for cosmogenic dating at the eastern section of the NF, where about 20 m of dextral offset was measured at the margins of the incised stream. Moreover, additional sampling was performed from different terrace levels along the Pülümür River, in order not only to estimate the min. horizontal rate, but also to quantify the vertical deformation. Moreover, I applied morphometric indices to understand the tectonic control on the local morphology along the NF. Transverse Topographic Symmetry Factor was used to show the relative degree of tectonic activity along the

SiC/C composite sheets produced from polycarbosilane/resin/bonder mixtures. Polycarbosilane/jushi/bonder kongokei kara sakuseishita SiC/C fukugo sheet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawamura, K. (The National Defense Academy, Kanagawa (Japan)); Koga, J.; Iwata, T.; Yamanaka, S.; Ono, M. (Mitsubishi Materials Corp., Saitama (Japan))

1992-02-01

In a course of work to improve anti-oxidative property and strength of sheets of carbonic composite materials with resins, and further to produce those sheets in an industrial scale, it was tried to prepare two types of 0.4 {approximately} 0.6 m thickness SiC / C composite sheets by heat treatment of two green sheets polycarbosilane ( PCS ) / fran resin / binder type and PCS / (phenol-formaldehyde resin / binder type ) at temperature of 1200 {approximately} 1400{degree}C in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The sheets thus made were subjected to SEM observation, X-ray diffraction, measurement of density and electric resistance, and to tests on weight loss by heating and on bending. The texture of them were as tight as that of their resin carbon ( glassy carbon ). The structural feature is formation of amorphous SiO{sub 2} as a secondary product, This indicates that Si in PCS reacts with oxygen in resin during pyrolysis. The bending strength and anti-oxidative property depend on the SiC content from PCS and that the mixing effect of SiC on them are feasible when a mixing ratio of PCS / resin is higher than (2/1). 13 ref., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Economic evaluation on participation of IPP as seen from an electric power system; Denryoku system kara mita IPP sannyu no keizaiteki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, F.; Horibe, H.; Hayakawa, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Kaji, Y. [Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan)

1997-01-30

A discussion was given on value of participation of an IPP as seen from an electric power system operation plan prepared by utilities. In the discussion, evaluation was made using as the breakeven cost of IPP power purchase prices the difference in power generation cost between electric power systems in which an IPP is participating and not participating, or in other words, the reduced portion of the power generation cost. As a result of the discussion, the following matters were indicated: in the case where an utility company expands its capacity by installing a coal-fired thermal power plant which is lower in operation cost, to deal with increase in power demand, the breakeven cost could be an avoidable cost for the utility company; if the expansion by installing a coal-fired thermal plant is not possible, the breakeven cost for a base type IPP would rise; the breakeven cost for a peak type IPP would be higher than for the base type IPP because the breakeven cost can serve to cut the peak for generators owned by the utility company; and participation of an IPP to power sources in remote areas would provide a large effect to reduce power transmission loss in an entire system, thereby increasing the breakeven cost. 1 ref., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Micropropagation of five species of Campanula growing on the territory of Botanical Garden named prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyansky of Voronezh State University

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. A. Zemlyanukhina

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The development of evidence-based methods of reproduction of protected and highly decorative species that are in high demand for use in landscaping, as well as the establishment of gene pools of species and varieties of plants in actively growing collection corresponds to the main direction of the state coordination program for the development of biotechnology in the Russian Federation until 2020 «BIO 2020». The on-standing research developed and optimized the conditions for obtaining actively proliferating cultures of 5 disappearing species; Campanula rotundifolia L., Campanula persicifolia L., Campanula trachelium L., Campanula rapunculoides L., Campanula glomerata L. Optimized conditions of rhizogenesis. The effect of the different sterilization and antibiotics concentration (kanamycin, benzyl penicillin, gentamicin, klaforan on the growth and development of adventitious plants has been studied. Solutions of antibiotics for sterilization in addition to chlorine-containing agent («Belizna» and mercury (thimerosal are needed. The possible negative effects of the addition of antibiotics in incubation solution lead to increasing of somaclonal variation, neсrosis, disturbance of chlorine synthesis («fatal lack of chlorophyll», slow down the growth of adventitious shoots, and others. It is proposed LED lighting culture in a rack 16 hour period lighting LED strip 12 V power 4.5 W/m (3 LED 10 cm tape, general illumination of 2500–3000 lux. Each shelf is added with red tape photodiodes. The results allow, if necessary, to obtain plantation quantity of these kinds of Campanula in a short time.

Travel time and ray path computation in 2D-heterogeneous structures; Fukinshitsu kozo ni okeru jishinha soji oyobi hasen no atarashii keisan hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujie, G; Kasahara, J; Sato, T; Mochizuki, K [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1996-05-01

Methods were studied for determining the initial travel time and ray paths with stability when an non-linear travel time inversion is performed in an inhomogeneous structure. The travel time calculation was based on Faria and Stoffa`s method. First, the 2-dimension space was sectioned by grids, and `slowness` was assigned to all the lattice points. Starting from the vibration source, travel time at each lattice point is sequentially calculated. This method calculates travel time for any structure without breakup. In this study, an algorithm more sophisticated than the method of Faria, et al., was developed, and the improvement of travel time calculation accuracy led to the accurate determination of the direction of incidence into the lattice points during the initial motion. The calculation of ray paths was effected by tracing back from the receiving points the incidence into the lattice points or by following back the ray paths to the vibration source. This method performs stable calculation for a heavily inhomogeneous structure and, with the algorithm being simple, do the parallel programming as well. 1 ref., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 2000 report on result of the full-length cDNA structure analysis; 2000 nendo kanzen cho cDNA kozo kaiseki seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This paper explains the results of research on full-length cDNA structure analysis for the period from April, 2000 to March, 2001. The outline of human genome sequence was published in June, 2000. In Japan, human gene analysis was such that, as the basic technology of the bio industry, a millennium project was decided in the budget of fiscal 2000. The full-length cDNA structure analysis is the core of the project. The libraries of cDNA were prepared using full-length and more than 4-5kbp-long cDNAs by oligo-capping method. It began from determining partial sequence data at end cDNA, and then, with new clones selected therefrom, full-length human cDNA sequence data were determined. The partial sequence data determined by fiscal 2000 were 1,035,000 clones while the full-length sequence data were 12,144 clones. The sequence data obtained were analyzed by homology search and translated into amino acid coding sequences, with predictions conducted on protein functions. A clustering method was examined that selects new clones from partial sequences. Database was constructed on gene expression profiles and disease-related gene sequence data. (NEDO)

Bayesian reliability analysis for non-periodic inspection with estimation of uncertain parameters; Bayesian shinraisei kaiseki wo tekiyoshita hiteiki kozo kensa ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itagaki, H. [Yokohama National University, Yokohama (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Asada, H.; Ito, S. [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan); Shinozuka, M.

1996-12-31

Risk assessed structural positions in a pressurized fuselage of a transport-type aircraft applied with damage tolerance design are taken up as the subject of discussion. A small number of data obtained from inspections on the positions was used to discuss the Bayesian reliability analysis that can estimate also a proper non-periodic inspection schedule, while estimating proper values for uncertain factors. As a result, time period of generating fatigue cracks was determined according to procedure of detailed visual inspections. The analysis method was found capable of estimating values that are thought reasonable and the proper inspection schedule using these values, in spite of placing the fatigue crack progress expression in a very simple form and estimating both factors as the uncertain factors. Thus, the present analysis method was verified of its effectiveness. This study has discussed at the same time the structural positions, modeling of fatigue cracks generated and develop in the positions, conditions for destruction, damage factors, and capability of the inspection from different viewpoints. This reliability analysis method is thought effective also on such other structures as offshore structures. 18 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Integration of the market of the European Community and the change of the industrial structure; EC shijo togo to sangyo kozo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, T; Uno, K; Tanimoto, T; Yamashita, T [Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka (Japan). Institute for Industrial Research

1994-11-22

This paper describes progress of the cooperation as to the integration of EC market and the change of industrial structure. For the structural change in the industry and economy accompanied by the integration of EC, effects of the Maastricht Treaty on the economic structure of EC are described. It is considered that the EC countries are affected by the political and economical restrictions due to the agreement of this treaty. For the change in the distribution structure accompanied by the integration of EC, obstruction factors of the deregulation of EC transportation market are especially investigated. Differences in the distribution capacity, various regulations and standards, and labor condition among individual countries are pointed out as the obstruction factors. For the unity of Germany and its economical and administrative influence, various problems are pointed out as to the economical confusion, progress in the de-nationalization of enterprises, management of real estate and land, etc. For the structural change in the road freight market in the member nations of EC, the structure of road freight market is made clear for the previous West Germany before the integration of European market. It is confirmed that the internationalization of the German domestic market is being promoted.

Integration of the market of the European community and the change of the industrial structure. EC shijo togo to sangyo kozo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanimoto, T; Uno, K; Nakamura, T; Yamashita, S [Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka (Japan). Institute for Industrial Research

1992-11-20

This paper considers problems in the change of the industrial structure as a result of the EC market integration, and the change of the physical distribution structure, mainly in cargo transportation. The market integration is being moved forward mainly on liberalization of flows in people, materials, and currencies, but the material flow liberalization has not progressed noticeably because of difficulty in deregulations. Changes in the transportation structure on the whole in the EC countries would not see a complete removal of barriers supported by the transportation licensing system because of issues in protecting domestic transportation markets and sharing the road expenses, even if the tariff barrier has been removed as a result of the market integration. Amid the predictions on deregulated legislations and intensified competition associated with the integration, the French trucking industry is indicated of its direction toward a two-layer structure comprising large-scale enterprises and medium-to-small companies. The German unification created problems in transferring from the socialistic command economy to the capitalistic market economy. The paper gives considerations on the real state of affairs in the privatization policy of the people-owned enterprises in the former East Germany, and its economic and managerial problems that should be solved amid the large-area EC market integration based on the mutualism over and above the economic system transition.

X-ray diffraction analysis and MO calculations of 1H-tetrazole; 1H-tetorazoru no Xsen kessho kozo kaiseki to bunshi kido keisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, Yoshio.; Akutsu, Yoshiaki.; Arai, Mitsuru.; Tamura, Masamitsu. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). School of Engineering; Matsunaga, Takehiro. [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan)

1999-02-28

The X-ray diffraction analysis and the MO calculations of 1H-tetrazole were carried out, in order to explain its high stability. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, five bonds in the ring have intermediate lengths between single and double bond lengths. Therefore, 1H-tetrazole is quite stable because of its aromaticity. The N1-C5 distance of 1.315A is significantly short. The molecular structure which was calculated by the ab initio MO calculation of one 1H-tetrazole molecule at MP2/6-31G* level, showed a good agreement with our experimental one, except for the abnormal short N1-C5 distance. From the calculations of dimers and trimers, 1H-tetrazole is shown to be stabilized by a strong intermolecular electrostatic interaction between the protons and the delocalized electrons over the ring. (author)

Bayesian reliability analysis for non-periodic inspection with estimation of uncertain parameters; Bayesian shinraisei kaiseki wo tekiyoshita hiteiki kozo kensa ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itagaki, H [Yokohama National University, Yokohama (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Asada, H; Ito, S [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan); Shinozuka, M

1997-12-31

Risk assessed structural positions in a pressurized fuselage of a transport-type aircraft applied with damage tolerance design are taken up as the subject of discussion. A small number of data obtained from inspections on the positions was used to discuss the Bayesian reliability analysis that can estimate also a proper non-periodic inspection schedule, while estimating proper values for uncertain factors. As a result, time period of generating fatigue cracks was determined according to procedure of detailed visual inspections. The analysis method was found capable of estimating values that are thought reasonable and the proper inspection schedule using these values, in spite of placing the fatigue crack progress expression in a very simple form and estimating both factors as the uncertain factors. Thus, the present analysis method was verified of its effectiveness. This study has discussed at the same time the structural positions, modeling of fatigue cracks generated and develop in the positions, conditions for destruction, damage factors, and capability of the inspection from different viewpoints. This reliability analysis method is thought effective also on such other structures as offshore structures. 18 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Synthetic focused array of electrical prospecting using pole-pole array potential data; Sanjigen denki tansaho ni okeru nikyokuho den`i data wo mochiita denryu shusoku haichi no goseiho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, K [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Various methods have been put into practice for the conventional two-dimensional pole configuration using a single line in three-dimensional electrical prospecting. Pole configuration effective for the three-dimensional exploration has not been investigated. This paper describes synthetic focused array using four pairs of guarded poles based on pole-pole array potential data in the case of arrangement of measuring points on a grid. Results of the numerical simulation are also described. For the focused array, laterolog of electrical logging is applied to the surface prospecting. Directivity can be given to the current from the main pole by controlling the current from guarded pole. It was found from the simulation that the resistivity anomaly is concentrated directly on the embedded ball for the focused array rather than for the pole-pole array. It was also found that two conductive balls can be clearly separated for the focused array rather than for the dipole-dipole array. Accordingly, it was considered that results approximating the original structures can be obtained by analyzing using the both arrays. 5 refs., 6 figs.

Leading survey and research report for fiscal 1999. Survey and research on 3-dimensional ion beam processing technology; 1999 nendo sanjigen ion kokan gijutsu no chosa kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Application of ion beam processing to 2-dimensional shapes in the past has been limited to flat shapes or small areas. There is a 3-dimensional plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) technology for which high-density plasma is generated using plural metal ion sources and gas ion sources for the application of pulse voltages. Using this technology, ions are implanted into intricate shapes, large areas, and surfaces of 3-dimensional shapes, and surface reforming is accomplished through thin film formation. It is low in cost and high in productivity, and finds a great demand for use in the fabrication of members of large and complicated engines for automobiles, spacecraft, and aircraft, members of precision machines, and members of electric power facilities and chemical plants where high resistance to abrasion, corrosion, and heat are mandatory. Research and development for its practical application, however, has just started and, before its commercialization, technologies have to be completed involving surface treatment using gas plasma for ion implantation, thin film formation using metal ion plasma, and their hybrid. Similarly important is the technology of generating homogenous plasma. This new technology is expected to enhance economic efficiency, provide means to deal with environmental matters, and improve on energy efficiency. An outline of the proposition for the project is compiled in this report. (NEDO)

Indirect boundary element method for three dimensional problems. Analytical solution for contribution to wave field by triangular element; Sanjigen kansetsu kyokai yosoho. Sankakukei yoso no kiyo no kaisekikai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokoi, T [Building Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan); Sanchez-Sesma, F [Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, (Mexico). Institute de Ingenieria

1997-05-27

Formulation is introduced for discretizing a boundary integral equation into an indirect boundary element method for the solution of 3-dimensional topographic problems. Yokoi and Takenaka propose an analytical solution-capable reference solution (solution for the half space elastic body with flat free surface) to problems of topographic response to seismic motion in a 2-dimensional in-plane field. That is to say, they propose a boundary integral equation capable of effectively suppressing the non-physical waves that emerge in the result of computation in the wake of the truncation of the discretized ground surface making use of the wave field in a semi-infinite elastic body with flat free surface. They apply the proposed boundary integral equation discretized into the indirect boundary element method to solve some examples, and succeed in proving its validity. In this report, the equation is expanded to deal with 3-dimensional topographic problems. A problem of a P-wave vertically landing on a flat and free surface is solved by the conventional boundary integral equation and the proposed boundary integral equation, and the solutions are compared with each other. It is found that the new method, different from the conventional one, can delete non-physical waves from the analytical result. 4 figs.

Measurement method of a motion of traveling vehicle via three-dimensional image processing system; Sanjigen gazo kaisekiho ni yoru sharyo undo no keisoku to sono bunseki ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, Y; Matsuura, Y [Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka (Japan)

1997-10-01

Motion of traveling vehicle was taken by VTR-cameras set on the test course, as well as it also was measured by conventional measurement methods using sensors and devices installed in the vehicle. lotion pictures of the VTR were analyzed using three-dimensional image processing system (Peak lotus system). As a result, this system was especially effective for the measurement of traveling traces of the actual vehicle and the results were good agreement with the data obtained by conventional measurement methods. 2 refs., 8 figs.

Geochemical haloes as an indication of over oil and gas fields in the Arctic shelf

Science.gov (United States)

Kholmiansky, Mikhail; Anokhin, Vladimir

2013-04-01

Hydrocarbon deposits at the Arctic shelf of Russia are a source of jet dispersion of heavy metals that forms haloes in sediments and in the bottom layer of sea water. The intensity of the haloes and their spatial position are jointly determined by geological structure of their source and the environment, i.e., hydrocarbon deposits in host rocks, seafloor lithodynamics and oceanographic factors. Based on theoretical works of Kholmyansky and Putikov (2000; 2006; 2008), an application of electrochemical modification of electric prospecting for offshore hydrocarbon exploration and detailed survey of the morphology of deposits was developed. Specialized equipment was developed for studies of electrochemical features of bottom water layer. With this equipment one can detect ion anomalies in water and determine the type of deposit as gas, gas hydrate, gas condensate or oil. At operation, the unit with equipment is towed underwater off the stern of research vessel. Type and configuration of deposits are determined based on occurrence of trace heavy metals detected by ion-selective electrodes. The proposed method was applied to study a few hydrocarbon fields in Barents and Kara seas in 2001 -2012 including Shtokman, Medyn, Polyarnoe, Prirazlomnoye and others. The results allowed us to trace the margins of the deposits in more detail, and geochemical data, in addition, showed the type of deposits. In general, the method has proven efficient and applicable to a wide range of hydrocarbon deposits.

A process for treatment of residues from dry/semidry APC systems at municipal solid waste incinerators. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hjelmar, O. [VKI, Hoersholm (Denmark)] Holland, D. [FLS miljoe a/s, Valby (Denmark)] Poulsen, B. [KARA, Roskilde (Denmark)

1997-08-01

The main objective of the project has been to establish and test a process for treatment of residues from the semidry (and dry) lime injection based APC processes at MSWIs, which will ensure that the residues can be managed in an environmentally safe manner. In pursuit of this goal, the following activities have been carried out: Performance of pilot scale extractions (approximately 50 kg of residue per batch) at the KARA MSWI in Roskilde of semidry APC system residues in order to establish and optimize process conditions. The optimization includes consideration of the possibilities for subsequent treatment/stabilization of the extracted solid phase as well as the possibility of treatment and safe discharge/utilization of the extract; Performance of chemical characterization, hydrogeochemical model calculations and experimental work in order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms and factors which for several contaminants control the equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases, both in the short and the long germ, and to use this information to obtain an environmentally acceptable method for stabilization/treatment of the extracted residues while at the same time minimizing the necessary amount of additives; production of treated residues and performance of leaching tests on these to assess and demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire process (extraction + stabilization/treatment); Evaluation of the technical, economical and environmental consequences of full scale implementation of the process. (EG) EFP-94. 19 refs.

Water Mass Classification on a Highly Variable Arctic Shelf Region: Origin of Laptev Sea Water Masses and Implications for the Nutrient Budget

Science.gov (United States)

Bauch, D.; Cherniavskaia, E.

2018-03-01

Large gradients and inter annual variations on the Laptev Sea shelf prevent the use of uniform property ranges for a classification of major water masses. The central Laptev Sea is dominated by predominantly marine waters, locally formed polynya waters and riverine summer surface waters. Marine waters enter the central Laptev Sea from the northwestern Laptev Sea shelf and originate from the Kara Sea or the Arctic Ocean halocline. Local polynya waters are formed in the Laptev Sea coastal polynyas. Riverine summer surface waters are formed from Lena river discharge and local melt. We use a principal component analysis (PCA) in order to assess the distribution and importance of water masses within the Laptev Sea. This mathematical method is applied to hydro-chemical summer data sets from the Laptev Sea from five years and allows to define water types based on objective and statistically significant criteria. We argue that the PCA-derived water types are consistent with the Laptev Sea hydrography and indeed represent the major water masses on the central Laptev Sea shelf. Budgets estimated for the thus defined major Laptev Sea water masses indicate that freshwater inflow from the western Laptev Sea is about half or in the same order of magnitude as freshwater stored in locally formed polynya waters. Imported water dominates the nutrient budget in the central Laptev Sea; and only in years with enhanced local polynya activity is the nutrient budget of the locally formed water in the same order as imported nutrients.

Northwest Russia and the Dumping of Radioactive Waste: The London Convention Implemented

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stokke, Olav Schram

1997-12-31

The `Polar Oceans and the Law of the Sea Project`, POLOS, is a three-year international research project in international law and international relations. This report is one of the publications under POLOS. The subject is the Soviet dumping of radioactive waste in the Barents and Kara Seas. The most intensely radioactive waste is a number of submarine reactors still containing high-level spent fuel. Some of this dumping violated Soviet commitments to the 1972 London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, and this is the starting point of the report. The discussion focuses on how international regimes may affect the domestic implementation in member states, that is, how international agreements can be converted into behavioural adaptation on the part of target groups. Soviet and later Russian management of nuclear waste in the north has been significantly influenced by regulations and programmes generated under international dumping instruments. These international programmes have been supported by the active participation of the Navy itself in the belief that they would lead to transfer of technology and financial resources to Russia from the West. Inspection of military nuclear waste management is largely left to the Northern Fleet. As for monitoring, measurements were for a long time not taken near the dumping sites. As for regulations, the Northern Fleet continued dumping long into the 1990s without permission. Regarding compliance stimulation, foreign support has helped the Northern Fleet avoid dumping. 113 refs.

mpact of ice conditions to the navigation in the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen region in XVI–XVII centuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. L. Derzhavin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In the 16th–17th centuries, West European navigators made numerous but mostly unsuccessful efforts to open a new way, i.e. the North-East Passage, to China and India. Among three possible routes of that time the basic one ran through straits of the Vaigach Island but it was almost impassable due to heavy ice situation. At the same time Russian merchants regularly went on their ships from Pomorie to Siberian river mouths, and in the opposite direction, though they did also meet complicated ice situations. Russian navigator and geographer F.P. Litke (1797–1882 noticed that the ice situation in one or another region of the Barents Sea seriously changed from year to year. Russian navigation started in the Russian Pomorie (littoral region of the Russian Arctic not earlier than at end of June – beginning of July but Europeans knew nothing about this. Because of this, their ships came to the Vaigach region either earlier or later of the time when it was possible to go through the straits. Most often, they came here in the first half- and mid-August. Thus, western sailors could not get this quite narrow navigation «window» of pomors (Russian navigators. And if sometimes (rather rarely they could catch the right time and go through the strait Yugorski Shar they met extremely heavy ice situation in the Kara Sea. Perhaps for this reason, almost all European expeditions of that time failed.

Migration of global radioactive fallout to the Arctic Ocean (on the example of the Ob's river drainage basin).

Science.gov (United States)

Miroshnikov, A; Semenkov, I

2012-11-01

This article provides an assessment of the impact of global fallout on (137)Cs contamination in the bottom sediments of Kara Sea. The erosiveness of 10th-level river basins was estimated by landscape-geochemical and geomorphological characteristics. All 10th-level basins (n=154) were separated into three groups: mountain, mountain-lowland and plain. Four different types of basins were identified depending on the geochemical conditions of the migration of radiocaesium in the plain and mountain-lowland. Classifications of types were carried out using the geographic information systems-based approach. The Ob River's macroarena covers 3.5 million km(2). Internal drainage basins cover 23 % of the macroarena and accumulate whole radiocaesium from the global fallout. The remaining territory is transitional for the (137)Cs. The field research works performed in the three plain first-level basins allow one to estimate the radiocaesium run-off. The calculations show that 7 % of (137)Cs was removed from the first-level basin in arable land. Accumulation of radiocaesium in the first-level basin under undisturbed forest is 99.8 %. The research shows that (137)Cs transfer from the humid basins is in the range of 6.9-25.5 TBq and for semi-humid basins 5.6-285.5 TBq. The areas of these basins cover 40 and 8 % of the Ob River's macroarena, respectively. Drainage lakes and reservoir drainage basins make up 22 % of the macroarena. Mountainous and semi-arid drainage basins cover 7 % of the macroarena.

The Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Life Satisfaction of University Academic Staff

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gamze ÜLKER TÜMLÜ

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic staff psychological resilience and life satisfaction. The research is a descriptive study in relational survey model. The study group includes 94 faculty members chosen randomly in 2011-2012 academic years in Kastamonu University. As a data collection instruments, life satisfaction scale developed by Diener et al in 1985, adapted to Turkish by Köker in 1991 and Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale/CD-RISC developed by Connor and Davidson in 2003, adapted to Turkish by Karaırmak in 2010, were used. In the study correlation method was used in order to determine the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction, regression analysis was used in order to determine whether the resilience predict life satisfaction. In addition, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used in the analysis of resilience in terms of age, gender, marital status, degree, years of service and years of service at the university in the study. When the outcomes were evaluated, a significant, positive relationship was found between life satisfaction and resilience. The psychological resilience predicts life satisfaction in a meaningful way and resilience explains 7% of the total variance about life satisfaction. In addition, resilience levels of the university academic staff does not differ meaningfully from the gender, age, marital status, degree, years of service and years of service at university.

PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR THE ADDED VALUE OF SULTANA SEEDLESS GRAPE PRODUCTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umut Burak Geyikci

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Turkey after USA is the second important raisin grape producer by cv “Sultana”in the world (Kara,2014. The Manisa district alone accounts for 31% of totalgrape production and 80% of the whole sultana seedless raisin grape production inTurkey. 95% of total grape output generated in Manisa is made up of Sultanaseedless grape(TUIK, 2012. In thisstudy, the added value of grape production inManisa has been calculated and according to the findings, the per capita addedvalue of grape production has been computed. In order to calculate the addedvalue of grape production in Manisa, costs of labor, fuel, fertilizer, disinfection,hormone, repair and maintenance of the businesses around have been investigated.After calculated costs had been deducted from total business income, the totaladded value of grape production in Manisa and the per capita added valueofgrape production in Manisa were attained The efficiency per hectare in the sampleproduction units, which was investigated during the field research, measures up to26.470 kg. The percentile distributions of cost items at this efficiency level are;27,8% fuel costs, 23,2% fertilizing costs, 19,9% irrigation costs, 11,4%disinfection costs, 7,5% hormone usage costs, 4,6% harvesting and transportingcosts and the rest consists of maintenance costs. When the costs are deducted from income per hectare (11.646 USD, the added value per hectare turns out to be8843 USD

Mesoporous activated carbons with metal-oxide particles prepared from Morwell coal; Morwell tan wo genryo to shita kinzoku sankabutsu tanji kasseitan no saiko kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshizawa, N.; Yamada, Y.; Shiraishi, M. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan); Kojima, S.; Tamai, H.; Yasuda, H. [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-28

The metal dependence of mesoporous activated carbons with various metal acetylacetonate (acac) particles prepared from Morwell coal was studied. In experiment, the mixture of Morwell coal and acac metal complexes were dissipated into tetrahydrofuran, and after agitation in Ar atmosphere, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. Coal specimens with Fe(acac)3, Ni(acac)2 and Co(acac)2 as acac complexes were activated by exchanging flow gas with water vapor after heat treatment in N2 gas flow at 900{degree}C. The pore sizes of the specimens were obtained from N2 adsorption isotherms by BET method and BJH method. Conditions of pores and metals in the specimens were examined by XRD measurement and TEM observation. The relation between the above conditions and pore characteristics obtained from adsorption experiment was also examined. As a result, the difference in mesopore ratio between the specimens and blank specimens was larger in the order of Fe, Co and Ni, and the effect of added metal complexes was also larger in this order. 3 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Buckling collapse analysis of framed structures by using adaptively shifted integration technique. Junnogata shifted intergration ho ni yoru honegumi kozo no zakutsu hokai kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toi, Y.; Isobe, D. (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Institute of Industrial Science)

1993-09-01

This paper describes the following matters on application of an adaptively shifted integration technique to a buckling collapse analysis of framed structures: This method is a method in a finite element analysis using three-dimensional girder elements to arrange value integration points at optimal locations in a linear analysis if the elements are in an elastic transform condition on the whole. The method then moves the value integration points so that plastic hinge will occur in these locations immediately after part of the elements has yielded. The method was applied to analyzing an elastic buckling problem in several loading patterns for either a both-end supported or a one-end fixed beam member. A result was obtained that a number of elements required for one member is four at minimum. In a buckling analysis of framed structures, a satisfactory result was obtained by using an automatic element segmenting algorithm, which begins the analysis with one element one member, and immediately after a member is determined with a possibility of generation of buckling, splits that member only into four elements. 6 refs., 5 figs.

Efficient calculation of potential distribution in two-layer earth; Niso kozo daichikei ni okeru denki tansa no tame no koritsuteki den`i keisan shuho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kataoka, M; Okamoto, Y [Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba (Japan); Endo, M; Noguchi, K [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan); Teramachi, Y; Akabane, H [University of Industrial Technology, Kanagawa (Japan); Agu, M [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan)

1997-05-27

An efficient calculation method of potential distribution in the presence of an embedded body in multi-layer earth has been proposed by expanding the method of image with a consideration of multiple reflection between the ground surface and each underground boundary. For this method, when solving boundary integral equation with the potential of embedded body surface as only one unknown, i.e., when obtaining discretization equation, ordinary boundary element program developed for analyzing the finite closed region can be used. As an example, numerical calculation was conducted for the two-layer earth. The analysis expression of potential distribution in the case of the certain embedded body in two-layer earth has never published. Accordingly, the calculated results were compared with those by the integral equation method. As a result, it was concluded that the primary potential obtained from the present method agreed well with that obtained from the integral equation method. However, there was a disregarded difference in the secondary potential. For confirming the effectiveness, it was necessary to compare with another numerical calculation method, such as finite element method. 5 refs., 5 figs.

Coal structure construction system with construction knowledge and partial energy evaluation; Kochiku chishiki to bubunteki energy hyoka ni yoru sekitan bunshi kozo kochiku system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okawa, T.; Sasai, T.; Komoda, N. [Osaka University, Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-28

The computer aided coal structure construction system is proposed, and a computational construction example is presented. The coal structure construction engine of this system fabricates molecular structure by connecting fragments sequentially inputted through a user interface. The best structure candidate is determined using construction knowledge and partial energy evaluation every addition of one fragment, and this process is subsequently repeated. The structure evaluation engine analyzes the 3-D conformation candidate by molecular dynamics, and evaluates the conformation by determining the energy value of an optimum structure. As an example, this system was applied to construction of coal molecular structure based on the actual data of partial structure composed of 26 structures from 2l kinds of aromatic cluster structures, 27 bonds from 2 kinds of bridged bonds, and 16 groups from 2 kinds of terminal substitutional groups. As a result, this system could construct a superior structure according to expert knowledge from the viewpoint of energy. 6 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Report on fiscal 1998 investigation of Jozankei hot spring conservation and hot spring structure; 1998 nendo Jozankei onsen hozen chosa. Onsen kozo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-10-01

With the purpose of evaluating recoverable hot water quantity and elucidating the change over a long term, investigations were carried out, with the results summarized, on the geology, alteration zone, gravitational analysis, fluid geochemistry and hydraulics in the area. The investigations covered the area of 7 km x 6 km in about 30 km southwest of Sapporo City and were performed for the period from September 10, 1998 to October 31, 1999. The results were as follows. In the Jozankei area, with the Usubetu layer in the Old Tertiary system as the basement, layers are superposed from the Palaeogene Oligocene to the Quaternary Pleistocene. Distributing in various places between Yunosawa vicinity and Jozankei Hot Spring area are acid to neutral geothermal alteration zones. The hot spring gushing-out zone in the Jozankei hot spring area is supposed to be regulated by side-by-side cracks in the NE-SW direction. It was inferred from tritium concentration and a minor component ratio that, as the mechanism of forming a hot spring, water of precipitation origin circulating and residing for a long time on the Usubetsu layer which is marine sediment is heated by a volcanic heat source latent in the depth. (NEDO)

Learning model of eye movement system based on anatomical structure; Kaibogakuteki kozo ni motozuita gakushu kino wo motsu gankyu undo system to sono tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, X.; Wakamatsu, H. [Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-07-01

A learning system is proposed to explain the adaptive function of an eye movement consisting of compensatory and optokinetic reflex, and pursuit movements based on the brain anatomy and physiology. Thereby, the learning system is synthesized as an artificial neural network based on the structure and function of the biological neural network of flocculus. The role of neural paths into flocculus from stretch receptors of ocular muscles are discussed in detail from the viewpoint of system control engineering. The mathematical learning process is also shown taking into account the adaptive mechanism and the anatomical structure of vestibular nuclei. The experimental results through simulation confirm the validity of the hypothesis and the appropriateness of the inference process in connection with the proposed mathematical model. 18 refs., 11 figs.

Survey on the reduction technology of greenhouse effect gas emission from automobiles; Jidosha kara no onshitsu koka gas haishutsuryo teigen gijutsu no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The developmental trend of the reduction technology of greenhouse effect gas emission from automobiles was surveyed. Development of low pollution, energy saving and substituting energy vehicles such as electric, methanol and natural gas vehicles is in rapid progress together with performance improvement of conventional gasoline vehicles. For example, since GDI engine directly injects fuel into cylinders, it can control an air/fuel ratio at will, and reduce CO2 emission. Lean burn engine vehicle and hybrid vehicle are also under development. Performance improvement of storage batteries for electric vehicles, in particular, that combined with solar cells, and the practicability of hybrid vehicles are being clarified. Among them, the superiority of fuel cell technology in the future is becoming clear from a general viewpoint, because of its high efficiency and no CO2 emission. As methanol is produced from plants, construction of cyclic energy systems is promising. However, since low emission vehicles are expensive, some policies such as legal obligation and subsidy system are important. 30 refs., 95 figs., 26 tabs.

Kara taşımalarında taşıyıcının yüke özen borcu

OpenAIRE

Hamaz, İsmet Betül

2015-01-01

The act of transportation which constitutes an inevitable part of the social and economic part of life has constantly stayed on the mankind's agenda. Particularly with the technological and industrial developments, the transportation conducted with primitive means at short distances has been replaced by air, land and sea transportation activites at long distances. In this context, among the types of transportations, the land transportation which plays an important role in the commercial life,...

Electrostatic settling of catalyst particles in hydrogenation of methyl benzoate. Denkai chinkoho ni yoru ansokukosan mechiru suisoka hannoeki kara no shokubai ryushi bunri

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, K. (Japan Energy Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Central Research Lab.)

1994-03-01

As benzyl alcohol (BA), which is one of the simplest alcohol having aromatic ring, has been used widely for the fields related to soap, perfume and chemicals industry, its usage has not always been so much because of its expensiveness. Authors developed previously a new process technique to produce cheaper and higher purity BA not through chlorination process using toluene as its raw materials. The BA can be obtained by hydrogenating methyl benzoate (MB) at a dispersion babble tower using cupper-chromium type powder catalyst in mixed solvent of methanol and toluene. The catalyst becomes much fine particles after the reaction. In this study, it is examined to separate MB hydrogenation reaction solution obtained by electrostatic settling into solid and liquid phases as an aim to improve the BA production process. Rate of electrostatic settling does not depend upon solid concentration, slurry forming conditions, electrode materials, specific resistance of slurry layer and others, but is in proportion to electric field intensity. Furthermore, process of the electrostatic settling is expressed by an equation. 9 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Leading research report for fiscal 1998. Research and study of 3-dimensional cell structure module engineering; 1998 nendo sendo chosa kenkyu hokokusho. Sanjigen saibo soshiki module kogaku chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the formation of cellular tissues to replace bionic tissues, researches were conducted about technologies of forming bionic tissue modules by culturing various kinds of cells. As for the materials and methods for constructing cellular tissues, researches were conducted about the trends of research and development of 3-dimensional tissue culturing matrices and materials for micromanipulation. As for the development of technologies for the functionalization of 3-dimensionally structured cells, research and study were conducted about the technology of 3-dimensional cell structure organization through application of physical stimulation, the biochemical technology of differentiation inducing, and the differentiation inducing technology for hetero tissue culturing. As for the development of technologies for evaluation using 3-dimensionally structured cells, light CT (computer tomography), analysis and evaluation using spectroscopy and the like, feasibility of the biochemical analysis of the cell state using biosensors, technologies for measuring the secretion of carcinogenic and toxic substances, etc., were studied. In addition, the development of organic models to replace test animals, industrial evolution of 3-dimensional tissue module engineering, etc., were investigated. (NEDO)

Estimation of underground structures in Kyoto city by seismic-array observations of microtremors; Bido no array kansoku ni yoru Kyoto shinai no chika kozo tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyakoshi, K; Kagawa, T; Akazawa, T [Osaka Soil Test, Osaka (Japan); Ogawa, Y; Shimizu, K [Osaka Gas Corp., Osaka (Japan); Ejiri, J [Obayashi Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Observations of microtremors were carried out to estimate the S-wave velocity structure by using arrays of seismographs around the Kyoto Research Park. The observation points were so arranged that equilateral triangle arrays may be formed with maximum radii at 0.2 km, 0.4 km and 0.8 km respectively with the premises of the Kyoto Research Park as the center. The seismographs have used seven vertical movement components (PELS), and were adjusted to a period of eight seconds. In addition, high-cut filters of 4 Hz were used because the observation areas are located in urban areas with heavy traffic. The analysis has used the spatial self-correlation method as a means to estimate phase velocity of surface waves contained in microtremors. As a result, phase velocity estimation has become possible for frequencies from about 0.4 Hz to 2 Hz, whereas the S-wave velocity structure was estimated to a depth of down to about 900 m by using as reference the result of the reflection method exploration having been carried out in the present areas. In addition, it was suggested that microtremors with frequencies higher than 1 Hz are in unsteady state in terms of time or space. 4 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Subsurface interpretation based on geophysical data set using geothermal database system `GEOBASE`; Chinetsu database system `GEOBASE` wo riyoshita Kakkonda chinetsu chiiki no chika kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osato, K; Sato, T; Miura, Y; Yamane, K [Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Doi, N [Japan Metals and Chemicals Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Uchida, T [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1996-05-01

This paper reports application of a geothermal database system (GEOBASE) to analyzing subsurface structure in the Kakkonda geothermal area. Registered into the GEOBASE to analyze specific resistance structure in this area were depth information (well track and electric logging of existing wells), three-dimensional discretization data (two-dimensional analysis cross section using the MT method and distribution of micro-earthquake epicenters), and two-dimensional discretization data (altitude, and depth to top of the Kakkonda granite). The GEOBASE is capable of three-dimensional interpolation and three-dimensional indication respectively on the three-dimensional discretization data and the depth information table. The paper presents a depth compiling plan drawing for 2000 m below sea level and an SE-NE cross section compiling cross sectional drawing. The paper also indicates that the three-dimensional interpolation function of the GEOBASE renders comparison of spatial data capable of being done freely and quickly, thereby exhibiting power in the comprehensive analysis of this kind. 3 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

FY 1998 report on the results of the project on the next generation structure housing development; 1998 nendo jisedai kozo jutaku kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The purpose of this project is to develop/verify technology to design/construct a structural body of multiple dwelling house which is highly durable and usable at maximum of the limited space with no projections of poles/beams, and is also to develop/verify a composite system of a structure and each house in which residential space can freely be changed horizontally/vertically in response to the leveling-up of living and changes in life style. The following were conducted: construction of an experimental house group with next generation structure; development of technology of effective space utilization/high durability body construction; development of technology of structural analysis/design systematization of antiseismic/damping system; development of commercialization of technology to heighten frame durability, development of technology to heighten durability of finishing materials of a body; development of low cost construction technology; development of technology of interface between a body and each house; verification of housing performance using a next generation body system; generalization of next generation frame system/house system. To reflect the results of the research quickly, the details of the research are systematized, and a draft is worked out of a guide for constructing the next generation frame system/house system which were arranged between the current architecture related laws and business as a general multiple dwelling house. (NEDO)

Survey of effects of enhancement of the energy supply/demand structure on the global environment. 3; Energy jukyu kozo kodoka chikyu kankyo eikyo chosa. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

For the purpose of studying how the energy supply/demand structure in Japan should be, a report on the secondary IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) evaluation was analyzed. Possibilities of reducing the world CO2 emissions in association with the energy consumption were studied in the five assumed cases. Every case says that CO2 can be reduced to 1/3 of the 1990 level by 2100. In a case of the use of biomass as main fuel (1), the use of primary energy is suppressed to two times the 1990 level, and photovoltaic/wind/biomass power generation is introduced in a large quantity. Synthetic methanol and hydrogen are used for transportation and commercial/residential use fuels. There are four more assumed cases: the use of nuclear power as a substitute for renewable energy in the power generation in (1), the use of natural gas of 1.5 times that used in (1), the substitution of coal for biomass used in (1), and the assumption that the demand for primary energy in 2100 will be twice that used in (1). In Japan it is assumed that basically the nuclear power generation will be expanded, that the photovoltaic and waste power generation will be introduced in a large quantity, and that synthetic methanol and hydrogen are mainly used as transportation and commercial/residential use fuels. It is necessary, therefore, to analyze conditions under which the quantity introduction of such non-fossil energy is made possible. 11 figs., 31 tabs.

Hybrid structure in civil engineering construction. Composite types of steel and concrete; Doboku bun`ya ni okeru fukugo kozo. Kozai to concrete no ittai keishiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, T. [JR Railway Technical Research Inst. Tokyo (Japan)

1995-03-30

In connection with hybrid structures in civil engineering construction, classification and application of composite types of steel and concrete are discussed. H steel embedded beam is a composite beam in which the H shape steel of the main beam is connected to rolled or welded H shape steel using cross beams. Composite structure columns are grouped into the composite column and the steel pipe concrete column. SRC piers are often adopted from the viewpoints of constraints for execution of works and vibration proof. Steel and concrete hybrid structure is a kind of structural system in which various kinds of materials such as steel, RC, or PC members are connected. The cable stayed bridge utilizes characteristics of steel and concrete effectively. For the piers of municipal expressway viaducts, there are executed cases of mixed structures which have RC, SRC columns for T shape piers and S structure for the bridges. SRC structure and composite columns are adopted often for structures of subway stations. 7 refs., 7 figs.

Wind energy technology : from the past to the future; 20 seiki ni okeru furyoku riyo gijutsu no henkan. Furyoku hatsuden : kako kara mirai e

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ushiyama, I. [Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Tochigi (Japan)

2000-01-20

Windmills are one of the oldest prime movers and have been used for more than 700 years in Europe. The transition from low speed windmills for grain grinding and water pumping to high speed wind turbines for electric power generation had occurred at first, reviews the windmill technologies and the researchers before 20{sup th} century. Then describes the back ground of how the wind power generator has existed and how the four pioneers developed their wind power generator. The historical developments of windmills to wind turbines in this century are studied focusing mainly on Danish activities. Then, the effort of the development of large wind turbine such as Smith-Putnum's first MW machine in U.S.A. and other mammoth machine concept are introduced. The new concept machines such as Savonius and Darrieus wind turbines in 1920s to 1930s are also explained. Finally, the novel technologies of wind turbine covering larger machines, variable speed generators, special wing sections for wind turbines, theoretical analysis method of wind turbine performance, offshore wind turbines, and wind turbine control technologies are stated. (author)

Viscoelasticity of various gel films prepared from solvent-soluble constituents in coal; Sekitanchu no yobai kayoseibun kara sakuseishita shushu no gel maku no nendansei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takanohashi, T.; Isoda, S.; Doi, S.; Iino, M. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Institute for Chemical Reaction Science

1996-10-28

Viscoelasticity of gel films prepared from solvent-soluble constituents without ash of coal using the mixed solvent of carbon disulfide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (CS2-NMP) was measured to study the network structure of the constituents. In experiment, Upper Freeport coal and Zao Zhuang coal were used as specimens. Viscoelasticity of various gels with different weight fractions of solvent was measured by creep measurement under a fixed load and stress-strain analysis under variable loads. In the 2nd and 3rd creep measurements, although no large changes in elastic strain and viscoelastic strain were found, viscous strain gradually decreased with an increase in viscosity. In the case of small weight fraction of solvent, small viscous strain and viscoelastic strain were found, while slightly large elastic strain was found. It was thus suggested that this elastic strain is derived from not only physical cross-linked networks by coal-solvent interaction but also those by coal-coal interaction in polymer chains of coal itself. 9 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Technology transfer, education, localization and R and D in factory operation of Indonesia; Kaigai seisankyoten (indoneshia) kara mita gijutsuteni, jinzaiikusei, genchijinka, soshite kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masao, Ikeda

1999-01-05

The author was on loan to a factory producing sodium glutamate, the Indonesia Ajinomoto located at Jawa province, east Indonesia, during 5 years from 1992, and had a chance to operate the factory. In this paper, an experience of the author, details of the Indonesia Ajinomoto from the operation beginning and comments of the author are described. As localization of department directors, factory directors, and workers of production sites are improving, a Japanese to be sent there plays two roles of as a top manager connecting with the parent company, and as a researcher fellow connecting with a Japan research institute. As the Indonesia Ajinomoto locates at a small local city, it is operated towards the Indonesia society including local administration. It is very important for progressing as a foreign enterprise in the Indonesia that faces the political confusion and national opposition of the Indonesian and the overseas Chinese. (NEDO)

Characteristics of the fluorescent substances in the Yodo River system by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix spectroscopy; Sanjigen reiki/keiko kodoho ni yoru yodogawa suikeichu no keiko busshitsu no tokucho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, Y.; Nakaguchi, Y.; Hiraki, K.; Kudo, M.; Kimura, M.; Nagao, S. [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-08-01

Organic substances in the river water in Yodo River system were analyzed by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix spectroscopy. Fluorescent substances were taken as an index of organic substances. The amount of fluorescent substances varied widely depending on the environment of river basin. It is suggested that the fluorescent substances are composed of organic substances which is not directly originated from biological activity. It is suggested that the fluorescent substances were produced by leaching of river bottom sediment. The fluorescent substances in Yodo River system consists of fulvic acid-like substances and protein. The analysis of fluorescent substances in river water by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix spectroscopy can be useful means for estimation of variation and origin of fluorescent substances. For better understanding of features of fluorescent substances in the surface water into which various kinds of substances enter, it is necessary to determine the exact sampling points based on the consideration of different sources and to make a database of peak positions for identification of fluorescent substances from fluorescence intensity peak. 29 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Fundamental study on the interpretation technique for 3-D MT data using neural networks. 2; Neural network wo mochiita sanjigen MT ho data kaishaku gijutsu ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyu. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukuoka, K; Kobayashi, T [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Mogi, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Spichak, V

1997-10-22

Behavior of neural networks relative to noise and the constitution of an optimum network are studied for the construction of a 3-D MT data interpretation system using neural networks. In the study, the relationship is examined between the noise level of educational data and the noise level of the neural network to be constructed. After examination it is found that the neural network is effective in interpreting data whose noise level is the same as that of educational data; it cannot correctly interpret data that it has not met in the educational stage even if such data is free of noise; that the optimum number of neurons in a hidden layer is approximately 40 in a network architecture using the current system; and that the neuron gain function enhances recognition capability when a logistic function is used in the hidden layer and a linear function is used in the output layer. 2 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Leading research and study report for fiscal 1998. Research and study of 3-dimensional ion processing technologies; 1998 nendo sendo chosa kenkyu hokokusho. Sanjigen ion kako gijutsu no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Reported are the results of 'Research of 3-Dimensional Ion Processing Technologies.' Tasks to solve before the practical application of 3-dimensional technologies are extracted, and the possible effects of the new technologies on the creation of novel industries are investigated. In the field of new processing technologies, the special characteristics, current state, and tasks to solve are reported concerning the implantation technology, film formation technology, and hybridization which utilize plasma ion implantation. In the field of element technologies for device development, the current state and tasks of high-density plasma generation, homogeneous implantation, etc., are taken up, and the need is mentioned of inductively coupled plasma and surface wave excited plasma. As regards homogeneous implantation, the need is mentioned of technologies for forming matrix sheaths and pulsed plasma. In the field of 3-dimensional ion processing technologies application to the production of commercial goods, large items and their components such as automobiles, rollers, turbines, etc., are taken up, and the surface reforming technologies are reported, with reference made to their current state, tasks, predicted future market, concurrent technologies, feasibility of their application, the hopes and expectations they have aroused, etc. (NEDO)

Leading research and study report for fiscal 1998. Research and study of 3-dimensional ion processing technologies; 1998 nendo sendo chosa kenkyu hokokusho. Sanjigen ion kako gijutsu no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Reported are the results of 'Research of 3-Dimensional Ion Processing Technologies.' Tasks to solve before the practical application of 3-dimensional technologies are extracted, and the possible effects of the new technologies on the creation of novel industries are investigated. In the field of new processing technologies, the special characteristics, current state, and tasks to solve are reported concerning the implantation technology, film formation technology, and hybridization which utilize plasma ion implantation. In the field of element technologies for device development, the current state and tasks of high-density plasma generation, homogeneous implantation, etc., are taken up, and the need is mentioned of inductively coupled plasma and surface wave excited plasma. As regards homogeneous implantation, the need is mentioned of technologies for forming matrix sheaths and pulsed plasma. In the field of 3-dimensional ion processing technologies application to the production of commercial goods, large items and their components such as automobiles, rollers, turbines, etc., are taken up, and the surface reforming technologies are reported, with reference made to their current state, tasks, predicted future market, concurrent technologies, feasibility of their application, the hopes and expectations they have aroused, etc. (NEDO)

3D seismic survey in Honjo, Akita. Problems and struggles in acquisition and processing; Akitaken Honjo koku ni okeru sanjigen jishin tansa. Genba sagyo to data shori ni okeru mondaiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imahori, S; Kotera, Y; Nakanishi, T [Japan Energy Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Honjo mining area where investigations are conducted is hilly and has a complicated terrain with gas pipes buried in the ground just under the access road disabling the proper positioning of shock-generating large excavators or vibrators. Auger`s shallow hole shooting method is used in this survey to execute blastings at 639 points. In this method using charge depths of 4m, different from the conventional method using deeper charge depths (20-25m), surface waves prevail in the shot records giving rise to a new problem of removing them in the stage of data processing. The 2D filter that is a powerful tool in 2D data processing is not available in a 3D-survey where the tracing intervals are irregular in the shot records. In the effort of this time, a window length as a parameter in the direction of time is specified, and the F-X dip filtering method is employed in which any event that linearly continues beyond a certain number of traces in the said window is eliminated as a linear noise. It is recommended that the weighting function be changed in the direction of space since surface wave velocities are different at different locations. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Marine radioecology. Annual report 1996. Project plan 1997

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-06-01

The project plan for the EKO-1 project states that 'the main aim of the EKO-1 project is to enable faster and better assessments to be made of the effects of releases of radionuclides into the marine environment'. To meet this goal the main parts of the project were defined as follows: Model work - Identifying parameters of main interest including estimating and validating the values of these parameters; Research - Field studies, environments typical for various Nordic regions, environments with special physical or chemical characteristics. Laboratory studies; Dissemination of information - Seminars, reports, articles. During the project period emphasis has also been put on quality issues concerning sampling and analysis. The project work has progressed in accordance with project plans in 1996 and within the set budget. In modelling a parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out for a radiological assessment model used for the prediction of doses to man from dumping of radioactive waste in the Kara Sea. Doses to man were found to be generally dominated by contributions from long-lived transuranic radionuclides (plutonium and americium) which associate readily with sediments. Sediment related processes and parameters show therefore high sensitivities, especially at long distances (e.g. Barents Sea). Within the EKO-1 project there has been emphasis on encouraging the Nordic aspect of sediment research in spite of the limitations set by nationally run sampling projects. The EKO-1 project has managed this by e.g.: Organizing exchange of samples for analysis links with the EKO-2.3 project ('Limnic systems'). (EG) 52 refs

With thanks to our 2016 peer reviewers

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

2016 peer reviewers We are grateful to the following people for their significant contribution to Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada as peer reviewers in 2016. Their expertise ensures the quality of our journal and promotes the sharing of new knowledge among peers in Canada and internationally. Jillian Avis Sunday Azagba Sharon Bartholomew Michèle Boileau-Falardeau Jimmy Bourque Darren Brenner Robert Brison Yves Carrière Neena Chappell Guanmin Chen Yue Chen Edward Chesney Anna Chudyk Martin Cooke Erica Di Ruggiero Janet Durbin Charlene Elliott Peter Ellis Alexa Ferdinands Bradley Ferguson Lauren Fiechtner Maylene Fong Marilyn Fortin Nancy Gell Margo Greenwood Rita Henderson Erin Hobin Andrew Howell Natalie Iciaszczyk Jeff Johnson Janet Elizabeth Jull Tetyana Kendzerska Nicholas King Elaine Kingwell Victoria Kirsh Erin Kropac Liana Leach Claire Leblanc Yann Le Bodo Daniel Lebouthillier Isra Levy Elizabeth Lin Catherine Mah Loraine Marrett Caitlin McArthur Teri McComber Amy McPherson Verena Menec Leia Minaker Howard Morrison Yeeli Mui Kiyuri Naicker Tor Oiamo Scott Patten Marie-Claude Paquette Cheryl Peters Jennifer Petkovic William Pickett Michelle Ploughman Daniel Poremski Harry Prapavessis Steven Prus Jürgen Rehm Laurene Rehman Sandra Reynolds Annie Rhodes Celia Rodd Kaley Roosen Ellen Rosenberg Linda Rothman Jerry Schultz Kelly Skinner Robin Skinner Robin Somerville Becky Spencer Richard Stanwick Michael Stevenson David Streiner Laura Struik Anna Syrowatka Christopher Tait Chen Tang Kara Thompson Michelle Vine Claudio Violato JianLi Wang Stéphanie Ward Cynthia Weijs Russell Wilkins Keri Lynn Williams Renate Ysseldyk Tingting Zhang Christopher Zou

Environmental security benefits arising from Russian/Norwegian/US cooperation in the high Arctic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dyer, R.S.

1997-01-01

Past practices associated with the civilian and military use of nuclear power in NW Russia present large environmental security risks of international concern. These risks arise from a variety of practices associated with weapons production, testing, power production and waste management. The threats presented by these activities are multimedia in nature, span political boundaries and cannot be simply or inexpensively remediated. Today, cooperative efforts are being undertaken to improve environmental security by remediating existing and potential emission sources. Initial efforts focused on the upgrade and expansion of the Murmansk Low-level Liquid Waste Treatment Facility, Murmansk, Russia. This facility handles wastes generated during the decommissioning of Russian Nuclear Navy submarines and from the operation of the Russian commercial nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet. This upgraded facility is now being constructed and is expected to be completed by March 1998. Completion of this facility will result in the cessation of any future dumping of liquid radioactive wastes into the Barents and Kara Seas. Another large environmental security risk is the LEPSE. The LEPSE is a ship docked in Murmansk, Russia, that contains ∼650 spent fuel elements as well as other solid and liquid wastes from Russian nuclear vessels. International efforts are now being mounted to remove the spent and damaged fuel from this ship, including the safe removal and storage/disposal of the fuel elements. This paper will summarize the environmental security problems presented by these different sources and the likely environmental security benefits associated with their remediation. 5 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab

Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Kleman

2013-10-01

Full Text Available We here reconstruct the paleotopography of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the glacial maxima of marine isotope stages (MIS 5b and 4.We employ a combined approach, blending geologically based reconstruction and numerical modeling, to arrive at probable ice sheet extents and topographies for each of these two time slices. For a physically based 3-D calculation based on geologically derived 2-D constraints, we use the University of Maine Ice Sheet Model (UMISM to calculate ice sheet thickness and topography. The approach and ice sheet modeling strategy is designed to provide robust data sets of sufficient resolution for atmospheric circulation experiments for these previously elusive time periods. Two tunable parameters, a temperature scaling function applied to a spliced Vostok–GRIP record, and spatial adjustment of the climatic pole position, were employed iteratively to achieve a good fit to geological constraints where such were available. The model credibly reproduces the first-order pattern of size and location of geologically indicated ice sheets during marine isotope stages (MIS 5b (86.2 kyr model age and 4 (64 kyr model age. From the interglacial state of two north–south obstacles to atmospheric circulation (Rocky Mountains and Greenland, by MIS 5b the emergence of combined Quebec–central Arctic and Scandinavian–Barents-Kara ice sheets had increased the number of such highland obstacles to four. The number of major ice sheets remained constant through MIS 4, but the merging of the Cordilleran and the proto-Laurentide Ice Sheet produced a single continent-wide North American ice sheet at the LGM.

Enhanced MODIS Atmospheric Total Water Vapour Content Trends in Response to Arctic Amplification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dunya Alraddawi

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In order to assess the strength of the water vapour feedback within Arctic climate change, 15 years of the total column-integrated density of water vapour (TCWV from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS are analysed. Arctic TCWV distribution, trends, and anomalies for the 2001–2015 period, broken down into seasons and months, are analysed. Enhanced local spring TCWV trends above the terrestrial Arctic regions are discussed in relation to land snow cover and vegetation changes. Upward TCWV trends above the oceanic areas are discussed in lien with sea ice extent and sea surface temperature changes. Increased winter TCWV (up to 40% south of the Svalbard archipelago are observed; these trends are probably driven by a local warming and sea ice extent decline. Similarly, the Barents/Kara regions underwent wet trends (up to 40%, also associated with winter/fall local sea ice loss. Positive late summer TCWV trends above the western Greenland and Beaufort seas (about 20% result from enhanced upper ocean warming and thereby a local coastal decline in ice extent. The Mackenzie and Siberia enhanced TCWV trends (about 25% during spring are found to be associated with coincident decreased snow cover and increased vegetation, as a result of the earlier melt onset. Results show drier summers in the Eurasia and western Alaska regions, thought to be affected by changes in albedo from changing vegetation. Other TCWV anomalies are also presented and discussed in relation to the dramatic decline in sea ice extent and the exceptional rise in sea surface temperature.

The effect of Arctic sea-ice extent on the absorbed (net solar flux at the surface, based on ISCCP-D2 cloud data for 1983–2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Matsoukas

2010-01-01

Full Text Available We estimate the effect of the Arctic sea ice on the absorbed (net solar flux using a radiative transfer model. Ice and cloud input data to the model come from satellite observations, processed by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP and span the period July 1983–June 2007. The sea-ice effect on the solar radiation fluctuates seasonally with the solar flux and decreases interannually in synchronisation with the decreasing sea-ice extent. A disappearance of the Arctic ice cap during the sunlit period of the year would radically reduce the local albedo and cause an annually averaged 19.7 W m⁻² increase in absorbed solar flux at the Arctic Ocean surface, or equivalently an annually averaged 0.55 W m⁻² increase on the planetary scale. In the clear-sky scenario these numbers increase to 34.9 and 0.97 W m⁻², respectively. A meltdown only in September, with all other months unaffected, increases the Arctic annually averaged solar absorption by 0.32 W m⁻². We examined the net solar flux trends for the Arctic Ocean and found that the areas absorbing the solar flux more rapidly are the North Chukchi and Kara Seas, Baffin and Hudson Bays, and Davis Strait. The sensitivity of the Arctic absorbed solar flux on sea-ice extent and cloud amount was assessed. Although sea ice and cloud affect jointly the solar flux, we found little evidence of strong non-linearities.

Impacts on the marine environment in the case of a hypothetical accident involving the recovery of the dumped Russian submarine K-27, based on dispersion of 137Cs.

Science.gov (United States)

Hosseini, A; Amundsen, I; Brown, J; Dowdall, M; Karcher, M; Kauker, F; Schnur, R

2017-02-01

There is increasing concern regarding the issue of dumped nuclear waste in the Arctic Seas and in particular dumped objects with Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF). Amongst dumped objects in the Arctic, the dumped Russian submarine K-27 has received great attention as it contains two reactors with highly enriched fuel and lies at a depth of about 30 m under water. To address these concerns a health and environmental impact assessment has been undertaken. Marine dispersion of potentially released radionuclides as a consequence of different hypothetical accident scenarios was modelled using the model NAOSIM. The outputs from the dispersion modelling have been used as inputs to food-chain transfer and environmental dosimetry models. The annual effective doses for subsistence fishing communities of the Barents-Kara seas region do not exceed 0.6 mSv for hypothetical accidents located at Stepovogo fjord or the Barents Sea. For high rate consumers of fish in Norway, following a potential accident at the Gremikha Bay, annual effects doses would be at around 0.15 mSv. Accumulated doses (over 90 days) for various organisms and for all release scenarios considered were never in excess of 150 μGy. The levels of 137 Cs derived for marine organism in areas close to Norway were not values that would likely cause concern from a regulatory perspective although for subsistence fishing communities close to the considered accident locations, it is not inconceivable that some restrictions on fishing etc. would need to be introduced. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sources and pathways of 90Sr in the North Atlantic-Arctic region: present day and global warming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Yongqi; Drange, Helge; Johannessen, Ola M.; Pettersson, Lasse H.

2009-01-01

The spatial and temporal distributions of the anthropogenic radionuclides 137 Cs and 90 Sr, originating from nuclear bomb testing, the Sellafield reprocessing plant in the Irish Sea (UK), and from the Ob and Yenisey river discharges to the Arctic Ocean, have been simulated using the global version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The physical model is forced with daily atmospheric re-analysis fields for the period of 1948-1999. Comparison of the temporal evolution of the observed and the simulated concentrations of 90 Sr has been performed in the Kara Sea. The relative contributions of the different sources on the temporal and spatial distributions of the surface 90 Sr are quantified over the simulated period. It follows that the Ob river discharge dominated the surface 90 Sr over most of the Arctic Ocean and along the eastern and western coasts of Greenland before 1960. During the period of 1980-1990, the atmospheric fallout and the Ob river discharge were equally important for the 90 Sr distribution in the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to explore the possible dispersion of accidental released 90 Sr from the Ob and Yenisey rivers under a global warming scenario (2 x CO 2 ). The difference between the present-day and the global warming scenario runs indicates that more of the released 90 Sr from the Ob and Yenisey rivers is confined to the Arctic Ocean in the global warming run, particularly in the near coastal, non-European part of the Arctic Ocean.

The missing lynx of Eurasia at its Southern edge: a connection to the critically endangered Balkan lynx.

Science.gov (United States)

Cömert, Numan; Carlı, Oya; Dinçtürk, H Benan

2018-03-08

The populations of Eurasian lynx in Anatolia are as fragmented as the European populations. Although the origins of and the connections between the European lynx populations have been elucidated, there have been no genetic studies on the lynx populations in Turkey. The lack of genetic and evolutionary information about lynx in Anatolia, which is considered to be a biodiversity hotspot, makes it difficult to track the migration routes during the Quaternary. In this study, we present the genetic characteristics of two isolated lynx populations in Southwest Taurus Mountains and the Turkish Caucasus as well as two individuals from Erzincan area. DNA purified from the ecological scat samples collected from Çığlıkara Nature Reserve in Elmalı-Antalya and Allahuekber Mountains in Sarıkamış-Kars, as well as two roadkill samples from Erzincan, has been analysed for phylogenetic markers such as the mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b. The DNA sequences were compared with haplotypes previously detected in populations from Europe and the Caucasus in order to determine the evolutionary relationships of the populations. This study compares the current genetic structure of some of the Turkish lynx populations to the other lynx genetic data, mostly carried out with museum samples around the world. Three haplotypes were found in three different regions of Anatolia. The Northeast and Southwest populations harbour genetically distinct haplotypes, the latter one, a new haplotype: H13-TR is the only phylogenetic connection to the critically endangered Balkan lynx yet to be described.

Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment detailed geochemical survey for Edgemont, South Dakota; Wyoming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

An area on the Long Mountain Structure Zone was chosen for examination of hydrogeochemical data. The data suggest the presence of a hydrogeochemical boundary approximately 5 to 7 km (3-1/2 to 4-1/2 mi) downdip of exposed mines and prospects in the Inyan Kara Group. Based on studies by Gatt, et al (1974) the hydrogeochemical boundary is interpreted to represent a zone of ion exchange favorable for precipitation of uranium. Updip of the boundary, the groundwater is of a calcium sulfate type. Uranium concentrations range from <0.2 to 32 ppB (mean = 13 ppB), calcium concentrations range from 85 to 320 ppB (mean = 158 ppB), and sulfate concentrations range from 600 to 1800 ppM (mean = 708 ppM). Sodium concentrations range from 43 to 363 ppM (mean = 168 ppM) and total alkalinity values range from 130 to 330 ppM (mean = 244 ppM). Downdip of the boundary, the groundwater is of a sodium bicarbonate type. Uranium concentrations range from < 0.2 to 0.54 ppB (mean = .28 ppB), calcium concentrations range from 1.0 to 45 ppB (mean = 8.4 ppB), and sulfate concentrations range from 41 to 1400 ppM (mean = 266 ppM). Sodium concentrations range from 176 to 744 ppM (mean = 296 ppM) and total alkalinity values range from 140 to 920 ppM (mean = 596 ppM). The maximum uranium value observed (32 ppB) occurs near the hydrogeochemical boundary

The fate of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon on the Eurasian shelves and export to the North Atlantic

Science.gov (United States)

Kaiser, Karl; Amon, Rainer; Benner, Ronald

2017-04-01

Dissolved lignin phenols, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption, and fluorescence were analyzed along cross-slope mooring locations in the Barents, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas to gain a better understanding of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) dynamics in Arctic shelf seas and the Arctic Ocean. A gradient of river water and tDOC was observed along the continental shelf eastward into the East Siberian Sea. Correlations of carbon-normalized yields of lignin-derived phenols supplied by Siberian rivers with river water fractions and known water residence times yielded in situ decay constants of 0.18-0.58 per year. Calculations showed about 50% of annual tDOC discharged by Siberian rivers was mineralized in estuaries and on the Eurasian shelves per year indicating extensive removal of tDOC. Bioassay experiments and in situ decay constants indicated a reactivity continuum for tDOC. CDOM parameters and acid/aldehyde ratios of vanillyl (V) and syringyl (S) lignin phenols showed biomineralization was the dominant mechanism for the removal of tDOC. Characteristic ratios of p-hydroxy (P), S, and V phenols (P/V, S/V) also identified shelf regions in the Kara Sea and regions along the Western Laptev Sea shelf where formation of Low Salinity Halocline Waters (LSHW) and Lower Halocline Water (LHW) occurred. The efficient removal of tDOC demonstrates the importance of Eurasian margins as sinks of tDOC derived from the large Siberian Rivers and confirms tDOC mineralization has a major impact on nutrients budgets, air-sea CO2 exchange, and acidification in the Siberian Shelf Seas.

Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Trends, 1979-2006

Science.gov (United States)

Parkinson, Claire L.; Cavalieri, Donald J.

2008-01-01

Analysis of Arctic sea ice extents derived from satellite passive-microwave data for the 28 years, 1979-2006 yields an overall negative trend of -45,100 +/- 4,600 km2/yr (-3.7 +/- 0.4%/decade) in the yearly averages, with negative ice-extent trends also occurring for each of the four seasons and each of the 12 months. For the yearly averages the largest decreases occur in the Kara and Barents Seas and the Arctic Ocean, with linear least squares slopes of -10,600 +/- 2,800 km2/yr (-7.4 +/- 2.0%/decade) and -10,100 +/- 2,200 km2/yr (-1.5 +/- 0.3%/decade), respectively, followed by Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea, with a slope of -8,000 +/- 2,000 km2/yr) -9.0 +/- 2.3%/decade), the Greenland Sea, with a slope of -7,000 +/- 1,400 km2/yr (-9.3 +/- 1.9%/decade), and Hudson Bay, with a slope of -4,500 +/- 900 km2/yr (-5.3 +/- 1.1%/decade). These are all statistically significant decreases at a 99% confidence level. The Seas of Okhotsk and Japan also have a statistically significant ice decrease, although at a 95% confidence level, and the three remaining regions, the Bering Sea, Canadian Archipelago, and Gulf of St. Lawrence, have negative slopes that are not statistically significant. The 28-year trends in ice areas for the Northern Hemisphere total are also statistically significant and negative in each season, each month, and for the yearly averages.

RUN1 and REN1 Pyramiding in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Crimson Seedless) Displays an Improved Defense Response Leading to Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator)

Science.gov (United States)

Agurto, Mario; Schlechter, Rudolf O.; Armijo, Grace; Solano, Esteban; Serrano, Carolina; Contreras, Rodrigo A.; Zúñiga, Gustavo E.; Arce-Johnson, Patricio

2017-01-01

Fungal pathogens are the cause of the most common diseases in grapevine and among them powdery mildew represents a major focus for disease management. Different strategies for introgression of resistance in grapevine are currently undertaken in breeding programs. For example, introgression of several resistance genes (R) from different sources for making it more durable and also strengthening the plant defense response. Taking this into account, we cross-pollinated P09-105/34, a grapevine plant carrying both RUN1 and REN1 pyramided loci of resistance to Erysiphe necator inherited from a pseudo-backcrossing scheme with Muscadinia rotundifolia and Vitis vinifera ‘Dzhandzhal Kara,’ respectively, with the susceptible commercial table grape cv. ‘Crimson Seedless.’ We developed RUN1REN1 resistant genotypes through conventional breeding and identified them by marker assisted selection. The characterization of defense response showed a highly effective defense mechanism against powdery mildew in these plants. Our results reveal that RUN1REN1 grapevine plants display a robust defense response against E. necator, leading to unsuccessful fungal establishment with low penetration rate and poor hypha development. This resistance mechanism includes reactive oxygen species production, callose accumulation, programmed cell death induction and mainly VvSTS36 and VvPEN1 gene activation. RUN1REN1 plants have a great potential as new table grape cultivars with durable complete resistance to E. necator, and are valuable germplasm to be included in grape breeding programs to continue pyramiding with other sources of resistance to grapevine diseases. PMID:28553300

Evaluation of the limit ice thickness for the hull of various Finnish-Swedish ice class vessels navigating in the Russian Arctic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pentti Kujala

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Selection of suitable ice class for ships operation is an important but not simple task. The increased exploitation of the Polar waters, both seasonal periods and geographical areas, as well as the introduction of new international design standards such as Polar Code, reduces the relevancy of using existing experience as basis for the selection, and new methods and knowledge have to be developed. This paper will analyse what can be the limiting ice thickness for ships navigating in the Russian Arctic and designed according to the Finnish-Swedish ice class rules. The permanent deformations of ice-strengthened shell structures for various ice classes is determined using MT Uikku as the typical size of a vessel navigating in ice. The ice load in various conditions is determined using the ARCDEV data from the winter 1998 as the basic database. By comparing the measured load in various ice conditions with the serviceability limit state of the structures, the limiting ice thickness for various ice classes is determined. The database for maximum loads includes 3-weeks ice load measurements during April 1998 on the Kara Sea mainly by icebreaker assistance. Gumbel 1 distribution is fitted on the measured 20 min maximum values and the data is divided into various classes using ship speed, ice thickness and ice concentration as the main parameters. Results encouragingly show that present designs are safer than assumed in the Polar Code suggesting that assisted operation in Arctic conditions is feasible in rougher conditions than indicated in the Polar Code. Keywords: Loads, Serviceability, Limit ice thickness, Polar code

Study on fabrication methods of composite structures (1st. report); Joule effect curing of CFRP composite structures and its application to bonding and repair. Fukugo zai kozo no seikei kako ho ni kansuru kenkyu (Dai 1po); CFRP kozo no Joule koka wo riyo shita cure ho to setsugoter dot hoshu e no oyo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moriya, K. (The National Defense Academy, Kanagawa (Japan))

1990-07-05

A method for curing CFRP composite structures by using Joule effect is presented. Due to the presence of fiber to fiber contact, CFRP composites and their prepregs exhibit electrical conductivity in the direction transverse to fibers as well as in the fiber direction, and they can be considered as electrically homogeneous on a gross scale. Therefore, passing an electric current through a CFRP prepreg, it is self-heated due to the Joule effect. Feedback current control maintains the prepreg temperature at a desired level and makes the prepreg be cured by a specified cure cycle. Experimental verifiactions have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the present technique. The applications to the bonding of CFRP components and to the patch repairs of effective CFRP structure are also described. 12 refs., 12 figs.

Fiscal 1994 survey report. Survey of energy supply/demand structure sophistication and global environmental impact; 1994 nendo energy jukyu kozo kodoka chikyu kankyo eikyo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

Outlines of various energy supply/demand analytical models are surveyed. With environmental problems gathering importance, a number of models are being introduced in which energy supply/demand structures, long-term climate changes, and impacts of policy options on social economy are linked to each other. Some socioeconomic impact models cover a single country and others the whole world. They are various in type, ranging from dynamic optimization models to static balance models. Twenty-four models are chosen, and grouped into two types respectively covering Japan and the whole world from a geographical viewpoint and into three groups in view of their structures. Under an optimization model, such optimization is accomplished as economic growth maximization and energy cost minimization and so forth under given energy supply restrictions. Under a general balance type econometric model, an adjustment process in which capital and labor and production are coordinated across multiple departments is expressly stated. Under a partial balance type econometric model, a demand function for goods is given and optimum behavior such as consumption maximization is indirectly described. (NEDO)

Experimental analysis of the structure attenuation characteristics on engine noise by pseudo cylinder pressure excitation; Giji tonaiatsu kashin ni yoru engine kozo no soon tokusei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ozawa, H; Nakada, T [Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The engine structure attenuation has been experimentally analyzed by the newly developed in-cylinder excitation system. It can reproduce the complete cylinder pressure in non-running engine conditions by adopting the hydraulic and the piezoelectric actuator. The structure attenuation measured in this system has a good coincidence with the ones measured in actually engine operating conditions, meanwhile the current method, which applied only high frequency components as the excitation pressure, was shown to have the unsatisfied agreement. As a result, the proposed system has been concluded to be very useful to estimate the engine noise characteristics in non-running conditions. 4 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Nonlinear effects and vortical structures in homogeneous rotating turbulence under stable density stratification; Antei seisoka ni aru kaiten ichiyo ranryu no hisenkei koka to uzu kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsujimura, S.; Iida, O.; Nagano, Y. [Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya (Japan)

2000-02-25

The generation mechanism of the vertical vortices associated with the baroclinic instability and the effects of nonlinear term on the vortices are investigated by using both direct numerical simulation (DNS) and rapid distortion theory (RDT). Two kinds of the anisotropic flow fields are used as initial conditions. As a result, the initial anisotropy of Reynolds stresses is found to affect asymmetry of the vertical vortices. In the cases where the initial vertical velocity is set to be zero, the p. d. f. of the vertical vorticity tends to incline toward the anticyclonic side. When the vertical component of initial velocity is larger than the horizontal one, the cyclonic vortices are more enhanced. By comparing DNS and RDT, it is found that in both cases of the initial conditions the enhanced vortices of DNS are stretched in the vertical direction, which is not observed in the RDT results. This should be because the nonlinear vortex-stretching term intensifies and elongates vertical vortices in the vertical direction. The anticyclones are markedly augmented in low Prandtl number fluids, while the cyclones become dominant in the high Prandtl number case. In particular, the flow field becomes almost two-dimensionalized and Taylor columns are formed in the vertical direction in the low Prandtl number case. However, neither two-dimensionalization nor Taylor column is observed in the RDT analysis which neglects the nonlinear terms. (author)

Studies on surface structures and mechanism of photocatalytic action of semiconductor oxides; Handotai hikari shokubai no hyomen kozo seigyo to sayo kiko kaimei ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeuchi, H; Sona, S; Koike, H; Hori, H; Negishi, N; Kohara, H; Ibusuki, A [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan); Vakhtin, A; Borovkov, V [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1997-02-01

Studies are made to define the working mechanism of semiconductor photocatalysts such as TiO2 and to establish designing guidelines for improving on their activity and functions. TiO2 in the air actively produces oxygen seeds for the oxidation and removal of NOx, etc. It is desired that a catalyst have a specific surface area large enough to retain the product of its action. To meet the need, a thin-film photocatalyst which is an aggregate of TiO2 crystals is produced by burning a film of a sol/gel system of reaction doped with macromolecules. This product has a larger specific surface area and is higher in pollutant-removing performance, and may be put into practical use. In another experiment, metal-carrying particles TiO2 suspended in water are employed for the reduction of CO2. Though the main product of catalysts carrying Pt or Pd is methane, a photocatalyst carrying RuO2 produces acetic acid mainly and loses less activity with the passage of time. A hybrid photocatalyst is composed of an organic pigment and inorganic semiconductor, synthesized through a covalent bond between a sililated-surface thin TiO2 film and porphyrin. It is confirmed that the newly developed process brings about an increase in electron migration efficiency. 3 figs.

Creep analysis and torsional vibration analysis of cable-stayed bridges with two edge composite girders; Nishuketa gosei kozo shachokyo no creep kaiseki to nejiri shindo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoshino, M. [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan). College of Science and Technology

1996-07-21

This paper describes the creep analysis and torsional vibration analysis of cable-stayed bridges with two edge composite girders. The girder is composed of the concrete slab and the steel girder. I-girders are placed at both edges of the profile. Such a type of bridge was investigated. As the stress migrates by the creep of concrete slab, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of this creep precisely in designing. In the analysis, the composite girder was expressed not by the single member, but by the binary member consisting of concrete member and steel member. Two methods were employed, i.e., method A in which both members are connected by the rigid body beam and method B in which the profile of concrete is converted into the profile of steel. The method A provided better accuracy, but the method B was often sufficient. Torsional rigidity of the open profile structure was much smaller than that of the box profile. As the torsional natural frequency was low, proper torsional vibration analysis was indispensable especially from the viewpoint of wind resistance. Two methods were employed, which utilize the vibration analysis method for general space frame structures. Results of both methods were agreed mutually, but the second method provided better calculation efficiency. 10 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs.

Proposal and study of a long-span composite cable-stayed bridge with new hybrid girder; Atarashii gosei kozo shuketa wo mochiita chodai fukugo shachokyo no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshida, K.; Hishiki, Y.; Furuichi, K. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-09-30

A hybrid or mixed structure (composite structures) are a matter of increasing concern which takes in each advantage of steel and concrete. A field of bridges is no exception, with the plan and construction carried out for the new type of composite bridge, such as a composite cable-stayed bridge and a composite extra dose bridge as a long span bridge, and a composite truss bridge and a corrugated steel plate web bridge as a medium-span bridge, with technological development becoming active in this field. In such a technological trend, a hybrid two-girder structure was devised, a structure consisting of a concrete filled steel pipe for a girder and a precast (PC) floor plate for a floor board, as the girder structure of a long-span cable-stayed bridge in the subject research; also, applicability was examined using, as an example, the composite cable-stayed bridge with hybrid girders employed for the span. This paper reports the result of the analysis of the entire system, the analysis made for the purpose of examining the characteristic and the feasibility of this hybrid girder. The analysis revealed the structural feasibility of the long-span composite cable-stayed bridge using two hybrid girders of concrete-filled steel pipes thus devised. (NEDO)

Utilization of coal ash from fluidized-bed combustion boilers as road base material; Sekitandaki ryudoso boiler kara no sekitanbai no robanzai to shite no riyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shibata, Y. [Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan); Kozasa, K. [Center for Coal Utilization, Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Tsuzura, K. [Naruto Salt Mfg. Co. Ltd., Tokushima (Japan); Izumi, H. [Nippon Hodo Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-03-01

Coal ash from the fluidized bed boiler is evaluated for its properties as is, as solidified or granulated, and as the roadbed material. The coal ash tested in the experiment is a mixture of ash from the fluidized bed boiler bottom, ash from the cyclone separator, and ash from the bag filter. In the manufacture of solid or granulated bodies, coal ashes are kneaded in water whose amount puts the mixture near the plasticization limit, are pressed in a low-pressure press and made into solid bodies by a 15-hour curing in 60degC saturated steam, and the solid bodies are crushed into solid granules. A content release test is conducted about the release of dangerous substances, and road paving experiments are conducted to learn the workability and serviceability of the granulated material as a road paving material. A study of the experimental results discloses what is mentioned below. Coal ash containing 10-20vol% of CaO and 15vol% or less of unburnt carbon turns into a high-strength solid after curing in saturated steam whose temperature is not higher than 60degC. The granulated solid satisfies the standards that an upper subbase material is expected to satisfy. It also meets the environmental standards in a release content test for soil set forth by Environment Agency notification No.46. 8 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.

Perspective of next generation training system from the viewpoints of human interfaces. Human interface kara mita kyoiku kunren system no genjo to kongo no tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishida, S [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1992-12-10

This paper describes an education and training system placing its emphasis on human interfaces. The paper indicates that the currently used education and training systems lack training functions to cultivate knowledge-based judgment abilities that can find adequate solutions to events that have not been experienced previously; such judgments require deep understanding on the objects; and this training requires a system to aid the comprehension based on knowledges in the realm of recognition science for the 'human understanding'. Next, a pedagogical interface is proposed for aiding the comprehension. The paper enumerates functions indispensable for the comprehension including setting the 'loop for representation and examination', aiding the representation to examination loop, aiding roles by others, and realizing interactions through a hypothetical world. Also enumerated as fundamental techniques to structure such interface are information structuring techniques, groupware techniques, and virtual reality techniques. 19 refs., 10 figs.

FY 1985-1992 summarized report on the R and D of photoreactive materials; 1985 nendo kara 1992 nendo hikari hanno zairyo kenkyu kaihatsu sokatsu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-12-01

For the purpose of establishing the basement technology relating to photoreactive materials which make remarkably higher density and larger capacity of the information recording possible, the following were made for photochromic materials and PHB materials: elucidation of the photoreaction mechanism, development of materials, development of material processing/structure technology and development of evaluation technology. The target is to establish the technology of the multiplex recording which is applicable to the super-high density recording in relation to PHB materials/organic photochromic materials which have potentiality of photon-mode recording. PHB materials were developed which have potentiality of 600 wavelength multiple recording and 5 electric field multiple recording in 4.2K and 9 wavelength multiple recording in 77K. Photochromic materials were developed which have high sensitivity and preservation stability and have potentiality of 10 wavelength multiple recording at room temperature. A new photo-recording method was found out by which the orientation of liquid crystal is photo-controlled and potentiality of the multiple polarization was shown. Moreover, the fabrication was successfully made of PHB materials and photochromic materials which make non-destructive readout operation of more than 10{sup 4} times possible. (NEDO)

Trend of the refractory technology in ICR and UNITECR; Taikabutsu kokusai kaigi oyobi toitsu taikabutsu kokusai kaigi no happyo kara mita taikabutsu gijutsu no doko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taira, H.

1996-05-01

Technological trends have been compiled on the basis of the agendas of all the six events from the 1st International Conference on Refractories through the UNITECR `95 held in Japan. Although the number of articles presented increased from 52 to 187 during this period, yet there was a remarkable decrease in the number of articles in some fields related to refractories for iron and steel making, the said field involving pig iron melting preparatory treatment and torpedo cars. There is no great change in the number of articles about the MgO-C brick in use for building converters and electric furnaces that are typical kilns, with various countries presenting papers indicating that the brick is the representative of high-performance refractories being used across the world. There is a steady increase in the number of articles related to nonferrous metals, glass, and cement, and attracting attention is the papers concerning incinerators. The number of papers about basic technologies and new testing methods is constant. Attracting attention are papers for example on fine ceramics with its scope of application as refractories spreading, which reflects the technological trends across the world and the circumstances the host countries find themselves under. It is added here that Brazil rich in refractory resources presented many papers at the conference that it hosted. 27 refs., 7 tabs.

Double linearization theory applied to three-dimensional cascades oscillating under supersonic axial flow condition. Choonsoku jikuryu sokudo de sadosuru sanjigen shindo yokuretsu no niju senkei riron ni yoru hiteijo kukiryoku kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toshimitsu, K; Nanba, M [Kgushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Iwai, S [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-11-25

In order to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of a supersonic axial flow turbofan realizing flight of Mach number of 2-5, the double linearization theory was applied to a three dimensional oscillation cascade accompanying a steady load in a supersonic axial flow condition and unsteady pneumatic force and aerodynamic unstability of oscillation were studied. Moreover, the values based on the strip theory and the three-dimensional theory were comparatively evaluated. Fundamental assumptions were such that the order of steady and unsteady perturbation satisfies the holding condition of the double linearization thory in a supersonic-and equi-entropy flow of non-viscous perfect gas. The numerical calculation assumed parabolic distributions of camber and thickness in the blade shape. As a result, the strip theory prediction agreed well with the value given by the three-dimensional theory in the steady blade-plane pressure difference and in the work of an unsteady pneumatic force, showing its validity. Among the steady load components of angle of attack, camber and thickness, the component of camber whose absolute value is large has the strongest effect on the total work. The distribution reduced in the angle of attack and camber from hub toward tip gives a large and stable flutter margin. 5 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.

Three-dimensional computer simulation at vehicle collision using dynamic model. Application to various collision types; Rikigaku model ni yoru jidosha shototsuji no sanjigen kyodo simulation. Shushu no shototsu keitai eno tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abe, M; Morisawa, M [Musashi Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan); Sato, T [Keio University, Tokyo (Japan); Kobayashi, K [Molex-Japan Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The past study of safety at vehicle collision pays attention to phenomena within the short time from starting collision, and the behavior of rollover is studied separating from that at collision. Most simulations of traffic accident are two-dimensional simulations. Therefore, it is indispensable for vehicle design to the analyze three-dimensional and continuous behavior from crash till stopping. Accordingly, in this study, the three-dimensional behavior of two vehicles at collision was simulated by computer using dynamic models. Then, by comparison of the calculated results with real vehicles` collision test data, it was confirmed that dynamic model of this study was reliable. 10 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Nuclear techniques in animal production and health and food irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, N.

2002-01-01

Nuclear techniques applied to animal production and health are concentrated in three main fields: Animal nutrition, reproduction and animal health. Isotopic markers, both radioactive (''1''4C, ''5 1 Cr, 32 P and 35 S) and stable ( 15 N), have been used in the development of feeding strategies by understanding the rumen fermentation process, and how protein and other nutrients are utilized to determine a balanced diet for meeting animal requirements for growth, pregnancy and lactation. The simple and easily applicable technology was developed for the preparation of a urea mineral multi nutrient block as a supplement and animal cake for the replacement of concentrate feed used by dairy cattle holders. The model was developed in Yerli Kara Cattle and its cross-breeds to estimate protein requirements of animals. Progesterone immunoassays (RIA/EIA) make it possible to control the reproductive performance of cattle, sheep and goats. A milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay kit known as Reprokon was developed at our Center. The kit has licensed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. As for animal diseases, especially parasitic infections, nuclear techniques have proved to be of great value, namely in the production of irradiated vaccines against helminitic diseases. The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic techniques were used on the diagnosis of babesiosis, a disease which cause great economic loss in livestock in Turkey. Food irradiation is the treatment of raw, semi-processed or processed food or food ingredients with ionizing radiation to achieve a reduction of losses due to insect infestation, germination of root crops, spoilage and deterioration of perishable produce, and/or the control of microorganisms and other organisms that cause food borne diseases

Chemotherapy-associated paronychia treated with 2% povidone–iodine: a series of cases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Capriotti K

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Kara Capriotti,1,2 Joseph Capriotti,1,3 Jesse Pelletier,1,3 Kevin Stewart1,3 1Veloce BioPharma LLC, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 2Bryn Mawr Skin and Cancer Institute, Rosemont, PA, 3Plessen Ophthalmology Consultants, Christiansted, VI, USA Background: Nail changes are known to occur during the use of chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies, particularly those treated with taxanes and EGFR inhibitors. There are currently no actively recruiting prospective clinical trials investigating potential treatments. There are also no US Food and Drug Administration-approved medical treatments for chemotherapy-associated paronychia and no consensus on the best way to treat these common chemotherapy-induced events. Methods: A retrospective review of all cases presenting to a single dermatology private practice from June 2016 to January 2017 identified nine patients with chemotherapy-associated paronychia seeking treatment. Each patient was prescribed a topical solution comprised of 2% povidone–iodine in a dimethylsulfoxide vehicle that was prepared by a licensed compounding pharmacy. Patients were seen at 3 week and 6 week follow-up visits. Results: All 9/9 patients demonstrated complete or partial resolution. The number of nails involved for each patient ranged from 4–12. There were a total of 58 nails affected in the case series, and 44/58 (76% resolved overall. The treatment was well tolerated. Conclusion: The topical povidone–iodine/dimethylsufoxide solution described is very effective in alleviating the signs and symptoms of paronychia associated with chemotherapy. This novel combination warrants further investigation in randomized, controlled trials to further elucidate its clinical utility. Keywords: paronychia, chemotherapy, taxanes, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, povidone–iodine, dimethylsulfoxide

Hereditary pancreatitis: current perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raphael KL

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Kara L Raphael, Field F Willingham Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Abstract: Hereditary pancreatitis (HP is a rare cause of acute, recurrent acute, and chronic pancreatitis. It may present similarly to other causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis, and often there has been a protracted evaluation prior to the diagnosis of HP. Since it was first described in 1952, multiple genetic defects that affect the action of digestive enzymes in the pancreas have been implicated. The most common mutations involve the PRSS1, CFTR, SPINK1, and CTRC genes. New mutations in these genes and previously unrecognized mutations in other genes are being discovered due to the increasing use of next-generation genomic sequencing. While the inheritance pathways of these genetic mutations may be variable and complex, sometimes involving coinheritance of other mutations, the clinical presentation of patients tends to be similar. Interactions with environmental triggers often play a role. Patients tend to present at an early age (prior to the second decade of life and have a significantly increased risk for the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients with HP may develop sequelae of chronic pancreatitis such as strictures and fluid collections as well as exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Management of patients with HP involves avoidance of environmental triggers, surveillance for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, medical therapy for endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, pain management, and endoscopic or surgical treatment for complications. Care for affected patients should be individualized, with an emphasis on early diagnosis and multidisciplinary involvement to develop a comprehensive treatment strategy. Keywords: pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, idiopathic pancreatitis, pancreatitis, familial pancreatitis, genetic mutations

Trauma in elderly patients evaluated in a hospital emergency department in Konya, Turkey: a retrospective study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kara H

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Hasan Kara,1 Aysegul Bayir,1 Ahmet Ak,1 Murat Akinci,1 Necmettin Tufekci,1 Selim Degirmenci,1 Melih Azap21Department of Emergency Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Konya Numune Hospital, Konya, TurkeyPurpose: Trauma is a common cause of admission to the hospital emergency department. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause of admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to an emergency department in Turkey because of blunt trauma.Materials and methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 568 patients (314 women and 254 men aged ≥65 years who were admitted to an emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.Results: Trauma was caused by low-energy fall in 379 patients (67%, traffic accident in 79 patients (14%, high-energy fall in 69 patients (12%, and other causes in 41 patients (7%. The most frequent sites of injury were the lower extremity, thorax, upper extremity, and head. The femur was the most frequent fracture site. After evaluation in the emergency department, 377 patients (66% were hospitalized. There were 31 patients (5% who died. Risk of hospitalization after trauma was significantly associated with trauma to the lower extremity, thorax, and spine; fractures of the femur and rib; and intracranial injury.Conclusion: Emergency department admission after trauma in patients aged $65 years is common after low-energy falls, and most injuries occur to the extremities. It is important to focus on prevention of falls to decrease the frequency of trauma in the elderly.Keywords: fall, femur, fracture, injury

On the Reflection of Mythological Beliefs in the Anthroponymic System of Bashkirs (Based on Service records of the officers and clerks of the 9th Bashkir Canton as of 1837

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Firdaus G. Khisamitdinova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article focuses the mythological beliefs of Bashkirs as reflected in historical anthroponymy using as its main source the document entitled Service records of the officers and clerks of the 9th Bashkir Canton as of 1837. The author considers more than 40 000 personal names and surnames of the 18th–19th centuries paying particular attention to those that contain mythologically marked items reflecting the remotest religious beliefs of Bashkirs. The analysis of anthroponymic data reveals the ancient Bashkirs’ views about gods and divine beings of both the pre-Islamic era and the period that followed the adoption of Islam. Specifically, the author investigates into the ancient Bashkirs’ concept of the presiding deity Tengri and provides a comparative analysis of the beliefs relating to the gods Khuday, Allah, kun / koyash ‘sun’, ay ‘moon’, and others. The names retrieved from the studied document enable to reveal the culturally induced connotations of the colour terms ak ‘white’ and kara ‘black’ as parts of anthroponyms. They were associated with the concepts of purity, holiness, strength and courage and sometimes served as a kind of protective charm. The Bashkir anthroponymy reflects some ancient beliefs related to metals. For example, the word altyn ‘gold’ is closely associated with the upper world, that of the sky and the sun. The 18th–19th centuries Bashkir stock of personal names contains a wide range of names associated with totem animals, birds, trees and other plants that were given to children to protect them from sinister forces. It also contains names that reflect the ancient Bashkirs’ beliefs about time and space.

Spatial and temporal patterns of sea ice variations in Vilkitsky strait, Russian High Arctic

Science.gov (United States)

Ci, T.; Cheng, X.; Hui, F.

2013-12-01

The Arctic Ocean has been greatly affected by climate change. Future predications show an even more drastic reduction of the ice cap which will open new areas for the exploration of natural resources and maritime transportation.Shipping through the Arctic Ocean via the Northern Sea Route (NSR) could save about 40% of the sailing distance from Asia (Yokohama) to Europe (Rotterdam) compared to the traditional route via the Suez Canal. Vilkitsky strait is the narrowest and northest portion of the Northern Sea Route with heaviest traffic between the Taimyr Peninsular and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. The preliminary results of sea ice variations are presented by using moderate-resolution imaging spectro radiometer(MODIS) data with 250-m resolution in the Vilkitsky strait during 2009-2012. Temporally, the first rupture on sea ice in Vilkitsky strait usually comes up in April and sea ice completely break into pieces in early June. The strait would be ice-free between August and late September. The frequency of ice floes grows while temperature falls down in October. There are always one or two months suitable for transport. Spatially, Sea ice on Laptev sea side breaks earlier than that of Kara sea side while sea ice in central of strait breaks earlier than in shoreside. The phenomena are directly related with the direction of sea wind and ocean current. In summmary, study on Spatial and temporal patterns in this area is significant for the NSR. An additional research issue to be tackled is to seeking the trends of ice-free duration in the context of global warming. Envisat ASAR data will also be used in this study.

Marine sediments as a sink, and contaminated sediments as a diffuse source of radionuclides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salbu, B.; Borretzen, P.

1997-01-01

Full text: Marine sediments may act as a sink for radionuclides originating from atmospheric fallout (e.g. Chernobyl accident), for radionuclides in discharges from nuclear installations (e.g. Sellafield, UK) for river transported radionuclides, and radionuclides released from nuclear waste dumped at sea (e.g. fjords at Novaya Zemlya). In order to assess short and long term consequences of radionuclides entering the marine ecosystem, the role of sediments as a relatively permanent sink and the potential for contaminated sediments to act as a diffuse source should be focused. The retention of radionuclides in sediments will depend on the source term, i.e. the physico-chemical forms of radionuclides entering the system and on interactions with various sediment components. Radionuclides associated with particles or aggregating polymers are removed from the water phase by sedimentation, while sorption to surface sediment layers is of relevance for ionic radionuclide species including negatively charged colloids. With time, transformation processes will influence the mobility of radionuclides in sediments. The diffusion into mineral lattices will increase fixation, while the influence of for instance red/ox conditions and bio-erosion may mobilize radionuclides originally fixed in radioactive particles. Thus, information of radionuclides species, surface interactions, transformation processes and kinetics is essential for reducing the uncertainties in marine transfer models. Dynamic model experiments where chemically well defined tracers are added to a sea water-marine sediment system are useful for providing information on time dependent interactions and distribution coefficients. When combined with sequential extraction techniques, information on mobility and rate of fixation is subsequently attained. In the present work experimental results from the Irish Sea and the Kara Sea will be discussed

2D resistivity survey in complex geological structure area. Application to the volcanic area; Fukuzatsuna chishitsu kozo chiiki ni okeru hiteiko nijigen tansa. Kazangan chiiki deno tekiorei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asakawa, S; Ikuma, T; Tanifuji, R [DIA Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

Introduced herein is an application of 2D resistivity survey to a volcanic rock area where the survey result is difficult to interpret because of its complex geological structure. In a dam site survey, main problems involve the permeability of water through faults and weathered, altered zones. At this site, a 2D resistivity survey was conducted, a 2D geological structure was deduced from the resistivity section, and the result was examined. It was found that resistivity distribution was closely related to hydrographic factors, but no obvious correlation was detected between rock classes and R, Q, and D. In conducting investigations into a section planned for a highway tunnel, it was learned that the problem was a volcanic ash layer to collapse instantly upon absorbing water, and the distribution of the ash layer, not to be disclosed by boring, was subjected to a 2D resistivity survey. The survey was conducted into the structure above where the tunnel would run, and further into the face, and studies were made about what layer was reflected by the resistivity distribution obtained by analysis. The result of the analysis agreed with the details of the layer that was disclosed afterward. 4 figs., 1 tab.

FY1995 study of very flexible software structures based on soft-software components; 1995 nendo yawarankana software buhin ni motozuku software no choju kozo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The purpose of this study is to develop the method and tools for changing the software structure flexibly along with the continuous continuous change of its environment and conditions of use. The goal is the software of very high adaptability by using soft-software components and flexible assembly. The CASE tool platform Sapid based on a fine-grained repository was developed and enforced for raising the abstraction level of program code and for mining potential flexible components. To reconstruct the software adaptable to a required environment, the SQM (Software Quark Model) was used in managing interconnectivity and other semantic relationships of among components. On these two basic systems, we developed various methods and tools such as those for static and dynamic analysis of very flexible software structures, program transformation description, program pattern extraction and composition component optimization by partial evaluation, component extraction by function slicing, code encapsulation, and component navigation and application. (NEDO)

Structural studies on reaction centers from thermophilic photosynthetic bacteria and its functional utilizations. Tainetsusei kogosei saikin ni yuraisuru kogosei hanno chushin no kozo kaimei to kino kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nozawa, T; Morishita, Y; Kobayashi, M; Kanno, S [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1992-10-31

This paper describes the results of the experiment in which crystallization of protein of reactive center purified from the photosynthetic film of thermophilic purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium tepidum whose hyrogen donor in photosynthesis is H2S instead of H2O was attempted. Crystallization was carried out by the vapor diffusion method and particularly by using ethylene glycol as precipitator at 4[degree]C after various investigations on the conditions of crystallization. By X-ray diffraction, this crystal was found to belong to the rhombic system, and it was estimated that the lattice constants, a, b, c equal to 140[angstrom], 190[angstrom] and 80[angstrom] respectively. This bacterium is a thermophilic bacterium having the optimum growth temperature of 48-50 [degree]C and utilizes CO2 or H2CO3 as corbon source, ammonium, urea etc. as nitrogen source and thiosulfate as sulfur source. Moreover, another purpose of this investigation was to determine the thermophilic location by elucidating its configuration (although, as a result, the analysis of configuration had no sufficient resolution). It was confirmed that the enzyme system of photosynthetic film and its cytoplasm obtained by ultrasonic spallation of this cell have CO2 fixing activity utilizing light energy. 23 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.

Basic investigation on deflection wave propagation and strength of very large floating structures; Choogata futai kozo no tawami hado denpa kyodo to kyodo ni kansuru kisoteki kosatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsubogo, T.; Okada, H. [University of Osaka Prefecture, Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-08-01

The response strength in which deflection waves propagating in the elastic body of a large floating structure with an order of km in length and width was investigated. Attention was paid to the waves propagating the place fully away from the boundary of a very large floating body so as to obtain the dispersion relation of waves and the relation between incident waves and deflection waves. Next, the frequency response was checked from the aspect of the displacement amplitude and strength for beams and plates. The dispersion relation of waves propagating the place fully away from the boundary of a very large floating body and the relation between the waves and infinite-point incident waves were represented by an expression. Similarly, the waves propagates more than the infinite-point incident waves in frequency, wavelength, and speed. A lower-limit value exists in the propagation speed. The displacement and stress amplitudes are represented by a relational expression. For plates, the displacement amplitude increases when the wave direction coincides with the small-rigidity direction. The stress amplitude is maximized when the waves corresponding to the ``wave below a floating body = size of a characteristic wave number`` reach the large-rigidity direction. 10 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Subsurface interpretation based on geophysical data set using geothermal database system `GEOBASE`. 2; Chinetsu database system `GEOBASE` wo riyoshita Kakkonda chinetsu chiiki no chika kozo kaiseki. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osato, K; Sato, T; Miura, Y; Yamane, K [GERD Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Doi, N [Japan Metals and Chemicals Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Uchida, T [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1997-05-27

Five cross sections were applied as a result of MT method investigations in addition to the results of conventional analyses at the Kakkonda geothermal area; three-dimensional resistivity distribution was made into a database by using the Kriging method which makes a matching with anisotropy of seismic center distribution in micro-earthquakes; and the database was compared with the data derived from surveys on the pilot survey well WD-1a and the side-truck well WD-1b thereof. As a result, it was found that the well WD 1b which encountered a water loss zone had the water loss zone exist in a region with relatively lower resistivity than in the well WD-1a which did not encounter a water loss zone. The region in which the water loss zone was encountered existed in a very steep slope region going from the high resistivity region in the west side toward the low resistivity region in the east side. This fact suggests a possibility that fractures have developed in this region with sharp slope in the resistivity in this area. Adding three-dimensional complementary function to the GEOBASE database by using a simple Kriging allowed the direction of anisotropy in spatial data to be freely and quickly decided. It was learned that this capability exhibits strong power in a mapping work in structures where such anisotropy as a geothermal zone is highly dominant. 5 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Optimum stamping die structure based on analytical method of die deformation during draw process; Seikei katei no kanagata henkei kaiseki ni motozuku, press kanagata kozo no saitekika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakahara, T; Tamai, H [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

We measured an actual deformation and pressure distribution in draw process of bending cam, and analyzed deformation process of die structure, in order to eliminate adjusting work considering die deformation by stamping force. We studied die structure improvement with simulation based on analytical method. This report describes a sample of die structure improvement based on a simulation and actual measurement. 1 ref., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Three-dimensional modeling in the electromagnetic/magnetotelluric methods. Accuracy of various finite-element and finite difference methods; Denjiho MT ho ni okeru sanjigen modeling. Shushu no yugen yosoho to sabunho no seido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, Y [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-05-27

To enhance the reliability of electromagnetic/magnetotelluric (MT) survey, calculation results of finite-element methods (FEMs) and finite difference methods (FDMs) were compared. Accuracy of individual methods and convergence of repitition solution were examined. As a result of the investigation, it was found that appropriate accuracy can be obtained from the edge FEM and FDM for the example of vertical magnetic dipole, and that the best accuracy can be obtained from the FDM among four methods for the example of MT survey. It was revealed that the ICBCG (incomplete Cholesky bi-conjugate gradient) method is an excellent method as a solution method of simultaneous equations from the viewpoint of accuracy and calculation time. For the joint FEM, solutions of SOR method converged for both the examples. It was concluded that the cause of error is not due to the error of numerical calculation, but due to the consideration without discontinuity of electric field. The conditions of coefficient matrix increased with decreasing the frequency, which resulted in the unstable numerical calculation. It would be required to incorporate the constraint in a certain form. 4 refs., 12 figs.

Effect of dosing quillaia saponin on waste water form marine products industries; Suisan kako danchi kara o haisui ni taisuru quillaia saponin no tenka no koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagasaka, M. [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-12-20

For waste water treatment facilities of S marine products industrial complex, a demonstrative test was carried out on a waste water treatment method in which addition of biological activity promoter `quillaia saponin` and the aerobic/anaerobic method are combined. In the S marine products industrial complex, there are more than 100 plants which deal mostly with salt-preserved and boiled-fish-paste products. The plant is operated by the activated sludge method with the pretreatment pressurized floatation. The capacity of the aeration tank and concentration tank for the experiment was 2600m{sup 3} and 110m{sup 3}, respectively. The amount of saponin added was approximately 3mg/L for the amount of influent (raw waste water). The measurement items were transparency, SS, COD, BOD, n-hexane extracts (oil content), MLSS, etc. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the equipment of flocculant addition and pressurized floatation as pretreatment facilities is not necessary; the activated sludge treatment of even the waste water in which n-hexane extracts are more than 100mg/L is possible without the pretreatment; and the n-hexane extracts in the treated water is less than 2mg/L. 7 refs., 7 figs., 6 tabs.

Sources and sinks of branched tetraether lipids and bacteriohopanepolyols in a major river system (Yenisei River – Kara Sea) : Implications for their application as geochemical tracers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

De Jonge, C.

2015-01-01

Understanding and predicting climate variability is a major scientific challenge, especially as climate-induced environmental change will impact on human society. In order to constrain the magnitude of this impact, models to predict future climates are increasingly complex, and partly based on what

Shunt and series resistance of photovoltaic module evaluated from the I-V curve; I-V tokusei kara hyokashita taiyo denchi no shunt teiko to chokuretsu teiko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asano, K; Kawamura, H; Yamanaka, S; Kawamura, H; Ono, H [Meijo University, Nagoya (Japan)

1997-11-25

With an objective of discussing I-V characteristics when a shadow has appeared on part of a photovoltaic module, evaluations were given as a first stage of the study on saturation current, shunt resistance and series resistance for the solar cell module. As a result of measuring change in amount of power generated in a sunny day with a shadow appearing over the solar cell module, reduction in power generation capability of about 23% was verified. In other words, the I-V characteristics of the solar cell module change largely because of existence of the shadow caused on the module. The I-V characteristics curve may be expressed and calculated as a function of the shunt resistance and series resistance. By curve-fitting measurement data for a case of changing insolation without existence of partial shadow, values of the shunt resistance and series resistance were derived. As a result, it was found that the calculations agree well with measurements. It was made also clear that each parameter shows temperature dependence. 6 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.