Bacterial Vaginosis Presence in Sexually Active Women in Tuzla Canton Area

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Fatima Numanović

2008-11-01

Full Text Available The goal of our research was to determine the presence of bacterial vaginosis in sexually active women in Tuzla Canton area. Diagnosis determination for bacterial vaginosis was conducted on the basis of three out of four internationally accepted criteria according to Amsel and isolation and identification of Gard- nerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis by standard microbiological procedures. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 20,5 % (41/200 women who asked for gynaecologist’s help due to their personal discomfort, since significantly higher percentage of diagnosed bacterial vaginosis of 48,80% (41/84 was determined in women with personal discomfort typical for this disease. All relevant factors, according to available literature, for genesis of bacterial vaginosis were processed in this research. In respect to the obtained outputs, bacterial vaginosis is significantly more frequent occurrence in women who are not married, since the number of sexual partners, the time of the first sexual intercourse, the use of intrauterine contraceptive device and smoking do not cause the genesis of bacterial vaginosis. According to Nugent, an increased vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour after sexual discourse, its pH>4,5, a positive amino odour test, an occurrence of clue cells in a direct microscopic concoction of vaginal discharge and assessment of the state of vaginal flora for bacterial vaginosis are significantly more frequent occurrences in women with individual discomforts. It was proved that G. vaginalisis a dominant micro organism in 95% of women with clinical signs of vaginosis although it was isolated from vaginal discharge in 40 to 50% of healthy women. In our research, G. vaginalis was isolated in 63,41% of examined women with all signs of bacterial vaginosis, in 36,59% of examined women with one or more clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis and in 2,58% of examined women of control group without clinical signs.

Relación del perfil salival con el grado de inmunosupresión en pacientes infectados con VIH con y sin tratamiento antirretroviral

OpenAIRE

Vera Cruz, Moisés; Cornejo Salaza, José; Chiyong, Teresa Evaristo; Arevalo Abanto, Jorge A.; Villanueva Vílchez, Hugo G.

2014-01-01

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el perfil salival de pacientes con infección por VIH con y sin Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad (TARGA), por medio de la evaluación de los síntomas de hipofunción salival (Xerostomía, Disgeusia, Disfagia y Susceptibilidad de desarrollar úlceras orales), la Tasa de Flujo salival no estimulado, el pH salival y la viscosidad salival; estableciendo su relación con el Grado de Inmunosupresión, evaluado por medio del Recuento de Linfocitos CD4/μl. Se...

The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

60.4%) were asymptomatic. There were 92 out of 250 pregnant women (36.8%) that had three or more of the Amsel's criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The associated risk factors for developing bacterial vaginosis in the study ...

HELICOBACTER PYLORI EN LA FLORA BACTERIANA ORAL

OpenAIRE

Moromi Nakata, Hilda

2014-01-01

No hay duda de la relación existente entre enfermedades orales con otras enfermedades sistémicas. En tal contexto, las bacterias de la flora bacteriana oral, que alcanzan alrededor de 350 especies, para la mayoría de tales bacterias no se ha demostrado un rol específico, conociéndose sí una clara relación entre los Estreptococos orales (Streptococcus sanguis, Strecoccus mutans, Streptococcus sobri nus) y Actinobacillus actinomycetencomitans, entre otros, con la endocarditis bacteriana; así co...

Biofertilizantes no controle da mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas spp. do tomateiro

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Vinícius William Borges Rodrigues

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A mancha bacteriana do tomateiro, causada por quatro espécies de Xanthomonas pode provocar perdas significativas na produção da cultura e a utilização de biofertilizantes na proteção de plantas tende a reduzir a incidência de doenças. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos biofertilizantes no controle preventivo e curativo da mancha bacteriana do tomateiro. Para o controle preventivo da doença, plantas de tomate cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, com 3 a 4 folhas foram pulverizadas com os biofertilizantes (Soil-Set, Agro-Mos e Cop-R-Quick e água (testemunha; e dois dias após foram inoculadas por aspersão com a suspensão bacteriana nas concentrações 109 UFC mL-1 (OD550=0,5 e 106UFC mL-1, com o isolado UFU A35 de Xanthomonas sp. Para o controle curativo, as plantas foram inoculadas com a suspensão bacteriana, e dois dias após foram pulverizadas com os biofertilizantes e água. A severidade da mancha bacteriana foi avaliada usando uma escala diagramática; aos 3, 5, 8, 11 e 14 dias após a inoculação e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso de doença (AACPD. O controle preventivo foi mais eficiente no manejo da mancha bacteriana do tomateiro, e os diferentes biofertilizantes reduziram a severidade da doença.

Perfil salival y su relación con el índice CEOD en niños de 5 años

OpenAIRE

Aguirre Aguilar, Antonio Armando; Narro Sebastián, Fraysy Graciela

2016-01-01

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la relación del perfil salival con el índice CEOD en niños de cinco años. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio con muestreo probabilístico y de corte transversal en 40 niños, divididos en cuatro grupos de 10 individuos cada uno, de acuerdo al índice CEOD; la recolección de muestras se realizó mediante el método de saliva no estimulada, procediendo a la medición del volumen salival, flujo salival, densidad poblacional de Streptococcus mutans, pH salival, ca...

The Incidence of Co-occurrence of Chlamydial Cervicitis with Bacterial Vaginosis

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Yusefi S

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Background and Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance in normal vaginal bacterial flora mainly caused by the introduction of pathogenic bacteria. Failure to properly treat this condition can not only induce abortion but also increase the chance of acquiring other serious infections such as AIDS, gonorrhea and chlamydiosis. Chlamydia trchomatis is one of the causative agents of cervicitis of which 70% is totally asymptomatic. Untreated cases can lead to salpengititis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, infertility, pelvic area pains and other complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the co-occurrence of these two conditions.Methods: A total of 137 patients were examined for both Chlamydial cervicitis and for bacterial vaginosis. Gram stain was used to detect bacterial vaginosis and anti-chlamydial antibodies were titered by microimmunofluoresence (MIF assay. Results: According to the MIF results, 10 patients(7.3% had elevated anti-chlamydial IgG and 3 patients (2.2% showed high IgM titers. Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 6 patients(4.7% as the causative agent of vaginosis. There were 3 cases of co-occurrence of chlamydial cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis (30%. Conclusion: Due to the fact that bacterial vaginosis can provide the pre-disposing conditions for cervicitis and its chronicity and the similarity of the cilinical singns of these two conditions, Infections with Chlamydia are often overlooked. It therefore seems necessary to check any patient with bacterial vaginosis for chlamydial co-infection.

COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS METRONIDAZOLE VS. LACTOBACILLUS

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Narmadha Selvaraj

2017-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND The incidence and morbidity of bacterial vaginosis is high. But most of the patients are asymptomatic and recurrences are common even after effective treatment. Studies comparing the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs indicated for Bacterial vaginosis are also very minimal. Aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological pattern of bacterial vaginosis and to compare the efficacy of Metronidazole and Lactobacillus in the management of bacterial vaginosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 newly diagnosed Bacterial vaginosis patients were enrolled and randomly allotted into two study groups of Metronidazole for one week and Lactobacillus for two months respectively. The patients are followed up based on Amsel’s criteria and Nugent’s scoring system at the time of initiation of treatment, one week, one month, two months and six months after treatment. Ultrasonogram was done at the end of two months. Statistical Analysis- chi square test with yate’s correction and Fisher’s exact test (2 tailed to calculate the P value. Settings and Design- Prospective, open labeled, comparative clinical trial. RESULTS Lactobacillus group was better than Metronidazole based on Amsel’s criteria at six months follow up period and based on Nugent’s scoring system at two months and six months follow up period. CONCLUSION Epidemiological interpretation in our study shows Bacterial vaginosis is common in the 24-40 years of age; marital status, earlier age at marriage, number of deliveries is directly proportionate to bacterial vaginosis incidence. Irregular menstrual cycle, number of sexual partners, and mode of delivery has no association with the incidence of Bacterial vaginosis. Moderate to profuse genital discharge is the commonest symptom observed. Whiff test (80%, Clue cells (90% and alkaline vaginal pH > 5 has high degree of sensitivity.

[Bacterial vaginosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Romero Herrero, Daniel; Andreu Domingo, Antonia

2016-07-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the main cause of vaginal dysbacteriosis in the women during the reproductive age. It is an entity in which many studies have focused for years and which is still open for discussion topics. This is due to the diversity of microorganisms that cause it and therefore, its difficult treatment. Bacterial vaginosis is probably the result of vaginal colonization by complex bacterial communities, many of them non-cultivable and with interdependent metabolism where anaerobic populations most likely play an important role in its pathogenesis. The main symptoms are an increase of vaginal discharge and the unpleasant smell of it. It can lead to serious consequences for women, such as an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus and upper genital tract and pregnancy complications. Gram stain is the gold standard for microbiological diagnosis of BV, but can also be diagnosed using the Amsel clinical criteria. It should not be considered a sexually transmitted disease but it is highly related to sex. Recurrence is the main problem of medical treatment. Apart from BV, there are other dysbacteriosis less characterized like aerobic vaginitis of which further studies are coming slowly but are achieving more attention and consensus among specialists. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Music to Make Your Mouth Water? Assessing the Potential Influence of Sour Music on Salivation

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Wang, Qian J.; Knoeferle, Klemens; Spence, Charles

2017-01-01

People robustly associate various sound attributes with specific smells/tastes, and soundtracks that are associated with specific tastes can influence people’s evaluation of the taste of food and drink. However, it is currently unknown whether such soundtracks directly impact the eating experience via physiological changes (an embodiment account), or whether they act at a higher cognitive level, or both. The present research assessed a version of the embodiment account, where a soundtrack associated with sourness is hypothesized to induce a physiological response in the listener by increasing salivary flow. Salivation was measured while participants were exposed to three different experimental conditions – a sour soundtrack, a muted lemon video showing a man eating a lemon, and a silent baseline condition. The results revealed that salivation during the lemon video condition was significantly greater than in the sour soundtrack and baseline conditions. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between salivation levels in the sour soundtrack compared to the baseline condition. These results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms underlying the auditory modulation of taste perception/evaluation. PMID:28491044

Meningites bacterianas recidivantes

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Maria Valeriana L. Moura-Ribeiro

1992-06-01

Full Text Available O estudo das fístulas liquóricas, envolvendo anormalidades otorrinolaringológicas, deve se basear na procura da causa fundamental que leva às meningites recidivantes. As malformações congênitas, as anormalidades pós-traumáticas e pós-operatórias ou, ainda, associadas a doenças que envolvem ossos cranianos, constituem as causas básicas a serem pesquisadas. Os traumas cranianos podem resultar em fístula liquórica com possibilidade de meningites bacterianas de repetição.

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales en la lucha contra las resistencias bacterianas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Malo, Sara; Jose Rabanaque, Mara; Bjerrum, Lars

2016-01-01

Introducción: El aumento de la resistencia a antibióticosrepresenta una amenaza para la salud pública al poner en riesgoel tratamiento futuro de las infecciones bacterianas. Este estudiotiene como objetivo describir el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones del Advisory Group on Integrated Surveilla......Introducción: El aumento de la resistencia a antibióticosrepresenta una amenaza para la salud pública al poner en riesgoel tratamiento futuro de las infecciones bacterianas. Este estudiotiene como objetivo describir el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones del Advisory Group on Integrated...... Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en España y Dinamarca, en cuanto al uso ambulatoriode Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA), así como analizarla relación entre éste y las resistencias bacterianas a ellos. Material y métodos: Los sistemas...... resistencias bacterianas, que son másmoderadas en Dinamarca. Introduction: Increasing antibiotic resistance represents a major public health threat that jeopardises the future treatment of bacterial infections. This study aims to describe the adherence to recommendations proposed by the World Health...

Music to Make Your Mouth Water? Assessing the Potential Influence of Sour Music on Salivation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qian J. Wang

2017-04-01

Full Text Available People robustly associate various sound attributes with specific smells/tastes, and soundtracks that are associated with specific tastes can influence people’s evaluation of the taste of food and drink. However, it is currently unknown whether such soundtracks directly impact the eating experience via physiological changes (an embodiment account, or whether they act at a higher cognitive level, or both. The present research assessed a version of the embodiment account, where a soundtrack associated with sourness is hypothesized to induce a physiological response in the listener by increasing salivary flow. Salivation was measured while participants were exposed to three different experimental conditions – a sour soundtrack, a muted lemon video showing a man eating a lemon, and a silent baseline condition. The results revealed that salivation during the lemon video condition was significantly greater than in the sour soundtrack and baseline conditions. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between salivation levels in the sour soundtrack compared to the baseline condition. These results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms underlying the auditory modulation of taste perception/evaluation.

Infecção bacteriana no paciente cirrótico

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Mattos Angelo A. de

2003-01-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: Em torno de 30% dos pacientes com cirrose hepática apresentam infecção bacteriana na admissão hospitalar ou a desenvolvem durante a mesma. As infecções bacterianas são responsáveis por até 25% das mortes nesta população de pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de infecção bacteriana em uma população de pacientes cirróticos internados em hospital geral, bem como correlacionar sua presença com a etiologia alcoólica da hepatopatia, com o grau de comprometimento da função hepática e com a presença de hemorragia digestiva alta. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas retrospectivamente 541 internações hospitalares consecutivas em 426 pacientes com cirrose hepática, internados no período de 1992 a 2000. A média de idade destes pacientes foi de 50,5 anos (15-95, sendo 71,2% do sexo masculino. Etiologia alcoólica da hepatopatia esteve presente em 35,4% dos pacientes. Alta ou óbito do paciente no período da internação hospitalar foi considerado como principal desfecho. O nível de significância considerado na análise estatística foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: As infecções bacterianas ocorreram em 25% dos cirróticos (135 episódios. Destas, as mais freqüentes foram: a infecção do trato urinário em 31,1%, a peritonite bacteriana espontânea em 25,9% e a broncopneumonia em 25,2%. Ocorreu associação de infecção urinária e broncopneumonia em 3,7% e infecção de pele e tecido celular subcutâneo em 11,11%. Bacteremia sem foco definido ocorreu nos quatro casos restantes (2,9%. Houve associação da presença de infecção com a etiologia alcoólica da hepatopatia, com a classificação de Child-Pugh e com a ocorrência de hemorragia digestiva alta. A mortalidade hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes infectados (8,9%, estando a mesma associada ao grau de disfunção hepatocelular. CONCLUSÕES: A ocorrência de infecção bacteriana no paciente cirrótico hospitalizado é freqüente e correlaciona-se com a

Biofertilizantes no controle da mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas spp.) do tomateiro

OpenAIRE

Rodrigues,Vinícius William Borges; Bueno,Thays Vieira; Tebaldi,Nilvanira Donizete

2016-01-01

RESUMO A mancha bacteriana do tomateiro, causada por quatro espécies de Xanthomonas pode provocar perdas significativas na produção da cultura e a utilização de biofertilizantes na proteção de plantas tende a reduzir a incidência de doenças. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos biofertilizantes no controle preventivo e curativo da mancha bacteriana do tomateiro. Para o controle preventivo da doença, plantas de tomate cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, com 3 a 4 folhas foram pulverizadas com...

Associations of the vaginal microbiota with HIV infection, bacterial vaginosis, and demographic factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Chehoud, Christel; Stieh, Daniel J; Bailey, Aubrey G; Laughlin, Alice L; Allen, Shannon A; McCotter, Kerrie L; Sherrill-Mix, Scott A; Hope, Thomas J; Bushman, Frederic D

2017-04-24

We sought to investigate the effects of HIV infection on the vaginal microbiota and associations with treatment and demographic factors. We thus compared vaginal microbiome samples from HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women collected at two Chicago area hospitals. We studied vaginal microbiome samples from 178 women analyzed longitudinally (n = 324 samples) and collected extensive data on clinical status and demographic factors. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the bacterial lineages present, then UniFrac, Shannon diversity, and other measures to compare community structure with sample metadata. Differences in microbiota measures were modest in the comparison of HIV+ and HIV- samples, in contrast to several previous studies, consistent with effective antiretroviral therapy. Proportions of healthy Lactobacillus species were not higher in HIV- patients overall, but were significantly higher when analyzed within each hospital in isolation. Rates of bacterial vaginosis were higher among African-American women and HIV+ women. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with higher frequency of HIV+. Unexpectedly, African-American women were more likely to switch bacterial vaginosis status between sampling times; switching was not associated with HIV+ status. The influence of HIV infection on the vaginal microbiome was modest for this cohort of well suppressed urban American women, consistent with effective antiretroviral therapy. HIV+ was found to be associated with bacterial vaginosis. Although bacterial vaginosis has previously been associated with HIV transmission, most of the women studied here became HIV+ many years before our test for bacterial vaginosis, thus implicating additional mechanisms linking HIV infection and bacterial vaginosis.

Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis

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Gita Eslami

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Background: Considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, respectively.Materials and Methods: 96 samples from women with bacterial vaginosis discharge referred to health centers dependent Shahid Beheshti University in 91-92 were taken by a gynecologist with a dacron swab and put in sterile tubes containing TSB broth and Thioglycollate broth and were immediately sent to the lab location in cold chain for the next stages of investigation. From Thioglycollate and TSB medium was cultured on blood agar and EMB and Palkam and Differential diagnosis environments, and then incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus were cultured in MRSA environment and were transfered to the lab. After purification of pathogenic bacteria, MIC methods and antibiogram, Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria is checked. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software v.16.Results: The results of this study show the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on some pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Entrococcus, Listeria monocytogenes and E.Coli. Microscopic examination of stained smears of the large number of Lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria showed reduced. The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge, history of drug use means of preventing pregnancy and douching, respectively, 61%, 55%, 42% and 13% respectively. Significant difference was observed between the use and non-use of IUD in women with bacterial vaginosis infection

Tratamento ambulatorial da endocardite bacteriana estreptocócica Tratamiento clínico de la endocarditis bacteriana estreptocócica Ambulatory treatment of streptococcal bacterial endocarditis

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Sirio Hassem Sobrinho

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A endocardite bacteriana é uma grave doença infecciosa cujo tratamento é tradicionalmente feito com o paciente internado. recebendo medicação intravenosa. A possibilidade de tratamento domiciliar ou ambulatorial. em casos estritamente selecionados. é atraente tanto do ponto de vista social quanto do econômico. Apresentamos o relato de 6 pacientes com diagnóstico de endocardite bacteriana por Streptococcus. tratados parcial ou integralmente em regime ambulatorial. Todos evoluíram sem complicações e com resolução completa do quadro infeccioso.La endocarditis bacteriana es una severa enfermedad infecciosa cuyo tratamiento se hace tradicionalmente con el paciente internado, recibiendo medicación intravenosa. La posibilidad de tratamiento domiciliar o clínico, en casos estrictamente seleccionados, es atractivo desde el punto de vista social como del económico. Presentamos el caso clínico de 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de endocarditis bacteriana por streptococcus, tratados parcial o integralmente en régimen ambulatorio. Todos evolucionaron sin complicaciones y con resolución completa del cuadro infeccioso.Bacterial endocarditis is a severe infectious disease. of which treatment is traditionally carried out in hospitalized patients through intravenous medication. The possibility of at-home or ambulatory treatment. for stringently selected cases. is attractive from the social as well as from the economic point of view. We report 6 patients with a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis caused by Streptococcus. treated partially or completely on an outpatient basis. All of them evolved without complications and presented complete resolution of the infection.

La placa bacteriana: conceptos básicos para el higienista bucodental

OpenAIRE

Poyato Ferrera, Manuel María; Segura-Egea, Juan J; Ríos-Santos, J.V.; Bullon, Pedro

2001-01-01

La placa bacteriana es el factor etiológico principal de las dos enfermedades bucodentales de mayor prevalencia, la caries y la enfermedad periodontal. El higienista bucodental y colaborador del odontoestomatólogo en la aplicación del programa de control de placa, debe conocer en profundidad la microbiología de la placa bacteriana dental, así como los mecanismos implicados en su patogenicidad cariogénica y periodontal, aspectos que se revisan a continuación. Dental plaque is the main etiol...

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Mengistie, Zemenu; Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash; Asrat, Daniel; Adera, Addis

2014-11-20

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common genital tract infections among reproductive age group. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis varies from country to country even in the same country it varies among populations of interest. Different social and sexual factors can contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and to identify the possible risk factors associated among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Randomly selected 57 symptomatic and 195 asymptomatic pregnant women aged between 18 and 40 years visiting obstetric and gynecological clinic from November 2011 to April 2012 screenedusing Gram stain Nugent scoring system. Statistical analysis like univariate analysis to calculate frequencies and proportions, bivariate analysis to see association of selected exposure variables with the outcome variable, and multivariate analysis to check the association of possible factors with bacterial vaginosis by adjusting potential confounding factors was calculated using SPSS (Version 16.0). The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 19.4% using Gram stain Nugent scoring system. In addition, prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 31.6% and 15.9% among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women respectively. A high percentage of bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women were asymptomatic (63.3%). 36.7% bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women reported abnormal vaginal discharge with or without unpleasant smell. Multiple lifetime sexual partner (OR: 8.6; 95% CI: 2.5, 29) and previous history of spontaneous abortion (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 23) had remained significantly associated with prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is higher among asymptomatic pregnant women and associated with the factors previous history of multiple lifetime sexual partner and spontaneous abortion.

Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents: proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial sialidase profile. Cross-sectional study

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Carolina Sanitá Tafner Ferreira

Full Text Available ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Bacterial vaginosis occurs frequently in pregnancy and increases susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STI. Considering that adolescents are disproportionally affected by STI, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cervicovaginal levels of interleukin (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and bacterial sialidase in pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at mother and child referral units in Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: Vaginal samples from 168 pregnant adolescents enrolled were tested for trichomoniasis and candidiasis. Their vaginal microbiota was classified according to the Nugent criteria (1991 as normal, intermediate or bacterial vaginosis. Cervical infection due to Chlamydia trachomatisand Neisseria gonorrhoeae was also assessed. Cytokine and sialidase levels were measured, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and MUAN conversion in cervicovaginal lavages. Forty-eight adolescents (28.6% were excluded because they tested positive for some of the infections investigated. The remaining 120 adolescents were grouped according to vaginal flora type: normal (n = 68 or bacterial vaginosis (n = 52. Their cytokine and sialidase levels were compared between the groups using the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05. RESULTS: The pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis had higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05. Sialidase was solely detected in 35 adolescents (67.2% with bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSIONS: Not only IL-1 beta and sialidase levels, but also IL-6 and IL-8 levels are higher in pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis, thus indicating that this condition elicits a more pronounced inflammatory response in this population, which potentially increases vulnerability to STI acquisition.

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

OpenAIRE

Mengistie, Zemenu; Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash; Asrat, Daniel; Adera, Addis

2014-01-01

Background Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common genital tract infections among reproductive age group. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis varies from country to country even in the same country it varies among populations of interest. Different social and sexual factors can contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and to identify the possible risk factors associated among pregnant women atten...

La evolución de la resistencia bacteriana en México, 1973-2013

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Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos es un problema de salud mundial. Las investigaciones relacionadas con este problema emergente son indispensables para reconocer y desarrollar programas para su vigilancia y control. Objetivo. Revisar y comentar las contribuciones de los investigadores mexicanos en el área de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica relacionada con la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos producida por investigadores mexicanos y registrada en Medline-PubMed entre 1973 y julio de 2013. Resultados. En 66 publicaciones, las contribuciones de investigadores mexicanos incluyeron datos sobre la resistencia de agentes patógenos entéricos como Salmonella Typhi, múltiples contribuciones sobre la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido, de metalobetalactamasas y de carbapenemasas, los mecanismos de resistencia en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y la evolución de la resistencia en cocos Gram positivos como Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus spp., entre otros. Conclusiones. Los datos publicados en los últimos 40 años son fuente adecuada para entender la evolución de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos y desarrollar programas para su control.

Salivation induced better lacrimal gland function in dry eyes.

Science.gov (United States)

Pramanik, T; Ghising, R

2009-12-01

The dry eye syndrome is a common eye symptom causing blurry vision. To meet the demand of the modem world students and professionals are compelled to expose themselves to the computer screen for long stretch of time, which is one of the causes of dry eye. It is not always feasible to instil eyes with artificial tears time to time to protect them from dryness. Rather to adopt any simple physiological process associated with optimum lacrimation is a better option to keep eyes moist during computer works. Volunteers (n = 22) having mild dry eyes participated in this study. Tear production was assessed by Schirmer test by keeping Schirmer strip on ocular surface for 5 minutes and recording the length of the moistened area. Then the subject was allowed to keep a piece of lopsy candy (a sour fruit pulp mixed with sugar that is sweet and sour in taste) in mouth for 5 minutes that caused salivation. During salivation, again tear production was assessed. [It was standardized in such a way that, the length of the moistened strip will be 25 - 30 mm for normal eyes, 15 - 10 mm for dry eye, 06 - 10 mm for mild dry eye, 02 - 05 mm for moderate dryness and 00 - 01 mm for severe dry eye.] Tear production was found to be increased significantly (supported by increased length of moistened area of Schirmer strip) during salivation especially in dry eye in all volunteers. The lacrimal gland is the major contributor to the aqueous layer of the tear film which consists of water, electrolytes and proteins; secretion of which are under tight neural control. Anticholinergic agents play an important role in ocular dryness because of hypo-secretion. The sensory root of facial nucleus contains efferent preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for submandibular and sublingual salivary gland and lacrimal gland. The sensory root conveys gustatory fibers from the presulcul area (anterior two-third) of the tongue via the chorda tympani and via the palatine and greater petrosal nerve, taste fibers from

Bacterial vaginosis diagnosed by analysis of first-void-urine specimens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Datcu, Raluca; Gesink, Dionne; Mulvad, Gert

2014-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is traditionally diagnosed using vaginal samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BV can be diagnosed from first-void urine (FVU). Self-collected vaginal smears, vaginal swabs, and FVU were obtained from 176 women. BV was diagnosed by Nugent's criteria....... The FVU and vaginal swabs were analyzed by quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) for selected vaginal bacteria (Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2, Eggerthella-like bacterium, "Leptotrichia amnionii," Megasphaera type 1), and all had an area under...

Study of prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in preterm and term labour

OpenAIRE

Deepa Masand; Deepshikha Melkani

2016-01-01

Background: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women with preterm and term labour and to analyze the causal relationship of bacterial vaginosis with preterm labour. Methods: An observational study conducted on 100 patients reporting at labour room in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of NIMS Medical College and hospital, between November 2013 to June 2014 involving 50 patients with preterm and 50 with term labour. Results: Pat...

Prevalencia de microorganismos asociados a secreción genital femenina, Argentina

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Di Bartolomeo Susana

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Hay un aumento significativo de pacientes con Secreción Genital Femenina, en el Sector Público del gran Buenos Aires. Fue necesario actualizar la prevalencia de los microorganismos asociados a los efectos de revisar el apoyo necesario de laboratorio y ajustar las medidas de prevención y control. MÉTODOS: Se incorporan a este estudio, la totalidad de los casos atendidos (1997-1998: 84 adolescentes (15 a 19 años y 784 adultas (20 a 60 años sintomáticas. El protocolo incluye (secreción vaginal y endocervical detección de Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp y vaginosis bacteriana. Aplicando métodos específicos directos y cultivo, Chlamydia trachomatis (detección de antígeno, Ureaplasma urealitycum y Mycoplasma hominis (cultivos fueron estudiados en parte de la población total. RESULTADOS: El aumento de la demanda de consulta fue continuo desde 1997 y aumentó 2.10 veces del primero al último semestre de 1998. En las mujeres adultas se encontró: vaginosis bacteriana, 23,8%; Candida spp 17,8%; S. agalactiae 5,6%; T. vaginalis 2,4%. En 50,3% no se detecto ninguno. En adolescentes se detectó: vaginosis bacteriana, 17,8%; Candida spp 29,7%; S. agalactiae 3,6%, T. vaginalis 2,4%: En 46,4% de los casos el resultado fue negativo. En el grupo de mujeres adultas sintomáticas, no en la totalidad, se detectó: C. trachomatis (7/400 1,76%, U. urealyticum (209/340 61,4% y M. hominis (45/272 16,5%. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento significativo de consultas se debe a problemas sociales en la población, no al aumento de ninguna patología en especial. Impacta como problema clínico concreto la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana y Candida spp. Llama la atención, la nula incidencia de N. gonorrhoeae y la baja circulación de T. Vaginalis y C. trachomatis, en este tipo de población. La prevalencia de U. urealyticum y M. hominis es alta, pero su real participación en la patología genital de

Prevalencia de microorganismos asociados a secreción genital femenina, Argentina

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Susana Di Bartolomeo

2002-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Hay un aumento significativo de pacientes con Secreción Genital Femenina, en el Sector Público del gran Buenos Aires. Fue necesario actualizar la prevalencia de los microorganismos asociados a los efectos de revisar el apoyo necesario de laboratorio y ajustar las medidas de prevención y control. MÉTODOS: Se incorporan a este estudio, la totalidad de los casos atendidos (1997-1998: 84 adolescentes (15 a 19 años y 784 adultas (20 a 60 años sintomáticas. El protocolo incluye (secreción vaginal y endocervical detección de Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp y vaginosis bacteriana. Aplicando métodos específicos directos y cultivo, Chlamydia trachomatis (detección de antígeno, Ureaplasma urealitycum y Mycoplasma hominis (cultivos fueron estudiados en parte de la población total. RESULTADOS: El aumento de la demanda de consulta fue continuo desde 1997 y aumentó 2.10 veces del primero al último semestre de 1998. En las mujeres adultas se encontró: vaginosis bacteriana, 23,8%; Candida spp 17,8%; S. agalactiae 5,6%; T. vaginalis 2,4%. En 50,3% no se detecto ninguno. En adolescentes se detectó: vaginosis bacteriana, 17,8%; Candida spp 29,7%; S. agalactiae 3,6%, T. vaginalis 2,4%: En 46,4% de los casos el resultado fue negativo. En el grupo de mujeres adultas sintomáticas, no en la totalidad, se detectó: C. trachomatis (7/400 1,76%, U. urealyticum (209/340 61,4% y M. hominis (45/272 16,5%. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento significativo de consultas se debe a problemas sociales en la población, no al aumento de ninguna patología en especial. Impacta como problema clínico concreto la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana y Candida spp. Llama la atención, la nula incidencia de N. gonorrhoeae y la baja circulación de T. Vaginalis y C. trachomatis, en este tipo de población. La prevalencia de U. urealyticum y M. hominis es alta, pero su real participación en la patología genital de

Bacterial vaginosis among African American women who have sex with women.

Science.gov (United States)

Muzny, Christina A; Sunesara, Imran R; Austin, Erika L; Mena, Leandro A; Schwebke, Jane R

2013-09-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a frequent cause of vaginal discharge that may be more common among women reporting sex with women (WSW). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BV and predictors of infection among a sample of African American WSW. African American WSW aged 18 years or older presenting to the Mississippi State Department of Health STD Clinic between 2009 and 2010 and reporting a history of sexual activity with a female partner during the preceding year were invited to participate. A survey on sexual history and sexual behavior characteristics was completed. Bacterial vaginosis was defined by Amsel criteria. Associations with participant characteristics were determined using logistic regression analysis. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 93 (47.4%) of 196 women. Bisexual identity (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.66; P = 0.04), douching within the past 30 days (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.09-3.43; P = 0.02), age 18 years or less at first sexual encounter with a female partner (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.16-8.71; P = 0.02), and report of more than 1 lifetime male sexual partners (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.01-3.74; P = 0.04) were significant predictors of BV in bivariate analysis. Bacterial vaginosis was less common among women who reported more than 1 lifetime female sexual partner (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.76; P = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, age 18 years or less at first sex with a female partner approached significance, while report of 1 lifetime female sexual partner remained strongly associated with BV. Bacterial vaginosis was common in this sample of African American WSW and significantly associated with report of 1 lifetime female sexual partner.

Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated From Women With Bacterial Vaginosis

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Eslami

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Background Considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis. Materials and Methods Ninety-six samples were obtained from vaginal discharge of women with bacterial vaginosis by a gynecologist with a Dacron swab and put in sterile tubes containing TSB broth and Thioglycollate broth. Then were immediately sent to the laboratory in cold chain for further assessment. Afterward, culture was transferred on blood agar, EMB, Palcam and differential diagnosis environments. Then cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. Lactobacillus reuteri strains were cultured in MRS environment and transferred to laboratory. After purification of pathogenic bacteria, Lactobacillus reuteri inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC and antibiogram. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software v.16. Results The results of this study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on some pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus, Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli. Microscopic examination of stained smears of most Lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria showed reduced. The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge, history of drug use, contraceptive methods and douching were 61%, 55%, 42% and 13%, respectively. Significant difference was observed between the use and non-use of IUD in women with bacterial. Conclusions Our findings indicated the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on pathogenic bacteria that

Meningites bacterianas no lactente aspectos neurológicos

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M. Valeriana L. de Moura-Ribeiro

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Aspectos clínicos, neurológicos e laboratoriais das meningites bacterianas agudas no lactente são criticamente analisados em função da experiência da autora. São apresentadas considerações fisiopatológicas sobre os eventos que ocorrem na fase aguda desses processos.

Few microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis may constitute the pathologic core

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thorsen, Poul; Jensen, Inge Panum; Jeune, Bernard

1998-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between various microorganisms isolated from the genital tract in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study among pregnant women addressed at their first antenatal visit before 24 full gestational weeks......) between the microorganisms isolated from the lower genital tract in pregnant women with and without clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred ninety-six (3596) pregnant women were asked to participate. Of the 3596 pregnant women 3174 (88.4%) agreed to participate...

Escova dental e dedeira na remoção da placa bacteriana dental em cães

OpenAIRE

Lima,Tânia Berbert Ferreira; Eurides,Duvaldo; Rezende,Renata Junqueira; Milken,Vanessa Martins Fayad; Silva,Luiz Antonio Franco da; Fioravanti,Maria Clorinda Soares

2004-01-01

A placa bacteriana é fator primário na formação de gengivite, cálculo dentário, halitose e doença periodontal. Objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de placa bacteriana dental removida pela escova dental e dedeira. Foram utilizados 60 cães machos e fêmeas de diferentes raças, idade e peso, divididos em dois grupos. O índice Logan & Boyce foi utilizados para quantificar a placa bacteriana antes e após a escovação. Observou-se diferença estatística (p0,05) entre a utilização da escova dental e ...

Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Women Complaining of Genital Tract Infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Bitew, Adane; Abebaw, Yeshiwork; Bekele, Delayehu; Mihret, Amete

2017-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis is a global concern due to the increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients between September 2015 and July 2016 at St. Paul's Hospital. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically and graded as per Nugent's procedure. Bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined. The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 48.6%. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with number of pants used per day ( p = 0.001) and frequency of vaginal bathing ( p = 0.045). Of 151 bacterial isolates, 69.5% were Gram-negative and 30.5% were Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Cefoxitin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-negative bacteria was high against tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Amikacin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-negative bacteria. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high and was affected by individual hygiene. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined.

Microbiological and bioinformatics analysis of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with normal salivation§

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Huma Siddiqui

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Background: Reduced salivation is considered a major clinical feature of most but not all cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS. Reduced saliva flow may lead to changes in the salivary microbiota. These changes have mainly been studied with culture that typically recovers only 65% of the bacteria present. Objective: This study was to use high throughput sequencing, covering both cultivated and not-yet-cultivated bacteria, to assess the bacterial microbiota of whole saliva in pSS patients with normal salivation. Methods: Bacteria of whole unstimulated saliva from nine pSS patients with normal salivation flow and from nine healthy controls were examined by high throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region V1V2 of 16S rRNA using the 454 GS Junior system. Raw sequence reads were subjected to a species-level, reference-based taxonomy assignment pipeline specially designed for studying the human oral microbial community. Each of the sequence reads was BLASTN-searched against a database consisting of reference sequences representing 1,156 oral and 12,013 non-oral species. Unassigned reads were then screened for high-quality non-chimeras and subjected to de novo species-level operational taxonomy unit (OTU calling for potential novel species. Downstream analyses, including alpha and beta diversities, were analyzed using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME pipeline. To reveal significant differences between the microbiota of control saliva and Sjögren's saliva, a statistical method introduced in Metastats www.metastats.cbcb.umd.edu was used. Results: Saliva of pSS patients with normal salivation had a significantly higher frequency of Firmicutes compared with controls (p=0.004. Two other major phyla, Synergistetes and Spirochaetes, were significantly depleted in pSS (p=0.001 for both. In addition, we saw a nearly 17% decrease in the number of genera in pSS (25 vs. 30. While Prevotella was almost equally abundant in both

Diseño de planta piloto para producción de Celulosa Bacteriana

OpenAIRE

Guinea Nava, Maria

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo hace referencia al diseño de una planta piloto productiva de 1.350 kilogramos anuales de celulosa por fermentación bacteriana a partir de desperdicios de piña. Se ha hecho un estudio de las propiedades que tiene la celulosa bacteriana, las múltiples aplicaciones que tiene en diferentes industrias y la vía de obtención biológica a través de la bacteria con mejores resultados de producción, G. xylinus. Además, se expone el estado del arte de la producción de celulosa, los me...

Treatment for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tariq, N.; Basharat, A.; Fahim, A.

2017-01-01

Objective: To compare the efficacy of multiple doses of vaginal clindamycin with a single oral dose of secnidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa Foundation Community Health Center, from March 2012 till February 2015. Methodology: After obtaining written informed consent, a pelvic examination was performed for the confirmation of symptoms of milky white vaginal discharge on speculum examination, positive Amine test and presence of clue cells on microscopy. Pregnant women, known diabetes or any immunocompromised condition, were excluded. Blinding of the patient, doctor, and the pharmacist was done. Study cohort was then divided into two groups, Group A received medicine pack A which contained active clindamycin and placebo oral preparation, whereas group B was given pack B which contained active 2-gm secnidazole with placebo vaginal cream. Primary outcome and therapeutic success were defined by correction of two out of three (normal Nugent score, negative Amine test, and no milky white discharge) on day 15. Results: At 15th day of treatment, 96.6% participants in vaginal clindamycin group (Group A), recovered from the bacterial vaginosis; whereas, (group B) 23% patients were cured in oral secnidazole group. Conclusion: Multiple doses of vaginal clindamycin are superior to single dose of oral secnidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. (author)

Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Women Complaining of Genital Tract Infection

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Adane Bitew

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Bacterial vaginosis is a global concern due to the increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients between September 2015 and July 2016 at St. Paul’s Hospital. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically and graded as per Nugent’s procedure. Bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined. Results. The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 48.6%. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with number of pants used per day (p=0.001 and frequency of vaginal bathing (p=0.045. Of 151 bacterial isolates, 69.5% were Gram-negative and 30.5% were Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Cefoxitin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-negative bacteria was high against tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Amikacin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high and was affected by individual hygiene. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined.

Organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis in Nigerian women ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition with diverse etiology.This condition predisposes women to increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and preterm birth.The diagnostic methods currently adopted in the evaluation of patient samples ...

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among sexually active women ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial, superficial vaginal infection involving a reduction in the amount of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Common symptoms include increased fishy smelling vaginal discharge which is usually white or gray in color.

[Vaginitis and vaginosis. Comparison of two periods].

Science.gov (United States)

Ceruti, M; Canestrelli, M; Piantelli, G; Amone, F; Condemi, V; De Paolis, P; Ludovici, G; Somenzi, P

1993-10-01

Vaginitis is the most frequent gynecological disease. It is characterized by objective and subjective signs of inflammation and differs from bacterial vaginosis (BV) which is an abnormal condition of the vaginal ecosystem caused by the excessive growth of aerobic and anaerobic flora normally present in the vagina with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The authors report the results of a study carried out at the Centre for Gynecological Infections at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Parma. 828 patients were enrolled in the study during the period 1985-86 and 1559 patients during the two-year period 1991-92. The aim of the study was to evaluate variations in epidemiological data for vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in the two periods examined. No significant changes were observed (p > 0.05) with regard to the prevalence of Ca, Tv and BV forms. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction (p vaginitis and BV showed a reduction of other microorganisms and an increase in negative vaginal swabs in adults (> 20 years old).

The impact of mastication, salivation and food bolus formation on salt release during bread consumption.

Science.gov (United States)

Tournier, Carole; Grass, Manon; Septier, Chantal; Bertrand, Dominique; Salles, Christian

2014-11-01

Health authorities recommend higher fibre and lower salt content in bread products. However, these basic ingredients of bread composition are multifunctional, and important changes in their content influence the texture, flavour and acceptability of the product. This study was designed to investigate the link between oral processing, bolus formation and sodium release during the consumption of four different breads that varied in composition and structure. Chewing behaviour was determined by surface electromyography, and salivation was quantified from the water content of the boluses collected. The kinetics of bread degradation during food bolus formation was characterised by measuring the bolus heterogeneity by texture image analysis, and sodium release into the saliva was quantified. Mastication and salivation varied between products and between subjects, thus highlighting different bolus formation strategies. In vivo salt release was mainly explained by mastication parameters. The initial slope of sodium release increased when the chewing muscles' activity increased, and the maximum sodium concentration was reached later when more masticatory cycles were required to reach the swallowing point.

Quantitative studies on the vaginal flora of asymptomatic women and patients with vaginitis and vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Hammann, R; Kronibus, A; Lang, N; Werner, H

1987-07-01

Vaginal washings of 22 patients with vaginitis, 11 with vaginosis, and 12 healthy subjects were investigated quantitatively and qualitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeasts. Gardnerella vaginalis was recovered from 9 of the vaginitis patients, 7 of the vaginosis patients, and 4 of the asymptomatic subjects. Obligate anaerobes were found in 11 of the vaginitis patients, 4 of the vaginosis patients, and none of the control subjects. Bacteroides bivius was the anaerobe most frequently isolated from symptomatic subjects. Anaerobic vibrios were recovered twice from symptomatic subjects. The counts for Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes when present were generally very high. The most frequent aerobes were beta-hemolytic streptococci (group B) and staphylococci.

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women in Maiduguri ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: This study determined the prevalence and socio‑demographic characteristics of bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women with abnormal vaginal discharge. Study Design: Descriptive cross‑sectional study. Setting: University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: Vaginal swab samples ...

Vulvovaginitis: correlación con factores predisponentes, aspectos clínicos y estudios microbiológicos Vulvovaginitis: correlation with predisposing factors, clinical manifestations and microbiological studies

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S. Fosch

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Las vaginitis (V y vaginosis bacterianas (VB constituyen uno de los principales motivos de consultas ginecológicas. El objeto de este trabajo fue analizar muestras de flujos vaginales para identificar la etiología infecciosa y su relación con factores predisponentes asociados (dispositivos intrauterinos, anticonceptivos orales, preservativos y antibióticos previos, y con signos y síntomas. Entre el 1/11/01 y el 30/10/03 se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con 400 mujeres en edad reproductiva y no embarazadas, en un rango de edad de 15 a 55 años. En el laboratorio se analizó el contenido vaginal mediante examen en fresco, coloraciones (Gram y Giemsa y cultivo. Interpretación: 1 normales (sin alteraciones manifiestas y sin detección de los agentes infecciosos estudiados, 2 infecciosos (con alteraciones manifiestas: vaginosis bacteriana (VB, candidiasis vaginal (CV y tricomoniasis (TC, 3 desequilibrio de la ecología vaginal (con alteraciones intermedias (D. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: 1 normales, 209 (52,2%; 2 infecciosos, 115 (28,8%, los que incluyeron: VB, 13,5%; CV, 12,5%; TC, 2,8%; y 3 desequilibrio de la ecología vaginal, 76 (19%. La vaginosis bacteriana y los desequilibrios de la flora se asociaron con la utilización de dispositivos intrauterinos, y la candidiasis con el uso de anticonceptivos orales y tratamiento antibiótico previo. Las pacientes con candidiasis vaginal y tricomoniasis presentaron mayor porcentaje de síntomas.Vaginitis (V and bacterial vaginosis (BV are one of the most common reasons the middle class patient has to consult a gynaecologist. The purpose of this work is to analyse samples of vaginal fluid targeting the infection etiology and its relationship to related factors: (intrauterine devices, contraceptive pills, condoms, use of antibiotics, symptoms and signs. From November 1, 2001 to October 30, 2003, a cross-section study was carried out of 400 nonpregnant, sexually active women in an age

Categorías de riesgo de meningitis bacteriana y tratamiento con antibióticos en neonatos con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo

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Manuel Díaz Álvarez

Full Text Available Introducción: recientemente se desarrolló y validó el Modelo de Predicción de Meningitis Bacteriana Neonatal, lo cual provee de una herramienta efectiva en la toma de decisiones médicas para la indicación de tratamiento antibiótico ante un neonato con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Objetivo: conocer cómo se procedió retrospectivamente con la indicación de tratamiento antibiótico en neonatos con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo, antes de desarrollar el modelo mencionado, y fortalecer y fundamentar una estrategia del tratamiento antibiótico, basados en nuestro Modelo de Predicción de Meningitis Bacteriana Neonatal, ante un neonato con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo y aplicado, que incluyó 290 neonatos evaluados por probable infección, 44 con meningitis bacteriana y 246 con meningitis aséptica, ingresados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico "Juan Manuel Márquez", entre febrero/1992 y diciembre/2009. Se verificó la efectividad del Modelo de Predicción de Meningitis Bacteriana Neonatal, lo que permitió clasificar los pacientes en alto o bajo riesgo de meningitis bacteriana. Se determinó retrospectivamente la indicación y los motivos de tratamiento antibiótico ante un neonato con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo, así como análisis de asociación para distintas circunstancias clínicas, entre ellas, la clasificación de riesgo de infección bacteriana severa. Resultados: se precisó que el Modelo de Predicción de Meningitis Bacteriana Neonatal tuvo una sensibilidad y valor predictivo negativo de 100 % para meningitis bacteriana. Hubo concordancia estadísticamente significativa entre la predicción por el modelo y la clasificación de riesgo de infección bacteriana severa. Se comprobó un uso racional del tratamiento antibiótico, pues se utilizó de inmediato al diagnóstico de meningitis bacteriana en 100 % de los casos, y solo en

Administração endovenosa de antibióticos e resistência bacteriana: responsabilidade da enfermagem

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Heloisa Helena Karnas Hoefel

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O sucesso da terapêutica com antibióticos e o desenvolvimento da resistência bacteriana dependem de diversos fatores, sendo que os relacionados ao cuidado de enfermagem são o seu preparo e a sua administração. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre falhas na administração de antibióticos analisando sua possível influência na resistência bacteriana. Delineamento: realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica das fontes do LILACS e Medline. Métodos: realizada revisão bibliográfica sistematizada com pesquisa de artigos de 1994 a 2005 na Internet usando-se os seguintes descritores juntamente com enfermagem: resistência bacteriana, controle de antibióticos, infecções hospitalares, administração de medicamentos, erros de medicações e eventos adversos. Foram selecionados 58 artigos que apresentaram correlação com a enfermagem e/ou eram básicos na fundamentação brasileira ou internacional. Resultados: Foram descritos aspectos gerais sobre a resistência bacteriana, antibióticos e custos incluindo estratégias para prevenção da resistência e classificações de erros utilizadas internacionalmente. Conclusões: Baseado nesse conhecimento são recomendadas intervenções para implementação do cuidado de enfermagem prático e seguro.

[Bacterial vaginosis and trichomononiasis. Fundamental world guidelines on management and therapy of the patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Gomberg, M A

2013-01-01

The vaginal discharge is one of the most frequent symptoms requiring medical advise. Vaginal discharges are mainly associated with three diseases: bacterial vaginosis, trichomononiasis and candidiasis. The review is concerned with up-to-date approaches to the treatment of females with bacterial vaginosis and trichomononiasis, diseases different by the etiology and pathogenesis, but at the same time similar with respect to the treatment. The analysis is in compliance with the principles of the two fundamental world guidelines.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

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Rita Elizabeth Moreira Mascarenhas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and genital candidiasis are considered the main etiologies of vulvovaginitis. Few studies estimate the prevalence of vulvovaginitis among adolescents, especially in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and main risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis and genital infection by C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis among a group of adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. One hundred sexually active adolescents followed at an adolescent gynecology clinic were included. Endocervical and vaginal samples were obtained during gynecological examination. Nugent criteria were applied for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. For Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis detection, culture in Sabouraud agar plates and Papanicolaou cytology were used, respectively. The mean age of participants was 16.6±1.6 years. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 20% (95% CI 12–28 and of genital infection by Candida was 22% (95% CI 14–30. Vaginal cytology detected Trichomonas vaginalis in one patient. Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use (P=0.02 and multiple lifetime partners were statistically related to bacterial vaginosis (P=0.01. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and genital candidiasis was similar to other studies carried out among adolescents worldwide.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Moreira Mascarenhas, Rita Elizabeth; Sacramento Cunha Machado, Márcia; Borges da Costa e Silva, Bruno Fernando; Fernandes Weyll Pimentel, Rodrigo; Teixeira Ferreira, Tatiana; Silva Leoni, Fernanda Maria; Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios

2012-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and genital candidiasis are considered the main etiologies of vulvovaginitis. Few studies estimate the prevalence of vulvovaginitis among adolescents, especially in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and main risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis and genital infection by C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis among a group of adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. One hundred sexually active adolescents followed at an adolescent gynecology clinic were included. Endocervical and vaginal samples were obtained during gynecological examination. Nugent criteria were applied for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. For Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis detection, culture in Sabouraud agar plates and Papanicolaou cytology were used, respectively. The mean age of participants was 16.6 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 20% (95% CI 12–28) and of genital infection by Candida was 22% (95% CI 14–30). Vaginal cytology detected Trichomonas vaginalis in one patient. Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use (P = 0.02) and multiple lifetime partners were statistically related to bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.01). The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and genital candidiasis was similar to other studies carried out among adolescents worldwide. PMID:23133306

Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Donders, Gilbert G G; Vereecken, Annie; Bosmans, Eugene; Dekeersmaecker, Alfons; Salembier, Geert; Spitz, Bernard

2002-01-01

To define an entity of abnormal vaginal flora: aerobic vaginitis. Observational study. University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. 631 women attending for routine prenatal care or attending vaginitis clinic. Samples were taken for fresh wet mount microscopy of vaginal fluid, vaginal cultures and measurement of lactate, succinate and cytokine levels in vaginal fluid. Smears deficient in lactobacilli and positive for clue cells were considered to indicate a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Aerobic vaginitis was diagnosed if smears were deficient in lactobacilli, positive for cocci or coarse bacilli, positive for parabasal epithelial cells, and/or positive for vaginal leucocytes (plus their granular aspect). Genital complaints include red inflammation, yellow discharge, vaginal dyspareunia. Group B streptococci, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and trichomonas vaginalis are frequently cultured. Vaginal lactate concentration is severely depressed in women with aerobic vaginitis, as in bacterial vaginosis, but vaginal succinate is not produced. Also in contrast to bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis produces a host immune response that leads to high production of interleukin-6, interleukin-1-beta and leukaemia inhibitory factor in the vaginal fluid. Aerobic vaginitis is associated with aerobic micro-organisms, mainly group B streptococci and E. coli. Its characteristics are different from those of bacterial vaginosis and elicit an important host response. The most severe form of aerobic vaginitis equals desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. In theory, aerobic vaginitis may be a better candidate than bacterial vaginosis as the cause of pregnancy complications, such as ascending chorioamnionitis, preterm rupture of the membranes and preterm delivery.

Lactic Acid Bacterial Vaginosis among Outpatients in Addis Ababa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial syndrome in which a decrease in vaginal acidity and concentration of lactobacilli is accompanied by an increase of other pathogenic micro-organisms. The distribution of lactic acid bacteria in vaginal environment of Ethiopian women has not been documented.

Anaerobes in bacterial vaginosis

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Aggarwal A

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Four hundred high vaginal swabs were taken from patients attending gynaecology and obstetrics department of Govt. medical college, Amritsar. The patients were divided into four groups i.e. women in pregnancy (Group I, in labour/post partum (Group II, with abnormal vaginal discharge or bacterial vaginosis (Group III and asymptomatic women as control (Group IV. Anaerobic culture of vaginal swabs revealed that out of 400 cases, 212(53% were culture positive. Maximum isolation of anaerobes was in group III (84% followed by group II (56%, group I (36% and control group (15%. Gram positive anaerobes (69.2% out numbered gram negatives (30.8%. Among various isolates Peptostreptococcus spp. and Bacteroides spp. were predominant.

Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Women Complaining of Genital Tract Infection

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Bitew, Adane; Abebaw, Yeshiwork; Bekele, Delayehu; Mihret, Amete

2017-01-01

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is a global concern due to the increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients between September 2015 and July 2016 at St. Paul’s Hospital. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically and graded as per Nugent’s procedure. Bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis were cha...

Administração endovenosa de antibióticos e resistência bacteriana : responsabilidade da enfermagem

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Hoefel, Heloisa Helena Karnas; Lautert, Liana

2006-01-01

O sucesso da terapêutica com antibióticos e o desenvolvimento da resistência bacteriana dependem de diversos fatores, sendo que os relacionados ao cuidado de enfermagem são o seu preparo e a sua administração. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre falhas na administração de antibióticos analisando sua possível influência na resistência bacteriana. Delineamento: realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica das fontes do LILACS e Medline. Métodos: realizada revisão bibliográfica sistematiz...

Optimitzación de la biosíntesis de nanocelulosa bacteriana por fermentación

OpenAIRE

García González, Alberto

2017-01-01

La cel·lulosa bacteriana és un biopolímer obtingut per fermentació amb diversos microorganismes, dels quals l’espècie més eficient en la producció és la Gluconacetobacter xylinus sucrofermentans. La principal diferencia entre la cel·lulosa bacteriana y la resta de cel·luloses que existeixen és la seva puresa, per això, és un del biopolímer més atractius per les seves possibles aplicacions en diverses àrees com són l’alimentació, la farmàcia i la medicina. A més de la seva puresa, les seves...

Correlación entre pH salival y caries dental en pacientes con Síndrome de Down que acuden a la Fundación Asistencial Armada Nacional, Guayaquil, Ecuador-2016

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Paola Contero Mejia

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio busca determinar la correlación entre pH salival y caries dental en pacientes con Síndrome de Down que acuden a la Fundación Asistencial Armada Nacional (FASAN-Guayaquil. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en pacientes Síndrome de Down con una muestra de 58 individuos entre las edades de 4 a 25 años de ambos géneros. Se realizó la medición del pH salival a través de tiras indicadoras de pH colocadas sublingualmente, diagnóstico de caries dental, índice de placa dental y encuestas de hábitos dietéticos a padres. Se observó que los pacientes con síndrome de Down, tuvieron un pH salival inicial neutro con un 50% pero sin gran diferencia al pH salival ácido con un 43%, al contrario el pH salival que se tomó después de 10 minutos de la ingesta de bebidas azucaradas, prevaleció el pH ácido con un 83% teniendo relación con la cantidad de caries encontradas en la muestra dentro de los rangos (bajo riesgo de caries 57% y moderado 22% y placa dental presente en un 59% con nivel 2 de placa dental. Encontramos más frecuente el riesgo de caries en el sexo masculino con 59% y el rango de edad más afectado fue de 12 a 18 años. Existe una estrecha relación entre el pH salival ácido y la caries presentes en boca ya que se encontró que todos los pacientes padecían de caries dental con una prevalencia entre los rangos bajo y moderado riego de caries, con un alto nivel de placa dental (nivel 2 de placa dental debiéndose principalmente a la poca higiene bucal por parte de ellos y sus familiares.

Interactions entre muqueuse orale, salive et molécules de la flaveur

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Ployon, Sarah

2016-01-01

Le rôle de la salive dans la perception sensorielle est de plus en plus reconnu, notamment par le biais des interactions physico-chimiques pouvant s’établir entre protéines salivaires et constituants alimentaires. Ce travail s’intéresse à la pellicule salivaire, la couche de protéines salivaires ancrées aux cellules épithéliales, et vise à caractériser les interactions pouvant s’établir d’une part entre ces protéines et épithélium oral, et d‘autre part entre ces protéines et les molécules de ...

‘Lactobacillus raoultii’ sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the vaginal flora of a woman with bacterial vaginosis

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B. Nicaise

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We report the isolation of a new bacterium species, ‘Lactobacillus raoultii’ strain Marseille P4006 (CSUR P4006, isolated from a vaginal sample of a 45-year-old woman with bacterial vaginosis. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis, culturomics, emerging bacteria, human microbiota, Lactobacillus raoultii, vaginal microbiota

Estudo prospectivo dos fatores de risco para complicações neurológicas na meningite bacteriana infantil

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Namani, Sadie; Milenković, Zvonko; Koci, Bulëza

2013-01-01

OBJETIVO: Análise prospectiva de fatores de prognóstico para complicações neurológicas da meningite bacteriana infantil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo recrutou 77 crianças de um mês a 16 anos de idade tratadas de meningite bacteriana durante o período de 1/1/2009 a 31/12/2010. Foram escolhidos 16 preditores relevantes para analisar sua associação com a incidência de complicações neurológicas. Valores P abaixo de 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Das 77 cr...

Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

van Schalkwyk, Julie; Yudin, Mark H

2015-03-01

To review the evidence and provide recommendations on screening for and management of vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. OUTCOMES evaluated include the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, cure rates for simple and complicated infections, and the implications of these conditions in pregnancy. Published literature was retrieved through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library in June 2013 using appropriate controlled vocabulary (e.g., vaginitis, trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis) and key words (bacterial vaginosis, yeast, candidiasis, trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis, vaginitis, treatment). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date limits, but results were limited to English or French language materials. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to May 2014. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and health technology-related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, and national and international medical specialty societies. The quality of evidence in this document was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1). Summary Statements 1. Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects 75% of women at least once. Topical and oral antifungal azole medications are equally effective. (I) 2. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is defined as 4 or more episodes per year. (II-2) 3. Trichomonas vaginalis is a common non-viral sexually transmitted infection that is best detected by antigen testing using vaginal swabs collected and evaluated by immunoassay or nucleic acid amplification test. (II-2) 4. Cure rates are equal at up to 88% for trichomoniasis treated with oral metronidazole 2 g once or 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. Partner treatment, even without

Prevalencia de microorganismos asociados a secreción genital femenina, Argentina Prevalence of associated microorganisms in genital discharge, Argentina

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Susana Di Bartolomeo

2002-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Hay un aumento significativo de pacientes con Secreción Genital Femenina, en el Sector Público del gran Buenos Aires. Fue necesario actualizar la prevalencia de los microorganismos asociados a los efectos de revisar el apoyo necesario de laboratorio y ajustar las medidas de prevención y control. MÉTODOS: Se incorporan a este estudio, la totalidad de los casos atendidos (1997-1998: 84 adolescentes (15 a 19 años y 784 adultas (20 a 60 años sintomáticas. El protocolo incluye (secreción vaginal y endocervical detección de Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp y vaginosis bacteriana. Aplicando métodos específicos directos y cultivo, Chlamydia trachomatis (detección de antígeno, Ureaplasma urealitycum y Mycoplasma hominis (cultivos fueron estudiados en parte de la población total. RESULTADOS: El aumento de la demanda de consulta fue continuo desde 1997 y aumentó 2.10 veces del primero al último semestre de 1998. En las mujeres adultas se encontró: vaginosis bacteriana, 23,8%; Candida spp 17,8%; S. agalactiae 5,6%; T. vaginalis 2,4%. En 50,3% no se detecto ninguno. En adolescentes se detectó: vaginosis bacteriana, 17,8%; Candida spp 29,7%; S. agalactiae 3,6%, T. vaginalis 2,4%: En 46,4% de los casos el resultado fue negativo. En el grupo de mujeres adultas sintomáticas, no en la totalidad, se detectó: C. trachomatis (7/400 1,76%, U. urealyticum (209/340 61,4% y M. hominis (45/272 16,5%. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento significativo de consultas se debe a problemas sociales en la población, no al aumento de ninguna patología en especial. Impacta como problema clínico concreto la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana y Candida spp. Llama la atención, la nula incidencia de N. gonorrhoeae y la baja circulación de T. Vaginalis y C. trachomatis, en este tipo de población. La prevalencia de U. urealyticum y M. hominis es alta, pero su real participación en la patología genital de

LIXIVIACION BACTERIANA EN REACTORES: RECUPERACION DE COBRE A PARTIR DE CONCENTRADOS SULFURADOS.

OpenAIRE

CASAS DE PRADA, JESUS MANUEL

1991-01-01

Se estudió la cinética de lixiviación química (estéril) y bacteriana (con Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) de dos concentrados sulfurados de cobre, utilizando como agente oxidante el sulfato férrico en ambos casos. Los concentrados fueron suministrados por las 167p.

Modulation of salivation and heartburn in response to the site of acid infusion in the human oesophagus.

Science.gov (United States)

Dutta, S K; Agrawal, K; Mahmoud, M A

2010-09-01

The pathogenesis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease includes increased acid reflux, reduced salivation and impaired peristalsis. This may depend upon the height of acid wave and magnitude of oesophageal mucosal exposure. Interestingly, the effect of site of acid infusion upon salivary secretion and heartburn has not been examined in any detail. To examine whether acid infusion in the upper oesophagus may cause increased salivation and heartburn as compared with acid infusion in the lower oesophagus. Twelve healthy male subjects (mean age 30) received infusions of HCl, citric acid and acetic acid at 10 and 20 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) for fixed time periods. Parotid saliva collected periodically and heartburn severity scored using standardized scale. Standard statistical methods (paired t-tests, analysis of variance) were used to determine the significance of results. Acid infusion in the upper oesophagus increased parotid flow rate as compared with that in the lower oesophagus (P heartburn score at 20 cm as well as 10 cm above LES (P heartburn in response to acid infusion in the upper vs. lower part of the oesophagus. 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis

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Deborah Money

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV is an extremely common health problem for women. In addition to the troublesome symptoms often associated with a disruption in the balance of vaginal flora, BV is associated with adverse gynecological and pregnancy outcomes. Although not technically a sexually transmitted infection, BV is a sexually associated condition. Diagnostic tests include real-time clinical/microbiological diagnosis, and the current gold standard, the standardized evaluation of morphotypes on Gram stain analysis. The inappropriate use of vaginal culture can be misleading. Future developments into molecular-based diagnostics will be important to further understand this complex endogenous flora disruption.

Método para prevenir y/o controlar infecciones bacterianas

OpenAIRE

Soto, María José; Nogales, Joaquina; Olivares Pascual, José; Sanjuán, Juan

2012-01-01

La presente invención se refiere a un método para prevenir y/o controlar infecciones bacterianas en una planta y/o cultivo, así como en productos (alimentos crudos, soluciones de lavado, material de uso hospitalario) e instalaciones susceptibles de contaminación por bacterias, mediante aplicación de metilcetonas alifáticas de cadena larga, fundamentalmente 2-tridecanona pero también 2- undecanona, 2-dodecanona, y 2-pentadecanona, en formas y concentraciones del orde...

Reactive arthritis induced by bacterial vaginosis: Prevention with an effective treatment

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Zohreh Aminzadeh

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We report a 42-year-old woman with reactive arthritis induced by bacterial vaginosis who presented with oligoarthritis with an additive form, arthralgia, and enthesitis. She hasn′t had a history of diarrhea or dysuria or vaginal secretion, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs. The laboratory tests were normal except for a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR. Her pelvic examination revealed homogeneous white grey and malodorous vaginal discharge on the vaginal wall and Pap smear and Gram-stained smear of vaginal swab was consistent with bacterial vaginosis. She responded to metronidazole therapy and her six-month follow up hasn′t shown recurrence of arthritis. As reactive arthritis (ReA is a paradigm of a rheumatic disease in which the initiating infectious cause is known, so early use of antimicrobial drugs may prevent the development of musculoskeletal symptoms which are triggered by infections.

Molecular assessment of bacterial vaginosis by Lactobacillus abundance and species diversity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.A.M. Dols (Joke); D. Molenaar (Douwe); van der Helm, J.J. (Jannie J.); Caspers, M.P.M. (Martien P.M.); Angelino-Bart, A.K. (Alie de Kat); F.H.J. Schuren (Frank); Speksnijder, A.G.C.L. (Adrianus G.C.L.); Westerhoff, H.V. (Hans V.); J.H. Richardus (Jan Hendrik); Boon, M.E. (Mathilde E.); G. Reid (Gregor); de Vries, H.J.C. (Henry J.C.); R. Kort (Remco)

2016-01-01

markdownabstract__Background:__ To date, women are most often diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV) using microscopy based Nugent scoring or Amsel criteria. However, the accuracy is less than optimal. The aim of the present study was to confirm the identity of known BV-associated composition

Study on types of vaginitis and association between bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection in pregnant women

OpenAIRE

Lamichhane, Pramila; Joshi, Dev Raj; Subedi, Yagya Prasad; Thapa, Rekha; Acharya, Ganesh Prasad; Lamsal, Apsana; Upadhaya, Sweety; Pokhrel, Sandip

2014-01-01

AbstractIntroduction:  Infectious vaginitis which includes bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis are common disorder in women.  Both vaginitis and Urinary Tract Infection during pregnancy have risk to lives of both the mother and fetus. Present study was done to assess type of vaginitis and to evaluate the risk of urinary tract infections in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis.Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study of 230 pregnant women was done from 1st Jul...

Microbiota bacteriana asociada al papel moneda de circulación en Colombia

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Pilar Ximena Lizarazo-Medina

Full Text Available Resumen Diariamente los seres humanos están en interacción con objetos de uso continuo, como el papel moneda, sin el conocimiento de que estos almacenan microorganismos y de que nos exponemos al contacto con potenciales patógenos. La composición de la comunidad bacteriana en un billete colombiano fue determinada mediante el secuenciamiento profundo de librerías de amplicones 16S. Se encontraron 233 géneros bacterianos; 12 de estos géneros corresponden a especies con potencial patogénico. El género más abundante fue Propionibacterium, seguido de Streptococcus, Staphylococcus Pseudomonas . Este es el primer reporte de la diversidad bacteriana que puede ser alojada en este objeto de alta circulación en Colombia. Pocos estudios en el mundo han mostrado este nivel de detalle de la microbiota en billetes de circulación y ofrece un panorama mucho más amplio de la exposición diaria a microorganismos al utilizar papel moneda en las condiciones en las que se utiliza en Colombia.

Bacterial vaginosis (clue cell-positive discharge) : diagnostic, ultra-structural and therapeutic aspects

NARCIS (Netherlands)

W.I. van der Meijden (Willem)

1987-01-01

textabstractThis thesis deals with several aspects of (abnormal) vaginal discharge, focusing especially on clue cell-positive discharge (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis). It reports data on epidemiology and clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of this vaginal disease entity,

[Ecological treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis with Bio-three].

Science.gov (United States)

Chimura, T

1998-12-01

Ecological treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis with a Bio-three was studied, and the following results were obtained. 1. A total of 16 women with bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis were treated with intravaginal application of 2 g of Bio-three (E. faecalis T-110, C. butyricum TO-A, B. mesentericus TO-A, pH 6.9 +/- 0.3). The effect of the treatment was evaluated 3 days after administration by monitoring the vaginal discharge and bacteriological assessment. 2. The clinical improvement was evaluated and the decreases of vaginal discharge and vaginal redness were significant and vaginal pH was lowered significantly (5.29 +/- 0.24 vs. 4.31 +/- 0.37, p vaginal discharge 35 strains of bacteria were detected, but 3 days after administration, 16/30 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 strains of Gram-negative bacteria disappeared. As for the overall bacteriological effects, 7/16 cases were eradicated, 1 case was partly eradicated, 6 cases were replaced. These findings indicated that the Bio-three therapy was effective in both clinical and bacteriological responses.

Direct Evidence of Egestion and Salivation of Xylella fastidiosa Suggests Sharpshooters Can Be "Flying Syringes".

Science.gov (United States)

Backus, Elaine A; Shugart, Holly J; Rogers, Elizabeth E; Morgan, J Kent; Shatters, Robert

2015-05-01

Xylella fastidiosa is unique among insect-transmitted plant pathogens because it is propagative but noncirculative, adhering to and multiplying on the cuticular lining of the anterior foregut. Any inoculation mechanism for X. fastidiosa must explain how bacterial cells exit the vector's stylets via the food canal and directly enter the plant. A combined egestion-salivation mechanism has been proposed to explain these unique features. Egestion is the putative outward flow of fluid from the foregut via hypothesized bidirectional pumping of the cibarium. The present study traced green fluorescent protein-expressing X. fastidiosa or fluorescent nanoparticles acquired from artificial diets by glassy-winged sharpshooters, Homalodisca vitripennis, as they were egested into simultaneously secreted saliva. X. fastidiosa or nanoparticles were shown to mix with gelling saliva to form fluorescent deposits and salivary sheaths on artificial diets, providing the first direct, conclusive evidence of egestion by any hemipteran insect. Therefore, the present results strongly support an egestion-salivation mechanism of X. fastidiosa inoculation. Results also support that a column of fluid is transiently held in the foregut without being swallowed. Evidence also supports (but does not definitively prove) that bacteria were suspended in the column of fluid during the vector's transit from diet to diet, and were egested with the held fluid. Thus, we hypothesize that sharpshooters could be true "flying syringes," especially when inoculation occurs very soon after uptake of bacteria, suggesting the new paradigm of a nonpersistent X. fastidiosa transmission mechanism.

Sensitive Detection of Thirteen Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Agents Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Natália Malaguti

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV is characterized by a polymicrobial proliferation of anaerobic bacteria and depletion of lactobacilli, which are components of natural vaginal microbiota. Currently, there are limited conventional methods for BV diagnosis, and these methods are time-consuming, expensive, and rarely allow for the detection of more than one agent simultaneously. Therefore, we conceived and validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR assay for the simultaneous screening of thirteen bacterial vaginosis-associated agents (BV-AAs related to symptomatic BV: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, Mobiluncus mulieris, Bacteroides fragilis, Mycoplasma hominis, Atopobium vaginae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Megasphaera type I, Clostridia-like bacteria vaginosis-associated bacteria (BVABs 1, 2, and 3, Sneathia sanguinegens, and Mycoplasma genitalium. The overall validation parameters of M-PCR compared to single PCR (sPCR were extremely high, including agreement of 99.1% and sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of 100.0%, negative predictive value of 97.0%, accuracy of 99.3%, and agreement with Nugent results of 100.0%. The prevalence of BV-AAs was very high (72.6%, and simultaneous agents were detected in 53.0%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the M-PCR assay. Therefore, the M-PCR assay has great potential to impact BV diagnostic methods in vaginal samples and diminish associated complications in the near future.

Are previous episodes of bacterial vaginosis a predictor for vaginal symptoms in breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gade, Malene R; Goukasian, Irina; Panduro, Nathalie

2018-01-01

Objective To estimate the prevalence of vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women with breast cancer exposed to aromatase inhibitors, and to investigate if the risk of vaginal symptoms is associated with previous episodes of bacterial vaginosis. Methods Patients from Rigshospitalet and Herlev...... University Hospital, Denmark, were identified through the register of Danish Breast Cancer Cooperation Group and 78 patients participated in the study. Semiquantitave questionnaires and telephone interview were used to assess the prevalence of vaginal symptoms and previous episode(s) of bacterial vaginosis....... Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between vaginal symptoms and previous episodes of bacterial vaginosis. Results Moderate to severe symptoms due to vaginal itching/irritation were experienced by 6.4% (95% CI: 2.8-14.1%), vaginal dryness by 28.4% (95% CI: 19...

Association between Folic Acid and Zinc Concentration with Incidence of Bacterial Vaginosis in The First Trimester of Pregnancy

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Noroyono Wibowo

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV in pregnancy is associated with the increase of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. One of the multifactorial causes of BV is thechange in vaginal immunity. Malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, increases the vulnerability toinfections. This study aim to investigate the association between folic acid and zinc concentration with theincidence of bacterial vaginosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. This descriptive cross sectional studyinvolved 139 mothers with first trimester pregnancy, aged between 17-39 years old. The study was conductedat dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from September 2013 until August 2014. Vaginal secretions was sampledto diagnose BV under nugent criteria. Folic acid and zinc in the serum were measured. From 139 subject,18.7% (n=26 were found to be BV positive (nugent score =7. No deficiency of folic acid (<7 ng/mL and40.3% (n=56 of zinc deficiency (<60  µg/dL were found. Bivariate analysis used Kruskal-Wallis test betweenfolic acid and zinc concentration with BV incidence gives p value of 0.668 and 0.478 respectively. Prevalenceof BV in this study was 18.7%. The relation between the maternal statuses of folic acid with BV in the firsttrimester of pregnancy was not found. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, folic acid, zinc, pregnancy.   Hubungan antara Kadar Asam Folat dan Seng terhadap KejadianVaginosis Bakteri pada Trimester Pertama Kehamilan Abstrak Bakterial vaginosis (BV pada kehamilan dihubungkan dengan meningkatnya luaran maternal yang buruk seperti ketuban pecah dini dan persalinan prematur. Penyebab BV multifaktor salah satunya adalahperubahan imunitas di vagina. Malnutrisi termasuk defisiensi mikronutrien meningkatkan kerentananterhadap infeksi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar asam folat dan seng terhadapkejadian vaginosis bakteri pada trimester pertama kehamilan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi

Vaginal Microbiomes Associated With Aerobic Vaginitis and Bacterial Vaginosis

OpenAIRE

Evelyn Kaambo; Evelyn Kaambo; Evelyn Kaambo; Charlene Africa; Ramadhani Chambuso; Ramadhani Chambuso; Jo-Ann Shelley Passmore; Jo-Ann Shelley Passmore; Jo-Ann Shelley Passmore

2018-01-01

A healthy vaginal microbiota is considered to be significant for maintaining vaginal health and preventing infections. However, certain vaginal bacterial commensal species serve an important first line of defense of the body. Any disruption of this microbial barrier might result in a number of urogenital conditions including aerobic vaginitis (AV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). The health of the vagina is closely associated with inhabitant microbiota. Furthermore, these microbes maintain a low...

Estudo prospectivo dos fatores de risco para complicações neurológicas na meningite bacteriana infantil

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Sadie Namani

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Análise prospectiva de fatores de prognóstico para complicações neurológicas da meningite bacteriana infantil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo recrutou 77 crianças de um mês a 16 anos de idade tratadas de meningite bacteriana durante o período de 1/1/2009 a 31/12/2010. Foram escolhidos 16 preditores relevantes para analisar sua associação com a incidência de complicações neurológicas. Valores P abaixo de 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Das 77 crianças tratadas para meningite bacteriana, desenvolveram-se complicações neurológicas em 33 pacientes (43%, e duas crianças morreram (2,6%. A etiologia dos casos de meningite bacteriana foi comprovada em 57/77 (74% dos casos: foram encontrados 32 isolados de meningococos; 8 de pneumococos; 6 de bacilos gram-negativos; 5 de H. influenzae; 5 de estafilococos e 1 de S. viridans. Os fatores que se mostraram associados a aumento do risco de desenvolvimento de complicações neurológicas foram idade 5.000 células/mm³, pleiocitose > 5.000 células/mm³ depois de 48 horas, baixa relação da glicose no LCS/sangue 48 horas, presença de comorbidade e foco primário de infecção não se associaram a aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações neurológicas. CONCLUSÃO: Idade inferior a 12 meses e gravidade da apresentação clínica na admissão foram identificadas como os preditores mais fortes de complicações neurológicas e podem ter valor para selecionar pacientes para tratamento mais intensivo.

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for routine diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kusters, J. G.; Reuland, E. A.; Bouter, S.; Koenig, P.; Dorigo-Zetsma, J. W.

2015-01-01

A semi-quantitative multiplex PCR assay for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was evaluated in a prospective study in a population of Dutch women with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge. The PCR targets Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera phylotype 1, Lactobacillus

Effectiveness of Bacterial Vaginosis Screening Program in Routine Prenatal Care and Its Effect on Decrease of Preterm Labor

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Mehrnaz Mashoufi

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Background & Objectives : Bacterial vaginosis is a condition which is determined by changes in microbial ecosystem of vagina and is considered as a preventable risk factor for preterm delivery. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of bacterial vaginosis screening program in routine prenatal care and its effect on decreasing preterm labor.   Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 474 pregnant women at gestational stage between 2007 and 2008. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention group and control group. Screening was performed in intervention group with Amsel's criteria (3 of 4 needed for diagnosis. Positive cases were given clindamycin cream (2% for one week. The outcome of the delivery was assessed in both groups afterward. Data were analyzed by SPSS11 software using descriptive statistics.   Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding pregnancy rank, wanted and unwanted pregnancy, insufficient weight gain, mother vaccination and complication of pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis was observed in 17 out of 216 (8% in the intervention group and then treated. Prevalence of preterm delivery in the intervention and control groups were 3 (1.4% and 12 (4.7%, respectively. The relative risk was protective (RR: 0.3, DR: 0.033, NNT: 30.   Conclusion: Screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women could significantly decrease the rate of preterm delivery.

Prevalence and epidemiological correlates of bacterial vaginosis among nonpregnant females at a tertiary care center in Assam, India

OpenAIRE

Frincy Khandelwal Baruah; Ajanta Sharma; Chanakya Das; Naba Kumar Hazarika; Rashmi Agarwalla

2014-01-01

Purpose: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginal infection among women of reproductive age and accounted for at least one-third of all vulvovaginal infections. The main aim of this prospective study was to determine the risk factors that may be associated with the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group females in Assam. Materials and Methods: A total of two hundred married, nonpregnant females in the reproductive age group who complained of one or mo...

Validación del método LAL para determinar endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable heparina sódica

OpenAIRE

Nancy Burguet; Lázaro César Brito

2012-01-01

Dentro del control de la calidad de los productos farmacéuticos, la United State Pharmacopeia establece la cuantificación de endotoxinas bacterianas por el método de lisado de amebocito de Limulus , como monitor de pirógenos para más del 90% de los parenterales que regula. Este método se aplicó de forma específica a vacunas bacterianas y virales, agentes antineoplásicos, radiofármacos y parenterales que se producen en la industria médico farmacéutica. En el presente trabajo se mostró la metod...

O uso de antibióticos e as resistências bacterianas: breves notas sobre a sua evolução

OpenAIRE

Loureiro, Rui João; Roque, Fátima; Teixeira Rodrigues, António; Herdeiro, Maria Teresa; Ramalheira, Elmano

2016-01-01

A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é atualmente um dos problemas de saúde pública mais relevantes a nível global, dado que apresenta consequências clínicas e económicas preocupantes, estando associada ao uso inadequado de antibióticos. Portugal é, no contexto europeu, um país com um elevado consumo de antibióticos, apesar de uma diminuic¸ão no consumo destes fármacos nos últimos anos. A resistência bacteriana tem crescido acentuadamente, sendo que as bactérias Gram-posit...

Effects of probiotics on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Homayouni, Aziz; Bastani, Parvin; Ziyadi, Somayeh; Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh; Ghalibaf, Morad; Mortazavian, Amir Mohammad; Mehrabany, Elnaz Vaghef

2014-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of genital discomfort in women in reproductive ages, which causes many complications. Bacterial vaginosis is usually treated by metronidazole and clindamycin. However, this protocol does not prevent its recurrence, which is a main complaint of the patients. The number of lactobacilli in the vagina of women with BV is significantly lower than that in healthy women. Hence, efforts have been made to normalize vaginal flora by oral or vaginal administration of lactobacilli. The objective of the present study was to review clinical evidences available regarding the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of BV. Published randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Database between 1990 and 2011. Search terms included bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infection, lactobacillus, and probiotics. Orally consumed probiotics are believed to ascend to the vaginal tract after they are excreted from the rectum; vaginal administration allows for direct replacement of the probiotics for unhealthy vaginal microbiota and occupation of specific adhesion sites at the epithelial surface of the urinary tract, which consequently results in maintenance of a low pH and production of antimicrobial substances like acids and hydrogen peroxide. Receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 at a dose of at least 10 CFU/day for 2 months has been shown to present the patients with better results. Although the results of different studies are controversial, most studies have been in favor of the probiotics in the prevention or treatment of BV, and no adverse effects have been reported. Therefore, it may be helpful to recommend daily consumption of probiotic products to improve public health among women.

Niveles de cortisol salival y tipos de personalidad de Grossarth-Maticek y Eysenck: un estudio transcultural

OpenAIRE

Camacho-Gutiérrez, Everardo; Vega-Michel, Claudia; Orejudo-Hernández, Santos

2012-01-01

Basándonos en la tipología de personalidad de Grossarth-Maticek y Eysenck que relaciona ciertos tipos de personalidad con el padecimiento de enfermedades, en esta investigación se analiza en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos y españoles la relación entre el tipo de personalidad de propensión al cáncer y el de propensión a las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el consumo de tabaco y los niveles de cortisol salival. Un total de 190 estudiantes mexicanos y españoles respondieron...

Validación del método LAL para determinar endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable heparina sódica

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Nancy Burguet

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Dentro del control de la calidad de los productos farmacéuticos, la United State Pharmacopeia establece la cuantificación de endotoxinas bacterianas por el método de lisado de amebocito de Limulus , como monitor de pirógenos para más del 90% de los parenterales que regula. Este método se aplicó de forma específica a vacunas bacterianas y virales, agentes antineoplásicos, radiofármacos y parenterales que se producen en la industria médico farmacéutica. En el presente trabajo se mostró la metodología a seguir para realizar la validación de la técnica de determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas por el método de gelificación. Para ello se confirmó la sensibilidad del reactivo utilizado (0,03125 UE/mL y la validez de los analistas para poder obtener resultados confiables. Las pruebas preliminares para el producto ensayado, heparina sódica 5000 UI/mL, demostraron que este producto no potencia ni inhibe la reacción del reactivo. Se escogió la dilución de trabajo (1/128 para la validación del método. De esta manera quedaron estandarizadas las condiciones para la validación del test de lisado de amebocito de Limulus por gelificación en este producto parenteral, método que se hace extensivo a la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en vacunas y en otros medicamentos por vía de administración intravenosa.

Suero autólogo al 50 % en las queratitis bacterianas

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Arelys Ariocha Cambas Andreu

Full Text Available Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las queratitis bacterianas con el tratamiento coadyuvante de suero autólogo tópico al 50 %. Métodos: estudio comparativo, longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 60 pacientes, divididos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: A utilizó tratamiento antibiótico convencional y suero autólogo y B utilizó solo tratamiento antibiótico convencional (cefazolina y amikacina. Los datos almacenados se procesaron utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 15. Las variables se expresaron según sus respectivas medidas de resumen y para la comparación de las terapias se aplicaron pruebas de hipótesis, con un nivel de confianza del 95 % y de error inferior al 0,05 %. Resultados: predominaron en los aislamientos microbiológicos Staphylococcus y Pseudomonas; seguidas por los Streptococcus, gonococos y enterobacterias. En cuanto al tiempo de aparición de los signos que favorecen la cicatrización corneal y la respuesta terapéutica, encontramos que con la aplicación tópica del suero autólogo, en casi dos tercios de los pacientes, estos se manifestaron a partir de la segunda semana de tratamiento y se obtuvo una respuesta terapéutica favorable. Conclusiones: El suero autólogo al 50 % resulta ser un complemento terapéutico efectivo en el manejo de las queratitis infecciosas de etiología bacteriana.

Infecciones cérvico vaginales y embarazo

OpenAIRE

A. Marcelo Pradenas, DR.

2014-01-01

La flora vaginal normal, conformada por múltiples microorganismos, juega un rol fundamental en la mantención de un ambiente adecuado de defensa contra ciertas infecciones durante el embarazo. Cuando se altera puede dar origen a Vaginosis Bacteriana, caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples bacterias en número mayor a lo habitual y que en el embarazo pueden potencialmente desencadenar efectos adversos, tanto en la madre como en el feto. Lo mismo ocurre con otro tipo de infecciones vaginales...

Uso controlado de antibióticos ayuda en la disminución de la resistencia bacteriana en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad (2004-2012

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Rubén Darío Camargo Rubio

2014-09-01

Full Text Available El uso excesivo o indiscriminado de antibióticos va de la mano con la aparición de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivo: Confirmar si el control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos contribuye a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal, del control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos. Durante los años 2004 a 2007 (primer periodo y 2008 a 2011 (segundo periodo. Diariamente se evaluó la prescripción de antibióticos de control institucional y se compararon semestralmente cada año sus resultados, con el reporte de resistencia en bacterias bajo vigilancia epidemiológica. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos con el control diario de las prescripciones de antibióticos durante el estudio evidencian que controlar antibióticos ayuda a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana, en el periodo 2004-2007. La falta de adherencia a las políticas institucionales de control de las prescripciones de antibióticos, evidenció en el estudio aumento de la resistencia bacteriana, en el periodo 2008-2010. Comentario: Controlar institucionalmente antibióticos contribuye a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana o aumentarla sino se controlan.

Microarray-based identification of clinically relevant vaginal bacteria in relation to bacterial vaginosis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dols, J.A.M.; Smit, P.W.; Kort, R.; Reid, G.; Schuren, F.H.J.; Tempelman, H.; Bontekoe, T.R.; Korporaal, H.; Boon, M.E.

2011-01-01

Objective: The objective was to examine the use of a tailor-made DNA microarray containing probes representing the vaginal microbiota to examine bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: One hundred one women attending a health center for HIV testing in South Africa were enrolled. Stained, liquid-based

Microarray-based identification of clinically relevant vaginal bacteria in relation to bacterial vaginosis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dols, Joke A M; Smit, Pieter W; Kort, Remco; Reid, Gregor; Schuren, Frank H J; Tempelman, Hugo; Bontekoe, Tj Romke; Korporaal, Hans; Boon, Mathilde E

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the use of a tailor-made DNA microarray containing probes representing the vaginal microbiota to examine bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred one women attending a health center for HIV testing in South Africa were enrolled. Stained, liquid-based

Placa bacteriana dentária em cães

OpenAIRE

Eurides,Duvaldo; Gonçalves,Gentil Ferreira; Mazzanti,Alexandre; Buso,Antônio Mário

1996-01-01

Com objetivo de avaliar a incidência de placa bacteriana dentária, foram utilizados 30 cães, sem raça definida, distribuídos em três grupos iguais, de acordo com a faixa etária, sendo o grupo I de 0 a 2 anos, o grupo II de 3 a 5 anos e o grupo III acima de 6 anos. Os animais foram submetidos a anestesia geral e sobre os dentes foi aplicado cloreto de metilrosanilina, para evidenciar acúmulos bacterianos. As placas encontravam-se distribuídas em 80,99% no grupo I, 71,45% no grupo II e 83,96% n...

The treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with clindamycin to reduce the risk of infection-related preterm birth

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lamont, Ronald F.; Keelan, Jeffrey A.; Larsson, Per G.

2017-01-01

and Gynecology advised against the use of clindamycin for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on lack of evidence of efficacy. We believe that the evidence for the use of clindamycin for this indication is robust and that this recommendation...... was reached erroneously on the basis of flawed inclusion criteria: the inclusion of an unpublished study with poorly diagnosed bacterial vaginosis and the exclusion of an important pivotal study on the use of clindamycin in early pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth. Had these errors been corrected...

Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age.

Science.gov (United States)

Abdali, Khadijeh; Jahed, Leila; Amooee, Sedigheh; Zarshenas, Mahnaz; Tabatabaee, Hamidreza; Bekhradi, Reza

2015-01-01

Effect of Zataria multiflora on bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis is shown in vivo and in vitro. We compare the effectiveness of Zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatment for vaginal infections including Trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis; these infections occur simultaneously. The study included 420 women with bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, or both infections together, who were randomly divided into six groups. Criteria for diagnosis were wet smear and Gram stain. Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream and placebo pill were administered to the experiment groups; the control group received oral metronidazole pill and vaginal placebo cream. Comparison of the clinical symptoms showed no significant difference in all three vaginitis groups receiving metronidazole pill and vaginal Zataria multiflora cream. However, comparison of the wet smear test results was significant in patients with trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis associated with trichomoniasis in the two treatment groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01). Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream had the same effect of oral metronidazole tablets in improving clinical symptoms of all three vaginitis groups, as well as the treatment for bacterial vaginosis. It can be used as a drug for treatment of bacterial vaginosis and elimination of clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginitis.

Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age

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Khadijeh Abdali

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of Zataria multiflora on bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis is shown in vivo and in vitro. We compare the effectiveness of Zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatment for vaginal infections including Trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis; these infections occur simultaneously. The study included 420 women with bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, or both infections together, who were randomly divided into six groups. Criteria for diagnosis were wet smear and Gram stain. Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream and placebo pill were administered to the experiment groups; the control group received oral metronidazole pill and vaginal placebo cream. Comparison of the clinical symptoms showed no significant difference in all three vaginitis groups receiving metronidazole pill and vaginal Zataria multiflora cream. However, comparison of the wet smear test results was significant in patients with trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis associated with trichomoniasis in the two treatment groups (p=0.001 and p=0.01. Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream had the same effect of oral metronidazole tablets in improving clinical symptoms of all three vaginitis groups, as well as the treatment for bacterial vaginosis. It can be used as a drug for treatment of bacterial vaginosis and elimination of clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginitis.

The influence of bacterial vaginosis on gestational week of the completion of delivery and biochemical markers of inflammation in the serum

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Jakovljević Ana

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Bacground/Aim. Preterm delivery is one of the most common complications in pregnancy, and it is the major cause (75- 80% of all neonatal deaths. Bacterial vaginosis predisposes to an increased risk of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membrane and miscarriage. In this syndrome normal vaginal lactobacilli, which produce protective H2O2, are reduced and replaced with anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria and others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bacterial vaginosis on the week of delivery and biochemical markers of inflammation in the serum. Methods. A total of 186 pregnant women were included into this study, between the week 16 and 19 of pregnancy. In the study group there were 76 pregnant women with diagnosed bacterial vaginosis by the criteria based on vaginal Gram-stain Nugent score and Amsel criteria. In the control group there were 110 healthy women with normal vaginal flora. Ultrasound examination was performed in both groups. Vaginal fluid and blood samples were taken to determine biochemical markers with colorimetric methods. Results. The week of delivery was statistically significantly shorter in the study group and the levels of biochemical markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in the serum were statistically significantly higher in women with bacterial vaginosis comparing to the control group. Also the levels of uric acid and white blood cells in the serum were higher in the study group compared to the control one. Conclusion. Our study indicates that the pregnancy complicated with bacterial vaginosis ends much earlier than the pregnancy without it. Also, higher levels of biochemical markers of inflammation in the serum in the study group, similarly to results of other studies, suggest that pathophysiological processes responsible for preterm delivery can begin very early in pregnancy.

The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Salivation

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Nikolina Petrušić

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the detrimental effect of smoking on the function of the salivary glands. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients who were divided into two groups: a test group which included smokers and control group represented by non-smokers. Each group included 30 patients. General information was collected from all the respondents via a questionnaire as well as the data on the duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Saliva was collected by spitting method in a graduated tube and the amount of unstimulated and stimulated saliva was measured and recorded in ml per minute. Stimulated saliva was collected immediately after rinsing the mouth with a 2% aqueous solution of citric acid which is carried salivary stimulation. The presence of pigmentation on the teeth and coated tongue were recorded during clinical examination. The degree of oral hygiene was determined by plaque index. All the obtained data were statistically analyzed with significance level p <0.05. Results: The results showed no significant differences in the amount of saliva between smokers and non-smokers, however, the amount of saliva decreases significantly with the duration of smoking and increasing age of smokers. Also proven was the difference in the quality of saliva: smokers have thick saliva and nonsmokers predominantly serous. In addition, smokers have poorer oral hygiene status than non-smokers, and demonstrated a positive correlation between the level of oral hygiene and length of smoking tobacco. Conclusion: This study has proven that smoking adversely affects salivation: long-term smoking reduces the secretion of saliva and changes its quality.

A orbifloxacina no tratamento das cistites bacterianas em gatos domésticos

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Reche Junior Archivaldo

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivos, avaliar o uso da orbifloxacina nas cistites bacterianas de felinos, e seus possíveis efeitos colaterais, mormente a nefro e/ou hepatotoxicidade. Para tanto, foram colhidas amostras de urina de 53 gatos com históricos variados, mas com predisposição à infecção urinária. A cistite bacteriana foi comprovada, através de exame microbiológico, em 13 pacientes. No entanto, apenas 10 apresentaram infecção por agentes sensíveis a orbifloxacina. Esses 10 pacientes foram então submetidos ao tratamento com orbifloxacina na dose de 2,5mg kg-1 a cada 24 horas por 10 dias. Não houve crescimento bacteriano nas amostras de urina submetidas à cultura, 72 horas após a interrupção do tratamento. Não foram observados sinais de nefro e/ou hepatotoxicidade nesses pacientes, uma vez que os níveis séricos de alanina aminotransferase (ALT, aspartato aminotransferase (AST, fosfatase alcalina (FA, albumina, uréia e creatinina não tiveram variação significativa após o uso do fármaco. Portanto, os resultados apresentados sugerem que a orbifloxacina pode ser usada como agente antimicrobiano nas infecções urinárias de felinos.

Prevalence of asymptomatic infections in sexually transmitted diseases attendees diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rajalakshmi, R; Kalaivani, S

2016-01-01

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a major health problem affecting mostly young people in both developing and developed countries. STD in women causes both acute morbidity and complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, low-birth weight, and prematurity. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among asymptomatic females attending STD outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in South India. A retrospective analysis of data collected from clinical records of 3000 female patients of age 18 to 49 over a period of 12 months (July 2014 to June 2015) was carried out at the Institute of Venereology, Madras Medical College. Complete epidemiological, clinical, and investigational data were recorded and analyzed for the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among asymptomatic patients. About 48.37% (228/470) of bacterial vaginosis patients were asymptomatic. Nearly 45.38% (116/235) of vaginal candidiasis patients were asymptomatic and 30.35% (26/87) of trichomoniasis patients were asymptomatic. The above infections were common in the age group 25-35. Holistic screening protocol was incorporated for all female patients attending STD clinic even if asymptomatic and should be treated accordingly to prevent the acquisition of other serious sexually transmitted infections.

103. Reparación valvular mitral en un caso de endocarditis trombótica no bacteriana

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R. Manrique

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: La reparación valvular mitral es un procedimiento eficaz y seguro en la insuficiencia mitral aguda en pacientes con endocarditis trombótica no bacteriana. Permite evitar un riesgo adicional asociado al uso de prótesis mecánicas en pacientes con riesgo tromboembólico elevado.

Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal yeast, but not vaginal cleansing, increase HIV-1 acquisition in African women

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.; Morrison, Charles S.; Cornelisse, Peter G. A.; Munjoma, Marshall; Moncada, Jeanne; Awio, Peter; Wang, Jing; van der Pol, Barbara; Chipato, Tsungai; Salata, Robert A.; Padian, Nancy S.

2008-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate interrelationships between bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal yeast, vaginal practices (cleansing and drying/tightening), mucosal inflammation, and HIV acquisition. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study was conducted, enrolling 4531 HIV-negative women

Placa bacteriana dentária em cães Dental bacterial plaque in dogs

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Duvaldo Eurides

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Com objetivo de avaliar a incidência de placa bacteriana dentária, foram utilizados 30 cães, sem raça definida, distribuídos em três grupos iguais, de acordo com a faixa etária, sendo o grupo I de 0 a 2 anos, o grupo II de 3 a 5 anos e o grupo III acima de 6 anos. Os animais foram submetidos a anestesia geral e sobre os dentes foi aplicado cloreto de metilrosanilina, para evidenciar acúmulos bacterianos. As placas encontravam-se distribuídas em 80,99% no grupo I, 71,45% no grupo II e 83,96% no grupo III. Os grupos dentários foram considerados separadamente, apresentando índices de 64,84% nos dentes incisivos, 84,80% nos caninos, 87,23% nos pré-molares e 78,34% nos molares. Nos três grupos de cães observou-se índices semelhantes de placa bacteriana nos diferentes grupos dentários. Os animais do grupo II e o grupo de dentes incisivos apresentaram menores índices de placa bacteriana.To avaliate the incidence of bacterial plaque 30 mogreal dogs were utilizated, distributed among three equal groups. According to age, group I was composed of 0 to 2 years-old dogs, group II was 3 to 5 years-old, and group III over 6 years-old. The animals underwent a general anesthesia and metilrosanilin cloret was applied over the tooth, to evidence the bacterial mass. The plaques were distributed to 80.99% in group I, 71.42% in group II and 83.96% in group III. The dental groups were considerated apart, showing index of 64.84% on the incisar tooth, 84.80% on the canine tooth, 87.23% on the premolar tooth, and 78.34% on the molar tooth. At the dogs groups, similar Índex of bacterial plaque were observed on the diffèrent dental groups. The dogs from group II and the incisive tooth group showed minar bacterial plaque index.

Eficacia del tratamiento homeopático en pacientes con neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad. Hospital Infantil Norte de Santiago de Cuba

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Yasel Garcia Leyva; Martha María Leyva Anaya; Rebeca María Massieu Cobas; , Yuneska Rodriguez Ochoa

2017-01-01

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento homeopático en los pacientes con neumonía bacteriana adqui-rida en la comunidad. Método: se realizó un estudio clínico controlado en el que se conformó dos grupos con los niños hospitalizados para evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento homeopático en los principales síntomas de 40 pacientes con neu-monía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad, que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalentes Pediátricos del Hospital Infa...

Frecuencia de aislamientos microbiológicos y perfil de resistencia bacteriana en 13 clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad en Santiago de Cali - Colombia

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Martínez Buitrago, Ernesto; Hernández, Cristhian; Pallares, Cristhian; Pacheco, Robinson; Hurtado, Kelly; Recalde, Mónica

2014-01-01

Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana se consolida como una amenaza para los sistemas de salud en el manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas. La vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos regionales para el desarrollo de medidas de contención y gestión del uso adecuado de antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Describir los aislamientos microbiológicos y perfiles de resistencia a los ...

Assessment of Two Alternative Sample Transport and Fixation Methods in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis

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Erica Eason

2003-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The standard method for specimen collection and transport for microbiological diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is an air-dried smear of vaginal secretions, promptly heat- or alcohol-fixed, Gram-stained and scored by Nugent's criteria.

A resistência bacteriana no contexto da infecção hospitalar

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Santos, Neusa de Queiroz

2004-01-01

Este artigo aborda alguns aspectos do impacto da resistência bacteriana no contexto da infecção hospitalar. Alerta sobre o importante papel dos profissionais de saúde no controle da infecção hospitalar e do grave problema do uso indiscriminado de antibióticos que tem provocado uma pressão seletiva sobre as bactérias do ambiente hospitalar tornando-as multiresistentes This article lays out some aspects of the impact of bacterial resistence in the context of hospital infection. It alerts to ...

Xerostomía postradioterapia: eficacia de tratamientos tópicos basados en aceite de oliva, betaína y xilitol

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M. Martín Martín; M. López; L. Cerezo

2014-01-01

La xerostomía es la complicación más frecuente en los pacientes que reciben radioterapia para el cáncer oral. La reducción en la tasa de flujo salival y una disminución de su pH están directamente relacionado con un cambio en la composición de la saliva y el desplazamiento de la microflora oral hacia especies bacterianas cariogénicas. Por otro lado sabemos que la xerostomía se asocia a dificultad para el habla, la masticación, la deglución, cambios en el sabor, caries dentales, sensación de a...

Clinical Study of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 (ATCC PTA-11748) in the Treatment of Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis.

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Ratna Sudha, M; Yelikar, Kanan A; Deshpande, Sonali

2012-09-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal infection worldwide and is characterized by reduction of native lactobacilli. Antimicrobial therapy used to cure the disease is often found to be ineffective. We postulate that Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 (Unique Biotech Limited, India) might provide an appendage to antimicrobial treatment and improve curing rate. In the present study 40 Indian women diagnosed with BV by the presence of symptoms including white discharge, pH greater than 4.7, burning micturation, itching, soreness and redness at vulva. The subjects were divided in 2 groups probiotic (n = 20) and control (n = 20) based on age (control group, 33 ± 3 years and probiotic group, 32.5 ± 3 years), history of previous vaginosis (control group, 75% or 15/20 and probiotic group, 75% or 15/20) and severity of current vaginosis infection (burning micturation and itching, 35% in each group). Probiotic group subjects were assigned to receive a dose of antibiotic therapy [Ofloxacin-Ornidazole with strength of 200-500 mg per capsule/day for 5 days along with vaginal peccaries (co-kimaxazol) for 3 days] simultaneously with two probiotic capsules (10(9) CFUs of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 per capsule). The control group received only antibiotic therapy. At the end of the treatment the 80% of probiotic group subjects showed significant positive response as revealed by reduction of vaginosis symptoms compared to the control group which exhibited reduction in 45% subjects only. Thus, the results of present study indicate that strain Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 can provide benefits to women being treated with antibiotics to cure an infectious condition.

Influencia de la terapia periodontal no quirúrgica en nivel de pH salival y líquido crevicular gingival en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal atendidos en la Clínica Especializada de la FO-USMP

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Villaverde Moscol, Lizeth Rosario

2016-01-01

Determina la influencia de la terapia periodontal no quirúrgica en el nivel de pH salival y el pH líquido crevicular gingival en los pacientes con enfermedad periodontal atendidos en la Clínica Especializada de FO-USMP. La muestra fue conformada por 64 pacientes. Se utilizó tiras reactivas para la recolección del pH salival y pH del líquido crevicular gingival antes y después (07 días) de realizado el terapia periodontal no quirúgica en los pacientes diagnosticados con dos de los tipos de enf...

Microbiota bacteriana de ovos de jacaré-do-pantanal incubados naturalmente

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R. Pulcherio

Full Text Available RESUMO A cadeia produtiva do Caiman yacare tem-se destacado no Mato Grosso com a exportação de 143.386 peles em 2015, cujo sistema de manejo (ranching implica a incubação artificial dos ovos. Nesse processo, a contaminação bacteriana de ovos influencia a taxa de eclosão. O conhecimento da microbiota de ovos incubados naturalmente orienta o manejo sanitário adequado no incubatório. No presente estudo, são apresentadas informações sobre essa microbiota e sua correlação com a de outros crocodilianos, apontando-se as espécies com potencial patogênico. Amostras de 20 ninhos de C. yacare foram coletadas e semeadas em ágar sangue e ágar Mac Conckey. A colônia condizente com Salmonella sp. foi confirmada pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase. Das 22 espécies bacterianas isoladas, 59% pertencem à família Enterobacteriaceae e 41% a outros táxons bacterianos. A semelhança dos achados com as bactérias isoladas na microbiota oral e/ou intestinal/cloacal de crocodilianos foi de 77,27%. As bactérias mais e menos frequentes foram, respectivamente, Bacillus cereus, Flavobacterium multivorum, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia hermannii, Hafnia alvei, Morganella, morganni, Salmonella sp., Serratia marcescens e Shigella sonnei. Das bactérias isoladas, 86,36% têm potencial patogênico para crocodilianos. A origem materna e a ambiental da microbiota de ovos incubados naturalmente são, respectivamente, de 77,27% e 27,27%.

Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.

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Oittinen, Juha; Kurki, Tapio; Kekki, Minnamaija; Kuusisto, Minna; Pussinen, Pirkko; Vilkuna-Rautiainen, Tiina; Nieminen, Anja; Asikainen, Sirkka; Paavonen, Jorma

2005-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether periodontal disease or bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed before pregnancy increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: We enrolled a total of 252 women who had discontinued contraception in order to become pregnant. The first 130 pregnant women were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-21.2; p = 0.014), an...

Sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis is equal to levels during bacterial vaginosis

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Marconi, C.; Donders, G.G.G.; Bellen, G.; Brown, D.R.; Parada, C.M.G.L.; Silva, M.G.

2013-01-01

Objective: To evaluate levels of proinflammatory cytokines and sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis (AV) in relation to normal vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Study design: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 682 consecutive non-pregnant women attending the gynecology service were assessed and 408 women were included. Vaginal rinsing samples were collected from 223 women with microscopic finding of BV (n = 98), aerobic vaginitis (n = 25) and normal flora (n = 100). Sample...

Estimation of the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal infections and its consequences on maternal/fetal outcome in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India

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Lata Indu

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Aims: This study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV and other vaginal infections during pregnancy and its association with urinary tract infections (UTI and its consequences on pregnancy outcome, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Settings and Design: Prospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study was conducted on 200 women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC of a tertiary hospital. All pertinent obstetric and neonatal data covering antenatal events during the course of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and condition of each newborn at the time of birth were collected. BV was detected by both Gram stain and gold standard clinical criteria (Amsel′s composite criteria. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 9. Fischer′s exact test, chi square tests and Student′s′ test has been used for analysis. The probability of 5% was considered as significant for continuous variables such as age, period of gestation and birth weight. Odds ratio (OR and confidence interval (CI with 95% probability were determined. Results: The incidence of bacterial vaginosis was 41 in 200 patients. Adverse outcomes such as preterm labor, PROM and fetal complications were found more in pregnant women who had bacterial vaginosis (N=41, bacterial vaginosis with UTI (N=14 as compared to those without bacterial vaginosis (N=118. Conclusions: The incidence of poor pregnancy outcome was higher in bacterial vaginosis with UTI. Prevention of BV and UTI is cost effective to minimize the pregnancy-related complications and preterm labor to decrease in perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. We recommend all antenatal patients should be screened for the presence of bacterial vaginosis, other infections and UTI.

[Bacterial vaginosis and spontaneous preterm birth].

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Brabant, G

2016-12-01

To determine if bacterial vaginosis is a marker for risk of spontaneous preterm delivery and if its detection and treatment can reduce this risk. Consultation of the database Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, and international guidelines of medical societies. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis resulting in an imbalance in the vaginal flora through the multiplication of anaerobic bacteria and jointly of a disappearance of well-known protective Lactobacilli. His diagnosis is based on clinical Amsel criteria and/or a Gram stain with establishment of the Nugent score. The prevalence of the BV extraordinarily varies according to ethnic and/or geographical origin (4-58 %), in France, it is close to 7 % in the first trimester of pregnancy (EL2). The link between BV and spontaneous premature delivery is low with an odds ratio between 1.5 and 2 in the most recent studies (EL3). Metronidazole or clindamycin is effective to treat BV (EL3). It is recommended to prescribe one of these antibiotics in the case of symptomatic BV (Professional Consensus). The testing associated with the treatment of BV in the global population showed no benefit in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL2). Concerning low-risk asymptomatic population (defined by the absence of antecedent of premature delivery), it has been failed profit to track and treat the BV in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL1). Concerning the high-risk population (defined by a history of preterm delivery), it has been failed profit to track and treat the VB in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL3). However, in the sub population of patients with a history of preterm delivery occurred in a context of materno-fetal bacterial infection, there may be a benefit to detect and treat early and systematically genital infection, and in particular the BV (Professional Consensus). The screening and treatment of BV during pregnancy in asymptomatic low

Asociación entre la disminución de los niveles de flujo salival y xerostomía en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica hemodializados de la unidad renal nefrología ltda, de la ciudad de Santa Marta

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Sandra Espitia Nieto

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC, es la pérdida lenta y progresiva de la función renal, la cual trae consigo manifestaciones orales que están directamente relacionadas con ella, siendo una de estas la xerostomía (boca seca que acompañada de hiposialia (disminución del flujo salival trae complicaciones en el estado de la salud oral, como enfermedades periodontales, infecciones micóticas, bacterianas, dificultad para hablar, deglutir y aumento en la ingesta de líquidos, viéndose afectada la calidad de vida del paciente e incluso la enfermedad sistémica; sin embargo no se han realizado estudios que demuestren asociación entre xerostomía e hiposialia en estos pacientes.Lo anterior motivó el estudio de casos y controles de base hospitalaria en 62 pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC en terapia de hemodiálisis de la unidad renal Nefrología Limitada en la ciudad de Santa Marta. El estudio arrojó como resultado que el 72.6% de los pacientes manifestaron xerostomia, a través de un muestreo proporcional se seleccionaron 17 casos (de los pacientes que manifestaron xerostomía y 17 controles (de los pacientes que no manifestaron xerostomía; a todos los pacientes se le realizó sialometría encontrándose que el flujo salival en estado de reposo y estimulado se halló disminuido en un 52.9% y 88.2% de los pacientes que manifestaron xerostomía, Al comparar los casos y controles en estado de reposo se encontró una razón de momios pareada (RMp igual a 5 y a 2, con un nivel de confianza del 95%, lo que indicó una probable asociación clínico-epidemiológica entre la disminución del flujo salival y la xerostomía tanto en estado de reposo como estimulado respectivamente. Por lo tanto se concluye que la xerostomía presente en pacientes con IRC Hemodializados se relaciona con hiposialia. (Duazary 2007; 2: 100 - 111AbstractChronic renal insufficiency is defined as the slow and progressive loss of the kidney function. It

Periodontal Disease and Bacterial Vaginosis Increase the Risk for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome

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Oittinen, Juha; Kurki, Tapio; Kekki, Minnamaija; Kuusisto, Minna; Pussinen, Pirkko; Vilkuna-Rautiainen, Tiina; Nieminen, Anja; Asikainen, Sirkka; Paavonen, Jorma

2005-01-01

Objectives. To determine whether periodontal disease or bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed before pregnancy increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.Methods. We enrolled a total of 252 women who had discontinued contraception in order to become pregnant. The first 130 pregnant women were included in the analyses.Results. Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4–21.2; p = 0.014), and ...

Peritonite bacteriana espontânea: impacto das mudanças da microbiologia Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: impact of microbiological changes

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Paulo Roberto Lerias de Almeida

2007-03-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: A peritonite bacteriana espontânea é uma complicação grave nos pacientes cirróticos com ascite, sendo as alterações das características microbiológicas relatadas nos últimos anos de impacto na escolha do tratamento antibiótico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as mudanças na epidemiologia e na resistência antibiótica de bactérias causadoras de peritonite bacteriana espontânea em um período de 7 anos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente todos os casos de pacientes cirróticos com peritonite bacteriana espontânea cuja cultura do líquido de ascite foi positiva, sendo estudados dois períodos: 1997-1998 e 2002-2003. Foram verificados os microorganismos mais freqüentes e a sensibilidade in vitro aos antibióticos. RESULTADOS: No primeiro período (1997-1998 houve 33 casos, sendo 3 (9% com infecção polimicrobiana. As bactérias mais freqüentes foram: E. coli em 13 (36,11%, estafilococos coagulase-negativos em 6 (16,66%, K. pneumoniae em 5 (13,88%, S. aureus em 4 (11,11% e S. faecalis em 3 (8,33%. Em 2002-2003, houve 43 casos, sendo 2 (5% com infecção polimicrobiana. As bactérias mais freqüentes foram: estafilococos coagulase-negativos em 16 (35,55% S. aureus em 8 (17,77%, E. coli em 7 (15,55% e K. pneumoniae em 3 (6,66%. Nenhum paciente realizava profilaxia para peritonite bacteriana espontânea. A prevalência de S. aureus meticilino-resistentes aumentou, no decorrer desse período, de 25% para 75%, tendo a resistência desse patógeno às quinolonas e a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim evoluído de 25% para 50%; somente a vancomicina demonstrou atividade absoluta no decorrer do referido período. Da mesma forma, a prevalência de E. coli resistente às cefalosporinas de terceira geração e às quinolonas aumentou de 0% para 16%. CONCLUSÃO: Houve modificação da população bacteriana causadora de peritonite bacteriana espontânea, com freqüência aumentada de microorganismos gram-positivos, bem como houve aumento da

Assessing the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among infertile women of Qom city.

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Ghiasi, Mahdieh; Fazaeli, Hoda; Kalhor, Naser; Sheykh-Hasan, Mohsen; Tabatabaei-Qomi, Reza

2014-12-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder which happens when the balance of bacterial flora in vagina is disrupted by a shift in concentration of lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria.It has significant sequelae including increased rates of late miscarriage when diagnosed in early pregnancy, premature rupture of the membranes, endometritis, preterm labour and delivery and tubal factor infertility. So it seems to be necessary to evaluate the prevalence of BV among women with primary infertility. All specimens were collected during vagina examination by use of a speculum and swabbing. A sampling swab was introduced into vaginal canal and rotated for at least 8 seconds before withdrawal. The vaginal swabs were examined in standard microbiological analysis including of microscopy, culture and sensitivity examination. Totally identified Gram positive bacteria were significantly higher in number than the Gram negative bacteria. We found that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis as 70.34% among infertile women of Qom city. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent vaginal pathogen (57.33%) followed by E. coli (25.33%). S. aureus showed maximum sensitivity to penicillin and gentamicin. It means that fortunately in Qom, this bacterium has not acquired resistance against penicillin yet. So, all physicians must have a high index of suspicion and use readily available screening methods to recognize and treat the patients with infectious vaginitis adequately.

[Use of probiotics in bacterial vaginosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Mur Pérez, A M; Mateo Segura, Z; Ramírez Domínguez, N; Vela Condón, P

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a change in the vaginal microbiota due to bacterial overgrowth of normal microorganisms, which produces symptoms of vaginal discomfort, increased malodorous vaginal discharge, etc. Although they been seen to improve recurrence rates in clinical practice, the role of probiotics is questioned in these situations. A literature review on BV is presented in order to evaluate the effectiveness of using probiotics as adjuvant therapy in BV. PubMed, Cochrane and SCOPUS review of the last 5 years publications using probiotics to treat women diagnosed with BV. An analysis was performed on the 10 items that refer to the use of probiotics in addition to antibiotic treatments. All items conclude that the use of probiotics is beneficial in cases of BV in addition to conventional treatments. However, the conclusions are not categorical due to there being a wide variety of studies and probiotics used. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

El uso de la radiografía de tórax para la vigilancia de neumonías bacterianas en niños latinoamericanos

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Lagos Rosanna

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La División de Vacunas e Inmunización de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS está promoviendo la vigilancia epidemiológica de neumonías bacterianas en niños latinoamericanos, con el objetivo de generar pruebas científicas que sustenten futuras decisiones de control mediante vacunas en los países de la Región. Como es poco frecuente que el diagnóstico de estas enfermedades abarque la documentación bacteriológica del agente causal, los estudios de este tipo que se realizan en el mundo aceptan la imagen radiológica de consolidación alveolar como criterio confirmatorio de una neumonía presuntamente bacteriana. En este informe se examinan la racionalidad teórica y los requisitos necesarios para utilizar la radiología de tórax como instrumento para la vigilancia epidemiológica de neumonías bacterianas. Además, se ofrece un resumen de las actividades realizadas en dos años de trabajo conjunto entre el Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo, en Chile, y la División de Vacunas e Inmunización de la OPS. Durante ese período se fomentó el estudio epidemiológico de las neumonías bacterianas en niños latinoamericanos utilizando los criterios y definiciones acordados a escala internacional, así como herramientas y soluciones prácticas ajustadas a la realidad de la Región. Las actividades desarrolladas hasta ahora evidencian la necesidad y factibilidad de estandarizar la interpretación de las radiografías de tórax para utilizarlas en estudios epidemiológicos.

Estratégias para prevenção da resistência bacteriana: contribuições para a segurança do paciente

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Roberta Soldatelli Pagno Paim

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A resistência bacteriana tem como consequências, o aumento da morbidade, mortalidade e da internação hospitalar, o prolongamento das doenças, a perda da produtividade, o aumento dos custos e maior risco de complicações. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, na perspectiva de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em janeiro de 2014. Resultados e Discussão: Foram selecionados oito artigos que relatavam estratégias de prevenção da resistência bacteriana em um recorte temporal de 2008 a 2014. O uso racional de antimicrobianos, a higienização adequada das mãos, a cultura de vigilância microbiológica, a educação continuada, a desinfecção de superfícies, uso de testes de suscetibilidade, o isolamento de contato, quando indicado e a manutenção de um banco de dados, são alguns dos métodos encontrados neste trabalho para prevenir a seleção de micro-organismos resistentes. Conclusões: A diminuição do lançamento de novos antimicrobianos pela indústria farmacêutica e a necessidade de novos antibióticos reforça ainda mais a importância da conscientização de toda a equipe multidisciplinar no processo de prevenção de resistência antimicrobiana.            Palavras chave: Farmacorresistência Bacteriana, Antibacterianos, Programa de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Infecção Hospitalar, Segurança do Paciente. (Fonte: DeCS BIREME.Cómo citar este artículo: Paim R, Lorenzini E. Estrategias para prevenção da resistência bacteriana. Rev Cuid. 2014; 5(2:757-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v5i2.88

Comparative Study on the Vaginal Flora and Incidence of Asymptomatic Vaginosis among Healthy Women and in Women with Infertility Problems of Reproductive Age.

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Babu, Geethavani; Singaravelu, Balamuru Ganvelu; Srikumar, R; Reddy, Sreenivasalu V; Kokan, Afraa

2017-08-01

The normal vaginal flora is highly complex, dominated by lactobacilli of doderlein that plays a vital role in maintaining the women's health and inhibits other pathogenic microorganisms. Fluctuation in local environment or exposure to any exogenous and endogenous sources changes the vaginal flora over a period of time. Disruption of the vaginal ecosystem changes the microflora of the healthy vagina, altering the pH and predisposing to lower reproductive tract infections. The change in the microflora of the female genital tract by pathogenic organisms may ascend from vagina to upper genital tract and may cause infertility. Although several studies demonstrate a higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in infertile population. The role of vaginal microbiome in infertility is not clear and need to be explored further. To compare the vaginal flora and analyse the incidence of asymptomatic vaginosis among healthy women and in women with infertility problems. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months at Sri Lakshmi Narayana Medical College and Hospital Puducherry, India. A total of 200 high vaginal swabs were collected from Group 1 which included 84 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles without any gynaecological disorder and from Group 2, 116 women with infertility problems attending fertility clinic within the age group of 18 to 45 years. All swabs were subjected to routine aerobic, anaerobic and fungal culture. Saline wet mount was performed for the detection of clue cells and Trichomonas vaginalis , 10% KOH was performed for demonstration of budding yeast cells and pseudo hyphae, Gram's staining to determine the presence of yeast cells, leucocytes and bacterial morphotypes. The smear was also graded using Nugent scoring system. The vaginal flora of Group 1 was dominated by Lactobacillus (40, 27.8 %) followed by Micrococcus (22, 15.3 %), Enterococcus (16, 11.1%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (12, 8.3%). Whereas in Group 2, the

Uso controlado de antibióticos ayuda en la disminución de la resistencia bacteriana en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad (2004-2012)

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Rubén Darío Camargo Rubio; Gisela Olivares; Nidia Fonseca; Iván Zuloaga; Ella Guardo; Adriana Marín

2014-01-01

El uso excesivo o indiscriminado de antibióticos va de la mano con la aparición de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivo: Confirmar si el control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos contribuye a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal, del control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos. Durante los años 2004 a 2007 (primer periodo) y 2008 a 2011 (segundo periodo). Diariamente se evaluó la prescripción de antibióticos de control institucional y se comp...

Adhesion of Human Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus to Cervical and Vaginal Cells and Interaction with Vaginosis-Associated Pathogens

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Sophie Coudeyras

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objectives. The ability of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain (Lcr35 to adhere to cervical and vaginal cells and to affect the viability of two main vaginosis-associated pathogens, Prevotella bivia, Gardnerella vaginalis, as well as Candida albicans was investigated. Methods. Adhesion ability was determined in vitro with immortalized epithelial cells from the endocervix, ectocervix, and vagina. Coculture experiments were performed to count viable pathogens cells in the presence of Lcr35. Results. Lcr35 was able to specifically and rapidly adhere to the three cell lines. In coculture assays, a decrease in pathogen cell division rate was observed as from 4 hours of incubation and bactericidal activity after a longer period of incubation, mostly with P. bivia. Conclusion. The ability of Lcr35 to adhere to cervicovaginal cells and its antagonist activities against vaginosis-associated pathogens suggest that this probiotic strain is a promising candidate for use in therapy.

Antibióticos vs. resistencia bacteriana

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Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

2015-02-01

Full Text Available La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos es un problema de salud mundial que se encuentra en constante evolución. De manera frecuente se reportan nuevos mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos, tanto en bacterias gram negativas como en gram positivas. La presencia de resistencia en una bacteria causante de infección disminuye las posibilidades de obtener la curación clínica y la erradicación bacteriológica e incrementa los costos del tratamiento, la morbilidad y la mortalidad; por lo que es importante seleccionar el tratamiento adecuado. Uno de los aspectos que más preocupa a los médicos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de una infección es la llamada resistencia adquirida, la cual ocurre en una bacteria inicialmente sensible a los antibióticos, por cambios, mutaciones o la adquisición de genes de resistencia durante el fenómeno de transferencia genética lateral, proceso por medio del cual un organismo transfiere material genético a otra célula que no es descendiente. La resistencia bacteriana adquirida a los antibióticos puede ser de distintos tipos, dependiendo de la presión selectiva, las mutaciones o la transferencia de genes de resistencia. Las definiciones de resistencia se clasifican según el número y clase de antibióticos afectados. La multirresistencia (Multiple Drug Resistance, MDR se define como la ausencia de sensibilidad a, por lo menos, un fármaco en tres o más de las categorías de antibióticos; la resistencia extrema (Extensively Drug-Resistant, XDR se refiere a la ausencia de sensibilidad a, por lo menos, un agente en todas las categorías de antimicrobianos, excepto en dos de ellas o menos, y la resistencia a todos los antimicrobianos se define como resistencia a todas las categorías de antibióticos. (1 Los mecanismos de resistencia dependen del tipo de bacteria que los desarrollen. Las bacterias gram positivas que producen con más frecuencias infecciones en humanos y que por

Nuevos métodos bacteriológicos para detectar y evitar la resistencia bacteriana

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Margaret Ordoñez-Smith de Danies

2003-09-01

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DEFINICIÓN DE LA RESISTENCIA

De acuerdo al COC (Centro de Control de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos, la resistencia se da cuando un medicamento deja de inhibir el crecimiento o matar un microorganismo. 

Hay dos tipos de resistencia la adquirida y la clínica. La adquirida se realiza en el laboratorio a través de las mutaciones o por transferencia de genes, sistemas de conjugación, transducción y transformación.

La resistencia clínica es la observada en la práctica médica, donde no todos los organismos son igualmente sensibles o resistentes a cierto antibiótico y que requiere la ayuda de técnicas de laboratorio para medir cuantitativamente o cualitativamente dicho proceso.

MECANISMOS DE LA RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA

En la detección de la Resistencia Bacteriana se han identificado diferentes mecanismos utilizados por las bacterias: destrucción o inactivación enzimática, cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana interna, alteraciones de los precursores de la pared celular, de la membrana y de los ribosomas.

Para los años 90 se dispuso de una serie de antimicrobianos como betalactámicos, aminoglucósidos, macrólidos, sulfonamidas, trimetoprim, cloranfenicol, glicopéptidos, rifampicina, quinolonas, tetraciclinas....

Tiempo libre de enfermedad en infecciones urinarias recurrentes según profilaxis con antibiótico o con vacuna bacteriana

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Santo Bueno, Pedro José

2014-01-01

[ES]Estudio comparativo de dos tipos de tratamientos profilacticos, antibioterapia supresiva y vacuna bacteriana, en infecciones urinarias de repetición, para determinar el tiempo libre de enfermedad, entendida como el tiempo transcurrido entre la finalización de la profilaxis y la aparición de un episodio de infeccion urinario.

Effect of lactic acid suppositories compared with oral metronidazole and placebo in bacterial vaginosis: a randomised clinical trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Boeke, A J; Dekker, J H; van Eijk, J T; Kostense, P J; Bezemer, P D

1993-01-01

OBJECTIVE--To compare the effect of lactic acid locally, metronidazole orally and placebo in women with bacterial vaginosis. DESIGN--Randomised clinical trial. SETTING--30 general practices in the Netherlands. PATIENTS--125 women consulting the general practitioner for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Duration of subjective symptoms, recurrence of symptoms, clinically diagnosed cure, adverse events. RESULTS--Survival analysis showed a significantly faster disappearance of symptoms in the metronidazole category compared with both lactic acid and placebo (p = 0.0005 metronidazole v placebo, p = 0.0002 metronidazole v lactic acid p = 0.6521 lactic acid v placebo [The stratified Mantel Cox test]). The median duration until absence of symptoms was 21 days for metronidazole and 80 days for placebo. Disappearance of symptoms did not occur in 50% of the lactic acid group in 90 days. Recurrence rates of symptoms were similar over the treatment categories (p = 0.13 metronidazole v placebo and p = 0.12 lactic acid v placebo). After 2 weeks cure rates (cure defined as less than three of four clinical criteria present) were 83%, 49% and 47% for metronidazole, lactic acid and placebo category respectively. At that time cure rates (cure defined as none of three clinical criteria present) were 10%, 0% and 3%. After four weeks and three months these figures were: 55%, 20%, 20% and 64%, 28%, 28%. No differences in adverse events were found between the three interventions. CONCLUSIONS--Lactic acid suppositories are ineffective, metronidazole capsules are effective on signs and symptoms in bacterial vaginosis. A considerable proportion of the patients recover without active medication. PMID:8244360

A STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN SEXUALLY ACTIVE FEMALES- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, GAYA

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Supriya Krishna

2018-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Vaginal discharge is very common problem among females. Alteration in balance of normal vaginal organisms can cause the overgrowth of the bacteria that creates vaginal discharge. It is common among sexually active women yet there still remain gaps in our knowledge of this infectious disorder. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV also called no-specific vaginitis develops when the normally predominant peroxide producing lactobacillus species in the vagina are replaced by mixed predominantly anaerobic flora consisting of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus species, Bacteroides species, Prevotela species, Peptostreptococcus species, Fusobacterium species and Porphyromonas species. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in sexually active females coming with the chief complaint of vaginal discharge to Obstetrics and Gynaecological OPD Bihar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 otherwise healthy women of reproductive age group with the complaint of excessive vaginal discharge were included in the study. We exclude the patients who are married, women with known skin disease and post-menopausal. Normal saline wet-mount slide preparations were made for detection of motile trichomonads. Gram stained smear were prepared and scored as per classification developed by Nugent. The presence of pseudohyphae and/or budding yeast cells was considered diagnostic of candidal infection. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 28 years. Most common cause was bacterial vaginosis (positive= 18.5 %; intermediate score= 19.5 %, followed by candidiasis (13.5% and trichomoniasis (0.5%. No etiological diagnosis for vaginal discharge could be established in approximately half of the women. Only one woman was HIV positive; one was reactive by VDRL and TPHA tests. CONCLUSION In addition, the laboratory services network needs to be strengthened to ensure accurate and standardized availability of diagnostic

Evaluation of vaginal pH for detection of bacterial vaginosis

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R Hemalatha

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives : Bacterial vaginosis (BV is highly prevalent among women in reproductive age group. Little information exists on routine vaginal p H measurement in women with BV. We undertook this study to assess the utility of vaginal p H determination for initial evaluation of bacterial vaginosis. Methods : In this cross-sectional study vaginal swabs were collected from women with complaints of white discharge, back ache and pain abdomen attending a government hospital and a community health clinic, and subjected to vaginal p H determination, Gram stain, wet mount and whiff test. Nugent score and Amsel criteria were used for BV confirmation. Results : Of the 270 women included in the analysis, 154 had BV based on Nugents′ score. The mean vaginal p H in women with BV measured by p H strips and p H glove was 5 and 4.9, respectively. The vaginal p H was significantly higher in women with BV. Vaginal discharge was prevalent in 84.8 per cent women, however, only 56.8 per cent of these actually had BV by Nugent score (NS. Presence of clue cells and positive whiff test were significant for BV. Vaginal p H >4.5 by p H strips and p H Glove had a sensitivity of 72 and 79 per cent and specificity of 60 and 53 per cent, respectively to detect BV. Among the combination criteria, clue cells and glove p H >4.5 had highest sensitivity and specificity to detect BV. Interpretation & conclusions : Vaginal p H determination is relatively sensitive, but less specific in detecting women with BV. Inclusion of whiff test along with p H test reduced the sensitivity, but improved specificity. Both, the p H strip and p H glove are equally suitable for screening women with BV on outpatient basis.

‘Corynebacterium fournierii,’ a new bacterial species isolated from the vaginal sample of a patient with bacterial vaginosis

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K. Diop

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Here we describe briefly ‘Corynebacterium fournierii’ strain Marseille P2948 (= CSUR P2948 = DSM103271, a new bacterium that was isolated from the vaginal sample of a 21-year-old woman with bacterial vaginosis.

Frecuencia de aislamientos microbiológicos y perfil de resistencia bacteriana en 13 clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad en Santiago de Cali - Colombia

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Ernesto Martínez Buitrago

Full Text Available Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana se consolida como una amenaza para los sistemas de salud en el manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas. La vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos regionales para el desarrollo de medidas de contención y gestión del uso adecuado de antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Describir los aislamientos microbiológicos y perfiles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de las principales bacterias gram-negativas y gram-positivas en clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo enmarcado en la estrategia de vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana desarrollado entre el año 2010 al 2012 en 13 instituciones de alta complejidad. Se recolectaron archivos mensualmente en formato WHONET, se realizaron pruebas de calidad de datos. El análisis fue estratificado por tipos de localización hospitalaria, además de análisis de tendencia a través de los 3 años de seguimiento. Resultados: El 65% de los aislamientos son bacterias de la familia enterobacteriaceae y el 11,4% corresponden a Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli presenta hasta un 17% de resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.ª generación mientras que Klebsiella pneumoniae ha incrementado su perfil de resistencia a carbapenémicos hasta un 2,7% en las UCI; Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenta un perfil MDR de hasta el 21% en UCI y salas de hospitalización general. Conclusiones: Existen altas prevalencias de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en la región; se requiere fortalecer estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de la resistencia bacteriana en ambientes hospitalarios y de la comunidad.

Resistencia bacteriana Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents

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Jesualdo Fuentes

1993-01-01

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Se presenta un panorama de la resistencia bacteriana incluyendo su fisiopatogenia y formas de presentación y se establecen algunas consideraciones generales de tipo clínico como auxiliares para racionalizar el uso de los antimicrobianos y evitar o retardar el problema de la resistencia; éste plantea la necesidad de un reordenamiento definitivo en la prescripción de antimicrobianos. No será tanto la creación o descubrimiento de nuevos antibióticos sino la racionalización del manejo de los existentes lo que permitirá alcanzar victorias sobre estos microorganismos. Es Importante mantener educación continua sobre el uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos desde los puntos de vista epidemiológico, farmacocinético y fisiopatogénico.

An overview on bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is presented. It includes the different genetic mechanisms for Its development and the biochemical phenomena that explain It. Some clinical considerations are proposed in order to rationalize the use of these drugs and to avoid or delay the appearance of resistance.

Dinâmica das populações bacterianas em solos de Cerrados Dynamic of bacterial populations from Cerrado soils

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João Carlos Pereira

1999-05-01

Full Text Available Nos ambientes tropicais, os Cerrados destacam-se pelo seu potencial agrícola. Apesar das funções dos microrganismos no crescimento das plantas e na produtividade das culturas, existem poucas informações dos efeitos resultantes do manejo do solo, na ecologia microbiana. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos das condições ambientais e das práticas agrícolas sobre as populações bacterianas. As densidades das populações em solos com vegetação nativa foram variáveis e diferenciadas. Em Sete Lagoas, MG, as populações de actinomicetos variaram de 1,7 a 50 X 10(4 UFC/g de solo seco, enquanto em Planaltina as densidades das populações bacterianas em solo com primeiro e segundo ano de cultivo de soja foram semelhantes, mas superiores ao solo com vegetação nativa. A utilização agrícola deste solo não resultou em desequilíbrios acentuados das populações de actinomicetos provenientes de esporos e hifas. As relações esporos/hifas variaram de 1,1 a 5,8. Na rizosfera da soja, os coeficientes de correlação entre as populações de actinomicetos com as demais populações bacterianas foram significativos. Os resultados evidenciam que as práticas agrícolas utilizadas na introdução da cultura da soja em solos de Cerrados pode influenciar o equilíbrio das populações na comunidade bacteriana.Among tropical environments, Cerrados stand out because of its agriculture potencial. Although microorganisms play an important role on soil sustainability and crop production, few information is available on the effects of soil management systems on Cerrado's microbial ecology. In this study the effects of environmental conditions and soil management practices on bacterial populations were evaluated. Bacterial population densities in soil under native vegetation were variable and diferentiated. Actinomycetes densities varied from 1.7 to 50 X 10(4 CFU/g dry soil in Sete Lagoas region, Brazil, whereas bacterial populations in both the

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery - a clinical recommendation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haahr, Thor; Ersbøll, Anne S; Karlsen, Mona A

2016-01-01

IntroductionBacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota with a depletion of Lactobacillus spp. In pregnancy, prevalence's between 7 and 30% have been reported depending on the study population and the definition. BV may be associated with an increased risk...

Biossíntese e caracterização de nanocelulose bacteriana para engenharia de tecidos

OpenAIRE

Fischer, Michele Roberta; Garcia, Michele Cristina Formolo; Nogueira, André Lourenço; Porto, Luismar Marques; Schneider, Andréa Lima dos Santos; Pezzin, Ana Paula Testa

2018-01-01

RESUMO Queimaduras causam lesões do revestimento epitelial, a partir de um agente externo, podendo variar desde uma pequena bolha flictena até formas mais graves, capazes de desencadear respostas sistêmicas. O uso de curativos contendo substâncias cicatrizantes e antimicrobianas é uma opção para terapia local. Os curativos de nanocelulose bacteriana (BNC) já demonstraram seu grande potencial de aplicação devido às suas propriedades como alto teor de pureza, alto poder de absorção de água e ót...

Analysis of bacterial vaginosis-related amines in vaginal fluid by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolrath, H; Forsum, U; Larsson, P G; Borén, H

2001-11-01

The presence of various amines in vaginal fluid from women with malodorous vaginal discharge has been reported before. The investigations have used several techniques to identify the amines. However, an optimized quantification, together with a sensitive analysis method in connection with a diagnostic procedure for vaginal discharge, including the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis, as defined by the accepted "gold standard," has not been done before. We now report a sensitive gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric method for identifying the amines isobutylamine, phenethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine in vaginal fluid. We used weighted samples of vaginal fluid to obtain a correct quantification. In addition, a proper diagnosis was obtained using Gram-stained smears of the vaginal fluid that were Nugent scored according to the method of Nugent et al. (R. P. Nugent et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 29:297-301, 1991). We found that putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine occurred in high concentrations in vaginal fluid from 24 women with Nugent scores between 7 and 10. These amines either were not found or were found only in very low concentrations in vaginal fluid from women with Nugent scores of 0 to 3. There is a strong correlation between bacterial vaginosis and the presence of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine in high concentrations in vaginal fluid.

Endocarditis bacteriana por Kocuria kristinae en paciente inmunocompetente. Reporte de un caso

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Alirio R. Bastidas, MD

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Las infecciones por microorganismos del género Kocuria spp. han sido descritas con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y estados de inmunosupresión. Comúnmente, no se ha reportado su aislamiento como causa de endocarditis en pacientes jóvenes e inmunocompetentes. Se deben diferenciar de las infecciones producidas por Staphylococcus spp. ya que su evolución clínica puede ser similar y sólo el aislamiento y tipificación en cultivos permite hacer el diagnóstico etiológico definitivo y dirigir la terapia antibiótica adecuada. Se describe el caso de un paciente joven e inmunocompetente que cursó con endocarditis bacteriana, aislándose Kocuria kristinae en hemocultivos.

Cortisol salival como indicador de estrés fisiológico en niños y adultos: revisión sistemática

OpenAIRE

M. J. Aguilar Cordero; A. M. Sánchez López; N. Mur Villar; I. García García; M. A. Rodríguez López; A. Ortegón Piñero; E. Cortes Castell

2014-01-01

El cortisol salival es una hormona esteoridea producida en el eje hipotálamo-pitutitario-adrenal que se segrega en la saliva, sobre todo cuando las personas se estresan. Un nivel elevado de cortisol en saliva puede ser producido por muchos factores diferentes, entre los que se encuentran algunas alteraciones, como la obesidad y otras afecciones psicológicas. Los artículos seleccionados para ser incluidos en esta revisión se tomaron de Google Scholar y Medline, y con un total de 57 artículos. ...

Analysis of Bacterial Vaginosis-Related Amines in Vaginal Fluid by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

OpenAIRE

Wolrath, Helen; Forsum, Urban; Larsson, P. G.; Borén, Hans

2001-01-01

The presence of various amines in vaginal fluid from women with malodorous vaginal discharge has been reported before. The investigations have used several techniques to identify the amines. However, an optimized quantification, together with a sensitive analysis method in connection with a diagnostic procedure for vaginal discharge, including the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis, as defined by the accepted “gold standard,” has not been done before. We now report a sensitive gas chromatographi...

Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Senok, Abiola C; Verstraelen, Hans; Temmerman, Marleen; Botta, Giuseppe A

2009-10-07

The dominance of lactobacilli in healthy vaginal microbiota and its depletion in bacterial vaginosis (BV) has given rise to the concept of oral or vaginal instillation of probiotic Lactobacillus strains for the management of this condition. To ascertain the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of BV. We searched electronic databases irrespective of publication status or language. These included: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the HIV/AIDS and STD Cochrane Review Groups' specialized registers, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field's Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (1966 to 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2007), ISI science citation index (1955 to 2007), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (1982 to 2007).We handsearched of specialty journals, conference proceedings and publications list on the website of the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (http://www.isapp.net/default.asp).For unpublished studies or ongoing trials, we contacted authors from relevant publications, nutraceutical companies and probiotic-related scientific associations. We searched electronic databases on ongoing clinical trials. Randomized controlled trials using probiotics for the treatment of women of any age diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, regardless of diagnostic method used. The probiotic preparation could be single or "cocktail" of strains, any preparation type/dosage/route of administration. Studies comparing probiotics with placebo, probiotics used in conjunction with conventional antibiotics compared with placebo or probiotics alone compared with conventional antibiotics were eligible for inclusion. We screened titles and abstracts , obtained full reports of relevant trialsand independently appraised them for eligibility. A data extraction form was used to extract data from the four included studies. For dichotomous outcomes, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived for each

Vaginal lactobacilli inhibiting growth of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus and other bacterial species cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Skarin, A; Sylwan, J

1986-12-01

On a solid agar medium the growth-inhibitory effect of 9 Lactobacillus strains cultured from vaginal content was tested on bacteria cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis: Mobiluncus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides and anaerobic cocci. Inhibition zones were observed in the growth of all of the strains isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis around all lactobacilli. The inhibitory effect of the lactobacilli was further tested on various anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic species, both type strains and fresh extragenitally cultured strains. Four Bacteroides fragilis strains as well as 2 out of 4 Staphylococcus aureus strains were clearly inhibited by the lactobacilli. The inhibition zones were generally wider at pH 5.5 than at 6.0. For all inhibited strains, (the S. aureus excepted) a low pH on the agar around the lactobacilli correlated to wider growth-inhibition zones.

Few microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis may constitute the pathologic core: a population-based microbiologic study among 3596 pregnant women

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Thorsen, P; Jensen, I P; Jeune, B

1998-01-01

) between the microorganisms isolated from the lower genital tract in pregnant women with and without clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred ninety-six (3596) pregnant women were asked to participate. Of the 3596 pregnant women 3174 (88.4%) agreed to participate...

Perfil etiológico das meningites bacterianas em crianças Etiological profile of bacterial meningitis in children

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Orlando C. Mantese

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: analisar o perfil etiológico e alguns aspectos epidemiológicos das crianças com meningite bacteriana, internadas em um hospital público universitário. Métodos: foram seguidas, prospectivamente, as crianças internadas com meningite bacteriana, diagnosticada segundo os critérios clínicos e laboratoriais habituais. Foram excluídos os casos de meningite pós-trauma, de meningite na vigência de derivação liquórica, ou de defeitos congênitos do tubo neural, e de meningite tuberculosa. Resultados: foram analisadas 415 crianças internadas com diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana, no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no período de 01/01/1987 a 31/01/2001. O agente etiológico foi identificado em 315 pacientes (75,9%, sendo de modo definitivo em 289 (69,3% e presuntivo, por intermédio da bacterioscopia, em outros 26 (6,6%. Os agentes mais comumente identificados foram o Haemophilus influenzae b (54,2%, o meningococo (20,6% e o pneumococo (18,1% dos 315 pacientes. O tratamento antimicrobiano prévio, detectado em 47,2% dos casos, causou uma diminuição significante no rendimento das culturas de sangue (de 50,8% para 38,7% e de liquor (71,7% para 57,6%. Houve um predomínio do acometimento de crianças com idade até 48 meses pelo Haemophilus influenzae b, particularmente em relação ao meningococo. A letalidade geral foi de 10,1%, com diferença significante entre a letalidade do pneumococo, de 17,5%, e a do meningococo, de 4,6%. Conclusões: as crianças afetadas por Haemophilus influenzae b e por pneumococo foram mais jovens que aquelas com meningite por meningococo. A hemocultura e a cultura de liquor continuam sendo importantes recursos laboratoriais para o diagnóstico etiológico da meningite bacteriana, apesar do impacto negativo causado em seu rendimento pelo tratamento antibiótico prévio. Os agentes mais comumente isolados foram o Haemophilus influenzae b, o meningococo e o pneumococo. A

Vaginal Microbiomes Associated With Aerobic Vaginitis and Bacterial Vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaambo, Evelyn; Africa, Charlene; Chambuso, Ramadhani; Passmore, Jo-Ann Shelley

2018-01-01

A healthy vaginal microbiota is considered to be significant for maintaining vaginal health and preventing infections. However, certain vaginal bacterial commensal species serve an important first line of defense of the body. Any disruption of this microbial barrier might result in a number of urogenital conditions including aerobic vaginitis (AV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). The health of the vagina is closely associated with inhabitant microbiota. Furthermore, these microbes maintain a low vaginal pH, prevent the acquisition of pathogens, stimulate or moderate the local innate immune system, and further protect against complications during pregnancies. Therefore, this review will focus on vaginal microbial "health" in the lower reproductive tract of women and on the physiological characteristics that determine the well-being of reproductive health. In addition, we explore the distinct versus shared characteristics of BV and AV, which are commonly associated with increased risk for preterm delivery.

Vaginal Microbiomes Associated With Aerobic Vaginitis and Bacterial Vaginosis

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Evelyn Kaambo

2018-03-01

Full Text Available A healthy vaginal microbiota is considered to be significant for maintaining vaginal health and preventing infections. However, certain vaginal bacterial commensal species serve an important first line of defense of the body. Any disruption of this microbial barrier might result in a number of urogenital conditions including aerobic vaginitis (AV and bacterial vaginosis (BV. The health of the vagina is closely associated with inhabitant microbiota. Furthermore, these microbes maintain a low vaginal pH, prevent the acquisition of pathogens, stimulate or moderate the local innate immune system, and further protect against complications during pregnancies. Therefore, this review will focus on vaginal microbial “health” in the lower reproductive tract of women and on the physiological characteristics that determine the well-being of reproductive health. In addition, we explore the distinct versus shared characteristics of BV and AV, which are commonly associated with increased risk for preterm delivery.

Endocarditis bacteriana por Kocuria kristinae en paciente inmunocompetente: Reporte de un caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alirio R Bastidas

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Las infecciones por microorganismos del género Kocuria spp. han sido descritas con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y estados de inmunosupresión. Comúnmente, no se ha reportado su aislamiento como causa de endocarditis en pacientes jóvenes e inmunocompetentes. Se deben diferenciar de las infecciones producidas por Staphylococcus spp. ya que su evolución clínica puede ser similar y sólo el aislamiento y tipifi cación en cultivos permite hacer el diagnóstico etiológico defi nitivo y dirigir la terapia antibiótica adecuada. Se describe el caso de un paciente joven e inmunocompetente que cursó con endocarditis bacteriana, aislándose Kocuria kristinae en hemocultivos.

Técnicas de fermentación y aplicaciones de la celulosa bacteriana: una revisión

OpenAIRE

Carreño Pineda, Luz Dary; Caicedo Mesa, Luis Alfonso; Martínez Riascos, Carlos Arturo

2012-01-01

La celulosa bacteriana es un polímero obtenido por fermentación con microrganismos de los géneros Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium y Sarcina, de las cuales la especie más eficiente es la Acetobacter Xylinum. Este polímero presenta la misma estructura química de la celulosa de origen vegetal, pero difiere en su conformación y propiedades fisicoquímicas, lo que lo hace atractivo para diversas aplicaciones, especialmente en las áreas de alimentos, procesos de separación, catálisis y en medi...

Infección bacteriana severa en niños febriles: Parámetros predictivos

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Alicia Álvarez Rodríguez

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Diferentes investigadores han realizado estudios sobre el manejo del niño febril y plantean que es un dilema al que se enfrenta a diario el médico que atiende niños. Motivados por este tema se efectuó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los niños febriles, sin causa aparente en su valoración inicial, que asistieron al servicio de urgencias en un período de 9 meses, con el objetivo de identificar el diagnóstico definitivo al egreso y se precisó el tipo de infección bacteriana severa y relacionó la presencia de éstos con parámetros clínicos y de laboratorios. El mayor número de niños febriles valorados e ingresados mostraron edades desde 91 días hasta 36 meses. El menor porcenaje de ellos ingresaron y desarrollaron alguna infección bacteriana severa principalmente neumonía, y fue mayor el porcentaje de niños con esta patología a menos edad con predominio del aspecto tóxico y de la temperatura 39 EC. Resultó el manejo ambulatorio del niño febril mayor de 90 días y bajo riesgo de infección bacteriana severa un ahorro en vidas y dinero, por lo que se recomienda generalizar el flujograma propuesto para la evaluación y manejo del niño febril de 3 a 36 meses de edad.Different researches have performed studies on the management of the febrile infant and they point out that this is a dilemma faced by every physician who takes care of children. Motivated by this subject, a descriptive and retrospective study of febrile infants was conducted. The study was carried out to evaluate febrile infants without evident cause at the baseline evaluation who attended the emergency service during a period of 9 months with the objective of identifying the definite diagnosis at admission. The type of bacterial infection was accurately assessed and the presence of this was related to clinical and laboratory parameters. The greatest number of febrile infants evaluated and admitted to hospital were 91 days-36 months old. The lowest percentage

Prevalencia de erosión dental en escolares de Tampico, Madero, Altamira y su relación con el pH salival

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Diana Monserrat-Gutiérrez-Oviedo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La erosión dental es la pérdida de la superficie del diente causada por el ataque ácido y es un problema de salud dental en el mundo moderno; determinar su etiología y factores de riesgo permitirán tratarla y prevenirla correctamente antes de que se presente un daño más severo. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de erosión dental en escolares de Tampico, Madero, Altamira y su relación con el pH salival. Material y Métodos: Fue un estudio observacional y transversal, se examinaron a 510 escolares de Tampico, Madero y Altamira. Se utilizó el índice de erosión de Aine. Resultados: De los 510 escolares, 63 presentaron una frecuencia de erosión dental del 12.35%, de los cuales 35 (13.67% fueron niñas y 28 (11.02% niños. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y niñas (p=.36. En relación con el pH salival no se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas. (p=.11. El órgano dental más afectado fue el 46 (7.20% y el 63 (4.93%. El grado que más prevaleció fue grado 1 (8.03%. En cuanto a la superficie más afectada fue la vestibular. Conclusiones: Es importante para el odontopediatra detectar los signos de erosión en etapas iníciales, identificar la causa y vigilar la nutrición de los niños que presentan erosión para prevenirla oportunamente.

Diversidad específica bacteriana en murciélagos de distintos gremios alimenticios en la sierra sur de Oaxaca, México

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Mónica Marcela Galicia J.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los estudios sobre ecología bacteriana de la micro- biota en los murciélagos son limitados, dicha información es importante para determinar la importancia de esta interacción entre microbiota y hospedero, por tal motivo el objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la composición y diversidad bacteriana en las regiones orales y anales de 10 especies de quirópteros con relación al gremio alimenticio a través de medios selectivos, cromogénicos y pruebas bio- químicas. Se muestrearon 502 murciélagos frugívoros, 29 hematófagos y 11 nectívoros, fueron encontradas un total de 26 especies bacterianas, siendo predominantes el filo proteobacterias y la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el microhabitat oral y anal [frugívoros (t=-3.516, g.l=14.761, p=0.003, hematófagos (t=-3.320, g.l=19.262, p=0.003, y nectívoros (t=-2.497, g.l=11.933, p=0.026, así como en algunos gremios (frugívoros e nectívoros en la región anal (t=2.274, g.l=29.660, p=0.030, hematófago y nectívoros en la región anal (t=2.077, g.l=29.904, p=0.049]. También se mostró que existe especificidad de bacterias en algunos gremios como: Bacillus cereus, B. spp. X. spp. en nectívoros y frugívoros, así como, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis, Aeromonas hydrophyla en hematófagos que podría deberse al tipo de dieta que llevan o por transferencia de bacterias al contacto con sus presas. Los murciélagos han sido relacionados con varias zoonosis, sin embargo poco se conoce sobre la relación que existe entre el murciélago, su micro- biota y la dieta que llevan. Estas bacterias pudieran ser autóctonas de los murciélagos y jugar un papel de mutuo beneficio, proveyéndole al hospedero condiciones estables de crecimiento y nutrientes complementarios, mientras que la microbiota contribuye en la nutrición del hospedero, desarrollo del sistema inmune, estabilizando la

Illness during Pregnancy and Bacterial Vaginosis are Associated with In Utero HIV-1 Transmission

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Farquhar, Carey; Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy; Overbaugh, Julie; Wamalwa, Dalton; Harris, Jennifer; Bosire, Rose; John-Stewart, Grace

2009-01-01

HIV-1 transmission in utero accounts for 20–30% of vertical transmission events in breastfeeding populations. In a prospective study of 463 HIV-1-infected mothers and infants, illness during pregnancy was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk of in utero HIV-1 transmission (95% CI 1.2, 5.8) and bacterial vaginosis with a 3-fold increase (95% CI 1.0–7.0) after adjusting for maternal HIV-1 viral load. Interventions targeting these novel risk factors could lead to more effective prevention of transmission during pregnancy. PMID:19952542

Infecções bacterianas pioram o prognóstico da hepatite alcoólica Alcoholic hepatitis: bad prognosis due to concomitant bacterial infections

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Edna Strauss

2004-06-01

Full Text Available As infecções bacterianas cursam com altos índices de morbilidade e mortalidade na cirrose hepática. O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi avaliar se também na hepatite alcoólica as infecções bacterianas são fatores de mau prognóstico. Na avaliação retrospectiva de 681 pacientes hospitalizados em um único centro, por período de 6 anos, foram bem documentados 52 (7,5% casos de hepatite alcoólica, sendo 73,1% com biópsia hepática para análise histopatológica e os restantes por diagnóstico clínico-bioquímico. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (relação 3,3:1,0, com idade média de 40 anos e ingestão média de etanol puro de 193g/dia por mais de 3 anos. As principais complicações foram: encefalopatia hepática (n=5, insuficiência renal (n=4 e hemorragia digestiva alta (n=3. Houve infecção bacteriana em 11 (21,1% pacientes, sendo pulmonar (n=5, peritonite bacteriana espontânea (PBE (n=2, urinária (n=3 e dermatológica (n=1. Óbito precoce, durante o período de internação ocorreu em 8 (15,4% casos e a análise comparativa entre eles e os sobreviventes mostrou serem fatores de mau prognóstico a presença de encefalopatia hepática (p=0,012, bilirrubinas > 20mg% (p=0,012 e associação com infecções graves (pulmonar/PBE, com p=0,004. Em conclusão, demonstramos que as infecções bacterianas são fatores de mau prognóstico na hepatite alcoólica. Recomendamos, portanto, que a profilaxia com antibióticos que se faz durante hemorragia digestiva alta na cirrose e em casos de insuficiência hepática fulminante, seja estendida para a hepatite alcoólica, em sua forma grave, com finalidade de evitar infecções bacterianas e mortalidade precoce.Bacterial infections increase morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Our aim was to investigate whether in alcoholic hepatitis the development of bacterial infections was also a poor prognostic factor. In the retrospective evaluation of 681 hospitalized patients with liver disease

Nivel del PH salival en niños de 6 meses a 18 meses de edad con ingesta de leche evaporada modificada y leche materna

OpenAIRE

Flores Concha, Paulita

2010-01-01

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el nivel del pH salival en niños de 6 meses a 18 meses de edad con ingesta de leche evaporada modificada y leche materna, en el Programa Nacional Wawa Wasi del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, según el tiempo transcurrido. Material y método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 40 niños de 6 meses a 18 meses de edad, distribuidos en dos grupos: 20 que consumieron leche materna y 20 que ingirieron leche evaporada modificada. Se les dio a tomar la leche ...

Association of viridans group streptococci from pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and upper genital tract infection.

OpenAIRE

Rabe, L K; Winterscheid, K K; Hillier, S L

1988-01-01

The prevalence and role of viridans group streptococci in the female genital tract have not been well described. In this study of 482 pregnant women, 147 (30%) were culture positive for viridans group streptococci. Of 392 women with predominant Lactobacillus morphotypes by Gram stain (normal), 110 (28%) were colonized with viridans group streptococci, compared with 37 (41%) of 90 women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) (P = 0.02). To determine whether any species were associated with BV, 177 cons...

Eficacia de cinco desinfectantes para la reducción bacteriana doméstica

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Julián Stambullian

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El uso adecuado de hipoclorito de sodio, sales de amonio cuaternario y triclosán ha demostrado ser eficaz para eliminar gérmenes dentro del hogar. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia inmediata, a la semana y al mes del uso controlado de cinco productos con estos componentes, comparados con otros productos de uso habitual. Se incluyeron 32 hogares de clase media de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y la periferia en un estudio con intervención, abierto, aleatorizado, y de grupos paralelos, durante 6 meses. La mitad de los hogares fue seleccionada para usar hipoclorito de sodio, sales de amonio cuaternario y triclosán en la cocina y el baño durante un mes. El grupo control mantuvo prácticas habituales de limpieza doméstica. Se tomaron muestras para recuento y tipificación bacteriana de los sitios estudiados: muestras basales (sin discriminación de grupo en cocina, que presentaron recuento bacteriano promedio de 66.0 UFC/cm²; baño: 40.1 UFC/cm². Las muestras inmediatas a la limpieza (sin discriminación de grupo: en cocina: 0.8 UFC/cm²; baño: <1 UFC/cm². A la semana (grupo intervenido vs. grupo control: cocina 18.0 vs. 32.5 UFC/cm²; baño 12.7 vs. 7.7 UFC/cm². Al mes (intervenido vs. control: cocina: 60.1 vs. 62.1 UFC/cm²; baño: 37.0 vs. 42.0 UFC/cm². Se observó una notable disminución de la carga bacteriana en ambos grupos, lo que sugiere que no sólo la calidad de los productos sino también la educación en el uso desempeñan un papel clave en la desinfección del hogar. Este enfoque podría ser una herramienta importante para prevenir infecciones transmitidas por alimentos, dado que los coliformes fecales predominaron ampliamente en todas las muestras tipificadas.

Escova dental e dedeira na remoção da placa bacteriana dental em cães The dental brush and thumb-stall in the removal of the dental plaque in dogs

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Tânia Berbert Ferreira Lima

2004-02-01

Full Text Available A placa bacteriana é fator primário na formação de gengivite, cálculo dentário, halitose e doença periodontal. Objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de placa bacteriana dental removida pela escova dental e dedeira. Foram utilizados 60 cães machos e fêmeas de diferentes raças, idade e peso, divididos em dois grupos. O índice Logan & Boyce foi utilizados para quantificar a placa bacteriana antes e após a escovação. Observou-se diferença estatística (p0,05 entre a utilização da escova dental e a dedeira.The dental plaque is the primary factor for gingivitis formation, dental calculus, oral malodor and periodontal disease. To evaluate the amount of dental plaque removed by the dental brush and thumb-stall, 60 male and female dogs of different races, age and weight were divided in two groups and studies. The index of Logan & Boyce was used to quantify the dental plaque before and after the toothbrush. Statistical difference was observed (p 0.05 between the use of the dental brush and the thumb-stall.

BF-30 effectively inhibits ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in vitro and in a rat model of vaginosis.

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Wang, Jing; Li, Bing; Li, Yang; Dou, Jie; Hao, Qingru; Tian, Yuwei; Wang, Hui; Zhou, Changlin

2014-07-01

Bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains. Cathelicidin-BF (BF-30) is a cathelicidin-like antimicrobial peptide and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of BF-30 against ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was examined, and the protective effects of this peptide against these bacteria in rats with bacterial vaginosis were identified for the first time. The data showed that BF-30 had effective antimicrobial activities against ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli and S. aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for both bacterial strains were 16 μg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations were 64 and 128 μg/ml, respectively. A time course experiment showed that the CFU counts rapidly decreased after BF-30 treatment, and the bacteria were nearly eliminated within 4 h. BF-30 could reduce the fold change (CFU/ml) in local colonization by drug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus to 0.01 at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg/day in the rats' vaginal secretions. In addition, BF-30 induced membrane permeabilization and bound to the genomic DNA, interrupting protein synthesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BF-30 has potential therapeutic value for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Microbial Composition Predicts Genital Tract Inflammation and Persistent Bacterial Vaginosis in South African Adolescent Females.

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Lennard, Katie; Dabee, Smritee; Barnabas, Shaun L; Havyarimana, Enock; Blakney, Anna; Jaumdally, Shameem Z; Botha, Gerrit; Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Lewis, David A; Gray, Glenda; Mulder, Nicola; Passmore, Jo-Ann S; Jaspan, Heather B

2018-01-01

Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed three clusters (subtypes), one of which was strongly associated with genital inflammation. In a multivariate model, the microbiome compositional subtype and hormonal contraception were significantly associated with genital inflammation. We identified 40 taxa significantly associated with inflammation, including those reported previously ( Prevotella , Sneathia , Aerococcus , Fusobacterium , and Gemella ) as well as several novel taxa (including increased frequencies of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 [BVAB1], BVAB2, BVAB3, Prevotella amnii , Prevotella pallens , Parvimonas micra , Megasphaera , Gardnerella vaginalis , and Atopobium vaginae and decreased frequencies of Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus crispatus , Lactobacillus jensenii , and Lactobacillus iners ). Women with inflammation-associated microbiomes had significantly higher body mass indices and lower levels of endogenous estradiol and luteinizing hormone. Community functional profiling revealed three distinct vaginal microbiome subtypes, one of which was characterized by extreme genital inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV); this subtype could be predicted with high specificity and sensitivity based on the Nugent score (≥9) or BVAB1 abundance. We propose that women with this BVAB1-dominated subtype may have chronic genital inflammation due to persistent BV, which may place them at a particularly high risk for HIV infection. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic kit (FemExam) for bacterial vaginosis in patients with vaginal discharge syndrome in The Gambia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

West, Beryl; Morison, Linda; Schim van der Loeff, Maarten; Gooding, Euphemia; Awasana, Akum Aveika; Demba, Edward; Mayaud, Philippe

2003-01-01

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in resource-poor primary health care settings is often overlooked; there is a need for a cheap, rapid, objective point-of-care diagnostic test. The goal was to determine the prevalence of BV and to evaluate the performance of a new commercial diagnostic test kit

The effects of lactobacillus suppositories in the recovery and recur-rence of bacterial vaginosis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

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Soror Roozafzay

2014-08-01

Conclusion: The protective effects of lactobacillus in dealing with anaerobic patho-gens as well as the negative impact of metronidazole on lactobacillus of vaginal flora, use of lactobacillus along with metronidazole especially in patients with recurrent infec-tions is recommended. In other words, using lactobacillus with metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis is more effective than metronidazole alone.

Molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: Does adjustment for total bacterial load or human cellular content improve diagnostic performance?

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Plummer, E L; Garland, S M; Bradshaw, C S; Law, M G; Vodstrcil, L A; Hocking, J S; Fairley, C K; Tabrizi, S N

2017-02-01

We investigated the utility of quantitative PCR assays for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and found that while the best model utilized bacterial copy number adjusted for total bacterial load (sensitivity=98%, specificity=93%, AUC=0.95[95%CI=0.93,0.97]), adjusting for total bacterial or human cell load did not consistently increase the diagnostic performance of the assays. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Revisão sistemática do uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante na meningite bacteriana em crianças Revisión sistemática del uso de la dexametasona como terapia adyuvante en la meningitis bacteriana en niños Systematic review of dexamethasone as an adjuvant therapy for bacterial meningitis in children

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João Antonio G. G. Prats

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a melhor evidência disponível nos últimos 15 anos com relação aos benefícios da terapia adjuvante com dexametasona na meningite bacteriana em população pediátrica. FONTES DE DADOS: Das bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, foram analisados ensaios clínicos randomizados de 1996 a 2011, os quais comparavam a dexametasona ao placebo e/ou a outra terapia adjuvante em pacientes com meningite bacteriana diagnosticada laboratorialmente por critérios quimiocitológicos e/ou bacteriológicos, na faixa etária de 29 dias aos 18 anos. Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade e ocorrência de sequelas neurológicas e/ou auditivas. Foram excluídos estudos relacionados à meningite tuberculosa. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Com os critérios utilizados, foram identificadas cinco publicações correspondentes a quatro protocolos de estudo. Nenhum dos estudos mostrou diferenças entre a dexametasona e o placebo para os desfechos avaliados. Os estudos analisados tiveram alta qualidade (escore de Jadad et al=5. CONCLUSÕES: As evidências encontradas na literatura são insuficientes para indicar de forma rotineira o uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante para redução de mortalidade, perda auditiva e sequelas neurológicas em pacientes pediátricos com meningite bacteriana não tuberculosa.OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tiene por objetivo el análisis de la mejor evidencia disponible los últimos 15 años respecto a los beneficios de la terapia adyuvante con dexametasona en la meningitis bacteriana en población pediátrica por medio de revisión sistemática. FUENTES DE DATOS: De las bases de datos Medline, Lilacs y ScieLO, se analizaron ensayos clínicos aleatorios de 1996 a 2011 que comparaban la dexametasona al placebo y/u otra terapia adyuvante, en pacientes con meningitis bacteriana diagnosticada laboratorialmente por criterios quimiocitológicos y/o bacteriológicos, en la franja de edad de 29 días a 18 años. Los desenlaces

Plaque removal by manual and electric toothbrushing among children Remoção de placa bacteriana pela escovação elétrica e manual em crianças

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Carolina Covolo da COSTA

2001-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of plaque control performed with electric and manual toothbrushes. Fifteen children with primary dentition and 14 children with mixed dentition were divided in two groups and randomly assigned to utilize a manual or an electric toothbrush. In the first session, professional plaque removal was performed, and the children spent 24 hours without brushing their teeth. In the second session, plaque was disclosed and assessed on all facial and lingual surfaces. After that, all children brushed their teeth with the predetermined toothbrush. The next procedure was the disclosure and measurement of residual plaque. After a period of 7 days, the children switched the kind of toothbrush, and the same procedures were repeated. According to the statistical analysis of the results, there were no significant differences concerning plaque removal when the toothbrushes were utilized by children with mixed dentition. On the other hand, the electric toothbrush promoted significantly greater plaque removal on the lingual surfaces of teeth from children with primary dentition.A proposta deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da remoção de placa bacteriana pelas escovações elétrica e manual. Quinze crianças portadoras de dentadura decídua e 14 crianças portadoras de dentadura mista foram divididas em dois grupos e, aleatoriamente, designadas a utilizar a escova manual ou a escova elétrica. Na primeira sessão, foi realizada completa remoção de placa bacteriana e após, as crianças permaneceram 24 horas sem escovar os dentes. Na segunda sessão, foi feita revelação de placa bacteriana e computação de seu índice para todas as faces vestibulares e linguais dos dentes. Depois, todos os participantes escovaram os dentes com a escova predeterminada. A próxima etapa foi a revelação e medição da placa residual. Decorridos 7 dias, as crianças trocaram para a outra escova dental e os mesmos

Displasia de Mondini asociada a meningitis bacteriana recurrente, correlación clínico-imagenológica

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Julianis Loraine Quintero Noa

Full Text Available Se describe la displasia de Mondini asociada a pérdida auditiva y meningitis bacteriana recurrente. La malformación de Mondini representa el 30 % de las anomalías congénitas del oído interno, puede ser unilateral o bilateral, y su principal característica consiste en el desarrollo coclear incompleto, causante de grados variables de hipoacusia neurosensorial. Se considera que la ocurrencia de esta malformación se produce por disrupción del desarrollo embrionario durante la séptima semana de gestación, en la cual se detiene el desarrollo coclear. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 12 años, atendida en los Servicios de Pediatría y Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler", por presentar 3 infecciones meningoencefálicas, en las cuales se aisló Streptococcus pneumoniae serotipo 19F, y se constató hipoacusia neurosensorial severa en el oído izquierdo. La tomografía axial computarizada de alta resolución del oído (cortes axiales y coronales, evidenció la malformación coclear y vestibular, con presencia de tejido en el oído medio que se comunicaba directamente con el oído interno del lado izquierdo a nivel de la ventana oval. Se destaca la importancia de la sospecha clínica de displasia de Mondini, y el impacto científico de la tomografía computarizada del hueso temporal, para el diagnóstico precoz de fístula congénita en el oído interno asociada a meningitis bacteriana recurrente.

Biomasa fúngica y bacteriana como indicadoras del secuestro de C en suelos de sabanas sustituidos por pinares en Uverito, Venezuela

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Magalis Zabala

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Cualquier transformación de un ecosistema natural a un sistema agrícola o forestal conduce a una modificación importante no sólo del pool del carbono total, sino también del carbono asociado con la biomasa microbiana. Su cuantificación es importante en la determinación del impacto de las prácticas agrícolas y el cambio de uso de la tierra sobre la calidad del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, a través del método de inhibición selectiva, la biomasa fúngica y bacteriana y la relación (H:B en suelos de sabana nativa sustituidos por pinares (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, para establecer si éstos parámetros son indicadores sensibles de cambios en el contenido de carbono en suelos de Uverito, Venezuela. La relación de aditividad del inhibidor (RAI y la inhibición total por efecto combinado del inhibidor (ITC se llevaron a cabo para determinar, si los inhibidores microbianos tuvieron actividad sobre otros organismos para los cuales éstos no estaban destinados. La cuantificación de la biomasa fúngica y bacteriana se llevó a cabo mediante el uso de la cycloheximida como inhibidor fúngico, y la estreptomicina y el cloranfenicol como inhibidores bacterianos. Esta investigación evidencia que este cambio de uso de la tierra ejerció un efecto significativo sobre la biomasa microbiana del suelo, y muestra que en el sistema de pinares existe una dominancia del componente fúngico, en contraste con la sabana nativa, en la cual domina la biomasa bacteriana. La sustitución de la sabana nativa por plantaciones de pino en Uverito, promueve un mayor secuestro del carbono en el suelo. Los valores de la relación de aditividad del inhibidor (RAI tanto para la sabana nativa como para el sistema de pinares, resultaron ambos >1.0. La inhibición total combinada (ITC resultó menor en el sistema de pinares; a partir de lo cual, es posible inferir que una elevada proporción de la biomasa microbiana fue afectada por la combinaci

Bacterial diversity in the sediments of a temperate artificial lake, Rapel reservoir Diversidad bacteriana en sedimentos de un lago artificial temperado, embalse Rapel

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CRISTINA DORADOR

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Rapel reservoir is an eutrophic system in Chile that has undergone a series of anthropogenic impacts in recent decades. To provide a better understanding of the processes occurring in the reservoir, we examined bacterial composition from surface sediments using traditional microbiology techniques and molecular biology tools. Our results showed significant temporal variation in the physical and chemical composition of the water column, but no depth-related differences during the study period. To detect temporal changes in bacterial composition, cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were extracted from the surface sediments and their concentration measured. Microbial diversity in sediments was represented by closest relatives of eight different bacterial phyla. The most frequently recovered phylotypes in the clone library of 16S rDNA were related to sulfate-reducing bacteria belong to the Deltaproteobacteria groupEl embalse Rapel es un sistema eutrófico en Chile que ha experimentado diversos impactos antropogénicos en las últimas décadas. Para conocer mejor los posibles procesos que ocurren en el embalse, la composición bacteriana fue estudiada en la zona superficial de los sedimentos utilizando técnicas microbiológicas tradicionales y herramientas de biología molecular. Nuestros resultados mostraron variación temporal significativa en la composición física y química del agua, no encontrándose diferencias de las variables medidas entre superficie y fondo en la columna de agua durante el período de estudio. Para detectar cambios temporales en la concentración y composición bacteriana, se midieron bacterias heterótrofas, heterótrofas oxidantes de fierro y bacterias reductoras de sulfato extraídas de la superficie de los sedimentos. La diversidad bacteriana en los sedimentos estuvo representada por 8 diferentes Phyla del dominio Bacteria. Los filotipos m

Bacterial vaginosis and the risk of trichomonas vaginalis acquisition among HIV-1-negative women.

Science.gov (United States)

Balkus, Jennifer E; Richardson, Barbra A; Rabe, Lorna K; Taha, Taha E; Mgodi, Nyaradzo; Kasaro, Margaret Phiri; Ramjee, Gita; Hoffman, Irving F; Abdool Karim, Salim S

2014-02-01

The vaginal microbiota may play a role in mediating susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, including Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Data were analyzed from HIV-1-seronegative women participating in HIV Prevention Trials Network Protocol 035. At quarterly visits for up to 30 months, participants completed structured interviews and specimens were collected for genital tract infection testing. T. vaginalis was detected by saline microscopy. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was characterized by Gram stain using the Nugent score (BV = 7-10; intermediate = 4-6; normal = 0-3 [reference group]). Cox proportional hazards models stratified by study site were used to assess the association between Nugent score category at the prior quarterly visit and TV acquisition. In this secondary analysis, 2920 participants from Malawi, South Africa, United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe contributed 16,259 follow-up visits. Bacterial vaginosis was detected at 5680 (35%) visits, and TV was detected at 400 (2.5%) visits. Adjusting for age, marital status, hormonal contraceptive use, unprotected sex in the last week and TV at baseline, intermediate Nugent score, and BV at the prior visit were associated with an increased risk of TV (intermediate score: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.19; BV: aHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.92-3.00). Sensitivity analyses excluding 211 participants with TV at baseline were similar to those from the full study population (intermediate score: aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10-2.14; BV: aHR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.75-2.84). Women with a Nugent score higher than 3 were at an increased risk for acquiring TV. If this relationship is causal, interventions that improve the vaginal microbiota could contribute to reductions in TV incidence.

Controle alternativo da murcha bacteriana do pimentão utilizando óleos essenciais vegetais e silicato de cálcio.

OpenAIRE

Aldenir de Oliveira Alves

2012-01-01

A murcha bacteriana do pimentão, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) raça 1, é uma fitobacteriose importante em Pernambuco e outros estados do Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivos testar o efeito de óleos vegetais e do silício (Si) no controle alternativo desta doença, seus efeitos diretos sobre Rs e verificar os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nestes processos. Os óleos essenciais de bergamota, canela, capim limão, copaíba, eucalipto citriodora, eucalipto globulus, funcho, hortel...

Sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis is equal to levels during bacterial vaginosis.

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Marconi, C; Donders, G G G; Bellen, G; Brown, D R; Parada, C M G L; Silva, M G

2013-04-01

To evaluate levels of proinflammatory cytokines and sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis (AV) in relation to normal vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis (BV). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 682 consecutive non-pregnant women attending the gynecology service were assessed and 408 women were included. Vaginal rinsing samples were collected from 223 women with microscopic finding of BV (n=98), aerobic vaginitis (n=25) and normal flora (n=100). Samples were tested for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and sialidase activity. Compared to women with normal flora, vaginal levels of IL-1β were highly increased in both BV and AV (pvaginal IL-6 was detected in AV (pvaginal flora types can be harmful to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal environment. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in patients with koilocytosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Campos, Ana Claudia Camargo; Freitas-Junior, Ruffo; Ribeiro, Luiz Fernando Jubé; Paulinelli, Régis Resende; Reis, Cleomenes

2008-11-01

Empirical discussion regarding an association between koilocytosis and vulvovaginitis often occurs. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginitis in women with and without koilocytosis. Analytical cross-sectional study including two cohorts of women (with and without koilocytosis) who attended a cancer hospital in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás. A total of 102 patients entered the study. The whiff test, Gram and Papanicolaou staining and bacterial and fungal culturing were performed. The results were observed using univariate analysis. The odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) of the variables were calculated; P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The prevalence of bacterial colonization was similar in patients with and without koilocytosis. The odds ratio for candidiasis was 1.43 (CI 1.05-1.95) and the odds ratio for trichomoniasis was 1.78 (CI 1.49-2.12), in patients with koilocytosis. The prevalence of candidiasis and trichomoniasis seems to be higher in patients with koilocytosis.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup: Comparison of clinical algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semiquantitative technique

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Rao P; Devi S; Shriyan A; Rajaram M; Jagdishchandra K

2004-01-01

This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a rural set up and compare the smear scoring system to that of culture by semiquantitative technique. A total of 505 married women, who were in sexually active age group of 15-44 years, were selected from three different villages. High vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, vaginal discharge and blood were collected and processed in the laboratory. Overall prevalenc...

USO DE PATRONES DE DIFRACCIÓN DE LUZ LÁSER Y ANÁLISIS DE IMAGENES PARA DIFERENCIACIÓN DE TRES TIPOS DE COLONIAS BACTERIANAS

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GLORIA ARANGO

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La diferenciación rápida de colonias bacterianas es esencial en muchos campos industriales, científicos y de salud humana y animal. Generalmente esa diferenciación se logra por técnicas microscópicas, bioquímicas o genéticas muy elaboradas que requieren tiempo y entrenamiento. En este estudio se utilizaron técnicas de análisis de imágenes sobre patrones de difracción de luz láser para evaluar su sensibilidad en la diferenciación de colonias bacterianas. Adicionalmente se estudió el efecto del tiempo de crecimiento de las colonias en la generación de estos patrones y se determinó la influencia de la cantidad de medio de cultivo en la difracción de luz láser. Los patrones de difracción del láser se obtuvieron sobre cultivos puros de cinco aislamientos bacterianos B1, B2, B3, B2Ca y B2Cb. En la primera prueba de diferenciación se utilizaron colonias de B2, B3, B2Ca. En el estudio del efecto del tiempo de crecimiento sobre patrones de difracción, las bacterias B1 y B2Cb con uno o dos días de crecimiento. Finalmente, el efecto de la cantidad de medio de cultivo en la difracción de la luz, se evaluó en una prueba en cajas petri con 10, 15 o 20 ml de medio de cultivo estéril sin colonias de bacterias. Mediante un análisis de escalado multidimensional realizado con los parámetros de textura extraídos de las imágenes de los patrones, se obtuvo un agrupamiento adecuado de los patrones asociados a las colonias de cada bacteria evaluada, lo cual indicó que las colonias bacterianas se pueden diferenciar por sus patrones de difracción. Adicionalmente se encontró que no hay variaciones significativas en los patrones de difracción obtenidos de dos aislamientos bacterianos en dos tiempos de crecimiento. El espesor del medio de cultivo afectó la difracción del haz de luz pues patrones obtenidos de cajas petri con 10 ml se separan completamente de los patrones obtenidos con 15 y 20 ml, aunque no hay diferencias entre los dos

Evaluation of tomato rootstocks and its use to control bacterial wilt diseaseAvaliação de porta-enxertos de tomateiro e o uso da enxertia no controle da murcha bacteriana

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Francisco Ferraz Laranjeira

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Tomato plants are susceptible to bacterial wilting, which causes production losses varying from 10 to 100 %. A method for controlling this disease is the use of grafting on resistant rootstocks. This work had the objective of evaluating tomato genotypes for the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and the grafting technique as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control in the region of Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. To evaluate the resistance to R. solanacearum, four local genotypes, collected in different regions of Bahia, the cv. Santa Clara as a susceptible treatment, and the Hawaii 7996 (H7996, as a resistant treatment were studied. For the evaluation of grafting method for control of bacterial wilt, the H7996 was used as rootstock, and the cvs. Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada, and Débora Plus were used as the scion plants. Both experiments were evaluated in an area infested with R. solanacearum, for a period of 65 days for the selection of the rootstocks and 45 days for the evaluation of the grafting method. Only the H7996 can be recommended as a R. solanacearum resistant rootstock. The other genotypes showed susceptibility to the pathogen. The grafting on the H7996 did not show incompatibility with the scion tomato cultivars tested and reached 100 % control of the bacterial wilt disease, for all treatments, suggesting that this method can be used as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control, allowing the production of susceptible tomato cultivars in areas infested with R. solanacearum A suscetibilidade do tomateiro à murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum causa perdas que vão de 10 a 100 % na produção e uma das alternativas de controle que vem sendo utilizada é a enxertia com porta-enxerto resistente. Este trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar genótipos de tomateiro quanto à resistência a R. solanacearum e a enxertia como alternativa para o controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro na região do Recôncavo Baiano. Para avalia

Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998 Epidemiologia de meningites bacterianas entre crianças no Brasil, 1997 a 1998

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Débora PL Weiss

2001-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and the descriptive epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among individuals under age 20 in a geographically defined region in Brazil during the two-year period immediately preceding the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib vaccines into the national immunization program of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological study of all cases of bacterial meningitis reported among residents of Campinas, Brazil, under age 20 (n=316,570 during the period of 1997-98, using comprehensive surveillance records compiled by the Campinas Health Department from cases reported among hospital inpatients, outpatients, emergency room visits, death certificates, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial meningitis (n=274 was 334.9, 115 and 43.5 cases/10(5 person-years (pys for residents of Campinas under age 1, 5 and 20, respectively. All cases were hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 12 days. Documented prior antibiotic use was 4.0%. The case-fatality rate of bacterial meningitis in individuals under age 20 was 9% (24/274 with 75% of deaths occurring in children under the age of five. The incidence of Hib meningitis (n=26 was 62.8 and 17 cases/10(5 pys in children age OBJETIVO: Documentar a incidência e a epidemiologia descritiva de meningites bacterianas entre pessoas com idade inferior a 20 anos em uma região geográfica definida do Brasil. O período foi de dois anos, imediatamente anterior à introdução da vacina contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, no Programa Nacional de Imunização do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico populacional dos casos de meningites bacterianas notificados entre residentes em Campinas, SP, Brasil, com idade inferior a 20 anos (n=316.570, entre 1997 e 1998. Baseia-se em dados de notificação da vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campinas, relatados entre casos provenientes de pacientes hospitalizados

La persistencia bacteriana: una problemática ignorada por una ciencia sin respuestas

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FORMENTINI E

2017-09-01

Full Text Available ARTÍCULO DE OPINIÓN. En nuestra cultura occidental tenemos un concepto triunfalista y mesiánico de la ciencia, ya que se confía que tarde o temprano la misma hallará respuestas y soluciones a los problemas del hombre. Sin embargo, la ciencia tiende a negar sistemáti-camente todo aquello para lo cual no tiene explicación y condena al olvido a todo conocimiento para lo cual no tiene aplicación actual. Las bacterias persistentes son uno de esos problemas olvidados, que recientemente ha despertado interés en la comunidad científica, al tener que enfrentarse a la problemática creciente de la resistencia bacteriana. Este artículo trata dos temas disímiles pero que están estrechamente relacionados. El primero, consiste en explicar el ignorado y olvidado fenómeno de la persistencia bacteriana y su impli-cancia en la progresiva disminución de la vida útil de los antibióticos. El segundo, es un análisis epistémico-ético con el objetivo de dilucidar la responsabilidad de la ciencia respecto de la ignorancia y el olvido de esta problemática. Finalmente se propone una pos-tura epistemológica para la revalorización constante de los conocimientos olvidados. SUMMARY. Bacterial persistence: an ignored problem by a science without answers. In our western culture, we have a triumphalist and messianic conception of science, since it is confided that sooner or later it will find the answers and the solutions to the problems of humanity. However, science tends to systematically ignore everything for which it has no explanation, and condemns to oblivion all knowledge that has not practical application. Persister cells are one of those forgotten problems, although it has recently attracted the attention of the scientific community, as it is associated with the growing problem of bacterial resistance. This article addresses two dissimilar but closely related topics. The first is to explain the forgotten and ignored phenomenon of persister cells

Association of sexually transmitted infections, Candida species, gram-positive flora and perianal flora with bacterial vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Vahidnia, Ali; Tuin, Hellen; Bliekendaal, Harry; Spaargaren, Joke

2015-10-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterised by depletion of the normal Lactobacillus spp. and overgrowth of commensal anaerobic bacteria. We investigated the composition of vaginal microbiota and their association with BV in women of reproductive age. Vaginal samples from 1197 women were analysed, whereby n=451 patients had normal flora and n=614 were diagnosed with BV, the remaining patients were diagnosed with having either intermediate flora (n=42) or dysbacteriosis (n=90). The reported results show that pathogens are associated with BV. This knowledge will further expand our understanding of events leading to BV, which may lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

UTILIZAÇÃO DE ESCORE E DOSAGEM DE LACTATO NO LÍQUOR PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DIFERENCIAL ENTRE MENINGITE BACTERIANA E MENINGITE ASSÉPTICA

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Frederico Ribeiro Pires

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o Escore para Meningite Bacteriana (EMB isolado e associado ao valor do lactato no líquor para diferenciar meningite bacteriana (MB e meningite asséptica (MA. Métodos: Foram selecionadas crianças com meningite atendidas em hospital terciário privado entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014. Os dados foram obtidos na admissão. Utilizou-se o EMB com: coloração de Gram no líquor (2 pontos; neutrófilos no líquor ≥1.000 células/mm3 (1 ponto; proteína no líquor ≥80 mg/dL (1 ponto; neutrófilos no sangue periférico ≥10.000 células/mm3 (1 ponto; e convulsão durante/antes da chegada (1 ponto. Analisou-se também o lactato no líquor (elevado: ≥30 mg/dL. Avaliaram-se sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo negativo de diversos valores de corte do EMB e do EMB associado ao lactato elevado para prever MB. Resultados: Dos 439 pacientes elegíveis, 94 não tinham todos os dados necessários para o escore, sendo 345 pacientes selecionados: 7 no grupo de MB e 338 no de MA. Como preditivos de MB, o EMB ≥1 mostrou sensibilidade de 100% (intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 47,3-100, especificidade de 64,2% (58,8-100 e valor preditivo negativo de 100% (97,5-100, enquanto o EMB ≥2 ou EMB ≥1 associado a lactato liquórico ≥30 mg/dL mostrou sensibilidade de 100% (47,3-100, especificidade de 98,5% (96,6-99,5 e valor preditivo negativo de 100% (98,3-100. Conclusões: O EMB com 2 pontos associado à dosagem de lactato no líquor manteve a sensibilidade e o valor preditivo negativo, ao passo que aumentou a especificidade para identificar meningites bacterianas em relação à utilização do EMB com 1 ponto.

Vaginosis-associated bacteria and its association with HPV infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero-Morelos, Pablo; Bandala, Cindy; Jiménez-Tenorio, Julián; Valdespino-Zavala, Mariana; Rodríguez-Esquivel, Miriam; Gama-Ríos, Reyna Anaid; Bandera, Artfy; Mendoza-Rodríguez, Mónica; Taniguchi, Keiko; Marrero-Rodríguez, Daniel; López-Romero, Ricardo; Ramón-Gallegos, Eva; Salcedo, Mauricio

2018-03-12

Cervical cancer is an important health problem in our country. It is known that there are several risk factors for this neoplasm, and it has been suggested that cervical microbiome alterations could play a role in the development and progress of cancer. Bacterial vaginosis associated bacteria such as Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis has been suggested as potential risk factor for cervical lesions and cervical cancer. DNA from 177 cervical scraping samples was studied: 104 belonged to women without cytological or colposcopic alterations and 73 samples from precursor lesions with previous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection history. All samples were screened for Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV by PCR. High HPV prevalence was found in precursor samples, and 30% of samples without lesions were positive for HPV. Virtually all samples contained sequences of both bacteria, and interestingly, there was not HPV association observed; these results could suggest that these microorganisms could be part of the cervical microbiome in Mexican population. The results obtained indicate that the bacteria analysed could be part of normal biome in Mexican women, suggesting a potential reconsideration of the pathogen role of these microorganisms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Amigdalitis aguda recurrente bacteriana: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo y controlado de sus características clínicas y microbiológicas

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Der M,Carolina; Iñiguez C,Rodrigo; Guzman D,Ana Maria; Jofré P,David; Iñiguez C,Armando; Labarca L,Jaime

2007-01-01

Introducción: La amigdalitis aguda recurrente es una patología de frecuente consulta, es una de las indicaciones de amigdalectomía. No se sabe con exactitud el origen de esta patología. Objetivo: Identificar la microbiología y patrones de susceptibilidad de las bacterias en la amigdalitis aguda recurrente bacteriana (AARB) a los antimicrobianos más comúnmente en el medio nacional, usados en su tratamiento. Material y método: Se planificó un estudio prospectivo, controlado y ciego. Se evaluaro...

Prevalence of vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in patients with koilocytosis

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Ana Claudia Camargo Campos

Full Text Available CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Empirical discussion regarding an association between koilocytosis and vulvovaginitis often occurs. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginitis in women with and without koilocytosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study including two cohorts of women (with and without koilocytosis who attended a cancer hospital in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás. METHODS: A total of 102 patients entered the study. The whiff test, Gram and Papanicolaou staining and bacterial and fungal culturing were performed. The results were observed using univariate analysis. The odds ratio and confidence interval (CI of the variables were calculated; P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacterial colonization was similar in patients with and without koilocytosis. The odds ratio for candidiasis was 1.43 (CI 1.05-1.95 and the odds ratio for trichomoniasis was 1.78 (CI 1.49-2.12, in patients with koilocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of candidiasis and trichomoniasis seems to be higher in patients with koilocytosis.

Epidemiología de las infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, experiencia de un centro español de atención terciaria

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Katerina Klímová

2016-03-01

Discusión. Los resultados del estudio confirmaron que el espectro microbiológico de las infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con cirrosis ha sufrido importantes cambios. Las infecciones por gérmenes multirresistentes causan infecciones con gran morbimortalidad y el fracaso del tratamiento antibiótico habitual. Para controlarlas de forma eficaz, es imprescindible detectar precozmente a aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo.

Biological control of vaginosis to improve reproductive health

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P Mastromarino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The human vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of a woman′s health, as well as of her partner′s and newborns′. When this predominantly Lactobacillus community is disrupted, decreased in abundance and replaced by different anaerobes, bacterial vaginosis (BV may occur. BV is associated with ascending infections and obstetrical complications, such as chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery, as well as with urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections. In BV the overgrowth of anaerobes produces noxious substances like polyamines and other compounds that trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1 β and IL-8. BV can profoundly affect, with different mechanisms, all the phases of a woman′s life in relation to reproduction, before pregnancy, during fertilization, through and at the end of pregnancy. BV can directly affect fertility, since an ascending dissemination of the involved species may lead to tubal factor infertility. Moreover, the increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases contributes to damage to reproductive health. Exogenous strains of lactobacilli have been suggested as a means of re-establishing a normal healthy vaginal flora. Carefully selected probiotic strains can eliminate BV and also exert an antiviral effect, thus reducing viral load and preventing foetal and neonatal infection. The administration of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics can aid recovery from infection and restore and maintain a healthy vaginal ecosystem, thus improving female health also in relation to reproductive health.

VALORACIÓN DE ENDOTOXINAS BACTERIANAS EN RANITIDINA Y PENICILINA G SÓDICA INYECTABLE MEDIANTE LA PRUEBA DE LISADO DEL AMEBOCITO DE Limulus

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C. Carrillo

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó la estandarización y valoración de endotoxinas bacterianas por la técnica de Lisado del Amebocito de Limulus (LAL para dos productos farmacéuticos: penicilina G sódica y ranitidina inyectable por el método de gelificación. Para ello se tomaron tres muestras de tres lotes diferentes; las muestras fueron escogidas al azar y se tomó una muestra del principio, una de la mitad y otra del final de la producción para cada lote muestreado. Con las muestras de cada lote se realizó un pool, quedando así tres sublotes para analizar, dándole mayor confiabilidad al método. Se comprobó la sensibilidad del reactivo de LAL(0.25 UE/ml y se calificó al operario con el fin de obtener resultados confiables. Se consultó en la USP XXVI el límite de endotoxina para penicilina G sódica, 0.01 UE/100 UI y ranitidina 7 UE/mg. Se calculó la máxima dilución válida (MDV que fue de 1:400 y 1:700 respectivamente; se practicaron los ensayos preliminares (Unspike y Spike con los cuales se determinó la Dilución de trabajo para penicilina 1:100 y ranitidina 1:200. Con el ensayo final se valoró la presencia de endotoxinas bacterianas en los dos productos inyectables.

Relación del Nivel Estrés y PH Salival en Estudiantes de la Clínica Odontológica, Universidad José Carlos Mariátegui. Moquegua, 2013

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Pedraza Maquera, Karla Ivohnne

2017-01-01

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación entre el pH salival y el estrés en los alumnos de la clínica Odontológica de la Universidad José Carlos Mariátegui entre el inicio y final del semestre. El tipo de investigación fue de campo, longitudinal, prospectivo de nivel relacional. Se tomó una población consistente en 38 estudiantes del VII semestre que por primera vez iniciaban sus prácticas clínicas, se utilizó para medir la variable nivel de estrés el cuestionario d...

Contaminación bacteriana y resistencia antibiótica en celulares de médicos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca-2012

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Delgado Cobos, Soledad Leydi; Galarza Brito, Juan Eli; Heras Gárate, Marco Antonio

2012-01-01

Antecedentes: El uso de artículos electrónicos como teléfonos móviles dentro de las unidades de salud, especialmente en hospitales, es muy común. Estos se han difundido sin ninguna restricción ni precaución para desinfectarlos, siendo su uso cada vez más frecuente. Es posible que estos artículos constituyan una fuente de contaminación para infecciones intrahospitalarias. Estudios realizados evidencian contaminaciones bacterianas superiores al 90% en celulares del personal médico, encontrándos...

Estudio de comunidades bacterianas naturales: diferenciación de las actinobacterias mediante electroforesis en doble gel en gradiente de desnaturalización (DDGGE)

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Ortiz Martínez, Alberto

2005-01-01

El primer objetivo, en esta Tesis, es la optimización de las condiciones a emplear para el estudio de comunidades bacterianas naturales. Esto se conseguirá mejorando los gradientes empleados en los geles en condiciones desnaturalizantes. En lo referente a la optimización de los gradientes, hay que tener en cuenta que en las muestras naturales las comunidades presentes son heterogéneas, lo que hace necesaria una optimización de los gradientes de desnaturalización, con el fin de mejorar la sepa...

Comparison of Gram and Kopeloff stains in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Libman, Michael D; Kramer, Michael; Platt, Robert

2006-03-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is commonly diagnosed by using the Nugent score, a semiquantitative scoring system to evaluate bacterial morphotypes on Gram stain of vaginal secretions. Some authors have suggested using the Kopeloff modification of the Gram stain. Asymptomatic BV in pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes. We performed both stains on simultaneously collected vaginal smears from 2652 women at 24-26 weeks of gestation. Gram staining gave significantly higher (more abnormal) Nugent scores than Kopeloff staining. Compared to the Kopeloff stain, the number of specimens graded as indeterminate or consistent with BV by Gram stain increased by 29% (469 versus 364, Pstaining was significantly better than Gram staining (agreement=74% versus 63%, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.87 versus 0.79, P<.05, 95% confidence intervals 0.85-0.89 and 0.75-0.82, respectively).

Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 Attenuate Gardnerella vaginalis-Infected Bacterial Vaginosis in Mice.

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Jang, Se-Eun; Jeong, Jin-Ju; Choi, Su-Young; Kim, Hyunji; Han, Myung Joo; Kim, Dong-Hyun

2017-05-23

Oral administration of a probiotic mixture (PM; Respecta ® ) consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (L1), Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 (L2), and lactoferrin RCXTM results in colonization of these probiotics in the vagina of healthy women. Therefore, we examined whether vaginal colonization of the PM ingredients L1 and L2 could attenuate bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV was induced in mice via β-estradiol-3-benzoate-induced immunosuppression and intravaginal inoculation with Gardnerella vaginalis (GV). Inflammatory markers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. Oral or intravaginal administration of PM resulted in colonization of L1 and L2 in the vagina. Oral or intravaginal administration of L1, L2, or PM significantly inhibited GV-induced epithelial cell disruption, myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB activation, and IL-1β and TNF-α expression ( p < 0.05). Administration of these probiotics also inhibited IL-17 and RORγt expression but increased IL-10 and Foxp3 expression. Of these probiotics, L2 most effectively attenuated GV-induced BV, followed by L1 and PM. Oral administration was more effective against GV-induced BV than intravaginal administration. L1 and L2 also significantly inhibited the adherence of GV to HeLa cells (a human cervical cancer cell line) and GV growth in vitro. In addition, L1 and L2 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in macrophages and the differentiation of splenocytes into Th17 cells in vitro, but increased their differentiation into Treg cells. Our study suggests that L1, L2, and PM attenuated GV-induced vaginosis by regulating both vaginal and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses rather than direct competition or killing of GV in the vagina.

Gardnerella vaginalis-associated bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women

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Raina T. Gergova

Full Text Available ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV in Bulgarian pregnant and nonpregnant women from several age ranges and to compare three different laboratory methods for Gardnerella vaginalis detection in patents suffering from BV. METHODS: Between September 2011 and June 2012, 809 women of 16-40 years of age separated in two major groups: nonpregnant - 469 (355 with and 114 without symptoms and pregnant - 340 (213 and 127 respectively were enrolled for the study. The women underwent three different laboratory tests simultaneously: scoring of Gram staining of vaginal smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR assay for G. vaginalis. RESULTS: The microscopic method detected high frequency of BV in symptomatic (57% whereas only a minority of asymptomatic subjects (14% were detected. G. vaginalisassociated BV was diagnosed in approximately equal proportions when evaluated with PCR and microscopic method for both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The comparative analysis of microscopic evaluation, culture and PCR assays demonstrated greater concurrence (about 90% between Gram staining and PCR detection for BV, than both methods compared to culture. The combination of microscopy and PCR turned out to be very reliable and repeatable for detecting G. vaginalis-associated BV. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comparative investigation on the epidemiology of G. vaginalisassociated BV in Bulgaria. The established highest frequency in the young Bulgarian women (21-30 years is alarming and should be considered in prophylaxis and reproductive programmes.

Biotransformación de lixiviado de suelo impactado con roxarsona por comunidades bacterianas de aguas subterráneas en condiciones anaeróbicas

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Mafla Andrade, Santiago Xavier

2014-01-01

La Roxarsona® se usa como un complemento nutricional y antiparasitario de manera frecuente en la industria agrícola. Las bacterias presentes en el estiércol, suelo y agua producen la transformación de la roxarsona en productos tóxicos, que pueden lixiviarse desde la superficie hacia las napas de agua produciendo una exposición crónica al arsénico inorgánico el cual es tóxico. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la transformación del lixiviado del suelo por las comunidades bacterianas pres...

Avaliação e acompanhamento audiológico após meningite bacteriana Audiological assessment and follow-up post bacterial meningitis

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MARIA INÊS VIEIRA COUTO

1999-09-01

Full Text Available A deficiência auditiva é uma das sequelas da meningite bacteriana que ocorre com maior frequência em crianças. Este estudo descreve o perfil audiológico (periférico e central de crianças internadas com diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana. Nas 89 crianças que compareceram ao seguimento audiológico após a alta hospitalar e foram submetidas aos testes audiológicos, os resultados evidenciaram que 85,4% apresentaram acuidade auditiva normal em ambas orelhas, 10,1% apresentaram deficiência auditiva neurossensorial bilateral e 4,5% apresentaram deficiência auditiva neurossensorial unilateral. Nos testes que avaliaram as habilidades de processamento auditivo, os resultados mostraram que 10% dessas crianças apresentaram alteração no desempenho de localização auditiva e de reconhecimento de sentenças com mensagem competitiva ipsilateral.Hearing loss is the more frequent sequel of bacterial meningitis in children. This study describes the audiological profile (peripheric and central of 89 children admitted to the hospital wards with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Those children attended audiological follow up, after their hospital descharge, and were submitted to audiological tests. The results showed that 85.4% among them presented normal hearing in both ears 10.1% presented bilateral neurosensorial hearing loss and 4.5% presented unilateral neurosensorial hearing loss. The results from the auditory processing skills assessment showed that 10% of those children presented auditory localization and recognition of sentences with competitive messages (Paediatric Sentences Identification - ipsilateral disorders.

Anaerobes and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: Virulence Factors Contributing to Vaginal Colonisation

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Charlene W. J. Africa

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The aetiology and pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV is unclear but it appears to be associated with factors that disrupt the normal acidity of the vagina thus altering the equilibrium between the normal vaginal microbiota. BV has serious implications for female morbidity, including reports of pelvic inflammatory disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and infertility. This paper reviewed new available information regarding possible factors contributing to the establishment of the BV vaginal biofilm, examined the proposed role of anaerobic microbial species recently detected by new culture-independent methods and discusses developments related to the effects of BV on human pregnancy. The literature search included Pubmed (NLM, LISTA (EBSCO, and Web of Science. Because of the complexity and diversity of population groups, diagnosis and methodology used, no meta-analysis was performed. Several anaerobic microbial species previously missed in the laboratory diagnosis of BV have been revealed while taking cognisance of newly proposed theories of infection, thereby improving our understanding and knowledge of the complex aetiology and pathogenesis of BV and its perceived role in adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Fontes de resistência à murcha bacteriana em germoplasma de Capsicum spp. do estado do Amazonas Sources of resistance against bacterial wilt in Capsicum spp. germoplasm of the Amazonas state

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Liane Cristine Rebouças Demosthenes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é uma das doenças mais importantes do gênero Capsicum no Brasil. No Amazonas, as condições de elevada temperatura e umidade favorecem o desenvolvimento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à murcha bacteriana de germoplasma, selvagem e comercial, de Capsicum spp. Foram avaliados 22 acessos de Capsicum em casa de vegetação. A inoculação foi feita mediante ferimento das raízes, seguido de adição no solo, ao redor das plantas, de suspensão bacteriana na concentração de 10(8 ufc mL-1. A avaliação foi feita diariamente a partir do quarto dia após a inoculação, em função desenvolvimento dos sintomas. A partir das médias de progresso dos sintomas foi construída a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, e os dados submetidos ao teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o programa estatístico SAEG 9.1. Foram selecionados os acessos 30, 20 e 17, da espécie C. chinense, como resistentes à murcha bacteriana para ensaios futuros em programas de melhoramento genético.The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important in the genus Capsicum in Brazil. In the state of Amazonas, high temperatures and humidity favor the development of the disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance in germoplasm of wild and commercial Capsicum spp. to bacterial wilt. Twenty two accesses of Capsicum spp. were evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation was made by means of wounds in the roots, followed by addition of bacterial suspension in the concentration of 10(8 ufc ml-1 in the soil, around the plants. Plant evaluation was made daily after the fourth day of the inoculation (DAI considering the symptoms progress. From the average progress of symptoms was constructed the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, and the data submitted to the Scott-Knott test at 5% of

Effects of Pregnancy and Bacterial Vaginosis on Proinflammatory Cytokine and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Concentrations in Vaginal Secretions

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Jennifer Balkus

2010-01-01

Full Text Available We compared vaginal proinflammatory cytokine and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI concentrations among pregnant and nonpregnant women according to bacterial vaginosis (BV status. One-hundred and twenty-two women at 12–20 weeks' gestation and 133 nonpregnant controls had vaginal concentrations of interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and SLPI measured by enzyme immunoassay. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate factors independently associated with vaginal cytokine and SLPI response. Pregnancy and BV were both independently associated with increased vaginal concentrations of IL-1β and IL-8; pregnant women had increased concentrations of SLPI, while women with BV had decreased SLPI concentrations.

VALORACIÓN DE ENDOTOXINAS BACTERIANAS EN RANITIDINA Y PENICILINA G SÓDICA INYECTABLE MEDIANTE LA PRUEBA DE LISADO DEL AMEBOCITO DE Limulus

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C. Carrillo; J. Ospina; D. Aldana; J. Arias; C. Echeverri

2006-01-01

Se realizó la estandarización y valoración de endotoxinas bacterianas por la técnica de Lisado del Amebocito de Limulus (LAL) para dos productos farmacéuticos: penicilina G sódica y ranitidina inyectable por el método de gelificación. Para ello se tomaron tres muestras de tres lotes diferentes; las muestras fueron escogidas al azar y se tomó una muestra del principio, una de la mitad y otra del final de la producción para cada lote muestreado. Con las muestras de cada lote se realizó un pool,...

Sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina em Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomate para processamento industrial

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Quezado-Duval Alice Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Apesar de amplamente empregados em lavouras de tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil, fungicidas cúpricos e antibióticos registrados para uso agrícola nem sempre resultam em controle eficiente das bacterioses que afetam a cultura. O aparecimento de estirpes resistentes é uma das causas dessa baixa eficiência. Avaliou-se, in vitro, a sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina de 389 isolados de Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomateiro, sendo 92 de X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (60 do grupo "A"/raça T1 e 32 do "C"/raça T3, 93 de X. vesicatoria (grupo "B"/raça T2 e 204 de X. gardneri (grupo "D"/raça T2. Os isolados foram obtidos de plantas doentes em campos comerciais de tomate para processamento industrial nos estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Bahia, nos anos de 1995 a 1998 e em 2000. Alíquotas de 5 ml de suspensões bacterianas foram depositadas em meio Nutriente-Ágar suplementado com sulfato de cobre, nas concentrações de 50 e 200 µg/ml; sulfato de estreptomicina, a 25 e 200 µg/ml e cloridrato de oxitetraciclina, a 25 µg/ml. Nenhum isolado foi resistente a oxitetraciclina, como também nenhum foi resistente ao cobre na concentração de 200 µg/ml do sulfato de cobre. No entanto, houve diferença entre isolados quanto à sensibilidade ao sulfato de cobre na concentração de 50 µg/ml e ao sulfato de estreptomicina nas duas concentrações empregadas. As freqüências de isolados de X. gardneri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (grupos "A" e "C" e X. vesicatoria resistentes à estreptomicina (25 µg/ml do produto usado foram, respectivamente, 98%, 38% e 2%, ao passo que, ao cobre, foram, respectivamente, 48%, 4% e 74%. Todos os isolados do grupo "C" foram sensíveis à estreptomicina e 97% sensíveis ao cobre.

Diagnóstico de proliferación bacteriana intestinal en niños: evidencia experimental para sustentar el empleo de lactulosa en la prueba de hidrógeno y su validación como prueba tamiz

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Evelyn Mendoza

2007-09-01

Conclusiones. Se aporta evidencia experimental para sustentar el uso de la lactulosa en la prueba de hidrógeno y se valida ésta frente al patrón de referencia como prueba tamiz para diagnosticar la proliferación bacteriana intestinal.

Comparison of local metronidazole and a local antiseptic in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

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Novakov Mikic, Aleksandra; Budakov, Dragan

2010-07-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a mixed flora of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and associated with risks of pathologic conditions. In the present study, therapy with a local antiseptic spray (octenidine hydrochloride/phenoxyethanol, OHP) for 7 or 14 days is compared against the standard local therapy of BV (metronidazole) in a Serbian patient population. As much as 450 women were treated in groups with either 7 days metronidazole vaginal tablets, 7 days OHP, or 14 days OHP. Control smears were taken after each treatment period. In total, 63.2% of the women were without indications of BV after therapy (metronidazole: 61.0%, OHP 7 days: 57.6%, and OHP 14 days: 71.0%). Significantly fewer women were affected from infections after treatment with 14 days OHP compared to OHP for 7 days. Octenidine hydrochloride/phenoxyethanol spray was as effective as the standard therapy with metronidazole. Patients stated that OHP was more comfortable, easier to apply, and side effects were lesser.

Produção e degradação in vitro de estruturas tubulares de celulose bacteriana

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Vanessa A. Oliveira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A necessidade de novos recursos em cardiologia tem direcionado a Engenharia de Tecidos ao desenvolvimento de vasos sanguíneos artificiais que atendam aos requisitos do organismo. Neste trabalho, estruturas tubulares de celulose bacteriana (CB foram produzidas e sua degradação in vitro foi avaliada. Através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura constatou-se que não houve alterações significativas na microestrutura e morfologia das fibras de CB após ensaios de degradação. Os ensaios de degradação em soluções fisiológicas PBS e salina revelaram uma degradação substancialmente baixa após 20 semanas. A baixa velocidade de degradação dos vasos é de grande importância, visto que o processo para a formação de novos vasos (angiogênese demanda tempo.

Molecular characterization of ruminal bacterial diversity in vitro = Caracterização molecular da diversidade bacteriana ruminal in vitro

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Humberto Maciel França Madeira

2008-04-01

Full Text Available PCR analysis is a sensitive and specific tool to detect and monitormicroorganisms in complex environmental samples. The amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences followed by gel electrophoresis under denaturing gradient (DGGE has been a powerful technique to genetically evaluate microbial ecosystems. Changes in rumenmicrobial populations were investigated in vitro using a basal diet with different lipid sources. PCRs were performed with two different sets of primers in order to amplify 16S rRNA sequences, and the amplified fragments were submitted to DGGE analysis. The findings presented in this study show that distinct microbial communities were present in each treatment. The presence of soybean oil seems to maximize growth of bacterial population, whereas fish oil appears to reduce growth. We demonstrated the successful application of molecular ecological techniques to analyze the structure and composition of bacterial communities in rumen ecosystems.A análise por PCR fornece um meio sensível e específico para detectar e monitorar microrganismos em amostras ambientais complexas. Desde sua aplicação inicial, o DNA ribossomal 16S (rRNA em eletroforese com gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE, tem sido uma técnica atrativa para a ecologia molecular microbiana. Foram investigadas mudanças na população microbiana no rúmen, a partir de alterações da dieta com tratamentos in vitro de diferentes fontes de lipídeos. ODGGE foi testado com dois pares de primers para o rRNA 16S. O uso do fragmento de 200 pb gerou um perfil de bandas mais discriminatório, mostrando que diferentes comunidades microbianas estavam presentes entre os tratamentos in vitro analisados. A presença de óleo de sojapotencializou o crescimento da população bacteriana, enquanto que óleo de peixe parece ter reduzido esse crescimento. Foi possível demonstrar o sucesso da aplicação de técnicas moleculares para analisar a estrutura e a composição de comunidades

Bacterial vaginosis in association with spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses

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Gözde Isik

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Context: Bacterial vaginosis (BV is related to the increased risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, and postpartum endometritis. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between BV and the history of spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses. We also examined periods of gestation, including the first and second trimester miscarriages. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 200 fertile women. Sixty one (30.5% of 200 women had the history of a spontaneous abortion in the last six months (N = 30 and at least three recurrent pregnancy losses (N = 31. BV was diagnosed either by using Papanicolaou staining, Gram staining, or by culturing with BV-associated bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis. Results: The presence of BV was statistically associated with the history of a spontaneous abortion in the last 6 months (P 0.05. These women were also evaluated in view of periods of gestation. Forty-seven (77% of 61 women had first trimester miscarriage (≤12 weeks and 14 (23% of 61 women had second trimester miscarriage (>12 weeks. There was a statistically significant relationship between BV and second trimester miscarriage (P 0.05. Conclusion: BV may contribute to spontaneous abortion and second trimester miscarriage.

Comunidade bacteriana como indicadora do efeito de feijoeiro geneticamente modificado sobre organismos não alvo Bacterial community as an indicator of genetically modified common bean effect on nontarget organisms

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Adriano Moreira Knupp

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do feijoeiro geneticamente modificado quanto à resistência ao Bean Golden Mosaic Vírus, BGMV (Olathe M1-4, sobre organismos não alvo. De um experimento implantado no campo, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (Olathe Pinto e evento elite Olathe M1-4, dois períodos amostrais (estádio V4 e R6 e dez repetições, obtiveram-se células bacterianas cultivadas e não cultivadas da rizosfera e do solo não rizosférico, para as quais se procedeu à extração de DNA total. A região V6-V8 do 16S rDNA foi amplificada para a comunidade bacteriana total, e também realizou-se amplificação com iniciadores específicos para o subgrupo alfa (α do filo Proteobacteria a partir de células não cultivadas. Foram obtidos dendrogramas comparativos entre a variedade Olathe Pinto (convencional e o evento elite Olathe M1-4 (geneticamente modificado utilizando-se o coeficiente de Jaccard e o método UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean. Os agrupamentos obtidos dos perfis de 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE indicam alterações na comunidade bacteriana da rizosfera em função da transformação das plantas são mais notáveis nos perfis obtidos para alfa-proteobacteria. A origem das amostras e o estágio de desenvolvimento das plantas afetam a comunidade bacteriana.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of genetically modified common bean for Bean Golden Mosaic Virus, BGMV, resistance (Olathe M1-4 on nontarget organisms. In a field experiment established in a completely randomized design with two treatments (Olathe Pinto cultivar and M1-4 Olathe elite event, two sampling periods (V4 and R6 stages and ten replicates, cultivated and non-cultivated bacterial cells from rhizosphere soil and bulk soil were obtained, and their total DNA was extracted. The V6-V8 region of 16S rDNA was amplified for the whole bacterial community, and primers specific for the alpha (�

Clinical Significance and Characteristic Clinical Differences of Cytolytic Vaginosis in Recurrent Vulvovaginitis.

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Yang, Shuhua; Zhang, Yuexiang; Liu, Ying; Wang, Jianhong; Chen, Shuqin; Li, Shuxia

2017-01-01

The study aimed to evaluate whether cytolytic vaginosis (CV) has important clinical implications for recurrent vulvovaginitis and to identify clinical differences between CV and vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC). Medical histories, physical examinations and laboratory findings were used to diagnose and assess the prevalence rates of various vulvovaginal infections among 536 women with recurrent vulvovaginitis. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare age, menstrual cycle phase at episode onset, symptoms/signs of infection and discharge characteristics between CV and VVC with single infection. Among the 484 women with a single-infection recurrent vulvovaginitis, the prevalence of CV (n = 143; 26.7%) was second only to VVC (n = 196; 36.6%). CV symptoms occurred predominantly during the ovulatory and luteal phases. Meanwhile, VVC episodes were not concentrated premenstrually, but rather occurred throughout the menstrual cycle. Significant differences were found in the vaginal pH, discharge characteristics and frequency of inflammatory symptoms between the 2 groups. CV is clinically important, because it is a common cause of recurrent vulvovaginitis. To distinguish CV from VVC, gynecologists should consider the patient's medical history, physical and laboratory findings, vaginal pH and vaginal discharge characteristics. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Flora bacteriana aeróbica del tracto digestivo del vampiro común, Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae

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Gloriana Chaverri

2006-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la flora bacteriana del vampiro común (Desmodus rotundus primordialmente debido a que los datos al respecto están desactualizados, y además por la gran importancia económica de esta especie de murciélago. Veintiún murciélagos fueron recolectados y su flora bacteriana identificada separadamente a nivel de estómago e intestino. Las bacterias fueron identificadas con el Analytical Profile Index (API, y los resultados analizados con el paquete APILAB. Un total de treinta especies fueron aisladas en 16 hembras y cinco machos. Las especies más comunes fueron Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, aunque otras especies, como Acinetobacter johnsonii, Enterobacter sakazakii, Staphylococcus chromogenes, S. hyicus y S. xylosus también se aislaron con frecuencia. El número de especies identificadas en el estómago y el intestino fue significativamente diferente, siendo el intestino más diverso. Esto ha sido encontrado anteriormente en otros mamíferos, y se atribuye probablemente a la reducción en acidez. Asimismo, la mayoría de las especies identificadas en este estudio forman parte de la flora bacteriana normal del tracto digestivo de mamíferos, aunque también se encontraron otras bacterias comunes en la piel de mamíferos y en ambientes acuáticos Las bacterias de la piel podrían estar colonizando el estómago y/o intestino del vampiro cuando éste tiene contacto con sus presas, lo que sugiere que el hábito alimentario de esta especie facilita su colonización por microorganismos que no se encontrarían comúnmente en su tracto digestivo. Ya que también se identificaron bacterias comunes en ambientes acuáticos, es probable que D. rotundus consuma agua cuando esté disponible, lo que respalda los resultados de otros investigadores, y sugiere que esta podría ser una fuente adicional de invasión microbiana.Aerobic bacterial flora from the digestive tract of the common vampire bat

Intravaginal practices, bacterial vaginosis, and HIV infection in women: individual participant data meta-analysis.

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Nicola Low

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Identifying modifiable factors that increase women's vulnerability to HIV is a critical step in developing effective female-initiated prevention interventions. The primary objective of this study was to pool individual participant data from prospective longitudinal studies to investigate the association between intravaginal practices and acquisition of HIV infection among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondary objectives were to investigate associations between intravaginal practices and disrupted vaginal flora; and between disrupted vaginal flora and HIV acquisition.We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 13 prospective cohort studies involving 14,874 women, of whom 791 acquired HIV infection during 21,218 woman years of follow-up. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The level of between-study heterogeneity was low in all analyses (I(2 values 0.0%-16.1%. Intravaginal use of cloth or paper (pooled adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.83, insertion of products to dry or tighten the vagina (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.71, and intravaginal cleaning with soap (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.53 remained associated with HIV acquisition after controlling for age, marital status, and number of sex partners in the past 3 months. Intravaginal cleaning with soap was also associated with the development of intermediate vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis in women with normal vaginal flora at baseline (pooled adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.47. Use of cloth or paper was not associated with the development of disrupted vaginal flora. Intermediate vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis were each associated with HIV acquisition in multivariable models when measured at baseline (aHR 1.54 and 1.69, p<0.001 or at the visit before the estimated date of HIV infection (aHR 1.41 and 1.53, p<0.001, respectively.This study provides evidence to suggest that some intravaginal practices increase

Microflora composition of urogenital tracts of women with nonspecific vulvo-vaginitis and vaginosis in Dnipropetrovsk region

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A. O. Ponedilok

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The spectrum of causative agents of nonspecific infections of the women urogenital tracts is studied. It is established that the typical etiological agents of the vaginosis are yeast-like fungi Candida albicans (35.7 % and Escherichia coli (30.2 %, and the clinical isolates of E. coli (47.3 % and Proteus mirabilis (15.8 % are usual for vulvovaginitis. The frequency of detection of the causative agents of inflammatory genito-urinary diseases in women of different age groups varies: strains of E. coli are often found in patients of 1–12 years (47.3 % and in women of 43–66 years old (36.0 %, but C. albicans – in patients of 18–42 years (39.0 %. High levels of the resistance to penicilline, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in selected clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms are determined.

[Comparative study of combined local treatment (sulfadimidine, metronidazole and nystatin) and the standard monotherapy in uncomplicated bacterial vaginosis].

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Milánkovits, Márton; Baksay, László; Plachy, János

2002-12-22

Comparative, in vivo, human, prospective, single blind, clinical and microbiological diagnoses based and randomised study of the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial vaginosis with two forms of combined (metronidazole + nystatin + sulfadimidin) vaginal suppositories (laminated and mixed containing the same ingredients) and the standard preparations available in the Hungarian market (Dalacin vaginal cream and Klion vaginal suppository). The examinations involved 60 volunteers and were performed in the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic of the Council of Erd, the microbiological samples were examined at Saint Rókus Hospital in Budapest. The combined treatment was better tolerated and resulted in normal vaginal pH significantly more often at the same rate of recovery. The combined treatment is simultaneously effective in cases of the most prevalent coinfections too.

An update on Gardneralla vaginalis associated bacterial vaginosis in Malaysia

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Nada Khairi Younus; Renu Gopinath; Ravindran Jegasothy; Syafinaz Amin Nordin; Alex van Belkum; Narcisse Mary; Vasantha Kumari Neela

2017-01-01

Objeetive:To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis (G.vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology,metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Methods:It is a single-centre (Gynaecology clinic at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia) prospective study with laboratory-based microbiological follow up and analyses.Vaginal swabs collected from the patients suspected for BV were subjected to clinical BV diagnosis,isolation and identification of G.vaginalis,metronidazole susceptibility testing,vaginolysin and sialidase gene PCR,Piot's biotyping and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotyping.Results:Among the 207 patients suspected for BV,G.vaginalis was isolated from 47 subjects.G.vaginalis coexisted with Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in 26 samples.Three G.vaginalis isolates were resistant to metronidazole.Biotyping revealed 1 and 7 as the common types.Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotype Ⅱ was found to be more common (n =22;46％) than Ⅰ (n =12;25.53％) and Ⅲ (n =13;27.6％).All genotype Ⅰ and Ⅲ isolates carried the sialidase gene,while 91.6％ and 84.6％ contained the vaginolysin gene.Genotype Ⅰ was significantly associated with postgynaecological surgical complications and abortions (P =0.002).Conclusions:The existence of pathogenic G.vaginalis clones in Malaysia including drug resistant strains should not be taken lightly and needs to be monitored as these may bring more complications especially among women of child bearing age and pregnant women.

Association between bacterial vaginosis and partner concurrency: a longitudinal study.

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Kenyon, Chris R; Buyze, Jozefien; Klebanoff, Mark; Brotman, Rebecca M

2018-02-01

The study aimed to test if there was an association between prevalent bacterial vaginosis (BV) and women reporting that their partner had other partners at the same time (partner concurrency). This association has not been assessed in a longitudinal cohort. The Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora recruited a cohort of 3620 non-pregnant women aged 15-44 years who presented for routine primary healthcare at 12 clinics in Birmingham, Alabama. Behavioural questionnaires and vaginal smears were obtained quarterly for a year and BV was defined by a Nugent score 7 or higher as well as Amsel criteria. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between prevalent BV and reporting that one's partner had other partners in the preceding 3-6 months time interval. Nugent score prevalent BV was associated with both reporting that one's partner definitely (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) and possibly (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) engaged in partner concurrency in the preceding 3-6 months time period. Prevalent BV diagnosed by Amsel criteria was similar. A diagnosis of prevalent BV was associated with reporting that one's partner possibly or definitely engaged in partner concurrency. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Relación placa bacteriana y caries en un grupo de niños escolarizados entre 5 y 14 años de la población de la Boquilla - Cartagena en el año 20041

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Lizelia Alfaro Zolá

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir la ocurrencia de placa bacteriana en las superficies dentales y relacionarla con el tipo de lesión de caries que se presenta en niños escolares de 5 a 14 años de la Boquilla - Cartagena. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en el cual se seleccionó una muestra de 89 niños escolares de la población de la Boquilla a través de un muestreo aleatorio sistemático, a quienes se les evaluó el estado de higiene oral mediante el índice de placa comunitario de Corchuelo modificado y el índice de caries superficial con criterios de diagnóstico Ekstrand. Resultados: La superficie con lesiones de caries de mayor frecuencia fue la oclusal, presentándose un mayor numero de lesiones detenidas, seguido en palatino por las lesiones precavitacionales, a diferencia de las superficies vestibular y lingual donde se encontraron un mayor número de superficies sanas. En todas las superficies evaluadas predominó la presencia de placa bacteriana independientemente de la presencia de caries y no se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas dos variables. Conclusiones: La alta frecuencia de placa bacteriana en las superficies dentarias nos mostró el deficiente estado de higiene oral de la población, sin embargo, sigue en duda la pertinencia de los índices de placa para la predicción de la caries debido a que no se encontró relación estadística. (Duazary 2007; 2: 119 - 126

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Concentration in Vaginal Fluid: Relation to Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

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Beghini, Joziani; Giraldo, Paulo C; Linhares, Iara M; Ledger, William J; Witkin, Steven S

2015-08-01

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a component of innate immunity that prevents iron uptake by microorganisms. We evaluated whether NGAL was present in vaginal fluid and whether concentrations were altered in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Vaginal secretions from 52 women with VVC, 43 with BV, and 77 healthy controls were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for NGAL and for concentrations of L-lactic acid. The median concentration of NGAL in vaginal fluid was significantly higher in control women (561 pg/mL) than in women with BV (402 pg/mL; P = .0116) and lower in women with VVC (741 pg/mL; P = .0017). Median lactic acid levels were similar in controls (0.11 mmol/L) and women with VVC (0.13 mmol/L) and were lower in women with BV (0.02 mmol/L; P vaginal NGAL levels that might facilitate the growth of bacteria associated with BV. © The Author(s) 2015.

Estudio de los efectos causados por la introducción de sistemas de rizorremediación en las poblaciones bacterianas nativas de un suelo contaminado por PCBs

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Aguirre de Cárcer, Daniel

2014-01-01

Los diferentes análisis llevados a cabo en este estudio sostienen que la comunidad bacteriana de la rizosfera, que evolucionó de la población nativa de un suelo con un historial de contaminación por bifenilos policlorados, durante el desarrollo de las raíces de Salix vimminalis, fue diferente de la comunidad parental tanto a niveles funcionales como estructurales. La rizosfera estuvo enriquecida en especies de Proteobacteria, y en genes de ISP altamente relacionados con el grupo de las bacte...

EFICACIA DEL CEPILLADO CON Y SIN DENTÍFRICO EN EL CONTROL DE LA PLACA BACTERIANA SUPRAGINGIVAL EN ALUMNOS DEL 1ER GRADO DEL NIVEL PRIMARIO DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA JUAN MANUEL POLAR DEL DISTRITO DE JOSÉ LUIS BUSTAMANTE Y RIVERO. AREQUIPA, 2015.

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CÁRDENAS DEL CARPIO, ROSA ELENA

2016-01-01

CEPILLADO OBJETIVOS FRECUENCIA DE CEPILLADO DURACIÓN DEL CEPILLADO TÉCNICAS DE CEPILLADO REQUISITOS DE UN CEPILLADO DE DIENTES SATISFACTORIO DENTÍFRICO O PASTA DENTAL PLACA BACTERIANA ÍNDICE DE HIGIENE ORAL SIMPLIFICADO ANÁLISIS DE ANTECEDENTES INVESTIGATIVOS

Infecciones por bacterias poco comunes y oncogénesis bacteriana

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Horacio A. Lopardo

Full Text Available La recuperación de algunos microorganismos de aislamiento esporádico en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica podría significar la existencia de algún defecto inmunitarioespecial en el paciente. Por ejemplo, se ha descrito una importante correlación entre Clostridium septicum y carcinoma de colon, y se han visto relacionadas con leucemias y linfomas a especies que aparecen casi siempre como contaminantes (Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp. y a otras raramente aisladas en otros contextos (Capnocytophaga spp.. Hay bacterias que se aíslan casi exclusivamente de pacientes con sida (Rhodococcus equi. Se ha observado una mayor frecuencia de infecciones por Campylobacter spp., Aeromonas spp. y estreptococos del grupo G y del grupo mitis en individuos con algún tipo de cáncer que en el resto de los pacientes. También hay bacterias que son marcadoras de algún cáncer no detectado o que afectan más a pacientes neutropénicos que a individuos normoinmunes. La alteración de la reacción inflamatoria, la linfoproliferación mediada por antígenos bacterianos y la inducción de hormonas que aumentan la proliferación de las células epiteliales podrían ser causas de la oncogénesis bacteriana. Los ejemplos clásicos son el adenocarcinoma gástrico inducido por Helicobacter pylori, la asociación de la bacteriemia por estreptococos del grupo bovis y el cáncer de colon y los linfomas de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas (MALT en vinculación con especies de Helicobacter (MALT gástricos y con Chlamydophila spp. (MALT oculares. El aislamiento de alguno de estos patógenos debería ser un llamado de atención para inducir al estudio de alguna enfermedad maligna.

Citologia vaginal a fresco na gravidez: correlação com a citologia corada pela técnica de Papanicolaou Fresh wet mount in pregnancy: correlation with Pap smears

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Amadeu Ramos da Silva Filho

2004-01-01

neste último método propedêutico. Os diagnósticos de tricomoníase observados em ambos os métodos citológicos (3,7 e 2,7% traduzem a baixa prevalência destes parasitas na gestação. O cálculo do índice kappa para avaliação da concordância entre os dois procedimentos citológicos nos diversos achados microbiológicos demonstrou baixa correlação nos diagnósticos da vaginose bacteriana e colpites bacterianas inespecíficas, bem como na identificação da flora vaginal normal. CONCLUSÕES: embora a citologia corada apresente melhor acurácia no diagnóstico de fungos não formadores de micélios, a citologia direta a fresco demonstrou ser melhor avaliador dos elementos não epiteliais dos esfregaços vaginais. Entretanto, a microscopia corada pela técnica de Papanicolaou, por permitir melhor apreciação das células epiteliais cervicovaginais, representa o mais importante instrumento revelador das agressões e reações nucleocitoplasmáticas.PURPOSE: to analyze vaginal contents using the fresh wet mount of a cytological exam in the first prenatal visit of women with or without genital complaints and correlate the conclusion with the results from the Pap smears. Microscopy during pregnancy should be valued and recognized as a method capable of providing immediate diagnosis in 90% of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis cases. METHODS: a prospective study was performed in 216 pregnant women selected from the prenatal department of a public hospital, between October 30, 2001 and November 12, 2002. Two samples were collected from the posterior vaginal vault and deposited onto two separate microscope slides. To one slide, a droplet of 0.9% NaCl was applied and to the other, a droplet of 10% KOH. Both slides were covered with a coverslip for immediate microscopic evaluation. Tests were perfomed in one drop of the material to examine pH and whiff. The microscopic examination of the material was carried out at a 100X, 400X and exceptionally 1000X

Extended antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis combined with human lactobacilli to find the best treatment and minimize the risk of relapses

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Hammarström Lennart

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The primary objective of this study was to investigate if extended antibiotic treatment against bacterial vaginosis (BV together with adjuvant lactobacilli treatment could cure BV and, furthermore, to investigate factors that could cause relapse. Methods In all, 63 consecutive women with bacterial vaginosis diagnosed by Amsel criteria were offered a much more aggressive treatment of BV than used in normal clinical practice with repeated antibiotic treatment with clindamycin and metronidazole together with vaginal gelatine capsules containing different strains of lactobacilli both newly characterised and a commercial one (109 freeze-dried bacteria per capsule. Oral clindamycin treatment was also given to the patient's sexual partner. Results The cure rate was 74.6% after 6 months. The patients were then followed as long as possible or until a relapse. The cure rate was 65.1% at 12 months and 55.6% after 24 months. There was no significant difference in cure rate depending on which Lactobacillus strains were given to the women or if the women were colonised by lactobacilli. The most striking factor was a new sex partner during the follow up period where the Odds Ratio of having a relapse was 9.3 (2.8-31.2 if the patients had a new sex partner during the observation period. Conclusions The study shows that aggressive treatment of the patient with antibiotics combined with specific Lactobacillus strain administration and partner treatment can provide long lasting cure. A striking result of our study is that change of partner is strongly associated with relapse of BV. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01245322

Sialoadenitis bacteriana crónica recurrente de la infancia. Caracterización clínica

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Carlos Ávila-Sánchez

2015-03-01

Full Text Available La sialoadenitis recurrente es el segundo cuadro inflamatorio más frecuente que afecta a la glándula parótida, precedida por la parotiditis viral. Esta afección tiene un cuadro clínico muy similar a la sialoadenitis, motivo por el cual se debe considerar dentro de los  iagnósticos diferenciales. La sialoadenitis recurrente se caracteriza por episodios periódicos de inflamación y aumento de volumen de la glándula parótida acompañados de fiebre y malestar general que alternan con intervalos de remisión en los que la glándula es clínicamente asintomática. En el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría consideramos al concepto Sialoadenitis bacteriana crónica recurrente de la infancia como la definición más específica y completa para referirse a esta enfermedad. Debido a su recurrencia decidimos escribir este artículo para señalar sus características clínicas.

Valoración de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable ácido zoledrónico mediante la prueba de lisado del amebocito de Limulus

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Nancy Burguet Lago

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: valorar las endotoxinas bacterianas por la técnica del lisado del amebocito de Limulus para el producto inyectable ácido zoledrónico, por el método de gelificación. Métodos: el ensayo se realizó mediante dos pruebas: 1 confirmación de la sensibilidad del lisado etiquetado, para lo cual se preparó una curva estándar con diluciones seriadas dobles de endotoxina por cuadruplicado; y 2 el ensayo del producto de inhibición, en el que se prepararon diluciones seriadas dobles de endotoxina con agua apirogénica y con las muestras de los lotes a ensayar sin sobrepasar la máxima dilución válida. Se determinó el punto final y se calculó la media geométrica. Se definió la dilución de trabajo, la cual se validó por cuadruplicado en tres lotes consecutivos. Resultados: la sensibilidad del lisado resultó 0,03125 UE/mL. La máxima dilución válida fue de 112 UE/mL y la dilución de trabajo 1/100. La cantidad de endotoxinas bacterianas presentes en tres lotes del producto inyectable no sobrepasó el límite establecido, por lo que cumplió con las especificaciones de calidad establecidas para el ensayo. Conclusión: la estandarización de las condiciones del método por gelificación, hace que este resulte eficaz, confiable, rápido y de fácil ejecución, por lo que puede emplearse como ensayo de rutina en el control de la calidad del inyectable analizado.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup: comparison of clinical algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semiquantitative technique.

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Rao, P S; Devi, S; Shriyan, A; Rajaram, M; Jagdishchandra, K

2004-01-01

This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a rural set up and compare the smear scoring system to that of culture by semiquantitative technique. A total of 505 married women, who were in sexually active age group of 15-44 years, were selected from three different villages. High vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, vaginal discharge and blood were collected and processed in the laboratory. Overall prevalence of 29% reproductive tract infection was detected. Endogenous infection was commonly observed (27.92%), and very low prevalence of STIs (Trichomonas 1.18%, Syphilis 0%, Gonorrhea 0%) was detected. Diagnosis of BV was possible in 104 (20.5%) women by smear alone and 88 (17.42%) women by semiquantitative culture.

Bacterial vaginosis and infertility: cause or association?

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Salah, Rasheed M; Allam, Abdelmonem M; Magdy, Amin M; Mohamed, Abeer Sh

2013-03-01

To estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in infertile women and evaluate the effect of treatment of BV on the pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and unexplained infertility. Cohort study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Microbiology Department of Sohag University Hospital, Egypt. All eligible women with female factor infertility (n=874) were enrolled and all asymptomatic fertile women (n=382) attending the family planning clinic of the study hospital were recruited as a control group. The study was in two phases: the first included screening all participants for BV after Gram-staining of the vaginal discharge. The second phase was concerned with evaluating the effect of treatment of BV on the cumulative pregnancy rate (CPP) in patients with PCOD (group I; n=278) and unexplained infertility (group II; n=170). Each group was divided into three sub-groups: groups Ia (n=129) and IIa (n=73) were BV positive and treated for BV; groups Ib (n=61) and IIb (n=49) were BV positive and did not receive treatment for BV, and groups Ic (n=88) and IIc (n=48) were BV negative. The prevalence of BV was compared using the Chi-square. The long rank test of Kaplan-Meier life table analysis was used to compare the CPR. A multivariate regression model was designed to define the most significant variable which affected the pregnancy rate in patients with PCOD. The prevalence of BV was significantly higher in infertile than fertile women (45.5% vs 15.4%). The highest prevalence was found in patients with PCOD (60.1%) and unexplained infertility (37.4%). The CPR in both patients with PCOD and unexplained infertility were significantly higher in the patients who were treated for BV. Regression model showed that BV was one of the significant factors interfering with pregnancy. BV is strongly implicated in female infertility and is probably an underestimated cause of unexplained infertility

La necrosis bacteriana de la vid, causada por xylophilus ampelinus. Detección serológica, distribución en Aragón y sensibilidad varietal.

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CAMBRA ALVAREZ, MIGUEL

2011-01-01

La necrosis bacteriana de la vid, causada por la bacteria de cuarentena Xylophilus ampelinus, es una enfermedad de difícil control químico y que ha causado en España importantes pérdidas económicas. Actualmente, es endémica en distintas zonas de Aragón y Galicia y se han identificado focos aislados en La Rioja. Ante la carencia de métodos sensibles y específicos de detección de esta bacteria que se puedan utilizar para el análisis rutinario, se ha puesto a punto un método de ex...

Endocarditis trombótica no bacteriana bivalvular asociada a cáncer y ecocardiograma transesofágico Bivalvular non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with cancer and transesophageal echocardiography

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Marcelo Zylberman

2006-06-01

Full Text Available La endocarditis trombótica no bacteriana es la causa más frecuente de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes con cáncer. En estos pacientes se hallaron vegetaciones valvulares hasta en el 9% de las autopsias. Sin embargo, la afección bivalvular es poco frecuente, observándose en el 9% de las endocarditis trombóticas. Se presenta una paciente con cáncer de ovario que presentó afasia e imágenes compatibles con isquemia cerebral. El ecocardiograma transtorácico fue normal. El ecocardiograma transesofágico evidenció vegetaciones en las válvulas aórtica y mitral. Se enfatiza la importancia de sospechar endocarditis trombótica no bacteriana en enfermos con cáncer y embolismo sistémico y en la escasa frecuencia de afección bivalvular.Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is the most frequent cause of ischemic stroke in cancer patients. Up to 9% of autopsies of cancer patients show non infectious valvular masses. However, bivalvular involvement is not frequently occurring in 9% of non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. We report a patient with ovarian cancer who presented aphasia. The MRI was compatible with cerebral ischemia. The transthoracic echocardiogram was normal and a transesophageal echocardiogram showed vegetations in aortic and mitral valves. We emphasize the importance of suspecting non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in patients with cancer and systemic embolism and the low frequency of bivalvular involvement.

Relación entre pH salival y caries dental en pacientes con síndrome de Down

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Carolina Elizabet Barrios

Full Text Available El presente estudio se realiza con el propósito de conocer la relación entre la presencia de caries y pH salival en personas con Síndrome de Down. La muestra estuvo comprendida por dos grupos, un grupo incluyó pacientes con Síndrome de Down que asisten al Instituto Privado de Educación Especial Corrientes (IPEEC y un grupo control no portadores del síndrome, con edades comprendidas de entre 13 y 26 años, (ambos con similar distribución de edad y sexo. Los resultados obtenidos en relación al Índice Gingival arrojaron en los pacientes con síndrome de Down un valor de 2 y un 56% en el índice de O’Leary; en el grupo control el 64% obtuvo valores mayores a 1 en el Índice Gingival y un 49% en el de placa, ambos resultados no compatibles con salud. Respecto de la condición de salud bucal, en los dos grupos se obtuvieron valores del índice de caries (CPOD superiores a 4.5 considerándose elevado según la OMS. El pH en los pacientes con síndrome de Down varió entre 5 y 7, siendo el intervalo de referencia normal 6,5. Los resultados del estudio están orientados a la prevención y promoción de la Salud con la Educación y concientización de este grupo vulnerable.

Why do different criteria for 'cure' yield different conclusions in comparing two treatments for bacterial vaginosis?

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Thomas, Katherine K; Sanchez, Sixto; Garcia, Patricia J; Holmes, King K

2005-09-01

The objective of this study was to determine why different criteria for response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) led to markedly different conclusions about treatment efficacy in a randomized trial comparing metronidazole gel versus metronidazole/nystatin ovules. We compared the impact of two treatment regimens on individual components of Amsel and Nugent criteria at follow-up visits 14, 42, and 104 days after initiating treatment. Compared with gel, ovules more effectively eliminated amines, clue cells, and Gardnerella, Prevotella, or Mobiluncus morphotypes from vaginal fluid, thus achieving cure based on "usual" criteria (absence of BV by Amsel or Nugent criteria), but did not more effectively restore Lactobacillus morphotypes or lower vaginal pH, thus not meeting Federal Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for cure. Because early vaginal recolonization by lactobacilli was poor after both gel and ovules, FDA draft criteria for cure missed marked differences in treatment efficacies against Gardnerella, clue cells, and amines. Cure defined more "usually" may give more useful information.

La atención ginecológica en niñas de 0 a 10 años

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Miguel Lugones Botell

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 150 pacientes de 0 a 10 años de edad atendidas con historias clínicas en la consulta de ginecología infantojuvenil en el municipio Playa, entre el 1ro. de septiembre de 1996 y el 30 de noviembre de 2001, y se analizaron las variables siguientes: principales motivos de consulta en relación con la edad, principales causas de leucorrea o vulvovaginitis, causas de trastornos de la pubertad y causas de dolor pelviano. Se concluyó que los principales motivos de consulta fueron la leucorrea o vulvovaginitis, los trastornos de la pubertad y el dolor pelviano. Fue la vaginosis bacteriana la principal causa de leucorrea, la telarquia precoz la principal causa de trastorno de la pubertad, y el dolor pelviano fue ocasionado en la mayoría de las niñas por giardiasis.A retrospective study of 150 patients aged 0-10 years, seen at the infant-juvenile gynecological service in Playa municipality from September 1996 to November, 2001, was made. The following variables were analyzed: main reasons for going to doctor´s in related to age, main causes of leukorrea or vulvovaginits, causes of disorders in puberty and causes of pelvic pain. It was concluded that the main reasons for going to the doctor´s were leukorrea, vulvovaginits, puberty disorders and pelvic pain. Bacterial vaginosis was the main cause of leukorrea, early telarchia was the main cause of puberty disorders whereas pelvic pain was due to giardiasis in most of the girls.

Sobre la resistencia bacteriana hacia antibióticos de acción bactericida y bacteriostática

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Jhoana P. Romero L.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se formula un modelo matemático simple que describe la interacción entre bacterias sensibles y resistentes a múltiples antibióticos de acción bactericida y bacteriostática de forma simultánea, en el supuesto de que la adquisición de resistencia bacteriana se da a través de mutaciones espontáneas y adquiridas por la exposición a diferentes antibióticos. El análisis cualitativo revela la existencia de un equilibrio libre de bacterias, un equilibrio solo con bacterias resistentes y un equilibrio endémico donde coexisten ambas poblaciones de bacterias. Abstract. In this work we formulate a simple mathematical model that describes the population dynamics of bacteria exposed simultaneously to multiple bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics, assuming that resistance is acquired through mutations due to antibiotic exposure. Qualitative analysis reveals the existence of a free-bacteria equilibrium, resistant-bacteria equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium where both bacteria coexist.

Evaluación del método cromogénico cinético para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg.

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Nancy Burguet-Lago; Aylid Suárez-Castillo; Yamilka Herrera-Ledesma

2015-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el método de lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL) en su variante cromogénica cinética para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg. Esta variante moni torea el desarrollo de color a través del tiempo y emplea una curva estándar representada por el tiempo de reacción en función de la concentración conocida de endotoxinas, en un rango de 0,005 a 50 UE/mL...

Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of the vaginal use of metronidazole with a Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus) extract for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

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Leite, S R R F; Amorim, M M R; Sereno, P F B; Leite, T N F; Ferreira, J A C; Ximenes, R A A

2011-03-01

A 7.4% vaginal extract of the Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) was compared with 0.75% vaginal metronidazole, both manufactured by the Hebron Laboratory, for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, used at bedtime for 7 nights. The condition was diagnosed using the combined criteria of Amsel and Nugent in two groups of 140 and 137 women, aged between 18 and 40 years. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Women were excluded from the study if they presented delayed menstruation, were pregnant, were using or had used any topical or systemic medication, presented any other vaginal infections, presented hymen integrity, or if they reported any history suggestive of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. According to Amsel's criteria separately, 29 patients (21.2%) treated with the extract and 87 (62.1%) treated with metronidazole were considered to be cured (P < 0.001). According to Nugent's score separately, 19 women (13.9%) treated with the extract and 79 (56.4%) treated with metronidazole were considered to be cured (P < 0.001). Using the two criteria together, the so-called total cure was observed in 17 women (12.4%) treated with the extract and in 79 women (56.4%) treated with metronidazole (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the cure rate for bacterial vaginosis using a vaginal gel from a pepper tree extract was lower than the rate obtained with metronidazole gel, while side effects were infrequent and non-severe in both groups.

Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy.

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Donders, G G; Van Calsteren, K; Bellen, G; Reybrouck, R; Van den Bosch, T; Riphagen, I; Van Lierde, S

2009-09-01

Abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) before 14 gestational weeks is a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). The presence of aerobic microorganisms and an inflammatory response in the vagina may also be important risk factors. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the differential influences of AVF, full and partial bacterial vaginosis, and aerobic vaginitis in the first trimester on PTB rate. The secondary aim was to elucidate why treatment with metronidazole has not been found to be beneficial in previous studies. Unselected women with low-risk pregnancies attending the prenatal unit of the Heilig Hart General Hospital in Tienen, Belgium, were included in the study. At the first prenatal visit, 1026 women were invited to undergo sampling of the vaginal fluid for wet mount microscopy and culture, of whom 759 were fully evaluable. Abnormal vaginal flora (AVF; disappearance of lactobacilli), bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV), increased inflammation (more than ten leucocytes per epithelial cell) and vaginal colonisation with Candida (CV) were scored according to standardised definitions. Partial BV was defined as patchy streaks of BV flora or sporadic clue cells mixed with other flora, and full BV as a granular anaerobic-type flora or more than 20% clue cells. Vaginal fluid was cultured for aerobic bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Outcome was recorded as miscarriage vaginal flora in the first trimester had a 75% lower risk of delivery before 35 weeks compared with women with AVF [odds ratio (OR) 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.56]. The absence of lactobacilli (AVF) was associated with increased risks of PTB (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.8), EPTB (OR 6.2; 95% CI 2.7-14) and miscarriage (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.4-17). BV was associated with increased risks of PTB (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-4.7), EPTB (OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.1-12.9) and miscarriage (OR 6.6; 95% CI 2.1-20.9) and coccoid AV was associated with increased risks of EPTB (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1

Bacterial translocation in an experimental intestinal obstruction model: C-reactive protein reliability? Translocação bacteriana no modelo experimental de obstrução intestinal: A proteína C-reativa é confiável?

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Saleh Ibrahim El-Awady

2009-04-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Bacterial translocation occurs in preseptic conditions such as intestinal obstruction through unclear mechanism. The C-reactive protein is an acute phase reactant and a marker of ischemia. METHODS: 45 albino male rats were divided into 3 groups each 15 rats. GI control, GII simple intestinal-obstruction and GIII strangulated obstruction. Outcome measures were: (1 Bacteriologic count and typing for intestinal contents, intestinal wall, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood (cardiac and portal (2 Histopathologic: mucosal injury score, inflammatory cell infiltrate in the wall, MLN, liver, (3 Biochemical: serum CRP, IL-10, mucosal stress pattern (glutathione peroxidase-malonyldialdhyde tissue levels. RESULTS: (1 Intestinal obstruction associates with BT precursors (Bact-overgrowth, mucosal-acidosis, immuno-incomptence, (2 Bacterial translocation (frequency and density was found higher in strangulated I.O, that was mainly enteric (aerobic and anaerobic and mostly E.coli, (3 The pathogen commonality supports the gut origin hypothesis but the systemic inflammatory response goes with the cytokine generating one. (4 The CRP median values for GI, II, III were 0.5, 6.9, 8.5 mg/L, for BT +ve 8 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L for BT -ve rats. CONCLUSION: Bacterial translocation occurs bi-directional (systemic-portal in intestinal obstruction and the resultant inflammatory response pathogenesis is mostly 3 hit model. The CRP is a non selective marker of suspected I.O cases. However, it is a reliable marker of BT, BT density and vascular compromise during I.O.OBJETIVO: Translocação bacteriana ocorre em condições pré-sépticas como na obstrução intestinal por mecanismo não esclarecido. A proteína C-reativa é um marcador de ischemia em fase aguda. A proposição é investigar os possíveis efeitos da obstrução intestinal no equilíbrio ecológico microbiano. MÉTODOS: 45 ratos machos albinos foram distribuídos em três grupos de 15 ratos. GI

Intravaginal metronidazole gel versus metronidazole plus nystatin ovules for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial.

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Sanchez, Sixto; Garcia, Patricia J; Thomas, Katherine K; Catlin, Mary; Holmes, King K

2004-12-01

We compared metronidazole 0.75% gel (containing 37.5 mg metronidazole per dose) with ovules containing metronidazole 500 mg and nystatin 100,000 U, for intravaginal treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). In a single-blinded trial, symptomatic women with BV by both Amsel and Nugent criteria were randomly assigned to gel or ovules, once nightly for 5 nights, and asked to return 3 times after treatment. Analyses were intent-to-treat. Of 151 women with BV by both criteria at enrollment, 138 (91%) returned at least once. Product limit estimates for persistence or recurrence of BV at 14, 42, and 104 days were 20% (95% CI 10%-29%), 38% (95% CI 25%-48%), and 52% (95% CI 37%-63%) after gel treatment, and 4% (95% CI 0%-9%), 17% (95% CI 7%-26%), and 33% (95% CI 21%-46%) after ovule treatment ( P = .01). Among women without BV at first follow-up, subsequent intercourse without condoms independently predicted subsequent recurrence ( P Metronidazole/nystatin ovules were significantly more effective than metronidazole gel. Unprotected sex predicted recurrence after initial improvement.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup: Comparison of clinical algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semiquantitative technique

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Rao P

2004-01-01

Full Text Available This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs in a rural set up and compare the smear scoring system to that of culture by semiquantitative technique. A total of 505 married women, who were in sexually active age group of 15-44 years, were selected from three different villages. High vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, vaginal discharge and blood were collected and processed in the laboratory. Overall prevalence of 29% reproductive tract infection was detected. Endogenous infection was commonly observed (27.92%, and very low prevalence of STIs (Trichomonas 1.18%, Syphilis 0%, Gonorrhea 0% was detected. Diagnosis of BV was possible in 104 (20.5% women by smear alone and 88 (17.42% women by semiquantitative culture.

Pneumonia bacteriana em jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria: aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos, radiológicos e terapêutica

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Marcelo M. Silveira

2014-09-01

Full Text Available A pneumonia é uma doença respiratória comum na clínica de répteis. Agentes infecciosos são capazes de causar pneumonia primária em répteis mantidos em cativeiro, porém na maioria dos casos, são secundárias a problemas de manejo, higiene e nutricionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de pneumonia bacteriana em jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria, e descrever o diagnóstico clínico, microbiológico, radiográfico e a conduta terapêutica. O animal apresentava sinais de distúrbios respiratórios e foi descrito durante a anamnese que houve um diagnostico anterior de pneumonia. Os achados radiográficos foram sugestivos de pneumonia/edema pulmonar. Baseado nos exames radiográficos e sinais clínicos apresentados iniciou-se o tratamento com administração de Cloranfenicol (40mg/kg/SID/IM por 10 dias. Foram isoladas Klebsiella spp. e Citrobacter spp. da cultura bacteriana realizada da coleta de lavado endotraqueal. Ambas com perfil de resistência múltipla aos antibióticos testados. Instituiu-se protocolo terapêutico utilizando Gentamicina (5mg/kg/IM, em sete aplicações com intervalos de 72h. Após o segundo protocolo terapêutico notou-se melhora dos sinais clínicos do animal, porém foi observada a persistência de secreção nasal. Foi realizado novo exame radiográfico, demonstrando discreta diminuição na opacidade do campo pulmonar direito e nenhuma alteração significativa no campo pulmonar esquerdo na projeção craniocaudal. Devido à permanência do sinal clínico apresentado, nova coleta de material endotraqueal foi realizada, e houve isolamento de Citrobacter spp. e Enterobacter spp. A partir dos resultados obtidos no antibiograma, instituiu-se novo protocolo com uso de amicacina (2,5mg/kg/IM, em sete aplicações com intervalos de 72h. Após antibioticoterapia, outro exame radiológico foi realizado, e demonstrou redução satisfatória do quadro pulmonar, e sinais clínicos.

Assessing the diversity of bacterial communities associated with plants Avaliação da diversidade de comunidades bacterianas associadas às plantas

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Fernando Dini Andreote

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Plant-bacteria interactions result from reciprocal recognition between both species. These interactions are responsible for essential biological processes in plant development and health status. Here, we present a review of the methodologies applied to investigate shifts in bacterial communities associated with plants. A description of techniques is made from initial isolations to culture-independent approaches focusing on quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in real time (qPCR, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE, clone library construction and analysis, the application of multivariate analyses to microbial ecology data and the upcoming high throughput methodologies such as microarrays and pyrosequencing. This review supplies information about the development of traditional methods and a general overview about the new insights into bacterial communities associated with plants.As interações planta-bactéria resultam de um reconhecimento recíproco de ambas espécies. Estas interações são responsáveis por processos biológicos essenciais para o desenvolvimento e a proteção das plantas. Este trabalho revisa as metodologias aplicadas na investigação de alterações nas comunidades bacterianas associadas às plantas. Uma descrição das técnicas é feita, desde o isolamento até a aplicação de técnicas independentes de cultivo, destacando as técnicas de qPCR, Gel de Eletroforese em Gradiente Desnaturante (DGGE, construção e análise de bibliotecas de clones, a aplicação de análise multivariada em dados de ecologia microbiana, e as novas metodologias de alto processamento de amostras como microarranjos e pirosequenciamento. Em resumo, esta revisão fornece informações sobre o desenvolvimento das técnicas tradicionais e uma visão geral sobre as novas tendências dos estudos de comunidades bacterianas associadas às plantas.

Desarrollo de un chip de DNA para la detección de dianas génicas bacterianas de interés en el campo de la acuicultura

OpenAIRE

Labella, Alejandro; Trento, I.; Ghidini, V.; Gennari, M.; Castro, D.; Borrego-Garcia, Juan Jose; Lleò, M.M.

2014-01-01

La adquisición bacteriana de multiresistencias frente a antimicrobianos es un fenómeno cada vez más preocupante, con gran repercusión para la salud pública, pero también con impacto en sectores de la producción animal, como es el caso particular de la acuicultura. Entre los años 2010-2012, como objetivo de un Proyecto de Investigación Italiano (Progetti d’interesse Nazionale, PRIN), se realizaron diferentes campañas de muestreo a lo largo de la costa del mar Adriático, en centros dedicados a ...

Aislamiento e identificaci?n de diez cepas bacterianas desnitrificantes a partir de un suelo agr?cola contaminado con abonos nitrogenados proveniente de una finca productora de cebolla en la Laguna de Tota, Boyac?, Colombia

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Ostos Ortiz, Olga Lucia; Benavides L?pez de Mesa, Joaqu?n; Quintero, Gladys

2006-01-01

Este articulo presenta los resultados de la versatilidad adaptativa y tolerancia de una consorcio bacteriano constituido por 10 cepas bacterianas end?micas de un suelo agr?cola contaminado, proveniente de una finca productora de cebolla ubicada en la laguna de Tota en Aquitania, Boyac?, Colombia, expuesto al uso incontrolado de fertilizantes nitrogenados. La consorcio bacteriano aislado del suelo est? conformado por: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetoba...

Manejo hospitalario de la meningoencefalitis bacteriana por S. Neumoniae

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Roberto Álvarez Fumero

2003-12-01

Full Text Available La actitud terapéutica ante la meningitis bacteriana (MEB es uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta el pediatra, pues de su oportuno y adecuado manejo depende el pronóstico. Los cambios en la epidemiología de los síndromes neurológicos infecciosos bacterianos observados en Cuba a partir del año 2000, promovieron la implementación de modificaciones al régimen terapéutico antibiótico convencional. En este artículo, sin olvidar que el tratamiento ideal es el preventivo, se expone una revisión actualizada del manejo hospitalario de las MEB por S.pneumoniae, que incluye: adopción de medidas generales, instauración temprana de acciones dirigidas a atenuar los efectos perjudiciales de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, conducta específica contra el agente (antibioticoterapia y finalmente la identificación precoz e inicio de la rehabilitación de secuelas. Se hace énfasis en las modificaciones al esquema antibiótico adoptadas recientemente por la Comisión Nacional de SNI. Se exponen consideraciones sobre la introducción de la vancomicina en esquema antimicrobiano de las MEB por S.pneumoniae.The therapeutic attitude to face bacterial meningitis (BME is one of the most important challenges for pediatricians, since the prognosis depends on its timely and adequate management The changes in the epidemiology of the bacterial infectious neurological syndromes ocurred in Cuba from 2000 on, promoted the implementation of modifications in the conventional therapeutical antibiotic regimen. In this article, without forgetting that the ideal treatment is the preventive one, it is exposed an updated review of the hospital management of BME due to S.Pneumoniae that includes: adoption of general measures, early establishment of actions directed to alleviate the harmful effects of the systemic inflammatory reponse, specific conduct against the agent (antibiotic therapy and, finally, the identification and beginning of the

Conjuntivite bacteriana secundária à doença dentária em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera Bacterial conjunctivitis secondary to dental disease in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera

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Ricardo Barbosa Lucena

2012-11-01

Full Text Available São relatados três casos de conjuntivite bacteriana associada à doença dentária grave em chinchilas. Todas as chinchilas afetadas tinham histórico de emagrecimento, hipersalivação e epífora, que progrediu para exsudação ocular purulenta. Durante a necropsia, foi constatado marcado alongamento da coroa clínica dos incisivos e molares, e crescimento do ápice dentário, causando deformação óssea e compressão do canal lacrimal. Histologicamente, observou-se infiltrado de neutrófilos na conjuntiva e pálpebras. Cultivo microbiológico do exsudato ocular revelou crescimento de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva . Uma compressão do canal lacrimal pelo crescimento dentário excessivo impediu a drenagem das lágrimas, resultando em epífora. Esse é um importante fator predisponente para infecção bacteriana ocular em chinchilas.Three cases of bacterial conjunctivitis associated with severe dental disease in chinchillas are described. All affected chinchillas had a history of weight loss, ptyalism, and epiphora which progressed to suppurative ocular exsudation. At necropsy incisor and molar teeth revealed marked elongation of the clinical crown and overgrowth of the dental apexes resulting in deformation of the tear ducts. Histologically, there was neutrophilic infiltrate in the conjunctiva and eyelid skin. Microbiological culture carried out in samples from the ocular exsudate yielded Staphylococcus coagulase-positive. Compression of the lacrimal duct by dental overgrowth compromised tear draining and resulting in epiphora. This is a major predisposing factor inducing bacterial ocular infection in chinchillas.

Caracterización funcional de la comunidad bacteriana cultivable aislada del suelo de la zona de descarga de la fosa petrolera Bare-9. San Tomé. Edo. Anzoátegui

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Barrios, Arturo

2011-01-01

Mediante el presente estudio enmarcado dentro del proyecto Misión Ciencia “Desarrollo y Validación de Nuevas Tecnologías para el Saneamiento Ambiental de Pasivos Generados por la Actividad Petrolera”, dentro del subprefecto “Caracterización del Medio Físico Natural en Áreas Impactadas con Hidrocarburos” se pretende caracterizar funcionalmente la comunidad bacteriana del suelo de la zona de descarga de la fosa petrolera (Bare-9) y así determinar la estructura funcional de la comunidad y grupos...

Articulações entre linguagem, corpo e psiquismo em crianças surdas em decorrência de meningite bacteriana: estudo de dois casos clínicos

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Garrido, Aline

2007-01-01

Introdução: Neste trabalho, a interlocução entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Psicanálise delimitou a perspectiva de investigação: a relação entre linguagem e psiquismo nas crianças surdas que sofreram golpes orgânicos precoces. É nessa perspectiva que a surdez como seqüela do acometimento por meningite bacteriana foi analisada, já que o foco, a partir da experiência clínica, foram os possíveis efeitos de tal quadro clínico no funcionamento simbólico desses sujeitos. Frente ao risco e às marcas perma...

Efeito de produtos químicos e biológicos sobre a mancha bacteriana, flora microbiana no filoplano e produtividade de pimentão Effects of chemical and biological products on bacterial spot, microbial flora and yield in bell pepper

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Débora AG da Silva

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito de pulverizações semanais com sulfato de estreptomicina + oxitetraciclina (0,8 g ia L-1, oxicloreto de cobre (2,4 g ia L-1, biofertilizante Agrobio (5%, e testemunha (água sobre o controle da mancha-bacteriana, sobre a flora microbiana no filoplano e sobre a produtividade de três cultivares de pimentão (Magda, Cascadura Itaipu e Magali R. Os experimentos foram realizados em campo de maio a outubro de 2002. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (4x3, com quatro repetições. Realizaram-se avaliações semanais, durante três meses para altura de plantas (cm; número de hastes; número total de folhas; número de folhas caídas; incidência de folhas lesionadas; severidade da mancha bacteriana e produtividade (t ha-1. Paralelamente, quantificou-se a população microbiana residente no filoplano e nos frutos. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a produção de frutos, porém, observou-se efeito sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, sobre a mancha bacteriana e sobre a flora microbiana no filoplano. O oxicloreto de cobre inibiu o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a taxa de abscisão foliar e a flora bacteriana no filoplano. O Agrobio favoreceu o desenvolvimento vegetativo e, assim como o sulfato de estreptomicina + oxitetraciclina, reduziu a população de bactérias, exceto de Bacillus sp., e de fungos, exceto Cladosporium sp., no filoplano. O híbrido Magali R foi significativamente superior às demais cultivares quanto ao vigor das plantas, produtividade e resistência à mancha bacteriana. Estes resultados sugerem atividade bactericida do Agrobio em condições de campo.The effect of weekly sprayings with streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline (0.8 g ia L-1, copper oxychloride (2.4 g ia L-1 and Agrobio fertilizer (5% plus a control (water was evaluated in the control of bacterial spot, the microbial flora in the phyloplan, and over yield in three bell pepper cultivars (Magda, Cascadura

Fermentation Tecniques and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose: a Review Técnicas de fermentación y aplicaciones de la celulosa bacteriana: una revisión

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Luz Dary Carreño Pineda

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Bacterial cellulose is a polymer obtained by fermentation with microorganismsfrom Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium and Sarcina genera. Amongthem, Acetobacter xylinum is the most efficient specie. This polymer hasthe same chemical composition of plant cellulose, but its conformation andphysicochemical properties are different, making it attractive for several applications, especially in the areas of food, separation processes, catalysis andhealth, due to its biocompatibility. However, the main problem is the production in mass that is constrained by low yield. It is therefore necessaryto develop some alternatives. This paper presents a review about synthesis,production, properties and principal applications of bacterial cellulose, as wellas some alternatives to reduce the difficulties for process scaling.La celulosa bacteriana es un polímero obtenido por fermentación con microrganismosde los géneros Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium y Sarcina, delas cuales la especie más eficiente es la Acetobacter Xylinum. Este polímero presenta la misma estructura química de la celulosa de origen vegetal, pero difiereen su conformación y propiedades fisicoquímicas, lo que lo hace atractivo para diversas aplicaciones, especialmente en las áreas de alimentos, procesosde separación, catálisis y en medicina, gracias a su biocompatibilidad. Sin embargo, el principal problema es la producción a gran escala limitada por losbajos rendimientos, lo que genera la necesidad de desarrollar alternativas que permitan disminuir o eliminar las causas de esta limitación. En este artículo se hace una revisión acerca de la síntesis, producción, propiedades y principales aplicaciones de la celulosa bacteriana, así como de algunas alternativas estudiadas para disminuir los inconvenientes en el escalamiento del proceso.

Metronidazole combined with nystatin (vagitories) in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis after initial treatment with oral metronidazole.

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Pulkkinen, P; Saranen, M; Kaaja, R

1993-01-01

In a double-blind trial comprising 66 patients we assessed the effect of metronidazole-nystatin vagitories on the prevention of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women using IUD as a contraceptive method after an initial oral single dose of 2.0 g metronidazole and 7 days of intravaginal metronidazole-nystatin or placebo treatment. The prophylactic treatment consisted of metronidazole-nystatin or placebo vagitories applied at bedtime for 3 days after menstruation over 6 consecutive menstrual periods. The patients were randomized in two study groups: a treatment group of 32 patients (group A) and a placebo group of 34 patients (group B). The overall objective cure rate after the initial treatment was 97% in group A and 91% in group B. After 6 months of follow-up, the overall cumulative objective cure rate in group A was 100%, and 76% in group B. The single-dose oral treatment was well tolerated and no notable side effects were recorded.

Bacterial vaginosis, alterations in vaginal flora and HIV genital shedding among HIV-1-infected women in Mozambique

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Robert D Kirkcaldy

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Objectives. We investigated whether abnormal vaginal flora, including bacterial vaginosis (BV, are associated with detection of cervical HIV-1 RNA among HIV-infected women in Mozambique. Methods. We obtained clinical data and vaginal specimens from HIV-infected women registering for their first visit at one of two HIV care clinics in Mozambique. We compared women with detectable cervical HIV viral load (≥40 copies/ml with women with undetectable cervical HIV. Results. We enrolled 106 women. Women with abnormal vaginal flora (intermediate Nugent scores, 4 - 6 were more likely to have detectable cervical HIV RNA then women with normal vaginal flora (adjusted odds ratio 7.2 (95% confidence interval 1.8 - 29.1, adjusted for CD4 count. Women with BV had a non-significantly higher likelihood of detectable cervical HIV than women with normal flora. Conclusions. Abnormal vaginal flora were significantly associated with cervical HIV expression. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship.

A Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized Study, Comparing Clindamycin Phosphate Vaginal Cream 2% (Watson Laboratories, Inc.) to Clindesse® (Ther-Rx™, Clindamyin Phosphate Vaginal Cream 2%) and Both Active Treatments to a Placebo Control in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis in Non-pregnant Women

Science.gov (United States)

2015-03-18

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; Signs and Symptoms to be Evaluated and Recorded Include:; Vaginal Discharge: Color, Odor, and Consistency;; Vulvovaginal Itching and Irritation (Subjective): Absent, Mild, Moderate, or Severe; Vulvovaginal Inflammation (Objective): Absent, Mild, Moderate, or Severe.

Trimethylamine content in vaginal secretion and its relation to bacterial vaginosis.

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Wolrath, Helen; Borén, Hans; Hallén, Anders; Forsum, Urban

2002-11-01

The presence of a fishy odor emanating from women who present with a malodorous vaginal discharge is well known. The odor is due to bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine (TMA) in vaginal secretion. The release of TMA from specimens of vaginal fluid following the addition of alkali is often used in making a clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). We now report a sensitive gas chromatographic method for analysis and quantification of TMA in vaginal fluid in which weighed samples were used. In addition, a proper diagnosis of BV was obtained using Gram-stained smears of the vaginal fluid according to the method of Nugent et al. (R. P. Nugent et al., J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:297-301). We also diagnosed BV according to Hallén et al. (A. Hallén et al. Genitourin Med 1987;63:386-9). TMA was present in all women with a Nugent score between 7 and 10 and in almost all women diagnosed with BV according to the method of Hallén et al. TMA was not found or was only found in very low concentrations in vaginal fluid from women with Nugent scores of 0 to 3. TMA was also found in four women with a negative sniff test. It seems that high levels of TMA in samples of vaginal fluid are typical for BV regardless of the scoring method used for diagnosis. However, low levels of TMA, vaginal fluid, do not always correlate with BV.

Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic Impacto de la vacuna conjugada contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b sobre la meningitis bacteriana en la República Dominicana

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Ellen H. Lee

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis. METHODS: Meningitis cases among children OBJETIVOS: El uso generalizado de la vacuna contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib ha permitido reducir radicalmente la carga de enfermedad por Hib en las Américas. Pocos estudios han evaluado el impacto de la vacunación contra Hib sobre los casos no confirmados mediante cultivo. En este estudio se analizaron las tendencias en el número de casos probables de meningitis bacteriana antes y después de la introducción de la vacuna contra Hib en la República Dominicana y se estimó la eficacia de la vacuna contra la meningitis. MÉTODOS: Se identificaron los casos de meningitis en niños menores de 5 años a partir de los registros de ingreso del principal hospital pediátrico de Santo Domingo entre 1998 y 2004. Los casos de meningitis con probable etiología bacteriana se clasificaron según criterios de laboratorio; los casos confirmados contaban con cultivo bacteriano positivo o detección de antígenos específicos en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia acumulada de casos confirmados y probables de meningitis en los niños que vivían en el Distrito Nacional. Los casos confirmados de meningitis por Hib se incorporaron a un estudio de casos y controles -pareados según la edad y el barrio de residencia- para calcular la eficacia de la vacuna. RESULTADOS: Antes de la introducción de la vacuna, la tasa anual de meningitis de posible etiología bacteriana era de 49 casos por 100 000 niños menores de 5 años; de los casos confirmados de

Pregnant women's attitudes about topical microbicides for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Catallozzi, Marina; Fraiz, Lauren Dapena; Hargreaves, Katharine M; Zimet, Gregory D; Stanberry, Lawrence R; Ratner, Adam J; Gelber, Shari E; Rosenthal, Susan L

2017-08-01

We sought to understand pregnant women's product preference and likelihood of use of topical microbicides for bacterial vaginosis (BV) prevention and treatment. Pregnant women (N = 196) in a obstetrics clinic completed a survey between June 2014 and January 2015 about vaginal product use for BV. This cross-sectional study explored product preferences, likelihood of product use for BV management and father of the baby (FOB) involvement. Most participants were under 30 (68%) and underrepresented minorities (47% Hispanic, 21% African-American). Most women preferred the gel (69%). Only 30% were likely to use either product for prevention of BV; 76% if high risk for BV; 83% treatment of BV. Anticipated FOB involvement in decision-making included that 46% would ask his opinion, 38% would inform him of the decision and 7% would need approval. Most (87%) would ask the FOB for reminders and 66% for insertion help. Those under 30 were more likely to agree to ask the FOB for reminders (p Product preferences may be less critical than risk perception. Involvement of the FOB in decision-making may be vital.

Ultraviolet radiation response of two heterotropy Antarctic marine bacterial; Respuesta a la radiacion ultravioleta de dos cepas bacterianas marinas heterotrofas antarticas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez, Edgardo A [Buenos Aires Univ. (Argentina). Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica; Ferreyra, Gustavo A; Mac Cormack, Walter P [Direccion Nacional del Antartico, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Instituto Antartico Argentino

2004-07-01

Two Antarctic marine bacterial strains, were exposed to different irradiance of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation using several experimental protocols and interferential filters. Results showed that both, UV-A and UV-B radiation produce deleterious effects on two tested bacterial strains. The mortality values under UVB treatments were higher than those observed under UVA treatments. UVvi strain proved to be more resistant to UV radiation than the UVps strain. (author) [Spanish] Dos cepas marinas antarticas fueron expuestas a diferentes irradiancias de radiacion solar ultravioleta (UV) utilizando diferentes protocolos experimentales y filtros interferenciales. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la radiacion UV-A como UV-B produce efectos deletereos sobre las dos cepas bacterianas analizadas. Los valores de mortalidad bajo tratamiento UV-B fueron mayores que los observados bajo tratamiento UV-A. La cepa UVvi mostro mayor resistencia a la radiacion UV que la cepa UVps. (autor)

Aplicabilidade de antibiótico na prática médica no pré e pós-operatório, evitando assim infecção hospitalar e resitência bacteriana

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Juliana Morini Bevilacqua

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Infeccões intra-abdominais complicadas são as infecções cirúrgicas mais comuns. A profilaxia antimicrobiana é o melhor tratamento para redução de septicemia, ferida operatória e infecção hospitalar quando há ocorrência de bactérias do trato gastrointestinal que comprometem a cavidade peritoneal. Se faz, portanto necessário a utilização da escala correta de antibióticos a fim de se evitar a resistência bacteriana. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de uma infecção peritonial e formação de ferida cirúrgica pós retirada de Colostomia de Hartmann. Relato de Caso: Paciente, 47 anos, sexo feminino, há 2 anos apresentava uma Colostomia de Hartmann pós herniorrafia. Foi admitida no CHS (Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, para realização de exames cirúrgicos e solicitados retirada da Colostomia via cirurgia. No pós cirúrgico evoluiu com uma fístula, uma ferida cirúrgica e picos febris, sendo mantido tratamento com antibióticos Metronidazol e Kefazol e posteriormente trocando para Ertapenem e Vancomicina. Comentários Finais: O controle das infecções hospitalares e cirúrgicas é necessário para minimizar o risco de resistência bacteriana e o uso indiscriminado de antibioticoterapia.

Atención Ginecológica en pediatría: Algunos resultados de nuestro trabajo

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Miguel Lugones Botell

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 150 pacientes de 0 a 10 años de edad, atendidas con historias clínicas en la consulta de Ginecología Infanto Juvenil en el municipio Playa, entre el 1ro. de septiembre de 1996 y el 30 de noviembre del 2001, donde se analizaron las siguientes variables: principales motivos de consulta en relación con la edad, principales causas de leucorrea o vulvovaginitis, causas de trastornos de la pubertad y causas de dolor pelviano. Se concluye que los principales motivos de consulta fueron la leucorrea o vulvovaginitis, los trastornos de la pubertad y el dolor pelviano, y las principales causas de éstas fueron la vaginosis bacteriana como principal causa de leucorrea; la telarquia precoz, en el trastorno de la pubertad y la giardiasis, en el dolor pelviano en la mayoría de las niñas.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients aged 0-10 years, seen with their medical histories at the Pediatric-Juvenile Gynecology Outpatient Service in Playa municipality from September 1st,1996 to November 30th,2001. The study analyzed the following variables: principal reasons for going to see the gynecologist according to age, main causes of leukorrhea or vulvovaginitis, causes of puberty disorders and of pelvic pain. It was concluded that the main reasons for going to the gynecologist were leukorrhea or vulvovaginitis, puberty disorders and pelvic pain, whereas the main cause of leukorrhea was bacterial vaginosis, puberty disorders resulted from premature thelarche, and pelvic pain was caused by giardiasis in most of the girls.

EXTRATOS VEGETAIS, FORMULAÇÕES A BASE DE EXTRATO VEGETAL E PRODUTOS QUÍMICOS NO CONTROLE DA MANCHA BACTERIANA DO MARACUJAZEIRO

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Rosemary Corrêa Costa

2017-05-01

e as avaliações foram realizadas pela contagem do número de colônias do patógeno. Nos ensaios em casade-vegetação a aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada 7 dias antes da inoculação de X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae para as formulações e extratos e 2 dias antes da inoculação para os produtos químicos. As avaliações de severidade da doença foram realizadas em intervalos de 48 horas. Os produtos oxitetraciclina, fluazinam, mancozeb, oxicloreto de cobre, Fitoforce Cobre e Fitoforce Plus inibiram totalmente o crescimento in vitro da bactéria. Em casa-de-vegetação, todos os tratamentos reduziram significativamente a severidade da mancha bacteriana com reduções entre 54 e 62%, com exceção do Fitoforce Plus que apresentou porcentagem de controle abaixo de 50%.

Bacterial diversity of soil under eucalyptus assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis Diversidade bacteriana de solo sob eucaliptos obtida por seqüenciamento do 16S rDNA

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Érico Leandro da Silveira

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Studies on the impact of Eucalyptus spp. on Brazilian soils have focused on soil chemical properties and isolating interesting microbial organisms. Few studies have focused on microbial diversity and ecology in Brazil due to limited coverage of traditional cultivation and isolation methods. Molecular microbial ecology methods based on PCR amplified 16S rDNA have enriched the knowledge of soils microbial biodiversity. The objective of this work was to compare and estimate the bacterial diversity of sympatric communities within soils from two areas, a native forest (NFA and an eucalyptus arboretum (EAA. PCR primers, whose target soil metagenomic 16S rDNA were used to amplify soil DNA, were cloned using pGEM-T and sequenced to determine bacterial diversity. From the NFA soil 134 clones were analyzed, while 116 clones were analyzed from the EAA soil samples. The sequences were compared with those online at the GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses revealed differences between the soil types and high diversity in both communities. Soil from the Eucalyptus spp. arboretum was found to have a greater bacterial diversity than the soil investigated from the native forest area.Estudos sobre impacto do Eucalyptus spp. em solos brasileiros têm focalizado propriedades químicas do solo e isolamento de microrganismos de interesse. No Brasil há pouco enfoque em ecologia e diversidade microbiana, devido às limitações dos métodos tradicionais de cultivo e isolamento. A utilização de métodos moleculares no estudo da ecologia microbiana baseados na amplificação por PCR do 16S rDNA têm enriquecido o conhecimento da biodiversidade microbiana dos solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar e estimar a diversidade bacteriana de comunidades simpátricas em solos de duas áreas: uma floresta nativa (NFA e outra adjacente com arboreto de eucaliptos (EAA. Oligonucleotídeos iniciadores foram utilizados para amplificar o 16S rDNA metagenômico do solo, o qual foi

Contaminação bacteriana em concentrados plaquetários: identificação, perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e sepse associada à transfusão Bacterial contamination on platelet concentrates: identification, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and transfusion-related sepsis

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Rosiéli Martini

2010-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Devido à sepse bacteriana associada à transfusão de concentrados plaquetários (CPs ter sérias consequências clínicas para os pacientes, alguns procedimentos têm sido incorporados na preparação e no controle de qualidade dos componentes sanguíneos para reduzir o risco da contaminação bacteriana. Este artigo descreve a prevalência da contaminação bacteriana dos CPs que foram transfundidos, o espectro bacteriano detectado com seu perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e as reações transfusionais nos receptores. MÉTODOS: Um total de 292 CPs (278 randômicos e 14 por aférese, proveniente do Hemocentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS de Santa Maria foi testado. As quantidades de 100μL e 200μL foram coletadas da porção tubular da bolsa de plaquetas e semeadas utilizando dois tipos de metodologias. RESULTADOS: Em cinco unidades(1,7%; 5/292 foram isoladas bactérias pela metodologia qualitativa e apenas uma pela quantitativa. Staphylococcus epidermidis foi o microrganismo identificado em todas as amostras. Dois pacientes apresentaram sepse associada à transfusão com desfecho fatal. CONCLUSÕES: A contaminação bacteriana pelas transfusões de CPs constitui-se num importante problema de saúde pública devido a sua associação com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Neste estudo, somente microrganismos gram-positivos foram isolados sendo que nenhuma amostra obtida por aférese apresentou contaminação.INTRODUCTION: Bacterial sepsis associated with the transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs results in serious clinical implications for patients. Given these implications, certain procedures have been integrated into the preparation and quality control of blood components to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. This article describes the prevalence of bacterial contamination on transfused PCs, the bacterial spectrum detected and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and transfusion

In vitro bacterial plaque suppression and recolonization by S. mutans and S. sobrinus Supressão e recolonização de placa bacteriana por S. mutans e S. sobrinus in vitro

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Cássio Vicente Pereira

2006-03-01

que foram previamente padronizadas foram incubadas em meio de cultura contendo diferentes carboidratos fermentáveis. Em intervalos de tempo determinados, amostras de S. mutans e S. sobrinus foram coletadas a partir de culturas mistas, diluídas e semeadas em placas com meio BHI-ágar contendo rifampicina ou estreptomicina para determinação do número de células viáveis de cada espécie por contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia. Para a avaliação da colonização bacteriana e recolonização da placa bacteriana in vitro, três experimentos foram realizados: I - co-cultivo de S. mutans e S. sobrinus; II - inoculação de S. mutans em placa bacteriana pré-formada por S. sobrinus; e III - placa bacteriana pré-formada por S. mutans dispersada e plaqueada em meio BHI-ágar contendo estreptomicina ou rifampicina para determinação do número de células viáveis para cada espécie. Os resultados indicaram uma predominância de S. mutans em relação ao S. sobrinus, demonstrando a capacidade do S. mutans em inibir a formação de placa por S. sobrinus e recolonizar a superfície dentária.

Utilidad de Streptotest en la farmacia comunitaria para la discriminación rápida de faringitis bacteriana y vírica en pacientes adultos

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Bonafonte Jimeno MA

2013-05-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN La faringoamigdalitis es la patología infecciosa más frecuente en consultas médicas, tanto en población infantil como adulta. Los signos y síntomas de la faringitis viral o bacteriana son inespecíficos, dificultando su diagnóstico. OBJETIVO Determinar la utilidad en la farmacia comunitaria del Streptotest para la discriminación rápida de los dos tipos de faringitis en pacientes adultos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Diseño observacional no postautorización (No-EPA, prospectivo, multicéntrico y de ámbito nacional en 133 farmacias comunitarias. Criterios de selección: pacientes con edad igual o superior a 18 años, que acuden a la farmacia solicitando un remedio para un proceso de afectación faringoamigdalar agudo, que no hayan tomado antibiótico en los ultimos tres días y que hayan otorgado su consentimiento informado por escrito. RESULTADOS Se registraron un total de 1.039 casos válidos. El 33% de los pacientes solicitó un antibiótico en la farmacia para el tratamiento de la afectación faringoamigdalar. Un 54% presentó síntomas inespecíficos tanto de infección bacteriana o vírica. El resultado del test fue positivo en un 12% de los pacientes. El 93% de los pacientes con Streptotest positivo fue derivado al médico. El 97% de los pacientes con resultado positivo recibió tratamiento antibiótico, cumpliéndolo correctamente el 94%. El 96% de los pacientes tuvo una evolución positiva. El Streptotest puede ser una herramienta de gran ayuda para el farmacéutico comunitario que, en colaboración con el médico de atención primaria, puede contribuir a una reducción significativa del consumo inadecuado de antibióticos en el tratamiento de las faringoamigdalitis de origen vírico.

Easiness of use and validity testing of VS-SENSE device for detection of abnormal vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis.

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Donders, Gilbert G G; Marconi, Camila; Bellen, Gert

2010-01-01

Accessing vaginal pH is fundamental during gynaecological visit for the detection of abnormal vaginal flora (AVF), but use of pH strips may be time-consuming and difficult to interpret. The aim of this study was to evaluate the VS-SENSE test (Common Sense Ltd, Caesarea, Israel) as a tool for the diagnosis of AVF and its correlation with abnormal pH and bacterial vaginosis (BV). The study population consisted of 45 women with vaginal pH ≥ 4.5 and 45 women with normal pH. Vaginal samples were evaluated by VS-SENSE test, microscopy and microbiologic cultures. Comparing with pH strips results, VS-SENSE test specificity was 97.8% and sensitivity of 91%. All severe cases of BV and aerobic vaginitis (AV) were detected by the test. Only one case with normal pH had an unclear result. Concluding, VS-SENSE test is easy to perform, and it correlates with increased pH, AVF, and the severe cases of BV and AV.

Association between aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and squamous intraepithelial lesion of low grade.

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Jahic, Mahira; Mulavdic, Mirsada; Hadzimehmedovic, Azra; Jahic, Elmir

2013-01-01

To determine frequency of HPV infection, aerobic vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in respondents with squamous intraepithelial lesion of lower grade comparing to respondents with normal PAP test results. Prospective research of 100 respondents has been conducted at University-Clinic Center Tuzla and Gynecology and Obstetrics Department at Primary Health Care Center Tuzla in period from May 2011 untill January 2012. Examination program included: anamnesis, clinical gynecological examination, HPV typization, microbiological examination of vaginal and cervical smear and PAP test. High risk HPV group has been found more frequently among the respondents with LG SIL 46% (23) than in those with normal PAP result 14% (7) p vaginitis has been found in the respondents with LG SIL in 28% (14) and there is statistically significant difference of this vaginitis comparing to the respondents with normal PAP result (p vaginitis in 9 cases E. coli has been isolated, in 4 E. faecalis and in 1 Staphylococcus aureus, while in women with normal PAP test results 3 cases of E.coli have been isolated. Examining changes in pH value of vaginal environment, higher measured values have been found in the respondents with LG SIL- 5.26 while in the respondents with normal PAP test result was 4.94 (p vaginitis is very common but is not an indicator of HPV infection. An adequate treatment of aerobic vaginitis would decrease the frequency of LG SIL and number of precancerous lesions which may

Efecto de la adición de materia orgánica sobre la dinámica poblacional bacteriana del suelo en cultivos de papa y maíz

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David García Ventocilla

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Se determinó el efecto de la fertilización orgánica sobre las poblaciones bacterianas del suelo en cultivos de papa y maíz durante la campaña agrícola 2008-2009 en terrenos de cuatro localidades del Valle del Mantaro: INIA Santa Ana (Huancayo, en la EEA El Mantaro (Jauja, Vista Alegre y Huayao (ambos en Chupaca. En estos lugares se instalaron parcelas experimentales de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. Var. Canchan y maíz (Zea maíz L. Var. Cusco mejorado bajo abonamiento orgánico (vacuno, ovino, cuy, fertilización química y sin fertilización alguna (testigo. Para dicho efecto se empleó las técnicas de la Electroforesis en Gel de Gradiente Desnaturalizante (DGGE con amplificación de la región 968 – 1401 del rDNA 16S. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la variabilidad de las poblaciones bacterianas en los suelos está afectado directamente por el tipo de cultivo mas no por el tipo de fertilización ya que el efecto de este último resulta variable para cada zona experimental y cultivo encontrándose solo en la zona experimental de Chupaca - Maíz una segregación de los tratamientos con fertilización orgánica de los tratamientos químicos. También se ha encontrado que la variación de las comunidades microbianas no sufre variaciones significativas en los suelos con cultivos de maíz obteniéndose coeficientes de similaridad para todos los tratamientos por encima del 80% mientras que para los tratamientos en los cultivos de papa dicho coeficiente fue de tan solo del 60%.

Bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vaginal inflammation and major Pap smear abnormalities.

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Vieira-Baptista, P; Lima-Silva, J; Pinto, C; Saldanha, C; Beires, J; Martinez-de-Oliveira, J; Donders, G

2016-04-01

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of the vaginal milieu on the presence of abnormal Pap smears and a positive human papilloma virus (HPV) test. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2014 and May 2015, evaluating the vaginal discharge by fresh wet mount microscopy and comparing these data with Pap smear findings. Wet mount slides were scored for bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV), presence of Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis. Cytologic evaluation was done on all Pap smears according to the Bethesda criteria. The cobas© HPV Test (Roche) was performed for HPV detection. A total of 622 cases were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 41.6 ± 10.65 years (range 21-75). Eighty-three women (13.3 %) had a cytology result worse than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). When comparing this group with the one with normal or minor [atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or LSIL] Pap smear abnormalities, there were no differences in the presence of Candida (32.5 % vs. 33.2 %, p = 1.0), absence of lactobacilli (38.6 % vs. 32.5 %, p = 0.32) or BV (20.5 % vs. 13.2 %, p = 0.09). On the other hand, moderate or severe inflammation (msI) (41.0 % vs. 28.8 %, p = 0,04), moderate or severe AV (msAV) (16.9 % vs. 7.2 %, p = 0.009) and msAV/BV (37.3 % vs. 20.0 %, p = 0.001) were more common in women with such major cervical abnormalities. No significant association was found between deviations of the vaginal milieu and high-risk HPV infection. The presence of msI or msAV, but not BV, is independently associated with an increased risk of major cervical cytological abnormalities, but not with HPV infection.

Efeito da solarização e biofumigação, durante o outono, na incidência de murcha-bacteriana e produtividade da batata Effect of soil solarization and biofumigation during autumn on bacterial wilt incidence and potato yield

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Mírian Josefina Baptista

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A murcha-bacteriana causada por Ralstonia solanacearum é uma das principais doenças da cultura da batata. A solarização tem sido estudada como opção para a desinfestação do solo e tem potencial para o controle da murcha bacteriana. A técnica é indicada para uso nas estações quentes do ano pois depende de condições climáticas adequadas. Devido ao período de plantio de determinadas culturas, é interessante avaliar o uso da solarização em outras épocas do ano e associada a outras técnicas para garantir sua eficiência. A biofumigação é a desinfestação do solo através da adição de matéria orgânica que, durante sua decomposição, libera substâncias tóxicas aos fitopatógenos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se durante o outono (maio a junho os efeitos da adição de cama de aves (biofumigação e da solarização na incidência natural da murcha-bacteriana e na produtividade da batata, através dos tratamentos: adição de cama de aves (20 t/ha, uréia (100 kg/ha, aplicação de brometo de metila e solo sem tratamento (testemunha, todos solarizados ou não solarizados. Avaliou-se a produção de tubérculos totais e comerciais e, a partir da incidência de murcha-bacteriana, foi feito o cálculo da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD. Na área infestada, apenas o uso do brometo de metila proporcionou reduções significativas na incidência da murcha-bacteriana. No entanto, a aplicação de brometo de metila e a adição de cama de aves em associação com a solarização possibilitaram produção significativamente maior de tubérculos de batata em relação à testemunha. Os efeitos da solarização associada à biofumigação com cama de aves sobre a produtividade da batata em área infestada com R. solanacearum devem ser melhor investigados.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases of the potato. Soil solarization has been studied as an option for soilborne

La enfermedad perinatal y la prematuridad pertenecen a un síndrome clínico multifactorial: participación de la herencia de enfermedad vascular, la flora microbiana vaginal y el estado nutricional

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Lilia Huiza

2003-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: 1 Conocer las características maternas y la asociación de la flora microbiana vaginal (FMV en gestantes con riesgo alto de prematuridad (GAP; y, 2 Determinar la asociación de la FMV y el resultado materno-perinatal en dichas gestantes. DISEÑO: Estudio caso-control, desde enero 1994 hasta diciembre 1995. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El grupo de casos incluyó 238 madres con gestaciones simples, internadas por amenaza de parto pretérmino, fluido vaginal aumentado, pielonefritis aguda e hipertensión arterial, a quienes se realizó estudio directo en lámina de la FMV. El grupo control consistió en 3 850 gestantes con feto único que tuvieron parto a término en el mismo período. Las gestantes del grupo de casos fueron separadas en aquellas que presentaron vaginitis bacteriana (n=136, vaginosis bacteriana (VB, n=57 y trichomonas vaginalis (TV, n=45. RESULTADOS: Las gestantes con TV y aquellas con VB tenían una pareja sexual. Los casos presentaron mayor riesgo de malnutrición materna, peso materno bajo, un familiar diabético/hipertenso crónico, prediabetes, anemia crónica, amenaza de aborto, cicatriz uterina, fiebre puerperal y endometritis. Los neonatos de los casos presentaron mayor riesgo de hiperbilirrubinemia, sepsis neonatal, prematuridad, dificultad respiratoria, morbilidad neonatal, infante pequeño y grande para la edad de gestación. CONCLUSIONES: La herencia y el medio ambiente determinan el estado de nutrición, el tipo de flora microbiana vaginal y la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped (madre/feto. La respuesta del huésped a varios factores estresores sería la responsable del síndrome del parto pretérmino, la prematuridad y la morbilidad neonatal.

Vulvovaginites em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana Vaginal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women

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Paula Matos Oliveira

2008-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar a freqüência de vulvovaginites em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV com mulheres não infectadas. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal com 64 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e 76 não infectadas. Foram calculadas as freqüências de vaginose bacteriana, candidíase e tricomoníase, que foram diagnosticadas por critérios de Amsel, cultura e exame a fresco, respectivamente. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se o teste do c2, teste exato de Fisher e regressão múltipla para verificar a independência das associações. RESULTADOS: a infecção vaginal foi mais prevalente em pacientes infectadas pelo HIV quando comparadas ao Grupo Controle (59,4 versus 28,9%, pPURPOSE: to compare the frequency of vulvovaginitis in women infected with human imunnodeficiency virus (HIV with the frequency in non-infected women. METHODS: a transversal study including 64 HIV infected women and 76 non-infected ones. The frequencies of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, diagnosed by Amsel's criteria, culture and fresh exam, respectively, were calculated. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple regressions to verify the independence of associations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: the vaginal infection was more prevalent in HIV infected patients, as compared to the control group (59.4 versus 28.9%, p<0,001; Odds Ratio=2.7, IC95%=1.33-5.83, p=0.007. Bacterial vaginosis occurred in 26.6% of the positive-HIV women; vaginal candidiasis, in 29.7% and trichomoniasis, in 12.5% of them. All the infections were significantly more frequent in the group of HIV infected women (p=0.04, 0.02 e 0.04, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: vulvovaginitis is more frequent in HIV infected women.

Associations between vaginal pathogenic community and bacterial vaginosis in Chinese reproductive-age women.

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Zongxin Ling

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV is one of the most common urogenital infections among women of reproductive age that represents shifts in microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. to diverse anaerobes. The aim of our study was to evalute the diagnostic values of Gardnerella, Atopobium, Eggerthella, Megasphaera typeI, Leptotrichia/Sneathia and Prevotella, defined as a vaginal pathogenic community for BV and their associations with vaginal pH and Nugent scores. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We investigated the vaginal pathogenic bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. with species-specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR in 50 BV-positive and 50 BV-negative Chinese women of reproductive age. Relative to BV-negative subjects, a siginificant decline in Lactobacillus and an obvious increase in bacteria in the vaginal pathogenic community were observed in BV-postive subjects (P<0.05. With the exception of Megasphaera typeI, other vaginal pathogenic bacteria were highly predictable for BV with a better sensitivity and specificity. The vaginal pathogenic community was positively associated with vaginal pH and Nugent scores, while Lactobacillus spp., such as L. iners and L. crispatus was negatively associated with them (P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Our data implied that the prevalance of vaginal pathogenic bacteria as well as the depletion of Lactobacillus was highly accurate for BV diagnosis. Vaginal microbiota shifts, especially the overgrowth of the vaginal pathogenic community, showed well diagnostic values in predicting BV. Postive correlations between those vaginal pathogenic bacteria and vaginal pH, Nugent score indicated the vaginal pathogenic community rather than a single vaginal microorganism, was participated in the onset of BV directly.

[Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis - a 3-year study in four medical centers].

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Gergova, R; Tosheva, K; Shtereva, M; Iordanova, Tz; Konsulova, V; Petrova-Jerova, A; Mitov, I; Ilieva, T; Strateva, T

2014-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infection of the lower genital tract among women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV and the important etiological agent Gardnerella vaginalis in Bulgarian patients of different age groups, as well as, the risk factors forBV METHODS: One thousand five hundred and twenty-three (1523) women aged 16 to 45 years without previous antimicrobial therapy were included in this study. The methods used were: scoring of Gram staining of vaginal smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for G. vaginalis. Positive for BV according to the microscopic examination criteria were 47.80% from the 1523 tested women. In 88.87% from the positive samples G. vaginalis was detected using PCR, thus demonstrating high comparability of the both methods and the leading role of G. vaginalis. The most affected with BV is the age group of 21-25 years (33.21% of all subjects with BV). The most important detected risk factors were: smoking (more than 55% with BV), single marital status (only 15% with BV are married), more than I sexual partner (more than 36% had changed the sexual partner), early onset of sexual activity (75% of B V asocciated subjects started their sexual activity by the age 15-18 years). The established early age for aquiring BV among Bulgarian women is very important and alarming sign. This is the first study on the etiological role of G. vaginalis and on the risk factors for BV in Bulgaria.

Aggregation of plaque disclosing agent in a dentifrice Incorporação de evidenciador de placa bacteriana a um dentifrício

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Débora Dias da Silva

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Dental plaque removal is an important issue in health promotion. Toothbrushing is one of the main methods employed for such purpose, since it can prevent dental caries by means of the fluoride present in the dentifrice. Dentifrices might contain plaque disclosing agents and thus allow dental plaque observation. The aim of this study was to assess whether utilization of a plaque disclosing agent interfered with plaque removal among adolescents, as well as the difference between utilization of erythrosine tablets and dentifrices containing plaque disclosing agent. The sample was composed of 62 students from Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, aged 12 to 14 years old, divided into 3 groups: G1 or control group (toothbrushing without plaque disclosure; G2 (plaque disclosing with an erythrosine tablet and toothbrushing and G3 (toothbrushing with dentifrice containing plaque disclosing agent. After toothbrushing, disclosure of the remaining dental plaque was performed in all groups with a fuchsin tablet and measured through the Simplified Oral Health Assessment Index (OHI-S, in two stages with a 2-month interval between them. The analysis of variance (ANOVA showed that there was no difference in the OHI-S index between the groups (p>0.05, however the G3 displayed a higher proportion of students with plaque reduction (23% than G2 (21%, besides the smallest difference in the mean remaining dental plaque. There was no difference between groups; however, it was suggested that the dentifrice with plaque disclosing agent had positive results in relation to the erythrosine tablet, even though the small sample size may have interfered with the results, indicating the need of complementary studies.Na promoção de saúde, a remoção da placa bacteriana é um fator importante e um dos métodos que incentivam sua remoção, é a escovação dentária, podendo-se prevenir a cárie dental através do íon flúor dos dentifrícios. Estes podem conter evidenciadores

Restoring vaginal microbiota: biological control of bacterial vaginosis. A prospective case-control study using Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 as adjuvant treatment against bacterial vaginosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Recine, Nadia; Palma, Ettore; Domenici, Lavinia; Giorgini, Margherita; Imperiale, Ludovica; Sassu, Carolina; Musella, Angela; Marchetti, Claudia; Muzii, Ludovico; Benedetti Panici, Pierluigi

2016-01-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in reproductive-age women worldwide. BV is an ecological disorder of the vaginal microbiota characterized microbiologically by replacement of the lactobacilli, predominant vaginal microbiota. It is characterized by a high rate of relapse in sexual active women, and these patients show three or more relapses each year. A healthy vagina is characterized by hydrogen peroxide and acid-producing lactobacilli, which are crucial to maintain the physiological vaginal ecosystem and their depletion speeds up bacterial overgrowth with pH elevation, salidase and amine production, leading to the observed signs and symptoms of BV. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of long-term vaginal lactobacilli's implementation in restoring and maintaining vaginal microflora and pH and to collect data about prophylactic approach based on probiotics supplementation with lactobacilli. This is a prospective case-control study, performed between January 2013 and September 2014 at Department of Gynecological Obstetrics and Urologic Sciences of "Sapienza" University of Rome. 250 non-pregnant sexually active women with diagnoses of BV were collected. Patients selected were divided in Group A (125 patients assigned to standard treatment for BV-metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 7 days) and Group B (125 women undergoing the same standard antibiotic regimen followed by vaginal tablets containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54). Patients were evaluated after 2, 6, and 9 months (T0, T2, T6, and T9) in term of recurrences rates of BV, vaginal symptoms, re-establishment of healthy vaginal flora, vaginal pH, and treatment tolerability. Vaginal flora was significantly replaced in Group B patients after 2 months comparing with Group A (p = 0.014). These data were confirmed at 6 and 9 months follow-up: patients that underwent prophylactic therapy with NORMOGIN(®) experienced significantly low rate of

Easiness of Use and Validity Testing of VS-SENSE Device for Detection of Abnormal Vaginal Flora and Bacterial Vaginosis

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Gilbert G. G. Donders

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Accessing vaginal pH is fundamental during gynaecological visit for the detection of abnormal vaginal flora (AVF, but use of pH strips may be time-consuming and difficult to interpret. The aim of this study was to evaluate the VS-SENSE test (Common Sense Ltd, Caesarea, Israel as a tool for the diagnosis of AVF and its correlation with abnormal pH and bacterial vaginosis (BV. The study population consisted of 45 women with vaginal pH ≥ 4.5 and 45 women with normal pH. Vaginal samples were evaluated by VS-SENSE test, microscopy and microbiologic cultures. Comparing with pH strips results, VS-SENSE test specificity was 97.8% and sensitivity of 91%. All severe cases of BV and aerobic vaginitis (AV were detected by the test. Only one case with normal pH had an unclear result. Concluding, VS-SENSE test is easy to perform, and it correlates with increased pH, AVF, and the severe cases of BV and AV.

Infecciones cérvico vaginales y embarazo

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A. Marcelo Pradenas, DR.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La flora vaginal normal, conformada por múltiples microorganismos, juega un rol fundamental en la mantención de un ambiente adecuado de defensa contra ciertas infecciones durante el embarazo. Cuando se altera puede dar origen a Vaginosis Bacteriana, caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples bacterias en número mayor a lo habitual y que en el embarazo pueden potencialmente desencadenar efectos adversos, tanto en la madre como en el feto. Lo mismo ocurre con otro tipo de infecciones vaginales, como Clamydia y Gonorrea, que además de tener un impacto por ser las principales ETS, sus consecuencias en el feto pueden implicar secuelas de por vida. Si bien Estreptococo grupo B en la vagina no corresponde a una infección propiamente tal, su oportuna identificación y tratamiento durante el embarazo y parto, ha mostrado ser útil en la prevención de secuelas del recién nacido. El siguiente artículo aborda las principales infecciones cérvico vaginales, sus características y potenciales daños tanto para la madre como para su hijo.

Un modelo de predicción de meningitis bacteriana en recién nacidos con pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo

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Manuel Díaz Álvarez

Full Text Available Introducción: se han desarrollado herramientas de predicción de meningitis bacteriana (MB en pacientes pediátricos, pero ellas no incluyen el período neonatal. Objetivo: diseñar y validar un modelo de predicción de MB en pacientes neonatales quienes presentan pleocitosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR al ser evaluados por variables clínicas y de laboratorio. Pacientes y método: estudio retrospectivo y analítico, que incluyó 320 pacientes neonatales evaluados por probable infección, en quienes se hizo el diagnóstico de meningitis, 45 con MB y 275 con meningitis aséptica, e ingresados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "Juan M. Márquez", entre Febrero de 1992 y Diciembre del 2009. Se creó un Modelo Predictivo de Meningitis Bacteriana, sobre la base de un conjunto de variables identificadas mediante procedimientos de análisis uni y multivariado. El modelo se diseñó a partir de una población «de derivación», y se contrastó en otro grupo, este "de validación". Resultados: las variables seleccionadas para integrar el modelo predictivo fueron: 1 Apariencia de estado tóxico-infeccioso, 2 Convulsiones en el transcurso de la enfermedad, 3 Tinción de Gram del LCR positiva, 4 Proporción de leucocitos polimorfonucleares en el LCR >80%, y 5 Glucorraquia <1.0 mMol/l. Con estas variables se alcanzaron sensibilidad y valor predictivo negativo de 100.0%. Con el modelo propuesto, en el grupo de derivación no hubo ningún paciente malclasificado con predicción negativa de MB pero portador de este tipo de infección. En el grupo de validación, el modelo tuvo un desempeño similar, lo cual lo acredita como un modelo de predicción validado internamente. Conclusiones: el modelo de predicción diseñado descansa en variables de evaluación rutinarias, y permitió identificar inequívocamente la totalidad de los pacientes neonatales con MB. Su empleo podría ser una herramienta útil en la toma de

Una nueva ultraestructura de ópalo CT en silcretas. Posible indicador de influencia bacteriana

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Bustillo, Mª A.

1995-04-01

Full Text Available Electron microscope observations of opaline silcretes found in the playa of a Miocene shallow lake reveal new opal CT microstructures. These microstructures are made up of fibres, filaments or rods, which are formed, in tum by coalesced microspheres or microhemispheres (0,1-0,2 µ diameter. They are up to 10 µ in length although larger ones could exist. They are straight, bent, wavy or even hairpin shaped. These microstructures comprise part of the opaline mass of the silcretes and are very similar to both neogenic opaline structures which are formed by bacterial intluence and to silicified biofilms. Therefore microbial mediation could exist in the genesis of this opal CT, although a possible inorganic origin by silicification of sepiolite is also considered.Un estudio mediante MEB de silcretas miocenas opalinas formadas por silicificación de playas en un ambiente de «playa-lake» pone de manifiesto la existencia de una nueva microestructura de ópalo CT. Esta microestructura denominada en general fibrosa, se manifiesta por la presencia de multitud de fibras, filamentos o varillas formadas por la alineación de microesferas o microhemisferas que presentan un diámetro entre 0,1 y 0,2 µ. Las fibras, filamentos o varillas tienen formas variables: rectas, curvadas, onduladas y «en horquilla», y presentan longitudes de hasta 10 µ, aunque podrían existir longitudes mayores. La disposición organizada de las microesferas en filamentos o fibras, constituyendo la masa general del ópalo, y su parecido con microestructuras opalinas que han sido formadas por influencia bacteriana, hacen considerar esta hipótesis, aunque no se puede descartar totalmente un origen inorgánico por silicificación de sepiolita.

Iatrogenic causes of salivary gland dysfunction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schubert, M.M.; Izutsu, K.T.

1987-01-01

Saliva is important for maintaining oral health and function. There are instances when medical therapy is intended to decrease salivary flow, such as during general anesthesia, but most instances of iatrogenic salivary gland dysfunction represent untoward or unavoidable side-effects. The clinical expression of the salivary dysfunction can range from very minor transient alteration in saliva flow to a total loss of salivary function. The most common forms of therapy that interfere with salivation are drug therapies, cancer therapies (radiation or chemotherapy), and surgical therapy. These therapies can affect salivation by a number of different mechanisms that include: disruption of autonomic nerve function related to salivation, interference with acinar or ductal cell functions related to salivation, cytotoxicity, indirect effects (vasoconstriction/dilation, fluid and electrolyte balance, etc.), and physical trauma to salivary glands and nerves. A wide variety of drugs is capable of increasing or decreasing salivary flow by mimicking autonomic nervous system actions or by directly acting on cellular processes necessary for salivation: drugs can also indirectly affect salivation by altering fluid and electrolyte balance or by affecting blood flow to the glands. Ionizing radiation can cause permanent damage to salivary glands, damage that is manifest as acinar cell destruction with subsequent atrophy and fibrosis of the glands. Cancer chemotherapy can cause changes in salivation, but the changes are usually much less severe and only transient. Finally, surgical and traumatic injuries interfere with salivation because of either disruption of gland innervation or gross physical damage (or removal) of glandular tissue (including ducts)

Tratamiento de agrandamiento gingival inducido por fenitoina asociado a placa bacteriana

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Carmen Julia Rovira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa ingesta de algunos medicamentos puede producir un sobre crecimiento de las encías. Se reportan medicamentos tales como los bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, inmunosupresores, anticonvulsivantes que producen estos efectos adversos. Múltiples casos de agrandamientos gingivales están asociados a la ingesta de Fenitoína. El tratamiento de los agrandamientos gingivales inducidos por drogas por lo general es quirúrgico, pero mantener un buen control de placa bacteriana puede evitar en muchos casos que se presente un exagerado aumento de volumen gingival. Se presenta un caso de agrandamiento gingival en paciente masculino de 22 años de edad, bajo tratamiento antiepiléptico con fenitoína. Al examen clínico se observó aumento del volumen gingival de forma generalizada, en maxilar superior e inferior, predominante en sector anterior, produciendo ardor y sangrado durante el cepillado y la ingestión de alimentos. Al sondaje presenta múltiples pseudobolsas en los diferentes cuadrantes. La radiografía panorámica reveló pérdida ósea moderada horizontal, predominante en el sector posterosuperior, posteroinferior y anteroinferior. El plan de tratamiento consistió en fase higiénica, instrucción y motivación en higiene oral a la madre, gingivectomía y gingivoplastía en ambos maxilares. (DUAZARY 2011 No. 2, 226 - 231Abstract The importance of endodontic treatment is to achieve a complete filling and sealing of the root canal to prevent the transport of contaminants to and from root canal, with materials compatible with the surrounding tissues. Occasionally a situation may arise in which the purpose of the maintenance of working length is compromised such as overenlargement. This situation allows the extrusion of filling materials, mainly sealer cements, causing post treatment complications such as inflammatory reactions, injury to adjacent structures (orbital pain, inferior alveolar nerve injury, headache, etc., and infections

Las meningoencefalitis bacterianas en la población infantil cubana: 1998-2000

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Félix Orlando Dickinson Meneses

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se describen algunos aspectos epidemiológicos de las meningoencefalitis bacterianas (MEB en Cuba entre 1998 y el año 2000, según los datos de la Vigilancia Nacional de las MEB (VNMEB disponibles. Se reportaron un total de 530 casos en menores de 15 años en todo el país durante el período. El grupo de edad más afectado resultó el de menos de 5 años. Los agentes más frecuentemente identificados fueron Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn y Neisseria meningitidis (Nm. La incidencia de Hib disminuyó 4 veces por el efecto de la vacunación masiva, especialmente en los menores de 5 años, a partir del año 2000 Spn es el principal agente causante de MEB y el más letal en Cuba. La letalidad general se incrementó de 10,6 a 20,4 %, y fue el grupo de los de menos de 1 año uno de los más afectados. Futuros estudios permitirán profundizar en la epidemiología de estas infecciones y monitorear los cambios que ocurran como consecuencia de intervenciones.Somme epidemiological aspects of bacterial meningoencephalities that occurred in Cuba from 1998-2000 are described according to available data from the National Surveillance Service. A total of 530 cases involving children under 15 years old were reported throughout the country in this period of time. The most affected age group was under 5 years. The most frequent identified agents were Haemophilus influenzae type B(Hib, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm. The incidence of Hib decreased by 4 times thanks to massive vaccination program, particularly in under 5 years-old children, from the year 2000 on. Spn is the main causative agent of bacterial meningoencephalities and the most lethal one in Cuba. General lethality rate increased from 10.6 to 20.4% and the under one-year old age group was the most affected. Further studies will allow deepening into the epidemiology of these infections and monitoring the changes that might occur as a

IDENTIFICACIÓN MOLECULAR DE POBLACIONES BACTERIANAS ASOCIADAS AL CARACOL PALA (Strombus gigas DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

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EDINSON ACOSTA

2009-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El caracol Pala, Strombus gigas (Strombidae, es de gran importancia ecológica y socioeconómica en el área caribeña colombiana. Sin embargo, es una especie catalogada como “vulnerable” y existe muy poca información referente a las especies bacterianas asociadas al caracol que puedan ser importantes para el desarrollo, manejo productivo y de seguridad acuícola de estos gastrópodos. En este trabajo, nosotros empleamos un estudio microbiológico y molecular de la región intergénica entre los genes 16S y 23S rDNA, análisis del gen rDNA 16S y secuenciación, para analizar las bacterias asociadas al caracol Pala (S. gigas. La composición de bacterias cultivables asociadas fue evaluada por su capacidad para crecer en agar marino y en medios de cultivos selectivos. De un total de 28 muestras analizadas encontramos que el número de bacterias cultivadas en condiciones aerobias fue de alrededor 106 ufc mL-1 donde las bacterias pertenecientes a la familia Vibrionacea fueron las más abundantes, cerca de >105 ufc mL-1 . El análisis molecular de la región intergénica entre los genes 16S y 23S rDNA de las diferentes muestras, reveló una gran complejidad bacteriana asociada a S. gigas. Las secuencias de los amplificados del gen rDNA 16S identificó Pseudoalteromonas sp., Halomonas sp., Psycrobacter sp., Cobetia sp., Pseudomonas sp. y Vibrios sp. Nuestros resultados podrían sugerir un rol importante de estas bacterias como componentes de la comunidad asociada al S. gigas. Esta información puede complementar los estudios que se están implementando en los procesos para la conservación y repoblamiento de las poblaciones de S. gigas en Colombia. Palabras clave: Strombus gigas, Caracol pala, Bacteria, Región intergénica 16S-23S, rDNA 16S. ABSTRACT The Queen Conch, Strombus gigas (Strombidae, is a species of great ecological and socioeconomic importance in the Caribbean area of Colombia. However, it is currently catalogued as �

“VALORACIÓN DE PLACA BACTERIANA Y GINGIVITIS, MEDIANTE EL ÍNDICE DE PLACA DE O ́LEARY E ÍNDICE GINGIVAL DE LOE-SILNESS, POSTERIOR AL USO DE CLORHEXIDINA AL 0.12%, EN PACIENTES CON APARATOLOGIA FIJA”

OpenAIRE

Bucio Hernández, María Sugey

2012-01-01

Antecedentes: La búsqueda de agentes para el control de la placa bacteriana ha sido amplia, más teniendo en cuenta la importancia que ha adquirido la enfermedad periodontal en los últimos años; esto ha llevado a diversas industrias farmaceuticas a investigar en este campo. En el presente estudio se utilizo el índice Gingival de Löe y Silness (1963), por ser sencillo y valorar todas las áreas del diente, el más utilizado actualmente para medir el estado de inflamación y de salud...

Caracterização da comunidade bacteriana endofítica de citros por isolamento, PCR específico e DGGE Characterization of the endophytic bacterial community from citrus by isolation, specific PCR and DGGE

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Paulo Teixeira Lacava

2006-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade bacteriana endofítica de plantas assintomáticas (escapes e afetadas pela clorose variegada dos citros (CVC por meio de isolamento em meio de cultura, técnica de gradiente desnaturante em gel de eletroforese (DGGE e detecção de Methylobacterium mesophilicum e Xyllela fastidiosa por meio de PCR específico, para estudar esta comunidade e sua relação com a ocorrência da CVC. A análise da comunidade bacteriana via DGGE permitiu a detecção de X. fastidiosa, bem como Klebsiella sp. e Acinetobacter sp. como endófitos de citros. Foram observados também Curtobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. e Bacillus spp. Utilizando primers específicos, Methylobacterium mesophilicum e X. fastidiosa também foram observadas, reforçando hipóteses de que estas bactérias podem estar interagindo no interior da planta hospedeira.The aim of this work was to characterize endophytic bacterial community of assintomatic (escape and Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC-affected citrus plants using isolation in culture medium, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE technique and Methylobacterium mesophilicum as well as Xylella fastidiosa specific PCR, allowing to assess this community and its interactions with CVC. The study of bacterial community by DGGE analysis allowed the detection of X. fastidiosa, as well as Klebsiella sp. e Acinetobacter sp., which were not detected previously. Curtobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus spp. were also observed as endophyte in citrus plants. Using specific primers Methylobacterium mesophilicum and X. fastidiosa were observed, reinforcing that these bacteria could interact inside the host plant.

Colonização e translocação bacteriana orofaríngea, gástrica e traqueal em crianças submetidas à ventilação pulmonar mecânica Colonización y translocación bacteriana orofaríngea, gástrica y traqueal en niños sometidos a ventilación pulmonar mecánica Oropharyngeal colonization, and gastric and tracheal bacterial translocation, in children experiencing mechanical ventilation

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Denise Miyuki Kusahara

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever o padrão de colonização e translocação bacteriana orofaríngea, gástrica e traqueal em crianças submetidas à ventilação pulmonar mecânica. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, realizado em uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Admitiram-se no estudo 30 crianças, sendo analisadas 216 culturas seriadas de secreção orofaríngea, gástrica e traqueal. Características microbiológicas, demográficas, clínicas, e terapêuticas foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância de crianças portadoras de doenças crônicas, que fizeram uso de antibióticos, sedativos e protetores gástricos, submetidas à sondagem gástrica. Houve aumento no número de crianças colonizadas por patógenos durante a internação e predomínio das espécies: Enterobacter spp, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, A. baumanii e S.aureus. A maioria das crianças (80,0% sofreu translocação orofaríngea durante a internação na UCIP. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças criticamente enfermas podem representar grupo de pacientes com risco aumentado para colonização e translocação bacteriana predominantemente da região orofaríngea para a traquéia.OBJETIVO: Describir el patrón de colonización y translocación bacteriana orofaríngea, gástrica y traqueal en niños sometidos a ventilación pulmonar mecánica. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Se admitieron en el estudio a 30 niños, siendo analizados 216 cultivos seriados de secreción orofaríngea, gástrica y traqueal. Fueron evaluadas características microbiológicas, demográficas, clínicas, y terapéuticas. RESULTADOS: Hubo predominio de niños portadores de enfermedades crónicas, que hicieron uso de antibióticos, sedantes y protectores gástricos, sometidos a sondaje gástrico. Hubo aumento en el número de niños colonizados por patógenos durante el internamiento y predominio de las especies: Enterobacter spp, K.pneumoniae, P

Resistencia bacteriana de cultivos de orina en un hospital oncológico:seguimiento a diez años

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Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir los patrones de resistencia bacteriana en cultivos de orina de pacientes de un hospital oncológico en la Ciudad de México, de 2004 a 2013. Material y métodos. Se obtuvo el porcentaje de susceptibilidad para diferentes antibióticos, describiendo por separado las bacterias multidrogorresistentes (MDR. Se analizaron por separado las cepas obtenidas de pacientes hospitalizados de las de la comunidad. Resultados. Se realizaron 51 202 cultivos, de los cuales se identificaron 14 480 bacterias (28.3%. De éstas, se reportaron 11 427 Gram negativos (78.9%; 2 080 Gram positivos (14.4%; y 973 (6.6% levaduras. Escherichia coli fue el principal microorganismo aislado (56.1%; 24% de las cepas de la comunidad y 66% de las nosocomiales fueron productoras de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE. Klebsiella pneumoniae se identificó en 705 cultivos (4.8%, 115 de los cuales fueron BLEE (16%: 13.1% de la comunidad y 29.8% nosocomiales. Pseudomonas aeruginosa se identificó en 593 cultivos (4.1%: 9% de la comunidad y 51% nosocomiales. Conclusiones. Las cepas MDR son mucho más frecuentes en muestras de origen nosocomial. Es prioritario intensificar el uso racional de antibióticos en la comunidad y el programa de desescalamiento de antimicrobianos en el hospital.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v58i4.8025

Women's Management of Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis and Experiences of Clinical Care: A Qualitative Study.

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Jade Bilardi

Full Text Available Few data are available on how women manage recurring bacterial vaginosis (BV and their experiences of the clinical care of this condition. This study aimed to explore women's recurrent BV management approaches and clinical care experiences, with a view to informing and improving the clinical management of BV.A descriptive, social constructionist approach was chosen as the framework for the study. Thirty-five women of varying sexual orientation who had experienced recurrent BV in the past 5 years took part in semi-structured interviews.The majority of women reported frustration and dissatisfaction with current treatment regimens and low levels of satisfaction with the clinical management of BV. Overall, women disliked taking antibiotics regularly, commonly experienced adverse side effects from treatment and felt frustrated at having symptoms recur quite quickly after treatment. Issues in clinical care included inconsistency in advice, misdiagnosis and inappropriate diagnostic approaches and insensitive or dismissive attitudes. Women were more inclined to report positive clinical experiences with sexual health physicians than primary care providers. Women's frustrations led most to try their own self-help remedies and lifestyle modifications in an attempt to treat symptoms and prevent recurrences, including well-known risk practices such as douching.In the face of considerable uncertainty about the cause of BV, high rates of recurrence, unacceptable treatment options and often insensitive and inconsistent clinical management, women are trying their own self-help remedies and lifestyle modifications to prevent recurrences, often with little effect. Clinical management of BV could be improved through the use of standardised diagnostic approaches, increased sensitivity and understanding of the impact of BV, and the provision of evidence based advice about known BV related risk factors.

A conservative region of the mercuric reductase gene (merA) as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance Região conservada do gene da mercúrio redutase (merA) como marcador molecular da resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio

OpenAIRE

Adriana Sotero-Martins; Michele Silva de Jesus; Michele Lacerda; Josino Costa Moreira; Ana Luzia Lauria Filgueiras; Paulo Rubens Guimarães Barrocas

2008-01-01

The most common bacterial mercury resistance mechanism is based on the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg0, which is dependent of the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA) activity. The use of a 431 bp fragment of a conservative region of the mercuric reductase (merA) gene was applied as a molecular marker of this mechanism, allowing the identification of mercury resistant bacterial strains.O mecanismo de resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio mais comum é baseada na redução do Hg(II) a Hg0, através da ativida...

Tendencias de los fenotipos de resistencia bacteriana en hospitales públicos y privados de alta complejidad de Colombia Trends of bacterial resistance phenotypes in high-complexity public and private hospitals in Colombia

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Andrea Patricia Villalobos Rodríguez

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir y comparar las frecuencias de los fenotipos de resistencia bacteriana de microorganismos obtenidos de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI y otros servicios de hospitalización (no UCI públicos y privados de alta complejidad de Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y multicéntrico, en el cual se consolidaronlos registros de los aislamientos bacterianos y los fenotipos de resistencia bacteriana de los microorganismos obtenidos de pacientes atendidos en UCI y no UCI de 79 hospitales públicos y privados de alta complejidad en el período de enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2009. La información se analizó con el programa WHONET® versión 5.5 (OMS de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Instituto de Estándares Clínicos y de Laboratorio 2009 y se resumió en un formato de extracción de datos en Excel®. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo en el cual se calcularon proporciones. El análisis de tendencias se realizó mediante la prueba de correlación de rangos de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Las tendencias de los fenotipos de resistencia bacteriana de 2007 a 2009 muestran un comportamiento incremental en la proporción de Enterococcus faecium resistente a vancomicina, Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a imipenem y a ciprofloxacina, Escherichia coli resistente a ceftazidima, y Enterobacter cloacae resistente a cefotaxima (ρ = 1, P OBJECTIVE: Describe and compare the frequency of bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from patients in intensive care units (ICU and other (non-ICU high-complexity public and private hospital services in Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective observational, analytical, multicenter study was conducted. The records from January 2007 to December 2009 on bacterial isolates and bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from ICU and non-ICU patients in 79 high-complexity public and private hospitals were consolidated. The information was

Bacterial diversity characterization in petroleum samples from Brazilian reservoirs Caracterização da diversidade bacteriana em amostras de petróleo provenientes de reservatórios brasileiros

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Valéria Maia de Oliveira

2008-09-01

Full Text Available This study aimed at evaluating potential differences among the bacterial communities from formation water and oil samples originated from biodegraded and non-biodegraded Brazilian petroleum reservoirs by using a PCR-DGGE based approach. Environmental DNA was isolated and used in PCR reactions with bacterial primers, followed by separation of 16S rDNA fragments in the DGGE. PCR products were also cloned and sequenced, aiming at the taxonomic affiliation of the community members. The fingerprints obtained allowed the direct comparison among the bacterial communities from oil samples presenting distinct degrees of biodegradation, as well as between the communities of formation water and oil sample from the non-biodegraded reservoir. Very similar DGGE band profiles were observed for all samples, and the diversity of the predominant bacterial phylotypes was shown to be low. Cloning and sequencing results revealed major differences between formation water and oil samples from the non-biodegraded reservoir. Bacillus sp. and Halanaerobium sp. were shown to be the predominant components of the bacterial community from the formation water sample, whereas the oil sample also included Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Rhodococcus sp., Streptomyces sp. and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The PCR-DGGE technique, combined with cloning and sequencing of PCR products, revealed the presence of taxonomic groups not found previously in these samples when using cultivation-based methods and 16S rRNA gene library assembly, confirming the need of a polyphasic study in order to improve the knowledge of the extent of microbial diversity in such extreme environments.Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as comunidades bacterianas de amostras de água de formação e de óleo de reservatórios de petróleo brasileiros com diferentes graus de biodegradação usando a técnica de PCR-DGGE. O DNA ambiental foi isolado e empregado em reações de PCR com primers bacterianos

The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in relation to sexual behaviour

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Temmerman Marleen

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV has been most consistently linked to sexual behaviour, and the epidemiological profile of BV mirrors that of established sexually transmitted infections (STIs. It remains a matter of debate however whether BV pathogenesis does actually involve sexual transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms from men to women. We therefore made a critical appraisal of the literature on BV in relation to sexual behaviour. Discussion G. vaginalis carriage and BV occurs rarely with children, but has been observed among adolescent, even sexually non-experienced girls, contradicting that sexual transmission is a necessary prerequisite to disease acquisition. G. vaginalis carriage is enhanced by penetrative sexual contact but also by non-penetrative digito-genital contact and oral sex, again indicating that sex per se, but not necessarily coital transmission is involved. Several observations also point at female-to-male rather than at male-to-female transmission of G. vaginalis, presumably explaining the high concordance rates of G. vaginalis carriage among couples. Male antibiotic treatment has not been found to protect against BV, condom use is slightly protective, whereas male circumcision might protect against BV. BV is also common among women-who-have-sex-with-women and this relates at least in part to non-coital sexual behaviours. Though male-to-female transmission cannot be ruled out, overall there is little evidence that BV acts as an STD. Rather, we suggest BV may be considered a sexually enhanced disease (SED, with frequency of intercourse being a critical factor. This may relate to two distinct pathogenetic mechanisms: (1 in case of unprotected intercourse alkalinisation of the vaginal niche enhances a shift from lactobacilli-dominated microflora to a BV-like type of microflora and (2 in case of unprotected and protected intercourse mechanical transfer of perineal enteric bacteria is enhanced by coitus. A similar

Use of Electrical Penetration Graph Technology to Examine Transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ to Potato by Three Haplotypes of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Hemiptera: Triozidae)

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Mustafa, Tariq; Horton, David R.; Cooper, W. Rodney; Swisher, Kylie D.; Zack, Richard S.; Pappu, Hanu R.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.

2015-01-01

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a vector of the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease of potato. Little is known about how potato psyllid transmits Lso to potato. We used electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology to compare stylet probing behaviors and efficiency of Lso transmission of three haplotypes of potato psyllid (Central, Western, Northwestern). All haplotypes exhibited the full suite of stylet behaviors identified in previous studies with this psyllid, including intercellular penetration and secretion of the stylet pathway, xylem ingestion, and phloem activities, the latter comprising salivation and ingestion. The three haplotypes exhibited similar frequency and duration of probing behaviors, with the exception of salivation into phloem, which was of higher duration by psyllids of the Western haplotype. We manipulated how long psyllids were allowed access to potato (“inoculation access period”, or IAP) to examine the relationship between phloem activities and Lso transmission. Between 25 and 30% of psyllids reached and salivated into phloem at an IAP of 1 hr, increasing to almost 80% of psyllids as IAP was increased to 24 h. Probability of Lso-transmission was lower across all IAP levels than probability of phloem salivation, indicating that a percentage of infected psyllids which salivated into the phloem failed to transmit Lso. Logistic regression showed that probability of transmission increased as a function of time spent salivating into the phloem; transmission occurred as quickly as 5 min following onset of salivation. A small percentage of infected psyllids showed extremely long salivation events but nonetheless failed to transmit Lso, for unknown reasons. Information from these studies increases our understanding of Lso transmission by potato psyllid, and demonstrates the value of EPG technology in exploring

Use of Electrical Penetration Graph Technology to Examine Transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' to Potato by Three Haplotypes of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Hemiptera: Triozidae.

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Tariq Mustafa

Full Text Available The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae, is a vector of the phloem-limited bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso, the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease of potato. Little is known about how potato psyllid transmits Lso to potato. We used electrical penetration graph (EPG technology to compare stylet probing behaviors and efficiency of Lso transmission of three haplotypes of potato psyllid (Central, Western, Northwestern. All haplotypes exhibited the full suite of stylet behaviors identified in previous studies with this psyllid, including intercellular penetration and secretion of the stylet pathway, xylem ingestion, and phloem activities, the latter comprising salivation and ingestion. The three haplotypes exhibited similar frequency and duration of probing behaviors, with the exception of salivation into phloem, which was of higher duration by psyllids of the Western haplotype. We manipulated how long psyllids were allowed access to potato ("inoculation access period", or IAP to examine the relationship between phloem activities and Lso transmission. Between 25 and 30% of psyllids reached and salivated into phloem at an IAP of 1 hr, increasing to almost 80% of psyllids as IAP was increased to 24 h. Probability of Lso-transmission was lower across all IAP levels than probability of phloem salivation, indicating that a percentage of infected psyllids which salivated into the phloem failed to transmit Lso. Logistic regression showed that probability of transmission increased as a function of time spent salivating into the phloem; transmission occurred as quickly as 5 min following onset of salivation. A small percentage of infected psyllids showed extremely long salivation events but nonetheless failed to transmit Lso, for unknown reasons. Information from these studies increases our understanding of Lso transmission by potato psyllid, and demonstrates the value of EPG technology in

Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal yeast, but not vaginal cleansing, increase HIV-1 acquisition in African women.

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van de Wijgert, Janneke H H M; Morrison, Charles S; Cornelisse, Peter G A; Munjoma, Marshall; Moncada, Jeanne; Awio, Peter; Wang, Jing; Van der Pol, Barbara; Chipato, Tsungai; Salata, Robert A; Padian, Nancy S

2008-06-01

To evaluate interrelationships between bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal yeast, vaginal practices (cleansing and drying/tightening), mucosal inflammation, and HIV acquisition. A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study was conducted, enrolling 4531 HIV-negative women aged 18 to 35 years attending family planning clinics in Zimbabwe and Uganda. Participants were tested for HIV and reproductive tract infections and were interviewed about vaginal practices every 3 months for 15 to 24 months. BV was measured by Gram stain Nugent scoring, vaginal yeast by wet mount, and mucosal inflammation by white blood cells on Gram stain. HIV incidence was 4.12 and 1.53 per 100 woman-years of follow-up in Zimbabwe and Uganda, respectively (a total of 213 incident infections). Women with BV or vaginal yeast were more likely to acquire HIV, especially if the condition was present at the same visit as the new HIV infection and the visit preceding it (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68 to 3.72 and HR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.67 to 5.28 for BV and yeast, respectively). These relationships did not seem to be mediated by mucosal inflammation. Vaginal drying/tightening was associated with HIV acquisition in univariate (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.15) but not multivariate models. Vaginal cleansing was not associated with HIV acquisition. BV and yeast may contribute more to the HIV epidemic than previously thought.

Infección genital por Chlamydia trachomatis y otros microorganismos en dos grupos de mujeres en Cartagena Frequency of genital infection with chlamydia trachomatis and other microorganisms in two groups of women in Cartagena, Colombia

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Alfonso Pulido

1992-02-01

Full Text Available Las enfermedades asociadas a la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y la vaginosis bacteriana son de importancia en la población sexual mente activa, por lo que amerita estudiarlas. Con la finalidad de conocer su frecuencia en Cartagena se estudiaron, entre 1988 y 1990, 431 mujeres que acudieron a la consulta ginecológica del Hospital Universitario de Cartagena o al Centro Venereológico de la misma ciudad (167 pacientes en el primero y 264 en el segundo; su edad promedio era 28 años. Utilizando el inmunoensayo enzimático en fase sólida (ELISA se buscó la C. trachomatis y se hallaron frecuencias de infección de 5.4 y 17.4% en el primero y el segundo grupos, respectivamente; tal diferencia fue significativa (p < 0.005. Mediante exámenes directos y cultivos se demostraron las siguientes frecuencias de infección en las pacientes de consulta ginecológica y en las del Centro Venereológico, en su orden: Gardenerella vaginalis en 33.5% y 39%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae en 0.6 y 2.3%, Trichomonas vaginalis en 5.4 y 4.5%, Candida spp. en 13.2 y 10.2%. No hubo entre estas tasas diferencias significativas. Se observó relación entre la positividad para C. trachomatis y las entidades usualmente asociadas con ella: en las pacientes del Centro Venereológico la frecuencia de cervicitis fue 39% en las infectadas por C. trachomatis y 11.5% en las no Infectadas (p < 0.01; en las de la consulta ginecológica hubo Enfermedad Pélvica inflamatoria en 4 de las 9 Infectadas (44.4% y en sólo 11 de las 158 no infectadas (7% (Prueba de Fisher p = 0.004. El uso de anticonceptivos orales tuvo asociación significativa (p < 0.01 con la infección por Chlamydia en las pacientes del Centro Venereológico pero no en las de la consulta ginecológica; en efecto: 28.8% de las mujeres del Centro que utilizaban estos anticonceptivos y ninguna de las que no recurran a ellos resultaron positivas para esta bacteria. Gardnerella vaginalis fue la bacteria más frecuentemente

BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID BACTERIAL ISOLATION AND SENSIBILITY IN HEALTH AND SICK DOGS La identificación bacteriana y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de líquido de lavado tracheobronchial de sanos y enfermos perros IDENTIFICAÇÃO BACTERIANA E SENSIBILIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DO FLUIDO DE LAVAGEM TRAQUEOBRÔNQUICA DE CÃES SADIOS E DOENTES

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Paula Cristina Basso

2009-09-01

ón bacteriana de las muestras y de pruebas de sensibilidad a los antibióticos por el método de difusión en agar. Las bacterias aisladas fueron: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas y Proteus mirabilis. Entre las muestras analizadas, 63% mostraron resistencia a diversos antibióticos. Se concluyó que la resistencia a la acción de los antibióticos está presente tanto en animales sanos como los enfermos, y que la ceftriaxona asociada con amoxicilina clavulánico y son eficaces contra las bacterias en el tracto respiratorio de perros.

Pesquisas sobre a utilização de antibióticos e a resistência aos antimicrobianos em animais de produção são realizadas em diversos países. No entanto, poucos estudos incluem os agentes bacterianos associados ao trato respiratório de animais de companhia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana no fluido do lavado traqueobrônquico de cães saudáveis e doentes. Utilizaram-se vinte animais, dez clinicamente saudáveis (Grupo 1 e dez com distúrbio respiratório (Grupo 2. A colheita do lavado traqueobrônquico foi realizada com tubo endotraqueal ou guiada com o auxílio de um endoscópio rígido. Efetuaram-se o cultivo e a identificação bacteriana das amostras e teste de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos pelo método de difusão em ágar. As bactérias isoladas foram: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas e Proteus mirabilis. Dentre as amostras analisadas, 63% demonstraram resistência bacteriana a diferentes antimicrobianos. Conclui-se que resistência à ação dos antibióticos está presente tanto nos animais sadios quanto nos doentes e que a ceftriaxona e a amoxicilina associada com ácido clavulânico s

Vigilancia de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, resistencia bacteriana y consumo de antibióticos en hospitales de alta complejidad, Colombia, 2011

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Andrea Patricia Villalobos

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Prevenir las infecciones adquiridas en los hospitales, en especial las causadas por microorganismos resistentes, es una prioridad. Por esta razón, Colombia inició la vigilancia nacional de estos eventos realizando una prueba piloto. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de las infecciones asociadas a dispositivos, resistencia bacteriana y consumo de antibióticos en instituciones con unidades de cuidados intensivos durante el 2011. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo en 10 instituciones de salud de Antioquia, Valle del Cauca y Bogotá. Se diseñaron protocolos de vigilancia para cada evento, implementados por profesionales de salud entrenados. Se diseñó una herramienta en línea para la notificación y análisis de tasas de infección, porcentajes de utilización de dispositivos y dosis diarias definidas de antibióticos. Mediante el software Whonet 5.6 se reportaron y analizaron los perfiles y fenotipos de resistencia bacteriana. Resultados. La infección del torrente sanguíneo fue la más frecuente (tasa mayor de 4,8 por 1.000 días-catéter, seguida de la neumonía asociada al respirador e infección urinaria asociada a catéter, con amplia variación entre instituciones. Se observó un mayor consumo de meropenem en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (dosis diarias definidas, 22,5 por 100 camas-día, resistencia elevada a carbapenémicos (>11,6 % y cefalosporinas de tercera generación (>25,6 % en enterobacterias en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y en otras áreas de hospitalización. El porcentaje de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina fue mayor en otras áreas de hospitalización (34,3 %. Conclusiones. Se trata de la primera aproximación integral a la problemática de estos eventos en Colombia. Es necesario implementar la vigilancia nacional que permita orientar acciones gubernamentales e institucionales para la prevención y control de infecciones, contenci

Use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum intimate liquid soap for external hygiene in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence after metronidazole oral treatment Uso do ácido láctico com lactoserum em sabonete líquido íntimo para higiene externa na prevenção da recorrência de vaginose bacteriana após tratamento oral com metronidazol

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M. Valeria Bahamondes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To determine the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV after the use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap starting immediately after the treatment with oral metronidazole and the quality of life of the participants. METHODS: A total of 123 women with diagnosis of BV with at least three of the following criteria: 1 homogeneous vaginal discharge without inflammation of the vagina or vulva; 2 vaginal pH ≥ 4.5; 3 positive Whiff test; and 4 "clue cells" in more than 20% of the epithelial cells in the vagina. A Nugent score ≥ 4 in the vaginal bacterioscopy was also used. After BV diagnosis, metronidazole 500 mg was administered orally bid during 7 days. Patients cured of BV were then instructed to use 7.5 to 10 mL of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap once-a-day for hygiene of the external genital region. Three subsequent control visits after starting the hygiene treatment (30, 60, and 90 days; ± 5 days were scheduled. A questionnaire was applied in the form of visual analogue scale (VAS in all the visits regarding: 1 level of comfort at the genital region; 2 malodorous external genitalia; 3 comfort in sexual intercourse; 4 satisfaction with intimate hygiene; and 5 self-esteem. RESULTS: Ninety two (74.8% women initiated the use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap at visit 1. At visit 2, 3, and 4 there were 84, 62 and 42 women available for evaluation, respectively. The rate of recurrence of BV was 19.0%, 24.2% and 7.1%, respectively in the three visits and vaginal candidiasis was observed in five treated women. Quality of life was evaluated in the 42 women who completed the four visits schedule and there were significant improvement in the five domains assessed. CONCLUSION: A lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap for external intimate hygiene may be an option for the prevention of BV recurrence after treatment and cure with oral metronidazoleOBJETIVO: Determinar a ocorrência de vaginose bacteriana (VB após o

Evolução do comportamento auditivo após meningite bacteriana: relato de caso Auditory behaviour monitoring after bacterial meningitis: case report

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Ida Lichtig

1997-06-01

Full Text Available A deficiência auditiva adquirida tem nas meningites bacterianas a sua principal etiologia e pouco tem-se dito a respeito da evolução para melhora ou piora do comportamento auditivo após a alta hospitalar. O presente estudo descreve o caso de um menino que teve meningite por Haemophilus influenzae aos 5 meses de vida e que entre outras complicações apresentou diminuição da acuidade auditiva detectada na evolução imediata, com melhora significativa posteriormente, confirmada por testes qualitativos e quantitativos. Discute-se a importância e a necessidade do seguimento fonoaudiológico de tais indivíduos para estabelecer orientação adequada.Bacterial meningitis is the main cause for acquired hearing loss. Nevertheless very little has been written about the development of the auditory behaviour either for improvement or for deterioration, after hospital release. The present study describes the case of a five month old boy with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Amongst various complications, a decrement in the auditory acuity was detected in the immediate evolution, with significant improvement later on by qualitative and quantitative tests.

Análise microbiológica da placa bacteriana da doença periodontal em cães e o efeito da antibioticoterapia sobre ela Microbiological analysis of bacterial plaque of periodontal disease on dogs and effects of antibioticotherapy on it

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Stella Alves da Fonseca

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se determinar a microbiota da placa bacteriana subgengival de cães com doença periodontal (DP e estabelecer o efeito da antibioticoterapia. Avaliaram-se 20 cães com graus variados de DP e coletaram-se amostras da placa bacteriana subgengival antes e após antibioticoterapia. Preconizou-se antibioticoterapia distinta em dois grupos, com 10 animais cada: clindamicina (G1 e metronidazol + espiramicina (G2. Observou-se crescimento bacteriano subgengival na maioria dos cães com DP e correlação entre a severidade da DP e a idade dos animais. Houve redução significativa no crescimento bacteriano após a antibioticoterapia e o antibiograma demonstrou maior sensibilidade à clindamicina, seguido da espiramicina; todos os microrganismos foram resistentes ao metronidazol.The objective was to determine microbiote of the subgingival bacterial plaque of dogs with periodontal disease (PD and establish the effect of antibioticotherapy on its reduction. Twenty dogs with varied stages of PD were evaluated and samples of their subgingival bacterial plaque were collected. Distinct antibiotic protocols were used in two groups with ten animals each: clindamycin (G1 and metronidazole + espiramycin (G2. New subgingival samples were collected 15 days after antibiotic therapy started. There were observed subgingival bacterial culture on most dogs with PD and correlation between severity of PD and age. There was reduction of bacterial growth in 20% of the samples after treatment and antibiogram showed higher sensibility to clindamycin, followed by espiramycin - all microorganisms were resistant to metronidazole.

Feeding and rearing behaviour in tsetse flies

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Otieno, L.H.; Youdeowei, Y.

1980-01-01

Batwing membrane was used to study salivation and feeding behaviour of tsetse flies. Probing and salivation were observed to be stimulated by tarsal contact with the membrane. Salivation and feeding responses varied from day to day with characteristic alternating high and low responses. The feeding process was invariably accompanied by a resting period. Attempts to rear G. morsitans artificially through the use of batwing membrane showed that the flies needed an initial adjustment period to in vitro maintenance. (author)

Nursing staff knowledge of multi-resistant bacterial infections Conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería referente a la resistencia bacteriana a múltiples drogas Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem referente à resistencia bacteriana a múltiplas drogas

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Josely Pinto de Moura

2007-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess professional nurses', associate degree prepared nurses', licensed practical nurses', and nursing assistants' knowledge of the causes of multi-resistant bacterial infections, the risks theses infections pose to health care providers, the chain of transmission of these infections, and patients' susceptibility to colonization of these multi-resistant bacterial infections. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in a major general hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample consisted of 42 nursing staff from a medical clinical unit. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and present the data. RESULTS: Nursing staff had unsatisfactory knowledge of the causes of multi-resistant bacterial infections, the chain of transmission of multi-resistant bacterial infections, and patients' susceptibility to colonization of multi-resistant bacterial infections. However, the majority of participants had some knowledge about the risks that multi-resistant bacterial infections posed to health care providers. CONCLUSION: Lack of knowledge among nursing staff compromise adherence to preventive measures and nursing management of multi-resistant bacterial infections.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento de los enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de un hospital general de Minas Gerais, en cuanto a las causas da multirresistencia bacteriana, los riesgos para el equipo de salud, el modo de transmisión y susceptibilidad de los pacientes a la colonización por bacterias resistentes a múltiples drogas. MÉTODOS: Realizado en la clínica médica, fueron entrevistados 42 profesionales de enfermería encontrados en la unidad. En este estudio de tipo cuantitativo se realizó un análisis descriptivo de sus datos, utilizándose la estadística descriptiva con base en el cálculo de porcentaje, los cuales fueron presentados en tablas. RESULTADOS: Los profesionales demostraron conocimiento restricto y limitado sobre la tem

Correlation between the neonatal EEG and the neurological examination in the first year of life in infants with bacterial meningitis Correlación entre el EEG neonatal y el examen neurológico en el primer año de vida en recién nacidos con meningitis bacteriana

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Adrián Poblano

2007-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG and its correlation with the neurological examination at age of 9 months in newborns with bacterial neonatal meningitis. METHOD: Twenty seven infants were studied with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF culture for bacteria. We used the worse EEG result during acute phase of meningitis, and performed neurologic follow-up after discharge from hospital. Background cerebral activity was classified as normal or mildly, moderately, or markedly abnormal. Neurologic examination outcomes was classified normal, mild abnormalities, moderate abnormalities and severe abnormalities. RESULTS: EEG performed in the neonatal period during acute bacterial meningitis predicts adverse outcome early at age of 9 months, and had a significant correlation with cephalic perimeter and active tone alterations. CONCLUSION: Neonatal EEG is useful for predicting abnormal outcomes, especially cephalic perimeter and active tone abnormalities at 9 months of age in infants with bacterial neonatal meningitis.OBJETIVO: Medir la contribución del electroencefalograma (EEG neonatal y su correlación con el examen neurológico a la edad de 9 meses en recién nacidos con meningitis neonatal bacteriana. MÉTODO: Se estudió a 27 neonatos con cultivos positivos de líquido cefalorraquídeo a bacterias. Se uso el peor resultado del EEG obtenido durante el periodo agudo de la meningitis. El seguimiento neurológico se efectuó tras el egreso hospitalario. La actividad de fondo del EEG se clasificó en normal y anormal leve, moderada y severa. El examen neurológico se clasificó en normal, y anormal leve moderado y severo. RESULTADOS: El EEG realizado durante el periodo neonatal durante la fase aguda de la meningitis bacteriana predice bien un resultado adverso a la edad de 9 meses, con correlaciones significativas con el perímetro cefálico y con las alteraciones del tono activo. CONCLUSION: El EEG neonatal es

The restoration of the vaginal microbiota after treatment for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole or probiotics.

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Ling, Zongxin; Liu, Xia; Chen, Weiguang; Luo, Yueqiu; Yuan, Li; Xia, Yaxian; Nelson, Karen E; Huang, Shaolei; Zhang, Shaoen; Wang, Yuezhu; Yuan, Jieli; Li, Lanjuan; Xiang, Charlie

2013-04-01

Whether or not treatment with antibiotics or probiotics for bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a change in the diversity of vaginal microbiota in women was investigated. One hundred fifteen women, consisting of 30 healthy subjects, 30 BV-positive control subjects, 30 subjects with BV treated with a 7-day metronidazole regimen, and 25 subjects with BV treated with a 10-day probiotics regimen, were analyzed to determine the efficacy and disparity of diversity and richness of vaginal microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing. Follow-up visits at days 5 and 30 showed a greater BV cure rate in the probiotics-treated subjects (88.0 and 96 %, respectively) compared to the metronidazole-treated subjects (83.3 and 70 %, respectively [p = 0.625 at day 5 and p = 0.013 at day 30]). Treatment with metronidazole reduced the taxa diversity and eradicated most of the BV-associated phylotypes, while probiotics only suppressed the overgrowth and re-established vaginal homeostasis gradually and steadily. Despite significant interindividual variation, the microbiota of the actively treated groups or participants constituted a unique profile. Along with the decrease in pathogenic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Atopobium, Prevotella, Megasphaera, Coriobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Mycoplasma, and Sneathia, a Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota was recovered. Acting as vaginal sentinels and biomarkers, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria determined the consistency of the BV clinical and microbiologic cure rates, as well as recurrent BV. Both 7-day intravaginal metronidazole and 10-day intravaginal probiotics have good efficacy against BV, while probiotics maintained normal vaginal microbiota longer due to effective and steady vaginal microbiota restoration, which provide new insights into BV treatment.

Co-occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis and vaginal shedding of HIV-1 RNA.

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Fastring, Danielle R; Amedee, Angela; Gatski, Megan; Clark, Rebecca A; Mena, Leandro A; Levison, Judy; Schmidt, Norine; Rice, Janet; Gustat, Jeanette; Kissinger, Patricia

2014-03-01

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are independently associated with increased risk of vaginal shedding in HIV-positive women. Because these 2 conditions commonly co-occur, this study was undertaken to examine the association between TV/BV co-occurrence and vaginal shedding of HIV-1 RNA. HIV-positive women attending outpatient HIV clinics in 3 urban US cities underwent a clinical examination; were screened for TV, BV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis; and completed a behavioral survey. Women shedding HIV-1 RNA vaginally (≥50 copies/mL) were compared with women who had an undetectable (women who were TV positive and BV positive or had co-occurrence of TV/BV had higher odds of shedding vaginally when compared with women who did not have these conditions. In this sample of 373 HIV-positive women, 43.1% (n = 161) had co-occurrence of TV/BV and 33.2% (n = 124) were shedding HIV-1 RNA vaginally. The odds of shedding HIV vaginally in the presence of TV alone or BV alone and when TV/BV co-occurred were 4.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-9.37), 5.65 (95% CI, 2.64-12.01), and 18.63 (95% CI, 6.71-51.72), respectively, when compared with women with no diagnosis of TV or BV, and after adjusting for age, antiretroviral therapy status, and plasma viral load. T. vaginalis and BV were independently and synergistically related to vaginal shedding of HIV-1 RNA. Screening and prompt treatment of these 2 conditions among HIV-positive women are important not only clinically but for HIV prevention, as well.

Efficacy and safety of oral tinidazole and metronidazole in treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized control trial

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Zahra Abbaspoor

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Aims: Oral metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for one week is currently the treatment of choice for bacterial vaginosis (BV. Complete treatment by this regimen takes time and occurs less often. This drug has significant side effects too. Using a drug in the shortest treatment course may increases the success of treatment. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral tinidazole compare to metronidazole in treatment of BV.Methods: In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, comparative, clinical trial, 110 non-pregnant women aged between 15-45 years with confirmed diagnosis of BV by Amsels criteria were randomly assigned to receive either 2 g tinidazole tablet once daily for 2 days (n=55 or 500 mg metronidazole table twice daily for 7 days (n=55.The cure and recurrence rate were evaluated in both groups after 2 and 4 weeks follow up visits. For statistical analysis t-test,   test, fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used.Results: The results showed that cure rate after 2 weeks in tinidazole tablet group was 84.6٪ and in metronidazole group was 85.4٪ (p=0.9, and after 4 weeks recurrence rate in tinidazole and metronidazole groups was 6.9٪and 12.1٪respectively (P=0.3.Conclusions: Tinidazole table 2 g once daily for 2 days is as effective as metronidazole tablet 500 mg twice a day for 7 days in treatment of BV.

Treatment of biofilms in bacterial vaginosis by an amphoteric tenside pessary-clinical study and microbiota analysis.

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Gottschick, Cornelia; Deng, Zhi-Luo; Vital, Marius; Masur, Clarissa; Abels, Christoph; Pieper, Dietmar H; Rohde, Manfred; Mendling, Werner; Wagner-Döbler, Irene

2017-09-13

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal syndrome among women in their reproductive years. It is associated with an increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections and complications like preterm labor. BV is characterized by a high recurrence rate for which biofilms frequently found on vaginal epithelial cells may be a reason. Here, we report a controlled randomized clinical trial that tested the safety and effectiveness of a newly developed pessary containing an amphoteric tenside (WO3191) to disrupt biofilms after metronidazole treatment of BV. Pessaries containing lactic acid were provided to the control group, and microbial community composition was determined via Illumina sequencing of the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The most common community state type (CST) in healthy women was characterized by Lactobacillus crispatus. In BV, diversity was high with communities dominated by either Lactobacillus iners, Prevotella bivia, Sneathia amnii, or Prevotella amnii. Women with BV and proven biofilms had an increased abundance of Sneathia sanguinegens and a decreased abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis. Following metronidazole treatment, clinical symptoms cleared, Nugent score shifted to Lactobacillus dominance, biofilms disappeared, and diversity (Shannon index) was reduced in most women. Most of the patients responding to therapy exhibited a L. iners CST. Treatment with WO 3191 reduced biofilms but did not prevent recurrence. Women with high diversity after antibiotic treatment were more likely to develop recurrence. Stabilizing the low diversity healthy flora by promoting growth of health-associated Lactobacillus sp. such as L. crispatus may be beneficial for long-term female health. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02687789.

Estudo da transmigração bacteriana na apendicite experimental em coelhos A study about bacterial transmigration in experimental Appendicitis in rabbits

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ECF RAMOS

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A queda extrínseca dos mecanismos de defesa de um hospedeiro é vista classicamente como uma infecção, que resulta na aquisição de um tecido normal, de um novo microorganismo, cuja virulência é fundamental para a sua patogenia.Na década de 50, estudos comprovaram que bactérias e endotoxinas podem ultrapassar a barreira intestinal e atingir a circulação, demonstrando ainda, que a flora intestinal representa uma importante fonte para o desenvolvimento da infecção sistêmica. Objetivo: o presente estudo visa avaliar a ocorrência de transmigração bacteriana em apendicite experimental induzida em coelhos, mediante a oclusão completa do apêndice vermiforme. Métodos: foram utilizados 24 coelhos brancos, da linhagem Nova Zelândia, com peso corporal variando de 2500 a 3000 gramas, sendo então divididos em 2 grupos. Os animais do Grupo I foram submetidos a laparotomia mediana e retirada de fragmentos do baço, rim esquerdo, pulmão direito, linfonodo abdominal, conteúdo da luz do apêndice vermiforme e sangue da veia porta para cultura. Os animais do Grupo II foram submetidos a laparotomia mediana e oclusão completa do apêndice vermiforme para a indução de apendicite e, após 24 horas, realizada a coleta do material nos moldes do Grupo I. Resultados: No Grupo controle (Grupo I, não se observou o crescimento de bactérias nas amostras analisadas. No Grupo experimento (Grupo II, observou-se o crescimento de Escherichia coli em todos os animais. Conclusão: Ocorreu transmigração bacteriana após 24 horas de observação em coelhos com apendicite experimental.The present study aims to evaluate the occurrence of the bacterial transmigration in induced ezxperimental appendicitis in rabbitis through complete oclusion of the vermiform appendix. 24 New Zealand white rabbits with a body weight ranging from 2500 to 3000 grams were used. They were divided into 2 groups. The animals from group I were submitted to a median

Predictive value of the composition of the vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis, a dynamic study to identify recurrence-related flora.

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Xiao, Bingbing; Niu, Xiaoxi; Han, Na; Wang, Ben; Du, Pengcheng; Na, Risu; Chen, Chen; Liao, Qinping

2016-06-02

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent disease in women, and increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. It has been given wide attention because of the high recurrence rate. Traditional diagnostic methods based on microscope providing limited information on the vaginal microbiota increase the difficulty in tracing the development of the disease in bacteria resistance condition. In this study, we used deep-sequencing technology to observe dynamic variation of the vaginal microbiota at three major time points during treatment, at D0 (before treatment), D7 (stop using the antibiotics) and D30 (the 30-day follow-up visit). Sixty-five patients with BV were enrolled (48 were cured and 17 were not cured), and their bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota was compared. Interestingly, we identified 9 patients might be recurrence. We also introduced a new measurement point of D7, although its microbiota were significantly inhabited by antibiotic and hard to be observed by traditional method. The vaginal microbiota in deep-sequencing-view present a strong correlation to the final outcome. Thus, coupled with detailed individual bioinformatics analysis and deep-sequencing technology, we may illustrate a more accurate map of vaginal microbial to BV patients, which provide a new opportunity to reduce the rate of recurrence of BV.

Complicações perinatais em gestantes com e sem vaginose bacteriana Perinatal complications in pregnant women with and without bacterial vaginosis

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José Antônio Simões

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos:comparar a freqüência de trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP, prematuridade, rotura prematura de membranas (RPM e RN de baixo peso (Purpose:to compare the incidence of preterm labor and birth, premature rupture of membranes (PROM and low birth-weight newborns (< 2,500 g between two groups of pregnant women (with or without BV. To verify the adequacy of including a regular prenatal BV investigation. Methods:a total of 217 women between 28 and 32 weeks of pregnancy (35 with BV and 182 without BV were studied. The diagnosis of BV was established according to Amsel's criteria. The data were analyzed by the chi² test, Fisher's test, Mann-Whitney test and the relative risk. Results:the incidence of preterm labor, preterm birth, PROM and low birth-weight was statistically higher in the group of women with BV than in the control group (29.4% vs. 3.8%; 28.6% vs. 3.3%; 22.9% vs. 10.4%; 20.0% vs. 3.3%; respectively. The means of gestational age and birth-weight were significantly lower in the newborns from mothers with BV (265.8 days vs. 279.9 days; 2,958 g vs. 3,294 g, respectively. Conclusion:all perinatal complications studied were significantly associated with the presence of untreated BV during pregnancy. Therefore, the diagnosis and adequate treatment should be included in the routine prenatal assistance at Brazilian Obstetrics Services. Such measure may be effective in the reduction of these perinatal complications.

Prevalencia de la resistencia bacteriana en flora bucal en niños de 4 a 8 años

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Carolina Verolo

Full Text Available Antecedentes: Esta investigación apunta a ser un aporte de interés para el estudio de la ecología microbiana de la cavidad bucal y al análisis de la importancia biológica del empleo de antimicrobianos. El uso de un antimicrobiano al mismo tiempo que actúa sobre el patógeno, puede modificar la composición de los gérmenes de la microflora normal. Métodos: Se siguió un procedimiento basado en un cuestionario y en la toma de muestras de la mucosa orofaríngea y/o yugal de niños de 4 a 8 años que concurrieron a la clínica de Odontopediatría de la Universidad de la República, durante los meses de julio-agosto y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: El 84,6% de los niños consumió antibiótico previo a la consulta. El 81,8% tomó Amoxicilina. El 89,4% lo consumió hacía más de 15 días. El 81,8% lo consumió por una semana o más. De las cepas analizadas, resultaron sensibles a Amoxicilina 62,5%, a Eritromicina 50%, a Clindamicina 92,5%. Del estudio de la CIM el 72,5% fue sensible a Penicilina. Conclusiones: En esta población de estudio no podemos objetivar que exista una correlación entre la resistencia bacteriana de S. mitis y el consumo de antibióticos.

Patrones de resistencia bacteriana en urocultivos en un hospital oncológico Antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from urine cultures at an oncological center

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Patricia Cornejo-Juárez

2007-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Describir los patrones de resistencia bacteriana en cultivos de orina en un hospital oncológico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron las cepas obtenidas de cultivos de orina de 1998 a 2005. Se obtuvo el porcentaje de sensibilidad para diferentes antibióticos, tras analizar por separado cepas nosocomiales y compararlas con las de la comunidad. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 9 232 cultivos positivos (20.7% de 44 447 muestras: gramnegativos, 78.8%; grampositivos, 13.8%; y levaduras, 7.4 por ciento. Escherichia coli fue el principal microorganismo identificado (41.3%; la resistencia en aislados nosocomiales fue mayor que en la comunidad para amikacina (92.4 y 97%, ceftazidima (83.1 y 95.1% y ciprofloxacina (46.2 y 58.6%. De igual manera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa presentó mayor resistencia para amikacina y ceftazidima en las cepas nosocomiales (55.7 y 66.6%; y 65.5 y 84.8%, respectivamente. Enterococcus resistente a vancomicina se encontró sólo en 2.5% (3/119 aislados de E. faecium. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una mayor resistencia bacteriana en las cepas de origen nosocomial en comparación con las cepas comunitarias. Se encontró un incremento progresivo de la resistencia para E. coli, el patógeno aislado con más frecuencia de infecciones nosocomiales y comunitarias. Es prioritario intensificar una campaña educativa para el control y uso racional de los antibióticos.OBJECTIVE: To describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of organisms isolated from urine cultures at a teaching oncological hospital for adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All strains obtained from urine cultures from 1998 to 2005 were included. Mean susceptibilities were obtained for each antimicrobial tested; nosocomial and community-acquired isolates were analyzed separately. RESULTS: A total of 9 232 positive urine cultures were obtained (20.7% from 44 447 samples taken. Gram negative bacteria were reported in 78.8%, Gram-positive in 13.8% and yeasts in 7

Predisposing factors for bacterial vaginosis, treatment efficacy and pregnancy outcome among term deliveries; results from a preterm delivery study

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Jakobsson Tell

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery but little is known about factors that could predict BV. We have analyzed if it is possible to identify a category of pregnant women that should be screened for BV, and if BV would alter the pregnancy outcome at term; we have also studied the treatment efficacy of clindamycin. Methods Prospective BV screening and treatment study of 9025 women in a geographically defined region in southeast Sweden. BV was defined as a modified Nugent score of 6 and above. Data was collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Women allocated to treatment were supplied with vaginal clindamycin cream. The main outcome goals were to identify factors that could predict BV. Results Vaginal smears were consistent with BV criteria in 9.3%. Logistic regression indicates a significant correlation between smoking and BV (p Conclusion BV is more than twice as common among smokers, and there is a higher prevalence in the younger age group. However these two markers for BV do not suffice as a tool for screening, and considering the lack of other risk factors associated with BV, screening of all pregnant women might be a strategy to follow in a program intended to reduce the number of preterm births.

The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health.

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Koumans, Emilia H; Sternberg, Maya; Bruce, Carol; McQuillan, Geraldine; Kendrick, Juliette; Sutton, Madeline; Markowitz, Lauri E

2007-11-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners (chi2 P <0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency (chi2 P for trend <0.001), low educational attainment (P <0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P <0.005). BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.

The influence of bacterial vaginosis on the response to Trichomonas vaginalis treatment among HIV-infected women.

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Gatski, Megan; Martin, David H; Levison, Judy; Mena, Leandro; Clark, Rebecca A; Murphy, Mary; Henderson, Harold; Schmidt, Norine; Kissinger, Patricia

2011-04-01

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is common in HIV+ women, and host factors may play a role in TV treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the response to TV treatment among HIV+ women. A secondary analysis was conducted of a clinical trial which randomised HIV+/TV+ women to metronidazole (MTZ) treatment: 2 g (single-dose) versus 7 day 500 mg twice daily (multidose). BV was classified using Nugent scores from baseline Gram stains. Women were recultured for TV at test-of-cure (TOC) and again at 3 months if TV-negative at TOC. Repeat TV infection rates were compared for women with a baseline TV/BV coinfection versus baseline TV infection only, and stratified by treatment arm. Among 244 HIV+/TV+ women (mean age=40.3, ±9.5; 92.2% African-American), the rate of BV was 66.8%. Women with BV were more likely to report douching and ≥1 recent sex partners. HIV+ women with baseline TV/BV coinfection were more likely to be TV-positive at TOC than women with baseline TV infection only (RR 2.42 (95% CI 0.96 to 6.07; p=0.05)). When stratified by treatment arm, the association was only found in the single-dose arm (p=0.02) and not in the multidose arm (p=0.92). This interaction did not persist at 3 months. For HIV+/TV+ women, the rate of BV was high, and BV was associated with early failure of the MTZ single-dose treatment for TV. Biological explanations require further investigation.

Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria in men: association of Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. with nongonococcal urethritis.

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Manhart, Lisa E; Khosropour, Christine M; Liu, Congzhu; Gillespie, Catherine W; Depner, Kevin; Fiedler, Tina; Marrazzo, Jeanne M; Fredricks, David N

2013-12-01

Approximately 45% of nongonococcal urethritis cases have no identified etiology. Novel bacteria recently associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women may be involved. We evaluated the association of idiopathic nongonococcal urethritis and 5 newly described BV-associated bacteria (BVAB). Heterosexual men 16 years or older attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Seattle, Washington, from May 2007 to July 2011 and negative for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum-biovar2 were eligible. Cases had urethral discharge or 5 or more polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field in urethral exudates. Controls had no urethral discharge and less than 5 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field. Urine was tested for Atopobium spp., BVAB-2, BVAB-3, Megasphaera spp., and Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. using quantitative taxon-directed polymerase chain reaction. Cases (n = 157) and controls (n = 102) were of similar age, education, and income, and most were white. Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. was significantly associated with urethritis (24/157 [15.3%] vs. 6/102 [5.9%], P = 0.03). BVAB-2 was more common in cases than in controls (7/157 [4.5%] vs. 1/102 [1.0%], P = 0.15), and BVAB-3 (n = 2) and Megasphaera spp. (n = 1) were only detected in men with urethritis, but these bacteria were found only in men who also had Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. Atopobium spp. was not associated with urethritis. The quantity of bacteria did not differ between cases and controls. Among treated cases, doxycycline was more effective than azithromycin for clinical cure of men with Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. (9/10 vs. 7/12, P = 0.16) and BVAB-2 (3/3 vs. 0/3, P = 0.10). Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. may be urethral pathogens or contribute to a pathogenic microbiota that can also include BVAB-2, BVAB-3, and Megasphaera spp. Doxycycline may be more effective than azithromycin against these newly identified

Efectividad del cepillo iónico basado en dióxido de titanio en comparación con el cepillo vitis junior en la eliminación de placa bacteriana en niños de 8 a 10 años del Colegio Weberbauer Schule

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Conte Pujalt, Giacomo; Olivares Espinoza, Jimmy

2011-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad del cepillo iónico basado en dióxido de titanio comparándolo con el cepillo Vitis Junior en la remoción de placa bacteriana en niños de 8 a 10 años del colegio Weberbauer Schule. Material y método. El estudio se realizó en un grupo de 30 niños, los cuales se comportaron como grupo control y experimental, ya que se trabajó con ellos en dos oportunidades diferentes. En la primera se realizó el cepillado con el cepillo Vitis Junior mediante la técnica...

Características de la saliva en niños con Síndrome de Down

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Alicia Leonor Pinzón-Te

2017-11-01

Full Text Available ANTECEDENTES: los niños con Síndrome de Down (SD generalmente tienen características morfogenéticas que los predisponen a patologías bucales; por lo tanto, el análisis de las características de la saliva constituye una herramienta diagnóstica de su estado de salud bucal. OBJETIVOS: a Comparar los valores promedio de pH salival y tasa de flujo salival (TFS, según género y edad. b Comparar los tipos de pH salival y TFS, según género y edad. c Determinar si existe correlación entre el pH salival y la TFS. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: en 100 pacientes con SD (M = 50, F = 50 de 0 a 18 años de edad pertenecientes a instituciones de educación especial de Yucatán. Se midió el pH salival mediante un pHmetro digital portátil ATS® y se determinó la TFS mediante la técnica de pesada de algodón Strongin, Hinsie y Peck. RESULTADOS: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tipos de pH por edad (X2 = 27.333; p <0.001 y en los valores promedio de la TFS por género (t = 2.125; p = 0.036. CONCLUSIÓN: los valores de pH salival y TFS deben ser considerados como indicadores de salud durante la consulta odontológica del paciente con SD.

Características de la saliva en niños con Síndrome de Down

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Alicia Leonor Pinzón-Te; Rubén López-Pérez; Félix Manuel Enríquez-Rivera; Fernando Javier Aguilar- Ayala; María Eduviges Rejón-Peraza; José Ladislao López-Osorio

2017-01-01

ANTECEDENTES: los niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) generalmente tienen características morfogenéticas que los predisponen a patologías bucales; por lo tanto, el análisis de las características de la saliva constituye una herramienta diagnóstica de su estado de salud bucal. OBJETIVOS: a) Comparar los valores promedio de pH salival y tasa de flujo salival (TFS), según género y edad. b) Comparar los tipos de pH salival y TFS, según género y edad. c) Determinar si existe correlación entre el ...

Relación placa bacteriana y caries en un grupo de niños escolarizados entre 5 y 14 años de la población de la Boquilla - Cartagena en el año 2004-1

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Lizelia Alfaro Zolá

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenObjetivo: Describir la ocurrencia de placa bacteriana en las superficies dentales y relacionarla con el tipo de lesión de caries que se presenta en niños escolares de 5 a 14 años de la Boquilla - Cartagena. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en el cual se seleccionó una muestra de 89 niños escolares de la población de la Boquilla a través de un muestreo aleatorio sistemático, a quienes se les evaluó el estado de higiene oral mediante el índice de placa comunitario de Corchuelo modificado y el índice de caries superficial con criterios de diagnóstico Ekstrand. Resultados: La superficie con lesiones de caries de mayor frecuencia fue la oclusal, presentándose un mayor numero de lesiones detenidas, seguido en palatino por las lesiones precavitacionales, a diferencia de las superficies vestibular y lingual donde se encontraron un mayor número de superficies sanas. En todas las superficies evaluadas predominó la presencia de placa bacteriana independientemente de la presencia de caries y no se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas dos variables. Conclusiones: La alta frecuencia de placa bacteriana en las superficies dentarias nos mostró el deficiente estado de higiene oral de la población, sin embargo, sigue en duda la pertinencia de los índices de placa para la predicción de la caries debido a que no se encontró relación estadística. (Duazary 2007; 2: 119 - 126AbstractObjectives: describe the presence of dental plaque in healthy in the dental surfaces and relate it with the type of lesion of caries in children between 5 and 14 years of age in the village of la Boquilla- Cartagena. Material and Methods: This is study transversal, in a universe of 89 scholar children in the village of la Boquilla, 60 of these were chosen through a systematic aleatory sampling. They were evaluated to establish their status of oral hygiene using the modified �

Vaginose bacteriana e DNA de papilomavírus humano de alto risco oncogênico em mulheres submetidas a conização com alça diatérmica para tratamento de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical de alto grau Bacterial vaginosis and high-risk HPV-DNA in women submitted to diathermic conization for the treatment of high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia

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Michelle Garcia Discacciati

2004-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação entre vaginose bacteriana (VB, DNA de papilomavírus humano (HPV de alto risco e anormalidades citopatológicas cervicais em mulheres submetidas a conização diatérmica devido a neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical de alto grau (NIC 2 ou 3. MÉTODOS: estudo clínico descritivo, no qual foram incluídas 81 mulheres submetidas a conização diatérmica devido a NIC 2 ou 3. A citologia (CO inicial foi colhida na época da realização da biópsia dos casos suspeitos e também foi utilizada para verificar a presença de VB. Antes da conização diatérmica foi coletado material para a detecção de DNA de HPV de alto risco, por meio da captura de híbridos II (CH II. Após a conização diatérmica foi agendado retorno em 4 meses, no qual eram realizadas novas coletas de CO e de CH II. Vinte e sete mulheres apresentaram VB e 54 não apresentaram esta alteração. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do cálculo dos odds ratios (OR para as relações entre a detecção do HPV e a presença de anormalidades citológicas com a presença de VB, antes e após a conização, considerando-se intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%. RESULTADOS: a detecção de DNA de HPV de alto risco antes da conização foi semelhante nos dois grupos (89%. Após a conização, esta detecção foi igual a 26 e 18%, respectivamente, nos grupos com e sem VB (OR=1,5 IC 95% 0,5 a 4,6. Ainda após a conização, 41% das pacientes com VB e 20% das sem VB apresentaram anormalidades citológicas (OR=2,7; IC 95% 1,0 a 7,4. Analisando-se exclusivamente as 22 mulheres com anormalidades citológicas em seus exames realizados aproximadamente quatro meses após a conização diatérmica, 83% daquelas com VB também apresentaram testes positivos para DNA de HPV, comparadas a 50% daquelas sem VB (OR=5,0; IC 95% 0,5 a 52,9. CONCLUSÃO: mulheres com VB apresentaram maior proporção de anormalidades citopatológicas depois da conização em rela

Association of viridans group streptococci from pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and upper genital tract infection.

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Rabe, L K; Winterscheid, K K; Hillier, S L

1988-06-01

The prevalence and role of viridans group streptococci in the female genital tract have not been well described. In this study of 482 pregnant women, 147 (30%) were culture positive for viridans group streptococci. Of 392 women with predominant Lactobacillus morphotypes by Gram stain (normal), 110 (28%) were colonized with viridans group streptococci, compared with 37 (41%) of 90 women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) (P = 0.02). To determine whether any species were associated with BV, 177 consecutively isolated viridans group streptococci from the vagina were identified to the species level by using the Facklam scheme. The most frequently isolated species from the vagina was Streptococcus intermedius (13%), followed by Streptococcus acidominimus (6%), Streptococcus constellatus (5%), Streptococcus sanguis II (4%), Streptococcus mitis (2%), Streptococcus salivarius (2%), Streptococcus morbillorum (2%), Streptococcus sanguis I (1%), Streptococcus mutans (0.2%), and Streptococcus uberis (0.2%) with an average of 1.2 species per woman. The distribution of the species among women with BV compared with normal women was not significantly different, with the exception of two species which were associated with BV: S. acidominimus (18% versus 3%, P less than 0.001) and S. morbillorum (6% versus 0.7%, P = 0.005). Amniotic fluid and placenta cultures yielded 54 isolates: S. sanguis II (13 isolates), S. acidominimus (9 isolates), S. intermedius (10 isolates), S. constellatus (3 isolates), S. mitis (4 isolates), S. sanguis I (4 isolates), S. morbillorum (5 isolates), S. mutans (2 isolates), S. uberis (1 isolate), mannitol-positive S. intermedius (1 isolate), and 2 isolates which were not classified. The distribution of species isolated from the upper genital tract was not a reflection of the distribution in the lower genital tract. Dextran-producing species of viridans group streptococci may have a greater pathogenic potential in the placenta than the non

Comparison of Lactobacillus crispatus isolates from Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiomes with isolates from microbiomes containing bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria

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Abdelmaksoud, Abdallah A.; Koparde, Vishal N.; Sheth, Nihar U.; Serrano, Myrna G.; Glascock, Abigail L.; Fettweis, Jennifer M.; Strauss, Jerome F.; Buck, Gregory A.

2016-01-01

Vaginal lactobacilli can inhibit colonization by and growth of other bacteria, thereby preventing development of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Amongst the lactobacilli, Lactobacillus crispatus appears to be particularly effective at inhibiting growth of BV-associated bacteria. Nonetheless, some women who are colonized with this species can still develop clinical BV. Therefore, we sought to determine whether strains of L. crispatus that colonize women with lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiomes are distinct from strains that colonize women who develop BV. The genomes of L. crispatus isolates from four women with lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiomes ( bacteria (>12 % 16S rRNA reads from bacterial taxa associated with BV) were sequenced and compared. Lactic acid production by the different strains was quantified. Phage induction in the strains was also analysed. There was considerable genetic diversity between strains, and several genes were exclusive to either the strains from Lactobacillus-dominated microbiomes or those containing BV-associated bacteria. Overall, strains from microbiomes dominated by lactobacilli did not differ from strains from microbiomes containing BV-associated bacteria with respect to lactic acid production. All of the strains contained multiple phage, but there was no clear distinction between the presence or absence of BV-associated bacteria with respect to phage-induced lysis. Genes found to be exclusive to the Lactobacillus-dominated versus BV-associated bacteria-containing microbiomes could play a role in the maintenance of vaginal health and the development of BV, respectively. PMID:26747455

Longitudinal analysis of vaginal microbiome dynamics in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis: recognition of the conversion process.

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Janet A Lambert

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV affects ∼ 30% of women of reproductive age, has a high rate of recurrence, and is associated with miscarriage, preterm birth, and increased risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. Little is known of the daily changes in the vaginal bacterial composition as it progresses from treatment to recurrence, or whether any of these might be useful in its prediction or an understanding of its causes. We used phylogenetic branch-inclusive quantitative PCR (PB-qPCR and Lactobacillus blocked/unblocked qPCR (Lb-qPCR to characterize longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiota in sequential vaginal self-swabs from five women with recurrent BV, from diagnosis through remission to recurrence. Both patients with acute BV samples dominated by G. vaginalis recurred during the study with similar profiles, whereas the three patients with acute BV samples dominated by other anaerobes did not recur or recurred to an intermediate Nugent score. L. iners dominated remission phases, with intermittent days of abnormal microbial profiles typically associated with menses. The exception was a newly discovered phenomenon, a sustained period of abnormal profiles, termed conversion, which preceded symptomatic acute BV. Species known to have antagonistic activity towards Lactobacillus were detected in pre-conversion samples, possibly contributing to the decline in Lactobacillus. Lb-qPCR scores define two categories of response in the initial post-treatment visit samples; scores 8 may predict delayed or no recurrence. Amsel criteria or Nugent scores did not have this potential predictive capability. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic potential of detecting conversion and poor Lb-qPCR scores at the post-treatment visit of recurrent BV patients.

The urinary microbiota of men and women and its changes in women during bacterial vaginosis and antibiotic treatment.

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Gottschick, Cornelia; Deng, Zhi-Luo; Vital, Marius; Masur, Clarissa; Abels, Christoph; Pieper, Dietmar H; Wagner-Döbler, Irene

2017-08-14

The urinary microbiota is similarly complex as the vaginal and penile microbiota, yet its role as a reservoir for pathogens and for recurrent polymicrobial biofilm diseases like bacterial vaginosis (BV) is not clear. Here, we analysed the urinary microbiota of healthy men and women and compared it with that of women during BV and after antibiotic treatment using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V1-V2 regions. Eight different community types, so called urotypes (UT), were identified in healthy humans, all of which were shared between men and women, except UT 7, dominated in relative abundance by Lactobacillus crispatus, which was found in healthy women only. Orally applied metronidazole significantly reduced Shannon diversity and the mean relative abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Sneathia amnii, while L. iners increased to levels twofold higher than those found in healthy women. Although individual urine microbial profiles strongly responded to the antibiotic, the healthy community could not be restored. The correlation between urinary and vaginal fluid microbiota was generally weak and depending on UT and BV status. It was highest in UT 1 in acute BV (59% of samples), but after metronidazole treatment, only 3 out of 35 women showed a significant correlation between their urinary and vaginal microbiota composition. Urethra and bladder thus harbor microbial communities distinct from the vagina. The high abundance of BV related species in the urine of both men and women suggests that urine may act as a reservoir of pathogens and contribute to recurrence. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02687789.

Pleomorphic adenoma on heterotopic salivary inclusion: case report and literature review

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Cristian Papuzinski Aguayo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La presencia de tejido salival fuera de las glándulas salivales se denomina heterotopía salival. Es poco frecuente, pero puede ser asiento de todo el espectro de patologías de las glándulas salivales. Se presenta un caso poco común de un adenoma pleomorfo en la región superior del cuello, desarrollado sobre una inclusión de tejido salival en un linfonodo, de manera independiente a las glándulas salivales. Se revisa la dificultad del diagnóstico diferencial dentro de las masas cervicales, su embriogénesis, manifestación clínica y tratamiento.

Etiologia e evolução das meningites bacterianas em centro de pediatria Etiology and evolution of bacterial meningitis in a pediatric center

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Roberta M.C. Romanelli

2002-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar a prevalência dos agentes etiológicos das meningites bacterianas em serviço de referência, no atendimento de doenças infecciosas para o estado de Minas Gerais, e verificar a resposta ao tratamento utilizado.Métodos: estudo descritivo em que foram incluídas todas as crianças com diagnóstico provável de meningite, admitidas na instituição no período de junho a novembro/99.Resultados: obteve-se 210 casos de meningite, sendo 111 casos de etiologia bacteriana (52,9%. Destes, 52 casos foram diagnósticos prováveis (por alteração do liquor rotina e 59 com diagnósticos de certeza (por cultura e/ou isolamento de antígeno. Os principais agentes isolados foram, em ordem decrescente, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis e S. pneumoniae. O tratamento inicial para a faixa etária de três meses a cinco anos foi ampicilina e cloranfenicol, sendo posteriormente restrito para penicilina em casos de meningococo e pneumococo, e para cloranfenicol nos casos de H. influenzae. A mudança para antimicrobiano de maior espectro foi realizada com base em dados clínicos ou laboratoriais, não havendo isolamento de microorganismo resistente.Conclusões: o acompanhamento do perfil epidemiológico das meningites deve ser contínuo, e cada serviço deve se basear em dados locais para direcionar a terapia antimicrobiana. A monitorização contínua dos agentes prevalentes em cada instituição e de sua resistência é fundamental para a escolha antimicrobiana, atuando com menor interferência na colonização individual, sem contribuir para a crescente resistência dos agentes responsáveis pelas infecções meníngeas.Objective: to establish the prevalence of the etiological agents of bacterial meningitis in a reference center for the treatment of infectious diseases in the state of Minas Gerais. Methods: descriptive study including all children with probable diagnosis of meningitis between June/1999 and November/1999.Results: there were 210

Characterization of the vaginal microbiota among sexual risk behavior groups of women with bacterial vaginosis.

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Muzny, Christina A; Sunesara, Imran R; Kumar, Ranjit; Mena, Leandro A; Griswold, Michael E; Martin, David H; Lefkowitz, Elliot J; Schwebke, Jane R; Swiatlo, Edwin

2013-01-01

The pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) remains elusive. BV may be more common among women who have sex with women (WSW). The objective of this study was to use 454 pyrosequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of WSW, women who have sex with women and men (WSWM), and women who have sex with men (WSM) with BV to determine if there are differences in organism composition between groups that may inform new hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of BV. Vaginal swab specimens from eligible women with BV at the Mississippi State Department of Health STD Clinic were used. After DNA extraction, 454 pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences was performed. Sequence data was classified using the Ribosomal Database Program classifer. Complete linkage clustering analysis was performed to compare bacterial community composition among samples. Differences in operational taxonomic units with an abundance of ≥ 2% between risk behavior groups were determined. Alpha and beta diversity were measured using Shannon's Index implemented in QIIME and Unifrac analysis, respectively. 33 WSW, 35 WSWM, and 44 WSM were included. The vaginal bacterial communities of all women clustered into four taxonomic groups with the dominant taxonomic group in each being Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, and Sneathia. Regarding differences in organism composition between risk behavior groups, the abundance of Atopobium (relative ratio (RR)=0.24; 95%CI 0.11-0.54) and Parvimonas (RR=0.33; 95%CI 0.11-0.93) were significantly lower in WSW than WSM, the abundance of Prevotella was significantly higher in WSW than WSWM (RR=1.77; 95%CI 1.10-2.86), and the abundance of Atopobium (RR=0.41; 95%CI 0.18-0.88) was significantly lower in WSWM than WSM. Overall, WSM had the highest diversity of bacterial taxa. The microbiology of BV among women in different risk behavior groups is heterogeneous. WSM in this study had the highest diversity of bacterial taxa. Additional studies are

Characterization of the vaginal microbiota among sexual risk behavior groups of women with bacterial vaginosis.

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Christina A Muzny

Full Text Available The pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV remains elusive. BV may be more common among women who have sex with women (WSW. The objective of this study was to use 454 pyrosequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of WSW, women who have sex with women and men (WSWM, and women who have sex with men (WSM with BV to determine if there are differences in organism composition between groups that may inform new hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of BV.Vaginal swab specimens from eligible women with BV at the Mississippi State Department of Health STD Clinic were used. After DNA extraction, 454 pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences was performed. Sequence data was classified using the Ribosomal Database Program classifer. Complete linkage clustering analysis was performed to compare bacterial community composition among samples. Differences in operational taxonomic units with an abundance of ≥ 2% between risk behavior groups were determined. Alpha and beta diversity were measured using Shannon's Index implemented in QIIME and Unifrac analysis, respectively.33 WSW, 35 WSWM, and 44 WSM were included. The vaginal bacterial communities of all women clustered into four taxonomic groups with the dominant taxonomic group in each being Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, and Sneathia. Regarding differences in organism composition between risk behavior groups, the abundance of Atopobium (relative ratio (RR=0.24; 95%CI 0.11-0.54 and Parvimonas (RR=0.33; 95%CI 0.11-0.93 were significantly lower in WSW than WSM, the abundance of Prevotella was significantly higher in WSW than WSWM (RR=1.77; 95%CI 1.10-2.86, and the abundance of Atopobium (RR=0.41; 95%CI 0.18-0.88 was significantly lower in WSWM than WSM. Overall, WSM had the highest diversity of bacterial taxa.The microbiology of BV among women in different risk behavior groups is heterogeneous. WSM in this study had the highest diversity of bacterial taxa. Additional studies

Cervicovaginal cytokines, sialidase activity and bacterial load in reproductive-aged women with intermediate vaginal flora.

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Santos-Greatti, Mariana Morena de Vieira; da Silva, Márcia Guimarães; Ferreira, Carolina Sanitá Tafner; Marconi, Camila

2016-11-01

Studies have shown that not only bacterial vaginosis, but also intermediate vaginal flora has deleterious effects for women's reproductive health. However, literature still lacks information about microbiological and immunological aspects of intermediate flora. To characterize intermediate flora regarding levels of Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, sialidase; loads of Gardnerella vaginalis, total bacteria and to verify whether it is closer related to normal flora or bacterial vaginosis. This cross-sectional study enrolled 526 non-pregnant reproductive-aged women distributed in 3 groups according to pattern of vaginal flora using Nugent's system in normal, intermediate and bacterial vaginosis. Cervicovaginal levels of cytokines, sialidases, loads of G. vaginalis and total bacteria were assessed by ELISA, conversion of MUAN and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. A principal component analysis(PCA) using all measured parameters was performed to compare the three different types of flora. Results showed that intermediate flora is associated with increased cervicovaginal IL-1beta in relation to normal flora(Pbacterial vaginosis, intermediate flora has higher IL-8 and IL-10 levels(Pbacterial vaginosis(Pbacterial differed among all groups(Pbacterial vaginosis. PCA showed that normal and intermediate flora were closely scattered, while bacterial vaginosis were grouped separately. Although intermediate flora shows some differences in cytokines, sialidases and bacterial loads in relation to normal flora and bacterial vaginosis, when taken together, general microbiological and immunological pattern pattern of intermediate flora resembles the normal flora. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bacteriana en el suelo en ecosistemas oligotróficos: una revisión crítica

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Yunuen Tapia Torres

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El fósforo (P es un elemento esencial para la vida, por lo cual entender los mecanismos que permiten su disponibilidad en el suelo es prioritario. Debido a la complejidad de la dinámica de este nutriente, aún existen varios procesos que no están claramente entendidos, principalmente en los ecosistemas oligotróficos. En la presente revisión se analiza literatura relacionada con procesos involucrados en la disponibilidad del P, dándole énfasis al papel de las bacterias. La forma química disponible del P es el ortofosfato, pero por su alta reactividad y demanda de la biota, esta forma es rápidamente disminuida de la solución del suelo. Por lo que es necesario que la biota adquiera este elemento de otras formas químicas. Entre ellas, las formas orgánicas representan la principal fuente de este nutriente mediante la mineralización bioquímica producto principalmente de la comunidad bacteriana del suelo. Entre los compuestos organofosforados, los ésteres de fosfatos son los más fáciles de mineralizar, por la poca demanda energética en la producción de las enzimas involucradas en dicho proceso. Por otro lado, la mineralización de los fosfonatos puede representar una fuente alternativa de P disponible, a pesar de que se había considerado que esta forma química no era accesible por la complejidad de sus moléculas. En general, una estrategia exitosa para la adquisición de P en ecosistemas donde dicho elemento es limitado, depende de la presencia de una maquinaria genética capaz de sintetizar las diferentes enzimas que mineralizan compuestos orgánicos con demandas energéticas diferentes (fosfohidrolasas, fosfonatasas y C-P liasas, además de la presencia de transportadores específicos de membrana y la disponibilidad de C como fuente de energía. Aún faltan estudios integrados que permitan elucidar el movimiento del P en los ecosistemas y cómo esto puede ser controlado y llevado a cabo por las bacterias que habitan en el suelo.

Polymicrobial Gardnerella biofilm resists repeated intravaginal antiseptic treatment in a subset of women with bacterial vaginosis: a preliminary report.

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Swidsinski, Alexander; Loening-Baucke, Vera; Swidsinski, Sonja; Verstraelen, Hans

2015-03-01

Bacterial vaginosis is a recalcitrant polymicrobial biofilm infection that often resists standard antibiotic treatment. We therefore considered repeated treatment with octenidine, a local antiseptic that has previously been shown to be highly effective in several biofilm-associated infections. Twenty-four patients with recurrent BV were treated with a 7-day course of octenidine (octenidine dihydrochloride spray application with the commercial product Octenisept). In case of treatment failure or relapse within 6 months, patients were re-treated with a 28-day course of octenidine. In case of recurrence within 6 months after the second treatment course, patients were treated again with a 28-day course followed by weekly applications for 2 months. Treatment effect was evaluated by assessment of the presence of the biofilm on voided vaginal epithelial cells through fluorescence in situ hybridisation. The initial cure rate following a 7-day course of octenidine was as high as 87.5%. The 6-month relapse rate was, however, as high as 66.6%. Repeated treatment for 28 days led to an overall cure rate of 75.0%; however, it was also associated with emergence of complete resistance to octenidine in a subset of women. The overall cure rate after three treatment courses with 1-year follow-up was 62.5 %, with 37.5 % of the patients showing complete resistance to octenidine. Our preliminary results showed that octenidine dihydrochloride was initially highly effective, but the efficacy of repeated and prolonged treatment dropped quickly as challenge with the antiseptic rapidly led to bacterial resistance in a considerable subset of women.

A comparison of the efficacy of metronidazole vaginal gel and Myrtus (Myrtus communis extract combination and metronidazole vaginal gel alone in the treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis

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Mansoure Masoudi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: Due to the high incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV and its resistance to chemical medications and considering the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects of Myrtus communis, the present study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the vaginal gel of M. communis 2% (in metronidazole base with metronidazole vaginal gel 0.75% alone on BV.Materials and Methods: This research was a random­ized controlled clinical trial conducted on 80 women of 18-40 years old with BV. Patients were divided into two groups of 40 women. Diagnostic criteria were Amsel's criteria and Gram staining. The first group received vaginal gel of metronidazole plus M. communis 2% and the second group received metronidazole vaginal gel alone for five consecutive nights. Therapeutic effects and Amsel’s criteria were assessed after one week. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using t-test and Chi square tests.Results: There was a significant difference in the therapeutic response between the two groups. The results demonstrated that the combination of metronidazole and M. communis had a higher efficiency (p

Dynamics of Vaginal Bacterial Communities in Women Developing Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis, or No Infection, Analyzed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Real-Time PCR▿

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Vitali, Beatrice; Pugliese, Ciro; Biagi, Elena; Candela, Marco; Turroni, Silvia; Bellen, Gert; Donders, Gilbert G. G.; Brigidi, Patrizia

2007-01-01

The microbial flora of the vagina plays a major role in preventing genital infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis (CA). An integrated approach based on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR was used to study the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in vaginal fluids of healthy women and patients developing BV and CA. Universal eubacterial primers and Lactobacillus genus-specific primers, both targeted at 16S rRNA genes, were used in DGGE and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. The DGGE profiles revealed that the vaginal flora was dominated by Lactobacillus species under healthy conditions, whereas several potentially pathogenic bacteria were present in the flora of women with BV. Lactobacilli were the predominant bacterial population in the vagina for patients affected by CA, but changes in the composition of Lactobacillus species were observed. Real-time PCR analysis allowed the quantitative estimation of variations in lactobacilli associated with BV and CA diseases. A statistically significant decrease in the relative abundance of lactobacilli was found in vaginal fluids of patients with BV compared to the relative abundance of lactobacilli in the vaginal fluids of healthy women and patients with CA. PMID:17644631

Dynamics of vaginal bacterial communities in women developing bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or no infection, analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR.

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Vitali, Beatrice; Pugliese, Ciro; Biagi, Elena; Candela, Marco; Turroni, Silvia; Bellen, Gert; Donders, Gilbert G G; Brigidi, Patrizia

2007-09-01

The microbial flora of the vagina plays a major role in preventing genital infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis (CA). An integrated approach based on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR was used to study the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in vaginal fluids of healthy women and patients developing BV and CA. Universal eubacterial primers and Lactobacillus genus-specific primers, both targeted at 16S rRNA genes, were used in DGGE and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. The DGGE profiles revealed that the vaginal flora was dominated by Lactobacillus species under healthy conditions, whereas several potentially pathogenic bacteria were present in the flora of women with BV. Lactobacilli were the predominant bacterial population in the vagina for patients affected by CA, but changes in the composition of Lactobacillus species were observed. Real-time PCR analysis allowed the quantitative estimation of variations in lactobacilli associated with BV and CA diseases. A statistically significant decrease in the relative abundance of lactobacilli was found in vaginal fluids of patients with BV compared to the relative abundance of lactobacilli in the vaginal fluids of healthy women and patients with CA.

Aderência bacteriana in vitro a lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone In vitro bacterial adherence to silicone and polymetylmethacrylate intraocular lenses

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Claudete Inês Locatelli

2004-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Verificar a aderência bacteriana a lentes intra-oculares de silicone e de polimetilmetacrilato como possível fator de risco no desenvolvimento de endoftalmite pós-operatória, utilizando-se um modelo in vitro com três microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos. MÉTODOS: As análises foram realizadas com cepas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis (amostra clínica e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 incluindo a determinação de curvas de crescimento, testes para verificação de produção de cápsula, avaliação da hidrofobicidade, testes de aderência a diferentes materiais, microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia de força atômica. RESULTADOS: A produção de cápsula e a aderência das três diferentes cepas não mostraram qualquer relação com a quantidade de microrganismos; em relação às lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na aderência de S. aureus e S. epidermidis; P. aeruginosa foi o microrganismo mais aderente a ambos os materiais. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmou estes achados em relação à aderência, ao peso que a microscopia de força atômica evidenciou a produção de biofilme pelas cepas de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se, in vitro, que os materiais analisados não diferiram com relação à taxa de aderência bacteriana, porém, P. aeruginosa apresentou maior eficiência de adesão entre as bactérias testadas. Todas as cepas produziram biofilme. Silicone foi o material mais hidrofóbico, quando comparado ao polimetilmetacrilato.PURPOSE: To evaluate bacterial adherence to silicone and polymetylmethacrylate (PMMA intraocular lenses as a risk factor for postsurgery endophthalmitis by using an in vitro model with three potentially pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS: In vitro experiments were carried out with the

Antibioticoterapia ambulatorial como fator de indução da resistência bacteriana: uma abordagem racional para as infecções de vias aéreas Outpatient antibiotic therapy as a predisposing factor for bacterial resistance: a rational approach to airway infections

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Cristiana M. Nascimento-Carvalho

2006-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Apresentar as recomendações baseadas em evidência para uso de antibióticos no tratamento das infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA mais freqüentes e as informações disponíveis sobre a importância desse tipo de conduta. FONTES DOS DADOS: Bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, publicações técnicas de organizações internacionais, diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Foram utilizados os unitermos acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, antibiotic, guidelines, bacterial resistance. Artigos citados pelos artigos incluídos foram analisados quanto à apresentação de informação de interesse. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A resistência bacteriana tem crescido, sendo atualmente reconhecida como problema mundial de saúde pública. As IRA são a causa mais freqüente para uso de antibiótico na comunidade; grande parte desses casos, tanto nas vias aéreas superiores (otite, sinusite, faringoamidalite como nas inferiores (pneumonia, são decorrente de infecção viral. As recomendações para racionalizar o uso de antibióticos nos pacientes com IRA têm como objetivo comum minimizar o uso desnecessário de antibióticos, visto que a "pressão antibiótica" é um dos fatores desencadeantes da resistência bacteriana. CONCLUSÕES: É de grande importância a distinção, entre os pacientes com IRA, daqueles que podem se beneficiar do uso de antibióticos. O uso das recomendações para a prescrição de antibióticos é uma estratégia para minimizar a freqüência de resistência bacteriana.OBJECTIVES: To present evidence-based recommendations for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of the most common acute respiratory infections (ARI and the available information on the importance of this type of management. SOURCES: MEDLINE and LILACS databases, technical publications by international organizations, national and international directives. The search terms acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis

Control of tomato bacterial wilt through the incorporation of aerial part of pigeon pea and crotalaria to soil Controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro pela incorporação da parte aérea de guandu e crotalária no solo

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Suane C. Cardoso

2006-03-01

Full Text Available The use of organic matter that improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties has been studied as an inducer of suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sources and concentrations of organic matter on tomato bacterial wilt control. Two commercially available organic composts and freshly cut aerial parts of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea were incorporated, in concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 % (v/v, into soil infested with Ralstonia solanacearum. The soil with the fresh organic matter of pigeon pea and crotalaria was incubated for 30 and 60 days before planting. Tomato seedlings of cv. Santa Clara were transplanted into polyethylene bags with 3 kg of the planting substrate (infested soil + organic matter. The wilting symptoms and percentage of flowering plants were evaluated for 45 days. All evaluated concentrations with incorporation and incubation for 30 days of aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria controlled 100% tomato bacterial wilt. With 60 days of incubation, only the 10 % concentration of pigeon pea and crotalaria did not control the disease. These results suggest that soil incorporation of fresh aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria is an effective method for bacterial wilt control.A utilização de materiais orgânicos que melhoram as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo vem sendo estudada como indutora de supressividade a fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes e concentrações de matéria orgânica no controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro. Foram avaliados dois compostos orgânicos comerciais e a matéria fresca cortada da parte aérea de guandu (Cajanus cajan e de crotalária (Crotalaria juncea, nas concentrações 10, 20 e 30 % (v/v, incorporados no solo infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum. O solo que recebeu a parte

Combined oral and topical antimicrobial therapy for male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis: Acceptability, tolerability and impact on the genital microbiota of couples - A pilot study.

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Plummer, Erica L; Vodstrcil, Lenka A; Danielewski, Jennifer A; Murray, Gerald L; Fairley, Christopher K; Garland, Suzanne M; Hocking, Jane S; Tabrizi, Sepehr N; Bradshaw, Catriona S

2018-01-01

Recurrence following recommended treatment for bacterial vaginosis is unacceptably high. While the pathogenesis of recurrence is not well understood, recent evidence indicates re-infection from sexual partners is likely to play a role. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and tolerability of topical and oral antimicrobial therapy in male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), and to investigate the impact of dual-partner treatment on the vaginal and penile microbiota. Women with symptomatic BV (Nugent Score of 4-10 and ≥3 Amsel criteria) and their regular male sexual partner were recruited from Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Women received oral metronidazole 400mg twice daily (or intra-vaginal 2% clindamycin cream, if contraindicated) for 7-days. Male partners received oral metronidazole 400mg twice daily and 2% clindamycin cream topically to the penile skin twice daily for 7-days. Couples provided self-collected genital specimens and completed questionnaires at enrolment and then weekly for 4-weeks. Genital microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in genital microbiota composition were assessed by Bray-Curtis index. Bacterial diversity was measured by the Shannon Diversity Index. Twenty-two couples were recruited. Sixteen couples (76%) completed all study procedures. Adherence was high; most participants took >90% of prescribed medication. Medication, and particularly topical clindamycin in males, was well tolerated. Dual-partner treatment had an immediate and sustained effect on the composition of vaginal microbiota (median Bray-Curtis score day 0 versus day 8 = 0.03 [IQR 0-0.15], day 0 vs day 28 = 0.03 [0.02-0.11]). We observed a reduction in bacterial diversity of the vaginal microbiota and a decrease in the prevalence and abundance of BV-associated bacteria following treatment. Treatment had an immediate effect on the composition of the cutaneous penile microbiota (median

Combined oral and topical antimicrobial therapy for male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis: Acceptability, tolerability and impact on the genital microbiota of couples - A pilot study.

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Erica L Plummer

Full Text Available Recurrence following recommended treatment for bacterial vaginosis is unacceptably high. While the pathogenesis of recurrence is not well understood, recent evidence indicates re-infection from sexual partners is likely to play a role. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and tolerability of topical and oral antimicrobial therapy in male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV, and to investigate the impact of dual-partner treatment on the vaginal and penile microbiota.Women with symptomatic BV (Nugent Score of 4-10 and ≥3 Amsel criteria and their regular male sexual partner were recruited from Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Women received oral metronidazole 400mg twice daily (or intra-vaginal 2% clindamycin cream, if contraindicated for 7-days. Male partners received oral metronidazole 400mg twice daily and 2% clindamycin cream topically to the penile skin twice daily for 7-days. Couples provided self-collected genital specimens and completed questionnaires at enrolment and then weekly for 4-weeks. Genital microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in genital microbiota composition were assessed by Bray-Curtis index. Bacterial diversity was measured by the Shannon Diversity Index.Twenty-two couples were recruited. Sixteen couples (76% completed all study procedures. Adherence was high; most participants took >90% of prescribed medication. Medication, and particularly topical clindamycin in males, was well tolerated. Dual-partner treatment had an immediate and sustained effect on the composition of vaginal microbiota (median Bray-Curtis score day 0 versus day 8 = 0.03 [IQR 0-0.15], day 0 vs day 28 = 0.03 [0.02-0.11]. We observed a reduction in bacterial diversity of the vaginal microbiota and a decrease in the prevalence and abundance of BV-associated bacteria following treatment. Treatment had an immediate effect on the composition of the cutaneous penile

Inoculação de suspensão bacteriana de Plesiomonas shigelloides em Jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei: Pimelodidae Inoculation of bacterial suspension of Plesiomonas shigelloides in jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei: Pimelodidae

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Cheila de Lima Boijink

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Com o crescimento da aqüicultura mundial e intensificação da criação de peixes, os animais ficam sujeitos às enfermidades bacterianas e outras. Com o objetivo de avaliar a patogenicidade da Plesiomonas shigelloides para jundiás (Rhamdia quelen, diferentes concentrações bacterianas (3 x 10(8 e 9 x 10(8 UFC - Unidade Formadora de Colônia/ml foram inoculadas por via intraperitoneal. Foram utilizados 84 jundiás juvenis com peso e comprimento médios de 24,37 ± 4,28g e 14,42 ± 1,62cm, respectivamente. Os animais inoculados foram mantidos durante 21 dias, em caixas d'agua de amianto, em condições semelhantes de temperatura, pH, alcalinidade e dureza. Os jundiás foram sacrificados a cada dois dias para contagem de UFC/ml de tecido renal. Por observações diárias, constatou-se que a inoculação intraperitoneal de Plesiomonas shigelloides não ocasionou nenhuma alteração nos jundiás, independente da concentração inoculada. As contagens das bactérias nos rins dos jundiás mantiveram-se entre 10(5 e 10(6UFC/ml até o 21º dia, quando o experimento foi finalizado.As worldwide aquaculture has grown, and intensification in fish raising, the animals are subject to bacterial diseases and others. With the aim of evaluating pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides for "jundiá" (Rhamdia quelen, different bacterial concentrations (3 x 10(8 e 9 x 10(8 CFU - Colony Former Unit/ml were inoculated via peritoneum. Eigthy four juvenile "jundiá" averaging 24.37 ± 4,28g of weight and 14.42 ± 1,62cm of length were utilized. The inoculated animals were maintained for 21 days, in asbestos water tanks, at similar temperature, pH, alkalinity and hardness conditions. The "jundiás" were slaughtered every other day for counting UFC/ml renal tissue. For daily inspections, it was observed that intraperitoneal inoculation of Plesiomonas shigelloides did not cause any change in the catfishes, regardless inoculated concentration. Bacteria counting in

Women view key sexual behaviours as the trigger for the onset and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis.

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Jade E Bilardi

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV affects a third of women of reproductive age in the US and there is increasing evidence to suggest it may be sexually transmitted. This study aimed to extend and validate the findings of our earlier smaller qualitative study by exploring in detail women's views and experiences of the triggering factors associated with BV onset and recurrence.Women aged 20-49, who had experienced one or more symptomatic episode of BV within 6 months, were opportunistically recruited to complete a 38-item questionnaire on their experience of BV.103 women completed the questionnaire. Women were significantly more likely to report sexual than lifestyle factors triggered BV onset and recurrence (p<0.001. The top 3 factors women attributed to both BV onset and recurrence were identical-and all sexual. They included, in order: 1 unprotected sex; 2 sex with a new male partner; and 3 sex in general. The main lifestyle factors nominated included stress, diet, menstruation and the use of feminine hygiene products. While many women felt their BV had been transmitted through sexual contact (54% and developed as a result of sexual activity (59%, few considered BV a sexually transmitted infection (STI (10%. Despite this 57% felt partners should also be treated for BV.These data concur with our earlier qualitative findings that women believe BV is triggered by sexual activity. While many women felt BV was sexually transmitted and supported partner treatment, they did not consider BV an STI. This contradiction is likely due to information conveyed to women based on current guidelines. In the absence of highly effective BV treatments, this study highlights the need for guidelines to indicate there is scientific uncertainty around the pathogenesis of BV and to contain clear health messages regarding the evidence for practices shown to be associated with a reduced risk of BV (i.e. consistent condom use.

Impact of antiseptics on Chlamydia trachomatis growth.

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Párducz, L; Eszik, I; Wagner, G; Burián, K; Endrész, V; Virok, D P

2016-10-01

Bacterial vaginosis is a frequent dysbiosis, where the normal lactobacillus-dominated flora is replaced by an anaerob/aerob polymicrobial flora. Bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STI) including the most frequent Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Intravaginal antiseptics are part of the bacterial vaginosis treatment, and ideally they should also inhibit the bacterial vaginosis-related STI. Therefore, we tested the antichlamydial activity of four antiseptics: iodine aqueous solution, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine and borax. First, we measured the impact of antiseptics on the viability of the HeLa cervical epithelial cells, and calculated the maximum nontoxic concentrations. Next, we infected the cells with C. trachomatis preincubated for 1 h with the particular antiseptic. The chlamydial growth was measured by direct quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the infected cells. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine were 3·91 and 97 μg ml(-1) respectively; however, the MIC of chlorhexidine was close to its maximum nontoxic concentration. The iodine aqueous solution and the borax showed no antichlamydial activity. Our in vitro studies showed that chlorhexidine and particularly povidone-iodine are potentially able to limit the bacterial vaginosis-related C. trachomatis infection. We measured the antichlamydial effects of various antiseptics. These antiseptics are being used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but their effect on the bacterial vaginosis-related sexually transmitted infections, particularly the most frequent Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infections has not been investigated. We showed that povidone-iodine (Betadine) inhibited the chlamydial growth in concentrations that was not toxic to the epithelial cells. We concluded that due to its additional antichlamydial effect, povidone-iodine could be a preferable antiseptic in bacterial vaginosis treatment. �

Recent Applications of Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Diagnosis of Vaginal Infections

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Zeev Karpas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Vaginal infections (vaginosis globally affect more than 15% of the female population of reproductive age. However, diagnosis of vaginosis and differentiating between the three common types: bacterial vaginosis (BV, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC, and trichomoniasis are challenging. Elevated levels of the biogenic amines, trimethylamine (TMA, putrescine, and cadaverine have been found in vaginal discharge fluid of women with vaginosis. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS is particularly suitable for measurement of amines even in complex biological matrices due to their high proton affinity and has been shown to be suitable for the diagnosis of vaginal infections. Recent developments that have increased the accuracy of the technique for diagnosis of BV and simplified sample introduction are described here.

High rates of bacterial vaginosis and Chlamydia in a low-income, high-population-density community in Cape Town

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Katie S. Lennard

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Young South African women, from resource-poor communities, face several sexual and reproductive health challenges. Here we describe the vaginal microbiota and sexually transmitted infection (STI prevalence of 102; 16–22-year-old, HIV-negative South African women from a low-income, high-population-density community in Cape Town (CPT. Vaginal microbiota were profiled using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing; bacterial vaginosis (BV status was established using Nugent scoring and STIs were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. STIs were common, with 55% of women having at least one STI; 41% were infected with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV and a further 28% with low-risk HPV; 44% were infected with Chlamydia, 16% of whom had at least one additional STI. Similarly, BV rates were very high, with 55% of women classified as BV-positive (Nugent score ≥7, 7% as BV-intermediate (Nugent score 3–6 and 38% as BV-negative (Nugent 0–2. Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, the leading cause of neonatal sepsis, was present in 25% of BV-positive women and 28% of BV-negative women, and was significantly more abundant among BV-negative women. Both Chlamydia infection and BV may adversely affect reproductive health and place these women at additional risk for HIV acquisition. The high abundance of Prevotella amnii, in particular, may increase HIV risk, given its inflammatory capacity. Laboratory-based testing for STIs (Chlamydia and Gonorrhoeae in particular appear to be warranted in this community, together with further monitoring or treatment of BV. Research correlation: This article is the original version, of which an Afrikaans translation was made available to provide access to a larger readership, available here: https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1495

Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of CS and Synthesis of Its Novel Analogs

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2007-10-01

peptide, in in vivo experiments, (8) fall in the pH , (9) sense of disorientation, loss of mental coordination and incapacitation, and (10) tapering off...and sneezing Burning/tickling of palate and tongue, salivation Coughing and respiratory discomfort Skin burning sensation, Irritation and reddening...of exposure, lachrymation and salivation occurred. Within a few minutes after the cessation of exposure, the effects disappeared. It is important to

Characterization of Transfluthrin Emissions Over Time in an Enclosed Space Over a Range of Discreet Temperatures

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2014-05-14

MEDICINE AND BIOMETRICS Thesis Advisor L~Ph.D. !""𔃻hfr’f NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER-ASIA Committee Member Eleanor S. i\\lie~calf, Ph D. Dean ii...profuse salivation , choreoathetosis, increased startle response, and terminal chronic seizures (71). The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for...irritation, headache, dizziness, nausea, epigastric pain, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, twitching muscles, salivation , fluid in lungs, runny nose, and

Salivation quantum--stomatopyrosis--autogenic training.

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Pokupec, Josipa-Sanja Gruden; Gruden, Vladimir; Biocina-Lukenda, Dolores

2009-09-01

Stomatopyrosis of 'burning mouth' syndrome, in a narrower sense of definition, is a condition characterized by sensation of burning and heating in mouth, despite its normal mucosa. This research has been directed towards treatment of stomatopyrosis, putting emphasis on the implementation of psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. The research was conducted on altogether 120 respondents suffering from stomatopyrosis. The respondents were divided into two equal groups: each one comprising 60 members. All the respondents were treated by means of a standard topical therapy. All the patients were assessed clinically and by means of psychological tests measuring depression and anxiety four times: once before the treatment, after one month, after two months and after four months since the beginning of the treatment. The acquired data were afterwards statistically processed. When grading the symptoms on VAS, i.e. visual analogous scale, the subjective assessment of symptoms was marked as 7-8 cm, which shows a high degree of burning sensation. According to our study, the quantity of saliva, which was at the beginning of the research slightly decreased, normalized after the treatment. Apart from the clinical investigation of stomatopyrosis, we applied Depression and Anxiety questionnaires. On the basis of our research, we have concluded the following: the comorbidity of stomatopyrosis with the phenomena of anxiety and depression proves that, among other factors, there is a psychogenic aetiology of this disease. Autogenic training, which is a psychotherapeutic anxiolytic technique, is a therapy of choice for stomatopyrosis, which contributes not only to the elimination of oral complaints, but to the emotional rehabilitation of the patients as well, and to the reduction of dryness in the mouth.

Evaluación de la sensibilidad del cultivo de semen en el diagnóstico de prostatitis bacteriana crónica

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Nora Mendoza Diaz

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo:Evaluar la sensibilidad del cultivo de semen en el diagnóstico de pacientes con prostatitis bacteriana crónica (PBC. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio de serie de casos prospectivo y analítico realizado en varones con clínica sugerente de PBC y sin tratamiento previo. Se evaluaron variables clínicas, demográficas y de laboratorio. A todos los pacientes se les realizó la prueba de Meares y Stamey y la prueba a la que denominamos Alterna (espermocultivo y 3 urocultivos. Se evaluó la sensibilidad del cultivo de semen. Resultados: De 130 pacientes, solo en 69 se realizaron ambas pruebas. La edad promedio fue de 37.07± 11.16 años. El tiempo promedio de enfermedad antes de acudir a consulta médica fue de 12.5 meses. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor testicular bilateral presente en 32 (46.59%pacientes. El exámen digito rectal de la próstata fue normal en 64 (92.75% de los pacientes. La prueba alterna fue positiva en 7 (10.14% casos siendo Escherichia coli el germen más frecuentemente aislado en el cultivo de semen. La prueba de Meares y Stamey fue positiva en todos los pacientes. Staphylococcus aureus fue el germen más frecuentemente encontrado en el cultivo de secreción prostática. La sensibilidad del cultivo de semen para el diagnóstico de PBC fue de 10.14%.Conclusión: En nuestro estudio el cultivo de semen tiene una baja sensibilidad en el diagnóstico de PBC y su empleo nos llevaría a sub diagnósticar esta condición .(Rev Med Hered 2004; 15:37-43.

Resistência genética à mancha-bacteriana em genótipos de pimentão Genetic resistance to bacterial leaf spot on sweet pepper genotypes

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Roberto Alexandre Costa

2002-03-01

Full Text Available A mancha-bacteriana, principal doença bacteriana do pimentão causa desfolha intensa quando em condições favoráveis, deixando os frutos expostos ao sol, depreciando-os e diminuindo a produção. Para estimar, nas condições de Campos dos Goytacazes, os efeitos genéticos da reação do hospedeiro ao patógeno, tanto em folhas como em frutos, foram obtidos híbridos F1, sem recíprocos, a partir de cruzamentos dialélicos entre cinco genótipos de pimentão, sendo três suscetíveis ('UENF 1420', 'UENF 1421' e 'UENF 1422' e dois resistentes ('UENF 1381' e 'UENF 1382'. A inoculação com Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria constou de infiltração no mesófilo foliar, utilizando-se a concentração de 10³ células/ml, ajustada com auxílio de espectrofotômetro. Os efeitos de variedade e de heterose média foram significativos para resistência em folhas, indicando que efeitos aditivos e de dominância estão envolvidos no controle genético deste caráter. Para resistência em frutos, apenas os efeitos de variedade foram significativos, indicando a presença de efeitos aditivos no controle desta característica. A partir das análises puderam ser selecionados os parentais para RMB em folhas: 'UENF 1381' e 'UENF 1382'. Para RMB em frutos 'UENF 1381' e 'UENF 1421' foram os melhores parentais. Os melhores híbridos para RMB em folhas foram: 'UENF 1420' x 'UENF 1421', 'UENF 1382' x 'UENF 1420', 'UENF 1381' x 'UENF 1420', 'UENF 1381' x 'UENF 1421', 'UENF 1381' x 'UENF 1422' e 'UENF 1381' x 'UENF 1382'.Bacterial leaf spot (BLS is the most important bacterial disease in sweet pepper, causing intense defoliation under favorable conditions, leaving the exposed fruits to sunburn and decreasing the yield. To estimate genetic effects of the reaction to BLS on leaves and fruits, under the conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes (Brazil, hybrids F1, without reciprocals, were obtained from diallel crosses among five pepper genotypes, three susceptible

Central Acetylcholinesterase Reactivation by Oximes Improves Survival and Terminates Seizures Following Nerve Agent Intoxication

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2009-01-01

DTNB was prepared in Tris buffer (0.05 M, pH 8.2) to a concentration of 0.424 M. AttaneTM (Isoflurane, USP) was purchased from Minrad, Inc...signs of cholinergic toxicity (Table 1), including secretions ( salivation or lacrimation), motor deficits, and general state (activity and...rats. They were scored for absence [0] or presence [1] of each of the following signs: salivation , lacrimation, and nystagmus. General motor

Vapor Inhalation Exposure to Soman in Conscious Untreated Rats: Preliminary Assessment of Neurotoxicity

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2015-12-22

cholinergic crises including salivation , lacrimation, increased urination and defecation, and tremors were observed in all soman-exposed animals. Soman...Clinical/observational signs and body weight loss Clinical signs, including salivation , lacrimation, defecation, urination, facial clonus, tremors...additional 290 mL of working solution consisting of 50mM sodium phosphate buffer ( pH 8.0), 1mM acetylthio- choline iodide (ATC) and 0.2mM of the chromophore

Racial disparity in bacterial vaginosis: the role of socioeconomic status, psychosocial stress, and neighborhood characteristics, and possible implications for preterm birth.

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Paul, Kathleen; Boutain, Doris; Manhart, Lisa; Hitti, Jane

2008-09-01

Racial disparity in preterm birth is one of the most salient, yet least well-understood health disparities in the United States. The preterm birth disparity may be due to differences in how women experience their racial identity in light of neighborhood factors, psychosocial stress, or the prevalence of or response to genital tract infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV). The latest research emphasizes a need to explore all these factors simultaneously. This cross-sectional study of parous women in King County, Washington, USA investigated the effects of household income, psychosocial stress, and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics on risk of BV after accounting for known individual-level risk factors. Relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data were linked to U.S. census socioeconomic data by geocoding subjects' residential addresses. It was found that having a low income was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of BV among African American but not White American women. A higher number of stressful life events was significantly associated with higher BV prevalence among both African American and White American women. However, perceived stress was not related to BV risk among either group of women. Among White American women, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) was univariately associated with increased BV prevalence by principal components analysis, but was no longer significant after adjusting for individual-level risk factors. No neighborhood SES effects were observed for African American women. These results suggest that both the effects of individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors for BV may differ importantly by racial group, and stressful life events may have physiological effects independent of perceived stress.

Impact of Periodic Presumptive Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis on the Vaginal Microbiome among Women Participating in the Preventing Vaginal Infections Trial.

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Balkus, Jennifer E; Srinivasan, Sujatha; Anzala, Omu; Kimani, Joshua; Andac, Chloe; Schwebke, Jane; Fredricks, David N; McClelland, R Scott

2017-03-01

Evidence suggests that specific vaginal bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in women. Among women participating in a randomized, double-blinded trial, we assessed the effect of periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) on detection of select vaginal bacteria. High-risk women from the United States and Kenya with a recent vaginal infection received intravaginal metronidazole 750 mg plus miconazole 200 mg or placebo for 5 consecutive nights each month for 12 months. Vaginal fluid specimens were collected via polyester/polyethylene terephthalate swabs every other month and tested for bacteria, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The effect of PPT on bacterium detection was assessed among all participants and stratified by country. Of 234 women enrolled, 221 had specimens available for analysis. The proportion of follow-up visits with detectable quantities was lower in the PPT arm versus the placebo arm for the following bacteria: BVAB1, BVAB2, Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia/Sneathia, and Megasphaera. The magnitude of reductions was greater among Kenyan participants as compared to US participants. Use of monthly PPT for 1 year reduced colonization with several bacteria strongly associated with BV. The role of PPT to improve vaginal health should be considered, and efforts to improve the impact of PPT regimens are warranted. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

Bacterial pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation: HRCT findings Achados de TCAR nas pneumonias bacterianas após transplante de medula óssea

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Luiz Otávio de Mattos Coelho

2009-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe HRCT findings in patients with bacterial pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation (BMT. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 30 patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia in whom HRCT of the chest was performed within 24 h after the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was confirmed, based on a positive culture of sputum or bronchial aspirate, together with a positive pleural fluid or blood culture, within one week after symptom onset. There were 20 male patients and 10 female patients. The median age was 21 years (range, 1-41 years. The BMT had been performed for the treatment of the following: chronic myeloid leukemia, in 14 cases; severe aplastic anemia, in 6; acute myeloid leukemia, in 4; Fanconi's anemia, in 3; and acute lymphocytic leukemia, in 3. Two radiologists analyzed the HRCT scans and reached their final decisions by consensus. RESULTS: The most common HRCT findings were air-space consolidation (in 60%, small centrilobular nodules (in 50%, ground-glass opacities (in 40%, bronchial wall thickening (in 20%, large nodules (in 20%, pleural lesions (in 16.7% and tree-in-bud opacities (in 10%. The pulmonary lesions were distributed in the central and peripheral areas in 15 patients, whereas they were exclusively peripheral in 11. Lesions were located in the lower and middle lobes of the lung in 22 and 20 patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The most common HRCT findings in our patient sample were air-space consolidation, small centrilobular nodules and ground-glass opacities, most often in the central and peripheral regions of the middle and lower lung zones.OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados de TCAR em pacientes com pneumonia bacteriana após transplante de medula óssea (TMO. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 30 pacientes diagnosticados com pneumonia bacteriana, documentada com TCAR do tórax realizada em até 24 h do início dos sintomas, e com diagnóstico comprovado com base em cultura positiva

Diversidad bacteriana en un biorreactor de lecho fluidificado durante el tratamiento de agua contaminada con nafta Bacterial diversity in a fluidized bed bioreactor (FBR treating gasoline-contaminated groundwater

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S. L. Ara-Rojas

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la diversidad bacteriana del proceso de biorremediación de agua contaminada con nafta en un biorreactor de lecho fluidificado en el Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. El aislamiento y la caracterización de las colonias bacterianas del sistema de biorremediación fueron realizados en medio R2A. Las pruebas morfológicas incluyeron la determinación de la morfología celular y de las colonias, y la reacción frente a la coloración de Gram. Las propiedades fisiológicas se determinaron usando el sistema Biolog® y sobre la base de la habilidad para desarrollar en medio mínimo con nafta como única fuente de carbono. La caracterización molecular se llevó a cabo por BOX-PCR y por análisis de secuencia del ADNr 16S mediante la técnica de ARDRA (amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. De los 162 morfotipos de colonias aislados, 75% fueron bacilos gram-negativos, 19% bacilos gram-positivos, 5% cocos gram-negativos y 1% cocos gram-positivos. Según el análisis ARDRA, estos morfotipos se distribuyeron en 90 grupos genéticos, de los cuales 53% incluyeron cepas con crecimiento en nafta. Las 86 cepas que crecieron en nafta presentaron 52 patrones de amplificación, los que a través de BOX-PCR se agruparon en 50 grupos metabólicamente no relacionados. El alto nivel de diversidad microbiana observado en el reactor permitió la remoción del contaminante y, al parecer, fue importante para la operación estable y eficiente del sistema.The main objective of this research project was to determine the bacterial diversity during the process of bioremediation of water contaminated with gasoline in a fluidized bed reactor at Mayagüez, PR. Isolation and characterization of bacterial populations from the bioremediation system was performed on R2A medium. Morphological tests included cellular and colonial shape and reaction to Gram coloration. Physiological

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

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Fabíola Araújo Oliveira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STI, bacterial vaginosis (BV, and candidiasis reflect the epidemiological situation more accurately than studies performed in specific populations, but such data are scarce. To determine the prevalence of STI, BV, and candidiasis among women of reproductive age from a resource-poor community in Northeast Brazil, a population-based cross sectional study was undertaken. All women from seven hamlets and the centre of Pacoti municipality in the state of Ceará, aged 12 to 49 years, were invited to participate. The women were asked about socio-demographic characteristics and genital symptoms, and thereafter examined gynaecologically. Laboratory testing included polymerase chain reaction (PCR for human papillomavirus (HPV, ligase chain reaction (LCR for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL and fluorescent treponema antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS for syphilis, and analysis of wet mounts, gram stains and Pap smears for trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and BV. Only women who had initiated sexual life were included in the analysis (n = 592. The prevalences of STI were: HPV 11.7% (95% confidence interval: 9.3-14.7, chlamydia 4.5% (3.0-6.6, trichomoniasis 4.1% (2.7-6.1, gonorrhoea 1.2% (0.5-2.6, syphilis 0.2% (0.0-1.1, and HIV 0%. The prevalence of BV and candidiasis was 20% (16.9-23.6 and 12.5% (10.0-15.5, respectively. The most common gynaecological complaint was lower abdominal pain. STI are common in women in rural Brazil and represent an important health threat in view of the HIV pandemic.

Studying the Effects of Reproductive Hormones and Bacterial Vaginosis on the Glycome of Lavage Samples from the Cervicovaginal Cavity

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Wang, Linlin; Koppolu, Sujeethraj; Chappell, Catherine; Moncla, Bernard J.; Hillier, Sharon L.; Mahal, Lara K.

2015-01-01

The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. PMID:25993513

Women’s Views and Experiences of the Triggers for Onset of Bacterial Vaginosis and Exacerbating Factors Associated with Recurrence

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Bilardi, Jade; Walker, Sandra; Mooney-Somers, Julie; Temple-Smith, Meredith; McNair, Ruth; Bellhouse, Clare; Fairley, Christopher; Chen, Marcus; Bradshaw, Catriona

2016-01-01

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection affecting women of childbearing age. While the aetiology and transmissibility of BV remain unclear, there is strong evidence to suggest an association between BV and sexual activity. This study explored women’s views and experiences of the triggers for BV onset and factors associated with recurrence. Methods A descriptive, social constructionist approach was chosen as the framework for the study. Thirty five women of varying sexual orientation who had experienced recurrent BV in the past five years took part in semi-structured interviews. Results The majority of women predominantly reported sexual contact triggered the onset of BV and sexual and non-sexual factors precipitated recurrence. Recurrence was most commonly referred to in terms of a ‘flare-up’ of symptoms. The majority of women did not think BV was a sexually transmitted infection however many reported being informed this by their clinician. Single women who attributed BV onset to sex with casual partners were most likely to display self-blame tendencies and to consider changing their future sexual behaviour. Women who have sex with women (WSW) were more inclined to believe their partner was responsible for the transmission of or reinfection with BV and seek partner treatment or change their sexual practices. Conclusion Findings from this study strongly suggest women believe that BV onset is associated with sexual activity, concurring with epidemiological data which increasingly suggest BV may be sexually transmitted. Exacerbating factors associated with recurrence were largely heterogeneous and may reflect the fact it is difficult to determine whether recurrence is due to persistent BV or a new infection in women. There was however evidence to suggest possible transmission and reinfection among WSW, reinforcing the need for new approaches to treatment and management strategies including male and female partner treatment trials

Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity.

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Wang, Linlin; Koppolu, Sujeethraj; Chappell, Catherine; Moncla, Bernard J; Hillier, Sharon L; Mahal, Lara K

2015-01-01

The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system.

Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity.

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Linlin Wang

Full Text Available The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1 no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2 no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3 no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4 combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5 depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera injections for at least 6 months, (6 levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV. Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system.

[The dynamics of changes in rheological properties of oral fluid in patients with different levels of oral hygiene, using removable dentures].

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Mikhaylenko, T N; Ernestyuk, A M; Rozhko, N M

2014-12-01

The issue of changing the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of oral fluid and their dependence on the level of oral hygiene in patients with removable dentures, requires further study. Therefore, in 86 individuals with 138 removable dentures, and 34 patients who are dentally and somatically healthy, we have had studied the parameters of viscosity, velocity of salivation, pH and concentration of mucin. According to the results of the factor analysis, it was determined that 78.6% of the studied parameters were indicators of hygienic condition of oral cavity. On the basis of significant difference and the strength and direction of correlation between the studied parameters and values of the integral index of oral hygiene, it was found, that in patients without somatic pathology with proper oral hygiene, we observed the growth of the rate of salivation and pH(c1), and in case of improper hygienic condition - reducing rate of salivation and increasing concentration of mucin. In case of the presence of somatic pathology, with an improvement of oral hygiene, the growth of pH(c1) and reducing of concentration of mucin was observed. The deterioration of oral hygiene level led to the increase of the rate of viscosity and the reduction of the salivation rate.

Combination of microbiological culture and multiplex PCR increases the range of vaginal microorganisms identified in cervical cancer patients at high risk for bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis.

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Schmidt, Katarzyna; Cybulski, Zefiryn; Roszak, Andrzej; Grabiec, Alicja; Talaga, Zofia; Urbański, Bartosz; Odważna, Joanna; Wojciechowicz, Jacek

2015-05-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vaginitis in cervical cancer patients might becaused by mixed aerobic, anaerobic, and atypical bacteria. Since genital tract infections can be complicated, early and accurate identification of causal pathogens is vital. The purpose of this study was i) to determinate if currently used aerobic culture methods are sufficiently sensitive to identify pathogens that can appear in the cervix of women after cancer treatment; ii) to investigate if molecular methods can improve the diagnostic process of BV and vaginitis, as well as broaden the range of detectable pathogens that would otherwise be difficult to cultivate. A one-year hospital-based study was conducted in 2011/2012. Cervical swabs from 130 patients were examined by microbiological culture and multiplex PCR. Swab samples were positive for 107 and 93 women by microbiological culture and multiplex PCR, respectively The most common bacteria isolated from culture were: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus, and using the molecular technique were: Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Ureoplasma ureoliticum/parvum, Mobiluncus curtisii and Atopobium vaginae. Multiplex PCR might contribute to the diagnosis of genital tract infections and it broadens the number of detectable microorganisms responsible for BV. Combination of these two methods may become the basis for standardized diagnosis of BV and vaginitis.

Risks for acquisition of bacterial vaginosis among women who report sex with women: a cohort study.

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Jeanne M Marrazzo

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV is common in women who have sex with women. While cross-sectional data support a role for sexual transmission, risks for incident BV have not been prospectively studied in this group. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied risks for BV acquisition in a prospective cohort study of women (age 16-35 years who reported sex with other women (>or=1 partner, prior year. Women were followed for one year with examinations at quarterly visits and for genital symptoms at any time. Species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCRs for BV-associated bacteria (BVAB were applied to vaginal fluid obtained at enrollment. Sexual behaviors were ascertained by computer-assisted interview. Of 335 participants, 239 had no BV at baseline; 199 were seen in follow-up (median follow-up 355 days, 4.0 visits/subject. Forty women experienced >or=1 BV episode. Risks for incident BV were presentation

Chlamydia - CDC Fact Sheet

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... Archive STDs Home Page Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Genital Herpes Hepatitis HIV/AIDS & STDs Human Papillomavirus ( ... sheet Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC fact sheet Gonorrhea – CDC fact sheet STDs Home Page Bacterial Vaginosis ( ...

Overcoming challenges

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Breastfeeding: Planning Ahead

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A conservative region of the mercuric reductase gene (merA as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance Região conservada do gene da mercúrio redutase (merA como marcador molecular da resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio

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Adriana Sotero-Martins

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The most common bacterial mercury resistance mechanism is based on the reduction of Hg(II to Hg0, which is dependent of the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA activity. The use of a 431 bp fragment of a conservative region of the mercuric reductase (merA gene was applied as a molecular marker of this mechanism, allowing the identification of mercury resistant bacterial strains.O mecanismo de resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio mais comum é baseada na redução do Hg(II a Hg0, através da atividade da enzima mercúrio redutase (MerA. O uso do fragmento de 431 pb amplificado de uma região conservada do gene merA, que codifica a enzima MerA,foi utilizado como marcador molecular deste mecanismo, permitindo a identificação de bactérias resistentes ao mercúrio.

Bacterial vaginosis, human papilloma virus and herpes viridae do not predict vaginal HIV RNA shedding in women living with HIV in Denmark.

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Wessman, Maria; Thorsteinsson, Kristina; Jensen, Jørgen S; Storgaard, Merete; Rönsholt, Frederikke F; Johansen, Isik S; Pedersen, Gitte; Nørregård Nielsen, Lars; Bonde, Jesper; Katzenstein, Terese L; Weis, Nina; Lebech, Anne-Mette

2017-05-31

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been found to be associated with HIV acquisition and transmission. This is suggested to be due to higher HIV RNA levels in cervicovaginal fluids in women living with HIV (WLWH) with BV, as bacteria associated with BV may induce viral replication and shedding in the genital tract despite undetectable HIV RNA plasma viral load. We examined the prevalence and diagnostic predictors of BV and HIV-1 RNA vaginal shedding in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Denmark, taking into account the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes viridae. WLWH between 18-51 years were recruited from six Departments of Infectious Diseases in Denmark during enrolment in the SHADE cohort; a prospective cohort study of WLWH attending regular outpatient care. BV was diagnosed by microscopy of vaginal swabs and PCR was used for detection of BV-associated bacteria, HPV, herpes viridae, and vaginal HIV viral load. Median age of the 150 included women was 41 years; ethnicity was predominantly White (35%) or Black (47%). The majority (96%) was on ART and had undetectable (85%) plasma HIV RNA (<40 copies/mL). BV was diagnosed in 32%. Overall, 11% had detectable vaginal HIV RNA. Both before and after adjustment for BV, age, ethnicity, plasma HIV RNA, CD4 cell count, herpes viridae and HPV, we found no significant predictors of HIV RNA vaginal shedding. In well-treated WLWH, BV, herpes viridae or HPV do not predict vaginal HIV RNA shedding. This implies that HIV shedding does not seem to be increased by BV.

Tamanho do tubérculo-semente de batata não interfere na manifestação da murcha bacteriana Potato seed tuber size does not interfere with the incidence of potato bacterial wilt

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Carlos A Lopes

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A batata-semente é comercializada no Brasil em diferentes tamanhos, conforme determinação do MAPA, variando do tipo 0 (zero, com tubérculos acima de 60 mm, até o tipo V, com tubérculos menores que 23 mm. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito do tamanho do tubérculo da batata-semente na manifestação da murcha bacteriana nas cultivares Agata, BRS Ana, Asterix e Bintje, em campo naturalmente infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum, em Brasília-DF. Foram usados tubérculos pequenos, médios e grandes, com aproximadamente 30, 50 e 90 mm em média, tamanhos correspondentes respectivamente aos tipos IV, II e 0 das normas do MAPA. Diferenças significativas quanto à incidência da doença foram encontradas entre cultivares: BRS Ana e Asterix não diferiram entre si e foram mais resistentes que Agata e Bintje que, por sua vez, tampouco diferiram entre si. As diferenças entre tamanhos de tubérculos e as interações entre cultivar e tamanho de tubérculos não foram significativas. Portanto concluiu-se que o tamanho de tubérculos dentro dos limites avaliados neste trabalho, não interferiu na manifestação da doença em testes de avaliação para resistência à murcha bacteriana.Potato seed tubers in Brazil are commercialized in different sizes as determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. The sizes are classified in types, which vary from type 0 (zero, tubers above 60 mm, up to type V, tubers below 23 mm. In this work, we evaluated the influence of seed tuber size on the incidence of bacterial wilt on cultivars Agata, BRS Ana, Asterix, and Bintje, grown in a field naturally infested with Ralstonia solanacearum, in Brasilia, Brazil. We used small, medium and large tubers, measuring in average 30, 50 and 90 mm, which correspond respectively to types IV, II and 0 according to the Brazilian legislation. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidences were detected among cultivars: BRS Ana and Asterix did not

Bacterial Communities in Women with Bacterial Vaginosis: High Resolution Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Relationships of Microbiota to Clinical Criteria

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Srinivasan, Sujatha; Hoffman, Noah G.; Morgan, Martin T.; Matsen, Frederick A.; Fiedler, Tina L.; Hall, Robert W.; Ross, Frederick J.; McCoy, Connor O.; Bumgarner, Roger; Marrazzo, Jeanne M.; Fredricks, David N.

2012-01-01

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition that is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and is characterized by poorly understood changes in the vaginal microbiota. We sought to describe the composition and diversity of the vaginal bacterial biota in women with BV using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene coupled with species-level taxonomic identification. We investigated the associations between the presence of individual bacterial species and clinical diagnostic characteristics of BV. Methodology/Principal Findings Broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR and pyrosequencing were performed on vaginal swabs from 220 women with and without BV. BV was assessed by Amsel’s clinical criteria and confirmed by Gram stain. Taxonomic classification was performed using phylogenetic placement tools that assigned 99% of query sequence reads to the species level. Women with BV had heterogeneous vaginal bacterial communities that were usually not dominated by a single taxon. In the absence of BV, vaginal bacterial communities were dominated by either Lactobacillus crispatus or Lactobacillus iners. Leptotrichia amnionii and Eggerthella sp. were the only two BV-associated bacteria (BVABs) significantly associated with each of the four Amsel’s criteria. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the presence of several sub-groups of BVABs suggesting metabolic co-dependencies. Greater abundance of several BVABs was observed in Black women without BV. Conclusions/Significance The human vaginal bacterial biota is heterogeneous and marked by greater species richness and diversity in women with BV; no species is universally present. Different bacterial species have different associations with the four clinical criteria, which may account for discrepancies often observed between Amsel and Nugent (Gram stain) diagnostic criteria. Several BVABs exhibited race-dependent prevalence when analyzed in separate groups by BV status which may contribute to increased incidence of BV in

Mechanism of RDX-Induced Seizures in Rats

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2009-09-01

benchmark for RDX. d. The main acute effect of RDX after ingestion of high doses is the induction of seizures accompanied by excessive salivation ...most animals that seize demonstrate excessive salivation (Schneider et al., 1977; Burdette et al., 1988; Crouse et al., 2006). These clinical signs...Padilla et al., 1998). A 2% (wet wt./vol.) homogenate was made in 0.1 M Na phosphate buffer ( pH 8.0) + 1% Triton, using a 20 sec burst (on ice) of

Prevalence and Correlates of Bacterial Vaginosis in Different Sub-Populations of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Jespers, Vicky; Crucitti, Tania; Menten, Joris; Verhelst, Rita; Mwaura, Mary; Mandaliya, Kishor; Ndayisaba, Gilles F.; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; Verstraelen, Hans; Hardy, Liselotte; Buvé, Anne; van de Wijgert, Janneke

2014-01-01

Background Clinical development of vaginally applied products aimed at reducing the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, has highlighted the need for a better characterisation of the vaginal environment. We set out to characterise the vaginal environment in women in different settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted in Kenya, Rwanda and South-Africa. Women were recruited into pre-defined study groups including adult, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women; pregnant women; adolescent girls; HIV-negative women engaging in vaginal practices; female sex workers; and HIV-positive women. Consenting women were interviewed and underwent a pelvic exam. Samples of vaginal fluid and a blood sample were taken and tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV), HIV and other reproductive tract infections (RTIs). This paper presents the cross-sectional analyses of BV Nugent scores and RTI prevalence and correlates at the screening and the enrolment visit. Results At the screening visit 38% of women had BV defined as a Nugent score of 7–10, and 64% had more than one RTI (N. gonorrhoea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, syphilis) and/or Candida. At screening the likelihood of BV was lower in women using progestin-only contraception and higher in women with more than one RTI. At enrolment, BV scores were significantly associated with the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the vaginal fluid and with being a self-acknowledged sex worker. Further, sex workers were more likely to have incident BV by Nugent score at enrolment. Conclusions Our study confirmed some of the correlates of BV that have been previously reported but the most salient finding was the association between BV and the presence of PSA in the vaginal fluid which is suggestive of recent unprotected sexual intercourse. PMID:25289640

Prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis in different sub-populations of women in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study.

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Vicky Jespers

Full Text Available Clinical development of vaginally applied products aimed at reducing the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, has highlighted the need for a better characterisation of the vaginal environment. We set out to characterise the vaginal environment in women in different settings in sub-Saharan Africa.A longitudinal study was conducted in Kenya, Rwanda and South-Africa. Women were recruited into pre-defined study groups including adult, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women; pregnant women; adolescent girls; HIV-negative women engaging in vaginal practices; female sex workers; and HIV-positive women. Consenting women were interviewed and underwent a pelvic exam. Samples of vaginal fluid and a blood sample were taken and tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV, HIV and other reproductive tract infections (RTIs. This paper presents the cross-sectional analyses of BV Nugent scores and RTI prevalence and correlates at the screening and the enrolment visit.At the screening visit 38% of women had BV defined as a Nugent score of 7-10, and 64% had more than one RTI (N. gonorrhoea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, syphilis and/or Candida. At screening the likelihood of BV was lower in women using progestin-only contraception and higher in women with more than one RTI. At enrolment, BV scores were significantly associated with the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA in the vaginal fluid and with being a self-acknowledged sex worker. Further, sex workers were more likely to have incident BV by Nugent score at enrolment.Our study confirmed some of the correlates of BV that have been previously reported but the most salient finding was the association between BV and the presence of PSA in the vaginal fluid which is suggestive of recent unprotected sexual intercourse.

A cross-sectional study of bacterial vaginosis, intravaginal practices and HIV genital shedding; implications for HIV transmission and women's health.

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Alcaide, Maria L; Chisembele, Maureen; Malupande, Emeria; Arheart, Kristopher; Fischl, Margaret; Jones, Deborah L

2015-11-09

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission, and intravaginal practices (IVP) are an important risk factor for developing BV. The relationship between IVP, BV and HIV lower genital shedding, responsible for HIV transmission, has not been examined in women receiving antiretrovirals in Zambia. Cross-sectional study. Community Health Center in Lusaka, Zambia. Participants were HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy and engaging in IVP (n=128). Participants completed audio computer-administered self-interviews to assess IVP and underwent a vaginal examination. BV was diagnosed using Nugent criteria. HIV-1 lower genital shedding was assessed by measuring HIV-1 RNA in cervicovaginal lavages. Most women engaged in IVP daily (114, 89.0%) and 81 (63.3%) of the participants had BV. HIV-1 genital shedding was detected in 18 (14.2%) participants. BV was associated with daily use of IVP (prevalence ratio, PR=4.58, CI 1.26 to 16.64, p=0.02) and weekly use of traditional medicines for IVP (PR=1.33, CI 1.05 to 1.68, p=0.02). The only factor associated with HIV-1 lower genital shedding was plasma viraemia (PR=4.61, CI 2.02 to 10.54, pHIV shedding. Despite the frequency of IVP and high prevalence of BV, plasma viraemia was the primary factor associated with HIV lower genital shedding. These findings support early initiation of antiretrovirals as an HIV prevention tool. Given adverse health outcomes associated with BV, the association between frequent IVP and BV, and the powerful local norms and traditions encouraging IVP, there is a need for studies assessing culturally tailored interventions to decrease BV in high-prevalence settings. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Variabilidad de las meningoencefalitis bacterianas en el Hospital Pediátrico "Pepe Portilla" Variability of the bacterial meningoencephalitis at "Pepe Portilla" Paediatric Hospital

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Maydelin Fernández González

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y prospectivo longitudinal de las Meningoencefalitis Bacterianas diagnosticadas en el Hospital Pediátrico "Pepe Portilla" en el año 2006 y 2007, con el objetivo de determinar los gérmenes que han aislado en dicha patología, comparándose con años anteriores desde 1992, analizando el impacto de la vacunación contra Neisseria meningitidis y Haemophilus influenzae. Los estudios de líquido cefalorraquídeo se realizaron como indican las normativas para estos casos. Se encontró que en el 2006 solo hubo un caso de meningitis a Neisseria meningitidis y en el 2007 dos casos de meningitis por Streptocuccus pneumoneae, y además que la incidencia de Neisseria meningitidis y Haemophilus influenzae disminuyó después de la aplicación de las vacunas VAMENGO BC y Hib de manera ostensible como lo hizo en el país en general, demostrándose la efectividad de dicha vacuna en nuestro medio.A retrospective-prospective and longitudinal study about Bacterial Meningoencephalitis diagnosed at "Pepe Portilla" Paediatric Hopital was carried out during 2006-2007 aimed at determining the isolated germs of this pathology comparing them with previous years (since 1992 and analyzing the impact of vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis y Haemophilus influenzae. The studies about cerebrospinal fluid were conducted as indicated by the rules towards these cases. Results showed that in 2006 only one case of meningitis a Neisseria meningitidis occurred and two cases of meningitis by Streptocuccus pneumoneae in 2007; besides the incidence of Neisseria meningitidis y Haemophilus influenza diminished after the vaccination with VAMENGON BC and Hib observed in all the country, showing the effectiveness of the vaccine in our environment.

A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis.

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Turner, Abigail Norris; Carr Reese, Patricia; Fields, Karen S; Anderson, Julie; Ervin, Melissa; Davis, John A; Fichorova, Raina N; Roberts, Mysheika Williams; Klebanoff, Mark A; Jackson, Rebecca D

2014-11-01

Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with increased prevalence of the reproductive tract condition bacterial vaginosis (BV). The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on BV recurrence. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial enrolled 118 women with symptomatic BV from an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic (clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT01450462). All participants received 500 mg of oral metronidazole twice daily for 7 days. Intervention participants (n = 59) also received 9 doses of 50,000 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) over 24 weeks; control women (n = 59) received matching placebo. Recurrent BV was assessed via Nugent scoring after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. We assessed the effect of the intervention using an intention-to-treat approach, fitting Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate recurrent BV over the follow-up period. Most participants (74%) were black, with a median age of 26 years. Median presupplementation serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was similar across randomization arms: 16.6 ng/mL in the vitamin D arm and 15.8 ng/mL in the control arm. At trial completion, median 25(OH)D among women receiving vitamin D was 30.5 ng/mL, vs 17.8 ng/mL in control women; 16% of women receiving vitamin D and 57% receiving placebo remained vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). BV prevalence among women randomized to vitamin D was very similar to those randomized to placebo at the 4- and 12-week visits, but by the 24-week visit, BV prevalence was 65% among women in the vitamin D arm and 48% among control women. BV recurrence was not reduced by vitamin D supplementation (intention-to-treat hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.81). Among women experiencing recurrent BV, median time to recurrence was 13.7 weeks in the vitamin D arm and 14.3 weeks in the control arm. Women receiving vitamin D experienced significant increases in serum 25(OH)D, but this increase was not

Importancia del estudio del balance del contenido vaginal (BACOVA en el control preventivo de las trabajadoras sexuales Importance of studying the balance of vaginal content (BAVACO in the preventive control of sex workers

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Romina Bologno

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar a un grupo de 229 trabajadoras sexuales de Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut, atendidas en centros públicos de salud de dicha ciudad, mediante la aplicación del método conocido como balance del contenido vaginal (BACOVA. Este método comprende el estudio morfológico de la microbiota vaginal, como así también de la reacción infamatoria. Incluye el análisis del contenido vaginal en fresco y por tinciones de Gram y de Giemsa, de modo de integrar la exploración de todo el panorama biológico. El 35,37 % de estas mujeres presentó microbiota normal (MN; el 15,72 %, microbiota intermedia (MI; el 23,14 %, vaginosis bacteriana (VB y el 10,48 %, vaginitis microbiana inespecífca (VMI. Los casos de vaginitis por levaduras y por Trichomonas vaginalis comprendieron el 8,30 % y 6,99 % de las mujeres, respectivamente. Se observó el desplazamiento de la MN hacia una MI, que se correspondió con el predominio de bacterias corineformes. Por otra parte, no se reconoció un marcado desequilibrio del contenido vaginal ante la colonización e infección por levaduras o por T. vaginalis: el 48 % de los casos de estas vaginitis convencionales no presentaron reacción infamatoria vaginal (RIV. El 24,89 % de los casos de MN presentaron una signifcativa RIV, y en más del 50 % de las mujeres se diagnosticaron disfunciones vaginales en ausencia de sintomatología. Estos resultados se podrían asociar a un incremento del riesgo gineco-obstétrico, lo que afecta la salud sexual y reproductiva de la población estudiada.The aim of this work was to study the vaginal microenvironment in sex workers from Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut. For that purpose, BAVACO procedures were applied. A total of 229 female sex workers attended public health centers. Vaginal secretions were analyzed by Gram and Giemsa stains. The following results were obtained: normal microbiota 35.37 %, intermediate microbiota 15.72 %, bacterial vaginosis 23

Avaliação da influência do uso de métodos contraceptivos sobre os resultados dos esfregaços de Papanicolaou - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1091 Evaluation of the influence of contraceptive methods on the results of Papanicolaou smears - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1091

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Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Foi avaliada a influência do uso de métodos contraceptivos como dispositivo intrauterino (DIU, contraceptivos hormonais (CPH e preservativo (PRESER, nos resultados dos esfregaços de Papanicolaou (Pap, por meio de análise retrospectiva de seus laudos e das informações sobre métodos contraceptivos de 2251 mulheres, distribuídas em: DIU (n=80, CPH (n=172, PRESER (n=40 e não usuárias (n=1959. As não usuárias apresentaram mais resultados normais e as com DIU mais alterações benignas. Os três grupos de usuárias, principalmente DIU, manifestaram mais metaplasia escamosa do que as não usuárias. Não houve aumento de ASCUS/LIS ou câncer nas usuárias de métodos contraceptivos. Predominaram as infecções candidíase e vaginose bacteriana e em DIU houve mais vaginose. Actinomyces sp. ocorreu apenas em DIU e Trichomonas vaginalis apenas em não usuárias. Assim, é importante a realização de Pap nas usuárias de DIU e CPH para acompanhar as alterações benignas, pois as mesmas podem predispor e/ou facilitar infecções, incluindo por HPVThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of contraceptive methods, such as the intrauterine device (IDU, the hormonal contraceptive (HCP and the preservative (PRESER, on the results of Papanicolaou smears (Pap. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on Papanicolau results and on information from 2251 women's contraceptive methods, distributed in: IDU (n=80, HCP (n=172, PRESER (n=40 and non-users (n=1959. Non-users presented more normal results; and IDU users presented benign alterations. Among the three groups, the IDU users manifested more squaly squamous metaplasia than the non-users. There was no notice of ASCUS/SIL or cancer in the users of contraceptive methods. The infections with candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis prevailed. Particularly in IDU users, there was more vaginosis. Actinomyces sp. was only noticed in IDU users, and Trichomonas vaginalis in non-users. Thus

Avaliação da influência do uso de métodos contraceptivos sobre os resultados dos esfregaços de Papanicolaou = Evaluation of the influence of contraceptive methods on the results of Papanicolaou smears

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Fernanda Cristina da Silva

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Foi avaliada a influência do uso de métodos contraceptivos como dispositivo intrauterino (DIU, contraceptivos hormonais (CPH e preservativo (PRESER, nos resultados dos esfregaços de Papanicolaou (Pap, por meio de análise retrospectiva de seus laudos e das informações sobre métodos contraceptivos de 2251 mulheres, distribuídas em: DIU (n=80, CPH (n=172, PRESER (n=40 e não usuárias (n=1959. As não usuárias apresentaram mais resultados normais e as com DIU mais alterações benignas. Os três grupos de usuárias, principalmente DIU, manifestaram mais metaplasia escamosa do que as não usuárias. Não houve aumento de ASCUS/LIS ou câncer nas usuárias de métodos contraceptivos. Predominaram as infecções candidíase e vaginose bacteriana e em DIU houve mais vaginose. Actinomyces sp. ocorreu apenas em DIU e Trichomonas vaginalis apenasem não usuárias. Assim, é importante a realização de Pap nas usuárias de DIU e CPH para acompanhar as alterações benignas, pois as mesmas podem predispor e/ou facilitar infecções, incluindo por HPV.This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of contraceptive methods, such as the intrauterine device (IDU, the hormonal contraceptive (HCP and the preservative (PRESER, on the results of Papanicolaou smears (Pap. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on Papanicolau results and on information from2251 women's contraceptive methods, distributed in: IDU (n=80, HCP (n=172, PRESER (n=40 and non-users (n=1959. Non-users presented more normal results; and IDU users presented benign alterations. Among the three groups, the IDU users manifested more squaly squamous metaplasia than the non-users. There was no notice of ASCUS/SIL or cancer in the users of contraceptive methods. The infections withcandidiasis and bacterial vaginosis prevailed. Particularly in IDU users, there was more vaginosis. Actinomyces sp. was only noticed in IDU users, and Trichomonas vaginalis in nonusers. Thus

Importance of bacterial endotoxin (LPS in endodontics A importância da endotoxina bacteriana (LPS na endodontia atual

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Mario Roberto Leonardo

2004-06-01

Full Text Available New knowledge of the structure and biological activity of endotoxins (LPS has revolutionized concepts concerning their mechanisms of action and forms of inactivation. Since the 1980's, technological advances in microbiological culture and identification have shown that anaerobic microorganisms, especially Gram-negative, predominate in root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and radiographically visible chronic periapical lesions. Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, as also contain endotoxin (LPS on their cell wall. This is especially important because endotoxin is released during multiplication or bacterial death, causing a series of biological effects that lead to an inflammatory reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues. Thus, due to the role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions, we reviewed the literature concerning the biological activity of endotoxin and the relevance of its inactivation during treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesion.O conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre a estrutura e atividade biológica das endotoxinas (LPS revolucionou os conceitos sobre seu mecanismo de ação e formas de inativação. A partir da década de 80, os avanços tecnológicos na cultura e identificação microbiológica demonstraram que, em canais radiculares de dentes portadores de necrose pulpar e lesão periapical crônica, visível radiograficamente, predominam microrganismos anaeróbios, particularmente os gram-negativos. Como se sabe, os microrganismos gram-negativos, além de possuírem diferentes fatores de virulência e gerarem produtos e sub-produtos tóxicos aos tecidos apicais e periapicais, contêm endotoxina em sua parede celular. Esse conhecimento é particularmente importante, uma vez que a endotoxina é liberada durante a multiplicação ou morte bacteriana, exercendo uma série de

The study on the bacterial vaginosis in Luzhou area%泸州地区细菌性阴道病的调查研究

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李林; 王定玉; 贾娟

2011-01-01

Objective: To understand the incidence and causes of bacterial vaginosis (BV) .Methods: BV of 3 443 patients with vaginitis fungal was detected by fast detection ways, while the vaginal cleanliness, the infection of mold and trichomonas vaginalis were observated by the direct smear method using saline. The incidences of BV in difference groups were analyzed. Results: The incidence of BV in patients with vaginitis fungal (38. 11% , 1 312 / 3 443) was significantly higher than that in patients with mold (20. 88% , 719/3 443) .and with trichomonas vaginalis (3.60% , 124/3 443) (P 50 years old age was respectively 39.69% ,41.02% , 40.10% , 34. 84% and 20. 25% , the incidence of BV in > 50 years old group was lowest ( P 0. 05 ) . The incidence of BV in vaginal cleanliness Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅳ were 44.09% and 30.98%. In BV patients, the incidence of mold infection was 22.56% (296 / 1 312), and trichomonas vaginalis infection was 5.49% (72 / 1 312) . Conclusion: BV is main in vaginitis in Luzhou area, there are some cases with mold and trichomonas vaginalis infections. The incidence of BV relates with ages and vaginal cleanliness.%目的:了解阴道炎患者细菌性阴道病(Bacterial vaginosis,BV)的发生率和发病的原因.方法:采用快速检测法对3 443例阴道炎患者进行BV的检测,同时采用生理盐水直接涂片法进行阴道清洁度、霉菌及阴道滴虫感染的观察.检查结果采用x2检验进行不同年龄组间BV发生率的差异分析.结果:阴道炎患者BV的发生率38.11％(1 312/3443),明显高于霉菌20.88％ (719/3 443)、阴道滴虫3.60％(124/3 443)的感染率(P＜0.05).≤20岁、21～30岁、31～40岁、41～50岁和＞ 50岁年龄组BV的发生率分别为39.69％、41.02％、40.10％、34.84％和20.25％,组间比较41岁以上组BV的发生率低于40岁以上组,以＞50岁年龄组BV的发生率最低(P＜0.05),其他年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).�

ORIGIN OF THE FACIAL ARTERY FROM THE LINGUAL-FACIAL TRUNK AND ITS COURSE THROUGH THE SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND: A CASE REPORT. Origen de la arteria facial desde el tronco lingual-facial y su curso a través de la glándula salival submandibular: informe

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Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla

2016-03-01

Full Text Available La disección cuidadosa del tercio posterior de la parte superficial de la glándula salival submandibular es uno de los pasos quirúrgicos esenciales en la extirpación endoscópica glandular, evitando daños en la arteria facial. Un buen conocimiento de la poco común relación entre la arteria facial y la glándula salival submandibular es de vital importancia para llevar a cabo de forma eficiente y segura la extirpación de la glándula submandibular. Las variaciones del patrón de ramificación de la arteria facial son bien conocidas y han sido expuestas en el pasado. Sin embargo, las variaciones en su origen y trayectoria son poco frecuentes. Durante una rutinaria disección de cabeza y cuello para los estudiantes universitarios de Medicina, observamos la inusual trayectoria de la arteria facial en el triángulo digástrico derecho en un cadáver de un varón de origen indio de aproximadamente 60 años. La arteria facial derecha se originó de la común lingual-facial del tronco por encima del nivel del asta mayor del hueso hioides, y luego atravesar a través de la sustancia de la parte superficial de la glándula submandibular, sin la formación de un bucle. Después la arteria entraba en la cara por el ángulo anteroinferior del masetero. A continuación, en su trayectoria intraglandular, esta arteria mostraba pequeñas ramificaciones glandulares.  Careful dissection of the posterior one third of the superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland is one of the essential surgical steps in endoscopic glandular excision, to avoid injury to the facial artery. A sound knowledge of unusual relationship of the facial artery with the submandibular salivary gland is essentially important to perform the safe and efficient submandibular gland excision. Different types of variations in the branching pattern of the facial artery have been reported in the past. However, variations in the origin and course of the facial artery are very rare

“Collinsella vaginalis” sp. nov., a new bacterial species cultivated from human female genital tract

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Khoudia Diop

2016-12-01

Full Text Available We present a brief description of “Collinsella vaginalis” strain P2666 (=CSUR P2666, a new bacterium that was cultivated from the vaginal sample of a 26-year-old woman affected from bacterial vaginosis. Keywords: “Collinsella vaginalis”, Culturomics, Vaginal flora, Bacterial vaginosis, Human microbiota

Infecciones en pacientes hospitalizados por cirrosis Infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis

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Sebastián Mathurin

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Evaluamos la prevalecencia y relevancia clínica de las infecciones bacterianas y no bacterianas en pacientes cirróticos predominantemente alcohólicos internados en un hospital de mediana complejidad, y comparamos las características clínicas, de laboratorio y la evolución de pacientes con y sin infección bacteriana en un estudio prospectivo de cohorte. Se incluyeron 211 internaciones consecutivas de 132 pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis, de abril 2004 a julio 2007. El promedio de edad (±DS fue 51.8 (±8 años, 112 fueron hombres (84.8%; etiología alcohólica 95.4%. Se diagnosticaron 129 episodios de infecciones bacterianas en 99/211 (46.9% internaciones, adquiridos en la comunidad 79 (61.2% y 50 (38.8% intrahospitalarios: peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (23.3%; infección urinaria (21.7%; neumonías (17.8%; infecciones de piel y partes blandas (17.1%; sepsis por bacteriemia espontánea (7.7%; otras infecciones bacterianas (12.4%. El 52.2% fueron por gérmenes gram-positivos. Hubo ocho casos de tuberculosis e infecciones graves por hongos y parásitos. La prevalecencia de tuberculosis fue del 6% con una mortalidad anual de 62.5%. El 28.1% (9/32 de los exámenes coproparasitológicos tuvieron Strongyloides stercolaris. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue mayor en los pacientes con infección bacteriana (32.4% vs. 13.2%; p=0.02. Fueron identificados como predictores independientes de mortalidad: las infecciones bacterianas, el score de Child-Pügh y creatininemia > 1.5 mg/dl. En el análisis multivariado fueron factores independientes asociados a infección bacteriana la leucocitosis y la encefalopatía hepática grado III/IV. Este estudio confirma que las infecciones bacterianas y no bacterianas son una complicación frecuente y grave en pacientes cirróticos internados, con un aumento de la mortalidad hospitalaria.We evaluated the prevalence and the clinical relevance of bacterial and nonbacterial infections in predominantly alcoholic

Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea: estudio en pacientes cirróticos descompensados con ascitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in decompensated cirrhotic patients with ascites

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Fernando Montoya Maya

1995-02-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo entre febrero de 1993 y marzo de 1994. Se estudiaron 25 pacientes cirróticos (3 de ellos en dos ocasiones con ascitis clínica o ecográfica que ingresaron al servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia, por descompensación de su cuadro clínico. A todos se les practicó paracentesis diagnóstica con estudio de citoquímico, citología y cultivo para bacterias aerobias y anaerobias. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 43.9 años (13 a 77 afíos, 13 fueron mujeres (52% y 12 hombres (48%. En 11 episodios (39.3% se encontró ascitis infectada, así: ascitis bacteriana 6 casos (54.6% (monomicrobiana en tres y polimicrobiana en otros tres; peritonitis bacteriana espontánea 3 casos (27.2% (polimicrobiana en dos y monomicrobiana en uno y ascitis neutrofílica dos casos (18.2%. El 72.7% de los casos con ascitis infectada tuvieron fiebre contra un 23.5% de aquéllos sin infección (p < 0.014. Asimismo, el dolor abdominal fue un síntoma bastante frecuente (45.5% de infección. La ascitis infectada se presentó únicamente en individuos categoría C de la clasificación de Child-Pugh, con niveles séricos de albúmina, generalmente menores de 2 g/dl (p < 0.01. Los niveles de albúmina en líquido ascítico menores de 1 g/dl no se asociaron a la infección del mismo. Los gérmenes prevalentes fueron Escherichia coli y estreptococos del grupo viridans, cada uno aislado en 5 ocasiones. Los aislamientos fueron polimicrobianos en 5 de nueve casos (55.5%. La mortalidad por ascitis infectada fue de 27.3% (3/11 casos comparable con la debida a causas diferentes (29.4% en individuos con ascitis sin infección (5/17. Se concluye que la infección del líquido ascítico es una complicación frecuente en los pacientes cirróticos descompensados. La fiebre y el dolor abdominal son los signos clínicos cardinales de la infección. El aislamiento frecuente de E

Estimativa da incerteza em ensaio de detecção de endotoxina bacteriana pelo método de gelificação Estimation of uncertainty in the detection of bacterial endotoxin by gel-clot method

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Felipe Rebello Lourenço

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Desde a publicação da ISO 17025:1999, o interesse em métodos para estimativa da incerteza em ensaios qualitativos, do tipo "passa/não passa", têm ganho grande importância. Uma forma de estimar e informar a incerteza deste tipo de ensaio é o uso das probabilidades de respostas-falsas, particularmente falsos-positivos e falsos-negativos, determinados a partir do teorema de Bayes. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer um método para a estimativa de incerteza em ensaios de detecção de endotoxina bacteriana pelo método in vitro Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL. Considerando a confirmação da sensibilidade do LAL e a validação do teste, a probabilidade de uma resposta falsa corresponde à soma da probabilidade dos resultados falso-negativos e falso-positivos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi verificado que a etapa da confirmação da sensibilidade do LAL contribui para a incerteza de forma mais significativa (67,6% que a etapa de validação do teste (32,4%. Através de um procedimento simples, descrito neste artigo, e de dados obtidos a partir da confirmação da sensibilidade do LAL e validação do teste para um produto em questão é possível obter uma estimativa de incerteza razoável para o ensaio de detecção de endotoxinas bacterianas pelo método de gelificação.Since the publication of ISO 17025:1999, the interest in methods for estimation of the uncertainty in qualitative analysis, such as 'pass/fail', have became more important. The usual form of estimating and informing the uncertainty in this kind of analysis is the use of false-response rates, particularly false-positive and false-negative, determinated from Bayes theorem. The aim of this paper is establish a method for estimation of the uncertainty in the detection of bacterial endotoxins by in vitro Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL test. Considering the confirmation of LAL sensitivity and the validation of the test, the probability of a false-response corresponds to the

Composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age--sensitive and specific molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is possible?

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Elena Shipitsyna

Full Text Available BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bacterial vaginosis (BV is the most common vaginal disorder, characterized by depletion of the normal lactobacillus-dominant microbiota and overgrowth of commensal anaerobic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age (healthy women and women with BV, with the view of developing molecular criteria for BV diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vaginal samples from 163 women (79 control, 73 BV and 11 intermediate (Lactobacillary grade II flora cases were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene and 16 quantitative bacterial species/genus-specific real-time PCR assays. Sensitivities and specificities of potential BV markers were computed using the Amsel criteria as reference standard for BV. The use of quantitative thresholds for prediction of BV, determined for both relative abundance measured with 454 pyrosequencing and bacterial load measured with qPCR, was evaluated. RESULTS: Relative to the healthy women, the BV patients had in their vaginal microbiota significantly higher prevalence, loads and relative abundances of the majority of BV associated bacteria. However, only Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Eggerthella, Prevotella, BVAB2 and Megasphaera type 1 detected at or above optimal thresholds were highly predictable for BV, with the best diagnostic accuracy shown for A. vaginae. The depletion of Lactobacillus species combined with the presence of either G. vaginalis or A. vaginae at diagnostic levels was a highly accurate BV predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative determination of the presence of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Eggerthella, Prevotella, BVAB2 and Megasphaera type 1 as well as the depletion of Lactobacillus was highly accurate for BV diagnosis. Measurements of abundance of normal and BV microbiota relative to total bacteria in vaginal fluid may provide more accurate BV diagnosis, and be

Bacterial Vaginosis

Science.gov (United States)

... BV may cause: A white vaginal discharge that coats the walls of the vagina Vaginal discharge with ... the infection. The doctor can also order a laboratory analysis using a sample of vaginal secretions to ...

Bacterial Vaginosis

Science.gov (United States)

... federal government website managed by the Office on Women's Health in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201 1-800-994- ...

Relação entre a colonização bacteriana e a frequência, o carácter e a gravidade das agudizações da DPOC

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I.S. Patel

2003-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Uma percentagem significativa de doentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC apresenta colonização bacteriana das vias aéreas inferiores que poderá constituir um importante estímulo inflamatório e assim contribuir para a frequência das agudizações. Este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar a relação entre a colonização bacteriana em doentes estáveis e a frequência das agudizações, o seu carácter e evolução. O estudo prospectivo envolveu 29 doentes com DPOC moderada a grave, em fase estável — definida como ausência de agudização durante pelo menos três semanas. Os doentes efectuaram análise de expectoração, preencheram registos diários de sintomas e de DEMI e reportaram à equipa as situações de agudização. A amostra de expectoração induzida foi sujeita a exame cultural com contagem de colónias e a medição dos níveis de IL-6 e IL-8. A presença de agudização foi definida como o aparecimento ou o aumento durante 2 dias consecutivos de quaisquer 2 critérios major (dispneia; purulência da expectoração; quantidade deexpectoração, ou de 1 critério major associado a 1 minor (corrimento ou congestão nasal; pieira; odinofagia; tosse. Um membro da equipa confirmaria o diagnóstico de agudização num intervalo de 48 horas. RESULTADOS DO ESTUDO: • Durante o período de 18 meses registaram-se 94 agudizações, 4 motivando internamento e 51 justificando o uso de antibioterapia oral. • Registou-se igual número de doentes com agudizações frequentes e infrequentes, conforme número de agudizações superior ou inferior a 2,58 por ano (média anual do total dos doentes. Os dois grupos apresentavam características fisiológicas semelhantes, à excepção da idade ser superior nos oentes com agudizações infrequentes. • Os 29

Eficacia de la aplicación de criterios de bajo riesgo de infección bacteriana severa en recién nacidos febriles

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Manuel Díaz Alvarez

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron 229 recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización en su evaluación inicial, en los cuales se consideró una serie de datos clínicos y de laboratorio, con el objetivo de valorar la efectividad de éstos como medio de predicción negativa de infección bacteriana severa (IBS, y así poder calificar un grupo como de bajo riesgo de IBS, y comparar estos criterios con los de Rochester aplicados a este mismo grupo de pacientes. La evaluación diagnóstica dio un valor predictivo negativo de 98,9 %. Con estos datos se conformó un test de evaluación que permitió calificar eficazmente a un grupo de pacientes como de bajo riesgo de IBS, al presentarse dentro de éstos sólo un caso con IBS, a diferencia de 40 casos en el grupo calificado como de alto riesgo. La comparación de los criterios de Rochester con los del presente trabajo destacó un saldo superior para los nuestros.229 febrile newborns with no signs of focalization in their initial evaluation were studied. A series of clinical and laboratory data was considered with the aim of assessing their effectiveness as a means of negative prediction of serious bacterial infection (SBI, and of qualifying a group as of low risk serious bacterial infection and comparing these criteria with those of Rochester applied to this same group of patients. The diagnostic evaluation showed a negative predictive value of 98,9 %. With these data it was possible to make an evaluation test which allowed the effective qualification of a group of patients as of low risk serious bacterial infection, taking into account that only a case of SBI was found among them, compared with 40 cases detected in the high risk group. On comparing Rochester's criteria with the ones included in the present paper, a higher balance was obtained for ours.

Maternal risk factors for abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy.

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Tibaldi, Cecilia; Cappello, Nazario; Latino, Maria A; Polarolo, Giulia; Masuelli, Giulia; Cavallo, Franco; Benedetto, Chiara

2016-04-01

To determine the prevalence of abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy and associated maternal risk factors. A retrospective study was undertaken of cervicovaginal smears performed on pregnant women at a center in Turin, Italy, between 2000 and 2010. Patients were divided into three groups: women with symptoms of genital infections (G1), asymptomatic women at risk of preterm birth (G2), and asymptomatic women with no risk (G3). Logistic regression models identified variables associated with microorganisms. Among 11 219 samples, 4913 (43.8%) were positive, of which 3783 (77.0%) were positive for a single microorganism. Multivariate analysis for G1 showed positive associations between multiple sexual partners and bacterial vaginosis/Ureaplasma urealyticum, and multiparity with preterm birth and U. urealyticum (Paerobic vaginitis, and North African origin and bacterial vaginosis/U. urealyticum (P<0.05 for all). In G3, there were associations between little education (<8 years) and bacterial vaginosis/U. urealyticum, multiple sexual partners and bacterial vaginosis/U. urealyticum, and bacterial vaginosis and Eastern European origin and not being married (P<0.05 for all). Positive cervicovaginal smears were associated with a particular profile. Testing could be advisable for symptomatic women at any stage of pregnancy, during the first trimester for asymptomatic women at risk of preterm birth, and for some asymptomatic women. Copyright © 2015 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determinación del flujo salivar en niños uruguayos portadores de HIV

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Alvarez L

2011-07-01

Full Text Available La mayoría de niños infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH presentan, dentro de sus primeros signos de enfermedad, manifestaciones orales. Uno de los factores a considerar es la disminución del flujo salival producido por infiltración glandular por el propio virus o como efecto secundario a la toma de medicación antiretroviral. Objetivo: Determinar el flujo salival en niños uruguayos portadores de VIH, que asisten al Centro Nacional de Referencia VIH SIDA del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, (CHPR en Montevideo-Uruguay. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo analítico de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes portadores de VIH que asisten al Centro Nacional de Referencia (CHPR y los pacientes del grupo control eran usuarios del mismo Hospital, con similares condiciones socio-económicas y sanos desde el punto de vista general. Se realizó el recuento de flujo salival. Los niños del grupo de estudio se dividieron a su vez en dos grupos, según su adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral, que era calificada en buena o mala. Se estudiaron también otros parámetros como hipertrofia parotídea y actividad de caries. Resultados: Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niños del grupo de estudio y grupo control en relación a flujo salival (p= 0,0002, independiente de la adherencia al tratamiento antiretroviral.

Comparison of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid with Bacterial Meningitis Score in children.

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Pires, Frederico Ribeiro; Franco, Andréia Christine Bonotto Farias; Gilio, Alfredo Elias; Troster, Eduardo Juan

2017-01-01

To measure the role of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid compared with the Bacterial Meningitis Score in children with meningitis. A retrospective cohort based on analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as meningitis, seen at a private and tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2014. Excluded were patients with critical illness, purpura, ventricular shunt or recent neurosurgery, immunosuppression, concomitant bacterial infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those who received antibiotics 72 hours before lumbar puncture. The study included 503 patients. Sixty-four patients were excluded and 94 were not submitted to all tests for analysis. Of the remaining 345 patients, 7 were in the Bacterial Meningitis Group and 338 in the Aseptic Meningitis Group. There was no statistical difference between the groups. In the Bacterial Meningitis Score analysis, of the 338 patients with possible aseptic meningitis (negative cultures), 121 of them had one or more points in the Bacterial Meningitis Score, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 64.2%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Of the 121 patients with positive Bacterial Meningitis Score, 71% (86 patients) had a positive enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid was effective to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis. When the test was analyzed together with the Bacterial Meningitis Score, specificity was higher when compared to Bacterial Meningitis Score alone. Avaliar o papel da pesquisa de enterovírus no líquido cefalorraquidiano em comparação com o Escore de Meningite Bacteriana em crianças com meningite. Coorte retrospectiva, realizada pela análise de prontuários, incluindo pacientes pediátricos, com diagnóstico de meningite e atendidos em um hospital privado e terciário, localizado em São Paulo, entre 2011 e 2014. Foram excluídos os pacientes com doença crítica, púrpura, deriva

Purification and characterization of enterocin 62-6, a two-peptide bacteriocin produced by a vaginal strain of Enterococcus faecium: Potential significance in bacterial vaginosis

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Dezwaan, Diane C.; Mequio, Michael J.; Littell, Julia S.; Allen, Jonathan P.; Rossbach, Silvia; Pybus, Vivien

2009-01-01

A bacteriocin produced by a vaginal isolate of Enterococcus faecium strain 62-6, designated enterocin 62-6, was characterized following purification and DNA sequence analysis and compared to previously described bacteriocins. Enterocin 62-6 was isolated from brain heart infusion (BHI) culture supernatants using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by elution from a Sepharose cation exchange column using a continuous salt gradient (0.1–0.7 M NaCl). SDS-PAGE of an active column fraction resulted in an electrophoretically pure protein, which corresponded to the growth inhibition of the sensitive Lactobacillus indicator strain in the gel overlay assay. Purified enterocin 62-6 was shown to be heat- and pH-stable, and sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes α-chymotrypsin and pepsin. Results from mass spectrometry suggested that it comprised two peptides of 5206 and 5219±1 Da, which was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The characteristics of enterocin 62-6 as a small, heat- and pH-stable, cationic, hydrophobic, two-peptide, plasmid-borne bacteriocin, with an inhibitory spectrum against a broad range of Gram-positive but not Gram-negative bacteria, were consistent with its classification as a class IIc bacteriocin. Furthermore, its wide spectrum of growth inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria of vaginal origin including lactobacilli, and stability under the acidic conditions of the vagina, are consistent with our hypothesis that it could have potential significance in disrupting the ecology of the vaginal tract and pave the way for the establishment of the abnormal microbiota associated with the vaginal syndrome bacterial vaginosis. This is the first class IIc bacteriocin produced by a strain of E. faecium of vaginal origin to be characterized. PMID:19578555

Longitudinal analysis reveals characteristically high proportions of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota in northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina).

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Zhu, Lin; Lei, Ai-Hua; Zheng, Hong-Yi; Lyu, Long-Bao; Zhang, Zhi-Gang; Zheng, Yong-Tang

2015-09-18

The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.

Mucocele de la glandula submaxilar: a propósito de un caso

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Boneu Bonet, F.; Vidal Homs, Eric; Maizcurrana Tornil, Aránzazu; González Lagunas, J.

2005-01-01

El mucocele es un término que incluye dos conceptos: el quiste de extravasación, que resulta de la ruptura del conducto de la glándula salival y el consiguiente derrame de la mucina en los tejidos blandos que rodean a dicha glándula, y el quiste de retención, que tiene su origen en la disminución o ausencia de la secreción glandular como consecuencia de la obstrucción del conducto de la glándula salival. No se puede considerar al mucocele como un verdadero quiste, ya q...

Influência da freqüência de coitos vaginais e da prática de duchas higiênicas sobre o equilíbrio da microbiota vaginal Influence of frequency of vaginal intercourses and the use of doushing on vaginal microbiota

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Paulo César Giraldo

2005-05-01

relações sexuais semanais apresentaram maior freqüência de vaginose bacteriana e alterações da flora vaginal. O hábito de duchas vaginais não interferiu com o ecossistema vaginal das mulheres estudadas.PURPOSE: to verify if the high frequency of vaginal intercourses and the use of doushing interferes with vaginal microbiota. METHODS: ninety-seven women were examined at a health center located in the prostitution area of the city of Campinas, and evaluated in a prospective cross-sectional study. Anamnesis determined the frequency of vaginal intercourse and the use of douching in the 44 sex professionals and 53 non-professionals studied. The vaginal content was collected with a sterile Dacron swab, from the right vaginal wall, and placed on to two glass laminas. The vaginal microbiota smear stained by the Gram technique was studied with light microcopy using immersion lens and the data were analyzed. The sex professionals and non-professionals presented mean age of 24.9±6.4 and 31.5±9.7, habit of smoking in 52.2 and 24.5%, the use of vaginal lubricants in 56.8 and 0%, and the use of condoms in 100 and 41.5% of the cases, respectively. RESULTS: only 1.8% of the women in the control group had seven or more sexual intercourses per week, contrasting evidently with the sex professionals (97.7%. There were no significant differences regarding race, educational level and number of pregnancies. Bacterial vaginosis and abnormal vaginal flora were more observed in sex professionals (p=0.02 and 0.001 and were associated with the high frequency (seven times or more of weekly vaginal intercourses (p=0.04 and 0.001. Cytolytic vaginosis was more related to non-professionals (p=0.04 and to a lower frequency of sexual intercourses (p=0.04. The use of doushing was more common in the sex professionals (p=0.002. However, this practice was not associated either with the vaginal microbiota problems or with the presence of vulvovaginitis. CONCLUSIONS: sex professionals with seven or

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

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Aldunate, Muriel; Srbinovski, Daniela; Hearps, Anna C.; Latham, Catherine F.; Ramsland, Paul A.; Gugasyan, Raffi; Cone, Richard A.; Tachedjian, Gilda

2015-01-01

Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by vaginal microbiota have reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as biomarkers of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In asymptomatic women of reproductive-age the vaginal microbiota is comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria that are primarily responsible for the production of lactic acid present at ~110 mM and acidifying the vaginal milieu to pH ~3.5. In contrast, bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is characterized by decreased lactic acid-producing microbiota and increased diverse anaerobic bacteria accompanied by an elevated pH>4.5. BV is also characterized by a dramatic loss of lactic acid and greater concentrations of mixed SCFAs including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate. Notably women with lactic acid-producing microbiota have more favorable reproductive and sexual health outcomes compared to women with BV. Regarding the latter, BV is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. In vitro studies demonstrate that lactic acid produced by vaginal microbiota has microbicidal and virucidal activities that may protect against STIs and endogenous opportunistic bacteria as well as immune modulatory properties that require further characterization with regard to their effects on the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, BV-associated SCFAs have far less antimicrobial activity with the potential to contribute to a pro-inflammatory vaginal environment. Here we review the composition of lactic acid and SCFAs in respective states of eubiosis (non-BV) or dysbiosis (BV), their effects on susceptibility to bacterial/viral STIs and whether they have inherent microbicidal/virucidal and immune modulatory properties. We also explore their potential as biomarkers for the presence and/or increased susceptibility to STIs. PMID:26082720

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

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Muriel eAldunate

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs produced by vaginal microbiota have reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as biomarkers of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In asymptomatic women of reproductive-age the vaginal microbiota is comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria that are primarily responsible for the production of lactic acid present at ~110 mM and acidifying the vaginal milieu to pH ~3.5. In contrast, bacterial vaginosis (BV, a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is characterized by decreased lactic acid-producing microbiota and increased diverse anaerobic bacteria accompanied by an elevated pH>4.5. BV is also characterized by a dramatic loss of lactic acid and greater concentrations of mixed SCFAs including acetate, propionate, butyrate and succinate. Notably women with lactic acid-producing microbiota have more favorable reproductive and sexual health outcomes compared to women with BV. Regarding the latter, BV is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs including HIV. In vitro studies demonstrate that lactic acid produced by vaginal microbiota has microbicidal and virucidal activities that may protect against STIs and endogenous opportunistic bacteria as well as immune modulatory properties that require further characterization with regard to their effects on the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, BV-associated SCFAs have far less antimicrobial activity with the potential to contribute to a pro-inflammatory vaginal environment. Here we review the composition of lactic acid and SCFAs in respective states of eubiosis (non-BV or dysbiosis (BV, their effects on susceptibility to bacterial/viral STIs and whether they have inherent microbicidal/virucidal and immune modulatory properties. We also explore their potential as biomarkers for the presence and/or increased susceptibility to STIs.

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis.

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Aldunate, Muriel; Srbinovski, Daniela; Hearps, Anna C; Latham, Catherine F; Ramsland, Paul A; Gugasyan, Raffi; Cone, Richard A; Tachedjian, Gilda

2015-01-01

Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by vaginal microbiota have reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as biomarkers of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In asymptomatic women of reproductive-age the vaginal microbiota is comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria that are primarily responsible for the production of lactic acid present at ~110 mM and acidifying the vaginal milieu to pH ~3.5. In contrast, bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is characterized by decreased lactic acid-producing microbiota and increased diverse anaerobic bacteria accompanied by an elevated pH>4.5. BV is also characterized by a dramatic loss of lactic acid and greater concentrations of mixed SCFAs including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate. Notably women with lactic acid-producing microbiota have more favorable reproductive and sexual health outcomes compared to women with BV. Regarding the latter, BV is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. In vitro studies demonstrate that lactic acid produced by vaginal microbiota has microbicidal and virucidal activities that may protect against STIs and endogenous opportunistic bacteria as well as immune modulatory properties that require further characterization with regard to their effects on the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, BV-associated SCFAs have far less antimicrobial activity with the potential to contribute to a pro-inflammatory vaginal environment. Here we review the composition of lactic acid and SCFAs in respective states of eubiosis (non-BV) or dysbiosis (BV), their effects on susceptibility to bacterial/viral STIs and whether they have inherent microbicidal/virucidal and immune modulatory properties. We also explore their potential as biomarkers for the presence and/or increased susceptibility to STIs.

Microbial Culturomics Broadens Human Vaginal Flora Diversity: Genome Sequence and Description of Prevotella lascolaii sp. nov. Isolated from a Patient with Bacterial Vaginosis.

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Diop, Khoudia; Diop, Awa; Levasseur, Anthony; Mediannikov, Oleg; Robert, Catherine; Armstrong, Nicholas; Couderc, Carine; Bretelle, Florence; Raoult, Didier; Fournier, Pierre-Edouard; Fenollar, Florence

2018-03-01

Microbial culturomics is a new subfield of postgenomic medicine and omics biotechnology application that has broadened our awareness on bacterial diversity of the human microbiome, including the human vaginal flora bacterial diversity. Using culturomics, a new obligate anaerobic Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterium designated strain khD1 T was isolated in the vagina of a patient with bacterial vaginosis and characterized using taxonogenomics. The most abundant cellular fatty acids were C 15:0 anteiso (36%), C 16:0 (19%), and C 15:0 iso (10%). Based on an analysis of the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain khD1 T exhibited 90% sequence similarity with Prevotella loescheii, the phylogenetically closest validated Prevotella species. With 3,763,057 bp length, the genome of strain khD1 T contained (mol%) 48.7 G + C and 3248 predicted genes, including 3194 protein-coding and 54 RNA genes. Given the phenotypical and biochemical characteristic results as well as genome sequencing, strain khD1 T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, for which the name Prevotella lascolaii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is khD1 T ( = CSUR P0109, = DSM 101754). These results show that microbial culturomics greatly improves the characterization of the human microbiome repertoire by isolating potential putative new species. Further studies will certainly clarify the microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis of these new microbes and their role in health and disease. Microbial culturomics is an important new addition to the diagnostic medicine toolbox and warrants attention in future medical, global health, and integrative biology postgraduate teaching curricula.

Inmunidad bucal en la primera infancia

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Enrique Rotemberg Wilf

Full Text Available La aparición precoz de enfermedades bucales infecciosas y transmisibles en niños, como caries dentales y enfermedad periodontal, resulta de un desequilibrio entre los mecanismos defensivos del huésped y la virulencia de microorganismos presentes en el medio bucal, a favor de estos últimos. La erupción dentaria que comienza desde el primer año de vida brinda nuevos hábitat a las bacterias en el medio bucal como la superficie del esmalte dental y el surco gingival en el paradencio de inserción dentaria, propicios para el desarrollo de especies bacterianas cariogénicas y/o paradenciopáticas. Este desarrollo es favorecido por condiciones adversas como dieta rica en azúcares fermentables, higiene bucal deficitaria, malposiciones dentarias, escasa secreción salival, hábitos prolongados nocivos como succión no nutritiva, respiración bucal, masticación mínima por ingesta de alimentos que casi no requieren procesamiento para ser deglutidos. Es prioritario controlar los circuitos de infectividad bucal, especialmente durante la primera infancia, cuando el sistema inmune del niño aún está inmaduro y comienza a tomar contacto con antígenos. La madre por el estrecho vínculo físico con su hijo resulta el principal transmisor de gérmenes, sumado a la fase de reconocimiento oral del niño de su propio cuerpo y el entorno. Pese a ello el niño cuenta desde el nacimiento con mecanismos de defensa innatos y otros adquiridos pasivamente en la gestación y a través de la lactancia materna, que dificultan el desarrollo de enfermedades infecciosas bucales y sistémicas

Atividade enzimática e perfil da comunidade bacteriana em solo submetido à solarização e biofumigação Enzymatic activity and bacterial community profile in soil under solarization e biofumigation

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Samuel Ribeiro Passos

2008-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo, por meio da atividade da enzima beta-glicosidase e do perfil do 16S rDNA, determinado com PCR-DGGE. A solarização do solo, com cobertura de plástico, foi feita por períodos de dois, quatro e seis meses, e a biofumigação foi realizada pela incorporação de 2 e 5% (v/v de cama-de-frango ao solo. Logo após a retirada da cobertura de plástico e aos 30 dias após a remoção, a atividade da beta-glicosidase foi menor em relação ao tratamento não solarizado. Aos 60 dias, não foram mais observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de cama-de-frango a 5% estimulou a atividade da beta-glicosidase. O perfil da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi influenciado pelo tempo de solarização, independentemente da época da retirada da cobertura de plástico. Não foi observado efeito da adição de cama-de-frango ao solo, no perfil da comunidade. A solarização afeta a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas esses efeitos não são mais detectáveis após 60 dias da retirada da cobertura de plástico, diferentemente do que foi observado em relação à estrutura da comunidade bacteriana por PCR-DGGE. A biofumigação estimula a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas não afeta o perfil da comunidade microbiana.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of solarization and biofumigation on the soil microbial communities, by means of beta-glucosidase activity and 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analyses. Solarization with a plastic covering of the soil took place over two, four and six months, and the soils were biofumigated by the addition of 2 and 5% (v/v of chicken litter to the soil. Right after the plastic cover removal and after 30 days, beta-glucosidase was lower than in the nonsolarizated control. After 60 days, there were no longer significant differences in beta-glucosidase activity between treatments. The addition

Composition of the Vaginal Microbiota in Women of Reproductive Age – Sensitive and Specific Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis Is Possible?

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Shipitsyna, Elena; Roos, Annika; Datcu, Raluca; Hallén, Anders; Fredlund, Hans; Jensen, Jørgen S.; Engstrand, Lars; Unemo, Magnus

2013-01-01

Background and Objective Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder, characterized by depletion of the normal lactobacillus-dominant microbiota and overgrowth of commensal anaerobic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age (healthy women and women with BV), with the view of developing molecular criteria for BV diagnosis. Materials and Methods Vaginal samples from 163 women (79 control, 73 BV and 11 intermediate (Lactobacillary grade II flora) cases) were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing of the hypervariable regions V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene and 16 quantitative bacterial species/genus-specific real-time PCR assays. Sensitivities and specificities of potential BV markers were computed using the Amsel criteria as reference standard for BV. The use of quantitative thresholds for prediction of BV, determined for both relative abundance measured with 454 pyrosequencing and bacterial load measured with qPCR, was evaluated. Results Relative to the healthy women, the BV patients had in their vaginal microbiota significantly higher prevalence, loads and relative abundances of the majority of BV associated bacteria. However, only Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Eggerthella, Prevotella, BVAB2 and Megasphaera type 1 detected at or above optimal thresholds were highly predictable for BV, with the best diagnostic accuracy shown for A. vaginae. The depletion of Lactobacillus species combined with the presence of either G. vaginalis or A. vaginae at diagnostic levels was a highly accurate BV predictor. Conclusions Quantitative determination of the presence of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Eggerthella, Prevotella, BVAB2 and Megasphaera type 1 as well as the depletion of Lactobacillus was highly accurate for BV diagnosis. Measurements of abundance of normal and BV microbiota relative to total bacteria in vaginal fluid may provide more accurate BV diagnosis, and be used for test

Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

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Heczko, Piotr B; Tomusiak, Anna; Adamski, Paweł; Jakimiuk, Artur J; Stefański, Grzegorz; Mikołajczyk-Cichońska, Aleksandra; Suda-Szczurek, Magdalena; Strus, Magdalena

2015-12-03

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine whether the use of oral probiotic preparation (prOVag®) containing three Lactobacillus strains together with standard metronidazole treatment and also targeted antibiotic treatment (following the failure of metronidazole therapy) could reduce the recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV). Patients at private gynaecological clinics in Poland with histories of recurrent BV/AV and current symptoms were randomly allocated to receive metronidazole and probiotic or placebo, and assessed monthly on visits II and III-V. The total number of study visits was 5-6 (I, II, II bis - if applicable, III, IV, V). One probiotic or placebo capsule was administered with metronidazole/targeted antibiotic twice daily for 10 days; during follow up, patients took one capsule daily for 10 days perimenstrually. Clinical examination and vaginal swabbing were performed at each visit. Primary outcomes were clinical or microbiological BV/AV recurrence and probiotic safety. Secondary outcomes were vaginal pH, Nugent score, and Lactobacillus counts in the vaginal microbiota. Safety analysis was performed in 578 (probiotic, n = 285; placebo, n = 293) 18-50-year-old women who were randomised. BV/AV was confirmed microbiologically in 241 (probiotic, n = 118; placebo, n = 123) participants, who continued the trial. Data from 154 (probiotic, n = 73; placebo, n = 81) participants who completed the study were analysed to determine the efficacy of prOVag. Additional analyses included 37 (probiotic, n = 22; placebo, n = 15) participants who received targeted antibiotics and probiotics or placebo. prOVag lengthened the time to clinical relapse of BV/AV symptoms up to 51 % (p vaginal pH and Nugent score, and increased vaginal Lactobacillus counts following standard treatment. This study demonstrated that oral probiotics lengthened remission in

ADN bacteriano en pacientes con cirrosis y ascitis estéril: Papel como marcador de translocación bacteriana y herramienta pronóstica Bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis ans sterile ascites: Its role as a marker of bacterial translocation and prognosis tool

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J. M. González-Navajas

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Durante la última década hemos presenciado un aumento de la cantidad de datos relativos a la presencia de translocación bacteriana en los modelos experimentales de cirrosis. Sin embargo, los estudios clínicos se han visto limitados por la falta de métodos no invasivos para estudiar dicho fenómeno. En los últimos años, las investigaciones realizadas en nuestro laboratorio se han centrado en la detección del ADN bacteriano en el suero y el líquido ascítico de los pacientes con cirrosis y ascitis estéril, y en las implicaciones clínicas que ello conlleva. Al principio, gracias a un método basado en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR y el secuenciamiento automatizado de nucleótidos, pudimos detectar e identificar la presencia de fragmentos de ADN bacteriano en dichos pacientes con ascitis no neutrocítica y con cultivo negativo. Desde entonces hemos acumulado una serie de datos que indican que la presencia de ADN bacteriano podría desempeñar un papel importante no sólo como marcador de translocación bacteriana, sino también como factor pronóstico a corto plazo. Expondremos aquí el pasado, el presente y el futuro de esta línea de investigación.During the last decade, we have witnessed an increase in the amount of data related with the presence of bacterial translocation in experimental models of cirrhosis. However, clinical studies have been limited by the lack of non-invasive methods to study this phenomenon. Over the past years, the research developed in our laboratory has been focused on the detection of bacterial DNA in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis and sterile ascites, the clinical and immunological implications of such finding. Initially, by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR-based method and automated nucleotide sequencing, we were able to detect and identify the presence of fragments of bacterial DNA in the mentioned patients with culture-negative, non-neutrocytic ascites. Since

Epidemiological profile of acute bacterial meningitis in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Perfil epidemiológico da meningite bacteriana aguda no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

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Wallace Andrino da Silva

2010-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM remains a public health problem in Brazil. To evaluate the epidemiology of ABM cases at Giselda Trigueiro Hospital, Rio Grande do Norte, a descriptive retrospective survey was conducted covering 2005 to 2008. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the epidemiology department of the hospital and analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 168 ABM cases, 24.4%, 10.7%, and 2.4% were, respectively, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenza b, and 5.4% by other bacteria. The mean age was 22.48 ± 18.7 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main causative pathogen in the young urban population.INTRODUÇÃO: Meningite bacteriana aguda (MBA permanece um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Para avaliar a epidemiologia da MBA atendida no Hospital Giselda Trigueiro, Rio Grande do Norte, um estudo retrospectivo-descritivo foi realizado de 2005 a 2008. MÉTODOS: Dados clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados do departamento de epidemiologia hospitalar e analisados. RESULTADOS: Dos 168 casos de MBA, 24,4%, 10,7% e 2,4% foram, respectivamente, causados por Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis e Haemophilus influenzae b e 5,4% por outras bactérias. A média da idade foi 22,48 ± 18,7 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Streptococcus pneumoniae foi o principal patógeno causador na população urbana jovem.

Adequação da contagem de células somáticas e da contagem bacteriana total em leite cru refrigerado aos parâmetros da legislação

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G.A. Bozo

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi adequar a qualidade do leite cru refrigerado de cinco propriedades leiteiras aos parâmetros microbiológicos e de contagem de células somáticas (CCS estabelecidos pela legislação estadual do Paraná. As propriedades leiteiras estudadas foram monitoradas durante sete meses após a implantação de boas práticas de ordenha e de recomendações quanto ao tratamento de mastites e à manutenção e higienização de equipamentos de ordenha. Antes da adoção das recomendações, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT média era de 1,36 x 10(6UFC/mL e a CCS média, de 1,87 x 10(6/mL. Todas as propriedades atingiram os padrões estabelecidos para CBT, com redução média de 93,4%. A redução de CCS foi, em média, 74,3%. Apenas três propriedades atingiram os valores estabelecidos para CCS. As demais atingiram valores muito próximos ao limite. A adequação aos padrões de CBT e CCS gerou aumento na renda mensal, em razão do pagamento por qualidade do produto, entre R$120,00 e R$828,00, de acordo com a produção de cada propriedade.

Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Reproductive-Age Women in India

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Rathod, Sujit D.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Krupp, Karl; Reingold, Arthur L.; Madhivanan, Purnima

2012-01-01

Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching, and is associated with considerable health and economic costs. Materials and Methods. We examined the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among a cohort of 898 women in south India. Participants completed three study visits over six months, comprised of a structured interview and a pelvic examination. Results. The positive predictive values for diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis using individual signs or symptoms were low (candidiasis. Women clinically diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis had a higher prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (Prevalence 12%, 95% CI 8.2, 15.8) compared to women assessed to be negative for bacterial vaginosis (Prevalence 6.5%, 95% 5.3, 7.6); however, differences in the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not observed by the presence or absence of laboratory-confirmed bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions. For correct diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, laboratory confirmation of infection with Candida is necessary as well as assessment of whether the discharge has been caused by bacterial vaginosis. Studies are needed of women infected with Candida yeast species to determine the risk factors for yeast's overgrowth. PMID:23118494

OXIDACIÓN DEL ARSÉNICO REGULADA POR UN SISTEMA BACTERIANO DE DOS COMPONENTES

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Pacheco González G

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El arsénico es un metaloide tóxico, ampliamente distribuido en ambientes terrestres y acuáticos. La biotransformación bacteriana juega un rol importante en el ciclo biogeoquímico de este metaloide, interviniendo en su movilidad, distribución y biodisponibilidad. Los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a arsénico, se encuentran asociados a determinantes genéticos, que les otorgan la capacidad de realizar principalmente transformaciones de oxidación y/o reducción. En esta revisión, se describe el mecanismo de resistencia bacteriana al arsénico por la Arsenito oxidasa (AOX y el control transcripcional mediado por un sistema de dos componentes (aoxSR, que regulan la expresión de genes clave implicados en la oxidación de arsenito (AsIII

Effects of structural injure in the bile bacterial contamination after balloon transduodenal sphincteroplasty (papillary dilation in dogs Efeitos da lesão estrutural na contaminação bacteriana biliar após a esfincteroplastia transduodenal (dilatação papilar em cães

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Martin Zavadinack Netto

2006-10-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate, in dogs, the biliary sphincter subjected to dilation by hydrostatic balloon by the point of view of structural alterations of the papilla and the biochemestry and bacterial contamination of the bile. METHODS: Twenty dogs were submitted to laparotomy, duodenotomy, and enlargement of the major duodenal papilla- GA(n=10 - with balloon of 8mm inflated with pressure of 0,5atm, during 2 minutes or to the sham procedure - GB(n=10. Blood samples collected on times t(0day, t(7days and t(28days were subjected to dosages of alkaline phosphatase (ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT for cholestasis evaluation. The collected material from the gall bladder at the same times were registered and numbered to be submitted to culture in BHI, blood agar (rich, non-selective element and Mac Conkey (selective element for Gram-negative bacillus. On the 28th day three fragments of the papilla were tranversally cut by the choledoc axis 3mm from the duodenal papilla and the cuts, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's tricome, were evaluated according to their inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: The GGT and ALP averages on the three periods in the groups A and B did not show significant differences, not being characterizes the cholestasis. The bacterian contamination was significantly higher in GA (2,19 than in GB (1,96; the contamination was lower in the initial time compared with 7 and 28 days (t0OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em cães, a papila duodenal maior submetida à dilatação por balão hidrostático sob o ponto de vista das alterações estruturais da papila e da bioquímica e contaminação bacteriana da bile. MÉTODOS: Vinte cães foram submetidos a laparotomia, duodenotomia, dilatação da papila maior GA (n=10 - com balão de 8mm insuflado com pressão de 0,5atm, durante 2 minutos ou ao procedimento simulado - GB(n=10. Amostras de sangue coletadas nos tempos t(0dia, t(7dias e t(28dias foram submetidas às dosagens da fosfatase alcalina (FA e

Actividad inhibitoria de dihidroxifenilpropenona sobre β-lactamasa de Enterobacter cloacae: estudio preliminar en el desarrollo de fármacos para enfrentar la resistencia bacteriana

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Cristina Lucía Mora

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Microorganismos patógenos como Enterobacter cloacae producen enzimas β-lactamasas que les confieren resistencia a los antibioticos β-lactámicos y actualmente se ha identificado la actividad limitada de los inhibidores enzimáticos, de modo que las únicas posibilidades para enfrentar la problemática son el diseño de nuevos fármacos y el uso racional de los mismos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la chalcona dihidroxifenilpropenona sobre un aislamiento clínico de E. cloacae y sobre la enzima β-lactamasa aislada a partir de este microorganismo resistente como un aporte hacia la búsqueda de compuestos inhibidores de β-lactamasa. Materiales y métodos. Se sintetizó la chalcona dihidroxifenilpropenona y se evaluó sobre el aislamiento clínico de E. cloacae para determinar la concentración mínima inhibitoria mediante el método de microdilución en caldo y con la β-lactamasa purificada mediante cromatografía de afinidad se realizaron estudios espectrofotométricos de cinética enzimática. Resultados. La concentración mínima inhibitoria de la dihidroxifenilpropenona sobre E. cloacae fue de 35 μg/ml, el porcentaje de recuperación de la enzima β-lactamasa a partir del microorganismo fue de 31,75% y en el estudio cinético se evidenció actividad inhibitoria de acuerdo con los parámetros cinéticos de Vmax= 1,7 x 10-3 μM/min y KM´= 2330 μM. Conclusión. La chalcona dihidroxifenilpropenona ejerce su actividad inhibitoria a través de la interacción con la enzima β-lactamasa y de esta manera protege la integridad estructural de los antibióticos β-lactámicos, este efecto sinérgico lo convierte en un compuesto promisorio en la búsqueda de alternativas para enfrentar la problemática de resistencia bacteriana.

Genética y genómica enfocadas en el estudio de la resistencia bacteriana Genetics and Genomics for the study of bacterial resistance

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Ulises Garza-Ramos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La resistencia bacteriana es un problema de salud pública causante de índices elevados de morbi-mortalidad hospitalaria. En la medida en que se usan los diferentes antibióticos se seleccionan bacterias resistentes a múltiples fármacos. El desarrollo de nuevas herramientas moleculares de la genómica y proteómica, como el PCR en tiempo real, pirosecuenciación de ADN, espectrometría de masas, microarreglos de ADN y bioinformática, permite conocer en forma más estrecha la fisiología y estructura de las bacterias y los mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos. Estos estudios hacen posible identificar nuevos blancos farmacológicos y diseñar antibióticos específicos para suministrar tratamientos más certeros que combatan las infecciones producidas por bacterias. Con estas técnicas también es posible la identificación rápida de los genes que confieren la resistencia a los antibióticos y el reconocimiento de las estructuras genéticas complejas como los integrones, que intervienen en la diseminación de los genes que producen la multirresistencia.Bacterial resistance is a public health problem causing high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. To the extent that different antibiotics are used, bacteria resistant to multiple drugs are selected. The development of new molecular genomic and proteomic tools such as real-time PCR, DNA pyrosequencing, mass spectrometry, DNA microarrays, and bioinformatics allow for more in-depth knowledge about the physiology and structure of bacteria and mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance. These studies identify new targets for drugs and design specific antibiotics to provide more accurate treatments to combat infections caused by bacteria. Using these techniques, it will also be possible to rapidly identify genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, and to identify complex genetic structures, such as integrons that are involved in the spread of genes that confer

Acizzia solanicola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) probing behaviour on two Solanum spp. and implications for possible pathogen spread

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Valenzuela, Isabel; Trebicki, Piotr; Powell, Kevin S.; Vereijssen, Jessica; Norng, Sorn

2017-01-01

Piercing-sucking insects are vectors of plant pathogens, and an understanding of their feeding behaviour is crucial for studies on insect population dynamics and pathogen spread. This study examines probing behaviour of the eggplant psyllid, Acizzia solanicola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, on two widespread and common hosts: eggplant (Solanum melongena) and tobacco bush (S. mauritianum). Six EPG waveforms were observed: waveform NP (non-probing phase), waveform C (pathway phase), G (feeding activities in xylem tissues), D (first contact with phloem tissues), E1 (salivation in the sieve elements) and E2 (ingestion from phloem tissues). Results showed that A. solanicola is predominantly a phloem feeder and time spent in salivation and ingestion phases (E1 and E2) differed between hosts. Feeding was enhanced on eggplant compared to tobacco bush which showed some degree of resistance, as evidenced by shorter periods of phloem ingestion, a higher propensity to return to the pathway phase once in the sieve elements and higher number of salivation events on tobacco bush. We discuss how prolonged phloem feeding could indicate the potential for A. solanicola to become an important pest of eggplant and potential pathogen vector. PMID:28575085

Mucocele de la glandula submaxilar: a propósito de un caso

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Boneu Bonet, Fernando; Vidal Homs, Enric; Maizcurrana Tornil, Aránzazu; González Lagunas, Javier

2005-01-01

El mucocele es un término que incluye dos conceptos: el quiste de extravasación, que resulta de la ruptura del conducto de la glándula salival y el consiguiente derrame de la mucina en los tejidos blandos que rodean a dicha glándula, y el quiste de retención, que tiene su origen en la disminución o ausencia de la secreción glandular como consecuencia de la obstrucción del conducto de la glándula salival. No se puede considerar al mucocele como un verdadero quiste, ya que su pared carece de re...

Concentración de anticuerpos contra proteínas de las glándulas salivales de Aedes aegypti e historia de la exposición al virus del dengue en residentes de una zona endémica colombiana

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Berlin Londoño-Rentería

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Las proteínas salivales de los mosquitos son capaces de inducir la producción de anticuerpos, lo que a su vez refleja el grado de contacto hombre-vector. Además, los anticuerpos IgG contra el virus del dengue son indicadores de una exposición previa a este virus. El riesgo de transmisión del virus del dengue está asociado no solo con factores relacionados con la biología del mosquito, o factores virales, sino también, con factores socioeconómicos, como la disponibilidad de agua en el hogar, que pueden desempeñar un papel importante durante la temporada epidémica. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la presencia de mosquitos Aedes aegypti en las casas y la exposición previa al virus del dengue, sobre los niveles de anticuerpos contra mosquitos en el contacto humano-vector en habitantes de un área endémica de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio piloto de 58 casas y 55 participantes en Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se empleó un cuestionario para recopilar la información sobre los factores socioeconómicos y se examinaron las casas para detectar la presencia de sitios de cría de Ae. aegypti. Se recolectó una muestra de sangre humana total en papel de filtro y se estableció el nivel de anticuerpos IgG contra el virus del dengue, además del de los anticuerpos IgG e IgM anti-Ae. aegypti de extracto de glándula salival mediante ELISA. Resultados. Los resultados revelaron un mayor nivel de anticuerpos IgG de extracto de glándula salival en sujetos que vivían en casas con presencia de mosquitos Ae. aegypti en la fase acuática. Asimismo, se encontró una mayor concentración de anticuerpos IgG de extracto de glándula salival en personas previamente expuestas al virus del dengue. Los resultados evidenciaron una correlación positiva significativa entre los niveles de IgM de extracto de glándula salival y los de IgG anti-virus del dengue de extracto de glándula salival, y una correlación negativa con

Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis.

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Amaya-Guio, Jairo; Viveros-Carreño, David Andres; Sierra-Barrios, Eloisa Mercedes; Martinez-Velasquez, Mercy Yolima; Grillo-Ardila, Carlos F

2016-10-01

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection that has a prevalence between 10% to 50% worlwide. BV results in an imbalance of the normal vaginal flora. Microorganisms associated with BV have been isolated from the normal flora of the male genital tract, and their presence could be related to the recurrence of BV after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the treatment of sexual partners could decrease the recurrence of infection and possibly the burden of the disease. To assess the effectiveness in women and the safety in men of concurrent antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women treated for BV. We searched the Cochrane Sexually Transmitted Infections Group Specialized Register (23 July 2016), CENTRAL (1991 to 23 July 2016), MEDLINE (1946 to 23 July 2016), Embase (1974 to 23 July 2016), LILACS (1982 to 23 July 2016), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (23 July 2016), ClinicalTrials.gov (23 July 2016) and the Web of Science™ (2001 to 23 July 2016). We also handsearched conference proceedings, contacted trial authors and reviewed the reference lists of retrieved studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the concurrent use of any antibiotic treatment with placebo, no intervention or any other intervention by the sexual partners of women treated for BV. Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. We resolved any disagreements through consensus. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Seven RCTs (1026 participants) met our inclusion criteria, and pharmaceutical industry funded four of these trials. Five trials (854 patients) compared any antibiotic treatment of sexual partners with placebo. Based on high quality evidence, antibiotic treatment does not increase the rate of clinical or symptomatic improvement in women during the first week (risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence

Efficacy of oral metronidazole with vaginal clindamycin or vaginal probiotic for bacterial vaginosis: randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial.

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Catriona S Bradshaw

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: To determine if oral metronidazole (MTZ-400 mg bid with 2% vaginal clindamycin-cream (Clind or a Lactobacillus acidophilus vaginal-probiotic containing oestriol (Prob reduces 6-month bacterial vaginosis (BV recurrence. METHODS: Double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group single-site study with balanced randomization (1:1:1 conducted at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia. Participants with symptomatic BV [Nugent Score (NS = 7-10 or ≥3 Amsel's criteria and NS = 4-10], were randomly allocated to MTZ-Clind, MTZ-Prob or MTZ-Placebo and assessed at 1,2,3 and 6 months. MTZ and Clind were administered for 7 days and Prob and Placebo for 12 days. Primary outcome was BV recurrence (NS of 7-10 on self-collected vaginal-swabs over 6-months. Cumulative BV recurrence rates were compared between groups by Chi-squared statistics. Kaplan-Meier, log rank and Cox regression analyses were used to compare time until and risk of BV recurrence between groups. RESULTS: 450 18-50 year old females were randomized and 408 (91%, equally distributed between groups, provided ≥1 NS post-randomization and were included in analyses; 42 (9% participants with no post-randomization data were excluded. Six-month retention rates were 78% (n = 351. One-month BV recurrence (NS 7-10 rates were 3.6% (5/140, 6.8% (9/133 and 9.6% (13/135 in the MTZ-Clind, MTZ-Prob and MTZ-Placebo groups respectively, p = 0.13. Hazard ratios (HR for BV recurrence at one-month, adjusted for adherence to vaginal therapy, were 0.43 (95%CI 0.15-1.22 and 0.75 (95% CI 0.32-1.76 in the MTZ-Clind and MTZ-Prob groups compared to MTZ-Plac respectively. Cumulative 6-month BV recurrence was 28.2%; (95%CI 24.0-32.7% with no difference between groups, p = 0.82; HRs for 6-month BV recurrence for MTZ-Clind and MTZ-Prob compared to MTZ-Plac, adjusted for adherence to vaginal therapy were 1.09(95% CI = 0.70-1.70 and 1.03(95% CI = 0.65-1.63, respectively. No serious

Natural sources against veterinary pathogens: evaluation of the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activity of wheat bran

OpenAIRE

González Ortiz, Gemma

2013-01-01

La búsqueda de fuentes naturales podría ser una alternativa viable para prevenir o tratar infecciones bacterianas, así mejorando la salud de los animales y obteniendo productos de origen animal más seguros. Esta Tesis se elaboró con el objetivo de evaluar la capacidad de reducir la adhesión bacteriana, en concreto de Escherichia coli enterotoxigénica (ETEC) K88 por parte de diferentes fuentes naturales, para prevenir colibacilosis en lechones. Las fuentes naturales seleccionadas consistieron ...

Effect of lyophilized lactobacilli and 0.03 mg estriol (Gynoflor®) on vaginitis and vaginosis with disrupted vaginal microflora: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, active-controlled pilot study.

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Donders, G G G; Van Bulck, B; Van de Walle, P; Kaiser, R R; Pohlig, G; Gonser, S; Graf, F

2010-01-01

To evaluate the efficacy of lyophilized lactobacilli in combination with 0.03 mg estriol when compared to metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginal infections. Multicenter, randomized, single-blind, active-controlled pilot study in 3 independent gynecological practices in Belgium. Forty-six, 18- to 50-year-old premenopausal women with a disrupted vaginal flora due to a bacterial vaginal infection (bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis) were included, provided that fresh phase-contrast microscopy of the vaginal fluid showed lactobacillary flora grade 2B or 3. Patients were given a blinded box with either 12 vaginal tablets of Gynoflor® (study medication) or 6 vaginal suppositories containing 500 mg metronidazole (control medication). Eight efficacy variables were studied to assess the status of the vaginal flora at entry, 3-7 days (control 1), 4-6 (control 2) weeks and 4 months after the end of therapy. At control 1, the combined variables equally improved in the lactobacilli group as in the metronidazole group. At control 2, the lactobacillus preparation showed slightly inferior results when compared to metronidazole. At 4 months, this analysis could not be performed due to low numbers, but analysis of recurrence rate and extra medication needed was not different between both groups. Lyophilized lactobacilli in combination with low-dose estriol are equivalent to metronidazole in the short-term treatment of bacterial vaginal infections, but have less effect after 1 month. Further studies are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of lactobacilli when applied repeatedly. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Reactivity to television food commercials in overweight and lean adults: Physiological, cognitive and behavioural responses.

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Boyland, Emma J; Burgon, Rachel H; Hardman, Charlotte A

2017-08-01

Recent evidence indicates that acute exposure to food advertising increases food intake. However, little research to date has explored the potential mechanisms underpinning this, such as the extent to which food commercials elicit conditioned physiological responses (e.g. increased salivation). The aim of the current study was to examine salivary, cognitive and consumptive responses to televised food commercials in overweight (N=26) and lean (N=29) adult females. Participants attended two laboratory sessions in a counterbalanced order; in one session they viewed a television show with embedded commercials for unhealthy foods, and in the other session they viewed the same show with non-food commercials. In both conditions, following viewing participants were exposed to an in vivo food cue (freshly cooked pizza) which they were then invited to eat ad libitum. Salivation was measured at baseline, during commercial exposure, and during in vivo exposure. Participants also self-reported components of appetite on visual analogue scales and completed a word stem task. Results indicated little evidence of increased salivary reactivity to the food commercials. In both conditions, lean participants showed reliable salivary responses to the in vivo food cue. In contrast, overweight participants only showed increased salivation to the in vivo cue in the food commercials condition. Food commercial exposure did not increase the number of food-related cognitions or amount of food consumed, but did drive a greater increase in desire to eat prior to pizza consumption than exposure to the control commercials. Exposure to food advertising primes eating-related motivations, and while it may not be associated with increased intake or salivation per se, non-food commercials may attenuate subsequent physiological responses to actual food cues in overweight individuals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Prevalence of associated microorganisms in genital discharge, Argentina].

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Di Bartolomeo, Susana; Rodriguez Fermepin, Marcelo; Sauka, Diego H; Alberto de Torres, Ramón

2002-10-01

There was a significant increase in the number of women demanding gynecological care in public hospital of the Great Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1997 and 1998. It was necessary to update the prevalence of associated microorganisms in order to review the laboratory support and adjust prevention and control guidelines. Samples from vaginal and endocervical discharge, from total cases: 84 adolescents (15 to 19 years) and 784 adults (20-60 years) attended in 1997-1998, were studied. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp, and bacterial vaginosis, were diagnosed applying direct detection methods and specific culture isolation. Chlamydia trachomatis (antigen detection), Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis (culture) were also studied in part of the population. Patient care increased steadily from 1997 and there was an increase of 2.1 times from the first semester to the last one in 1998. Bacterial vaginosis was the most prevalent disease in the adult group, with 23.8%; followed by Candida spp 17.8%; S. agalactiae 5.6%; T.vaginalis 2.4%. In 50.3% of total adult cases neither bacterial vaginosis or presence of any sought microorganisms, was detected. In the adolescents group the most frequent detection was Candida spp with a 29.7%; bacterial vaginosis in 17.8%; followed by S. agalactiae 3.6%, T.vaginalis 2.4%. Also in this group on an important number of cases, 46.4%, none bacterial vaginosis or the presence of the sought microorganism were found. In some of the adult group, C. trachomatis (7/400) 1.76%, U. urealyticum (209/340) 61.4% and M. hominis (45/272) 16.5% were detected. Bacterial vaginosis and Candida spp prevalence is important in both groups. The absence of N. gonorrhoeae and lower prevalence of T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis is remarkable. A high prevalence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis were also detected, but the actual pathogenic role in adult women is still under discussion. The significant

Salivary habituation to food stimuli in successful weight loss maintainers, obese and normal-weight adults

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Bond, DS; Raynor, HA; McCaffery, JM; Wing, RR

2017-01-01

Objective Research shows that slower habituation of salivary responses to food stimuli is related to greater energy intake and that obese (Ob) individuals habituate slower than those of normal weight (NW). No study has examined habituation rates in weight loss maintainers (WLMs) who have reduced from obese to normal weight, relative to those who are Ob or NW. Design Salivation to two baseline water trials and 10 lemon-flavored lollipop trials were studied in 14 WLMs, 15 Ob and 18 NW individuals comparable in age, gender and ethnicity. Linear mixed models were used to compare WLMs with Ob and NW groups. Results Salivation in the WLM and NW groups decreased significantly (for both P <0.005) across trials, indicative of habituation. Salivary responses in the Ob group did not habituate (P=0.46). When compared with Ob group, WLMs showed a quicker reduction in salivation (P<0.05). WLM and NW groups did not differ in habituation rate (P=0.49). Conclusions WLMs have habituation rates that are comparable to NW individuals without previous history of obesity, and show quicker habituation than those who are currently obese. These results suggest that physiological responses to food may ‘normalize’ with successful weight loss maintenance. PMID:20010900

Evaluación del nivel de contaminación de superficies y la eficacia de productos desinfectantes a corto y largo plazo. Nuevos métodos

OpenAIRE

Ríos Castillo, Abel Guillermo

2013-01-01

La prevención de la contaminación bacteriana desde las superficies en los ambientes de elaboración de alimentos, industrias de este sector y ambientes domésticos, requiere de productos desinfectantes que sean efectivos frente a distintas especies microbianas, que sean seguros durante su empleo y que tengan acción bactericida residual para proteger a las superficies de la adhesión bacteriana. Asimismo, el empleo de superficies con propiedades antibacterianas que inhiban la formación de biofilm...

Valoración de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable ácido zoledrónico mediante la prueba de lisado del amebocito de Limulus Assessment of bacterial endotoxins in Zoledronic acid injectable drug by using Limulus amebocyte lysate test

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Nancy Burguet Lago

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: valorar las endotoxinas bacterianas por la técnica del lisado del amebocito de Limulus para el producto inyectable ácido zoledrónico, por el método de gelificación. Métodos: el ensayo se realizó mediante dos pruebas: 1 confirmación de la sensibilidad del lisado etiquetado, para lo cual se preparó una curva estándar con diluciones seriadas dobles de endotoxina por cuadruplicado; y 2 el ensayo del producto de inhibición, en el que se prepararon diluciones seriadas dobles de endotoxina con agua apirogénica y con las muestras de los lotes a ensayar sin sobrepasar la máxima dilución válida. Se determinó el punto final y se calculó la media geométrica. Se definió la dilución de trabajo, la cual se validó por cuadruplicado en tres lotes consecutivos. Resultados: la sensibilidad del lisado resultó 0,03125 UE/mL. La máxima dilución válida fue de 112 UE/mL y la dilución de trabajo 1/100. La cantidad de endotoxinas bacterianas presentes en tres lotes del producto inyectable no sobrepasó el límite establecido, por lo que cumplió con las especificaciones de calidad establecidas para el ensayo. Conclusión: la estandarización de las condiciones del método por gelificación, hace que este resulte eficaz, confiable, rápido y de fácil ejecución, por lo que puede emplearse como ensayo de rutina en el control de la calidad del inyectable analizado.Objective: To asses the presence of bacterial endotoxins in Zoledronic Acid injectable drug by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test, particularly by the gelling procedure. Methods: The assay was performed in two tests: the first was the confirmation of labeled lysate sensitivity by preparing a standard curve with serial double dilutions of endotoxins four times, and the second was the inhibition product test in which serial double dilutions of endotoxins were prepared with apyrogenic water and with samples from the batches to be tested, without exceeding the maximum valid

Directed shift of vaginal microbiota induced by vaginal application of sucrose gel in rhesus macaques

OpenAIRE

Hu, Kai-tao; Zheng, Jin-xin; Yu, Zhi-jian; Chen, Zhong; Cheng, Hang; Pan, Wei-guang; Yang, Wei-zhi; Wang, Hong-yan; Deng, Qi-wen; Zeng, Zhong-ming

2015-01-01

Objectives: Sucrose gel was used to treat bacterial vaginosis in a phase III clinical trial. However, the changes of vaginal flora after treatment were only examined by Nugent score in that clinical trial, While the vaginal microbiota of rhesus macaques is characterized by anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, few lactobacilli, and pH levels above 4.6, similar to the microbiota of patients with bacterial vaginosis. This study is aimed to investigate the change of the vaginal microbiota of rehsus...

Endocardite bacteriana como complicação de sepse neonatal - relato de caso Bacterial endocarditis as a complication of neonatal sepsis: a case report

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V.L.J. Krebs

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam um paciente com 11 dias de vida, internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal devido a múltiplas malformações congênitas, apresentando sepse e endocardite bacteriana. Entre os fatores de risco para endocardite foram destacados o cateterismo venoso central, hemocultura com crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus e ventilação mecânica. O diagnóstico foi realizado no 61o dia de internação devido a presença de febre persistente e aparecimento de sopro cardíaco sistólico. O ecocardiograma mostrou trombo em átrio direito, medindo 1,9 x 0,7mm sendo realizada antibioticoterapia e ressecção cirúrgica, com melhora clínica. No 125° dia de internação ocorreu óbito devido à sepse e abscesso cerebral. Na necrópsia não foram observados malformações cardíacas. Os autores concluem ser de grande importância o conhecimento das complicações potenciais das técnicas invasivas utilizadas em recém-nascidos criticamente doentes. A suspeita clínica de endocardite deve ser realizada em todos os neonatos com sepse, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal por tempo prolongadoThe authors reported on a 11 day-old child, admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for multiple congenital malformations, who had sepsis and bacterial endocarditis. Among the risk factors for endocarditis were outstanding: the central venous catheterism, hemoculture with growth of Staphylococcus aureus and mechanical ventilation. The diagnosis was made in the 61st day after admission owing to the presence of persistent fever and appearance of systolic murmur. The echocardiogram revealed a thrombus in the right atrium measuring 1.9 x 0.7mm. Antibiotic therapy and surgical resection being performed, with clinical improvement. On the 125st day after admission the patient died owing sepsis and cerebral abscess. At necropsy, heart malformations were not observed. The authors concluded to be very important the knowledge of the potential

Basic vaginal pH, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: prevalence in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, a prospective study in a low socioeconomic and multiethnic South American population.

Science.gov (United States)

Krauss-Silva, Leticia; Almada-Horta, Antonio; Alves, Mariane B; Camacho, Karla G; Moreira, Maria Elizabeth L; Braga, Alcione

2014-03-19

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases the risk of spontaneous preterm deliveries (PD) in developed countries. Its prevalence varies with ethnicity, socioeconomic conditions and gestational age. Aerobic vaginitis (AV) has also been implicated with spontaneous PD. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic BV, the accuracy of vaginal pH level to predict BV and to estimate the risk of spontaneous PD Vaginal smears of women with vaginal pH > = 4.5 were collected to determine the Nugent score; a sample of those smears was also classified according to a modified Donders' score. Primary outcomes were spontaneous PD vaginal pH= > 4.5 and = > 5.0 to predict BV status was 100% and 82%, correspondingly; the 5.0 cutoff value doubled the specificity, from 41% to 84%. The incidence of 4.5 was 3.8%. The RR of spontaneous PD  =4.5, as compared with those with intermediate state, were 1.24 and 1.86, respectively (Fisher's exact test, p value = 1; 0.52, respectively, both ns). No spontaneous case of PD or abortion was associated with severe or moderate AV. A high prevalence of asymptomatic BV was observed without statistically significant difference between black and white women. The RRs of spontaneous PD < 34 and <37 weeks among women with BV, as compared with those with intermediate state were not statistically significant but were consistent with those found in the literature.

Bacterial Levan: tecnological aspects, characteristics and production/ Levana Bacteriana: aspectos tecnológicos, características e produção

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Crispin Humberto Garcia-Cruz

2005-06-01

contendo este açúcar, em diferentes concentrações, em um meio rico em sais minerais. A produção de levana é influenciada não apenas pela fonte de carbono e sua concentração, mas também pelas variações de pH, temperatura e tipo de sais presentes, além da oxigenação do meio de fermentação, afetando também as características da molécula e o crescimento celular. Neste trabalho de revisão apresentam-se tópicos de interesse referentes à produção de levana bacteriana.

Identificação de Porphyromonas gingivalis e Prevotella intermedia isoladas de pacientes com doença periodontal e análise das resistências antimicrobianas

OpenAIRE

Cunha, Carminda Sílvia Nunes Monteiro da

2017-01-01

A cavidade oral é um dos locais do organismo humano que revela a mais complexa e heterogénea população microbiana, da qual fazem parte mais de meio milhar de espécies bacterianas. A doença periodontal (DP) é uma patologia oral de origem bacteriana caracterizada por um estado inflamatório que começa por afetar o tecido gengival e cuja progressão leva frequentemente à perda de dentes na idade adulta. As gengivites e periodontites são das patologias periodontais que surgem com ...

A prospective study of risk factors for neurological complications in childhood bacterial meningitis

OpenAIRE

Sadie Namani; Zvonko Milenković; Bulëza Koci

2013-01-01

OBJETIVO: Análise prospectiva de fatores de prognóstico para complicações neurológicas da meningite bacteriana infantil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo recrutou 77 crianças de um mês a 16 anos de idade tratadas de meningite bacteriana durante o período de 1/1/2009 a 31/12/2010. Foram escolhidos 16 preditores relevantes para analisar sua associação com a incidência de complicações neurológicas. Valores P abaixo de 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Das 77 cr...

Use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum intimate liquid soap for external hygiene in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence after metronidazole oral treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahamondes, M Valeria; Portugal, Priscila Mendes; Brolazo, Eliane Melo; Simões, José Antônio; Bahamondes, Luis

2011-01-01

To determine the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) after the use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap starting immediately after the treatment with oral metronidazole and the quality of life of the participants. A total of 123 women with diagnosis of BV with at least three of the following criteria: 1) homogeneous vaginal discharge without inflammation of the vagina or vulva; 2) vaginal pH ≥ 4.5; 3) positive Whiff test; and 4) "clue cells" in more than 20% of the epithelial cells in the vagina. A Nugent score ≥ 4 in the vaginal bacterioscopy was also used. After BV diagnosis, metronidazole 500 mg was administered orally bid during 7 days. Patients cured of BV were then instructed to use 7.5 to 10 mL of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap once-a-day for hygiene of the external genital region. Three subsequent control visits after starting the hygiene treatment (30, 60, and 90 days; ± 5 days) were scheduled. A questionnaire was applied in the form of visual analogue scale (VAS) in all the visits regarding: 1) level of comfort at the genital region; 2) malodorous external genitalia; 3) comfort in sexual intercourse; 4) satisfaction with intimate hygiene; and 5) self-esteem. Ninety two (74.8%) women initiated the use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap at visit 1. At visit 2, 3, and 4 there were 84, 62 and 42 women available for evaluation, respectively. The rate of recurrence of BV was 19.0%, 24.2% and 7.1%, respectively in the three visits and vaginal candidiasis was observed in five treated women. Quality of life was evaluated in the 42 women who completed the four visits schedule and there were significant improvement in the five domains assessed. A lactic acid plus lactoserum liquid soap for external intimate hygiene may be an option for the prevention of BV recurrence after treatment and cure with oral metronidazole.

Tratamiento antimicrobiano en la meningoencefalitis, Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", 2004-2011

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María del Carmen Jiménez Martínez

Full Text Available Introducción: las meningoencefalitis constituyen un grupo de gran importancia dentro de las enfermedades infecciosas, en las cuales la introducción de los antibióticos hizo posible que fuese curable, pero la morbilidad y la mortalidad de esta enfermedad continúan siendo inaceptablemente altas. Objetivo: identificar la terapia antimicrobiana usada en las meningoencefalitis. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Se estudiaron 150 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningoencefalitis viral o meningoencefalitis bacteriana confirmada por cuadro clínico, estudio citoquímico del líquido cefalorraquídeo o identificación del agente etiológico. Todos se atendieron en el período comprendido entre los años 2004 y primer semestre del 2011, en los servicios de Medicina y Pediatría del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto". Se empleó el diseño de un estudio de utilización de medicamentos que hace uso de la indicación-prescripción y el esquema terapéutico para este tipo de paciente. Resultados: se utilizó terapia antimicrobiana en el 18,67 % de pacientes con meningoencefalitis viral (23,93 % de 117 y el 22 % con bacteriana (100 % de 33 casos. Las antibioticoterapias más usadas fueron la ceftriaxona (como único antibiótico en la meningoencefalitis viral, y asociada (ceftriaxona más vancomicina en la meningoencefalitis bacteriana. El patógeno más aislado (Streptococcus pneumoniae fue tratado en la mayoría de los casos con ceftriaxona más vancomicina. La generalidad de los tratamientos para la meningoencefalitis bacteriana duró menos de 21 días. Conclusiones: se evidenció el uso de terapia antimicrobiana en pacientes con meningoencefalitis viral y la coincidencia entre la terapia empírica y la específica en la meningoencefalitis bacteriana.

Interactions of alaproclate, a selective 5HT-uptake blocker, with muscarinic receptors: in vivo and in vitro studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danielsson, E.; Bartfai, T.; Nordstrom, O.; Ogren, S.O.; Unden, A.

1986-01-01

Cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in higher brain functions such as learning or memory. It is hoped that drugs which improve cholinergic transmission would be therapeutically effective in senile dementia. The results of biochemical studies on the interaction of alaproclate with the muscarinic system are summarized. Tritium-4-N-methylpiperidinylbenzilate and methyl tritium-choline chloride were used in the studies. Salivation and hypothermia were studied in adult male mice following injection of alaproclate preceding the injection of oxotremorine by 30 min. Salivation, tremor and hypothermia caused by oxotremorine were found to be centrally mediated muscarinic responses. Tritium-ACh release was studied from synaptosomes. The metabolites of alaproclate, alanine and 2(4 chlorophenyl) 1-1 dimethylethanol, do not produce tremor

Bacterial translocation in rats nonfunctioning diverted distal colon Translocação bacteriana no coto colônico distal desfuncionalizado de ratos

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Francisco Edilson Leite Pinto Júnior

2007-06-01

colite de derivação fecal, seriam capazes de permitir Translocação Bacteriana (TB, ou se a mucosa intestinal atrofiada permitiria a passagem de bactérias para órgãos à distância. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 62 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando entre 220 e 320 gramas, divididos em dois grupos: A (Colostomia e B (Controle, contendo cada um 31 animais. No grupo A, os animais foram submetidos à colostomia, terminal boca única, em cólon ascendente. A partir do 70º dia de observação os seguintes procedimentos foram adotados: em cinco ratos foi injetado por via retal no segmento desfuncionalizado - 2ml de uma solução salina 0,9% nos animais (subgrupo A1; em oito inoculou-se, por via retal, uma solução de 2ml contendo Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (American Type Culture Collection, na concentração de 10(8 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por mililitros (UFC/ml - Subgrupo A2; em dez animais inoculava-se a mesma solução de E. coli, na concentração de 10(11UFC/ml (Subgrupo A3; e em oito colhia-se o muco do segmento colônico distal desfuncionalizado, para dosagens de açúcares neutros e proteínas totais (subgrupo A4. Os animais do grupo B foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos do grupo A, e não foram submetidos à colostomia. Nos animais dos subgrupos A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, e B3, após serem mortos, realizou-se punção cardíaca para coleta de 2ml de sangue e retiraram-se fragmentos de tecidos de linfonodo do mesocólon, fígado, baço, pulmão e rim, para análise microbiológica. Essa análise consistia em evidenciar a presença de UFC de Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Anova foram aplicados como técnicas investigativas para associação das variáveis. RESULTADOS: A ocorrência de TB, só foi evidenciada nos animais em que a concentração inoculada de Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, atingia níveis de 10(11UFC/ml, ou seja, nos Subgrupos A3 e B3, no entanto, sendo significantemente superior (80% nos animais sem colostomia (subgrupo B3

Incidência bacteriana e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos em pacientes pediátricos de um hospital público de Rondônia, Brasil

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Vinicius Tadeu Ramos da Silva Grillo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available As infecções de maiores preocupações dos profissionais da área de saúde são as que ocorrem nas unidades que atendem pacientes mais suscetíveis à infecção - Pediatria, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI e Unidades Oncológicas. Dentre os fatores contribuintes para altas taxas de infecções e mortalidade estão: gravidade da doença, procedimentos que requerem mais tempo e os invasivos, e longos períodos de internação. Foi realizado um estudo de caráter retrospectivo, transversal, não controlado nas unidades pediátricas – Clínicas Pediátricas, UTI Pediátrica e Oncopediatria de um hospital público do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Ponderando-se o levantamento dos resultados de culturas e antibiogramas isolados nas unidades pediátricas do hospital, no período de janeiro a julho de 2010, foram analisados 313 antibiogramas. Destes, 19,2% apresentaram crescimento bacteriano, dos quais a maior parte (38% foram Hemoculturas. Os microrganismos mais comumente encontrados foram os Bacilos Não Fermentadores (BNF (28,3%, Escherichia coli (25% e Enterobacter spp. (20%. Algumas cepas chamam a atenção com relação ao aparecimento de resistência, como as cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cuja resistência as cefalosporinas de terceira geração foi analisada em mais de 90% e as cepas de Enterobacter spp., que apresentaram resistência aos carbapenêmicos. A ala da Oncopediatria mostrou-se a menos afetada com relação às outras, pois apenas 4% das amostras coletadas para exame microbiológico obtiveram crescimento bacteriano, já em pacientes da UTI Pediátrica houve crescimento bacteriano em 29,2%. Para evitar o crescimento da resistência dos microrganismos e o uso empírico e indiscriminado de antimicrobianos é necessária uma avaliação do perfil de resistência bacteriana que norteie a prescrição racional e adequada destes fármacos.

Facial Vibrotactile Stimulation Activates the Parasympathetic Nervous System: Study of Salivary Secretion, Heart Rate, Pupillary Reflex, and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Activity

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Hisao Hiraba

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We previously found that the greatest salivation response in healthy human subjects is produced by facial vibrotactile stimulation of 89 Hz frequency with 1.9 μm amplitude (89 Hz-S, as reported by Hiraba et al. (2012, 20011, and 2008. We assessed relationships between the blood flow to brain via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS in the frontal cortex and autonomic parameters. We used the heart rate (HRV: heart rate variability analysis in RR intervals, pupil reflex, and salivation as parameters, but the interrelation between each parameter and fNIRS measures remains unknown. We were to investigate the relationship in response to established paradigms using simultaneously each parameter-fNIRS recording in healthy human subjects. Analysis of fNIRS was examined by a comparison of various values between before and after various stimuli (89 Hz-S, 114 Hz-S, listen to classic music, and “Ahh” vocalization. We confirmed that vibrotactile stimulation (89 Hz of the parotid glands led to the greatest salivation, greatest increase in heart rate variability, and the most constricted pupils. Furthermore, there were almost no detectable differences between fNIRS during 89 Hz-S and fNIRS during listening to classical music of fans. Thus, vibrotactile stimulation of 89 Hz seems to evoke parasympathetic activity.

Intermediate vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis are associated with the same factors: findings from an exploratory analysis among female sex workers in Africa and India.

Science.gov (United States)

Guédou, Fernand A; Van Damme, Lut; Deese, Jennifer; Crucitti, Tania; Mirembe, Florence; Solomon, Suniti; Becker, Marissa; Alary, Michel

2014-03-01

Several recent studies suggest that intermediate vaginal flora (IVF) is associated with similar adverse health outcomes as bacterial vaginosis (BV). Yet, it is still unknown if IVF and BV share the same correlates. We conducted a cross-sectional and exploratory analysis of data from women screened prior to enrolment in a microbicide trial to estimate BV and IVF prevalence and examine their respective correlates. Participants were interviewed, examined and provided blood and genital samples for the diagnosis of IVF and BV (using Nugent score) and other reproductive tract infections. Polytomous logistic regressions were used in estimating respective ORs of IVF and BV, in relation to each potential risk factor. Among 1367 women, BV and IVF prevalences were 47.6% (95% CI 45.0% to 50.3%) and 19.2% (95% CI 17.1% to 21.2%), respectively. Multivariate polytomous analysis of IVF and BV showed that they were generally associated with the same factors. The respective adjusted ORs were for HIV 1.98 (95% CI 1.37 to 2.86) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.20) (p=0.2248), for gonorrhoea 1.25 (95% CI 0.64 to 2.4) and 2.01 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.49) (p=0.0906), for trichomoniasis 3.26 (95% CI 1.71 to 6.31) and 2.39 (95% CI 1.37 to 4.33) (p=0.2630), for candidiasis 0.52 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.75) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.78) (p=0.5288), and for hormonal contraception 0.65 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.04) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.90) (p=0.8819). In addition, the association between vaginal flora abnormalities and factors such as younger age, HIV, gonorrhoea trichomoniasis and candidiasis were modified by the study site (all p for interaction ≤0.05). IVF has almost the same correlates as BV. The relationship between some factors and vaginal flora abnormalities may be site-specific.

Stingray

Science.gov (United States)

... sting. Stingrays are the most common group of fish that sting humans. This article is for information ... different parts of the body. AIRWAYS AND LUNGS Breathing difficulty EARS, NOSE AND THROAT Salivating and drooling ...

Isolamento e determinação de sensibilidade e resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas bacterianas presentes na cloaca de Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1839 criadas em cativeiro em Petrolina, PE

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Fernando B. da Silva Sobrinho

Full Text Available RESUMO: Este estudo isolou e determinou o perfil de sensibilidade e de resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas bacterianas isoladas da cloaca de Trachemys scripta elegans (T. s. elegans criadas em cativeiro. Após 120 dias de adaptação, amostras de swab cloacal obtidas de 20 animais adultos foram cultivadas e, após a identificação dos patógenos através de testes bioquímicos, submetidas ao teste de suscetibilidade a nove antimicrobianos. Enterobacter aerogenes (85%; Shigella spp. (10% e Edwadsiella spp. (5% foram isolados e identificados. Os isolados de E. aerogenes foram sensíveis à gentamicina (86%, enrofloxacina (79%, estreptomicina (50%, sulfazotrim (36% e ampicilina (29% e resistentes a penicilina (100%, eritromicina (93%, cefalexina (86% ampicilina (71% e sulfazotrim (64%. Isolados de Shigella spp. apresentaram sensibilidade à gentamicina (100%, enrofloxacina (50%, doxicilina (50%, estreptomicina (50%, ampicilina (50%, penicilina (50% e sulfazotrim (50% e resistência a doxicilina (50%, estreptomicina (50%, ampicilina (50%, penicilina (100%, cefalexina (50% e sulfazotrim (50%, enquanto que os de Edwardsiella spp. foram sensíveis apenas à gentamicina (100% e altamente resistentes (100% aos demais antimicrobianos. Os resultados sugerem a participação de T. s. elegans na cadeia epidemiológica, como reservatório de patógenos importantes, como E. aerogenes, Shigella spp. e Edwardisiella spp., tornando importante a adoção de medidas preventivas pelo risco zoonótico que apresentam e corretas de tratamento e de controle em cativeiros e domicílios, assim como de estudos que enfoquem as características de sensibilidade e de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados cloacais, pois a multirresistência a drogas pode ser transmitida aos humanos e comprometer o tratamento de indivíduos com doenças graves.

Validación de nuevos parámetros predictivos de infecciones bacterianas severas en niños febriles menores de 36 meses de edad

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Alicia Álvarez Rodríguez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación descriptiva-prospectiva con el objetivo de validar nuestros criterios de riesgos en la identificación de la infección bacteriana severa (IBS en niños febriles, para lo cual se establecieron las categorías de riesgos y se aplicaron en 215 niños febriles que habían ingresado por esta causa en un período de 12 meses. Se obtuvo que el 54,9 % de los niños se clasificaron como bajo riesgo y el 71,6 % sin IBS. No obstante, la frecuencia de dicha afección resultó elevada, 28,4 %, con predominio de las infecciones urinarias. Se triplicó el riesgo de padecer IBS en los niños con aspecto tóxico, temperatura mayor o igual a 39°C, test clínico de Bonadio mayor que 8, cituria mayor o igual a 10 000 células/mm³, con diferencias significativas entre las categorías de riesgo y la IBS, y fue mayor la frecuencia en los niños tóxicos y de riesgos, 92,8 y 54,3 %, respectivamente. Uno de cada 4 niños febriles presentó IBS. Se introdujo la categoría "Riesgo" y se recomienda un flujograma de evaluación.A descriptive-prospective research study was carried out to validate our risk criteria in the identification of severe bacterial infection in febrile young children. For this purpose, risk categories were set and applied in 215 febrile children who had been admitted in a period of 12 months. 54.9 % of febrile children were at low risk for serious bacterial infections whereas 71.6 % presented no risk at all. Nevertheless, the frequency of this affection was high, accounting for 28.4 % with predominance of urinary infections. The risk of getting SBI trippled in children who shared toxic look, temperature greater than or equal to 39 °C, Bonadium clinical test higher than 8, cyturia values over or equal to 10 000 cell/mm³, significant differences between risk and SBI categories and the highest frequency of such affection found in toxic children and in children at low risk (92.8 vs 54.3 %. One in every four febrile

Biopolímeros, Carbono e Enxofre Totais Associados à Atividade Bacteriana dos Sedimentos Superficiais do Delta do Paraíba do Sul, RJ-Brasil

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Lazaro Luiz Mattos Laut

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A bacia de drenagem do Rio Paraíba do Sul localiza-se ao longo do eixo Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, de grande densidade demográfica e intensa industrialização. Este trabalho objetivou analisar quali-quantitativamente a matéria orgânica (biopolímeros, carbono orgânico total e enxofre e o estado metabólico bacteriano nos sedimentos superficiais estuarino-deltaicos do Rio Paraíba do Sul, relacionando-os a distribuição granulométrica. Em média, 65,5% dos sedimentos foi classificado como arenoso e empobrecidos em carbono e enxofre, cujas concentrações médias foram 0,71% e 0,04%, respectivamente. A razão elementar C:S indica que o ambiente é predominantemente oxidante, coerente com a forte influência fluvial no estuário desse rio de médio porte. Os biopolímeros carboidratos (média de 2075,93 μg C/g, proteínas (média de 25,70 μg C/g e lipídeos (média de 363,10 μg C/g também apresentaram concentrações inferiores a outros ambientes. Em função dessas baixas concentrações, pôde-se classificar o ambiente como sendo meso-oligotrófico. A razão CARBOIDRATO:COT identificou o impacto de atividades antrópicas, mais especificamente o aporte de efluentes domésticos ao longo de todo o seu curso e da indústria açucareira fortemente presente no seu baixo curso. A comunidade bacteriana, responsável pela hidrólise da matéria orgânica, é predominantemente anaeróbia e anaeróbia facultativa, implicando em perda de nitrogênio para a atmosfera (desnitrificação e produção de sulfetos (sulfato-redução e os baixos valores da razão PROTEINA:CARBOIDRATO refletem essa perda de nitrogênio (presente nos compostos protéicos considerando a ocorrência de bactérias desnitrificantes. Os valores encontrados de carbono bacteriano são elevados (3,29 μg C/g que também, provavelmente, são devidos aos impactos descritos.

Vigilancia de los niveles de uso de antibióticos y perfiles de resistencia bacteriana en hospitales de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México Surveillance of antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance profiles in tertiary level hospitals in Mexico City

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Lilia Benavides-Plascencia

2005-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar los niveles de uso de antibióticos y el perfil de resistencia de las bacterias nosocomiales, e identificar y proponer estrategias para disminuir la resistencia a los antibióticos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrolectivo (1994-1995, hecho en seis hospitales de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México. RESULTADOS: La resistencia del grupo hospitalario fue de 86%, mientras que el consumo total de antibióticos por institución varió entre 44 y 195 dosis diarias definidas/100 camas-día. CONCLUSIONES: Se identificaron los elementos para instrumentar un sistema de vigilancia integral que mejore el uso de antibióticos y la valoración de la resistencia bacteriana.OBJECTIVE: To identify the levels of antibiotic utilization and the resistance profiles of nosocomial bacteria, as well as the strategies to diminish resistance to antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective (1994-1995 study was conducted in six tertiary level hospitals in Mexico City. RESULTS: A total of 86% antibiotic resistance was observed in these hospitals. The overall consumption of antibiotics per hospital ranged between 44 and 195 Defined Daily Doses/100 day-beds. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the components to frame an integral surveillance system aimed at improving the use of antibiotics and the quality of the bacterial resistance assessment in these hospitals.

A Holistic In silico Approach to Develop Novel Inhibitors Targeting ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Keywords: Receptor tyrosine kinases, ErbB1, ErbB2, Natural products, Pharmacophore, Docking,. Cancer therapy. ... The incidence of lung cancer worldwide is 13 %. The highest ..... urinary bladder contraction and salivation are mediated via ...

CHAPTER 1

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Olaleye

formed islet cells of Langerhans in rats administered doses ≤ 1000 mg/kg body .... respiration, skin and hair coat, salivation, lacrimation, ... quantitative measurement take place within the .... cellular enzymes ALT and AST are present in low.

NIGERIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ADEYEYE

2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 3Veterinary. Teaching ... salivation, cornea opacity, haematuria and convulsion were observed in 20, 8, 2, 4, 1 and 3 of the patients ... intravenous fluid administration either for.

Sexually transmitted infections in women: A correlation of clinical and laboratory diagnosis in cases of vaginal discharge syndrome

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Vidyalaxmi Chauhan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Aims: This study compares the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of vaginal discharge syndrome. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the gynaecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Material and Methods: Total of 180 females diagnosed as vaginal discharge or cervicitis based on syndromic approach and were recruited for the study. Their clinical profile was noted and they were investigated for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection. Results: Lower abdominal pain (35% followed by burning micturition (23.9% were the common associated complaints. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common clinical diagnosis, while trichomoniasis was least common. Upon laboratory investigation, 35.6% of cases of vaginal discharge and 12% of cases of cervicitis tested positive. Percentage of cases confirmed by laboratory investigation was 50, 27.8 and 41.7 for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis respectively. Conclusion: Among all the females diagnosed as vaginal discharge syndrome, a very small percentage actually turned out to be positive upon laboratory testing.

Comparison between Olfactory Function of Pregnant Women and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-11-15

Nov 15, 2016 ... salivation, and vomiting, is more associated with first trimester and first ... examined to exclude the presence of nasal pathologies such as discharge .... dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus in the brain.[21]. Olofsson et al.

Diagnostic Performance of a Molecular Test versus Clinician Assessment of Vaginitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwebke, Jane R; Gaydos, Charlotte A; Nyirjesy, Paul; Paradis, Sonia; Kodsi, Salma; Cooper, Charles K

2018-06-01

Vaginitis is a common complaint, diagnosed either empirically or using Amsel's criteria and wet mount microscopy. This study sought to determine characteristics of an investigational test (a molecular test for vaginitis), compared to reference, for detection of bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis Vaginal specimens from a cross-sectional study were obtained from 1,740 women (≥18 years old), with vaginitis symptoms, during routine clinic visits (across 10 sites in the United States). Specimens were analyzed using a commercial PCR/fluorogenic probe-based investigational test that detects bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis Clinician diagnosis and in-clinic testing (Amsel's test, potassium hydroxide preparation, and wet mount) were also employed to detect the three vaginitis causes. All testing methods were compared to the respective reference methods (Nugent Gram stain for bacterial vaginosis, detection of the Candida gene its2 , and Trichomonas vaginalis culture). The investigational test, clinician diagnosis, and in-clinic testing were compared to reference methods for bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis The investigational test resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than clinician diagnosis or in-clinic testing. In addition, the investigational test showed a statistically higher overall percent agreement with each of the three reference methods than did clinician diagnosis or in-clinic testing. The investigational test showed significantly higher sensitivity for detecting vaginitis, involving more than one cause, than did clinician diagnosis. Taken together, these results suggest that a molecular investigational test can facilitate accurate detection of vaginitis. Copyright © 2018 Schwebke et al.

Functional impairment of the salivary gland after high dose radioiodine therapy

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Spiegel, W.; Reiners, C.; Boerner, W.

1986-06-01

Radiation induced impairements of salivation, which are rather related to the more radio-sensitive parotides than to the submandibular glands according to our experience, occur in about 1/3 of the patients treated with 7,4-11,1 GBq (200-300 mCi) of I-131. Based on our results and experiences after percutaneous radiation therapy of the head and neck region, a total xerostomy (Sicca's syndrome) must already be expected at a focal dose of 40 Gy to the salivary gland parenchyma. Experience has shown that this cumulative radiation dose is reached at about 18,5 GBq (500 mCi) of I-131. The acute sialadenitis occuring a few days after therapeutic administration of radioiodine is mostly associated with minor complaints and therefore often escapes the patient's notice. During the onset of xerostomy, which is associated with a moderate reduction of salivation, the patients are surprisingly indolent. However, specific examinations including patient's history, palpation and functional scintigraphy enable early detection of radiation induced functional depression of the salivary glands, which should be accounted for in the assessment of indication for further radioiodine therapy. To prevent the severe consequences of xerostomy such as ageusia, dysphagia, epithelial lesion of the oral mucosa and loss of teeth, the patients under radioiodine therapy should be urged to see to sufficient fluid supply and to steadily stimulate salivation e.g. by sour drops, chewing gum or Emser pastilles.

Activation of the alternative NFκB pathway improves disease symptoms in a model of Sjogren's syndrome.

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Adi Gilboa-Geffen

Full Text Available The purpose of our study was to understand if Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9 activation could contribute to the control of inflammation in Sjogren's syndrome. To this end, we manipulated TLR9 signaling in non-obese diabetic (NOD and TLR9(-/- mice using agonistic CpG oligonucleotide aptamers, TLR9 inhibitors, and the in-house oligonucleotide BL-7040. We then measured salivation, inflammatory response markers, and expression of proteins downstream to NF-κB activation pathways. Finally, we labeled proteins of interest in salivary gland biopsies from Sjogren's syndrome patients, compared to Sicca syndrome controls. We show that in NOD mice BL-7040 activates TLR9 to induce an alternative NF-κB activation mode resulting in increased salivation, elevated anti-inflammatory response in salivary glands, and reduced peripheral AChE activity. These effects were more prominent and also suppressible by TLR9 inhibitors in NOD mice, but TLR9(-/- mice were resistant to the salivation-promoting effects of CpG oligonucleotides and BL-7040. Last, salivary glands from Sjogren's disease patients showed increased inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory biomarkers, in addition to decreased levels of alternative NF-κB pathway proteins. In summary, we have demonstrated that activation of TLR9 by BL-7040 leads to non-canonical activation of NF-κB, promoting salivary functioning and down-regulating inflammation. We propose that BL-7040 could be beneficial in treating Sjogren's syndrome and may be applicable to additional autoimmune syndromes.

Double up! Examining the effects of adding inhibition training to food cue exposure in chocolate-loving female students.

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Bongers, Peggy; Houben, Katrijn; Jansen, Anita

2018-02-01

In the present we study investigated whether addition of a Go/No Go training enhanced the effects of food cue exposure. We assessed desire to eat, salivation, CS-US expectancies, and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) during and after cue exposure. Participants (N = 71) were chocolate-loving female students who tried to eat less chocolate in daily life. They received two sessions of either cue exposure with Go/No Go training (EXP + GNG), cue exposure with a sham training (EXP + shamGNG), or a control procedure with sham training (CON + shamGNG). Results showed that the exposure groups had higher desire to eat and higher levels of salivation during exposure compared to the control group during the control intervention, and that within session and between session habituation occurred in all conditions. In contrast to our hypotheses, lower levels of desire and salivation in the EXP + GNG compared to the EXP + shamGNG group at the end of exposure were not found. In addition, there was an overall decrease in CS-US expectancies with no group differences, and these beliefs were unrelated to EAH. Furthermore, groups did not differ on intake of either the exposed chocolate, non-exposed chocolate or other snack food items. It is concluded that a short Go/No Go training does not have an effect on two sessions of cue exposure treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ear nose and throat changes observed in pregnancy in calabar

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Global Journal

This paper studies changes observed in pregnant women at the 3 stages of pregnancy in Calabar. Eighty pregnant ... Vomiting, loss of appetite, excess salivation, Nausea gastro – .... swimmers changes the Ph of the metal skin from that of.

Comparisons Of The Effects Of Medetomidine, Lidocaine And Their ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... with a one-week interval between subsequent injections. Lumbosacral epidural injection of medetomidine and medetomidine-lidocaine combinations induced behavioral changes characterized by ataxia, swaying movements, tail flaccidity, low head carriage, sternal and lateral recumbency posture coupled with salivation.

High Peak Power Microwaves: A Health Hazard

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1993-12-01

administration of specific drugs, including beta blockers , can significantly enhance these effects, as evidenced by a lowered damage threshold exposure...impotence, hot flashes, weight gain, palpitations, sle.p disruption, muscle cramps, bladder spasms, hallucinations, salivation increased, tremors , scizurcs

Relación entre ingesta de caramelos ácidos, ph salival, estrato socioeconómico y erosión dental en niños de tercero a séptimo año de educación básica de la parroquia de Guayllabamba.

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Jeanne Prycyla Verdezoto Unaucho

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El proceso erosivo involucra diferentes factores donde el ácido cítrico presente en la dieta cumple un papel fundamental, así se propuso evaluar la relación entre consumo de caramelos ácidos, pH salival ácido, estrato socioeconómico y erosión dental en niños de 3ro a 7mo año de educación básica de tres escuelas de la parroquia de Guayllabamba. Mediante un estudio de caso y control 62 niños de entre 7 a 12 años (31 con diagnóstico de erosión dental y 31 controles. Previo consentimiento informado fueron sometidos a encuesta sobre hábitos de consumo de golosinas ácidas, examen clínico visual y registro fotográfico de sus dientes anteriores superiores. Las fotografías obtenidas fueron analizadas por evaluadores calibrados y entrenados en criterios del índice de erosión de O`Brien. De forma complementaria y según resultados de encuesta de consumo aplicada fueron seleccionadas ciertas golosinas para ser analizada su capacidad erosiva. Los datos obtenidos fueron examinados mediante paquete estadístico SPP v 22 a través de pruebas estadísticas de ODDS RATIO, Chi cuadrado, Mantel-Haenszel y ANOVA. Los resultados mostraron alta exposición al consumo de golosinas ácidas, guardando relación con el bajo nivel socio-económico en un porcentaje del 41,9%. La prueba de Chi cuadrado permitió determinar ausencia de relación entre edad y agresividad de la erosión (p=0,33. Concluyendo que el consumo frecuente de golosinas ácidas y un bajo estrato socio-económico es un factor importante para desarrollar erosión dental.

Cuatro métodos de predicción de riesgo de infección bacteriana grave en recién nacidos febriles

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Manuel Díaz Álvarez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo de esta investigación fue contrastar la efectividad de 4 métodos de evaluación de riesgo de infección bacteriana grave (IBG en recién nacidos (RN febriles, uno de los cuales fue desarrollado por los autores del trabajo y los otros son los utilizados en la práctica internacional. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y aplicado de 1358 RN febriles sin signos de focalización evaluados y clasificados por riesgo de IBG. Fue aplicado el método propuesto por los autores, que comprende: antecedente de ser sano; ausencia de impresión médica de un estado tóxico-infeccioso; ausencia de evidencias de infección focal en el examen físico; fiebre menor de 39 ºC y no persistente o recurrente; recuento de leucocitos sanguíneos > 5,0 x 10(9/L y < 20,0 x 10(9/L; velocidad de sedimentación globular < 20 mm/h y recuento de leucocitos en orina < 10 000/mL. Éste y los otros métodos se aplicaron en una evaluación inicial y al término de 48 h evolutivas. Se calcularon los valores predictivos para los distintos métodos y se evaluó también la efectividad mediante la función de ganancia. RESULTADOS. La frecuencia de IBG fue del 20,4 %. La causa más frecuente fue la infección del tracto urinario. De los 652 RN evaluados inicialmente por nuestro método, hubo cambio de categoría evolutiva en 177 (13,0 %; con los otros métodos también ocurrieron cambios, menos notables. Los fallos de los valores predictivos con nuestro método fueron 40 (8,5 %, una proporción significativamente menor (p < 0,001 que con los otros métodos. La función de ganancia tuvo valores aritméticos superiores con los otros métodos. CONCLUSIONES. Existe un mayor margen de seguridad con nuestro método en relación con los otros métodos de evaluación estudiados. Atribuimos esta ventaja al hecho de que se incluyeron parámetros evaluativos clínicos y de laboratorio (como la magnitud y persistencia de la fiebre y el aspecto

40 CFR 798.4350 - Inhalation developmental toxicity study.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... diameter” or “median diameter” is the calculated aerodynamic diameter which divides the particles of an... as respiratory, autonomic and central nervous systems, somatomotor activity and behavioral pattern. Particular attention should be directed to observation of tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea...

Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples.

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Craig R Cohen

Full Text Available Bacterial vaginosis (BV, a disruption of the normal vaginal flora, has been associated with a 60% increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition in women and higher concentration of HIV-1 RNA in the genital tract of HIV-1-infected women. However, whether BV, which is present in up to half of African HIV-1-infected women, is associated with an increase in HIV-1 transmission to male partners has not been assessed in previous studies.We assessed the association between BV on female-to-male HIV-1 transmission risk in a prospective study of 2,236 HIV-1-seropositive women and their HIV-1 uninfected male partners from seven African countries from a randomized placebo-controlled trial that enrolled heterosexual African adults who were seropositive for both HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus (HSV-2, and their HIV-1-seronegative partners. Participants were followed for up to 24 months; every three months, vaginal swabs were obtained from female partners for Gram stain and male partners were tested for HIV-1. BV and normal vaginal flora were defined as a Nugent score of 7-10 and 0-3, respectively. To reduce misclassification, HIV-1 sequence analysis of viruses from seroconverters and their partners was performed to determine linkage of HIV-1 transmissions. Overall, 50 incident HIV-1 infections occurred in men in which the HIV-1-infected female partner had an evaluable vaginal Gram stain. HIV-1 incidence in men whose HIV-1-infected female partners had BV was 2.91 versus 0.76 per 100 person-years in men whose female partners had normal vaginal flora (hazard ratio 3.62, 95% CI 1.74-7.52. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, sexual behavior, male circumcision, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in female partners, BV was associated with a greater than 3-fold increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission (adjusted hazard ratio 3.17, 95% CI 1.37-7.33.This study identified an association between BV and increased risk of HIV

Evaluación de la disfunción vaginal en mujeres embarazadas sintomáticas y asintomáticas mediante la utilización de los estados vaginales básicos (EVB y su comparación con el estudio microbiológico convencional

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María S Touzon

Full Text Available Durante el embarazo se producen frecuentemente infecciones del tracto genital inferior asociadas a complicaciones maternas y perinatológicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la disfunción vaginal mediante el análisis de los estados vaginales básicos (EVB por la metodología del balance del contenido vaginal (BACOVA y compararlo con el estudio microbiológico convencional en el diagnóstico de candidiasis, tricomonosis y vaginosis bacteriana (VB. Entre 2010 y 2012 se estudiaron 1238 pacientes embarazadas; 1046 eran asintomáticas (A y 192 sintomáticas (S. La prevalencia del EVB I fue del 59,5 % y 26 %, respectivamente. El EVB II se observó en 19,7 % de las mujeres A y en 17,2 % de las S. El EVB III se detectó solamente en las A, en 0,4 %. El EVB IV se observó en 14,4 % de las A y en 38 % de las S. El EVB V se detectó en 6 % de las A y en 18,8 % de las S. En las mujeres A, las levaduras se asociaron a los EVB I y II en el 55,5 % y 23,2 % de los casos, respectivamente; entre las S, alcanzaron el 32,4 % y 31 % de los casos, en igual orden. Las tricomonas se asociaron al EVB I en el 50 % de las A, al EVB IV en el 44,4 % de las S y al EVB V en el 33,3 % de las S. La sensibilidad del BACOVA para detectar levaduras fue 80,4 % en las A y 85,5 % en las S; para detectar tricomonas, del 40 % y 75 %, y para detectar VB, del 100 % en los dos grupos. La especificidad del BACOVA fue 100 % para todos los patógenos en las A y en las S. El estudio de los EVB resultó útil para orientar el diagnóstico a la disfunción vaginal, independientemente de la sintomatología, por lo que se sugiere este estudio como parte del control prenatal. Durante el embarazo se producen frecuentemente infecciones del tracto genital inferior asociadas a complicaciones maternas y perinatológicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la disfunción vaginal mediante el análisis de los estados vaginales básicos (EVB por la metodología del balance del contenido vaginal

Sensibilidad antibiótica de bacterias obtenidas de queratitis e infecciones intraoculares en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia

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Virgilio Galvis

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana es crítica para la selección de los antibióticos en el tratamiento de las infecciones, por ello es vital conocer su estado actual en nuestro medio. Objetivo. Determinar la sensibilidad antibiótica bacteriana in vitro obtenida de los cultivos de queratitis e infecciones intraoculares. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL, entre junio de 2011 y enero de 2012. Resultados. Se examinaron 92 muestras. Se identificaron 110 bacterias, 27 hongos y 12 amebas de vida libre. Del total de bacterias Gram positivas, 1,1 %, 0 %, 1,1 %, 16,9 %, 29,3 % y 85 % fue resistente a imipenem, moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina, levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina, respectivamente, mientras que la resistencia a estos mismos fármacos se presentó, respectivamente, en 0 %, 8,3 %, 0 %, 0 %, 18,2 % y 27,3 % de las bacterias Gram negativas. Los porcentajes de resistencia de los estafilococos positivos para coagulasa resistentes a la meticilina fueron 0 %, 0 %, 0 %, 7 %, 17 % y 100 %, respectivamente, y los porcentajes de los estafilococos negativos para coagulasa resistentes a la meticilina fueron 3 %, 0 %, 0 %, 24 %, 44 % y 100 %, respectivamente. Los porcentajes de resistencia bacteriana globales (tanto para bacterias Gram positivas como para Gram negativas a imipenem, moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina, levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina fueron 1 %, 1 %, 1 %, 15,1 %, 28 % y 64,5 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los niveles de resistencia bacteriana para imipenem, moxifloxacina y gatifloxacina fueron menores que para levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina. Los niveles de resistencia para la tobramicina fueron muy altos, lo que pone en duda su utilidad clínica en las infecciones oculares en nuestro medio.

Pregnancy Complications: Bacterial Vaginosis

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... Careers Archives Health Topics Pregnancy Before or between pregnancies Nutrition, weight & fitness Prenatal care Is it safe? Labor & ... Report Cards Careers Archives Pregnancy Before or between pregnancies Nutrition, weight & fitness Prenatal care Is it safe? Labor & ...

A novel microscopic method for analyzing Gram-stained vaginal smears in the diagnosis of disorders of vaginal microflora.

Science.gov (United States)

Nenadić, Dane B; Pavlović, Miloš D; Motrenko, Tatjana

2015-08-01

The Nugent's score is still the gold standard in the great majority of studies dealing with the assessment of vaginal flora and the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The aim of this study was to show that the analysis of Gram-stained vaginal samples under microscope at the magnification of x200 (a novel microscopic method--NMM), as a fast and simple tool, easily applicable in everyday practice, better reflects complexity of vaginal microflora than the Nugent's methodology (x1000). Gram-stained vaginal smears from 394 asymptomatic pregnant women (24-28 week of pregnancy) were classified according to the Nugent's microscopic criteria (immersion, magnification x1000). The smears were then reexamined under immersion but at magnification x200. All samples were classified into 6 groups according to semiquanititative assessment of numbers (cellularity) and the ratio of rod (length < 1.5 microm) and small bacterial (< 1.5 microm) forms: hypercellular (normal full--NF), moderately cellular (normal mid-NM), hypocellular (normal empty--NE), bacterial vaginosis full (BVF), bacterial vaginosis mid (BVM), and bacterial vaginosis empty (BVE). Also yeasts, coccae, bifido and lepto bacterial forms as well polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were identified. According to the Nugent's scoring, BV was found in 78, intermediate findings in 63, and yeasts in 48 patients. By our criteria BV was confirmed in 88 patients (37 BVF, 24 BVM, and 27 BVN). Generally, both tools proved to be highly concordant for the diagnosis of BV (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = 0.9852). In 40% of the women mixed flora was found: yeasts in 126 (32%), coccae in 145 (37%), bifido forms in 32 (8%) and lepto forms in 20 (5%). Almost a half of BV patients had also yeasts (39/88). Elevated PMN numbers were found in 102 (33%) patients with normal and in 36 (41%) women with BV. The newly described methodology is simpler to apply and much better reflects diversity of vaginal microflora. In this way it

Pattern of sexually transmitted infections in human immunodeficiency virus positive women attending antenatal clinics in north-central Nigeria

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Salamat A Isiaka-Lawal

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs are prevalent during pregnancy and may have adverse sequalae in both mother and fetus. Interactions between these infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV synergize and may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and reverse the gains of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal infection, syphilis, and bacterial vaginosis in HIV pregnant women and compare with HIV negative controls. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted during the period from April to December 2010 at the Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and three Primary Health Centers in Ilorin. A total of 160 HIV positive pregnant women attending antenatal clinics were recruited, along with the same number of HIV negative matched controls. A structured proforma was used to collect information from patients, vaginal examination was performed and samples were taken from the endocervix and the posterior vaginal fornix with swab sticks. Results: STIs were recovered from 142 women, giving overall prevalence of 44.4%. HIV infected women had a higher prevalence (60% compared to uninfected (28.8%. The most prevalent STI was vaginal candidiasis (29.1%, followed by bacterial vaginosis (9.7%, and trichomoniasis (5.6%. The prevalence of candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis was higher among HIV positive pregnant women compared to HIV negative controls (P < 0.05. No woman had syphilis or gonorrhea. Conclusion: The prevalence of candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis was higher in HIV infected pregnant women compared to uninfected. Routine screening of HIV infected pregnant women for these organisms is advocated.

Bacteria in the vaginal microbiome alter the innate immune response and barrier properties of the human vaginal epithelia in a species-specific manner.

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Doerflinger, Sylvie Y; Throop, Andrea L; Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M

2014-06-15

Bacterial vaginosis increases the susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and negatively affects women's reproductive health. To investigate host-vaginal microbiota interactions and the impact on immune barrier function, we colonized 3-dimensional (3-D) human vaginal epithelial cells with 2 predominant species of vaginal microbiota (Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus) or 2 prevalent bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella bivia). Colonization of 3-D vaginal epithelial cell aggregates with vaginal microbiota was observed with direct attachment to host cell surface with no cytotoxicity. A. vaginae infection yielded increased expression membrane-associated mucins and evoked a robust proinflammatory, immune response in 3-D vaginal epithelial cells (ie, expression of CCL20, hBD-2, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor α) that can negatively affect barrier function. However, P. bivia and L. crispatus did not significantly upregulate pattern-recognition receptor-signaling, mucin expression, antimicrobial peptides/defensins, or proinflammatory cytokines in 3-D vaginal epithelial cell aggregates. Notably, L. iners induced pattern-recognition receptor-signaling activity, but no change was observed in mucin expression or secretion of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. We identified unique species-specific immune signatures from vaginal epithelial cells elicited by colonization with commensal and bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria. A. vaginae elicited a signature that is consistent with significant disruption of immune barrier properties, potentially resulting in enhanced susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections during bacterial vaginosis. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

A randomized trial comparing a polyherbal pessary (a complementary and alternative medicine) with Ginlac-V pessary (containing clotrimazole, tinidazole and lactobacilli) for treatment of women with symptomatic vaginal discharge.

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Patel, Yamal; Gopalan, Sarala; Bagga, Rashmi; Sharma, Meera; Chopra, Seema; Sethi, Sunil

2008-10-01

Most women with abnormal vaginal discharge have infection due to candida species, bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis and often seek treatment without laboratory confirmation. In this context, a single agent effective against these infections would be useful. To compare the efficacy of two such agents: Praneem polyherbal pessary; a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with Ginlac-V pessary (containing clotrimazole, tinidazole and lactobacilli) for treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge. A randomized study in a tertiary care hospital in North India. One hundred women were randomized for treatment with either of the two pessaries. Clinical examination and laboratory evaluation was done before and after treatment. Mc-Nemar test and Chi-square test. Overall, 82% (82/100) reported symptomatic relief; 78% (39/50) with Praneem and 86% (43/50) with Ginlac-V. Only 36% (18/50 in each group) had laboratory-confirmed infection; 18% (18/100) candidosis, 17% (17/100) bacterial vaginosis, 1% (1/100) both; none had trichomoniasis. Among these, symptomatic improvement was seen in 72% (13/18) and laboratory cure in 78% (14/18) with Praneem; symptomatic improvement in 78% (14/18) and laboratory cure in 78% (14/18) with Ginlac-V. Clinical or laboratory criteria could assess treatment efficacy equally. Neither drug was efficacious in candidosis. Ginlac-V was efficacious in bacterial vaginosis (100%) and though Praneem showed a similar trend, it was not statistically significant. Vaginal irritation was more frequent with Praneem (16% vs 4% with Ginlac-V). Both Praneem and Ginlac-V provided symptomatic relief in most of the women. Either clinical or laboratory criteria could assess treatment efficacy of both drugs. Ginlac-V was efficacious for treating bacterial vaginosis.

Manifestaciones periodontales de los estados fisiológicos de la mujer

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Enrique Rotemberg Wilf

Full Text Available Las hormonas sexuales esteroideas además de jugar un rol en la endocrinología reproductiva, regulan diversas funciones tisulares. En presencia de placa bacteriana asociada a cambios inflamatorios, estas hormonas influyen en la instalación y progreso de la enfermedad periodontal. Las hormonas sexuales femeninas esteroideas por sí mismas son insuficientes para producir cambios gingivales. Intervienen en l homeostasis del periodonto alterando la respuesta de los tejidos periodontales y la acción que sobre éstos ejerce la placa bacteriana, contribuyendo indirectamente a la enfermedad periodontal. Las principales hormonas sexuales femeninas esteroideas que han mostrado este efecto son los estrógenos y la progesterona

Alteraciones morfológicas en pulmón por la influenza A H1N1/v09 en autopsias, Colombia, 2009

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Jorge Rivera

2011-03-01

Conclusión. El porcentaje bajo de infección bacteriana concomitante observado en los casos de influenza A H1N1/ v09 en este estudio, es una característica sobresaliente que sugiere que el resultado fatal de la infección, probablemente no esté asociado a una enfermedad bacteriana secundaria, como se ha sugerido en reportes previos. Es probable que las lesiones observadas se puedan atribuir al daño tisular en la respuesta inflamatoria celular y humoral asociada a la infiltración por células poliformonucleares y macrófagos en el intersticio y la luz alveolares, como también por la lesión viral.

The clinicopathological and epidemiological aspects of bacterial endocarditis in dogs: 28 cases (2003-2008 / Aspectos clínico-patológicos e epidemiológicos da endocardite bacteriana em cães: 28 casos (2003-2008

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Patrícia Mendes Pereira

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological aspects and report the data obtained from bacterial endocarditis cases in dogs. A restropective study was carried out based on files of the Veterinary Hospital and the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL from January 2003 to may 2008. During this period, 28 dogs presented bacterial endocarditis, 50% males and 50% females. Medium to large dogs were the most affected and adult animals were prevalent, with the following clinical signs: apathy, hiporexy, hyperthermia, splenomegaly, dyspnea, dehydration, dysuria and cardiac murmur, Necropsy revealed the mitral valve as the most affected cardiac structure and among the organs, the kidneys were the most affected.O presente trabalho objetivou revisar os aspectos clínico-patológicos e relatar os dados obtidos sobre a endocardite bacteriana em cães, por meio de estudo retrospectivo realizado nos arquivos do Hospital Veterinário e Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a maio de 2008. No transcorrer do período considerado, 28 cães apresentaram a doença, sendo 50% machos e 50% fêmeas. Animais de médio a grande porte foram os mais acometidos e os adultos obtiveram prevalência. Os principais sinais clínicos apresentados foram apatia, hiporexia, hipertermia, esplenomegalia, dispnéia, desidratação, disúria e sopro cardíaco. À necropsia, observou-se que a válvula mitral foi a estrutura cardíaca mais afetada, sendo o rim o órgão mais frequentemente acometido.

Content validation of the nursing diagnosis Nausea

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Daniele Alcalá Pompeo

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the nursing diagnosis of nausea in the immediate post-operative period, considering Fehring’s model. Descriptive study with 52 nurses experts who responded an instrument containing identification and validation of nausea diagnosis data. Most experts considered the domain 12 (Comfort, Class 1 (Physical Comfort and the statement (Nausea adequate to the diagnosis. Modifications were suggested in the current definition of this nursing diagnosis. Four defining characteristics were considered primary (reported nausea, increased salivation, aversion to food and vomiting sensation and eight secondary (increased swallowing, sour taste in the mouth, pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis, sensation of hot and cold, changes in blood pressure and pupil dilation. The total score for the diagnosis of nausea was 0.79. Reports of nausea, vomiting sensation, increased salivation and aversion to food are strong predictors of nursing diagnosis of nausea.

Measurement by means of sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate of the function of salivary glands before and after stimulation with pilocarpine in cases of sicca-syndrome of the parotidic glands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gelinsky, P.

1979-01-01

Judgement on xerostomia in systemic diseases of the salivary glands and on the sicca-syndrome as a side-effect of radiation therapy or of a treatment with psychopharmaca has been improved by the function test of the parotidic glands for each side individually with sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate, particularly in view of the detection of lateral differences. Measurements of the salivation volume and activity are completive of the function test, yielding knowledge of the total excretory power of all the salivary glands. Functional remainders and reserves can be visualized objectively by additional utilization of the pilocarpine stimulation test (today performed with carbachol). The findings will be still more precise if the parotide salivation is collected and measured for each side separately. This exploration method is appropriate for frequent controls in the course of a disease and for the forming of an opinion upon therapeutic effects of sialogogic agents. (orig.) [de

Immunological changes in pregnant women with dysbiotic disturbances

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Y. Y. Nikulina

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The biological properties of the vaginosis pathogens isolated from 255 pregnant patients of the Pregnancy Pathology Department of the Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Region Clinical Hospital were studied. It was found that all investigated microflora was represented by the Candida yeasts, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamidia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Leptotrix vaginalis. The yeasts of genus Candida were the most common isolated pathogens of the vaginosis in pregnant women. The presence of Candida sp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamidia trachomatis and Toxoplasma gondii in the vaginal smears taken from pregnant women was accompanied by changes of the immunity cell parameters and concentration of circulating immune complexes.

Meningite bacteriana neonatal: estudo prospectivo da evolução a longo prazo de 55 crianças Neonatal bacterial meningitis: prospective study of the long term outcome of 55 children

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Vera Lúcia Jornada Krebs

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas prospectivamente 55 crianças que apresentaram meningite bacteriana no período neonatal, com o objetivo da analisar a frequência e o tipo de sequelas neurológicas. Todas as crianças nasceram a termo, sendo 38 do sexo masculino e 17 do feminino; a idade de início da doença variou de 3 a 28 dias. Os principais agentes etiológicos foram as enterobactérias. O tempo médio de seguimento foi 5 anos. A frequência de sequelas neurológicas foi 67,3%, representadas principalmente pelo atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (58,2%, hidrocefalia (45,5% e convulsões (34,5%. As alterações motoras graves ocorreram em 23,6% dos pacientes (tetraplegia, diplegia, hemiparesia e ataxia. As convulsões na fase aguda da doença e a cultura positiva do líquido cefalorraqueano estiveram associadas significativamente com a presença de sequelas. Na avaliação do desempenho escolar, realizada em 25 crianças, observaram-se dificuldades na aprendizagem em 48% dos casos, associadas significativamente à deficiência mental.Fifty-five infants who presented bacterial neonatal meningitis were prospectively studied to analyze the frequency and the type of sequelae. All the infants were full term newborns.There were 38 boys and 17 girls; the age of disease onset varied from 3 to 28 days. The causative organism was represented mainly by enterobacteriae. The median time of follow-up was 5 years. The frequency of neurologic sequelae was 63.7%, represented mainly by neuropsychomotor development delay (58.2%, hydrocephaly (45.5% and convulsions (34.5%. Severe motor abnormalities ocurred in 23.6% of children (quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiparesia and ataxia. Convulsions in the acute phase of the disease and the positive cerebrospinal fluid culture were highly associated to sequelae. The school performance, obtained in 25 children, showed presence of disabilities in 48% of cases, which were significantly associated to mental retardation.

Individual and co-operative roles of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the killing activity of enteric strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC933 and vaginal strain Lactobacillus gasseri KS120.1 against enteric, uropathogenic and vaginosis-associated pathogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Atassi, Fabrice; Servin, Alain L

2010-03-01

The mechanism underlying the killing activity of Lactobacillus strains against bacterial pathogens appears to be multifactorial. Here, we investigate the respective contributions of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid in killing bacterial pathogens associated with the human vagina, urinary tract or intestine by two hydrogen peroxide-producing strains. In co-culture, the human intestinal strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC933 and human vaginal strain Lactobacillus gasseri KS120.1 strains killed enteric Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344, vaginal Gardnerella vaginalis DSM 4944 and urinary tract Escherichia coli CFT073 pathogens. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) produced the same reduction in SL1344, DSM 4944 and CFT073 viability, whereas isolated bacteria had no effect. The killing activity of CFCSs was heat-stable. In the presence of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium inhibiting the lactic acid-dependent killing activity, CFCSs were less effective at killing of the pathogens. Catalase-treated CFCSs displayed a strong decreased activity. Tested alone, hydrogen peroxide triggered a concentration-dependent killing activity against all three pathogens. Lactic acid alone developed a killing activity only at concentrations higher than that present in CFCSs. In the presence of lactic acid at a concentration present in Lactobacillus CFCSs, hydrogen peroxide displayed enhanced killing activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that for hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus strains, the main metabolites of Lactobacillus, lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, act co-operatively to kill enteric, vaginosis-associated and uropathogenic pathogens.