WorldWideScience

Sample records for salames fatiados embalados

  1. "Quantificação de Listeria monocytogenes em salames fatiados embalados a vácuo"

    OpenAIRE

    Ichiro Sakate, Ricardo; Casale Aragon, Lina; Raghiante, Fernanda; Landgra, Mariza; Bernadette D. G. M, Franco; Destro, Maria Teresa

    2003-01-01

    RESUMO. Pouco se sabe, no Brasil e na América do Sul, sobre a ocorrência de Listeria monocytogenes em embutidos cárneos fermentados, fatiados, embalados a vácuo. Por suas características de produção e armazenamento, estes produtos são potenciais veiculadores deste patógeno ao ser humano, principalmente imunodeprimidos, idosos e grávidas, levando a disfunções gastrintestinais e neurológicas. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas 45 amostras de diferentes tipos e marcas de salames fatiados embalados...

  2. Influência das condições de armazenamento sobre os pigmentos cárneos e a cor do salame italiano fatiado Influence the storage conditions on the meats pigments and the color of the sliced italian salame

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Michele Marches

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available O consumo de produtos cárneos fatiados tem aumentado nos últimos anos, particularmente os produtos curados como o salame. Os vários tipos de salame existentes são fatiados pelas indústrias de carne e/ou pelos supermercados, sem levar em conta as possíveis alterações que possam vir a ocorrer com tal procedimento. As alterações que ocorrem nos pigmentos cárneos totais e nitrosos repercutem na cor, que é detectada pelo consumidor e influencia diretamente no consumo de produtos desta natureza. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da intensidade de luz, do oxigênio e da temperatura na conversão dos pigmentos cárneos em nitrosos, na quantidade de pigmentos cárneos totais e nitrosos e no índice de cor vermelha, nas fatias de salame tipo italiano. Tais fatias foram acondicionadas em quatro modelos de embalagens diferentes quanto à permeabilidade à luz e ao oxigênio e armazenadas durante 32 dias em temperaturas de 10 °C e 15 °C sob 930 LUX, continuamente, sendo estas condições similares às empregadas em gôndolas de supermercados. A quantidade dos pigmentos cárneos totais e nitrosos, o índice de cor vermelha (a*, determinado pelo método CIE* Lab, foram mensurados nas fatias no zero, 4º, 6º, 12º, 14º, 19º, 25º, 27º e 32º dia de armazenamento. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância e teste de Tukey, adotando nível de confiança de 95% (p The consumption of sliced meat products has grown in the last few years, especially for cured products as pastrami. The different kinds of pastrami are sliced by meat industry or in the supermarkets, without concern on possible alterations that may occur in the product. The changes on the total and nitrous meat pigments influence the color of the product, which is detected by the consumer, and thus directly influences the consumption of this kind of product. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of light

  3. Salam Memorial

    CERN Document Server

    Rubbia, Carlo

    1997-01-01

    by T.W.B. KIBBLE / Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London. Recollections of Abdus Salam at Imperial College I shall give a personal account of Professor Salam's life and work from the perspective of a colleague at Imperial College, concentrating particularly but not exclusively on the period leading up to the discovery of the electro-weak theory. If necessary I could perhaps give more detail, but only once I have given more thought to what ground I shall cover. by Sheldon Lee GLASHOW / Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Memories of Abdus Salam. My interactions with Abdus Salam, weak as they have been, extended over five decades. I regret that we never once collaborated in print or by correspondence. I visited Abdus only twice in London and twice again in Trieste, and met him at the occasional conference or summer school. Our face-to-face encounters could be counted on one's fingers and toes, but we became the best of friends. Others will discuss Abdus as an inspiring teacher, as a great scientist,...

  4. Quaternionic Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morita, Katsusada

    1982-01-01

    A quaternionic Weinberg-Salam theory is formulated based on the assumption that fermio ns and Higgs mesons are defined over quaternions. The new formalism, reproducing the left-right symmetric SU(2)sub(L) x SU(2)sub(R) x U(1) Weinberg-Salam theory at the phenomenological level, offers an algebraic explanation for replication of quarks and leptons in flavor doublets, and correlates the spontaneous symmetry breakdown to U(1)sub(em) with the existence of Fock space for gauge singlets but not for quaternionic states. In particular, the quaternionic variational principle introduced to canonically quantize the quaternionic fields in conformity with the gauge-singlet Fock-space formulation and the spontaneous symmetry breakdown. Physical states must be gauge singlets since they belong to the Fock space. (author)

  5. The Weinberg-Salam model and its extension

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abak, M.

    1980-01-01

    In this paper, an elementary description of unified theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions (Weinberg-Salam model) and their extensions is given. The electromagnetic form factors of the neutrino are discussed and its magnetic moment has been obtained on the basis of the SUsub(2,L) x SUsub(2,R) x U 1 model. Further the matrix element of the photon-photon process important for astrophysics is calculated by the SUsub(2,L) x U 1 model of Weinberg and Salam. Also, some neutral-current consequences for the supernovae are discussed. (author)

  6. Modeling commodity salam contract between two parties for discrete and continuous time series

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hisham, Azie Farhani Badrol; Jaffar, Maheran Mohd

    2017-08-01

    In order for Islamic finance to remain competitive as the conventional, there needs a new development of Islamic compliance product such as Islamic derivative that can be used to manage the risk. However, under syariah principles and regulations, all financial instruments must not be conflicting with five syariah elements which are riba (interest paid), rishwah (corruption), gharar (uncertainty or unnecessary risk), maysir (speculation or gambling) and jahl (taking advantage of the counterparty's ignorance). This study has proposed a traditional Islamic contract namely salam that can be built as an Islamic derivative product. Although a lot of studies has been done on discussing and proposing the implementation of salam contract as the Islamic product however they are more into qualitative and law issues. Since there is lack of quantitative study of salam contract being developed, this study introduces mathematical models that can value the appropriate salam price for a commodity salam contract between two parties. In modeling the commodity salam contract, this study has modified the existing conventional derivative model and come out with some adjustments to comply with syariah rules and regulations. The cost of carry model has been chosen as the foundation to develop the commodity salam model between two parties for discrete and continuous time series. However, the conventional time value of money results from the concept of interest that is prohibited in Islam. Therefore, this study has adopted the idea of Islamic time value of money which is known as the positive time preference, in modeling the commodity salam contract between two parties for discrete and continuous time series.

  7. Abdus Salam

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ziman, John

    Mr. Vice-Chancellor Only connect! That is the theme that runs through the life and work of Abdus Salam. He has followed the teaching of Islam and has dedicated his life to the principle of unity — the unity of Nature and the unity of Mankind. As a natural philosopher he has seen that the various interactions of the elementary particles must be no more than diverse aspects of a single primary force. As a political and moral leader he has demonstrated that the various interactions of nations and cultures are no obstacle to the brotherhood of Man in science…

  8. EGG TRAY DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isna Bekti Pertiwi

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Telur ayam ras merupakan salah satu makanan yang bergizi tinggi dengan rasa yang enak dan harga relatif murah serta dapat diolah menjadi berbagai macam produk makanan. Namun, telur ayam ras mentah memiliki sifat mudah menurun kualitasnya dan mudah rusak karena lama wak-tu simpan telur yang relatif pendek. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui pe-ngaruh penggunaan baki telur daun salam (Eugenia polyantha terhadap lama waktu simpan telur ayam ras mentah yang dicuci dan tidak dicuci, dan secara khusus bertujuan untuk menge-tahui pengaruh perbandingan komposisi 0 %, 20 % dan 40 % dari daun salam yang digunakan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah true experiment dengan rancangan post test only with control group. Sebagai kontrol adalah baki telur yang biasa dijumpai di pasaran. Di setiap baki telur, pa-da suhu kamar diletakkan masing-masing 10 butir telur yang tidak dicuci dan 10 butir telur yang dicuci sebelumnya. Pengamatan lama waktu simpan telur dilakukan selama dua puluh tujuh hari dengan melihat perubahan kondisi telur-telur tersebut. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova satu jalan pada α 0,05; dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa baki telur dengan komposisi daun salam 40 % adalah yang paling efektif dalam memperpanjang lama waktu simpan telur ayam ras mentah yang dicuci. Nilai mean difference yan dihasilkan adalah 14.00000 dan nilai p lebih kecil dari 0,001.

  9. Memorial meeting for professor Abdus Salam's 90th birthday

    CERN Document Server

    Duff, Michael; Khoo Phua, Kok; Memorial volume on Abdus Salam's 90th birthday

    2017-01-01

    In honor of one of the most prolific and exciting scientists of the second half of the last century, a memorial meeting was organized by the Institute of Advanced Studies at Nanyang Technological University for Professor Abdus Salam's 90th Birthday in January 2016. Salam believed that "scientific thought is the common heritage of all mankind" and that the developing world should play its part, not merely by importing technology but by being the arbiter of its own scientific destiny. That belief saw him rise from humble beginnings in a village in Pakistan to become one of the world's most original and influential particle physicists, culminating in the 1979 Nobel Prize (shared with Glashow and Weinberg) for contributions to electroweak unification, which forms an integral part of the Standard Model. The book collected the papers presented at this memorable event which saw many distinguished scientists participating as speakers to reflect on Prof Salam's great passion for the science and achievements.

  10. Operator regularization in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chowdhury, A.M.; McKeon, D.G.C.

    1987-01-01

    The technique of operator regularization is applied to the Weinberg-Salam model. By directly regulating operators that arise in the course of evaluating path integrals in the background-field formalism, we preserve all symmetries of the theory. An expansion due to Schwinger is employed to compute amplitudes perturbatively, thereby avoiding Feynman diagrams. No explicitly divergent quantities arise in this approach. The general features of the method are outlined with particular attention paid to the problem of simultaneously regulating functions of an operator A and inverse functions upon which A itself depends. Specific application is made to computation of the one-loop contribution to the muon-photon vertex in the Weinberg-Salam model in the limit of zero momentum transfer to the photon

  11. Effects of one-loop corrections in the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bardin, D.Y.; Fedorenko, O.M.; Christova, P.C.

    1982-01-01

    We have studied the one-loop effects in the Weinberg-Salam theory in the natural renormalization scheme which we have generalized to the case of an arbitrary unitary mixing of the fermion fields. We have discussed in detail the problems which are connected with carrying out the renormalization program in the Weinberg-Salam theory. We have calculated the masses of the W and Z bosons. We present a description of the finite renormalizations which relate to each other the three definitions of the Weinberg parameter sin 2 theta/sub W/

  12. The Abdus Salam dream

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zichichi, A.

    1994-01-01

    The frontiers in Physics are dominated by the contributors of Abdus Salam in terms of new basic ideas. These contributions have their most fascinating synthesis in the following question: does the Superworld exist? The only possible answer to this question is to review the most basic results of Super-Grand unification. We focus the attention on two specific models and their predictions. These two models represent an example of a direct comparison between a traditional unified-theory and a string-inspired approach to the solution of the many open problems of the Standard Model. Viable models must satisfy all available experimental constraints and be as simple as theoretically possible. The two well defined supergravity models, SU(5) and SU(5) x U(1), can be described in terms of only a few parameters (five and three respectively) instead of the more than twenty needed in the MSSM model, i.e., the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. A case of special interest is the strict no-scale SU(5) x U(1) supergravity where all predictions depend on only one parameter (plus the top-quark mass). A general consequence of these analyses is that the Superworld can be at the verge of discovery, lurking around the corner at present and near future facilities. This is in fact the projection of Salam's dream in the real axis. (author). 45 refs, 10 figs, 1 tab

  13. Topology in the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manton, N.S.

    1983-01-01

    We show that the configuration space of the classical, bosonic Weinberg-Salam theory has a noncontractible loop. This probably implies that there is an unstable, static, finite-energy solution of the field equations. Its energy is the height of the barrier for tunneling between ''topologically distinct'' vacuums. We establish an upper bound on this energy of order 10 TeV

  14. Reformulation of the Salam-Weinberg unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, I.

    1981-01-01

    It is shown that the various fields (gauge potentials, etc.) in the Salam-Weinberg unified theory can be redefined such that i) the redefined fields are invariant under the SU 2 gauge transformations, ii) the original Lagrangian can be expressed entirely in terms of the redefined fields. The reformulated version of the Salam-Weinberg model has two first-class and six second-class constraints in contrast with the original version which has eight first-class constraints. This has the consequence that in the reformulated version the SU 2 x U 1 symmetry, which seems to be reduced to U 1 at the Lagrangian stage, is recovered for the algebra of charges when their Dirac brackets are identified with the commutators. It is suggested that the Salam-Weinberg model may be looked upon as an example of confined dichromatism. (author)

  15. Electron-electron scattering in the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hirashima, Hideharu

    1988-01-01

    The Weinberg theory is generally believed to have been established in recent years. At distances smaller than 10 -16 cm, the strength of weak interactions becomes almost equal to that of the electromagnetic interactions. The grand unified theories proposed so far are based on the idea that the coupling constants for the Abelian U(1) field, the non-Abelian SU(2) field and the non-Abelian SU(3) color field depend on momentum transfer, or distance. At distances smaller than 10 -29 cm, weak electromagnetic and strong interactions are assumed to become almost the same strength. The question here is whether nature has no new features in the vast range from 10 -16 cm (10 2 GeV) to 10 -29 cm (10 15 GeV) and whether the substructure of quark or lepton can be expected to be revealed at the next accelerator energy region. The Weinberger-Salam theory may lose its validity even in near future experiments. In any case, it must be overhauled from various aspects. From this point of view, by using the Weinberger-Salam theory, calculation of the differential cross section for elastic electron-electron scattering is re-examined to make clear the difference with the results of QED. In addition, as an example of experiments which could investigate the Weinberger-Salam theory more in detail, a short account is given of the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from a polarized electron target. (Nogami, K.)

  16. Reformulation od spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rawat, A.S.; Rawat, S.; Negi, O.P.S.

    1999-01-01

    Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Weinberg-Salam model have been reformulated in terms of quaternion-valued field variables. The quaternion-valued scalar Lagrangian reduces to four different field equations associated with the scalar quartet of a quaternion field φ φ 0 +e 1φ1 +e 2φ2 +e 3φ3 . It has been shown that the quaternion gauge group SO(4) is spontaneously broken to two gauge groups of SU(2) non Abelian gauge fields. The Weinberg-Salam model of electroweak interaction has been extensively studied to enlarge the gauge group structure SU(2) L xSU(2) R xU(1)

  17. AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA E MICROSCÓPICA DE PRESUNTOS FATIADOS REFRIGERADOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JULIANA SERIO

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available

    A manipulação e armazenamento inadequados de presuntos podem torná-los potencias transmissores de gastroenterites alimentares. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características microbiológicas e microscópicas de presuntos fatiados refrigerados comercializados em supermercados na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram coletadas amostras de presuntos fatiados em 4 redes de supermercados, levadas ao laboratório e analisadas quanto à contagem de bactérias mesófilas, bolores e leveduras, coliformes a 35º e a 45º C. Para a observação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura as amostras foram submetidas à préfixação em glutaraldeído e paraformaldeído, pós-fixação em OsO4, desidratação, montagem em “stubs’ e cobertas com uma fina camada de ouro. As amostras apresentaram contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variando entre 105 e 108 UFC/g e de bolores e leveduras de 105 UFC/g. Todos os presuntos avaliados apresentaram coliformes a 35oC, variando entre 7 e 2400 NMP/g, não sendo constatada a presença de coliformes a 45oC. Nas eletromicrografias obtidas detectou-se a presença de um espesso biofilme recobrindo as superfícies dos presuntos, constituído por numerosas bactérias e mucilagem. Sob aumento de 10.000 vezes, foi possível observar bactérias com distintas formas e arranjos. Os valores de coliformes a 35ºC e as contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e bolores e leveduras, além de biofilmes encontrados podem ser um indício de inadequadas condições higiênico-sanitárias durante o processamento, transporte ou distribuição dos presuntos.

  18. Qualidade de pequis fatiados e inteiros submetidos ao congelamento Quality of whole and sliced pequi submitted to freezing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brígida Monteiro Vilas Boas

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de pequis inteiros e fatiados submetidos ao congelamento por ar forçado durante 12 meses de armazenamento. Os frutos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados, descascados, branqueados, resfriados, fatiados e mantidos inteiros, acondicionados em saco de polietileno de baixa densidade, congelados em túnel de congelamento com ar forçado por 6 horas (-18°C e armazenados em congelador doméstico a -18°C (±2°C, por 12 meses. A cada três meses, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, firmeza, valores L*, a*, b*, h° e C*, carotenoides totais, β-caroteno, vitamina C, índice de peróxidos, coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. O congelamento do pequi inteiro é mais efetivo em preservar os teores de sólidos solúveis e vitamina C e os valores L* e b* quando comparado com o do pequi fatiado. O tempo de armazenamento de 12 meses determina redução nos valores a*, b*, C* e de firmeza e nos teores de sólidos solúveis, carotenoides totais, β-caroteno e vitamina C em pequi congelado, independentemente do corte usado. O pequi congelado não sofre o processo de rancificação oxidativa nem alterações no pH, nos teores de acidez titulável e na tonalidade de cor (h°. Pequis congelados, na forma inteira e fatiada, são considerados seguros microbiologicamente durante 12 meses de armazenamento, não oferecendo riscos à saúde dos consumidores, desde que obedecidas à cadeia de frio e às boas práticas de fabricação.This research was carried out aiming to evaluate the quality of pequi fruit (whole and sliced after forced-air freezing storage during 12 months. The fruits were submitted to treatments as follows: selecting, washing, sanitizing, peeling, blanching, cooling, and slicing or not. After that, the fruits were storage using low density polyethylene bags and submitted to forced-air freezing (-18°C for 6 hours and

  19. Masses in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Flores, F.A.

    1984-01-01

    This thesis is a detailed discussion of the currently existing limits on the masses of Higgs scalars and fermions in the Weinberg-Salam model. The spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry of the model generates arbitrary masses for Higgs scalars and fermions, which for the known fermions have to be set to their experimentally known values. In this thesis, the authors discuss in detail both the theoretical and experimental constraints on these otherwise arbitrary masses

  20. Salam-Weinberg symmetry breaking with superheavy Higgs particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Misra, S.P.

    1986-09-01

    We discuss here the possibility of the breaking of the Salam-Weinberg symmetry by Higgs particles which are superheavy. The symmetry-breaking is associated with a nonzero vacuum expectation value of fermion condensates. This mechanism, if operative in nature, will imply the absence of Higgs particles at the weak scale. (author)

  1. Family physics with S4 and Pati-Salam

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Adelhart Toorop, R.

    2010-01-01

    Family symmetries and grand unified symmetries can bring more structure in the mass sector of the standard model and explain the patterns in the quarks’ and leptons’ masses and mixing. We discuss in particular a model with a Pati-Salam × S4 symmetry. This model can explain the observed neutrino

  2. Ideals and realities selected essays of Abdus Salam

    CERN Document Server

    Salam, Abdus; Lai, CH

    1989-01-01

    The latest edition of "Ideals and Realities" includes some of the most recent talks given by Professor Abdus Salam. They replace a few essays which were published in the second edition. An attempt has also been made to update some of the figures rendered absolete with the passage of time.

  3. Model for extended Pati-Salam gauge symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foot, R.; Lew, H.; Volkas, R.R.

    1990-11-01

    The possibility of constructing non-minimal models of the Pati-Salam type is investigated. The most interesting examples are found to have an SU(6) x SU(2) L x SU(2) R guage invariance. Two interesting symmetry breaking patterns are analysed: one leading to the theory of SU(5) colour at an intermediate scale, the other to the quark-lepton symmetric model. 15 refs

  4. Spontaneous CP-violation in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lahanas, A.B.; Papadopoulos, N.J.

    1977-01-01

    The theory of spontaneous CP-violation proposed by Lee is applied to the standard Weinberg-Salam model with four quark flavours. The magnitude of the epsilon-parameters is determined and the neutrons dipole moment is estimated to be ( -23 cm. The epsilon'-parameter and possible extension to a model with more quarks are discussed

  5. On a derivation of the Salam-Weinberg model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Squires, E.J.

    1979-01-01

    It is shown how the graded Lie-algebra structure of a recent derivation of the Salam-Weinberg model might arise from the form of allowed transformations on the lepton lagrangian in a 6-dimensional space. The possibility that the model might allow two identically coupled leptonic sectors, and others in which the chiralites are reversed, are discussed. (Auth.)

  6. q-deformed Weinberg-Salam model and q-deformed Maxwell equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alavi, S.A.; Sarbishaei, M.; Mokhtari, A.

    2000-01-01

    We study the q-deformation of the gauge part of the Weinberg-Salam model and show that the q-deformed theory involves new interactions. We then obtain q-deformed Maxwell equations from which magnetic monopoles appear naturally. (author)

  7. Weak interaction potentials of nucleons in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lobov, G.A.

    1979-01-01

    Weak interaction potentials of nucleons due to the nonet vector meson exchange are obtained in the Weinberg-Salam model using the vector-meson dominance. Contribution from the hadronic neutral currents to the weak interaction potential due to the charged pion exchange is obtained. The isotopic structure of the obtained potentials, that is unambiguous in the Weinberg-Salam model, is investigated. Enhancement of the nucleon weak interaction in nuclei resulting from the hadronic neutral currents is discussed. A nuclear one-particle weak interaction potential is presented that is a result of averaging of the two-particle potential over the states of the nuclear core. An approach to the nucleon weak interaction based on the quark model, is discussed. Effects of the nucleon weak interaction in the radiative capture of a thermal neutron by a proton, are considered

  8. A new six-dimensional approach to the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manton, N.S.

    1979-01-01

    The bosonic sector of the Weinberg-Salam model is derived from a 6-dimensional Yang-Mills theory by imposing rotational symmetry in the extra, compact dimensions. The Weinberg angle and the mass of the Higgs particle are predicted. (Auth.)

  9. The variational approach to the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manka, R.; Sladkowski, J.

    1987-01-01

    The variational approach to the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model, based on canonical quantization, is presented. It is shown that taking into consideration the Becchi-Rouet-Stora symmetry leads to the correct, temperature-dependent, effective potential. This generalization of the Weinberg-Coleman potential leads to a phase transition of the first kind

  10. Cabibbo angle and quark masses in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, E.; Pakvasa, S.

    1978-10-01

    The renormalization behavior of the Yukawa couplings in the Weinberg--Salam model is examined and its implication for the q 2 dependence of the Cabibbo angle and of the quark masses discussed. A possible explanation for m/sub u/ < m/sub d/ is found. 9 references

  11. Baryon and lepton number violation in the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mottola, E.

    1989-01-01

    This report discusses the concept of baryon and lepton number violation in the Weinberg-Salam theory. The topics discussed are: periodic vacua in quantum mechanics; tunnelling at finite temperature and classical thermal activation; calculation of the rate; an O(3) nonlinear sigma model; and the transition rate in the O(3) model

  12. Revisão: alimentos frescos minimamente processados embalados em atmosfera modificada Review: fresh, minimally processed foods packaged under modified atmosphere

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joana Silva Santos

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Os alimentos frescos, minimamente processados e embalados sob atmosfera modificada atraem os consumidores que procuram produtos frescos e saudáveis, e que, ao mesmo tempo, são fáceis de transportar e preparar. A atmosfera no interior das embalagens consiste numa mistura de gases que está otimizada para cada alimento, de modo a preservar as suas qualidades durante mais tempo. A manutenção da temperatura de refrigeração durante o processamento, o armazenamento, a distribuição e a comercialização é essencial, por causa da natureza perecível dos produtos frescos minimamente processados. Este trabalho discute o estado de arte dos alimentos frescos minimamente processados (frutas, vegetais, carnes e pescados embalados em atmosfera modificada, com uma descrição pormenorizada dos últimos desenvolvimentos nesse campo.Fresh, minimally processed foods packaged under modified atmospheres are attractive to consumers searching for fresh healthy products that are also easy to transport and prepare. The atmosphere inside the package is a blend of gases optimized for each type of food, such that the quality characteristics are preserved for longer. However, due to the perishable nature of minimally processed fresh foods, maintenance at refrigeration temperatures is essential during processing, storage, distribution and commercialization. This paper discusses the state of art of minimally processed fresh foods (fruit and vegetables, meat and fish packaged under modified atmosphere, with a detailed description of the latest developments in this field.

  13. AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzgium Polyanta DAN DAUN PANDAN (Pandanus Amaryllifolius [Antibacterial Activity Of (Syzygium Polyanta And Amaryllifolius Leaf Extracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Murhadi

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The objectives of this research were to study antibacterial activities of syzgium polyanta (“Salam” and Pandanus amaryllifolius (“Pandan” leaf extracts and the effect of wet heating (1000, up to 60 min on their antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtillis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Salam and pandan leaves powder was extracted using hot water (700C, 2 h, ethanol, ethanol/ethylacetate (1:1, v/v, and ethlacetate bt soxhlet (3x8 h separately. Each residue was further extracted using the same solvent by shaker (250 rpm, 24 h. finally filtrates were mixed and evaporated to produce the extract. Salam leaf ethanol extract (yield 11.50% showed highest antibacterial activity especially towards P. aeruginosa (diameter of inhibitor 6.5 mm/mg and B. subtilis (6.3 mm/mg. Pandan leaf erhanol/ethylacetate extract (yield 15.61 % also showed antibacterial activity towards P. aeruginosa (4.25 mm/mg and B. subtilis (3.2 mm/mg. In general, salam leaf extracts showed higher antibacterial activity than pandan leaf extracts. Pandan and salam leaf water extracts had no antibacterial activity. Escerichia coli was more resistant to the extracts compared Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of salam leaf ethylacetate extract decreased 6.55%, lower than that of pandan leaf ethylacetate extract (18.48% after heating 1000C for 10up to 60 min.

  14. Vacuum instability, cosmology and constraints on particle masses in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Linde, A.D.

    1980-01-01

    A set of constraints on the masses of particles in the Weinberg-Salam model is obtained. It is shown in particular that in the absence of superheavy fermions (msub(F) 2 thetasub(W) approx. 0.23. (orig.)

  15. A remark on divergence cancellations in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horejsi, J.

    1980-01-01

    An alternative proof of ultraviolet divergence cancellation (at the one-loop level) in certain ratios of renormalized coupling constants in the Weinberg-Salam model is suggested. Working in the unitary gauge, we use a simple coordinate-space method for manipulating Feynman integrals proposed by Kummer and Lane. In a particular example it is shown that this method provides an extremely useful tool for solving the problem. (author)

  16. Scalar loops and the Higgs mass in the Salam-Weinberg-Glashow model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghose, P.

    1982-08-01

    It is shown that spontaneous symmetry breaking is predominantly driven by scalar loops in the standard Salam-Weinberg-Glashow model if lambda approx.=0(e 2 ). The Higgs mass is predicted to be 0(64 GeV), which is considerably higher than the Coleman Weinberg prediction. (author)

  17. The Weinberg-Salam model and early cosmology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinhardt, P.J.

    1981-01-01

    The consequences for cosmology of the phase transition in which SU(2) x U(1) symmetry is broken in the Weinberg-Salam model are discussed. The qualitative arguments concerning the effect of the phase transition on the baryon-to-entropy ratio that were recently posed by Witten for the case of a Coleman-Weinberg light Higgs boson are confirmed through exact numerical computations, but some quantitative disagreement is found. The computations are extended to the case in which the light Higgs boson is not of the Coleman-Weinberg type and the nature of the phase transition is discussed. Other cosmological effects are considered. (orig.)

  18. P-odd asymmetries in the deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering as a test of the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bilenkij, S.M.; Motz, G.

    1979-01-01

    The P-Odd asymmetries in the processes l +- + N → l +- + X with longitudinally polarized leptons are discussed in the framework of the Weinberg-Salam model. For the case of isoscalar targets the P-Odd asymmetries Asub(+-) are shown to be related to the cross sections of the process νsub(μ)(antiνsub(μ)) + N → μ +- + X using only the transformation properties of the neutral current. The measurement of both Asub(-) and Asub(+) would permit one to test the Weinberg-Salam model. (author)

  19. Strawberries packaged with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC film/ Morangos embalados com filme de Ppolicloreto de Vinila (PVC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Ruffo Roberto

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Strawberries cv. Dover with approximately 75% of their surface with red color was packaged in disposable polyethylene terephthalate (PET container and sealed with PVC film of 15mm thick. Strawberries without film serves as control. The fruits were stored at 12°C for ten days and there were determined during storage time the titratable acidity, solid soluble and vitamin C contents, color, respiration rate, texture and weight loss. After 6 days the strawberries packaged without film had decayed while the fruits packaged with PVC film were in conditions of consumption and commercialization. After 10 days all fruits were inappropriate to consumption. Packages with PVC film extended the shelf life of strawberries preserving the color characteristic of the product and vitamin C content, reducing the respiration rate and weight loss, characterizing this packaging as being adequate to this kind of product.Foram utilizados morangos cv. Dover com aproximadamente 75% de sua superfície com coloração vermelha e embalados em potes de polietileno tereftalato (PET. No tratamento CONTROLE os morangos foram acondicionados sem filme e no tratamento FILME, as embalagens foram seladas com filme de PVC de 15mm de espessura. As frutas foram armazenadas a 12°C por dez dias e foram determinadas ao longo do tempo acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, vitamina C, cor, taxa de respiração, textura e perda de massa. Após 6 dias de armazenagem os morangos CONTROLE estavam impróprios para consumo pois apresentavam deterioração visível por bolores enquanto que os embalados com PVC estavam em condições de consumo e comercialização. Após 10 dias todos os morangos estavam impróprios para consumo. A embalagem utilizando filme de PVC aumentou a vida de prateleira de morangos em relação aos sem embalagem pois preservou melhor a coloração característica do produto e teor de vitamina C e reduziu as taxas de respiração e de perda de massa, caracterizando a

  20. B-decay anomalies in Pati-Salam SU(4)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barbieri, Riccardo; Tesi, Andrea

    2018-03-01

    Attempts to incorporate in a coherent picture the B-decay anomalies presumably observed in b→ c and b→ s semi-leptonic decays have to face the absence of signals in other related experiments, both at low and at high energies. By extending and making more precise the content of Barbieri et al. (Eur Phys J C 77(1):8, 2017), we describe one such attempt based on the Pati-Salam SU(4) group, that unifies colour and the B- L charge, in the context of a new strongly interacting sector, equally responsible for producing a pseudo-Goldstone Higgs boson.

  1. Pati-Salam version of subcritical hybrid inflation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bryant, B. Charles; Raby, Stuart

    2016-05-01

    In this paper we present a model of subcritical hybrid inflation with a Pati-Salam (PS) symmetry group. Both the inflaton and waterfall fields contribute to the necessary e -foldings of inflation, while only the waterfall field spontaneously breaks PS hence monopoles produced during inflation are diluted during the inflationary epoch. The model is able to produce a tensor-to-scalar ratio, r model also incorporates a Z4R symmetry which can resolve the μ problem and suppress dimension 5 operators for proton decay, leaving over an exact R parity. Finally the model allows for a complete three-family extension with a D4 family symmetry which reproduces low energy precision electroweak and LHC data.

  2. Skyrmion solutions to the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eilam, G.; Klabucar, D.; Stern, A.

    1986-01-01

    We find a spherically symmetric solution to the gauged SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ chiral model. It corresponds to a new classical solution to the Weinberg-Salam model in the limit of infinite self-coupling and sin 2 theta/sub W/ = 0. It has an energy of 11.6 TeV and is classically unstable under small perturbations of the fields. Quantum corrections may stabilize the solution via the introduction of higher-order terms in the effective action. We then investigate the solutions when a particular choice of a correction, the Skyrme term, is added to the Lagrangian. The energies of the (presumably) classically stable solutions are in the terraelectrovolt region

  3. SU(2) x U(1) x U'(1) models which are slightly different from the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, C.; Wu, D.

    1981-01-01

    We discuss SU(2) x U(1) x U'(1) models by a uniform formula which is convenient for their comparison with the standard Weinberg-Salam model. As examples, we give three interesting models which are based on different grand unification models. In one model, U'(1) does not contribute to the electromagnetic interaction; in the other two, both U(1) and U'(1) do contribute to the electromagnetic interaction. Also, the first two models can approach the standard Weinberg-Salam model as close as one wants; but the third model has limitations on it

  4. Scalar loops and the Higgs mass in the Salam-Weinberg-Glashow model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghose, P.

    1983-01-01

    It is shown that spontaneous symmetry breaking is predominantly driven by scalar loops in the standard Salam-Weinberg-Glashow model if lambdaapproximately equal to O(e 2 ). The Higgs mass is predicted to be O(64 GeV), which is considerably higher than the Coleman-Weinberg prediction (1973 Phys. Rev. D 7 1888). (author)

  5. Efficient algorithms for construction of recurrence relations for the expansion and connection coefficients in series of Al-Salam-Carlitz I polynomials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Doha, E H; Ahmed, H M

    2005-01-01

    Two formulae expressing explicitly the derivatives and moments of Al-Salam-Carlitz I polynomials of any degree and for any order in terms of Al-Salam-Carlitz I themselves are proved. Two other formulae for the expansion coefficients of general-order derivatives D p q f(x), and for the moments x l D p q f(x), of an arbitrary function f(x) in terms of its original expansion coefficients are also obtained. Application of these formulae for solving q-difference equations with varying coefficients, by reducing them to recurrence relations in the expansion coefficients of the solution, is explained. An algebraic symbolic approach (using Mathematica) in order to build and solve recursively for the connection coefficients between Al-Salam-Carlitz I polynomials and any system of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials, belonging to the q-Hahn class, is described

  6. Weinberg-Salam model with two Higgs doublets and the ΔI = 1/2 rule

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Branco, G.C.

    1977-01-01

    It is suggested that the modification in the Higgs sector of the Weinberg-Salam model which is required by CP violation, also provides an explanation for the ΔI = 1/2 enhancement in the non-leptonic decays of strange particles. (orig.) [de

  7. e+e- annihilation in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davier, M.

    1980-01-01

    Electron-positron annihilation at high energies is a good probe of the neutral weak interaction and it is foreseen to be a privileged tool for the study of the neutral weak and electromagnetic currents. In these lectures, we analyse in detail the various tests of the gauge structure of these currents with particular emphasis on the SU(2) X U(1) Salam-Weinberg group. These tests include: study of the coupling of all fermions (leptons and quarks) to the neutral weak current, vector boson (Z 0 and W +- ) production. Higgs meson production and finally 3 and 4 boson couplings - a critical test of non-abelian group structure [fr

  8. Neutral current in the Weinberg-Salam gauge model and elastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on nucleons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sidhu, D.P.

    1976-01-01

    We study the elastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on nucleons in the Weinberg-Salam model of the neutral current. In particular, we incorporate into our calculation the experimental cuts relevant to the two recent BNL experiments and also fold in the BNL ν and anti ν spectra. Sensitivity of the calculation to the changes in the axial-vector-meson mass and the Weinberg angle are explored. We conclude that the Weinberg-Salam model prediction for R/sub el/ = / and the differential-cross-section measurements are not inconsistent with the data provided the uncertainty in the mass of the axial-vector meson M/sub A/ is taken into account. Similar predictions are given for anti νN scattering

  9. Unification of inflation, dark energy, and dark matter within the Salam-Sezgin cosmological model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henriques, Alfredo B.; Potting, Robertus; Sa, Paulo M.

    2009-01-01

    We investigate a cosmological model, based on the Salam-Sezgin six-dimensional supergravity theory and on previous work by Anchordoqui, Goldberg, Nawata, and Nunez. Assuming a period of warm inflation, we show that it is possible to extend the evolution of the model back in time, to include the inflationary period, thus unifying inflation, dark matter, and dark energy within a single framework. Like the previous authors, we were not able to obtain the full dark matter content of the universe from the Salam-Sezgin scalar fields. However, even if only partially successful, this work shows that present-day theories, based on superstrings and supergravity, may eventually lead to a comprehensive modeling of the evolution of the universe. We find that the gravitational-wave spectrum of the model has a nonconstant negative slope in the frequency range (10 -15 -10 6 ) rad/s, and that, unlike standard (cold) inflation models, it shows no structure in the MHz/GHz range of frequencies.

  10. Irreducible gauge theory of a consolidated Salam-Weinberg model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ne'eman, Y.

    1979-01-01

    The Salam-Weinberg model is derived by gauging an internal simple supergroup SU(2/1). The theory uniquely assigns the correct SU(2)sub(L) X U(1) eigenvalues for all leptons, fixes thetasub(W) = 30 0 , generates the W +- sub(sigma), Z 0 sub(sigma) and Asub(sigma) together with the Higgs-Goldstone Isub(L) = 1/2 scalar multiplets as gauge fields, and imposes the standard spontaneous breakdown of SU(2)sub(L) X U(1). The masses of intermediate bosons and fermions are directly generated by SU(2/1) universality, which also fixes the Higgs field coupling. (Auth.)

  11. Cosmic Anger Abdus Salam - The First Muslim Nobel Scientist

    CERN Document Server

    Fraser, Gordon Murray

    2008-01-01

    This book presents a biography of Abdus Salam, the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize for Science (Physics 1979), who was nevertheless excommunicated and branded as a heretic in his own country. His achievements are often overlooked, even besmirched. Realizing that the whole world had to be his stage, he pioneered the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, a vital focus of Third World science which remains as his monument. A staunch Muslim, he was ashamed of thedecline of science in the heritage of Islam, and struggled doggedly to restore it to its former glory. Undermined by

  12. The asymmetry in attenuation experiments and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model with extended Higgs sector

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santangelo, E.M.

    1983-01-01

    The asymmetry seen in beam-dump experiments done in CERN, between ν sub(e)/ν sup(-) sub(e) and ν sub(μ)/ν sup(-) sub(μ), is discussed using the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model with extended Higgs sector. (L.C.) [pt

  13. FOREWORD: International Workshop on Theoretical Plasma Physics: Modern Plasma Science. Sponsored by the Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shukla, P. K.; Stenflo, L.

    2005-01-01

    The "International Workshop on Theoretical Plasma Physics: Modern Plasma Science was held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (Abdus Salam ICTP), Trieste, Italy during the period 5 16 July 2004. The workshop was organized by P K Shukla, R Bingham, S M Mahajan, J T Mendonça, L Stenflo, and others. The workshop enters into a series of previous biennial activities that we have held at the Abdus Salam ICTP since 1989. The scientific program of the workshop was split into two parts. In the first week, most of the lectures dealt with problems concerning astrophysical plasmas, while in the second week, diversity was introduced in order to address the important role of plasma physics in modern areas of science and technology. Here, attention was focused on cross-disciplinary topics including Schrödinger-like models, which are common in plasma physics, nonlinear optics, quantum engineering (Bose-Einstein condensates), and nonlinear fluid mechanics, as well as emerging topics in fundamental theoretical and computational plasma physics, space and dusty plasma physics, laser-plasma interactions, etc. The workshop was attended by approximately hundred-twenty participants from the developing countries, Europe, USA, and Japan. A large number of participants were young researchers from both the developing and industrial countries, as the directors of the workshop tried to keep a good balance in inviting senior and younger generations of theoretical, computational and experimental plasma physicists to our Trieste activities. In the first week, there were extensive discussions on the physics of electromagnetic wave emissions from pulsar magnetospheres, relativistic magnetohydrodynamics of astrophysical objects, different scale sizes turbulence and structures in astrophysics. The scientific program of the second week included five review talks (60 minutes) and about thirty invited topical lectures (30 minutes). In addition, during the two weeks, there

  14. Renormalization effects on neutrino--electron scattering in the Weinberg-Salam theory of leptons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salomonson, P.; Ueda, Y.

    1975-01-01

    The renormalization program for nu-bar/sub mu/-e (or ν/sub mu/-e) scattering is formulated in the Weinberg-Salam theory. The explicit calculation is carried out in the one-loop approximation. With the aid of the continuous-dimension regularization method, both ultraviolet and infrared divergences can be removed in the unitary gauge. Numerical results are discussed

  15. Irreducible gauge theory of a consolidated Salam-Weinberg model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ne'eman, Y.

    1978-10-01

    The Salam-Weinberg model is derived by gauging an internal simple supergroup SU(2/1). The theory uniquely assigns the correct SU(2)/sub L/ circle x U(1) eigenvalues for all leptons and quarks, fixes theta /sub w/ = 30 0 , generates the W/sub sigma//sup +-/, Z/sub sigma//sup 0/ and A/sub sigma/ together with the Higgs-Goldstone I/sub L/ = 1/2 scalar multiplets as gauge fields, and imposes the standard spontaneous breakdown of SU(2)/sub L/ circle x U(1). The masses of intermediate bosons and fermions are directly generated by SU(2/1) university, which also fixes the Higgs field coupling

  16. A direct test of the Weinberg-Salam model based on the investigation of p-odd asymmetries in the processes l-++N → l-++X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bilen'ky, S.M.; Motz, G.

    1978-01-01

    In the framework of the Weinberg-Salam model the p-odd asymmetries Asub(+-) of the processes l -+ +N → l -+ +X with polarized leptons are shown to be related to the inclusive cross sections νsub(μ)(anti vsub(μ))+N → μ - (μ + )+X on an isoscalar target. It is shown that measurements of both Asub(-) and Asub(+) would permit one to test the Weinberg-Salam theory without dynamical assumptions

  17. Radiative Corrections for Wto e barν Decay in the Weinberg-Salam Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Inoue, K.; Kakuto, A.; Komatsu, H.; Takeshita, S.

    1980-09-01

    The one-loop corrections for the Wto e barν decay rate are calculated in the Weinberg-Salam model with arbitrary number of generations. The on-shell renormalization prescription and the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge are employed. Divergences are treated by the dimensional regularization method. Some numerical estimates for the decay rate are given in the three-generation model. It is found that there are significant corrections mainly owing to fermion-mass singularities.

  18. Weinberg-Salam theory in non-commutative geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morita, Katsusada; Okumura, Yoshitaka.

    1994-01-01

    Ordinary differential calculus on smooth manifold is generalized so as to construct gauge theory coupled to fermions on discrete space M 4 xZ 2 which is an underlying space-time in the non-commutative geometry for the standard model. We can reproduce not only the bosonic sector but also the fermionic sector of the Weinberg-Salam theory without recourse to the Dirac operator at the outset. Treatment of the fermionic sector is based on the generalized spinor one-forms from which the Dirac lagrangian is derived through taking the inner product. Two model constructions are presented using our formalism, both giving the classical mass relation m H = √2m w . The first model leaves the Weinberg angle arbitrary as usual, while the second one predicts sin 2 θ w = 1/4 in the tree level. This prediction is the same as that of Connes but we obtain it from correct hypercharge assignment of 2x2 matrix-valued Higgs field and from vanishing photon mass, thereby dispensing with Connes' 0-trace condition or the equivalent. (author)

  19. Phenomenological analysis of D-brane Pati-Salam vacua

    CERN Document Server

    Anastasopoulos, P.; Vlachos, N.D.

    2010-01-01

    In the present work we perform a phenomenological analysis of the effective low energy models with Pati-Salam (PS) gauge symmetry derived in the context of D-branes. A main issue in these models arises from the fact that the right-handed fermions and the PS-symmetry breaking Higgs field transform identically under the PS symmetry, causing unnatural matter-Higgs mixing effects. We argue that this problem could be solved in particular D-brane setups where these fields arise in different intersections. We further observe that whenever a large Higgs mass term is generated in a particular class of mass spectra, a splitting mechanism -reminiscent of the doublet triplet splitting- may protect the neutral Higgs components from a heavy mass term. We analyze the implications of each individual representation which in principle is available in these models in order to specify the minimal spectrum required to build up a consistent PS model which reconciles the low energy data. A short discussion is devoted on the effects...

  20. Histoarquitetura, função endócrina e taxa de gravidez após auto-implante ovariano ortotópico íntegro e fatiado em coelha

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petroianu Andy

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: verificar a possibilidade de gestação natural em coelha, após ooforectomia total bilateral e auto-implante ovariano ortotópico (íntegro e fatiado, sem pedículo vascular e avaliar os aspectos morfofuncionais dos ovários reimplantados. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas trinta e duas coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia Branca. No grupo controle (GC (n=8 foi realizada apenas laparotomia e laparorrafia. No grupo RI (n=8, reimplantou-se o ovário na forma íntegra. No grupo RF (n=8, reimplantou-se o ovário na forma fatiada e, no grupo RIF (n=8, reimplantou-se, de um lado, o ovário íntegro e, do outro lado, fatiado. A partir do terceiro mês pós-operatório, cada coelha foi colocada em gaiola junto com um macho fértil, para cópula. Dosou-se o estradiol, a progesterona, o hormônio folículo-estimulante e o hormônio luteinizante de cada animal no nono mês pós-operatório. Foram estudadas as morfologias macro e microscópica dos ovários, tubas e útero, de todos os animais. O número de gestações e de filhotes nascidos em cada grupo foi avaliado por meio do teste chi² e as dosagens hormonais foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student, considerando p<0,05 como significância. RESULTADOS: todas as coelhas do GC engravidaram, entre o segundo e terceiro meses após início da cópula, com número de filhotes variando entre 6 e 10 animais. Nos demais grupos, as gestações ocorreram entre o quinto e o oitavo mês pós-operatório. A porcentagem de gravidez observada foi de 37,5% no grupo RI e 50% nos grupos RF e RIF. Não houve diferença entre os números de filhotes dos grupos com ovários reimplantados, que foi de 1 a 4 animais. Os níveis hormonais e o estudo morfofuncional dos ovários, tubas e úteros não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: o auto-implante ovariano ortotópico em coelhas, na forma íntegra ou fatiada, sem pedículo vascular, é viável, além de preservar as funções hormonais e a fertilidade.

  1. Memorial Meeting for Nobel Laureate Professor Abdus Salam's 90th Birthday

    CERN Document Server

    2016-01-01

    Abdus Salam was one of the most prolific and exciting scientists of the second half of the last century. From humble beginnings in a village in Pakistan, he rose to become one of the world's most original and influential particle physicists. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize with Glashow and Weinberg for contributions to electroweak unification, which forms an integral part of the Standard Model. He was the first Pakistani Nobel Laureate and the second only Muslim after Anwar Sadat. After gaining his doctorate in Cambridge, he moved to Imperial College in 1957 where he founded the very successful Theoretical High Energy Physics Group. He remained there as Professor of Physics until his death in 1996.

  2. USO DE NATAMICINA NO CONTROLE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FUNGOS EM SALAME TIPO ITALIANO

    OpenAIRE

    Jean Carlos Brustolin

    2009-01-01

    Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da natamicina em diferentes concentrações e forma de aplicação no controle do desenvolvimento de bolores e leveduras em salames tipo italiano maturados em salas de maturação de madeira. O acompanhamento foi realizado através de contagem de bolores e leveduras com swabs e acompanhamento fotográfico semanal. Também foi avaliado o efeito da natamicina em relação a aspectos físico químicos como a atividade de água, umidade, gordura e pro...

  3. ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE STAPHLOCOCCUS XYLOSUS DE SALAMES COLONIAIS: UM ESTUDO PRELIMINAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréia CIROLINI

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available

    A pesquisa teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar cepas de Staphylococcus xylosus de salames coloniais. As linhagens foram coletadas de 3 amostras de salames coloniais comercializadas na região central do RS. As culturas foram selecionadas em meio ágar Baird Parker e incubadas a 36°C por 48h. Foram isoladas 5 colônias de cada amostra para posterior caracterização através de coloração de Gram, teste de coagulase, catalase, crescimento a concentração de 10% e 15% de NaCl em ágar nutriente e crescimento à temperatura de 15°C e 45°C em caldo BHI (Brain Heart Infusion. Para identifi cação do micro-organismo foi aplicado o kit Api Staph (Biomérieux. Através das análises realizadas, as cepas apresentaram características típicas do Staphylococccus xylosus como Gram positivo, coagulase negativo e catalase positivo, crescimento sob as diferentes concentrações de NaCl e crescimento às temperaturas de 15°C e 45°C, sendo selecionadas para posterior identifi cação no kit Api Staph. Decorrido o tempo de 24h à 35°C - 37°C, efetuou-se a leitura e interpretação dos resultados, onde das 15 cepas isoladas, 2 cepas foram identificadas como Staphylococcus xylosus.

  4. QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE SALAMES E QUEIJOS COLONIAIS PRODUZIDOS E COMERCIALIZADOS NA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kérley Braga Pereira Bento Casaril

    2017-06-01

    e uma amostra com Salmonella spp. tornando-os queijos impróprios para o consumo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os salames e os queijos coloniais produzidos e comercializados na região sudoeste do Paraná devem merecer atenção dos órgãos de saúde pública, pois representam um risco potencial para a saúde do consumidor.

  5. Influência da embalagem na vida útil de presuntos fatiados Packing influence on the shelf life of sliced ham

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Bressan

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Visou-se com este trabalho, comparar a vida útil de presunto fatiado sem capa de gordura (condicionadas à temperatura entre -1 e 4ºC, usando os tratamentos: sistema de embalagem a vácuo (EV e sistema de embalagem com atmosfera modificada (AM (50% de N2 e 50% de O2, com os laminados flexíveis PET/PEBDL (AM1 e PVDC/EVA/PEBDL (AM2 sobre os parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos, por 35 dias. As análises realizadas foram: contagem padrão em placas (CCP, contagem de fungos (CF, pH e umidade. Nas análises do dia inicial de trabalho verificou-se a contagem de The aim of this work was to compare the shelf-life of sliced ham without fat layer storage in a range of temperature between 1º and 4ºC using the following treatments: vacuum packing (VP and packing with modified atmosphere (MA (50% of N2 and 50% of O2 using flexible sheets of PEAD/LDPE (MA1 and PVDC/EVA/LDPE (MA2 on microbiological and physical chemical parameters for 35 days. Analysis of plate count of microorganisms, pH and humidity were conduced to evaluate the shelf-life of ham. In the first day of analyze the countings of Staphylococcus aureus had been inferior to 10² CFU/g and for the other microorganisms inferior to 10¹ CFU/g. The packed with modified atmosphere increased five days in the shelf-life of the product when compared to vacuum packing. The initial pH (6.4 increased to 6.55, 6.58 and 6.63 on VP MA1 and MA2, respectively. The treatment MA2 increased the shelf-life when compared to modified atmosphere (1.

  6. PEMANFAATAN DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha SEBAGAI OBAT HERBAL DAN REMPAH PENYEDAP MAKANAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kun Harismah

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Eugenia polyantha, one of Indonesian medicine plant, often used in society as traditional medicine and also Indonesian culinary additives. Daun salam is called Indonesian bay-leaf, the leaves contain only tiny amounts of an essential oil 0.2%. As main components, eugenol, methyl chavicol, and citral have been identified. Thus application to used of Eugenia polyantha have done. The aim of the present work was the application of Eugenia polyantha for food and health in the community area of Keraton Surakarta. The results indicated that Eugenia polyantha is of particular interest, since it may be an alternative way to carry out of food flavor simultanous as herbal medicine.

  7. The potentiality of hydrocarbon generation of the Jurassic source rocks in Salam-3x well,

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed M. El Nady

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The present work deals with the identification of the potential and generating capability of oil generation in the Jurassic source rocks in the Salam-3x well. This depending on the organo-geochemical analyses of cutting samples representative of Masajid, Khatatba and Ras Qattara formations, as well as, representative extract samples of the Khatatba and Ras Qattara formations. The geochemical analysis suggested the potential source intervals within the encountered rock units as follows: Masajid Formation bears mature source rocks and have poor to fair generating capability for generating gas (type III kerogen. Khatatba Formation bears mature source rock, and has poor to good generating capability for both oil and gas. Ras Qattara Formation constituting mature source rock has good to very good generating capability for both oil and gas. The burial history modeling shows that the Masajid Formation lies within oil and gas windows; Khatatba and Ras Qattara formations lie within the gas window. From the biomarker characteristics of source rocks it appears that the extract is genetically related as the majority of them were derived from marine organic matters sources (mainly algae deposited under reducing environment and take the direction of increasing maturity and far away from the direction of biodegradation. Therefore, Masajid Formation is considered as effective source rocks for generating hydrocarbons, while Khatatba and Ras Qattara formations are the main source rocks for hydrocarbon accumulations in the Salam-3x well.

  8. Lepton-flavour violation in a Pati-Salam model with gauged flavour symmetry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feldmann, Thorsten; Luhn, Christoph; Moch, Paul [Theoretische Physik 1, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät,Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, 57068 Siegen (Germany)

    2016-11-11

    Combining Pati-Salam (PS) and flavour symmetries in a renormalisable setup, we devise a scenario which produces realistic masses for the charged leptons. Flavour-symmetry breaking scalar fields in the adjoint representations of the PS gauge group are responsible for generating different flavour structures for up- and down-type quarks as well as for leptons. The model is characterised by new heavy fermions which mix with the Standard Model quarks and leptons. In particular, the partners for the third fermion generation induce sizeable sources of flavour violation. Focusing on the charged-lepton sector, we scrutinise the model with respect to its implications for lepton-flavour violating processes such as μ→eγ, μ→3e and muon conversion in nuclei.

  9. Higgs potential and spinor connection within Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trostel, R.

    1987-01-01

    We arrive at a theory of the Higgs potential by extending the usual concept of the covariant derivative containing the gauge fields to one which also contains the Higgs fields, by using a spinor connection compatible under local gauge transformations. Not only the Yukawa couplings are geometrized by this procedure but also the nonlinear Higgs potential naturally appears within the curvature of the corresponding spinor connection. Taking the gauge group to be SU(2) x U(1), we arrive for the leptonic Weinberg Salam model at a Weinberg angle prediction of sin 2 θ=1/4 and at a Higgs mass of about 263-270 GeV without using any supersymmetry argument. Taking the gauge group to be SU(3) C x SU(2) x U(1) the above leptonic result is obtained only if e 2 /g S 2 is sufficiently small, which is approximately true. Working with two independent Higgs doublets we arrive at a Higgs mass sum rule, where two Higgs must have a mass of about 188 GeV. (author)

  10. Abdus Salam: The passionate, compassionate man and, his masterpiece, the ICTP

    Science.gov (United States)

    Virasoro, Miguel A.

    2017-03-01

    Abdus Salam was a great man in more than one dimension. The conception and building of the ICTP system required much more than the intelligence of a great scientist. I will stress those other facets that made him such a unique personality: the optimism that coloured his views about men and women, his love for his people and his commitment to the less favoured peoples of the world and a crucial ingredient, his deep and complex sense of ethical values that pushed him towards engagement in the political reality. Endowed with a formidable power of persuasion and a healthy lack of respect for norms or rules that are not based on justice he made a big difference on many of us and will remain as an icon for future generations. I will also describe the final touches that Salam’s collaborators and successors had to add to keep his heritage flourishing.

  11. On Tuesday 21 July, Director General Chris Llewellyn Smith unveiled the sign naming the Route Abdus Salam on the Meyrin site

    CERN Document Server

    Oliver O'Hanlon

    1998-01-01

    Photo no 02 : Also at the brief ceremony were some of those who contributed to these and subsequent physics developments at CERN, and for whom Salam's name has a special meaning : left to right - Maurice Jacob, John Ellis, Don Cundy, Chris Llewellyn Smith, Horst Wachsmuth, Luigi Di Lella, Alan Ball, Gregoire Kantardjian, Gordon Fraser, Guy Acquistapace.

  12. Perturbation constraint on particle masses in the Weinberg-Salam model with two massless Higgs doublets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, Kenzo; Nakano, Yoshimasa; Kakuto, Akira.

    1980-01-01

    The Weinberg-Salam model with two Higgs doublets is investigated. The spontaneous breakdown of the gauge symmetry is assumed to be produced by the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, keeping gauge hierarchies in grand unified theories in mind. A discrete symmetry is introduced to secure flavor-diagonal Yukawa interactions of neutral Higgs bosons and the absence of the axion. Bounds on various masses are obtained by imposing coupling constants to lie in a finite range for the validity of the perturbation theory. It will be found that there must be at least one Higgs boson whose mass is lighter than 40 GeV, in order to satisfy the perturbation constraint at the unification mass scale in grand unified theories. (author)

  13. Calculation of higher order radiation corrections to beta decay of hyperons in the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Margaritisz, Tanaszisz

    1984-01-01

    The Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory of unified electromagnetic and weak interactions, believed to be the correct quantum theory of these interactions, possesses the great advantage of being renormable. Thus the perturbation theory is applicable to calculate the radiative corrections of the tree-graph results. The present paper describes the detailed calculation of one-loop corrections to beta decay of hyperons. After defining the theory and fixing the gauge and renormalization conventions, the equations of weak and electromagnetic one-loop corrections are derived. Numerical evaluation of the equations was helped by algebraic and integrator computer codes. The results are directly comparable to experimental data. (D.Gy.)

  14. Salame elaborado com Lactobacillus plantarum fermentado em meio de cultura de plasma suíno Salami sausage prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum fermented in porcine plasma culture medium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir uma cultura starter com uma cepa de Lactobacillus plantarum em um meio de cultura com plasma suíno e verificar a viabilidade de sua aplicação em salame. O meio de cultura foi preparado com plasma suíno e água destilada (1:1, pH 11,0. Após a esterilização, 300 mL foram adicionados de 400 mL de uma solução estéril de glicose e difosfato de potássio. A cepa de Lb. plantarum foi semeada no meio de cultura e submetida à fermentação em pH 7,0, durante 36 horas (100 rpm, 37 ± 0,1 °C. Ao alcançar a fase estacionária, a cultura foi centrifugada e ressuspendida em leite desnatado estéril, liofilizada e aplicada em salame. A influência do inóculo foi avaliada nas características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais de salames. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados com tratamentos sem adição de cultura starter e com uma cultura comercial. O microrganismo Lb. plantarum teve um crescimento máximo de 9,82 Log UFC.mL-1, após 30 horas de fermentação. Os salames elaborados com a cultura starter produzida apresentaram uma queda de pH significativamente maior, e menor valor de atividade de água que os demais tratamentos. O microrganismo Lb. plantarum melhorou significativamente o sabor dos salames.The purpose of this work was to produce a starter culture with a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum in a porcine plasma culture medium and ascertain the viability of applying it in salami sausage. The culture medium was prepared with porcine plasma and distilled water (1:1, pH 11.0. After sterilization, 300 mL were added of 400 mL of a sterile solution of glucose and potassium diphosphate. The Lb. plantarum strain was inoculated into the culture medium and subjected to fermentation at pH 7.0 for 36 hours (100 rpm, 37 ± 0.1 °C. When the stationary phase was reached, the culture was centrifuged and resuspensed in sterile skimmed milk, lyophilized and applied to salami. An evaluation was

  15. Rosemary extract and celery-based products used as natural quality enhancers for colonial type salami with different ripening times Extrato de alecrim e produtos derivados do aipo como agentes naturais potencializadores da qualidade de salames coloniais com diferentes tempos de maturação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresinha Marisa Bertol

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the use of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis extract (RE, celery (Apium graveolis, and low levels of NO3 and NO2 as natural agents to enhance the quality of colonial salami. Salami was produced according to three treatments: (A Control: 0.1% curing salt; (B Rosemary: 0.05% curing salt + 0.5% RE (rosemary extract; and (C Rosemary+celery: 0.14% Veg 503 + 0.27% Veg 504 (sea salt plus celery + 0.5% of RE (rosemary extract. There was no effect (P > 0.05 of the treatments on water activity, Na content, and residual NO3 and NO2. Fatty acids C18:2 and C20:4 were reduced (P Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do extrato de alecrim (EA; Rosmarinus officinalis e do aipo (Apium graveolis e de baixos níveis de adição de NO3 e NO2, como agentes naturais potencializadores da qualidade dos salames coloniais. Foram produzidos salames de acordo com três tratamentos: (A Controle: 0,1% de sal de cura; (B Alecrim: 0,05% de sal de cura + 0,5% de EA; (C Alecrim+aipo: 0,14% de Veg 503 + 0,27% de Veg 504 (sal marinho e aipo + 0,5% de EA. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05 dos tratamentos sobre o conteúdo de Na, atividade de água e NO3 e NO2 residuais. Houve redução (p < 0,05 dos ácidos graxos C18:2 e C20:4 durante o período de maturação no tratamento Controle, indicando sua possível oxidação. O uso do aipo resultou em baixo (p < 0,05 pH no salame. A redução da adição de NO3 e NO2 resultou em salames com coloração mais clara (valores de L* mais elevados, p < 0,05 aos 12 dias de maturação. Conclui-se que o aipo foi efetivo como fonte de NO3 e NO2 para desenvolvimento da cor, mas o baixo pH do produto indica a necessidade de melhor avaliar sua utilização em salames fermentados. Os salames produzidos com EA poderão apresentar diferencial de qualidade pela menor oxidação das gorduras, mas isto necessita ser confirmado em estudo futuros.

  16. Weinberg-Salam theory based on a Z2-graded algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iizuka, Jugoro; Morita, Katsusada; Kase, Hiromi; Okumura, Yositaka; Tanaka-Yamawaki, Mieko.

    1994-01-01

    Generalized differential calculus on discrete space M 4 xZ 2 which is an underlying space-time in the non-commutative geometry for the standard model is reformulated in terms of a Z 2 -graded algebra, even and odd elements of which being pairs of complex matrices defined over Minkowski space-time with different properties of product and involution. It is shown that the Z 2 -grading is equivalent to that of Coquereaux et al. if the pair is represented by 2x2 matrices, although our formalism has closer contact with the differential calculus on the discrete space. A graded differential algebra is then defined, in which the exterior derivative with respect to the pair is assumed to determine the pattern of symmetry breaking of the theory. On the basis of it the Weinberg-Salam theory in both bosonic and fermionic sectors is constructed. It is pointed out that, in contrast to usual assertion in non-commutative geometry, the Weinberg angle and the Higgs mass in the tree level are not fixed separately but related through m H = 2√2εm W sinθ W . Connes' prescription of constructing gauge-invariant Lagrangian, which is based on the assumption that there arise only logarithmic divergences from one-loop diagrams, corresponds to the case ε = 1. In principle, however, the parameter ε is arbitrary due to possible presence of Sitarz' linear term so that noncommutative geometry alone says nothing about the Higgs mass. (author)

  17. ADIÇÃO DE PLASMA BOVINO EM SALMOURAS PARA INJEÇÃO DE COXÃO DURO BOVINO (m. BICEPS FEMORIS E SEUS EFEITOS NO PH E NA CARGA MICROBIANA DE BIFES COZIDOS, EMBALADOS A VÁCUO E MANTIDOS SOB REFRIGERAÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lúcia da Silva Corrêa LEMOS

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available

    As características físicas (pH e microbiológicas (contagem total de psicrotrófi cos e bactérias lácticas de coxão duro bovino (m. Biceps femoris submetido à injeção de salmouras isentas de polifosfatos, adicionadas de agentes bacteriostáticos, lactato de sódio e diacetato de sódio e contendo plasma bovino líquido (PLL e PLO ou plasma bovino desidratado (PDL e PDO, foram avaliadas juntamente com cortes injetados com salmouras isentas de plasma, contendo polifosfatos e com os mesmos agentes bacteriostáticos (CL e CO e cortes não injetados in natura (IN, perfazendo sete tratamentos de bifes embalados a vácuo, provenientes dos cortes íntegros após cozimento, mantidos sob refrigeração (6°C durante 43 dias.Os tratamentos injetados crus e após cozimento não diferiram entre si quanto ao pH, embora, o pH do IN cru tenha sido inferior ao do cozido. A adição de plasma bovino líquido ou desidratado não afetou a carga bacteriana nos cortes íntegros após cocção, mas elevou a carga bacteriana de todos os tratamentos injetados quando comparados aos isentos de plasma (CL e CO ao longo da estocagem sob refrigeração dos bifes embalados a vácuo. A temperatura de armazenamento (6ºC, comum durante a distribuição e exposição de carnes resfriadas no varejo, foi um dos fatores determinantes para a redução da qualidade microbiológica, pois infl uenciou na velocidade do crescimento dos microrganismos deterioradores, especialmente nas salmouras adicionadas de plasma.

  18. MAP, MAC, and vortex-rings configurations in the Weinberg-Salam model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teh, Rosy; Ng, Ban-Loong; Wong, Khai-Ming

    2015-11-01

    We report on the presence of new axially symmetric monopoles, antimonopoles and vortex-rings solutions of the SU(2)×U(1) Weinberg-Salam model of electromagnetic and weak interactions. When the ϕ-winding number n = 1, and 2, the configurations are monopole-antimonopole pair (MAP) and monopole-antimonopole chain (MAC) with poles of alternating sign magnetic charge arranged along the z-axis. Vortex-rings start to appear from the MAP and MAC configurations when the winding number n = 3. The MAP configurations possess zero net magnetic charge whereas the MAC configurations possess net magnetic charge of 4 πn / e. In the MAP configurations, the monopole-antimonopole pair is bounded by the Z0 field flux string and there is an electromagnetic current loop encircling it. The monopole and antimonopole possess magnetic charges ± 4πn/e sin2θW respectively. In the MAC configurations there is no string connecting the monopole and the adjacent antimonopole and they possess magnetic charges ± 4 πn/e respectively. The MAC configurations possess infinite total energy and zero magnetic dipole moment whereas the MAP configurations which are actually sphalerons possess finite total energy and magnetic dipole moment. The configurations were investigated for varying values of Higgs self-coupling constant 0 ≤ λ ≤ 40 at Weinberg angle θW = π/4.

  19. The Interplay Between GUT and Flavour Symmetries in a Pati-Salam x S4 Model

    CERN Document Server

    de Adelhart Toorop, Reinier; Merlo, Luca

    2010-01-01

    Both Grand Unified symmetries and discrete flavour symmetries are appealing ways to describe apparent structures in the gauge and flavour sectors of the Standard Model. Both symmetries put constraints on the high energy behaviour of the theory. This can give rise to unexpected interplay when building models that possess both symmetries. We investigate on the possibility to combine a Pati-Salam model with the discrete flavour symmetry $S_4$ that gives rise to quark-lepton complementarity. Under appropriate assumptions at the GUT scale, the model reproduces fermion masses and mixings both in the quark and in the lepton sectors. We show that in particular the Higgs sector and the running Yukawa couplings are strongly affected by the combined constraints of the Grand Unified and family symmetries. This in turn reduces the phenomenologically viable parameter space, with high energy mass scales confined to a small region and some parameters in the neutrino sector slightly unnatural. In the allowed regions, we can r...

  20. Application of Digital Terrestrial Photogrammetry in Architectural Conservation: the Mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam of Oran

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boukerch, I.; Takarli, B.; Mahmoudi, R.; Tellai, S.; Chadli, D.

    2016-10-01

    Studies on the architectural heritage can now be supported by three-dimensional reconstruction of actual buildings. The 3D digital model can be an effective medium for documenting the current state of historic buildings but also to create a resource for researchers who conduct their analysis on historical evolution. Architectural photogrammetry has its own specifications in relation to other photogrammetric applications, however it meets these expectations. The traditional approach requires the use of metric cameras but with the development of computational techniques, this requirement is overcome and opens the way for the use of non-metric camera. The use of the shots that is no longer restricted to the parallel configuration of bundles, the images may be convergent, horizontal or oblique. Combining and modelling several cameras increasingly powerful in resolution and stability, has great scope and the same workflow can be used in varied applications. ISPRS and ICOMOS created CIPA because they both believe that a monument can be restored and protected only when it has been fully measured and documented and when its development has been documented several times, i.e. monitored, also with respect to its environment, and stored in proper heritage information and management systems. In this paper the 3D modelling of an important cultural site using terrestrial photogrammetric techniques for architectural preservation is presented. The site is the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam, Built in 1880 at the initiative of Simon Kanoui, also known as the Great Synagogue of Oran was inaugurated in 1918 only. It was one of the largest and most beautiful synagogues in North Africa. It was built with stone imported from Jerusalem. This place of worship became in 1975 the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam who was a rich Jew of Medina who was converted to Islam. The structure is modelled using 321 oriented photos taken in five series of shots that cover all the façade and the interior of

  1. How to approach continuum physics in the lattice Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zubkov, M. A.

    2010-01-01

    We investigate the lattice Weinberg-Salam model without fermions numerically for the realistic choice of coupling constants correspondent to the value of the Weinberg angle θ W ∼30 deg., and bare fine structure constant around α∼(1/150). We consider the values of the scalar self-coupling corresponding to Higgs mass M H ∼100, 150, 270 GeV. It has been found that nonperturbative effects become important while approaching continuum physics within the lattice model. When the ultraviolet cutoff Λ=(π/a) (where a is the lattice spacing) is increased and achieves the value around 1 TeV, one encounters the fluctuational region (on the phase diagram of the lattice model), where the fluctuations of the scalar field become strong. The classical Nambu monopole can be considered as an embryo of the unphysical symmetric phase within the physical phase. In the fluctuational region quantum Nambu monopoles are dense, and therefore, the use of the perturbation expansion around the trivial vacuum in this region is limited. Further increase of the cutoff is accompanied by a transition to the region of the phase diagram, where the scalar field is not condensed (this happens at the value of Λ around 1.4 TeV for the considered lattice sizes). Within this region further increase of the cutoff is possible, although we do not observe this in detail due to the strong fluctuations of the gauge boson correlator. Both above mentioned regions look unphysical. Therefore we come to the conclusion that the maximal value of the cutoff admitted within lattice electroweak theory cannot exceed the value of the order of 1 TeV.

  2. Evaluation Of The Hydraulic Connection Between The Surface Water And The Groundwater Along El-Salam Canal, North Eastern Coast, Egypt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ismail, Y.L.; Ismail, N.A.; Abdel Mogheeth, S.M.; Salem, W.M.

    2012-01-01

    In the present study, the interconnection between the surface water of El-Salam Canal and the shallow groundwater in the adjacent aquifer has been discussed using both the environmental isotopes and the chemical analyses of the different water bodies along the canal trajectory from Faraskour in the west to Balousa in the east. The isotopic techniques were applied to investigate this relationship and to estimate the possible contribution from various sources such as groundwater, sea water and/or irrigation water, and finally to determine the extent of mixing between El-Salam Canal and the adjacent aquifers. Since the groundwater in the area is saline (more than 10000 ppm) while the mixed canal water is mainly fresh (less than 1000 ppm), the interconnection between the canal water and surrounding shallow groundwater leads to one of the following two hydrologic processes; seepage from the canal water to the shallow groundwater which means fresh water losses or leakage from the groundwater into the surface water which means water quality deterioration The present study aims to detect the hydraulic interconnection between the two water bodies by using environmental isotope techniques as well as detailed chemical analysis. For this purpose, 31 water samples from both surface water and groundwater were collected and analyzed for 18 O and 2 H contents as well as 44 representative water samples were collected and analyzed for the chemical components (anions and cations) as a major ions and minor constituents. The distribution of the analyzed samples on the 18 O vs. D diagram indicated that the samples could be classified into three genetic groups representing different sources of water. The first group reflects a contribution from evaporated rain water prior to infiltration to the groundwater, the second group represents a mixing trend between both of El-Farma drain water and El-Manzala lake water with the groundwater which have enriched isotopic values as well as high

  3. CVC related infections reported from Salam Center for Cardiac Surgery of Khartoum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margherita Scapaticci

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Central venous catheter (CVC plays an essential part in clinical management of patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU, even though catheterization is an invasive procedure that may facilitate bacterial migration from the skin surrounding the catheter insertion site to the catheter tip, representing a risk factor for the arise of bacteraemia and sepsis. Aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of micro-organisms found as responsibles of CVC-related infections and check their correspondence with those found in blood cultures collected from the same patients. Methods: The study was conduced from April 2008 to March 2009. In this period were analysed 29 CVC samples sent from ICU to the laboratory of the Salam Center for Cardiac Surgery of Khartoum (Sudan. CVC was removed after pericatheter skin disinfection and its tip was cut, put in a sterile container and finally sent to the laboratory, where it was immersed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI and incubated at 37°C.A first culture of the sample on Blood Agar plate was done after an incubation period of 1 hour, the second one after 24 hours. In case of bacterial growth were practiced identification and sensitivity test of the isolated bacteria. Results: Of the 29 analysed samples 38% showed bacterial growth of which 27% caused by gram positive and 73% by gram negative bacteria. The identification tests showed also that among gram positive-related infection predominated those caused by Methicillin-Resistent Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA (67%, while among the gram negative infections predominated those caused by Pseudomonas spp (57%, followed by Enterobacter spp and Serratia spp. Conclusion: All the above mentioned infections were confirmed by examination of blood cultures collected simultaneously from the same patients. Furthermore the study showed that 73% of infections affected post-operative patients rather than those waiting for surgery.

  4. Atividade antioxidante, composição química e conservação do maracujá-amarelo embalado com filme PVC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Copello Rotili

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas e a conservação do maracujá-amarelo embalado com filme de PVC durante o armazenamento refrigerado a 5 ºC. Atividade antioxidante (DPPH e TEAC, compostos fenólicos totais, β-caroteno e ácido ascórbico do suco do fruto foram os parâmetros químicos avaliados. As estimativas de perda de massa, enrugamento, cor e sintomas de patógenos foram utilizadas no estudo de conservação. As avaliações foram realizadas em intervalos de 10 dias, durante 40 dias. De acordo com os resultados, o teor de fenólicos totais aumentou durante o armazenamento, com variações entre 20,10 e 21,29 mg EAG 100 mL-1. O conteúdo de ácido ascórbico aumentou até o 20º dia de armazenamento (33,58 mg 100 mL-1, mas seguiu com decréscimos até o 40º dia (21,67 mg 100 mL-1. Independentemente do uso de PVC, o conteúdo de β-caroteno não variou durante o armazenamento. As atividades antioxidantes DPPH e TEAC do suco diminuíram durante o armazenamento. Não foram encontradas correlações positivas entre as atividades DPPH e TEAC e o teor de fenólicos totais, sugerindo que este último não contribui para a atividade antioxidante do suco do maracujá. O uso da embalagem de PVC não influenciou positivamente a atividade antioxidante e os teores de fenólicos totais e ácido ascórbico do suco do maracujá-amarelo durante seu armazenamento. A embalagem de PVC não inibiu sintomas de desenvolvimento de patógenos por até 30 dias de armazenamento, a 5 ºC, mas reduziu a perda de massa fresca e o enrugamento do fruto, proporcionando condições ótimas de comercialização por até 20 dias.

  5. ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN PENYERTIFIKATAN TANAH (KASUS DAERAH KECAMATAN SALAM KABUPATEN SLEMAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Su Ritohardoyo

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRAK Pemilikan tanah sangat rawan terhadap terjadinya sengketa di masyarakat perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Konsekuensinya, pemilik tanah sangat mutlak memiliki sertifikat tanah. Namun demimian, banyak tanah di perdesaan belum atau tidak bersertifikat, akibat sebagian besar pemilik tanah menghadapi banyak kendala sosial ekonomi untuk mensertifikatkan tanah. Pemasalahan ini mendasari tujuan pene,itian untuk mengungkap keterkaitan dengan faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi pemegang hak tanah dengan minat penyertifikatan tanah yang dikuasai, antar daerah yang berbeda aksesbilitasnya terhadap kota. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Salam menggunakan metode survei. Responden penelitian adalah kepala keluarga (KK penguasa tanah baik yang sudah atau belum memiliki sertifikat tanah. Penentuan sampel secara quota sampling berdasar tingkat aksesbilitas desa terhadap kota. Jumlah sampel responden secara total 120 KK, yang diambil 60 KK di setiap sampel desa yang berbeda aksesbilitas. Data identitas sosial ekonomi rumah tangga, persepsi tentang sertifikat tanah, dan minat untuk mensertifikatkan tanah, dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara terstruktur. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistic analisi regresi ganda dan uji beda rata-rata yakni uji ‘t’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkah bahwa luas tanah hak rakyat yang bersertifikat baru sekitar 58 persen. Pelaksanaan program penyertifikatan tanah secara masal belum sepenuhnya berhasil, ditunjukkan dari tanah bersertifikat di daerah aksesbilitas rendah, lebih sedikit (29% daripada di daerah aksesbilitas tinggi (71%. Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang sertifikat tanah, sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan di setiap daerah yang berbeda aksesbilitas. Tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap biaya pengurusan dan waktu penyelesaian sertifikat tanah, secara keruangan bervariasi. Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap persepsi, hanya berlaku pada masyarakat di daerah aksesbilitas rendah; sedangkan pengaruh

  6. Efeito do uso da cepa starter de Penicillium nalgiovense na qualidade de salames Effect of Penicillium nalgiovense starter culture on salami quality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís César CASTRO

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de fungos filamentosos na superfície dos salames durante a maturação é considerado um fator de qualidade que deve complementar mudanças bioquímicas envolvidas na maturação do produto. Muitos destes fungos podem, no entanto, ocasionar alterações de cor e sabor e o ataque ao envoltório, como também representar um problema de saúde pública pelas toxinas que podem produzir. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência da cultura starter Penicillium nalgiovense (PN-2 no controle de contaminantes naturais em câmaras de maturação de salame, a operacionalização deste controle, e o efeito geral sobre parâmetros organolépticos. Foram avaliados salames produzidos em escala industrial, os quais foram maturados por 30 dias à temperatura de 18°C e Umidade Relativa de Equilíbrio ente 80 e 60%. Os parâmetros de maturação analisados foram ácidos graxos livres (AGL, umidade, nitrogênio não protéico (NNP, aparência, sabor e aroma. As amostras inoculadas com a cultura selecionada (3 x 10(7esporos mL-1 mostraram, ao término do período de maturação, um aumento médio de 2,93% em AGL em relação aquelas não inoculadas. Esta diferença revelou-se significativa ao nível de 5%. A perda de umidade transcorreu de forma lenta e progressiva, não se observando diferença significativa entre as amostras inoculadas e aquelas não inoculadas (P>0,05 ao final do período de maturação. Também não foi observada diferença significativa nos níveis de pH, NNP, atributos sensoriais e de aceitabilidade. Nas análises microbiológicas não foi detectada a presença de fungos de contaminação natural nas amostras inoculadas com a cultura starter PN-2, evidenciando-se a completa predominância deste fungo.The growth of filamentous fungi on the surface of salami during ripening is an important factor for the quality of the product quality because it helps the biochemical changes involved in the process. Nevertheless, some of

  7. Microbiota of sausages obtained by spontaneous fermentation produced in the South of Brazil Microbiota de salames obtidos por fermentação espontânea produzidos no Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osmar Roberto Dalla Santa

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The study of the ecology of fermented sausage is fundamental to understand the physical and chemical changes that happen during fermentation and maturation. The aim of the present study was to determine the microbiological characteristics of sausages produced by spontaneous fermentation. Fifty samples of sausages produced in the South of Brazil by different small manufacturers were analyzed for the following microbiota: aerobic mesophilic bacteria; Micrococcaceae; mold and yeast; lactic acid bacteria; total and fecal coliforms; coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and Salmonella. In most samples (72%, the count of lactic bacteria was higher than 6 log10 cfu.g-1, and the samples with the highest counts were above 8 log10 cfu.g-1. The counts of Micrococcaceae in most samples were between 5 log10 and 7 log10 cfu.g-1. With respect to the presence of molds and yeasts, there was a significant variation among the samples with counts ranging from 2 log10 cfu.g-1 and 6 log10 cfu.g-1. From the data obtained, it was possible to conclude that 24% of the analyzed samples did not comply with the current law in Brazil since the levels of fecal coliforms or coagulase-positive Staphylococcus exceeded the maximum limit allowed.O estudo da ecologia de salames fermentados faz-se necessário para entender as mudanças físicas e químicas que ocorrem durante a fermentação e maturação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características microbiológicas de salames produzidos por fermentação espontânea. Foram analisadas cinquenta amostras de salames de diferentes pequenas indústrias em relação à seguinte microbiota: bactérias aeróbias mesófilas; Micrococcaceae; bolores e leveduras; bactérias lácticas; coliformes totais e fecais; Staphylococcus coagulase positiva; e Salmonella. Na grande maioria das amostras (72%, a presença de bactérias lácticas foi superior a 10(6 ufc.g-1, sendo que as amostras com as maiores contagens tiveram quantidades

  8. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in low acid italian sausage produced under brazilian conditions Sobrevivência de Listeria monocytogenes em salame tipo italiano de baixa acidez, produzido sob condições brasileiras de fabricação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Degenhardt

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Dry sausages have been considered ready-to-eat products with low risk of causing listeriosis due to the hurdles created during the manufacturing process such as low pH and a w, high salt concentration and presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB. However, several studies have detected survival of Listeria monocytogenes in these products and also shown that process parameters, LAB and L. monocytogenes strains directly influence the results. In this work, survival of the pathogen in sausages prepared with three different formulations (one standard formulation, one formulation added of Lactobacillus plantarum and one added of 2% sodium lactate, using the manufacturing process usually employed in Brazil, was evaluated. Naturally contaminated sausages presented a small increase in the counts of L. monocytogenes in the first days of the process, followed by a gradual decrease until the end of the process. In experimentally contaminated samples containing L. plantarum, the reduction of counts of L. monocytogenes during processing was considerable, but there wasn´t significant differences between the treatments.Salames têm sido considerados produtos prontos para o consumo com baixo risco de provocar listeriose devido aos obstáculos criados no processo de fabricação e suas características de pH e atividade água baixos, alta concentração de sal e presença de bactérias lácticas. Entretanto, a sobrevivência de Listeria monocytogenes nesta classe de produtos é verificada e estudos de processo visando à redução da contaminação por este patógeno, têm demonstrado que particularidades como variação dos parâmetros de processo, cepas de bactérias lácticas e de L. monocytogenes influenciam diretamente os resultados. Neste estudo três formulações foram avaliadas (uma padrão, uma com inoculação da cultura Lactobacillus plantarum e outra com adição 2% de lactato de sódio empregando parâmetros de processo comumente praticados no Brasil

  9. El-Salam canal is a potential project reusing the Nile Delta drainage water for Sinai desert agriculture: Microbial and chemical water quality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amal A. Othman

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available More than 12 × 109 m3/year of Nile Delta drainage water is annually discharged into the Mediterranean Sea. El-Salam (peace canal, having a mixture of such drainage water and the Nile water (1:1 ratio, crosses the Suez canal eastward to the deserts of north Sinai. The suitability of the canal water for agriculture is reported here. Representative samples were obtained during two successive years to follow effects of seasonal and spatial distribution, along the first 55 km course in north Sinai, on the water load of total bacteria, bacterial indicators of pollution, and chemical and heavy metals contents. In general, the canal water is acceptable for irrigation, with much concern directed towards the chemical contents of total salts (EC, Na and K, as well as the trace elements Cd and Fe. Extending the canal course further than 30 km significantly lowered the fecal pollution rate to the permissible levels of drinking water. Results strongly emphasize the need for effective pre-treatment of the used drainage water resources prior mixing with the Nile water.

  10. PERCEPÇÃO DOS CONSUMIDORES SOBRE O COMÉRCIO DE ALIMENTOS DE RUA E AVALIAÇÃO DO TESTE DE MERCADO DO CALDO DE CANA PROCESSADO E EMBALADO EM SEIS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. C. G. OLIVEIRA

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available

    O caldo de cana é uma bebida popularmente consumida e muito apreciada no Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever os hábitos e as preferências alimentares, o conhecimento sobre condições higiênico-sanitárias e doenças veiculadas por alimentos, a opinião sobre os pontos de venda de caldo de cana, a aceitação comercial e a disponibilidade de pagar valores adicionais pelo caldo de cana processado e embalado, aplicando-se 350 questionários em seis municípios paulistas. Dentre os entrevistados, (51% consideram seu hábito alimentar saudável; (59% interessam-se pela segurança de sua alimentação e (63% apresentam receio em se alimentar em comércio de alimentos de rua. Dentre os alimentos consumidos rotineiramente pelos entrevistados, os lanches foram os mais citados. Entre os entrevistados, 80% mencionaram apreciar caldo de cana e sua preferência pela forma de consumo foi com adição de suco de limão. Cerca de 55% dos entrevistados mencionaram que consumiriam a bebida processada e embalada, com maior freqüência e a disponibilidade média de pagar valores adicionais foi de R$ 0,54, evidenciando que o produto teria boa aceitação comercial.

  11. Research on climate change and variability at the Ab dus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Giorgi, F.; Molteni, F.

    2002-01-01

    The Physics of Weather and Climate Section at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, established in 1998, is currently performing research on different aspects of climate variability, dealing with both natural and anthropogenic aspects of climate changes. In addition to performing diagnostic work on multi-decadal observational datasets and climate simulations carried out in major research centres, the PWC section has been developing its own climate modeling capability, which is focused on three main areas: a) modeling of regional climate change; b) seasonal forecasting at global and regional scale; c) development of simplified models of the general circulation. On topic a), research on different aspects of anthropogenic climate change is being carried out using the Regional Climate (RegCM) developed by Giorgi and collaborators at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research. Time-slice experiments with a high-resolution atmospheric GCM, comparing current climate conditions with future climate scenarios in selected decades, are also planned for the near future. On topic b), a strategy based on ensembles of high-resolution simulations with atmospheric GCM's, using sea surface temperature anomalies predicted by lower-resolution coupled models from other institutions, is currently under experimentation. A one-way nesting of RegCM into the GCM simulations will also be tested. On item c), a 5-layer atmospheric GCM with simplified physical parameterizations has been developed. This model has a very small computational cost compared with state-of-the-art GCMs, and is suitable for studies of natural climate variability on inter-decadal and intercentennial time scales. It is planned to couple this model to simplified ocean models of different complexity, from a simple, static mixed layer model, to simplified models of the tropical Pacific circulation suited to the simulation of the El Nino phenomenon. A joint project with the IAEA-MEL Laboratory in

  12. Gauge theories of the weak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quinn, H.

    1978-01-01

    Lectures are given on the Weinberg--Salam or Weinberg--Salam--Glashow--Iliopoulos--Maiani gauge theory. The way it is put together and some possible variations in the literature are discussed. 53 references

  13. Order αGsub(μ) corrections to the parity-violating electron-quark potential in the Weinberg-Salam theory: parity-violations in one-electron atoms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lynn, B.W.

    We have calculated the order αGsub(μ) corrections to the order Gsub(μ) parity-violating (PV) electron-quark potential Hsub(PV)sup(e-q) at q 2 =0 in the standard SU(2)sub(L) x U(1) theory using a renormalization scheme which has Msub(W), Msub(Z) and Msub(H) (Higgs' mass) as input parameters. We then use SU(3) relations to write an effective PV electron-nucleon potential Hsub(PV)sup(e-N) in terms of the dimensionless parameters Csub(1P), Csub(1N) (nuclear spin independent) Csub(2P), Csub(2N) (nuclear spin dependent) and Csub(3P), Csub(3N) (electron anomalous magnetic moment dependent). For ssub(theta) 2 identical to 1-Msub(W) 2 /Msub(Z) 2 approx.= .23 and small Higgs' mass Msub(H) or approx.1 TeV. Csub(3P), and Csub(3N) are first induced at one loop and are small. We show that Csub(2P) and Csub(2N) suffer from large uncertainties due to the strong interactions which make the theoretical interpretation of experiments designed to measure these quantities less clear than was previously thought. The other parameters are relatively free from strong interaction uncertainties. We review the diseases of the old 1934 four-fermion theory and give an overview of the renormalization of the Weinberg-Salam theory. We discuss the possibility of high-precision experiments in one-electron atoms to measure these radiative corrections and remind the reader of a previously proposed experiment in hydrogen or deuterium which will measure Csub(1P) or Csub(1P)+Csub(1N) respectively. (author)

  14. Penyuluhan dan Pendampingan Pengolahan Limbah Peternakan Sapi Potong di Kelompok Tani Ternak Sido Mulyo Dusun Pulosari, Desa Jumoyo, Kecamatan Salam, Kabupaten Magelang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nanung Agus Fitriyanto

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Society services activity on cattle waste management system have been implemented in Sido Mulyo Livestock Farmers Group at Pulosari, Jumoyo, Salam, Magelang. Animal byproducts that consist of feces and urine of cattle wastewas processed into organic fertilizer compost and liquid fertilizer. Sido Mulyo Livestock Farmer Group has one unit of 20 m3 biodigester to accommodate the feces from approximately 30 cattle owned by the group member. Biogas has been used as a fuel source for family group members located around the cage. Slurry resulted from anaerobic digestion of biodigester disposed to pastures located on the right side of the cage. Ownership system in the groupis every group member hasa responsibility for taking care of their own cattle. The number of livestock owned by each member of the SidoMulyoLivestock Farmers Group ranged between 1 to 4 cattle. Society services methods that have been implemented was in the form of mentoring for a member of the Sido Mulyogroup.The other activities that have been implemented was the training and development of cattle industry, especially the handling of livestock waste in the form of feces, urine, and the feed residue. The activities was continued by the manufacture of compost packaging design, followed by the last series of activities such as monitoring and program development. The enthusiasm of the group members in joining to the extension activities is very good. The timing of the extension are determined in the afternoon after members of the group have finished searching feed for their cattle. The sustainability forwaste processing into organic fertilizer compost and liquid organic fertilizer becomes a major concern, because it is highly dependent on consumer demand.

  15. Group therapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1993-01-01

    Full text: In his review 'Genesis of Unified Gauge Theories' at the symposium in Honour of Abdus Salam (June, page 23), Tom Kibble of Imperial College, London, looked back to the physics events around Salam from 1959-67. He described how, in the early 1960s, people were pushing to enlarge the symmetry of strong interactions beyond the SU(2) of isospin and incorporate the additional strangeness quantum number. Kibble wrote - 'Salam had students working on every conceivable symmetry group. One of these was Yuval Ne'eman, who had the good fortune and/or prescience to work on SU(3). From that work, and of course from the independent work of Murray Gell- Mann, stemmed the Eightfold Way, with its triumphant vindication in the discovery of the omega-minus in 1964.' Yuval Ne'eman writes - 'I was the Defence Attaché at the Israeli Embassy in London and was admitted by Salam as a part-time graduate student when I arrived in 1958. I started research after resigning from the Embassy in May 1960. Salam suggested a problem: provide vector mesons with mass - the problem which was eventually solved by Higgs, Guralnik, Kibble,.... (as described by Kibble in his article). I explained to Salam that I had become interested in symmetry. Nobody at Imperial College at the time, other than Salam himself, was doing anything in groups, and attention further afield was focused on the rotation - SO(N) - groups. Reacting to my own half-baked schemes, Salam told me to forget about the rotation groups he taught us, and study group theory in depth, directing me to Eugene Dynkin's classification of Lie subalgebras, about which he had heard from Morton Hamermesh. I found Dynkin incomprehensible without first learning about Lie algebras from Henri Cartan's thesis, which luckily had been reproduced by Dynkin in his 1946 thesis, using his diagram method. From a copy of a translation of Dynkin's thesis which I found in the British Museum Library, I

  16. Anomalies, sphalerons and baryon number violation in electro-weak theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mclerran, L.

    1989-01-01

    In series of three lectures, baryon number violation at high temperatures in the Weinberg-Salam model is discussed. The first lecture presents a discussion of anomalies, and how this is related to level crossing of energy levels in the Dirac equation for fermions in an external field. The second lecture discusses topological aspects of the Weinberg-Salam theory, and some related two dimensional models. The sphaleron solution of these theories is constructed. In the final lecture, the sphaleron is related to transition rates at finite temperature. In a simple quantum mechanics model, it is shown that sphalerons, not instantons, are responsible for transitions at high temperature. The sphaleron induced rate is then discussed in a solvable 1+1 dimensional model, which has many similarities to the Weinberg-Salam model. Finally, the result for the Weinberg-Salam model is derived and is shown to be large for temperatures T ≥ 1 TeV. 35 refs., 9 figs. (author)

  17. Resonance – Journal of Science Education | News

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    1979-12-08

    pp 81-88 Reflections. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space – Time Unification of Fundamental Forces · Abdus Salam · More Details Fulltext PDF. pp 89-90 Reflections. Extract from Salam's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, Stockholm, December 8, 1979 · More Details Fulltext PDF. pp 91-94 Information and Announcements.

  18. Resonance – Journal of Science Education | Indian Academy of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Abdus Salam. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 3 Issue 1 January 1998 pp 81-88 Reflections. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space – Time Unification of Fundamental Forces · Abdus Salam · More Details Fulltext PDF. Volume 10 ...

  19. Introduction to the gauge theories unifying the electromagnetic and weak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pham Xuan-Yem.

    An elementary introduction to unified gauge theories of electromagnetic and weak interactions is presented. The Goldstone theorem and the Higgs mechanism are discussed. The Weinberg-Salam model as well as the Georgi-Glashow ones are explained in details. One emphasizes on the experimental consequences of the Weinberg-Salam model (neutral current) [fr

  20. Influência da embalagem de atmosfera modificada e do tratamento com cálcio na cinética de degradação de ácido ascórbico e perda de massa em goiabas (Psidium guajava L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    YAMASHITA Fábio

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Goiabas de mesa (var. Pedro Sato no estádio verde maturo foram armazenadas a 8°C (85-95% UR por 49 dias. Uma parte das amostras foi tratada com solução de cloreto de cálcio 2% (p/v e o restante permaneceu sem tratamento. Posteriormente, foram embaladas individualmente em dois tipos de embalagem de atmosfera modificada (CryovacÒ PD-900 e CryovacÒ PD-961. Goiabas sem embalagem e não tratadas com cálcio, mantidas à mesma temperatura de 8°C serviram como controle. Foram realizadas análises de perda de massa, acidez titulável, teores de sólidos solúveis totais e ácido ascórbico. Os frutos embalados apresentaram taxas de perda de massa menores que os sem embalagem (p<0,05. Os frutos tratados com cálcio não apresentaram diferença na taxa de degradação de ácido ascórbico em relação aos não tratados e os frutos embalados com PD-900 apresentaram retenção de ácido ascórbico maior. Após 4 semanas, as goiabas sem embalagem apresentaram-se impróprias para consumo, devido ao murchamento e ataque de fungos, enquanto que as embaladas estavam em bom estado. Após a sexta semana, apenas os frutos embalados com PD-900 sem tratamento com cálcio estavam próprios para consumo. A embalagem de atmosfera modificada reduziu a perda de massa e ácido ascórbico e prolongou a vida-de-prateleira do produto. O emprego de cálcio não afetou as características analisadas.

  1. Analysis of the right-handed Majorana neutrino mass in an S U (4 )×S U (2 )L×S U (2 )R Pati-Salam model with democratic texture

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Masaki J. S.

    2017-03-01

    In this paper, we attempt to build a unified model with the democratic texture, that has some unification between up-type Yukawa interactions Yν and Yu . Since the S3 L×S3 R flavor symmetry is chiral, the unified gauge group is assumed to be Pati-Salam type S U (4 )c×S U (2 )L×S U (2 )R. The breaking scheme of the flavor symmetry is considered to be S3 L×S3 R→S2 L×S2 R→0 . In this picture, the four-zero texture is desirable for realistic masses and mixings. This texture is realized by a specific representation for the second breaking of the S3 L×S3 R flavor symmetry. Assuming only renormalizable Yukawa interactions, type-I seesaw mechanism, and neglecting C P phases for simplicity, the right-handed neutrino mass matrix MR can be reconstructed from low energy input values. Numerical analysis shows that the texture of MR basically behaves like the "waterfall texture." Since MR tends to be the "cascade texture" in the democratic texture approach, a model with type-I seesaw and up-type Yukawa unification Yν≃Yu basically requires fine-tunings between parameters. Therefore, it seems to be more realistic to consider universal waterfall textures for both Yf and MR, e.g., by the radiative mass generation or the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. Moreover, analysis of eigenvalues shows that the lightest mass eigenvalue MR 1 is too light to achieve successful thermal leptogenesis. Although the resonant leptogenesis might be possible, it also requires fine-tunings of parameters.

  2. Electroweak interactions in nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henley, E.M.

    1984-06-01

    Topics include: introduction to electroweak theory; the Weinberg-Salam theory for leptons; the Weinberg-Salam theory for hadrons-the GIM mechanism; electron scattering as a probe of the electroweak interaction (observation of PV, the weak interaction for nucleons, and parity violation in atoms); and time reversed invariance and electric dipole moments of nucleons, nuclei, and atoms. 52 references

  3. Electroweak vacuum geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lepora, N.; Kibble, T.

    1999-01-01

    We analyse symmetry breaking in the Weinberg-Salam model paying particular attention to the underlying geometry of the theory. In this context we find two natural metrics upon the vacuum manifold: an isotropic metric associated with the scalar sector, and a squashed metric associated with the gauge sector. Physically, the interplay between these metrics gives rise to many of the non-perturbative features of Weinberg-Salam theory. (author)

  4. Ideals and realities selected essays

    CERN Document Server

    Salam, Abdus; Lai, C H

    1984-01-01

    This is a collection of writings of Professor Abdus Salam, Nobel Laureate of Physics, 1979. The writings touch on many different themes, and discuss the social and economic dimensions of science. Difficulties faced by scientists in developing countries and their solutions are also given some insightful analysis. There are also interesting accounts of the International Centre for Theroetical Physics, Trieste, Italy that Professor Salam founded, and science in Islamic nations.

  5. `That I may know the inmost force that binds the world and guides its course`

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dehmelt, H. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics

    1995-12-31

    The talk touches upon the following subjects: Goethe`s Faust, the magic of Democritus` `{alpha}{tau}{omicron}{mu}{omicron}{nu}`, magnetism of the neutron, a neutral particle, the crucial problem of physics, crucial experiments, seeing an atom with my eyes, bringing an electron to rest, measuring electron magnetism, proton magnetism, electron radius from its magnetism, speculating on Salam`s sub sub-...-quarks and the cosmon, the simplest thing that ever was 8 refs, 8 figs

  6. Message from the Worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, Mirza Masroor

    2008-07-01

    Abdus Salam was an Ahmadi Muslim from Pakistan, a renowned theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1979 for his work in electroweak theory. Although he was the first Muslim Nobel Laureate, Pakistan's military dictator at that time could not admit that its brilliant scientist was a Muslim citizen. Dr Salam's entire award was devoted to the furtherance of education: he did not spend a penny on himself or his family...

  7. Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from naturally fermented sausages and their technological properties for application as starter cultures Lactobacillus plantarum isolados de salames artesanais naturalmente fermentados e suas propriedades tecnológicas como culturas iniciadoras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maristela Cortez Sawitzki

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available In the present study, technological properties of L. plantarum strains isolated from naturally fermented sausages manufactured in the South region of Brazil were investigated in order to obtain a starter culture. The technological properties evaluated were the following: ability to growth at different pH values, at different temperatures, in different salt concentrations and in the presence of commercial curing salt, fast production of acid, determination of D - and L - lactic acid; nitrate reductase activity; antagonistic activity and stability of the isolated cultures after fermentation, concentration, and freeze-drying process. The isolated strains showed effectiveness to improve technological properties as starter cultures.No presente estudo foram investigadas as propriedades tecnológicas de culturas de L. plantarum, isoladas de salames artesanais, naturalmente fermentados, manufaturados na região Sul do Brasil, a fim de obter um cultivo iniciador. As propriedades tecnológicas investigadas foram as seguintes: habilidade das culturas para crescer em diferentes valores de pH, em diferentes concentrações de sal e na presença de sal de cura comercial; rápida produção de ácido, produção do isômero D - ou L - ácido láctico, atividade nitrato redutase, atividade antagonística e estabilidade das culturas após processo de fermentação, concentração e liofilização. Todas as culturas apresentaram eficiência quanto às propriedades tecnológicas investigadas.

  8. Substrantiation of the Weinberg angle value in 6-dimensional model of gravi-electroweak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vladimirov, Yu.S.; Miroshnik, A.O.

    1988-01-01

    The 6-dimensional geometric theory combining the general relativity theory with the model of electroweak Weinberg-Salam interactions is suggested. The metric process of charged W ± -boson introduction when giving up the condition of metrics cylindricity according to additional coordinates is used. Mass mechanism of the Higgs type leads to correct relation between W ± - and Z-bozon masses. Total correspondence with the Weinberg-Salam model is shown. The value of the Weinberg angle is found theoretically

  9. IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN SIKAP RELIGIUS SISWA MELALUI BIDANG STUDI BIOLOGI DI MADRASAH ALIYAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Achmad Sultoni

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Recently many kinds of youth and students’ moral-character issues becomes a concern in Indonesia. To cope with these problems, Ministry of Education and Culture called for the implementation of Kurikulum 2013 (the national education curriculum. One of the curriculum characteristics is the religious competency to achieve in every school subjects including Biology. This research is aimed to evaluate implementation of Kurikulum 2013 in developing students’ religious attitude through Biology class in MAN 3 Malang. The field research with qualitative approach and descriptive design found that: first, the development of students’ religious competency is managed by teacher by formulating religious competency objective and accustoming salam and praying before the class begins; second, in the process of instruction, the teacher develop religious competency in four ways: salam and praying at introduction, finding relationship between Biology to Islamic teaching, salam and praying kafaratul majlis in closing the class, and admonishing students breaking the rules; last, this attitude development is constrained by the absence of evaluation guide.

  10. P-odd effects in the e-d scattering in the vector-like theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gakh, G.I.

    1979-01-01

    P-odd effects in elastic electron-deuteron scattering, due to the weak neutral currents, are analyzed in the framework of the vector-like theories. Considered is the case of the most general form of the P-invariance breaking in the elastic e - d scattering amplitude in both the leptonic and hadronic vertices. It is found that in the vector-like theories the parity violation in the electro-deuteron elastic scattering is confined in the hadronic vertex, while in the Weinberg-Salam model it is confined in the leptonic vertex. In the vector-like theories the asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons by nonpolarized deuterons depends on the electromagnetic and weak form factors of a deuteron, whereas in the Weinberg-Salam model it does not depend on the structure of the deuteron. In the Weinberg-Salam model the asymmetry is independent on the T-violating form factors of the deuteron, whereas such a dependence is present in the vector-like theories

  11. James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1979-01-01

    Earlier this year saw the centenary of the birth of Albert Einstein. It is highly apt that 1979, which has been marked by further consolidation of the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions and its recognition in the award of the Nobel Prize to Glashow, Salam and Weinberg, is also the centenary of the death of the great Scottish physicist who first formulated a unified theory of electric and magnetic fields. We are grateful to Abdus Salam for drawing our attention to the Maxwell anniversary

  12. Salamfestschrift. A collection of talks from the conference on highlights of particle and condensed matter physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ali, A.; Ellis, J.; Randjbar Daemi, S.; eds)

    1994-01-01

    The book contains papers, mainly on particle physics, presented at the meeting held between 8 and 12 March 1993 at the ICTP in Trieste to honor Professor Abdus Salam. The articles have been grouped in 6 chapters: Standard Model (6 papers), Beyond the Standard Model (4 papers), Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology (3 papers), Strings and Quantum Gravity (5 papers), Mathematical Physics and Condensed Matter (2 papers), Salam's Collaborators and Students (13 papers). A separate abstract was prepared for each paper. Refs, figs and tabs

  13. James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    1979-12-15

    Earlier this year saw the centenary of the birth of Albert Einstein. It is highly apt that 1979, which has been marked by further consolidation of the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions and its recognition in the award of the Nobel Prize to Glashow, Salam and Weinberg, is also the centenary of the death of the great Scottish physicist who first formulated a unified theory of electric and magnetic fields. We are grateful to Abdus Salam for drawing our attention to the Maxwell anniversary.

  14. Influência do armazenamento refrigerado em associação com atmosfera modificada por filmes plásticos na qualidade de mangas 'Tommy Atkins Influence of refrigerated storage associated with plastic film-modified atmosphere in quality of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaci Pereira de Sousa

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a qualidade de mangas Tommy Atkins, embaladas em filmes plásticos e armazenadas sob condição refrigerada. Utilizaram-se frutos da safra 2000 obtidos na Fazenda Paulicéia Empreendimentos Ltda., situada no Pólo Agrícola Mossoró-Assu. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio 2 (Brix 7 º e 75% verde e 25% vermelha e selecionados de acordo com o tipo 12 (12 frutos/caixa e tratados com fungicida para evitar podridões. No laboratório, os frutos foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: 1 - frutos não embalados; 2 - frutos embalados individualmente em cloreto de polivinila (PVC; 3 - frutos embalados em sacola de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD; 4 - frutos embalados em sacola de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD. Os frutos foram armazenados por 42 dias em condição controlada (11 ± 1°C; 85-90% UR. O armazenamento dos frutos sob condição controlada, associada à atmosfera modificada pelos filmes plásticos, reduziu-lhes a perda de matéria fresca e proporcionou-lhes a manutenção dos teores de sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares solúveis totais e acidez total titulável. A atmosfera modificada pelos filmes plásticos manteve mais regular as perdas na firmeza da polpa, possibilitando uma vida útil pós-colheita de 42 dias em ralação à testemunha. Até o final do armazenamento, o uso de PEAD promoveu o desenvolvimento da coloração da casca e da polpa dos frutos, porém o uso de PVC e PEBD reteve a coloração da casca.The quality of mangoes cv Tommy Atkins enclosed in plastic films and stored under refrigerated conditions were evaluated. Mangoes from the 2000 crop harvested at the Fazenda Paulicéia Empreendimentos Ltda., located in the Mossoró-Assu Agropole were used as experimental unity. The fruits were harvested in stage 2 ( 7º brix and 75% green, 25% red and selected for the type 12 (12 fruits/box, then treated with fungicide to prevent rots. The fruits were submited to the following treatments in the

  15. Effect of the use of curing salts and of a starter culture on the sensory and microbiological characteristics of homemade salamis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cinthia Bittencourt Spricigo

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Homemade salamis may have their food safety guaranteed by means of the addition of curing salt and starter cultures, without loosing their traditional manufacturing recipes brought to Brazil by the Italian immigration in the early 20th century. In this work, the influence of curing salt and of a starter culture, composed of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus, over the sensory and microbiological characteristics of Italian type salamis, containing 3% lactose and 0.5% saccharose, was evaluated. The starter culture and the curing salt inhibited the development of Staphylococcus aureus and of coliforms, and the salamis added with curing salt presented better color attributes.Os salames produzidos artesanalmente podem ter sua segurança alimentar garantida pela adição de sal de cura e de culturas iniciadoras sem perda das receitas tradicionais trazidas pela imigração italiana do início do século vinte. Neste trabalho, a partir da produção de salames com 3% de lactose e 0,5% de sacarose, avaliou-se a influência do sal de cura e da cultura iniciadora, composta de Lactobacillus e Staphylococcus, sobre as características sensoriais e microbiológicas dos salames. A cultura iniciadora e o sal de cura inibiram o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus e de coliformes totais, sendo que os salames adicionados de sal de cura apresentaram uma melhor coloração.

  16. Abdus-Salam and Ikudayisi (10)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DELL

    Instrumental characterization such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) for ... The nano-sizer also revealed a near nano-size for the synthesized goethite ... Keywords: Iron oxy-hydroxide, Goethite, Date-palm seeds, Particle nano-sizer, BET.

  17. Proceedings of the IRI Task Force Activity 2002. 1. ed

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radicella, S.M.

    2003-06-01

    This ICTP Internal Report contains the list of papers presented, activity reports and the write up of a number of presentations delivered during the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) Task Force Activity 2002 which took place at the Abdus Salam ICTP during August 2002. The 2002 Task Force Activity is the ninth successful encounter of specialists organized by the URSI-Cospar IRI Working Group and the Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics of Trieste, Italy. The main topics of the meeting were ionosphere variability and topside ionosphere

  18. Aminas bioativas e características físico-químicas de salames tipo italiano Bioactive amines and physico-chemical characteristics of Italian sausages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Caccioppoli

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Amostras de seis lotes de sete marcas de salames tipo italiano foram analisadas quanto a aminas bioativas e características físico-químicas de qualidade. Oito das 10 aminas pesquisadas foram detectadas em todas as amostras com teores totais de 28,33 a 53,27mg/100g. A tiramina foi a amina predominante seguida da putrescina e da cadaverina. Todas as marcas apresentaram teores de tiramina capazes de causar efeito tóxico em indivíduos sensíveis dependendo da quantidade ingerida. Duas marcas apresentaram também teores potencialmente tóxicos de histamina e de feniletilamina. Nenhuma das marcas atendeu à legislação em pelo menos um parâmetro físico-químico. Os teores de umidade e de açucares totais foram as características com maior percentual de não-atendimento. Os teores de cinzas variaram de 5,54 a 7,12g/100g, sendo os cloretos 66 a 79% desses teores. As amostras apresentaram valores de pH de 4,86 a 5,78, acidez de 16,61 a 55,03ml NaOH N/100g e índice de peróxidos de não detectado a 334,82mEq/kg.Six batches of seven brands of Italian sausages purchased in Belo Horizonte, MG were analyzed for bioactive amines and physico-chemical characteristics. Eight out of 10 amines investigated were detected in every sample with total levels varying from 28.33 to 53.27mg/100g. Tyramine was the predominant amine followed by putrescine and cadaverine. Every brand contained toxic tyramine levels for sensitive individuals depending on the amount of sausage consumption. Two brands also contained toxic levels of histamine and phenylethylamine. No brand was in conformity to legislation levels for at least one physico-chemical parameter. The highest discrepancies to legislation levels were observed for moisture and total sugar contents. The levels of ash varied from 5.54 to 7.12g/100g, with chlorides representing 66 to 79% of the levels.The pH varied from 4.86 to 5.78, acidity from 16.61 to 55.03ml NaOH N/100g and peroxide values from 0.0 (no detected

  19. Neutral-current interactions in hydrogen and deuterium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schreiner, P.

    1976-01-01

    17 events are found for the exclusive neutral current reaction uspilon n → upsilon pπ - . The data are consistent with the Weinberg-Salam modell and a value of sin 2 thetasub(w) near 0.4. There is no evidence for a dominant non isovector (V - αA) type interaction in single pion production. The inclusive neutral current reactions upsilon p → uspilon x and anti upsilon p → anti upsilon x are measured using the 15 ft Fermilab bubble chamber. The preliminary resuls are compatible with the prediction of the Weinberg-Salam model. (BJ) [de

  20. Moduli spaces in algebraic geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goettsche, L.

    2000-01-01

    This volume of the new series of lecture notes of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics contains the lecture notes of the School on Algebraic Geometry which took place at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics from 26 July to 13 August 1999. The school consisted of 2 weeks of lecture courses and one week of conference. The topic of the school was moduli spaces. More specifically the lectures were divided into three subtopics: principal bundles on Riemann surfaces, moduli spaces of vector bundles and sheaves on projective varieties, and moduli spaces of curves

  1. Books received. CERN Courier, Jan-Feb 1995, v. 35(1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1995-01-01

    Full text: The CERN Courier has received an impressive consignment of new books from World Scientific Publishing, and hopes to include reviews in coming months. Lectures in Particle Physics by Dan Green of Fermilab (ISBN 9810216823 HC £63, 9810216831 SC £35), imaginatively presented, World Scientific Lecture Notes - Vol.55; Instantons in Gauge Theories, edited by M. Shifman (ISBN 9810216815 HC £62, 9810218265 SC £35), a collection of reprinted papers; Development of Perturbative QCD by Guido Altarelli of CERN (ISBN 9810217021 HC£58, 981021703X SC £35), a collection of review articles, talks, and lecture notes; Salam Festschrift edited by A. AH, J. Ellis and S. Randjbar-Daemi (ISBN 9810214219 HC £80, 9810214227 SC £39), talks from a conference to honour Abdus Salam, held at ICTP, Trieste, in March 1993, and Volume 4 in World Scientific's Series in 20th Century Physics; Selected Papers of Abdus Salam (with commentary), edited by A. AH, C. Isham, T Kibble and Riazuddin (ISBN 9810216629 HC £64, 9810216637 SC £31), a fine volume for Salam admirers, Volume 5 in World Scientific's Series in 20th Century Physics; B decays (Revised, 2nd edition) edited by Sheldon Stone of Syracuse (ISBN 9810218362 HC £64, 9810218974 SC £25), a collection of contributions; A Career in Theoretical Physics by Philip W. Anderson (ISBN 981021717XHC£58, 9810217188 SC £28), a collection of articles and papers, Volume 7 in World Scientific's Series in 20th Century Physics; Knots and Physics (2nd edition) by Louis H. Kauffman of Illinois, Chicago (ISBN 9810218564 HC £64, 9810216580 SC £40), fascinating

  2. Penerapan Teori Akad pada Perbankan Syariah

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdur Rauf

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available This article discuss about theory concept of transaction in Islamic banking products. In collecting and distributing funds, Islamic banking used variaety of transactions, such as deposit transactions, (wadi'ah yad amanah, wadi'ah yad dhamanah, transactionn for results (mudharabah, musyarakah, buying and selling (murabahah, salam, istishna, lease transaction (ijarah, ijarah wa iqtina, or ijarah muntahiya bi al-tamlik, loan transactions (qardh, and transaction with other patterns (wakalah, kafalah, hiwalah, rahn. Murabahah and salam transactions are used for funding. Meanwhile, ijarah and wakalah are used in loan transactions that implemented in a bank guaranteeDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v4i1.2081

  3. Determination of the electronic neutral-current couplings from e-d and e-p scatterings in connection with the effects of sea components

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oka, Takamitsu.

    1979-03-01

    We make analyses of the parity-violating asymmetries of electron-deuteron and electron-proton deep inelastic scatterings including sea quark contribution and adopting three different kinds of parton distribution functions. Both results from electron-deuteron and from electron-proton scatterings coincide with the prediction of the Weinberg-Salam model. Our results are found to be insensitive to the difference among the three kinds of parton distribution functions. We also study the x-, y-, and sin 2 theta sub(w)-dependences of A/Q 2 in the Weinberg-Salam model. Experiments at higher y value will be useful for more precise determination of the Weinberg angle theta sub(w). (author)

  4. The self-mass of vector bosons in gravity-modified quantum field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poelt, P.

    1985-01-01

    The self-mass of the W-boson is calculated using a gravitational modified Weinberg-Salam theory with an anomalous magnetic moment assumed to be variable. The self-mass is shown to be finite with Gsub(N)sup(-1/2) (Gsub(N) Newton's gravitational constant) as the cutoff parameter. But only certain values of the anomalous magnetic moment yield a correct order of magnitude. Lowest order of perturbation theory gives complex solutions for these magnetic moments. Nevertheless, additional terms of higher perturbation theory will modify the equation for the magnetic moment and possibly lead to the definite magnetic moment of the W-boson of the non-modified Weinberg-Salam theory. (Auth.)

  5. ICTP: From a dream to a reality in 50+ years

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quevedo, F.

    2017-03-01

    For more than 50 years, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics has fostered the growth and sustainability of physics and mathematics in the developing world, benefitting hundreds of thousands of scientists. What began as a dream by its founder, Pakistani Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, has become a first-rate international research hub connecting scientists from all corners of the globe. As the social and economic situations in many developing countries has shifted, ICTP has responded with the creation of relevant research and training programmes that continue to boost science in disadvantaged parts of the world. Today, ICTP remains a beacon of hope for scientists who aspire to greatness.

  6. Superconducting vortices in Weinberg - Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garaud, J.

    2010-09-01

    In this dissertation, we analyze in detail the properties of new string-like solutions of the bosonic sector of the electroweak theory. The new solutions are current carrying generalizations of embedded Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortices. We were also able to reproduce all previously known features of vortices in the electroweak theory. Generically vortices are current carrying. They are made of a compact conducting core of charged W bosons surrounded by a nonlinear superposition of Z and Higgs field. Far away from the core, the solution is described by purely electromagnetic Biot and Savart field. Solutions exist for generic parameter values including experimental values of the coupling constants. We show that the current whose typical scale is the billion of Amperes can be arbitrarily large. In the second part the linear stability with respect to generic perturbations is studied. The fluctuation spectrum is qualitatively investigated. When negative modes are detected, they are explicitly constructed and their dispersion relation is determined. Most of the unstable modes can be eliminated by imposing periodic boundary conditions along the vortex. However there remains a unique negative mode which is homogeneous. This mode can probably be eliminated by curvature effects if a small piece of vortex is bent into a loop, stabilized against contraction by the electric current. (author)

  7. The house that Abdus built...The ICTP in Trieste

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roederer, J.G.

    2006-01-01

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics stems the brain drain of physicists from developing nations at a time of new scientific challenges. Abdus Salam, a Nobel Prize-winning Pakistani physicist, recognized that improving science locally would not be enough to stem the flight of fledgling scientists from developing countries. International mechanisms would be needed to allow scientists - especially those returning home after training abroad - to stay connected with the world, to refresh their knowledge periodically, and to engage in international research collaborations. The time was right for the conception of an international centre for theoretical physics. In 1964 under the aegis of the IAEA, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) was intended to be not just another international research institute. The intention was a model organization designed to promote training and research in the physical and mathematical sciences in developing countries; serve as a forum for scientists from all over the world; and operate as a first-class scientific institution. All three goals reflect the desire of its founding director, Abdus Salam, to confront the issues of isolation and brain drain that have continually dimmed the prospects for scientific excellence across the developing world. Today ICTP each year hosts some 6000 scientists in its facilities in Trieste, Italy, while maintaining strong and enduring links with scientific communities in more than 170 countries. Closer to home, it has forged cooperative relationship with many Italian scientific institutions. Through its efforts, the Centre has built a worldwide family of loyal alumni, tens of thousands of associates, lecturers, and students, many of whom are now internationally recognized scientists, university leaders, research-council presidents, and leading statesmen in their own countries

  8. Iisraeli valitsus haub sõjakäiku Gazasse / Igor Taro

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Taro, Igor

    2007-01-01

    Iisraeli võimude plaanist lõpetada radikaalse islamiliikumise Hamas omavoli Gaza sektoris. Palestiina autonoomia uueks peaministriks nimetati Salam Fayyad. Vt. samas: Röövitud reporteril lootus vabaneda

  9. Influence of a native strain of Staphylococcus xylosus on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics on milano salami type

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ângela Maria Fiorentini

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work, the influence of native starter cultures on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of Milano salami type was studied. Two batches of Milano salami type were produced: Batch A, with the addition of Staphylococcus xylosus U5 and Batch B (control without the starter culture. The Milano salami type was characterized by an important microbial activity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS that resulted in substantial growth in Batch A during the ripening with an initial count of 7.60 log cfu.g-1 and reached 9.84 log CFU.g-1 after 14 days. Bacterial enzymes that showed efficient activity under the conditions found in Milano salami type were catalase, nitrite and nitrate reductase, contributing for sensory and physicochemical properties of the product. There were no significant differences in general free fatty acids composition among the batches, while the color parameters (L *, a * and b * in the Batch A presented significantly higher values in relation to Batch B. Moreover, batch A had the higher preference in sensorial analysis.A análise da influência de culturas iniciadoras nativas nas características microbiológicas, físicoquímicas e sensoriais de salame tipo Milano foi o objeto deste estudo. Foram produzidos dois grupos de salame tipo Milano: Grupo A - com aplicação de linhagem Staphylococcus xylosus U5 enquanto o controle, Grupo B, foi produzido sem culturas iniciadoras. O salame tipo Milano foi caracterizado pela importante atividade microbiana de estafilococos coagulase negativo (SCN, que resultou significativo crescimento no Grupo A durante a maturação, com contagem inicial de 7,60 ufc.g-1 e alcançando um crescimento de 9,84 cfu.g-1 depois de 14 dias. As enzimas bacterianas que mostraram eficiente atividade sob as condições encontradas no salame tipo Milano foram catalase, nitrito e nitrato redutase, contribuindo para as propriedades físicoquímicas e sensoriais do produto. N

  10. Lääs koondub Palestiina presidendi selja taha

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Palestiina Omavalitsuse president Mahmoud Abbas kuulutas välja eriolukorra, vabastas ametist äärmusrühmituse Hamas valitsuse ning nimetas uue valitsuse juhiks sõltumatu parlamendiliikme Salam Fayyadi

  11. Piecing together a theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    The development of the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions by Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow is described. In this connection the postulation of charmed particles is considered. (HSI).

  12. New ideas about unified field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gleiser, M.

    1986-01-01

    An outline of the physical concepts evolution is given from the ancient philosophers to the present time. With qualitative explanations about the meaning of the theories that is the milestones of these concepts evolution, it mentions the ideas which lead the studies to the conception of a unified field theory. Chronologically, it has brief information about the ideas of Laplace (mechanical determinism), Maxwell (the field concept), Einsten (the space-time structure), Heisenberg and Schroedinger (the quantum mechanics), Dirac (the relativistic quantum and the antiparticles), Gell-Mann (the quarks), Weinberg-Salam (Weak interactions and eletromagnetic unification), H. Georgi and S. Glashon (strong interactions plus Weinberg-Salam), Kaluza-Klein (a fifth space-time coordinate), and Zumino-Weiss (supersymmetry and supergravity). (G.D.F.) [pt

  13. Weak effects in the decay spectra of neutral pseudoscalar mesons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragutt, B.; Schuelke, L.

    1978-01-01

    The effect of the neutral weak current on the decay mode of a neutral pseudoscalar meson (πsup(deg) or eta) into a photon and a lepton-antilepton pair has been calculated within the framework of the Weinberg-Salam model. A parity-violating contribution to the decay spectrum is found to be larger for the decay eta→γμ + μ - . In this case it can be of the order 10 -6 strongly depending on the value of the Weinberg angle and thus is still beyond the present experimental possibilities. However, a measurement of this effect would not only give a strong hint on the value of the Weinberg angle, but could also help to resolve the difficulties of the Weinberg-Salam model in atomic-physics experiments

  14. Comments on a novel approach to the role of chirality in the origin of life

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chela-Flores, J.

    1991-06-01

    We review a recent paper (Salam, 1991a) in which a specific enhancement factor (i.e., a phase transition into a condensed Bose mode) is proposed to account for the observed amplification of the ground state energies of the L- and D-amino acid enantiomers; the difference between these energies is assumed to be due to the neutral parity-violating electroweak interaction. This physical effect initially shifts the enantiomer energies by about 3 x 10 -19 eV. The proposed phase transition is characterized by a critical temperature T c , which may be studied theoretically by enlarging the standard electroweak theory to include either the top quark or supersymmetry (Salam, 1991b). Possible experimental means of finding T c are discussed. (author). 24 refs, 1 fig

  15. levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in selected bottled

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Accer

    E-mails: elugwisha@gmail.com, johnmahugija@yahoo.com. ABSTRACT ... For many consumers, safety ... water supplies (Abd El-Salam et al. ... personal perceptions have caused many ... sterilization. B ..... Water Resources Research Center.

  16. Ocorrência de Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera:Ccujidae) e Necrobia rufipes De Geer, 1775 (Coleoptera:Cleridae) infestando rações de animais domésticos

    OpenAIRE

    Gredilha, Rodrigo; Saavedra, Priscilla Ribeiro; Guerim, Luciana; Lima, Aurino Florêncio de; Serra-Freire, Nicolau Maués

    2005-01-01

    Verificou-se a ocorrência de insetos associados a rações industriais para cães e gatos. Coletas simultâneas de péletes foram realizadas após a abertura dos sacos embalados na indústria e distribuídos para comercialização, no período de maio à novembro de 2003. Foram selecionadas para análise, seis diferentes tipos do total das marcas disponíveis para a venda no comércio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Registrou-se a incidência dos besouros Necrobia rufipes e Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The occ...

  17. Post-sphaleron baryogenesis and n- anti n oscillation in non-SUSY SO(10) GUT with gauge coupling unification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patra, Sudhanwa; Pritimita, Prativa

    2014-01-01

    ''Post-sphaleron baryogenesis'', a fresh and profound mechanism of baryogenesis accounts for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our present universe in a framework of Pati-Salam symmetry. We attempt here to embed this mechanism in a non-SUSY SO(10) grand unified theory by reviving a novel symmetry breaking chain with Pati-Salam symmetry as an intermediate symmetry breaking step and as well to address post-sphaleron baryogenesis and neutron-antineutron oscillation in a rational manner. The Pati-Salam symmetry based on the gauge group SU(2) L x SU(2) R x SU(4) C is realized in our model at 10 5 -10 6 GeV and the mixing time for the neutron-antineutron oscillation process having ΔB = 2 is found to be τ n- anti n ≅ 10 8 -10 10 s with the model parameters, which is within the reach of forthcoming experiments. Other novel features of the model include low scale right-handed W R ± , Z R gauge bosons, explanation for neutrino oscillation data via the gauged inverse (or extended) seesaw mechanism and most importantly TeV scale color sextet scalar particles responsible for an observable n- anti n oscillation which may be accessible to LHC. We also look after gauge coupling unification and an estimation of the proton lifetime with and without the addition of color sextet scalars. (orig.)

  18. Supersymmetric SO(10) models inspired by deconstruction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Chaoshang; Jiang Jing; Li Tianjun

    2004-01-01

    We consider 4-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric SO(10) models inspired by deconstruction of 5-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric orbifold SO(10) models and high-dimensional non-supersymmetric SO(10) models with Wilson line gauge symmetry breaking. We discuss the SO(10)xSO(10) models with bi-fundamental link fields where the gauge symmetry can be broken down to the Pati-Salam, SU(5)xU(1), flipped SU(5)xU(1)' or the Standard Model like gauge symmetry. We also propose an SO(10)xSO(6)xSO(4) model with bi-fundamental link fields where the gauge symmetry is broken down to the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry, and an SO(10)xSO(10) model with bi-spinor link fields where the gauge symmetry is broken down to the flipped SU(5)xU(1)' gauge symmetry. In these two models, the Pati-Salam and flipped SU(5)xU(1)' gauge symmetry can be further broken down to the Standard Model gauge symmetry, the doublet-triplet splittings can be obtained by the missing partner mechanism, and the proton decay problem can be solved. We also study the gauge coupling unification. We briefly comment on the interesting variation models with gauge groups SO(10)xSO(6) and SO(10)xflippedSU(5)xU(1)' in which the proton decay problem can be solved

  19. Logarithmic scaling in the near-dissipation range of turbulence

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. K R Sreenivasan1 A Bershadskii1 2. The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34100 Trieste, Italy; ICAR, P.O. Box 31155, Jerusalem 91000, Israel ...

  20. Hum Kohn Hai

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    and Sananda Biswas, who were participants in the school. ... change drastically when the Nazis came to power in neighboring Germany. .... tional theory computer packages) and the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical. Physics ...

  1. Untitled

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    dimensional space-time continuum by Minkowski. Unification of electromagnetism and weak interaction was obtained by Glashow, Weinberg and Salam. In 1961, Glashow 1 unified the weak and electromagnetic interactions using the gauge group ...

  2. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. K R Sreenivasan1 A Bershadskii1 2. The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy; ICAR, P.O. Box 31155, Jerusalem 91000, Israel ...

  3. Resonance Special Issue - World Year of Physics -RE ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Resonance Special Issue - World Year of Physics. Vol 10, No 12, ... Origin (?) of the Universe - The Expanding Universe. Jayant V Narlikar. 12 ... Einstein's Last Dream: The Space - Time Unification of Fundamental Forces. Abdus Salam.

  4. Production of high mass eν and e+e- pairs in the UA2 experiment at the CERN anti pp collider

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schacher, J.

    1984-01-01

    We present new results on intermediate vector boson production at the CERN anti pp collider. A comparison is made with the predictions of the standard model of the unified electroweak Glashow-Salam-Weinberg theory. (orig.)

  5. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics - Vol 9, No 1 (2008)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Indicators of Apoptosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. E Abdel-Salam, L Mansour, I Abdel-Meguid, S Korraa, 41-50 ...

  6. Browse Title Index

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 351 - 400 of 452 ... ... dehydrogenase deficiency in India: An updated meta-analysis, Abstract PDF ... polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .... D Shahin, AM El-Refaey, AK El-Hawary, AA Salam, S Machaly, ...

  7. Nutritional value and fatty acid composition of some traditional Argentinean meat sausages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mara Cristina Romero

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition (moisture, protein, carbohydrates, and total fat of some meat products produced in the northeastern Argentina, analyzing fatty acids composition, polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio PUFA/SFA ratio (polyunsaturated/ saturated fatty acids, n-6/n-3 ratio, and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid content. Thirty traditional meat products produced by different processes were used. The samples were classified into 4 different categories as follows: salamín (dry cured and fermented sausage, chorizos (raw sausage, chorizo ahumado (cooked and smoked sausage, and morcilla (cooked sausage. From the results obtained it can be said that the total carbohydrate contents of the salamín studied were slightly lower; fat content of raw chorizo was significantly lower, and protein content of chorizo ahumado was significantly higher than those comparison from databases from other regions of Argentina, USA, and Spain. Except for chorizo, which has a value lower than 0.4, the PUFA/SFA-stearic ratio of the other products were a little higher than those reported by other researchers. CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid contents between 0.03% and 0.19% were detected. The results obtained indicate that salamín produced in northeastern Argentina, Chaco state, shows high protein and PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents, and low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, which makes it a more healthful product than those of similar composition produced in other countries.

  8. Proceedings of the IRI Task Force Activity 2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radicella, S.M.

    2002-08-01

    This ICTP Internal Report contains the list of papers presented, activity report and the write up of a number of presentations delivered during the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) Task Force Activity 2001 which took place at the Abdus Salam ICTP during May 2001, particularly centred in the week from 21-25 May. The 2001 Task Force Activity is the eighth successful encounter of specialists organized by the URSI-Cospar IRI Working Group and the Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics of Trieste, Italy. This project continues the IRI Task Force Activities at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy. The primary focus of this activity was the development of a specification model for ionospheric variability. Such a model is high on the wish list of users of ionospheric models. Climatological models like IRI provide monthly mean values of ionospheric parameters. Understandably a satellite designer or operator needs to know not only the monthly average conditions but also the expected deviations from these mean values. The main discussions and presentations took place during the week 21-25 May. The format was similar to last year's activity with presentations and round-table discussions in the morning and follow-on work in small subgroups in front of computer terminals in the afternoon. This Proceedings contains also four papers of the previous IRI Task Force Activity which were omitted

  9. Parity violation in deep inelastic electron scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taylor, R.E.

    1979-11-01

    Neutral currents in electron scattering and the Weinberg-Salam model are reviewed. This generally accepted model is consistent with experimental results from neutrino interactions; an appropriate deep inelastic electron scattering experiment would measure couplings that don't involve neutrinos to see if they are also correctly described by the theory. The SLAC-Yale experiment measures a difference in the e-d inelastic cross section for right- and left-handed electrons. The polarized source, beam monitors, scattering experiment, checks of helicity dependence, and results are described. It is concluded that the data obtained are in agreement with the Weinberg-Salam model, and that the best value of sin 2 theta/sub W/ for these data is in excellent agreement with the average values of that parameter deduced from neutrino experiments. Future experiments with polarized electrons are discussed. 12 figures, 2 tables

  10. Random walk models of large-scale structure

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2The Abdus Salam Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, ..... equals the probability that the mass in subclumps which are more massive .... massive than f M. Jagged curves show our Monte-Carlo calculation of the shape of this.

  11. Schwinger functions for the Yukawa model in two dimensions with space-time cutoff

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seiler, E.

    1975-01-01

    It is shown that a Euclidean version of the formulae of Matthews and Salam for the Green's functions of a two-dimensional Yukawa model with interaction in a finite space-time volume makes sense, if renormalized correctly. (orig.) [de

  12. Coupling-constant flows and dynamical symmetry breaking

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamagishi, H.

    1981-01-01

    The Coleman-Weinberg theory is reformulated in terms of flows in coupling-constant space. It is shown that the existence of dynamical symmetry breaking is governed essentially by the b functions. An application is made to the massless Weinberg-Salam model

  13. Search Results | Page 11 | IDRC - International Development ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Results 101 - 110 of 439 ... Fair Trade Forum India (FTF I) is the national network of fair ... In its August 2009 platform, Building Palestinian State Institutions, the government of Salam ... Gender equality in migration as a policy objective requires an ...

  14. Weak currents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leite Lopes, J.

    1976-01-01

    A survey of the fundamental ideas on weak currents such as CVC and PCAC and a presentation of the Cabibbo current and the neutral weak currents according to the Salam-Weinberg model and the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Miami model are given [fr

  15. Conservação pós-colheita de figos verdes (Ficus carica L. cv. roxo de Valinhos tratados com hipoclorito de sódio e armazenados sob refrigeração em atmosfera modificada passiva Post-harvest conservation of unripe figs (Ficus carica L. cv. "roxo de Valinhos" treated with sodium hypochlorite and stored under refrigeration in passive modified atmosphere

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Costa Lima

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Os principais causadores de perdas da qualidade de figos são: colheita e embalagens inadequadas, falta de padronização do produto na classificação e péssimas condições de transporte e armazenamento. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da imersão em hipoclorito, tipo de embalagem e refrigeração na conservação pós-colheita de figos verdes, cv. Roxo de Valinhos, mediante as características físicas, físico-químicas e químicas, durante o armazenamento. Após seleção, os figos foram imersos ou não em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 40 ppm conforme os tratamentos, secos ao ar e embalados em filme de PVC de 50 m ou sacos plásticos. Após os tratamentos, os frutos foram submetidos a armazenamento refrigerado (1ºC e 70% de UR em BOD, por um período de 35 dias, sendo avaliados a cada 7 dias. O uso da embalagem reduziu drasticamente a perda de massa dos figos. Frutos não embalados apresentaram-se mais ácidos e com menores teores de açúcares. Com o uso da embalagem, os figos podem ser comercializados até os 35 dias de armazenamento desde que armazenados a 1ºC e 70% de UR em BOD. Já os figos não embalados, estes podem ser comercializados somente até os 2 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração.The chief causesof quality loss in figs are inadequate harvest and packaging, lack of standardization of the product in the classification and very bad transportation and storage conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of soaking in hypochlorite, and the type of packaging and refrigeration on the post-harvest conservation of unripe figs cv. "Roxo de Valinhos", through physico-chemical analyses, during storage. After selection, the figs were soaked, or not, in a 40ppm sodium hypochlorite solution, air-dried and wrapped in 50µ PVC film or plastic bags. After the treatments, the fruits were submitted to refrigerated storage (1ºC and 70% of RH for a 35-day period, being evaluated every 7 days. Use of the

  16. Evaluation of Physicochemical, Microbiological and Polycyclic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ADOWIE PERE

    from residential areas (Abduls-Salam, 2009). Market dump sites accommodate a lot of waste with different constituent materials, including organic materials. (plant and animal waste) and hydrocarbons. These wastes are colonized by microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, carrying out degradation and transformation ...

  17. At the European Physical Society (EPS) 1979 International Conference on High Energy Physics

    CERN Multimedia

    CERN PhotoLab

    1979-01-01

    To mark CERN's 25th Anniversary this year conference was held in Geneva from 27 June to 4 July, at the International Conference Centre. Here is Abdus Salam addressing theorists (on the first raw from left, Viki Weisskopf, Leon Van Hove, Giuliano Preparata).

  18. Influence of the spin and the Weinberg-angle on the bulk viscosity of a neutrino-electron mixture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siskens, Th.J.; Weerb, Ch.G. van; Boer, W.P.H. de

    1977-01-01

    Results are presented for the first approximation to the bulk viscosity of a non-degenerate electron-neutrino system interacting in accordance with the Weinberg-Salam model. The influence of the electron spin and the Weinberg-angle are taken into account separately. (Auth.)

  19. Resonance – Journal of Science Education | Indian Academy of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 10; Issue 12. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space - Time Unification of Fundamental Forces. Abdus Salam. Volume 10 Issue 12 December 2005 pp 246-253. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link:

  20. African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 11, No 52 (2012)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    In vitro cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in human peripheral lymphocytes: Correlation with physicochemical properties · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Mohamed F Elshal, Mohamed Abdel Salam, Jalaluddin A ...

  1. Restoration of symmetry by temperature effect under influence of external electro magnetic field in gauge theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aquino, V.M. de.

    1987-01-01

    We have analysed, within a semi classical approach, the influence of external electromagnetic field on phase transitions in gauge theories. The critical temperature was calculated for an Abelian case, scalar electrodynamics, and for an non Abelian case, the Weinberg Salam model. (author)

  2. Unified gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    MacDowell, S.W.

    1975-01-01

    Unified gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking are studied with a view to renormalize quantum field theory. Georgi-Glashow and Weinberg-Salam models to unify weak and electromagnetic interactions are discussed in detail. Gauge theories of strong interactions are also considered [pt

  3. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space–Time Unification of Fundamental ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 3; Issue 1. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space – Time Unification of Fundamental Forces. Abdus Salam. Reflections Volume 3 Issue 1 January 1998 pp 81-88. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link:

  4. Iisraeli ja Palestiina suhted on paranemise teel / Karin Volmer

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Volmer, Karin

    2007-01-01

    Iisraeli valitsus kiitis heaks palestiinlastest vangide vabastamise, keda peeti president Mahmud Abbasi liitlasteks võitluses Hamasiga. Iisraeli välisminister Tzipi Livni kohtus Palestiina peaministri Salam Fayyadiga. Vt. samas: Palestiinlaste sisetüli. Ilmunud ka: Postimees : na russkom jazõke, 10. juuli 2007, lk. 7

  5. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Permanent link: https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jgen/094/01/0121-0124. Keywords. homocysteine; MTHFR; Mendelian population; gene–environment interaction. Author Affiliations. Huidrom Suraj Singh1 2 Salam Kabita Devi1 3 Kallur Nava Saraswathy1. Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, ...

  6. Ideals and realities: selected essays of Abdus Salam

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Salam, Abdus; Lai, C. H

    1987-01-01

    ... 10. Trieste - World Rendezvous for Physicists (Dan Behrman) 11. A Vision for the Future of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in the Coming Decade 113 118 127 III.2 OTHER INITIATIVES 12. A World Federation of Institutes of Advanced Study 13. Third World Higher Education and Italy 14. Address to UNESCO 15. Speech at the Nobel Banqu...

  7. Salam lijže, Sass! / Herki Köbas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Köbas, Herki

    2005-01-01

    Eesti Põllumajandusülikooli üliõpilasest Alexander Ryabchikovist, kes tuli 1992. a. Eestisse õppima ning kaitses 23. sept. metsandus- ja maaehitusinstituudis doktoritööd "Mõningate mehaaniliste meetodite arendamine jääkpingete mõõtmiseks pinnetes"

  8. Journal of Chemical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Biological studies were preformed in vitro against four bacterial strains which have shown better activities and potential as antibacterial agents. Author Affiliations. Rosenani A Haque1 M A Salam1. The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia. Dates. Manuscript received: 15 ...

  9. Separate μ- and e-lepton numbers non-conservation in the Weinberg model with two higgs doublets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Branco, G.C.

    1977-03-01

    It is shown that in the Weinberg-Salam model with two Higgs doublets, one is naturally led to the violation of separate μ and e-lepton numbers. The branching ratio for μ → eγ is found to be comparable to the present experimental limit. (orig.) [de

  10. Introduction to gauge theories and unification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Das, A.

    1990-01-01

    This paper contains the following lectures on gauge theories: basic notations; dimensional regularization; complex scalar field theory; scalar field theory; self-interacting scalar field theory; Noether's theorem; spontaneous symmetry breaking; dirac field theories; local symmetry; quantum electrodynamics; Higgs mechanism; non-Abelian symmetries; and Weinberg-Salam-Glashow theory

  11. ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics: an executive summary

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gribkov, V. A.; Mank, G.; Markowicz, A.; Miklaszewski, R.; Tuniz, C.; Crespo, M. L.

    2011-12-01

    The Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics was held from 15 to 26 November 2010 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It was attended by 60 participants, including 15 lecturers, 2 tutors and 37 trainees, representing 25 countries.

  12. Issues in neutral currents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sehgal, L.M.

    1980-01-01

    The experimental results on low energy confirming the structure of the effective Lagrangian of the weak neutral current processes as predicted by the Salam-Weinberg model are reviewed. Some possible modifications of the effective Lagrangian and the feasibility of their experimental verification are also considered. (P.L.)

  13. ICTP celebrates 50 years

    CERN Multimedia

    2014-01-01

    CERN is not the only scientific organisation to be celebrating a significant anniversary in 2014. Earlier this year, ESA turned 50, and last week it was the turn of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, to blow out its 50 candles. I had the pleasure to be there for the occasion, and to take part in the first day of a four-day scientific celebration in which the true value of ICTP came to the fore.   Nobel Prize winning Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam established the ICTP in 1964, and went on to become its first director. The Centre’s mission was and remains to foster the development of international scientific cooperation and to promote scientific excellence with an emphasis on the developing world. Established outside Trieste, Italy, and operated under a tripartite agreement between the Italian government, the IAEA and UNESCO, the ICTP has proven itself true to that mandate and become a driving force for advancing scientific expertise around the globe....

  14. The origin of chirality in protein amino acids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chela Flores, J.

    1994-03-01

    We discuss the origin of the chirality of protein amino acids from the point of view of a phase transition from a racemic mixture into an optically pure state. We assume that Bose-Einstein condensation may act as an amplification mechanism. The originals theory is due to Salam. We suggest a new role for the phase transition. Following Quack we distinguish parity violation of two kinds (de facto and de lege symmetry breaking). While the Salam phase transition corresponds to parity violation of the second kind (de lege), the phase transition we discuss in this work corresponds to parity violation of what we may call a third kind. This is suggested by recent experimental phenomena which correlate chiral symmetry breaking and pattern formation (spontaneous symmetry breaking that separates an initial racemic mixture into right- and left-handed space domains by means of a substrate). Tentative comments are given on the eventual design of possible experiments that may test this new hypothesis. (author). Refs

  15. The stability of the strong gravity solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baran, S.A.

    1978-01-01

    The perturbation of the classical solution to a strong gravity model given by Salam and Strathdee is investigated. Using the Hamiltonian formalism it is shown that this static and spherically symmetric solution is stable under the odd parity perturbations provided some parameters in the solution are suitably restricted

  16. ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics: an executive summary

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gribkov, V.A.; Mank, G.; Markowicz, A.; Miklaszewski, R.; Tuniz, C.; Crespo, M.L.

    2011-01-01

    The Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics was held from 15 to 26 November 2010 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It was attended by 60 participants, including 15 lecturers, 2 tutors and 37 trainees, representing 25 countries. (conference report)

  17. Gauge theories of the weak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quinn, H.

    1978-08-01

    Two lectures are presented on the Weinberg--Salam--Glashow--Iliopoulos--Maiani gauge theory for weak interactions. An attempt is made to give some impressions of the generality of this model, how it was developed, variations found in the literature, and the status of the standard model. 21 references

  18. Sphalerons and instantons at finite temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aoyama, H.; Goldberg, H.; Ryzak, Z.

    1988-01-01

    A variational Ansatz for a solution of the Euclidean time-dependent Weinberg-Salam field equations which connects topologically distinct vacua is presented. The Ansatz allows a unified description of real-time transitions involving baryon-number nonconservation from the zero-temperature (instanton) limit up to the electroweak transition temperature

  19. Correspondence

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    raoul

    2011-12-14

    Dec 14, 2011 ... 11Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salam, Tanzania, 2African Field Epidemiology Network P.O. Box 12874,. Kampala, Uganda .... oversee research activities for the students and provide expertise in abstract and manuscript writing. NIMR provides the base of ...

  20. Natural relations and Appelquist-Carazzone decoupling theorem

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grzadkowski, B.; Krawczyk, P.; Pokorski, S.

    1984-01-01

    It is pointed out that in some cases violation of the Appelquist-Carazzone decoupling theorem in spontaneously broken gauge theories is related to the presence in such theories of the so-called natural zeroth-order relations. In this context heavy-fermion effects in the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model are discussed

  1. Obayori et al (4)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DELL

    1. DEGRADATION OF PYRENE IN SOIL AND IN VITRO BY A BACILLUS LENTUS. STRAIN ISOLATED FROM AN ASPHALT PLANT SOIL SITE IN LAGOS, NIGERIA. 1. 1. 2. Obayori, O. S. *, Emelogu, C. and Salam, L. B.. 1Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. 2Department of Biological ...

  2. Factors determining the use of botanical insect pest control methods ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2009-05-16

    May 16, 2009 ... 3Department of Agricultural Economics, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 20115 Egerton, Kenya. 4Department of Botany, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. 5Department of Chemistry, The Open. University of Tanzania, P.O. Box 31608, DAR ES SALAM, Tanzania. Accepted 16 May ...

  3. Literary Translation, Translating Culture: The Case of Shahriyar, the Famous Iranian Azeri Poet

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kianbakht, Saijad

    2016-01-01

    A literary translation is a device of art used to release the text from its dependence on prior cultural knowledge (Herzfeld, 2003). The present research investigates the use of pragmatic equivalence in two translations of the Azeri Turkish long poem "Haydar Babaye Salam" by "Shahriyar." Based on Koller's theory of equivalence…

  4. Browse Title Index

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 3551 - 3600 of 11090 ... Vol 15, No 24 (2016), Effect of different microencapsulation materials on stability of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174, Abstract PDF. Lulwah Y. Al-Furaih, Ibtisam M. Ababutain, Azzat B. Abd-El-Khalek, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam. Vol 11, No 37 (2012), Effect of different oestrus synchronizations ...

  5. Introduction to the electroweak theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paschos, E.A.

    1982-08-01

    The author gives an introduction to the Weinberg-Salam theory. After a description of the electromagnetic and weak currents the construction of the theory on the base of the Yang-Mills theory using the Higgs mechanisms is described. Then some predictions of this theory are presented. Finally the renormalization is discussed. (HSI)

  6. On the transition period from chemical to biological evolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chela-Flores, J.

    1991-06-01

    We discuss the consequences of the hypothesis that biological evolution was contemporary with an important event in chemical evolution, namely, the induction of a small chiral bias by the electroweak neutral interaction, amplified by the Salam enhancement factor, which we discuss in terms of familiar crystallographic terms. (author). 18 refs, 3 tabs

  7. Pauli-Guersey symmetry in gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stern, J.

    1983-05-01

    Gauge theories with massless or massive fermions in a selfcontragredient representation exhibit global symmetries of Pauli-Guersey type. Some of them are broken spontaneously leading to a difermion Goldstone bosons. An example of a boson version of the Pauli-Guersey symmetry is provided by the Weinberg-Salam model in the limit THETAsub(w)→O

  8. Two lectures on D-geometry and noncommutative geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Douglas, M.R.

    1999-01-01

    This is a write-up of lectures given at the 1998 Spring School at the Abdus Salam ICTP. We give a conceptual introduction to D-geometry, the study of geometry as seen by D-branes in string theory, and to noncommutative geometry as it has appeared in D-brane and Matrix theory physics. (author)

  9. Mathematical problems in image processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chidume, C.E.

    2000-01-01

    This is the second volume of a new series of lecture notes of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. This volume contains the lecture notes given by A. Chambolle during the School on Mathematical Problems in Image Processing. The school consisted of two weeks of lecture courses and one week of conference

  10. Heavy quarks and leptons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azimov, Ya.I.; Khoze, V.A.

    1979-01-01

    Experimental results which proved the reality of quarks are reviewed along with further experiments broadening the representation of quarks and leptons and providing the basis to develop the theory of elementary particles. The discovery of the J/psi particle is noted to give rise to the discovery of c-quark, the existance of which is confirmed by the discovery of charmed hadrons. The main aspects of quantum chromodynamics explaining the mechanism of strong interaction of quarks are considered along with those of the Weinberg-Salam theory proposed to describe weak and electromagnetic interactions of quarks and leptons. Experimental data testifying to the existance of heavy tausup(+-) leptons are presented. The history of discovery of γ mesons and of a new heavier b-quark is described. Perspectives for studying elementary particles are discussed. Further studies of γ mesons, discovery and investigation of charmed particles are noted to be immediate tasks along with the search for manifestation of t-quark considered to be a partner of b-quark from the viewpoint of the Weinberg-Salam model

  11. Exophobic Quasi-Realistic Heterotic String Vacua

    CERN Document Server

    Assel, Benjamin; Faraggi, Alon E; Kounnas, Costas; Rizos, John

    2009-01-01

    We demonstrate the existence of heterotic-string vacua that are free of massless exotic fields. The need to break the non-Abelian GUT symmetries in k=1 heterotic-string models by Wilson lines, while preserving the GUT embedding of the weak-hypercharge and the GUT prediction sin^2\\theta_w(M(GUT))=3/8, necessarily implies that the models contain states with fractional electric charge. Such states are severely restricted by observations, and must be confined or sufficiently massive and diluted. We construct the first quasi-realistic heterotic-string models in which the exotic states do not appear in the massless spectrum, and only exist, as they must, in the massive spectrum. The SO(10) GUT symmetry is broken to the Pati-Salam subgroup. Our PS heterotic-string models contain adequate Higgs representations to break the GUT and electroweak symmetry, as well as colour Higgs triplets that can be used for the missing partner mechanism. By statistically sampling the space of Pati-Salam vacua we demonstrate the abundan...

  12. PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM TERHADAP UMUR SIMPAN BAKSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tantri Yulianti

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Meatball was Indonesian favorite food made from meat, seasoning and additives. Meatball was perishable due to high water content and nutrition therefore to increase it shelf life there was a need to add natural preservative that have the ability to prevent the growth of microorganism. The aims of the research was to determine the effect of addition on bay leaves extract to the meatball characteristics. The research was conducted using experimental method. The independent variable was bay leave concentration, consist of four stages there were 1%, 2% and 3%. Dependent variables consist of organoleptic characteristics, microorganism using Total Plate Count method, were measure each 2 days during 6 days storage. Result showed addition of bay leave extract can extend meatball shelf life in room temperature for two days. After two days, meatball was deteriorated shown by high number of microorganisms, off-flavor, soft texture

  13. The time-space structrue of the Salam-Weinberg model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soucek, J.; Soucek, V.

    1982-01-01

    Applying the time-space duality to the Weinberg lepton model it is shown that 1. the hypercharge assignment is a consequence of the left-handedness of the weak current, 2. the relation for the Weinberg angle is sin 2 thetasub(W)=0.25. (Z.J.)

  14. Unifying weak and electromagnetic forces in Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Savoy, C.A.

    1978-01-01

    In this introduction to the ideas related to the unified gauge theories of the weak and electromagnetic interactions, we begin with the motivations for its basic principles. Then, the formalism is briefly developed, in particular the so-called Higgs mechanism. The advantages and the consequences of the (non-abelian) gauge invariance are emphasized, together with the experimental tests of the theory [fr

  15. Sphalerons and energy barriers in the Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klinkhamer, F.R.; Nationaal Inst. voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energiefysica

    1990-10-01

    The author discusses some recent results regarding non-trivial structure in the configuration space of the electro-weak standard and related classical solutions (sphalerons). (author). 17 refs.; 5 figs

  16. Weak interactions physics: from its birth to the eletroweak model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, J.L.

    1987-01-01

    A review of the evolution of weak interaction physics from its beginning (Fermi-Majorana-Perrin) to the eletroweak model (Glashow-Weinberg-Salam). Contributions from Brazilian physicists are specially mentioned as well as the first prediction of electroweak-unification, of the neutral intermediate vector Z 0 and the first approximate value of the mass of the W-bosons. (Author) [pt

  17. Neutrino oscillations and antiνsub(e)-e scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halls, B.; McKellar, B.H.J.

    1980-01-01

    Electron antineutrino-electron scattering is modified in the presence of neutrino mixing and neutrino oscillation. In the Weinberg-Salam model the results for reactor antineutrinos are insensitive to the degree of mixing, to the extent that the experiment of Reines, Gurr and Sobel cannot differentiate between no oscillation and complete disappearance of the electron antineutrinos from the beam

  18. Weak interactions, quark masses and spontaneous violation of parity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kingsley, R.L.

    1976-09-01

    A six quark model is discussed for the weak interactions of hadrons in which parity is violated spontaneously in an SU(2) x U(1) gauge theory. Quarks with very small masses are required and their weak interactions approximate those of the Weinberg-Salam model. Suppression of strangeness-changing neutral currents requires at least seven quarks. (author)

  19. Introduction to unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martin, F.

    1980-01-01

    After reviewing the present status of weak interaction phenomenology we discuss the basic principles of gauge theories. Then we show how Higgs mechanism can give massive quanta of interaction. The so-called 'Weinberg-Salam' model, which unifies electromagnetic and weak interactions, is described. We conclude with a few words on unification with strong interactions and gravity [fr

  20. A4 family symmetry and quark-lepton unification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    King, Stephen F.; Malinsky, Michal

    2007-01-01

    We present a model of quark and lepton masses and mixings based on A 4 family symmetry, a discrete subgroup of an SO(3) flavour symmetry, together with Pati-Salam unification. It accommodates tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing via constrained sequential dominance with a particularly simple vacuum alignment mechanism emerging through the effective D-term contributions to the scalar potential

  1. Efeito de absorvedor de etileno na conservação de mamão "Golden", armazenado à temperatura ambiente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danieele Fabíola Pereira da Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi determinar a dose de permanganato de potássio (KMnO4, associada à embalagem plástica, mais eficiente em retardar o amadurecimento do mamão 'Golden', armazenado sob temperatura ambiente. Conjuntos de três frutos com massa média unitária de 278,8±18,9 g foram embalados em filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade, nos quais foram incluídos sachês, contendo vermiculita impregnada com o KMnO4, nas doses de 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 g/ embalagem. Os frutos embalados foram armazenados durante 15 dias, a 20,0 ± 0,5 °C e 90 ± 5% de UR. Após esse período, foram mantidos na mesma temperatura, porém, fora das embalagens. As avaliações foram feitas no dia da retirada das embalagens e nos cinco dias consecutivos. Foram avaliados a concentração de CO2 no interior das embalagens, a produção de CO2, a cor da casca, a perda de massa da matéria fresca do fruto e a firmeza da polpa, o extravasamento de solutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis e a concentração de etanol da polpa. Após 15 dias de permanência nas embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 apresentaram menores produção de CO2, índice de cor da casca, perda de eletrólitos celulares e teor de etanol, porém, maior firmeza da polpa, quando comparados com frutos sem aplicação de KMnO4, indicando que os frutos não tratados tiveram amadurecimento antecipado. Após a retirada das embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 permaneceram firmes durante dois dias de avaliação. A dose de 1,0 g de KMnO4/embalagem foi a mais indicada para as condições do experimento.

  2. Conservação refrigerada de cherimóia embalada em filme plástico com zeolite Cold storage of cherimoya packed with zeolit film

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Rosa Melo

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da embalagem plástica "zeolite" no retardamento da maturação de cherimóias, mantidas sob armazenamento refrigerado, colheram-se frutos de cherimóia (Annona cherimola Mill., cv. Fino de Jete, de pomar comercial de Conceição dos Ouros (MG, no início de março de 2000. Selecionaram-se frutos de boa qualidade, os quais foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: a embalados com filme de polietileno coextrusado com incorporação de mineral tipo zeólito (zeolite e b controle (sem filme plástico. Os frutos foram colocados em caixas de papelão e submetidos ao armazenamento refrigerado (12 ± 1 ºC; 90% a 95% de umidade relativa - UR no Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas (SP. Avaliaram-se nos frutos: a perda de massa, a coloração externa, a aparência e a firmeza. Determinaram-se na polpa, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST, o pH, o teor de acidez total titulável (ATT e a relação SST/ATT, ao longo de quatro semanas. Observou-se que os frutos do controle começaram a apresentar alterações físicas e químicas a partir do intervalo entre a segunda e a terceira semana de avaliação, apresentando-se consideravelmente depreciados na terceira semana, enquanto o tratamento com "zeolite" proporcionou melhor conservação dos frutos, até a quarta e última avaliação, tanto no aspecto estético, quanto nos atributos internos. Concluiu-se que os frutos não embalados podem ser conservados até por duas semanas em câmara a 12 ºC e 90% a 95% de UR e os embalados em "zeolite", mantidos sob essa temperatura até por quatro semanas.Fruits of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill. cv. Fino of Jete were harvested from an orchard situated in Conceição dos Ouros - MG, Brazil, in March 2000. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the post harvest conservation of fruits packed with zeolite films. Fruits with better quality were selected and divided into two treatments: a packed with polyethylene coextrused

  3. Spectral ansatz in quantum electrodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Atkinson, D.; Slim, H.A.

    1979-01-01

    An ansatz of Delbourgo and Salam for the spectral representation of the vertex function in quantum electrodynamics. The Ward-Takahashi identity is respected, and the electron propagator does not have a ghost. The infra-red and ultraviolet behaviours of the electron propagator in this theory are considered, and a rigorous existence theorem for the propagator in the Yennie gauge is presented

  4. Gauge theory and elementary particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zwirn, H.

    1982-01-01

    The present orientation of particle physics, founded on local gauge invariance theories and spontaneous symmetry breaking is described in a simple formalism. The application of these ideas to the latest theories describing electromagnetic and weak interactions (Glashow, Weinberg, Salam models) and strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics, is presented so as to give a general picture of the mechanisms subtending these theories [fr

  5. Gravitationally coupled electroweak monopole

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cho, Y.M., E-mail: ymcho7@konkuk.ac.kr [Administration Building 310-4, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701 (Korea, Republic of); School of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Kimm, Kyoungtae [Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, J.H. [Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-10-10

    We present a family of gravitationally coupled electroweak monopole solutions in Einstein–Weinberg–Salam theory. Our result confirms the existence of globally regular gravitating electroweak monopole which changes to the magnetically charged black hole as the Higgs vacuum value approaches to the Planck scale. Moreover, our solutions could provide a more accurate description of the monopole stars and magnetically charged black holes.

  6. Left-right symmetric superstring supergravitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burova, M.V.; Ter-Martirosyan, K.E.

    1988-01-01

    A left-right (L-R) symmetric model of four-dimensional supergravitation with a SO(10) gauge group obtained as the low-energy limit is superstring theory is considered. The spectrum of the gauge fields and their interactions are in agreement with the Weinberg-Salam theory. In addition, the model includes heavy W R ± and Z μ ' bosons. Beside the N g =3 generations of the 16-plets the SO(10) model includes the fragments of such generations which play the role of Higgs particles and also scalar chiral filds, the number of which exceeds by one the number of generations. As a result the neutrinos of each generation obtain a stable small Majorana mass. It is shown that the scalar field potential leads to spontaneous violation of the SU(2) R group and L-R symmetry and at low energies the standard Weinberg-Salam theory appears. However, reasonable values of X bosons masses M x and sun 2 Θ W (Θ W is the Weinberg angle) can be obtained in the model only in the case of high mass scale M R ∼10 10 -10 12 GeV of the right group SU(2) R violation

  7. Search for the decay B^0_sarrow e μ at CDF

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wenzel, Hans; Maeshima, Kaori

    1996-05-01

    We present a search for the decay B^0_sarrow e μ. This decay is strictly forbidden within the standard model of electroweak interaction. However, extensions to the standard model exist which predict a symmetry between quarks and leptons and one of the signals predicted by these models is the decay B^0_sarrow e μ. An example of such model is the Pati-Salam model. We present the first limit on Br(B^0_sarrow e μ). From this limit we derive a mass limit on the Pati-Salam leptoquark mass. ^ Supported by U.S. DOE DE-AC03-76SF00098. ^ Supported by U.S. DOE DE-AC02-76CHO3000. ^*We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; and the A. P. Sloan Foundation.

  8. Electro-weak theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deshpande, N.G.

    1980-01-01

    By electro-weak theory is meant the unified field theory that describes both weak and electro-magnetic interactions. The development of a unified electro-weak theory is certainly the most dramatic achievement in theoretical physics to occur in the second half of this century. It puts weak interactions on the same sound theoretical footing as quantum elecrodynamics. Many theorists have contributed to this development, which culminated in the works of Glashow, Weinberg and Salam, who were jointly awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics. Some of the important ideas that contributed to this development are the theory of beta decay formulated by Fermi, Parity violation suggested by Lee and Yang, and incorporated into immensely successful V-A theory of weak interactions by Sudarshan and Marshak. At the same time ideas of gauge invariance were applied to weak interaction by Schwinger, Bludman and Glashow. Weinberg and Salam then went one step further and wrote a theory that is renormalizable, i.e., all higher order corrections are finite, no mean feat for a quantum field theory. The theory had to await the development of the quark model of hadrons for its completion. A description of the electro-weak theory is given

  9. A gauge model with eight quarks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragiadakos, C.

    1977-01-01

    A gauge model with eight quarks, on the basis of the SU(2)U(1) gauge group, containing the Weinberg-Salam-GIM model is proposed. It may explain the ratio of the neutral current and charged current found at Gargamelle and HPWF, the large y anomaly and, with a convenient introduction of the leptonic sector, the energetic trimuons observed recently in neutrino nucleon collisions

  10. Symmetric neutrino mass matrix with two zeros in SUSY SO(10) GUT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bando, Masako; Kaneko, Satoru; Obara, Midori; Tanimoto, Morimitsu

    2004-01-01

    We study the symmetric 2-zero texture of lepton and quark mass matrix, for the SUSY SO(10) GUT model including the Pati-Salam symmetry. We show that our model can simultaneously explain the current neutrino experimental data, predicted rate of lepton flavor violating processes are safely below the experimental bounds and baryon asymmetry of the universe can be obtained through thermal leptogenesis. (author)

  11. World science

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1989-01-01

    The aim of the Third World Network of Scientific Organizations (TWNSO), established last year with its headquarters in Trieste, Italy, is to promote the role of science and technology in developing countries. TWNSO, under the presidency of Abdus Salam, is an offshoot of the Third World Academy of Sciences, which has pushed the cause of international scientific collaboration since its establishment in 1983. (orig./HSI).

  12. A solution of the strong CP problem in models with scalars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dimopoulos, S.

    1979-01-01

    A possible solution to the strong CP problem within the context of a Weinberg-Salam model with two Higgs fields coupled in a Peccei-Quinn symmetric fashion is pointed out. This is done by extending the colour group to a bigger simple group which is broken at some very high energy. The model contains a heavy axion. No old or new U(1) problem re-emerges. (Auth.)

  13. Problems of CP-violation in early unification theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liparteliani, A.G.; Monich, V.A.; Volkov, G.G.

    1985-01-01

    The present work studies possible mechanisms of P and CP-violation in the frames of an approach based on early unification of fundamental local symmetries, i.e., Pati-Salam four-colour symmetry, extended weak isotopic symmetry and that of quark-lepton generations. The work also studies the influence of generations mixing on the rates of rare processes in each of 3 classes of interactions

  14. Electroweak interactions and the possible leptons with spin 3/2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fleury, N.

    1983-03-01

    The Salam-Weinberg gauge model is applied to heavy leptons with spin 3/2 (Rarita-Schwinger particles). The form of electromagnetic and weak currents given by this theory are obtained. Having determined a possible form of the interaction L(3/2) - l(1/2) - γ, scattering or production cross sections at the lowest order are calculated, as also corrections for existent cross sections [fr

  15. Superstring-inspired SO(10) GUT model with intermediate scale

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sasaki, Ken

    1987-12-01

    A new mechanism is proposed for the mixing of Weinberg-Salam Higgs fields in superstring-inspired SO(10) models with no SO(10) singlet fields. The higher-dimensional terms in the superpotential can generate both Higgs field mixing and a small mass for the physical neutrino. I would like to thank Professor C. Iso for hospitality extended to me at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

  16. Three-dimensional massive gravity and the bigravity black hole

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Banados, Maximo; Theisen, Stefan

    2009-01-01

    We study three-dimensional massive gravity formulated as a theory with two dynamical metrics, like the f-g theories of Isham-Salam and Strathdee. The action is parity preserving and has no higher derivative terms. The spectrum contains a single massive graviton. This theory has several features discussed recently in TMG and NMG. We find warped black holes, a critical point, and generalized Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions.

  17. What can we learn from high precision measurements of neutrino ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    To see how a µ ↔ τ symmetry of the neutrino mass matrix appears in the mixing matrix, let us consider the case of ... whether one can have mass matrices invariant under νµ ↔ ντ symmetry while giving ∆m2. ®. = 0 and θ12 ..... symmetry that unifies quarks and leptons, which includes the SU(4)-color group of Pati and Salam.

  18. Astronomers Travel in Time and Space with Light

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mather, John C.

    2016-01-01

    This is an excerpt of John Mather's in a book titled: INSPIRED BY LIGHT, Reflections from the International Year of Light 2015. It was produced in January 2016 by SPIE, the European Physical Society (EPS), and The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) to commemorate the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies 2015. The excerpt discusses how astronomers use light.

  19. 25 years at Trieste

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    1990-01-15

    Towards the end of October 1964, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) came formally into being in Trieste. With less than 200 scientific visitors in its first year, the Centre, under the inspired Directorship of Abdus Salam and supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), UNESCO, and Italian national and regional authorities, has grown into a veritable world centre of scientific excellence, attracting over 4000 active researchers each year.

  20. Discovery of the charged vector bosons (W+-) conveying weak interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiss, D.

    1983-01-01

    The unified Weinberg-Salam-Glashow theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions assumes the existence of two charged (W) and one neutral (Z) intermediate vector bosons of the unified electroweak interaction. These particles were discovered at the end of 1982 with the CERN's SPS proton-antiproton colliding beams. Technical aspects of the production and detection of W and Z bosons, the first results and their importance are described in detail. (D.Gy.)

  1. Solution of the strong CP problem in models with scalars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dimopoulos, S.

    1978-01-01

    A possible solution to the strong CP problem is pointed out within the context of a Weinberg--Salam model with two Higgs fields coupled in a Peccei--Quinn symmetric fashion. This is done by extending the colour group to a bigger simple group which is broken at some very high energy. The model contains a heavy axion. No old or new U(1) problem re-emerges. 31 references

  2. The derivative expansion of the fermion number current

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    D'Hoker, E.; Goldstone, J.

    1985-01-01

    The fermion number current is evaluated to leading order in the derivative expansion for chiral fermions in the background of arbitrary Higgs and chiral gauge fields. This current is given by the gauged topological current plus a total divergence term. The total divergence term is absent in Weinberg-Salam theory with one scalar Higgs doublet, even for an arbitrary mass matrix, but appears when several Higgs doublets are present. (orig.)

  3. 25 years at Trieste

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1990-01-01

    Towards the end of October 1964, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) came formally into being in Trieste. With less than 200 scientific visitors in its first year, the Centre, under the inspired Directorship of Abdus Salam and supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), UNESCO, and Italian national and regional authorities, has grown into a veritable world centre of scientific excellence, attracting over 4000 active researchers each year.

  4. Effects of packaging and temperature on postharvest of atemoya Efeito do tipo de embalagem e da temperatura na conservação de atemóias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Yamashita

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Effects of refrigerated storage and different packages on postharvest behaviour of fruits of atemoya (Annona cherimola x A. squamosa cv. PR3 were investigated. Fruits were individually sealed in copolymer (PD-955 and low-density polyethylene (LDPE bags and stored for 21 days at 15°C or 25°C. Then they were unwrapped and maintained at 25°C, for ripening. Weight loss and firmness of fruits were both affected by storage time, temperature and packaging. Weight loss in packaged atemoyas was lower than in the control, non-wrapped fruits. A non-trained panel scored the atemoyas for overall eating quality and appearance. Fruits sealed in LDPE did not ripen, probably due to an injurious atmosphere developed inside the package. Atemoyas packaged in PD-955 film had a shelf-life of 17 days against 13 days of the control ones, both stored at 15°C, an increase of 30% on shelf-life.Testou-se o comportamento da atemóia (Annona cherimola x A. squamosa cv. PR3 frente a armazenagem refrigerada e a utilização de diferentes embalagens. Os frutos foram embalados individualmente em sacos de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD ou em sacos feitos de um copolímero (PD-955, e armazenados por 21 dias, a 15ºC ou 25ºC, quando foram então desembalados e mantidos a 25ºC para amadurecerem. Tanto a perda de massa como a firmeza dos frutos foram afetadas pela embalagem, tempo e temperatura de armazenagem. A perda de massa pelas atemóias embaladas foi significativamente menor do que naquelas sem embalagem, que serviram de controle. Provadores não treinados ordenaram as atemóias em função do sabor e aparência. Frutos embalados com PEBD não amadureceram, provavelmente devido ao desenvolvimento de uma atmosfera tóxica ao fruto no interior da embalagem. As atemóias embaladas com PD-955 apresentaram vida de prateleira de 17 dias contra 13 dias dos frutos-controle, ambos a 15ºC, que representam um aumento de 30% na vida de prateleira.

  5. Avaliação da vida de prateleira do suco de maracujá (Passiflora edullis f. flavicarpa desidratado Shelf life evaluation of dehydrated passion fruit juice (Passiflora Edullis f. flavicarpa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Érika Endo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Suco de maracujá desidratado por spray-drying, natural e adicionado de açúcar, foi embalado em embalagens laminadas e armazenado em ambientes de 30 e 40 °C e 84% de umidade relativa. Os sucos embalados tiveram sua vida útil avaliada por determinações físicas e microbiológicas. A adição de açúcar aumentou a solubilidade, a molhabilidade, o tamanho da partícula e os valores de L* luminosidade do produto, e diminuiu os parâmetros de cor a* (intensidade da cor vermelha e b* (intensidade da cor amarela do produto. Durante o armazenamento, os produtos se mantiveram microbiologicamente estáveis, mas fisicamente foram alterados em relação aos parâmetros de cor e tamanho da partícula, tornando-se escuros e aglomerados, notadamente aqueles adicionados de açúcar e expostos a 40 °C, não sendo recomendada esta adição. Do ponto de vista físico, o período seguro para armazenamento de suco de maracujá natural desidratado foi de 120 dias a 30 °C e 60 dias a 40 °C.Passion fruit juice dehydrated by spray-drying, with and without commercial sugar addition, was wrapped in laminated packing. The packaged juice powder was stored and the shelf life was analyzed by physical and microbiology determinations, at room temperature of 30 and 40 °C and 84% of relative humidity. Adding sugar increased the solubility, wetability, particle size and luminosity L* value and decreased a* (red colour intensity and b* (yellow colour intensity colour parameters. During storage the dehydrated juice was microbiologically stable but, physically it was altered in relation to the colour and particle size of the parameters, becoming dark and agglomerated, especially for the added sugar exposed to 40 °C. Therefore this added sugar was not recommended. From the physical standpoint, the safe dehydrated natural passion fruit juice shelf life was estimated at 120 days at 30 °C, and 60 days at 40 °C.

  6. KARO’S LOCAL WISDOM: THE USE OF WOODY PLANTS FOR TRADITIONAL DIABETIC MEDICINES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rospita Odorlina Situmorang

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper identifies the plant species used traditionally by Karo people in North Sumatra, to cure diabetes, analyses the cultural significance index of those plants for the Karo, and clarifies phytochemical contents of the plants. Data were collected using survey method from selected respondents (n=54 based on their knowledge and practices in utilising medicinal plants to cure diabetic disease. Index of Cultural Significance (ICS of plants was determined using the method proposed by Turner. Results showed that twelve woody plant species have been used to cure diabetes: loning leave (Psychotria sp., kacihe leave (Prunus accuminta Hook, umbrella tree leave (Maesopsis eminii Engl, mutamba leave (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk, cepcepan leave (Villebrunea subescens Blume, pirdot/cepcepan lembu leave (Saurauia vulcani Korth, raru bark (Cotylelobium melanoxylo, breadfruit leave (Artocarpus altilis, salam leave (Syzygium polyanthum Wight, mahogany seed (Swietenia mahagoni (L. Jacq, cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmani, and yellow bamboo rod (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Five of those plants: loning, umbrella tree, mutamba, raru and salam have the highest cultural significance level. These five plants are highly needed in large quatities by the Karo people, so their availability in the forest should be securely conserved and protected. The plants used contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids which can help to lower blood sugar level.

  7. Detailed examination of 'standard elementary particle theories' based on measurement with Tristan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kamae, Tsuneyoshi

    1989-01-01

    The report discusses possible approaches to detailed analysis of 'standard elementary particle theories' on the basis of measurements made with Tristan. The first section of the report addresses major elementary particles involved in the 'standard theories'. The nature of the gauge particles, leptons, quarks and Higgs particle are briefly outlined. The Higgs particle and top quark have not been discovered, though the Higgs particle is essential in the Weiberg-Salam theory. Another important issue in this field is the cause of the collapse of the CP symmetry. The second section deals with problems which arise in universalizing the concept of the 'standard theories'. What are required to solve these problems include the discovery of supersymmetric particles, discovery of conflicts in the 'standard theories', and accurate determination of fundamental constants used in the 'standard theories' by various different methods. The third and fourth sections address the Weinberg-Salam theory and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). There are four essential parameters for the 'standard theories', three of which are associated with the W-S theory. The mass of the W and Z bosons measured in proton-antiproton collision experiments is compared with that determined by applying the W-S theory to electron-positron experiments. For QCD, it is essential to determine the lambda constant. (N.K.)

  8. Continuum limit of QED2 on a lattice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weingarten, D.H.; Challifour, J.L.

    1979-01-01

    A path integral is defined for the vacuum expectation values of Euclidean QED 2 on a periodic lattice. Wilson's expression is used for the coupling between fermion and gauge fields. The action for the gauge field by itself is assumed to be a quadratic in place of Wilson's periodic action. The integral over the fermion field is carried out explicitly to obtain a Matthews--Salam formula for vacuum expectation values. For a combination of gauge and fermion fields G on a lattice with spacing proportional to N -+ , Nelement ofZ + , the Matthews--Salam formula for the vacuum expectation /sub N/ has the form /sub n/=∫ dμW/sub N/(G, f), where dμ is an N-independent measure on a random electromagnetic field f and W/sub N/(G,f) is an N-dependent function of f determined by G. For a class of G we prove that as N→infinity, W/sub N/(G,f) has a limit W (G,f) except possibly for a set of f of measure zero. In subsequent articles it will be shown that ∫ dμW (G,f) exists and lim/sub N/→infinity /sub N/ =∫ dμW

  9. Evaluation of doctors? performance as facilitators in basic medical science lecture classes in a new Malaysian medical school

    OpenAIRE

    Ismail, Salwani; Salam, Abdus; Alattraqchi, Ahmed G; Annamalai, Lakshmi; Chockalingam, Annamalai; Elena, Wan Putri; Rahman, Nor Iza A; Abubakar, Abdullahi Rabiu; Haque, Mainul

    2015-01-01

    Salwani Ismail,1 Abdus Salam,2 Ahmed G Alattraqchi,1 Lakshmi Annamalai,1 Annamalai Chockalingam,1 Wan Putri Elena,3 Nor Iza A Rahman,1 Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar,1 Mainul Haque1 1Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 2Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Background: Dida...

  10. Neutrino bi-large mixings and family

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bando, Masako; Obara, Midori

    2004-01-01

    After a brief review of quark-lepton relations in grand unified theories (GUT), we show that the Pati-Salam relation with only one type of Higgs field configuration with ''four zero symmetric texture'' can reproduce two large neutrino mixings as well as observed mass differences. This is quite in contrast to the case of SU(5) where bi-large mixings essentially come from the charged lepton sector with non-symmetric charged lepton mass matrix. (author)

  11. Phenomenology of the Higgs boson

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ali, A.

    1981-09-01

    The phenomenology of the standard Weinberg-Salam Higgs boson is reviewed with particular emphasis on production mechanisms in high energy e + e - and hadron-hadron collisions. The production processes relevant for the ISABELLE and TEVATRON energies are discussed and their backgrounds estimated. It is argued that the toponium production and radiative decay provides the most hopeful reaction to detect a Higgs in both the e + e - and the hadron-hadron machines. (orig.)

  12. Duffin-Kemmer formulation of spin one-half particle gauge theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Samiullah, M.; Mansour, H.M.M.

    1981-02-01

    We have gauge formulated the spin one-half particle equation in the Duffin-Kemmer formalism of Barut et al. The theory distinguishes between the left and the right chiral states and has a built in chirality. As an example the theory has been applied to the Weinberg Salam model reproducing all its essential features. In view of the built in chirality a lattice gauge version of such a theory is expected to be useful. (author)

  13. 2002 Spring school on superstrings and related matters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bachas, C.; Gava, E.; Maldacena, J.; Narain, K.S.; Randjbar-Daemi, S.

    2003-01-01

    This CD contains the lecture notes given at the Spring School on Superstrings and related Matters, held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics from 18 to 26 March 2002. It contains lectures about M theory, G 2 -manifolds and four dimensional physics, covariant quantization of the superstring, mirror symmetry, strings in flat space and plane waves from N=4 super Yang Mills, phenomenological aspects of D-branes and open string star algebra

  14. Evaluation of systematic uncertainties caused by radiative corrections in experiments on deep inelastic νsub(l)N-scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bardin, D.Yu.

    1979-01-01

    Basing on the simple quark-parton model of strong interaction and on the Weinberg-Salam theory compact formulae are derived for the radiative correction to the charged current induced deep inelastic scattering of neutrinos on nucleons. The radiative correction is found to be around 20-30%, i.e., the value typical for deep inelastic lN-scattering. The results obtained are rather different from the presently available estimations of the effect under consideration

  15. A geometrodynamical approach to the MIT confinement scheme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martellini, M.; Sodano, P.

    1978-01-01

    Starting from the strong gravity theory of Salam-Isham-Strathdee the M.I.T. bag is identified as a certain region of the global extension of a De Sitter-Schwarzschild solution. As a result the M.I.T. bag radius, a geometrical interpretation of the binding Lagrangian term and a rate of decaying of the ''bag manifold'' into the flat space (which, however, does not lead to observable quark wave functions) are obtained. (author)

  16. CTC Sentinel. Volume 9, Issue 10, October 2016

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-10-01

    accept the kind of autocrats who sparked such unrest in the first place. Messaging Western leaders , particularly those in the United States...Salam (Peace Companies), and Sayyid al-Shuhada.19 From June 13, 2014, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki appointed Badr leader Hadi al- Ameri as the...signed by AAH threatened families living in Muqdadiyah unless they left their homes in 48 hours. Authors’ SIGACT dataset. v Badr leader Hadi al-Amiri

  17. Three-quark forces and the role of meson exchanges in weak NN interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grach, I.; Shmatikov, M.

    1989-01-01

    The contribution of weak three-quark forces involving meson exchanges to the longitudinal analyzing power A L in the low-energy pp-scattering is calculated. The nonrelativistic potential model is used for the desorption of strong quark interactions while their weak coupling is described by the Weinberg-Salam lagrangian. The dominant mechanism of parity violation in the NN system (provided the one-pion exchange is forbidden by selection rules) is the contact interaction of quarks. 17 refs.; 3 figs

  18. Syria and Iraq: Relations and Prospects

    Science.gov (United States)

    1984-05-01

    Asad TABLE 1 HAFIZ AL-ASAD’S KINSHIP GROUP Position Kinship Adnan Makhluf Muhammad al-Khuli Ali Dubah Ali Arslan Ali Salih Ali Haydar Shafiq...predecessor, General Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr, to neutralize the military’s tendency to overthrow the Party, as it did in 1963 under General Abd al-Salam Arif...SADDAM HUSAYN’S KINSHIP GROUP POSITION KINSHIP General Adnan Khay- rallah (Talfah) Ali Hasan al-Majid Fadhil al-Barrak Izzat Ibrahim al-Duri Kamil

  19. 2002 Spring school on superstrings and related matters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bachas, C [ENS, Paris (France); Gava, E [INFN, Trieste (Italy); [Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste (Italy); Maldacena, J [Harvard University, Cambridge (United States); Narain, K S; Randjbar-Daemi, S [Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste (Italy)

    2003-08-15

    This CD contains the lecture notes given at the Spring School on Superstrings and related Matters, held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics from 18 to 26 March 2002. It contains lectures about M theory, G{sub 2}-manifolds and four dimensional physics, covariant quantization of the superstring, mirror symmetry, strings in flat space and plane waves from N=4 super Yang Mills, phenomenological aspects of D-branes and open string star algebra.

  20. Nutritional value and fatty acid composition of some traditional Argentinean meat sausages

    OpenAIRE

    Mara Cristina Romero; Ana María Romero; Mirtha Marina Doval; Maria Alicia Judis

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional composition (moisture, protein, carbohydrates, and total fat) of meat products elaborated in the northeast of Argentina, analyzing fatty acids composition, PUFA/SFA ratio, n-6/n-3 relation, and CLA content. Thirty traditional meat products from different processes were used. Samples were classified into 4 different categories as follows: salamín (dry cured and fermented sausage), chorizos (raw sausage), chorizo ahumado (cooked and smoked s...

  1. Experimental search for parity nonconservation in atomic thallium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Commins, E.D.

    1978-01-01

    In the lecture an experimental search for parity nonconservation in the 6 2 P/sub 1/2/--7 2 P/sub 1/2/ transition in atomic thallium is described. The reason for the choice of this particular transition, a description of the method, the results to data, and a brief description of the future plans are given. The very preliminary results suggest that the Weinberg--Salam model correctly describes parity nonconservation effects in atoms. 5 references

  2. Exact solutions of strong gravity in generalized metrics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hojman, R.; Smailagic, A.

    1981-05-01

    We consider classical solutions for the strong gravity theory of Salam and Strathdee in a wider class of metrics with positive, zero and negative curvature. It turns out that such solutions exist and their relevance for quark confinement is explored. Only metrics with positive curvature (spherical symmetry) give a confining potential in a simple picture of the scalar hadron. This supports the idea of describing the hadron as a closed microuniverse of the strong metric. (author)

  3. Point de vue de la population sur la réforme du secteur de la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Point de vue de la population sur la réforme du secteur de la sécurité palestinien. Dans le cadre de son plan visant à bâtir les institutions de l'État palestinien, le gouvernement de Salam Fayyad s'était engagé en août 2009 à moderniser le secteur de la sécurité palestinien en se fondant sur l'État de droit, sous la ...

  4. A note on total muon capture rates in heavy nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parthasarathy, R.

    1978-03-01

    The results of calculations of the total capture rates in heavy nuclei, into account the nucleon velocity-dependent terms in the Fujii-Primakoff Hamiltonian and the effective mass of nucleons inside the nucleus, are presented along with the recent experimental data. The results are in general agreement with experiment. However, they indicate a possible deviation from SU(4) symmetry and, in some nuclei, support the Salam-Strathdee idea of the vanishing of the Cabibbo angle at large magnetic fields.

  5. Cosmological implication of massive neutrinos in a horizontal model context

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldman, C.

    1985-04-01

    An extended version of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model for the eletroweak interactions is studied in detail. It has an extra global horizontal symmetry, which allows the appearance of neutrino mass terms. The constraints imposed by the standard cosmological model were used to determine the allowed range of variations of the free parameters of this model. As applications, the solar neutrinos problem and the formation of large scale structures in the universe is studied. (Author) [pt

  6. Strong interaction phenomenology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Giffon, M.

    1989-01-01

    A brief review of high energy hadronic data (Part I)is followed by an introduction to the standard (Weinberg Salam Glashow) model of electroweak interactions and its extension to the hadrons (Part II). Rudiments of QCD and of the parton model area given in Part III together with a quick review of the spectroscopy of heavy flavours whereas Part IV is devoted to the introduction to deep inelastic scattering and to the so-called EMC effects. (author)

  7. Forty years of the first attempt at the electroweak unification and of the prediction of the weak neutral boson Z0

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leite Lopes, J.

    1998-03-01

    The author describes his first in 1958 at the unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions and his prediction in the same paper of the neutral Z 0 boson which would be the intermediate quantum exchanged in an eventual electron-neutron weak interaction (as muonic neutrinos were not known at that time). In annex he transcribes copies of letters from Steven Weinberg, Abdus Salam and Bruno Pontecorvo and comments by C.N. Yang and J. Tiomno. (author)

  8. Measurement of the transverse momentum differential cross-section for Z boson decays to muon anti-muon events in proton anti-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy = 1.8-TeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krasberg, Mark T. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

    2003-01-01

    In 1961 Sheldon Lee Glashow, while working on electroweak unification gauge theory, developed a model in which he introduced a massive neutral intermediate vector boson, call Z [1], [2], [3]. By 1967 Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam had independently solved the theoretical problems with this model and developed their own self-consistent theory. In this thesis the Z gauge boson production rate at CDF as a function of the Z transverse momentum is studied in the dimuon channel.

  9. Risky substance exposure during pregnancy: a pilot study from Lebanese mothers

    OpenAIRE

    Rachidi, Samar; Awada, Sanaa; Al-Hajje, Amal; Bawab, Wafaa; Zein, Salam; Saleh, Nadine; Salameh, Pascale

    2013-01-01

    Samar Rachidi,1 Sanaa Awada,1 Amal Al-Hajje,1 Wafaa Bawab,1 Salam Zein,1 Nadine Saleh,1,2 Pascale Salameh1,21Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; 2Faculty of Public Health Labanese University, Beirut, LebanonBackground: The harmful effects of medication and licit substance use during pregnancy may potentially constitute a major public health concern. Our study aims to assess risky exposure of Lebanese pregnant women to drugs, tobacco, caff...

  10. The one-loop effects in the electroweak Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Christova Christova, P.

    1987-01-01

    In the near future the experiment will reach a great precision and will be able to test the standard electroweak theory. It is important now to put in order calculations of radiative corrections in this theory and to make correct and exact present theoretical predictions for the measured quantities. The survey of some results of group working in the JINR, Dubna, may serve this aim. We discuss here on-mass-shell renormalization scheme in the unitary gauge; the one-loop amplitudes of both charge and neutral currents-induced fermion scatterings; the large constant effects; the dynamical behaviour of the one-loop neutral-current corrections; the calculation of the W-and Z-boson masses; the difference between the various Weinberg parameters sin 2 Θ W . 44 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab. (author)

  11. The genesis of unified gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kibble, Tom

    1993-01-01

    The theoretical physics group at London's Imperial College in 1959 had three permanent faculty: Abdus Salam, his erstwhile thesis supervisor Paul Matthews, and John C.Taylor. I joined as a lecturer the following year. In those early days we had lots of visitors, both long- and short-term - Murray Gell-Mann, Ken Johnson, John Ward, Lowell Brown, Gordon Feldman and Steven Weinberg. About a year after I arrived we were transferred from the Mathematics to the Physics Department under the formidable Patrick (P.M.S.) Blackett. Having been brought up in the Cavendish Laboratory tradition under Lord Rutherford, Blackett was rather scornful of theoretical physicists, but he knew a good thing when he saw one and had persuaded Salam to join the rapidly expanding Physics Department. In 1960 field theory was widely regarded as very passé. It had had its triumphs: renormalization theory had made sense of divergences, and quantum electrodynamics had been magnificently vindicated. But field theory didn't seem to work for anything else, particularly not for the strong interactions, and was definitely out of fashion. There were, however, a few places in the world where field theory was still studied unashamedly. Imperial College was one. Harvard was certainly another; many of our visitors over the next few years were Julian Schwinger's students

  12. The genesis of unified gauge theories

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kibble, Tom

    1993-06-15

    The theoretical physics group at London's Imperial College in 1959 had three permanent faculty: Abdus Salam, his erstwhile thesis supervisor Paul Matthews, and John C.Taylor. I joined as a lecturer the following year. In those early days we had lots of visitors, both long- and short-term - Murray Gell-Mann, Ken Johnson, John Ward, Lowell Brown, Gordon Feldman and Steven Weinberg. About a year after I arrived we were transferred from the Mathematics to the Physics Department under the formidable Patrick (P.M.S.) Blackett. Having been brought up in the Cavendish Laboratory tradition under Lord Rutherford, Blackett was rather scornful of theoretical physicists, but he knew a good thing when he saw one and had persuaded Salam to join the rapidly expanding Physics Department. In 1960 field theory was widely regarded as very passé. It had had its triumphs: renormalization theory had made sense of divergences, and quantum electrodynamics had been magnificently vindicated. But field theory didn't seem to work for anything else, particularly not for the strong interactions, and was definitely out of fashion. There were, however, a few places in the world where field theory was still studied unashamedly. Imperial College was one. Harvard was certainly another; many of our visitors over the next few years were Julian Schwinger's students.

  13. The Impacts of Liquidity on Profitability in Banking Sectors of Iraq: A Case of Iraqi Commercial Banks.

    OpenAIRE

    Sardar Shaker Ibrahim

    2017-01-01

    This study examines the influence of liquidity on the profitability of Iraqi commercial banks. Five banks based in Iraq namely: North bank, Iraqi Islamic bank, Sumer bank, Dar Es-Salam bank and Babylon bank randomly selected and analyzed for the current study over the period 2005 to 2013. Moreover,  annual reports of these banks have studied and the main ratios of profitability and liquidity were calculated. These reports are available at Iraqi Stock Exchange site. The variables that were ide...

  14. Lepton--lepton scattering in a spontaneously broken gauge theory satisfying strong interaction duality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dicus, D.A.; Teplitz, V.L.; Young, J.E.

    1974-01-01

    A spontaneously broken gauge theory of leptons (e, μ, ν/sub e'/, ν/sub μ/) is constructed in which the two-body scattering amplitudes are dual. The resultant model leads to suppression of ν/sub μ/ + e → ν/sub μ/ + e and predictions for ν/sub e/ + e → ν/sub e/ + e and e + e → μ + μ - that are distinctly different from those of both the conventional V--A theory and the Weinberg-Salam model. (U.S.)

  15. Invited presentations. College on soil physics 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gabriels, D.M.; Ghirardi, G.; Nielsen, D.R.; Pla Sentis, I.; Skidmore, E.L.

    2004-01-01

    The present book is a partial compilation of contributions from selected former participants of the College on Soil Physics invited to make presentations related to their achievements as a result of attending the College. It also serves as a testimony of the existing links between soil physicists throughout the world strengthened by the support and programs of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics originally envisioned by Abdus Salam to foster the growth of advanced studies and physics research in developing countries

  16. Invited presentations. College on soil physics 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gabriels, D M [Univ. Ghent (Belgium); Ghirardi, G [Univ. Trieste (Italy); Nielsen, D R [Univ. California (United States); Pla Sentis, I [Univ. Lleida (Spain); Skidmore, E L [Kansas State Univ. (United States)

    2004-05-15

    The present book is a partial compilation of contributions from selected former participants of the College on Soil Physics invited to make presentations related to their achievements as a result of attending the College. It also serves as a testimony of the existing links between soil physicists throughout the world strengthened by the support and programs of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics originally envisioned by Abdus Salam to foster the growth of advanced studies and physics research in developing countries.

  17. Flavour from accidental symmetries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferretti, Luca; King, Stephen F.; Romanino, Andrea

    2006-01-01

    We consider a new approach to fermion masses and mixings in which no special 'horizontal' dynamics is invoked to account for the hierarchical pattern of charged fermion masses and for the peculiar features of neutrino masses. The hierarchy follows from the vertical, family-independent structure of the model, in particular from the breaking pattern of the Pati-Salam group. The lightness of the first two fermion families can be related to two family symmetries emerging in this context as accidental symmetries

  18. On hierarchy in asymptotic reconstruction of spontaneously broken isotopic symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ermolaev, B.I.

    1978-01-01

    The isotopic features of the effective current-current lagrangian of the Lsub(eff) electromagnetic-weak interaction between elementary particles are treated at large momentum transfers using the Weinberg-Salam model. Transition to other models may be made by analogy. It is shown that when the collision energies of elementary particles exceed 90 GeV one may expect the hierarchy in the asymptotic reconstruction of the isotopic symmetry. Such hierarchy could be observed, in particular, in experiments on elastic leptonic collisions at high energies

  19. Forty years of the first attempt at the electroweak unification and of the prediction of the weak neutral boson Z{sub 0}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leite Lopes, J [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    1998-03-01

    The author describes his first in 1958 at the unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions and his prediction in the same paper of the neutral Z{sub 0} boson which would be the intermediate quantum exchanged in an eventual electron-neutron weak interaction (as muonic neutrinos were not known at that time). In annex he transcribes copies of letters from Steven Weinberg, Abdus Salam and Bruno Pontecorvo and comments by C.N. Yang and J. Tiomno. (author) 24 refs., 5 figs.

  20. Efeito do cloreto de cálcio na qualidade de abacaxi 'Pérola' minimamente processado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antoniolli Lucimara Rogéria

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do cloreto de cálcio na qualidade do abacaxi 'Pérola' minimamente processado. Os tratamentos, arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x5, consistiram das concentrações de CaCl2 e dos períodos de armazenamento, com três repetições. Frutos previamente sanitizados foram descascados mecanicamente, fatiados manualmente e imersos em solução de CaCl2 a 1% e a 2% e em água (controle, durante 30 segundos. As fatias foram acondicionadas em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato e mantidas à temperatura de 4±1degreesC durante períodos de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias. A textura não foi influenciada por nenhum dos fatores estudados. Constatou-se menor atividade peroxidásica nos frutos tratados com CaCl2 2%. Quanto à coloração, a imersão em solução de CaCl2 1% resultou em fatias mais escurecidas, com menor valor L* e maior valor a* ao final do período de armazenamento. A utilização de CaCl2 em abacaxi 'Pérola' minimamente processado não proporciona efeitos benéficos na textura, e interfere negativamente na coloração da polpa do fruto.

  1. Hawking radiation and strong gravity black holes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qadir, A.; Sayed, W.A.

    1979-01-01

    It is shown that the strong gravity theory of Salam et al. places severe restrictions on black hole evaporation. Two major implications are that: mini blck holes (down to masses approximately 10 -16 kg) would be stable in the present epoch; and that some suggested mini black hole mechanisms to explain astrophysical phenomena would not work. The first result implies that f-gravity appears to make black holes much safer by removing the possibility of extremely violent black hole explosions suggested by Hawking. (Auth.)

  2. Can coupling constants be related

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nandi, Satyanarayan; Ng, Wing-Chiu.

    1978-06-01

    We analyze the conditions under which several coupling constants in field theory can be related to each other. When the relation is independent of the renormalization point, the relation between any g and g' must satisfy a differential equation as follows from the renormalization group equations. Using this differential equation, we investigate the criteria for the feasibility of a power-series relation for various theories, especially the Weinberg-Salam type (including Higgs bosons) with an arbitrary number of quark and lepton flavors. (orig./WL) [de

  3. Two consistent calculations of the Weinberg angle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fairlie, D.B.

    1979-01-01

    The Weinberg-Salam theory is reformulated as a pure Yang-Mills theory in a six-dimensional space, the Higgs field being interpreted as gauge potentials in the additional dimensions. Viewed in this way, the condition that the Higgs field transforms as a U(1) representation of charge one is equivalent to requiring a value of 30 0 C for the Weinberg angle. A second consistent determination comes from the idea borrowed from monopole theory that the electromagnetic field is in the direction of the Higgs field. (Author)

  4. Discrete Symmetries and Models of Flavour Mixing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    King, Stephen F

    2015-01-01

    In this talk we shall give an overview of the role of discrete symmetries, including both CP and family symmetry, in constructing unified models of quark and lepton (including especially neutrino) masses and mixing. Various different approaches to model building will be described, denoted as direct, semi-direct and indirect, and the pros and cons of each approach discussed. Particular examples based on Δ(6n 2 ) will be discussed and an A to Z of Flavour with Pati-Salam will be presented. (paper)

  5. Country Presentation Tanzania

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    KIFANGA, L.D.; GYIMBI, H.; MLOWOLA, V.; KASONGWA, M.

    2010-01-01

    Discusses overview of incidents and developments involving illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials in Tanzania.13 cases have been recorded between 1996 and 2008. All cases occurred in Dar Es Salam. Police, customs and security staff intercepted the sources and culprits arrested. The latest incident occurred in May 2008 and involved illegal possession of a capsule labelled nuclear material (U-238). A total of 14 sources were seized . Types of sources seized were u-238, Caesium-137, Strontium-90 and Radium-226.

  6. Saa võimust : [luuletused] / J{u00E1nos Pilinszky ; tlk. Tiiu Kokla, Kairi Mesipuu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Pilinszky, J{u00E1nos

    2004-01-01

    Sisu: Saa võimust ; Trapets ja tõke ; Talvise taeva all ; Ühe kire marginaaliks ; Harbach 1944 ; Armastuse kõrb ; Apokrüüf ; Nelik ; Järelsõna ; Introitus ; Van Gogh ; Väike öömuusika ; Timuka päevikust ; Madalseisu pidu ; Pole muud ; Ravensbrücki passioon ; Van Goghi palve ; Kadunud poja otsimine ; Su käsi, mu käsi ; Salamõrv ; Luuletus ; Peks ; 22. detsember 1970 ; Visand ; Kolmandal päeval ; Kadunud pojad ; Lõpetamata minevik. Eluloolisi andmeid autori kohta lk. 181-182

  7. Water resilient green cities in Africa Newsletter issue 2

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Li; Jensen, Marina Bergen; Fryd, Ole

    2015-01-01

    recharge and provide additional ecosystem services to the benefit of the citizens’ everyday life. Cities in Africa, like Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Dar es Salam, Tanzania, do not have adequate city-wide conventional urban water systems like centralized, pipe-based water supply, drainage and sanitation......Many cities around the world are exploring green infrastructures with landscape-based systems as solutions to complement the limited capacity or extend the conventional water systems. In addition to improving flood protection, these landscape-based systems can support water supply, groundwater...

  8. Ratio of neutral-current to charged-current cross sections for inclusive neutrino interactions in hydrogen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Harris, F.A.; Berge, J.P.; Bogert, D.V.; Cence, R.J.; Coffin, T.C.; Cundy, D.C.; Diamond, R.N.; DiBianca, F.A.; French, H.T.; Hanft, R.; Kochowski, C.; Louis, W.C.; Lynch, G.R.; Malko, J.; Marriner, J.P.; Nezrick, F.A.; Parker, S.I.; Peters, M.W.; Peterson, V.Z.; Roe, B.P.; Ross, R.T.; Scott, W.G.; Seidl, A.A.; Smart, W.; Stenger, V.J.; Stevenson, M.L.; Vander Velde, J.C.

    1977-01-01

    The ratio of neutral-current to charged-current cross sections is determined from a sample of events obtained in an exposure of the Fermilab 15-ft hydrogen bubble chamber to a high-energy, horn-focused neutrino beam. For evens with three or more prongs and with visible hadron momentum above 10 GeV/c, the ratio is 0.40 +- 0.14. A Monte Carlo calculation assuming the Weinberg-Salam model is used to correct for excluded events, yielding R/sub NC/CC/ = 0.48 +- 0.17

  9. Dyson-Schwinger equations in quantum electrodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slim, H.A.

    1981-01-01

    A quantum field theory is completely determined by the knowledge of its Green functions and this thesis is concerned with the Salam and Delbourgo approximation method for the determination of the Green functions. In chapter 2 a Lorentz covariant, canonical formulation for quantum electrodynamics is described. In chapter 3 the definition of the Green functions in quantum electrodynamics is given with a derivation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations. The Ward-Takahashi identities, which are a consequence of current conservation, are derived and finally renormalization is briefly mentioned and the equations for the renormalized quantities are given. The gauge transformations, changing the gauge-parameter, a, discussed in Chapter 2 for the field operators, also have implications for the Green functions, and these are worked out in Chapter 4 for the electron propagator, which is not gauge-invariant. Before developing the main approximation, a simple, non-relativistic model is studied in Chapter 5. It has the feature of being exactly solvable in a way which closely resembles the approximation method of Chapter 6 for relativistic quantum electrodynamics. There the Dyson-Schwinger equations for the electron and photon propagator are studied. In chapter 7, the Johnson-Baker-Willey program of finite quantum electrodynamics is considered, in connection with the Ansatz of Salam and Delbourgo, and the question of a possible fixed point of the coupling constant is considered. In the last chapter, some remarks are made about how the results of the approximation scheme can be improved. (Auth.)

  10. Prediction of the Cabibbo angle in the vector model for electroweak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reifler, F.; Morris, R.

    1985-01-01

    In a recent paper we presented a vector model for the electroweak interactions which is similar to the Weinberg--Salam model but differs in the following features. (1) In the vector model all fermion wave functions are bispinors or equivalently isotropic Yang--Mills triplets (as opposed to a state vector composed of a spinor and bispinors in the Weinberg--Salam model). Particles are distinguished by their Higgs fields. (2) The vector model predicts that sin 2 theta/sub W/ = 1/4 , where theta/sub W/ is the Weinberg angle. (3) The vector model accounts for conservation of lepton number, electric charge, and baryon number. (4) In the vector model an antiparticle is characterized by opposite lepton number, electric charge, and baryon number; yet both particles and antiparticles propagate forward in time with positive energies. In this paper we extend the vector theory to include interactions between fermions and the gauge bosons mediating the electroweak force. We model the bosons as Yang--Mills fields with their own Higgs fields. We further propose a specific configuration of Higgs fields for the u,d,s, and c quarks. With these features, the model accounts for electroweak transitions of quarks and leptons and predicts that cos theta/sub C/ = 0.9744, where theta/sub C/ is the Cabibbo angle. We further show that the vector model accounts for the intrinsic parity of particles and antiparticles, and parity violations and CPT invariance for electroweak interactions

  11. Efecto de la dieta de cerdos en crecimiento sobre el valor nutritivo y la aptitud tecnológica de la carne y grasa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Capra

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se sometieron cerdos con peso medio inicial de 53 kg a tres tratamientos: T1 dieta testigo conteniendo suplementos proteicos de origen vegetal y animal, T2 dieta basada exclusivamente en suplementos proteicos de origen vegetal y T3 dieta testigo restringida al 90 % de la cantidad ofrecida al T1 más libre acceso a pasturas. Se determinaron parámetros de comportamiento productivo y características de la canal en planta de faena. Se determinaron contenido de grasa intramuscular del Longissimus dorsi, perfil lipídico de la grasa subcutánea e intramuscular, contenido de hierro, zinc, magnesio, sodio y vitamina E. Se determinó también el punto de fusión de la grasa dorsal como indicador de aptitud tecnológica para la elaboración de productos fermentados. Con grasa procedente de cada tratamiento se elaboraron salames que fueron evaluados sensorialmente. En los parámetros de calidad de canal evaluados no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El acceso a pasturas determinó un incremento en el contenido de ácido linolénico y una mejora de la relación n6/n3 en la grasa subcutánea. No hubo diferencias significativas en el punto de fusión de la grasa. Las muestras de salame resultaron ser distintas, con un nivel de confianza del 95 % para los atributos textura e intención de compra.

  12. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs/whatever

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chanowitz, M.S.

    1990-01-01

    In these two lectures the author discusses electroweak symmetry breaking from a general perspective, stressing properties that are model independent and follow just from the assumption that the electroweak interactions are described by a spontaneously broken gauge theory. This means he assumes the Higgs mechanism though not necessarily the existence of Higgs bosons. The first lecture presents the general framework of a spontaneously broken gauge theory: (1) the Higgs mechanism sui generis, with or without Higgs boson(s) and (2) the implications of symmetry and unitarity for the mass scale and interaction strength of the new physics that the Higgs mechanism requires. In addition he reviews a softer theoretical argument based on the naturalness problem which leads to a prejudice against Higgs bosons unless they are supersymmetric. This is a prejudice, not a theorem, and it could be overturned in the future by a clever new idea. In the second lecture he illustrates the general framework by reviewing some specific models: (1) the Weinberg-Salam model of the Higgs sector; (2) the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Weinberg-Salam model; and (3) technicolor as an example of the Higgs mechanism without Higgs bosons. He concludes the second lecture with a discussion of strong WW scattering that must occur if L SB lives above 1 TeV. In particular he describes some of the experimental signals and backgrounds at the SSC. 57 refs., 12 figs

  13. Gauge theory vortices and their role in cosmology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yajnik, U.A.

    1986-01-01

    The Nielsen-Olesen model of strings is generalized to theories with spontaneously broken nonabelian gauge groups. Two new phenomena not possible in the abelian case are pointed out. One is that some of the symmetry generators of the original group may not have a global meaning. This can also happen for the generators of the unbroken subgroup. Another phenomenon is that the entire group of symmetries may not get restored in the core of the vortex. The vortices occurring in a realistic SO(10) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) are discussed in detail. The above mentioned phenomena are exemplified. The Weinberg-Salam symmetry generators are shown to be globally undefinable in some of the vortex sectors. The ansatz for a sector in which a scalar field is nonvanishing in the core of the Vortex is constructed. The subgroup of symmetries remaining unbroken in the core is determined. Fermionic zero-modes are found to occur in some of the vortex sectors of the SO(10) GUT model. The induced fermionic charge is computed using the accepted interpretation, and it is found to change from half integral during the Weinberg-Salam phase transition. It is argued that in this realistic example, an integral spectrum for the fermion number is intuitively more appealing. In the last chapter it is shown that strings could have played the important role of inducing a phase transition in the early universe. Their behavior is analogous to that of seeds in a supercooled medium

  14. Implante Autólogo Ovariano no Omento Maior: Estudo Experimental Ovarian Autotransplantation to the Greater Omentum: Experimental Model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Ronaldo Alberti

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: avaliar os aspectos morfofuncionais de ovários implantados no omento maior, bem como a melhor técnica para implantação do ovário: se íntegro ou fatiado. Métodos: foram divididas aleatoriamente 40 ratas Wistar com ciclos estrais normais em quatro grupos: Grupo I (n = 5, controle - laparotomia; Grupo II (n = 5, ooforectomia total bilateral; Grupo III (n = 15, implante autólogo íntegro no omento maior e Grupo IV (n = 15, implante autólogo fatiado no omento maior. Realizaram-se esfregaços vaginais nos 3º e 6º mes pós-operatório e estudos histológicos dos implantes ovarianos, avaliando-se: degeneração, fibrose, reação inflamatória, angiogênese, cistos foliculares, desenvolvimento folicular e corpos lúteos. Resultados: os animais do Grupo I ciclaram normalmente. As ratas do Grupo II não apresentaram ciclo, permanecendo em diestro. No Grupo III, 11 ratas permaneceram em diestro, três apresentaram ciclos incompletos e apenas uma ciclou normalmente. No Grupo IV, três animais não ciclaram, oito tiveram esfregaços vaginais incompletos e quatro ciclaram normalmente. Os achados histológicos dos animais pertencentes ao Grupo III evidenciaram histoarquitetura normal em dez ratas, porém nas outras cinco, houve degeneração ovariana. No Grupo IV, 14 ratas tiveram ovários com histoarquitetura preservada e em apenas uma houve sinais de degeneração. Conclusões: o implante autólogo ovariano no omento maior foi viável, obtendo-se melhor preservação morfofuncional com a implantação de fatias.Purpose: in order to maintain the gonadal function after oophorectomy, morphofunctional aspects of ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum and the best kind of implantation, intact or sliced, were investigated. Methods: forty cycling female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (n = 5, control - laparotomy; Group II (n = 5, bilateral oophorectomy; Group III (n = 10, intact ovarian

  15. Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Penerapan Akad As-Salam dalam Transaksi E-Commerce

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ashabul Fadhli

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The rapid development of technology have been showing new dimension for transaction activity. The early of transaction activity with traditional method. Now day, it can be done by networking fast, is so called with internet (e-commerce. In the practice, e-commerce transaction involving some parties which niet found in the traditional method. As well as on the shape, process up to end of transaction. As an approval that emerged from agreement, akad have legal consequence that given the right and the other side requires the obligation to the parties that form a binding contract to one anether. Therefore, akad was essential to the acceptance or rejection of legal act.

  16. Rare kaon decays at LAMPF II

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanford, T.W.L.

    1982-06-01

    At LAMPF II, intense beams of kaons will be available that will enable the rare kaon-decay processes to be investigated. This note explores some of the possibilities, which divide into two classes: (1) those that test the standard model of Weinberg and Salam and (2) those that are sensitive to new interactions. For both classes, experiments have been limited not by systematic errors but rather by statistical ones. LAMPF II with its intense flux of kaons thus will enable the frontier of rare kaon decay to be realistically probed

  17. Nuclei, hadrons, and elementary particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bopp, F.W.

    1989-01-01

    This book is a short introduction to the physics of the nuclei, hadrons, and elementary particles for students of physics. Important facts and model imaginations on the structure, the decay, and the scattering of nuclei, the 'zoology' of the hadrons and basic facts of hadronic scattering processes, a short introduction to quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics and the most important processes of lepton and parton physics, as well as the current-current approach of weak interactions and the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory are presented. (orig.) With 153 figs., 10 tabs [de

  18. Workshop on nuclear structure and decay data: Theory and evaluation manual - Pt. 2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nichols, A.L.; McLaughlin, P.K.; p.mclaughlin@iaea.org

    2004-11-01

    A two-week Workshop on Nuclear Structure and Decay Data: Theory and Evaluation was organized and administrated by the IAEA Nuclear Data Section, and hosted at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy from 17 to 28 November 2003. The aims and contents of this workshop are summarized, along with the agenda, list of participants, comments and recommendations. Workshop materials are also included that are freely available on CD-ROM (all relevant PowerPoint presentations and manuals along with appropriate computer codes). (author)

  19. Trace and essential elements determination in baby formulas milk by INAA and k0-INAA techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lylia Hamidatou; Hocine Slamene; Tarik Akhal; Alaa Boulegane

    2014-01-01

    As a part of the food analysis program executed at Es-Salam research reactor by neutron activation analysis laboratory, the concentration of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Fe, K, La, Rb and Zn in baby formulas milk have been determined by using INAA and k 0 -NAA techniques. It was found that the concentration of all elements obtained by both techniques was relatively identical for the three brands of the 0-6 and 6-12 months of analyzed samples. In addition, the analytical results have been compared with those given by producers. (author)

  20. Upper bound on the cutoff in lattice electroweak theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Veselov, A.I.; Zubkov, M.A.

    2008-01-01

    We investigate numerically lattice Weinberg-Salam model without fermions for realistic values of the fine structure constant and the Weinberg angle. We also analyze the data of the previous numerical investigations of lattice Electroweak theory. We have found that moving along the line of constant physics when the lattice spacing a is decreased, one should leave the physical Higgs phase of the theory at a certain value of a. Our estimate of the minimal value of the lattice spacing is a c = [430 ± 40 GeV] -1 .

  1. INTRODUCTION A L'UNIFICATION DES INTERACTIONS ELECTROMAGNETIQUES ET FAIBLES

    OpenAIRE

    Martin , F.

    1980-01-01

    Après avoir décrit l'état actuel de la phénoménologie des interactions faibles on discute les principes de base des théories de jauge. On montre ensuite comment le mécanisme de Higgs permet d'obtenir des quanta d'interaction massifs. Le modèle dit de "Weinberg-Salam" permettant d'unifier les interactions électromagnétiques et faibles est présenté. On termine par quelques mots sur l'unification avec les interactions fortes et la gravitation.

  2. Dynamical Symmetry Breaking of Extended Gauge Symmetries

    OpenAIRE

    Appelquist, Thomas; Shrock, Robert

    2003-01-01

    We construct asymptotically free gauge theories exhibiting dynamical breaking of the left-right, strong-electroweak gauge group $G_{LR} = {\\rm SU}(3)_c \\times {\\rm SU}(2)_L \\times {\\rm SU}(2)_R \\times {\\rm U}(1)_{B-L}$, and its extension to the Pati-Salam gauge group $G_{422}={\\rm SU}(4)_{PS} \\times {\\rm SU}(2)_L \\times {\\rm SU}(2)_R$. The models incorporate technicolor for electroweak breaking, and extended technicolor for the breaking of $G_{LR}$ and $G_{422}$ and the generation of fermion ...

  3. Proceedings of the IRI task force activity 2000

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radicella, Sandro M.

    2001-05-01

    This internal report of the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) contains presentations delivered during the International Reference Ionosphere Task Force Activity 2000 which took place at the Abdus Salam ICTP during July 2000. The 2000 Task Force Activity is the seventh successful encounter of specialists organized by the URSI-COSPAR IRI Working Group and the Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory of the ICTP of Trieste, Italy. The main topic of this task force activity was the modeling of the topside ionosphere and the development of strategies for modeling of ionospheric variability

  4. Fusion Plasma Modelling Using Atomic and Molecular Data. Summary report of a Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Braams, B.J.

    2012-03-01

    The Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Fusion Plasma Modelling using Atomic and Molecular Data was held from 23-27 January 2012 at Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy. Ten lecturers presented tutorials and reviews on topics in fusion plasma modelling and atomic, molecular and plasma-material interaction processes. There were 20 participants, generally early-career researchers in the area of A+M+PMI processes and also plasma modellers. The participants presented their work in short talks and a poster session. The proceedings of the workshop are summarized here. (author)

  5. Workshop on nuclear structure and decay data: Theory and evaluation manual - Pt. 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nichols, A.L.; McLaughlin, P.K.; p.mclaughlin@iaea.org

    2004-11-01

    A two-week Workshop on Nuclear Structure and Decay Data: Theory and Evaluation was organized and administrated by the IAEA Nuclear Data Section, and hosted at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy from 17 to 28 November 2003. The aims and contents of this workshop are summarized, along with the agenda, list of participants, comments and recommendations. Workshop materials are also included that are freely available on CD-ROM (all relevant PowerPoint presentations and manuals along with appropriate computer codes). (author)

  6. A precise determination of the electroweak mixing angle from semileptonic neutrino scattering

    CERN Document Server

    Lanceri, Livio

    1987-01-01

    After the discovery of the weak neutral current,' great efforts were undertaken to test the prediction of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model that stated that the coupling in all neutral current phenomena depends on one single parameter, $sin^{2}\\Theta_{w}$. Indeed, a unique value of this parameter can explain the couplings measured in many different processes, including leptonic and semileptonic neutrino scattering, asymmetries in electron-nucleon, electron-positron, and muon interactions, parity violating effects in atomic transitions, and the masses of the W and z bosons. $^{2}$

  7. Reliability of radioactive waste packages in ground repositories; Confiabilidade de embalados de rejeitos radioativos em repositorios proximos a superficie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aguiar, Lais A.; Melo, P.F. Frutuoso e [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia. Programa de Engenharia Nuclear]. E-mail: lais@con.ufrj.br; frutuoso@con.ufrj.br; Passos, Erivaldo; Alves, Antonio Sergio [ELETROBRAS Termonuclear S.A. (ELETRONUCLEAR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Seguranca Nuclear]. E-mail: epassos@eletronuclear.gov.br; asergi@eletronuclear.gov.br

    2005-07-01

    This work aims to discuss the reliability of a great amount of radioactive packages containing low and medium activity material, due to the significance of these latter in the whole safe performance of a final disposal facility (repository). The package is an engineering barrier designed to retain the radioactive material during long time periods. The discussion is based on the use of a probability distribution allowing the best representation of the failure times of the packages, since this type of information is unavailable. Here, the model uses the exponential, normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions published data and existing, related designs in order to obtain estimated values for the reliability function. The study was developed for a radioactive package system by considering the retaining capacity of the solid matrix plus the metallic container. The results indicate that these packages, as a whole, are not enough to perform the safe retaining of the radioactive material for the envisaged time period. The conclusions of the study lead to the necessary use of a system of multiple engineering barriers for the safe containing of the radioactive material. (author)

  8. Desenvolvimento e avaliação da eficácia de filmes biodegradáveis de amido de mandioca com nanocelulose como reforço e com extrato de erva-mate como aditivo antioxidante Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of biodegradable films of cassava starch with nanocelulose as reinforcement and yerba mate extract as an additive antioxidant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver uma embalagem biodegradável utilizando como matriz polimérica o amido de mandioca plastificada com glicerol e reforçada com a incorporação de nanocelulose da fibra de coco, bem como, avaliar o efeito da adição de um aditivo natural (erva-mate nas formulações de nanobiocompósitos com ação antioxidante. Os nanocristais de celulose (L/D=39 foram obtidos por hidrólise ácida com H2SO4 a 65%. Os filmes foram preparados por casting contendo 4,5 e 6,0% de amido, 0,5 e 1,5% de glicerol, 0,3% de nanocelulose e 20% de extrato de erva-mate. O armazenamento do azeite de dendê embalado com os filmes contendo o aditivo foi monitorado por 40 dias sob condições de oxidação acelerada (63%UR/30°C. Constatou-se que, à medida que aumentam as perdas de Polifenóis Totais nos filmes, ocorre um menor aumento do Índice de Peróxidos do produto embalado, demonstrando, assim, que, ao invés do produto, os compostos da embalagem é quem estão sofrendo oxidação. A incorporação de extrato de erva-mate não alterou as propriedades mecânicas e de barreira desses filmes.The objective was to develop biodegradable packaging using a polymer matrix as the cassava starch plasticized with glycerol and reinforced with the incorporation of nanocelulose of coconut fiber, as well as to evaluate the effect of the addition of an additive nature (yerba mate in nanobiocompósitos formulations with antioxidant action. The nanocrystal cellulose (L/D=39 were obtained by acid hydrolysis with 65% H2SO4. The films were prepared by casting containing 4.5 and 6.0% starch, 0.5 and 1.5% glycerol, 0.3% nanocelulose and 20% extract of yerba mate. The palm oil storage packed with films containing the additive was monitored for 40 days under conditions of accelerated oxidation (63%UR/30°C. It was found that as the losses increase polyphenol films, there is a smaller increase of the peroxide value of the packaged product, thus

  9. Atoms for peace awards

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1968-01-01

    In making their annual selection for 1968 the Atoms for Peace Award Trust has paid signal tribute to the Agency. Each of the three recipients has for many years contributed to its work. Sigvard Eklund, Abdus Salam and Henry DeWolf Smyth received their gold medallion and $30 000 honorarium at a ceremony in New York on 14 October this year. All of them have achieved high distinction in science, but their greatest efforts have been to make the world aware of the benefits to be gained from using nuclear knowledge for peace, health and prosperity. (author)

  10. Collider physics for the late 1980's

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinchliffe, I.

    1987-01-01

    Topics in the Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions and how these topics are relevant for the high energy colliders are discussed. Radiative corrections in the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model are discussed, stressing how these corrections may be measured at LEP and the SLC. CP violation is discussed, followed by a discussion of the Higgs boson and the searches which can be carried out for it. Some features of quantum chromodynamics are discussed which are relevant to hadron colliders. Some of the problems which the Standard Model does not solve are discussed. 115 refs., 53 figs

  11. Stable Asymptotically Free Extensions (SAFEs) of the Standard Model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holdom, Bob; Ren, Jing; Zhang, Chen

    2015-01-01

    We consider possible extensions of the standard model that are not only completely asymptotically free, but are such that the UV fixed point is completely UV attractive. All couplings flow towards a set of fixed ratios in the UV. Motivated by low scale unification, semi-simple gauge groups with elementary scalars in various representations are explored. The simplest model is a version of the Pati-Salam model. The Higgs boson is truly elementary but dynamical symmetry breaking from strong interactions may be needed at the unification scale. A hierarchy problem, much reduced from grand unified theories, is still in need of a solution.

  12. The Standard Model is Natural as Magnetic Gauge Theory

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sannino, Francesco

    2011-01-01

    matter. The absence of scalars in the electric theory indicates that the associated magnetic theory is free from quadratic divergences. Our novel solution to the Standard Model hierarchy problem leads also to a new insight on the mystery of the observed number of fundamental fermion generations......We suggest that the Standard Model can be viewed as the magnetic dual of a gauge theory featuring only fermionic matter content. We show this by first introducing a Pati-Salam like extension of the Standard Model and then relating it to a possible dual electric theory featuring only fermionic...

  13. Experimental status of unified theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bilen'kij, S.M.

    1979-01-01

    A standard SU(2)xU(1) theory is discussed. It is based on an assumption that the left components of fields form doublets, and the rignt ones - singlets. From the weak interaction lagrangian an expression is obtained for the effective hamiltonian describing neutrino-lepton processes. The results of discussing the experimental status of the unified theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions are in agreement with the simplest version of the unified theories - the Weinberg-Salam theory. It has been noted that the accuracy of the experiments (not exceeding 20%) is insufficient and no information is available on diagonal terms of the hamiltonian

  14. Elementary particles and particle interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bethge, K.; Schroeder, U.E.

    1986-01-01

    This book is a textbook for an introductory course of elementary particle physics. After a general introduction the symmetry principles governing the interactions of elementary particles are discussed. Then the phenomenology of the electroweak and strong interactions are described together with a short introduction to the Weinberg-Salam theory respectively to quantum chromodynamics. Finally a short outlook is given to grand unification with special regards to SU(5) and cosmology in the framework of the current understanding of the fundamental principles of nature. In the appendix is a table of particle properties and physical constants. (HSI) [de

  15. Accelerator driven systems for energy production and waste incineration: Physics, design and related nuclear data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herman, M.; Stanculescu, A.; Paver, N.

    2003-01-01

    This volume contains the notes of lectures given at the workshops 'Hybrid Nuclear Systems for Energy Production, Utilisation of Actinides and Transmutation of Long-lived Radioactive Waste' and 'Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Accelerator Driven Waste Incineration', held at the Abdus Salam ICTP in September 2001. The subject of the first workshop was focused on the so-called Accelerator Driven Systems, and covered the most important physics and technological aspects of this innovative field. The second workshop was devoted to an exhaustive survey on the acquisition, evaluation, retrieval and validation of the nuclear data relevant to the design of Accelerator Driven Systems

  16. Parity violating NN forcES in the quark compound bag model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simonov, Yu.A.

    1982-01-01

    Parity violation (PV) in the interaction is considered as due to the Weinberg-Salam quark-quark interaction inside the six-quark bag. The initial and final strong interaction is described within the same quark compound bag (QCB) model, where the NN coupling to the six quark QCB is defined from the NN experimental data. The resulting PV amplitude contains no free parameters and allows therefore an unambiguous test of the QCB model. An estimate of the 1 S 0 → 3 P 0 contribution to the proton-proton asymmetry is in a rough agreement with experimental data [ru

  17. Elemental analysis of traditional medicinal seeds by instrumental neutron activation analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khaled, S.; Mouzai, M.; Ararem, A.; Hamidatou, L.; Zouranen, B.

    2009-01-01

    Traditional medicinal seeds prescribed for specific treatment purposes, were purchased from local markets and analyzed by INAA. The samples were irradiated at Es-Salam research reactor, at a power of 5 MWfor 6 h. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing reference materials. Twenty elements were measured, with good accuracy and reproducibility. The concentration of elements determined, was found to vary depending on the seeds. The daily intake of essential and toxic elements was determined, and compared with the recommended values. The probable cumulative intake of toxic elements is well below the tolerance limits. (author)

  18. Measurement of the cross section for the process ν/sub μ/ + e- → ν/sub μ/ + e- at high energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baltay, C.; Caroumbalis, D.; French, H.

    1978-01-01

    There were 11 events of the reaction ν/sub μ/ + e - → ν/sub μ/ + e - observed in a sample of 106,000 charged current neutrino interactions in a heavy neon--hydrogen mixture in the 15 ft. bubble chamber at Fermilab. A cross section was obtained for this process of (1.8 +- 0.8) x 10 -42 E/sub ν/ cm -2 , where E/sub ν/ is the incident neutrino energy in units of GeV. This result is in good agreement with the prediction of the Weinberg--Salam model with sin 2 theta/sub w/ = 0.2. 10 references

  19. The Early Universe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fowler, William

    It is a great honor to have been invited to deliver the Fourth B.M. Birla Memorial Lecture following in the footsteps of Fred Hoyle, Philip Morrison and Abdus Salam. I must express my gratitude to Dr. B.G. Sidharth, Director of the Birla Science Centre, for all he has done to make the arrangements for the travel here and the stay here of my wife and myself so pleasant and so comfortable. Finally we are most grateful to Mr. and Mrs. G.P. Birla for their gracious hospitality at their home and its beautiful gardens here in Hyderabad.

  20. Experimental results on one-pion neutral current reaction in all channels induced by antineutrinos at CERN PS

    CERN Document Server

    Erriquez, O; Bullock, F W; Cavalli, D; Engel, J P; Fogli-Muciaccia, M T; Gamba, D; Guyonnet, J L; Halsteinslid, A; Henderson, R C W; Huss, D; Jones, T W; Marzari-Chiesa, A; Myklebost, K; Natali, S; Nuzzo, S; Paty, M; Pullia, A; Riccati, L; Riester, J L; Rognebakke, A; Rollier, M; Romero, A

    1980-01-01

    Single pion production, in antineutrino-nucleon interactions via the neutral current, has been studied in the bubble chamber Gargamelle, filled with propane. Complete analysis of the secondaries, including pi /sup 0/'s, has allowed a detailed study of all channels. After background and nuclear corrections, results are obtained which can be interpreted in terms of isospin structure of the neutral weak current and of the Salam-Weinberg angle. Agreement is found with the currently accepted value of sin/sup 2/ theta /sub w/ and the data suggest an important contribution of I=/sup 3///sub 2/ final states. (11 refs).

  1. Cross sections for neutrino and antineutrino neutral current interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bosetti, P.C.; Deden, H.; Deutschmann, M.; Fritze, P.; Graessler, H.; Hasert, F.J.; Morfin, J.; Schulte, R.; Schultze, K.; Seyfert, H.; Banerjee, S.; Barnham, K.W.J.; Beuselinck, R.; Butterworth, I.; Clayton, E.F.; Miller, D.B.; Powell, K.J.; Davis, C.L.; Grossman, P.; McGow, R.; Mulvey, J.H.; Myatt, G.; Perkins, D.H.; Pons, R.; Radojicic, O.; Renton, P.; Saitta, B.; Stenger, V.

    1978-01-01

    The cross sections for γ and anti γ neutral current interactions for which the hadron energy is > 15 GeV have been measured. These results, and the ratios of neutral current to charged current sections, are in agreement with the Weinberg-Salam model. Values of sin 2 thetasub(w) have been obtained both with and without the use of a parametrisation for the hadronic part of the interaction; the values are in good agreement with each other and the preferred result, that obtained by the method independent of hadronic models, is sin 2 thetasub(w) = 0.22 +- 0.05. (Auth.)

  2. Summing pomeron loops in the dipole approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, E.; Miller, J.; Prygarin, A.

    2008-01-01

    In this paper, we argue that in the kinematic range given by 1 S 2 ) S Y S ) , we can reduce the pomeron calculus to the exchange of non-interacting pomerons, with the renormalised amplitude of their interaction with the target. Therefore, the summation of the pomeron loops can be performed using the improved Mueller, Patel, Salam and Iancu approximation, and this leads to the geometrical scaling solution. This solution, is found for the simplified BFKL kernel. We reproduce the findings of Hatta and Mueller, that there are overlapping singularities. We suggest a way of dealing with these singularities

  3. Pomeron calculus in zero transverse dimensions: Summation of pomeron loops and generating functional for multiparticle production processes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, E.; Prygarin, A.

    2008-01-01

    In this paper we address two problems in pomeron calculus in zero transverse dimensions: the summation of the pomeron loops and the calculation of the processes of multiparticle generation. We introduce a new generating functional for these processes and obtain the evolution equation for it. We argue that in the kinematic range given by 1 2 ) S Y S ), we can reduce the pomeron calculus to the exchange of non-interacting pomerons with the renormalized amplitude of their interaction with the target. Therefore, the summation of the pomeron loops can be performed using the Mueller-Patel-Salam-Iancu approximation. (orig.)

  4. Accelerator driven systems for energy production and waste incineration: Physics, design and related nuclear data

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Herman, M; Stanculescu, A [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Paver, N [University of Trieste and INFN, Trieste (Italy)

    2003-06-15

    This volume contains the notes of lectures given at the workshops 'Hybrid Nuclear Systems for Energy Production, Utilisation of Actinides and Transmutation of Long-lived Radioactive Waste' and 'Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Accelerator Driven Waste Incineration', held at the Abdus Salam ICTP in September 2001. The subject of the first workshop was focused on the so-called Accelerator Driven Systems, and covered the most important physics and technological aspects of this innovative field. The second workshop was devoted to an exhaustive survey on the acquisition, evaluation, retrieval and validation of the nuclear data relevant to the design of Accelerator Driven Systems.

  5. Topology of high-dimensional manifolds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farrell, F T [State University of New York, Binghamton (United States); Goettshe, L [Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste (Italy); Lueck, W [Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Muenster (Germany)

    2002-08-15

    The School on High-Dimensional Manifold Topology took place at the Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste from 21 May 2001 to 8 June 2001. The focus of the school was on the classification of manifolds and related aspects of K-theory, geometry, and operator theory. The topics covered included: surgery theory, algebraic K- and L-theory, controlled topology, homology manifolds, exotic aspherical manifolds, homeomorphism and diffeomorphism groups, and scalar curvature. The school consisted of 2 weeks of lecture courses and one week of conference. Thwo-part lecture notes volume contains the notes of most of the lecture courses.

  6. Early universe cosmology. In supersymmetric extensions of the standard model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baumann, Jochen Peter

    2012-01-01

    In this thesis we investigate possible connections between cosmological inflation and leptogenesis on the one side and particle physics on the other side. We work in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. A key role is played by the right-handed sneutrino, the superpartner of the right-handed neutrino involved in the type I seesaw mechanism. We study a combined model of inflation and non-thermal leptogenesis that is a simple extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with conserved R-parity, where we add three right-handed neutrino super fields. The inflaton direction is given by the imaginary components of the corresponding scalar component fields, which are protected from the supergravity (SUGRA) η-problem by a shift symmetry in the Kaehler potential. We discuss the model first in a globally supersymmetric (SUSY) and then in a supergravity context and compute the inflationary predictions of the model. We also study reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis in this model. A numerical simulation shows that shortly after the waterfall phase transition that ends inflation, the universe is dominated by right-handed sneutrinos and their out-of-equilibrium decay can produce the desired matter-antimatter asymmetry. Using a simplified time-averaged description, we derive analytical expressions for the model predictions. Combining the results from inflation and leptogenesis allows us to constrain the allowed parameter space from two different directions, with implications for low energy neutrino physics. As a second thread of investigation, we discuss a generalisation of the inflationary model discussed above to include gauge non-singlet fields as inflatons. This is motivated by the fact that in left-right symmetric, supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), like SUSY Pati-Salam unification or SUSY SO(10) GUTs, the righthanded (s)neutrino is an indispensable ingredient and does not have to be put in by hand as in the MSSM. We discuss the

  7. Early universe cosmology. In supersymmetric extensions of the standard model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baumann, Jochen Peter

    2012-03-19

    In this thesis we investigate possible connections between cosmological inflation and leptogenesis on the one side and particle physics on the other side. We work in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. A key role is played by the right-handed sneutrino, the superpartner of the right-handed neutrino involved in the type I seesaw mechanism. We study a combined model of inflation and non-thermal leptogenesis that is a simple extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with conserved R-parity, where we add three right-handed neutrino super fields. The inflaton direction is given by the imaginary components of the corresponding scalar component fields, which are protected from the supergravity (SUGRA) {eta}-problem by a shift symmetry in the Kaehler potential. We discuss the model first in a globally supersymmetric (SUSY) and then in a supergravity context and compute the inflationary predictions of the model. We also study reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis in this model. A numerical simulation shows that shortly after the waterfall phase transition that ends inflation, the universe is dominated by right-handed sneutrinos and their out-of-equilibrium decay can produce the desired matter-antimatter asymmetry. Using a simplified time-averaged description, we derive analytical expressions for the model predictions. Combining the results from inflation and leptogenesis allows us to constrain the allowed parameter space from two different directions, with implications for low energy neutrino physics. As a second thread of investigation, we discuss a generalisation of the inflationary model discussed above to include gauge non-singlet fields as inflatons. This is motivated by the fact that in left-right symmetric, supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), like SUSY Pati-Salam unification or SUSY SO(10) GUTs, the righthanded (s)neutrino is an indispensable ingredient and does not have to be put in by hand as in the MSSM. We discuss

  8. Conformal symmetry and the Higgs effect in the Einstein-Weinberg-Salam unified theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pervushin, V.N.; Smirichinski, V.I.; Pawlowski, M.M.

    1997-11-01

    We consider the unification of the Einstein theory of gravity with a conformal invariant version of the standard model for electroweak interaction without the Higgs potential. In this theory, the evolution of the Universe and the elementary particle masses have one and the same cosmological origin. In the flat space limit, we get the σ-model version of the standard model. The cosmological consequences of such a unification are studied. The red shift formula and Hubble law are obtained under the conventional Friedmann assumption of homogeneous matter distribution. We show that the considered theory leads to a very small vacuum density of the Higgs field ρ Cosmic φ = 10 -34 ρ cr in contrast with the theory with the Higgs potential ρ Higgs φ =0 54 ρ cr . (author)

  9. Conservação pós-colheita de guavira (Campomanesia adamantium Camb. sob diferentes revestimentos e temperaturas de armazenamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de guavira (Campomanesia adamantium Camb. em diferentes revestimentos e temperaturas de armazenamento. Os frutos receberam os seguintes tratamentos: imersão em 1 carboxi metilcelulose a 1% (m/v (CMC; 2 pectina a 3%; 3 pectina + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (m/v, e 4 sem tratamento (ST, todos embalados em polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD e armazenados por 0; 7; 14 e 21 dias em câmara B.O.D., nas temperaturas de 5; 10 e 15 ºC. A menor perda de massa e acidez titulável foram observadas a 5 ºC e na cobertura pectina + cálcio. O pH não variou entre as coberturas e manteve-se maior a 5 ºC. O teor de vitamina C foi maior sob efeito do revestimento de pectina + cálcio, com valores semelhantes aos iniciais a 5 °C e 10 ºC. Concluiu-se que as guaviras podem ser armazenadas por até 21 dias em temperatura de 5 ºC, revestidas com pectina + cálcio a 3%.

  10. Dynamical breakdown of the electroweak gauge symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khosek, I.

    1983-01-01

    Fermion and gauge boson masses are calculated dynamically in the higgs-less Galshow-Weinberg-Salam model supplemented with a heavy neutral vector boson C. Fermion masses are determined by C-hypercharges of the left- and right-handed fermion fields. The W and Z-boson masses are related to the ferion masses and to the calculated fermion-would-be-Goldstone boson coupling constants by sum rules. Small deviation from the canonical relation msub(W)sup(2)/msub(Z)sup(2)cossup(2)thetasub(W)=1 is predicted. Fermion mixing is briefly discussed. Its necessary consequence is that the physical neutral current coupled to the C boson is nonuniversal and flavour changing

  11. The anisotropic space-time: a possible arena of subnuclear phenomena

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Preparata, G.

    1983-01-01

    The author regards the present understanding of high energy physics as not completely satisfactory for two main reasons: a) There is no real description and/or explanation of the bizarre phenomenon of quark confinement, that is at the basis of 'hadronic' behaviour; b) if quark-lepton unification is a viable possibility, as suggested by the successes of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory, no demarcating notion is available to distinguish the radically different dynamics of the quark and lepton systems. The author endeavours to show that both difficulties are handsomely overtaken if we are willing to go beyond the physical universe that Albert Einstein has revealed to us. (Auth.)

  12. The standard model and colliders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinchliffe, I.

    1987-03-01

    Some topics in the standard model of strong and electroweak interactions are discussed, as well as how these topics are relevant for the high energy colliders which will become operational in the next few years. The radiative corrections in the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model are discussed, stressing how these corrections may be measured at LEP and the SLC. CP violation is discussed briefly, followed by a discussion of the Higgs boson and the searches which are relevant to hadron colliders are then discussed. Some of the problems which the standard model does not solve are discussed, and the energy ranges accessible to the new colliders are indicated

  13. Electroweak interaction parameters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marciano, W.J.

    1984-01-01

    After a presentation of the experimentally determined parameters of the standard SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) model the author discusses the definition of the Weinberg angle. Then masses and widths of the intermediate vector bosons are considered in the framework of the Weinberg-Salam theory with radiative corrections. Furthermore the radiative decays of these bosons are discussed. Then the relations between the masses of the Higgs boson and the top quark are considered. Thereafter grand unification is briefly discussed with special regards to the SU(5) prediction of some observable parameters. Finally some speculations are made concerning the observation of radiative decays in the UA1 experiments. (HSI)

  14. Spontaneous regulating mechanisms that may have led to the origin of life

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chela Flores, J.

    1992-07-01

    According to Salam condensation may be relevant in biochemistry, as a factor contributing to the homochirality of amino acids. We attempt to show that DNA packaging may be modelled, by interpreting chromatin as a form of soft matter, in which a phase transition has induced chromatin into a condensed mode. In the context of the origin of life we show the relevance of simultaneous discussion of DNA packaging, transcription, and DNA replication. Beyond a certain critical length of the protogenome (RNA), physical properties of inert condensed matter may have given rise to a spontaneous regulating mechanism of certain significance for the evolution of life on Earth. (author). 31 refs, 1 tab

  15. How supersymmetry naturally suppresses Higgs-boson-mediated baryon-number violation in SU/sub c/(4) x SU/sub L/(2) x SU/sub R/(2) and SO(10)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gipson, J.M.; Marshak, R.E.

    1984-01-01

    The supersymmetric versions of the left-right-symmetric SU/sub C/(4) x SU/sub L/(2) x SU/sub R/(2) Pati-Salam theory and the grand unified SO(10) theory are studied. In the minimal versions of these models the requirement of soft or spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, together with renormalizibility, leads to an accidental global U(1) symmetry which leads to baryon-number conservation. A necessary condition for this symmetry to be broken is the existence of fields which are antisymmetric in at least two SU/sub C/(4) indices. The introduction of such fields may allow for observable neutron oscillation

  16. Coherent Baryogenesis

    CERN Document Server

    Garbrecht, B; Schmidt, M G; Garbrecht, Bjorn; Prokopec, Tomislav; Schmidt, Michael G.

    2004-01-01

    We propose a new baryogenesis scenario based on coherent production and mixing of different fermionic species. The mechanism is operative during phase transitions, at which the fermions acquire masses via Yukawa couplings to scalar fields. Baryon production is efficient when the mass matrix is nonadiabatically varying, nonsymmetric and when it violates CP and B-L directly, or some other charges that are eventually converted to B-L. We first consider a toy model, which involves two mixing fermionic species, and then a hybrid inflationary scenario embedded in a supersymmetric Pati-Salam GUT. We show that, quite generically, a baryon excess in accordance with observation can result.

  17. Mineralogical, geochemical and hydrocarbon potential of subsurface Cretaceous shales, Northern Western Desert, Egypt

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.A. Mousa

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Twenty four Cretaceous shale core samples of Gibb Afia-1, Betty-1, Salam-1X and Mersa Matruh-1 wells were mineralogically and geochemically studied using XRD, XRF and Rock Eval Pyrolysis. Kaolinite, smectite and illite are the main clay minerals in addition to rare chlorite, while the non-clay minerals include quartz, calcite, dolomite and rare siderite. The shales were derived through intensive chemical weathering of mafic basement and older sedimentary rocks. These sediments were deposited in a near-shore shallow marine environment with some terrestrial material input. The shales have poor to fair organic content. It is marginally to rarely mature.

  18. Gauge theories of weak interactions with left-right symmetry and the structure of neutral currents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohapatra, R.N.; Sidhu, D.P.

    1977-01-01

    Failure to detect parity-violating effects in atomic transitions by Oxford and Washington groups would appear to rule out the Weinberg-Salam SU(2) x U(1) model as well as any variation of it that respects natural conservation laws for charm and strangeness to order a G/sub F/ (called ''natural'') and obeys quark-lepton symmetry. In this paper, a simple left-right--symmetric model based on the SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ x U(1) group with four and six quark flavors is analyzed and found to accomodate the results of the atomic experiments as well as the other features of neutral-current phenomena

  19. History of electroweak symmetry breaking

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kibble, T W B

    2015-01-01

    In this talk, I recall the history of the development of the unified electroweak theory, incorporating the symmetry-breaking Higgs mechanism, as I saw it from my standpoint as a member of Abdus Salam's group at Imperial College. I start by describing the state of physics in the years after the Second World War, explain how the goal of a unified gauge theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions emerged, the obstacles encountered, in particular the Goldstone theorem, and how they were overcome, followed by a brief account of more recent history, culminating in the historic discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. (paper)

  20. Weak contributions to angular asymmetries in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schiller, H D [Gesamthochschule Siegen (Germany, F.R.). Abt. fuer Physik

    1979-01-01

    We study the energy and polarization dependence of angular asymmetries in e/sup -/e/sup +/ ..-->.. ..gamma.., Z/sup 0/ ..-->.. f anti f (f = lepton or quark). Through the fragmentation of the quarks the corresponding asymmetries are obtained for the jet axis in e/sup -/e/sup +/ ..-->.. ..gamma.., Z/sup 0/ ..-->.. (..sigma..q anti q) ..-->.. 2 jets, and for inclusively produced hadrons h(h = ..pi../sup +/, K/sup +/ and ..pi../sup +/ + K/sup +/) in e/sup -/e/sup +/ ..-->.. ..gamma.., Z/sup 0/ ..-->.. (..sigma..q anti q) ..-->.. (h + X)/sub 2/ jet. In the Weinberg-Salam model these asymmetries come out big enough to show up already at upper PETRA and PEP energies.

  1. PERSEPSI AKUNTAN TENTANG PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP AKUNTANSI SYARIAH DALAM LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nur Anisah

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to determine the perception of accountants on accounting principles of sharia in Islamic financial institutions. This type of research using qualitative methods to survey respondents is an accountant who worked at BMT As-Salam and BMT-Mojoagung Maslahah in Jombang. The results showed that according to the accountant at the two institutions that they work BMT place already apply accounting principles of sharia, the humanist, emancipatory, transcendental and teological although its application is not perfect. Balance and fairness to the owners, managers and users of funds may be a dilemma in operation. Keywords: perception, accountants, accounting principles of sharia, Islamic financial institutions

  2. Statement at Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 6 October 2014, Trieste, Italy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amano, Yukiya

    2014-01-01

    The ICTP was originally part of the Agency. In 1993, administration of the ICTP was transferred to UNESCO. We are still an important contributor to the ICTP budget and we work together in many areas, including training and nuclear knowledge management. This year, for example, our two organisations launched a two-year masters degree course in medical physics, which we developed together. Later today, I look forward to attending the opening of the IAEA X-Ray Fluorescence Beamline at the Elettra laboratory, which has been an IAEA Collaborating Centre since 2005. This important joint project will help to give research groups from developing countries better access to synchrotron radiation technology, which has important applications in human health, food and agriculture and other areas

  3. Quark model calculation of the parity violating NNπ coupling in the Weinberg-Salam model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koerner, J.G.; Kramer, G.; Willrodt, J.

    1978-10-01

    We argue that there are no charged current contributions to the parity violating NNπ coupling except for small contributions from flavour symmetry breaking effects. From the neutral current product only the left-right chiral component contributes which is considerably enhanced due to gluon corrections and due to the lightness of current quark masses. The resulting parity violating NNπ coupling has a definite phase and is 10 times stronger than the value used previously in nuclear physics calculations. (orig.) [de

  4. An introduction to gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iliopoulos, J.

    1976-01-01

    These lecture notes present an introduction to gauge theories: the systematics of Yang-Mills theories, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and Higgs mechanism. The treatment is simple, stressing the general principles rather than detailed calculations. We present the Weinberg-Salam model as an example of a renormalizable theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons, and we show that the extension of these ideas into the hadronic world requires the introduction of charm and colour. Finally, we try to include strong interactions into the scheme, guided by the experimental results of deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering. We derive and solve the Callan-Symanzik equation, and we introduce the concepts of asymptotic freedom and quark confinement. (Author)

  5. Hilltop supernatural inflation and SUSY unified models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kohri, Kazunori; Lim, C.S.; Lin, Chia-Min; Mimura, Yukihiro

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we consider high scale (100TeV) supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking and realize the idea of hilltop supernatural inflation in concrete particle physics models based on flipped-SU(5)and Pati-Salam models in the framework of supersymmetric grand unified theories (SUSY GUTs). The inflaton can be a flat direction including right-handed sneutrino and the waterfall field is a GUT Higgs. The spectral index is n s = 0.96 which fits very well with recent data by PLANCK satellite. There is no both thermal and non-thermal gravitino problems. Non-thermal leptogenesis can be resulted from the decay of right-handed sneutrino which plays (part of) the role of inflaton

  6. Stockholm revisited

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    1985-03-15

    The Nobel Physics Prize for 1984 was shared by Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer of CERN for their decisive contributions to the project which led to the discovery of the W and Z field particles which carry the weak interaction. Five years before, Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg had made the same trip to receive the prize for their crucial roles in piecing together the elegant 'electroweak' gauge theory which unified weak interactions with the electromagnetic force and predicted just where the W and Z particles could be found. In December, the three theorists returned to Stockholm to participate with the 1984 laureates in a specially arranged panel discussion for Stockholm students.

  7. Hilltop supernatural inflation and SUSY unified models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kohri, Kazunori; Lim, C. S.; Lin, Chia-Min; Mimura, Yukihiro

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we consider high scale (100TeV) supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking and realize the idea of hilltop supernatural inflation in concrete particle physics models based on flipped-SU(5)and Pati-Salam models in the framework of supersymmetric grand unified theories (SUSY GUTs). The inflaton can be a flat direction including right-handed sneutrino and the waterfall field is a GUT Higgs. The spectral index is ns = 0.96 which fits very well with recent data by PLANCK satellite. There is no both thermal and non-thermal gravitino problems. Non-thermal leptogenesis can be resulted from the decay of right-handed sneutrino which plays (part of) the role of inflaton.

  8. Hilltop supernatural inflation and SUSY unified models

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kohri, Kazunori [Cosmophysics Group, Theory Center, IPNS KEK, and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801 (Japan); Lim, C.S. [Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Woman' s Christian University, Tokyo, 167-8585 (Japan); Lin, Chia-Min [Department of Physics, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112 (Japan); Mimura, Yukihiro, E-mail: kohri@post.kek.jp, E-mail: lim@lab.twcu.ac.jp, E-mail: lin@chuo-u.ac.jp, E-mail: mimura@hep1.phys.ntu.edu.tw [Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (China)

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we consider high scale (100TeV) supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking and realize the idea of hilltop supernatural inflation in concrete particle physics models based on flipped-SU(5)and Pati-Salam models in the framework of supersymmetric grand unified theories (SUSY GUTs). The inflaton can be a flat direction including right-handed sneutrino and the waterfall field is a GUT Higgs. The spectral index is n{sub s} = 0.96 which fits very well with recent data by PLANCK satellite. There is no both thermal and non-thermal gravitino problems. Non-thermal leptogenesis can be resulted from the decay of right-handed sneutrino which plays (part of) the role of inflaton.

  9. Workshop on nuclear structure and decay data: Theory and evaluation, 2008

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nichols, A.L.; McLaughlin, P.K.

    2008-06-01

    A two-week Workshop on Nuclear Structure and Decay Data under the auspices of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section was organised and held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy from 28 April to 9 May 2008. This workshop constituted a further development of previous Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Workshops held in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006. The aims and contents of the 2008 workshop are summarized, along with the agenda, list of participants, comments and recommendations. All recent workshop material has been assembled in this INDC report, and is also freely available on CD-ROM (all relevant PowerPoint presentations and manuals along with appropriate computer codes). (author)

  10. Gauge theories and monopoles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cabibbo, N.

    1983-01-01

    This chapter attempts to present some of the fundamental geometrical ideas at the basis of gauge theories. Describes Dirac Monopoles and discusses those ideas that are not usually found in more ''utilitarian'' presentations which concentrate on QCD or on the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model. This topic was chosen because of the announcement of the possible detection of a Dirac monopole. The existence of monopoles depends on topological features of gauge theories (i.e., on global properties of field configurations which are unique to gauge theories). Discusses global symmetry-local symmetry; the connection; path dependence and the gauge fields; topology and monopoles; the case of SU(3) x U(1); and the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole

  11. Of towers and ladders: Infinite parameter symmetries in Kaluza-Klein theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aulakh, C.S.

    1984-01-01

    We introduce a class of infinite dimensional algebras with a 'generalized loop structure' by considering the global symmetries of the four-dimensional lagrangian obtained by compactifying general relativity coupled to Yang-Mills in six-dimensions down to M 4 x S 2 . The generalization to arbitrary dimensions is then obvious. We show by explicit construction that such algebras possess an infinite number of finite sub-algebras among which, for the six-dimensional case, is so (1, 3), realized on S 2 with vanishing Casimir invariants. This so (1, 3) may be interpreted, in accordance with a previous conjecture of Salam and Strathdee, as the 'ladder' symmetry for the Kaluza-Klein towers. (orig.)

  12. Neutral current induced reactions in the Gargamelle experiment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Doninck, W. van

    1976-07-01

    In the heavy liquid bubble chamber Gargamelle at CERN, 3 candidates are found for the pure leptonic neutral current process anti upsilonsub(μ)e - → anti upsilon sub(μ)e - . For the inclusive semileptonic reactions upsilon N → μ - X and anti upsilon N → μ + X the ratios of the neutral current to the charged current cross sections are measured to be Rsub(upsilon) = 0.25 +- 0.04 and Rsub(anti upsilon) = 0.56 +- 0.09. These inclusive results differ from the prediction of parity conserving models by more than 3 standard deviations. All three reactions are compatible with the Weinberg-Salam-model and a value of sin 2 THETAsub(ω) near 0.3. (BJ) [de

  13. Study of ν+N→ν+N+π and isospin analysis of the hadronic neutral current

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Longuemare, C.

    1978-04-01

    Experimental results are presented on neutrino induced single pion production in the bubble chamber Gargamelle filled with a light propane-freon mixture and exposed to the CERN PS neutrino beam. After corrections for reinteractions in the target nuclei, the neutrino neutral current cross section and the branching ratios are determined. The isospin structure of the hadronic neutral current is analysed. The conclusions are compatible with the Weinberg-Salam theory for weak and electromagnetic interactions. The isoscalar component of the neutral current is observed at the level of two standard deviations. The charged to neutral current ratio may be intepreted with the one pion production model of Adler in the framework of the above theory [fr

  14. Sphalerons, deformed sphalerons and normal modes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brihaye, Y.; Kunz, J.; Oldenburg Univ.

    1992-01-01

    Topological arguments suggest that tha Weinberg-Salam model posses unstable solutions, sphalerons, representing the top of energy barriers between inequivalent vacua of the gauge theory. In the limit of vanishing Weinberg angle, such unstable solutions are known: the sphaleron of Klinkhamer and Manton and at large values of the Higgs mass in addition the deformed sphalerons. Here a systematic study of the discrete normal modes about these sphalerons for the full range Higgs mass is presented. The emergence of deformed sphalerons at critical values of the Higgs mass is seem to be related to the crossing of zero of the eigenvalue of the particular normal modes about the sphaleron. 6 figs., 1 tab., 19 refs. (author)

  15. Further results on muon-antineutrino-electron scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hasert, F.J.

    1975-01-01

    In a further study of the neutral current interactions muon-antineutrino e - →muon-antineutrino e - , the Gargamelle collaboration analyzed 70% of the photographic film from the Freon neutrino (antineutrino) experiment. Three non-ambiguous events were found, that correspond within a 90% confidence to an upper limit for the cross section below 0.17x10 -41 cm 2 /e - . A 0.46 event background was calculated, and the probability for the three events to be background is lower than 1%. Signal loss corrections were effected in terms of the Salam-Ward-Weinberg model, and an upper limit (sin 2 theta(W) 2 theta(W) are concluded to be 0.1 2 thate(W) [fr

  16. The properties of W-boson condensation induced by fermion density at finite temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perez Rojas, H.; Kalashnikov, O.K.

    1987-01-01

    Bose-Einstein condensation of W bosons induced by fermion density is discussed within models of unified interactions at T ≠ 0. We study in detail the Weinberg-Salam model in wich chemical potentials related to lepton number, electric charge and weak neutral charge are introduced. The one-loop thermodynamic potential is calculated and a set of equations representing the necessary condition for condensation is solved thogether with the corresponding chemical equilibrium conditions. The boundary of the condensate phase is established and estimations for the critical lepton density are given. It is found that for small lepton density W-boson condensation exists only in the finite temperature region, evaporating when T goes to zero. (orig.)

  17. Toward the realistic three-generation model in the (2,0) heterotic string compactification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asatryan, H.M.; Murayama, A.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper, the three generation models with SUSY SO(10) or SU(5) GUTs derived from the (2,0) compactification of E 8 x E' 8 heterotic string, the massless matter field spectra at the GUT scale M X and the breaking directions of GUT symmetries are discussed. A pseudo-left-right symmetric Pati-Salam model is naturally deduced in the SUSY SO(10) GUT and shown to have an interesting property, M x ≅ M P1 , M R ≅ 10 10 GeV and M S ( the scale of superpartner masses) ≅ 10 4 GeV, as a result of the renormalization group equation analysis using the new precise LEP data

  18. Supersymmetric codimension-two branes in six-dimensional gauged supergravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Hyun Min; Papazoglou, Antonios

    2008-01-01

    We consider the six-dimensional Salam-Sezgin supergravity in the presence of codimension-2 branes. In the case that the branes carry only tension, we provide a way to supersymmetrise them by adding appropriate localised Fayet-Iliopoulos terms and modifying accordingly the supersymmetry transformations. The resulting brane action has N = 1 supersymmetry (SUSY). We find the axisymmetric vacua of the system and show that one has unwarped background solutions with 'football'-shaped extra dimensions which always respect N = 1 SUSY, in contrast with the non-supersymmetric brane action background. Finally, we generically find multiple zero modes of the gravitino in this background and discuss how one could obtain a single chiral zero mode present in the low energy spectrum

  19. Does nature like Nambu-Goldstone bosons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gelmini, G.B.; Nussinov, S.

    1982-08-01

    We argue here that many (up to around 30 species) so far undetected Goldstone bosons could exist in nature, for example, associated to the spontaneous breaking of a horizontal global symmetry, provided the breaking scale is V >or approx. 10 10 GeV. Since Goldstone bosons do not generate r - 1 but spin-dependent r - 3 non-relativistic long-range potentials, the apparently most dramatic effect of massless bosons - new long-range forces competing with gravitation and electromagnetism - is easily avoidable (the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam breaking scale is enough). μ→eG and K→πG provide the most restrictive bounds and probably the only possibility to look for Goldstone bosons in laboratory. (author)

  20. Towards exact solutions of the non-linear Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl spinor equation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mielke, E.W.

    1980-03-01

    In ''color geometrodynamics'' fundamental spinor fields are assumed to obey a GL(2f,C) x GL(2c,C) gauge-invariant nonlinear spinor equation of the Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl type. Quark confinement, assimilating a scheme of Salam and Strathdee, is (partially) mediated by the tensor ''gluons'' of strong gravity. This hypothesis is incorporated into the model by considering the nonlinear Dirac equation in a curved space-time of hadronic dimensions. Disregarding internal degrees of freedom, it is then feasible, for a particular background space-time, to obtain exact solutions of the spherical bound-state problem. Finally, these solutions are tentatively interpreted as droplet-type solitons and remarks on their interrelation with Wheeler's geon construction are made. (author)

  1. Towers and ladders: Infinite parameter symmetries in Kaluza-Klein theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aulakh, C.S.

    1984-05-01

    We introduce a class of infinite dimensional algebras with a 'generalized loop structure' by considering the global symmetries of the four dimensional Lagrangian obtained by compactifying general relativity coupled to Yang-Mills in six dimensions down to M 4 xS 2 . The generalization to arbitrary dimensions is then obvious. We show by explicit construction that such algebras possess an infinite number of finite sub-algebras. Among which, for the six dimensional case, is so(1,3) realized on S 2 with vanishing Casimir invariants. This so(1,3) may be interpreted, in accord with a previous conjecture of Salam and Strathdee [Ann. Phys. 141, 316(1982)], as the 'ladder' symmetry for the Kaluza-Klein towers. (author)

  2. Light quarks and the origin of the Δ 1=1/2 rule in the nonleptonic decays of strange particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shifman, M.A.; Vainshtein, A.I.; Zakharov, V.I.

    1975-01-01

    A dynamical mechanism for the Δ I=1/2 rule in the nonleptonic decays of the strange particles is considered. The weak interactions are described within the Weinberg-Salam model while the strong interactions are assumed to be mediated by exchange of an octet of the colour vector gluons. It is shown that the account of the strong interactions gives rise to the new operators in the effective Hamiltonian of weak interactions which contain both left- and right-handed fermions. These operators satisfy the Δ I=1/2 rule and the estimates within the relativistic quark model indicate that their contribution dominates the physical amplitudes of the K → 2π, 3π decays

  3. Stockholm revisited

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1985-01-01

    The Nobel Physics Prize for 1984 was shared by Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer of CERN for their decisive contributions to the project which led to the discovery of the W and Z field particles which carry the weak interaction. Five years before, Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg had made the same trip to receive the prize for their crucial roles in piecing together the elegant 'electroweak' gauge theory which unified weak interactions with the electromagnetic force and predicted just where the W and Z particles could be found. In December, the three theorists returned to Stockholm to participate with the 1984 laureates in a specially arranged panel discussion for Stockholm students

  4. Measurement of the ratios of neutral-current to charged current cross sections of neutrino and antineutrino interactions in Ne

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bosetti, P. C.; Fritze, P.; Grässler, H.; Hasert, F. J.; Schulte, R.; Schultze, K.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Nellen, B.; Pech, R.; Wünsch, B.; Grant, A.; Hulth, P. O.; Klein, H.; Morrison, D. R. O.; Pape, L.; Wachsmuth, H.; Vayaki, A.; Barnham, K. W. J.; Beuselinck, R.; Clayton, E. F.; Miller, D. B.; Mobayyen, M. M.; Petrides, A.; Albajar, C.; Myatt, G.; Saitta, B.; Wells, J.; Bolognese, T.; Vignaud, D.; Aachen-Bonn-CERN-Democritos-Imperial College, London-Oxford-Saclay Collaboration

    1983-05-01

    The ratios of neutral current to charged current cross sections of neutrino and antineutrino interactions in heavy Ne/H 2 mixture have been measured in BEBC. The beam was the CERN SPS 200 GeV/ c narrow band beam. The ratios were obtained using a cut in the transverse momentum of the hadronic system. In the standard Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model, our results correspond to the value of sin 2θw = 0.182 ± 0.020 ± 0.012. By combining this experiment with data from a hydrogen target the coupling constants uL2 and L2 are found to be 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.05, respectively.

  5. Measurement of the ratios of neutral-current to charged current cross sections of neutrino and antineutrino interactions in Ne

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bosetti, P.C.; Fritze, P.; Graessler, H.; Hasert, F.J.; Schulte, R.; Schultze, K.; Vayaki, A.; Barnham, K.W.J.; Beuselinck, R.; Clayton, E.F.; Miller, D.B.; Mobayyen, M.M.; Petrides, A.; Albajar, C.; Myatt, G.; Saitta, B.; Wells, J.

    1983-01-01

    The ratios of neutral current to charged current cross sections of neutrino and antineutrino interactions in heavy Ne/H 2 mixture have been measured in BEBC. The beam was the CERN SPS 200 GeV/c narrow band beam. The ratios were obtained using a cut in the transverse momentum of the hadronic system. In the standard Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model, our results correspond to the value of sin 2 THETAsub(w)=0.182+-0.020+-0.012. By combining this experiment with data from a hydrogen target the coupling constants usub(L) 2 and dsub(L) 2 are found to be 0.15+-0.04 and 0.19+-0.05, respectively. (orig.)

  6. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs/whatever

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chanowitz, M.S.

    1989-01-01

    In the first of these two lectures the Higgs mechanism is reviewed in its most general form, which does not necessarily require the existence of Higgs bosons. The general consequences of the hypothesis that electroweak symmetry breaking is due to the Higgs mechanism are deduced just from gauge invariance and unitarity. In the second lecture the general properties are illustrated with three specific models: the Weinberg-Salam model, its minimal supersymmetric extension, and technicolor. The second lecture concludes with a discussion of the experiment signals for strong WW scattering, whose presence or absence will allow us to determine whether the symmetry breaking sector lies above or below 1 TeV. 57 refs

  7. Genesis of unified models from Majorana-Weyl fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Budini, P.; Furlan, P.

    1977-07-01

    It is proposed that all forms of interaction arise from elementary interactions between Weyl-Majorana fields. Weak interactions due to the high masses of the intermediate bosons are practically identical to the elementary interactions. Strong and electromagnetic interactions arise at larger distance, where dynamic determines both masses and symmetry. In the frame of these ideas, Pati-Salam and Fritzsch-Minkowski type of unified models are constructed starting from eight Weyl-Majorana fields. Fractional charges for quarks, integer charges for lepton and regularization of q.e.d. arise naturally from the model. Unobserved transitions (μ→e + γ, p→ leptons) may be ascribed to properties of the elementary fields (handedness) rather than very high W masses

  8. Validação do processo de esterilização de artigos médico-hospitalares segundo diferentes embalagens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Fátima Paiva Brito

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available A segurança do processamento dos artigos médico-hospitalares, nas instituições de saúde, è uma importa ite medida de controle de infecção hospitalar. Apresente investigação teve como objetivo estabelecer o prazo de validade de artigos médico-hospitalares processados por meio de esterilização por vapor saturado sob pressão, utilizando diferentes tipos de embalagens, em um hospital privado. O procedimento metodológico constou de quatro etapas, a saber: prep sro dos artigos, avaliação do funcionamento do autoclave, ciclo de esterilização e testes microbiológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram crescimento bacteriano nos artigos embalados com papel grau cirúrgico sem filme e com filme a partir do 21º dia, papel crepado no 90º dia e ausência de crescimento utilizando a embalagem de tecido de algodão cru. Frente aos resultados, estabeleceu-se na instituição investigada o prazo de validade de esterilização por vapor saturado sob pressão de 21 dias independente das embalagens utilizadas, avaliando também as condições de armazenamento.

  9. Nutritional value and fatty acid composition of some traditional Argentinean meat sausages Composição nutricional e perfil de ácidos graxos de embutidos tradicionais da Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mara Cristina Romero

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition (moisture, protein, carbohydrates, and total fat of some meat products produced in the northeastern Argentina, analyzing fatty acids composition, polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio PUFA/SFA ratio (polyunsaturated/ saturated fatty acids, n-6/n-3 ratio, and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid content. Thirty traditional meat products produced by different processes were used. The samples were classified into 4 different categories as follows: salamín (dry cured and fermented sausage, chorizos (raw sausage, chorizo ahumado (cooked and smoked sausage, and morcilla (cooked sausage. From the results obtained it can be said that the total carbohydrate contents of the salamín studied were slightly lower; fat content of raw chorizo was significantly lower, and protein content of chorizo ahumado was significantly higher than those comparison from databases from other regions of Argentina, USA, and Spain. Except for chorizo, which has a value lower than 0.4, the PUFA/SFA-stearic ratio of the other products were a little higher than those reported by other researchers. CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid contents between 0.03% and 0.19% were detected. The results obtained indicate that salamín produced in northeastern Argentina, Chaco state, shows high protein and PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents, and low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, which makes it a more healthful product than those of similar composition produced in other countries.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional de alguns produtos de carne elaborados no nordeste da Argentina, a análise da composição dos ácidos graxos, conteúdo de CLA, relações AGPI/AGS e n-6/n-3. Trinta produtos tradicionais de carne a partir de processos diferentes foram utilizados. As amostras foram classificadas em 4 categorias: Salamin (embutido seco e fermentado, chorizo (linguiça, chorizo ahumado (lingui

  10. Scalar boson emission by electrons in the Weinberg-Salam theory under a constant electromagnetic field

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodionov, V.N.; Studenikin, A.I.

    1985-01-01

    Consideration of processes with the assistance of virtual and real Higgs scalar neutral σ-bosons in the presence of a constant external crossed electromagnetic field is conducted. In the second order of the perturbation theory in the Weinberg-Jalam model corresponding contribution into mass lepton operator in this base probability dependence of σ-boson emission and radiation field σ-bosn effects on the crossed field parameter is investigated: x=√(eFsub(μν)psup(ν)sup(2)/msup(3)

  11. Parity violation in inelastic scattering of polarized electrons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prescott, C.Y.

    1978-10-01

    Parity nonconservation was observed in the inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from an unpolarized deuterium target at 19.4 and 22.2 GeV. An asymmetry A = (sigma/sub R/ - sigma/sub L)/(sigma/sub R/ + sigma/sub L/) = (-9.5 +- 1.6) x 10 -5 Q 2 , Q 2 in (GeV/c) 2 was found for values of Q 2 near 1.4. The statistical and systematic errors are each about 9 percent of the measured asymmetry. This result is consistent with predictions from the standard Weinberg--Salam SU(2) x U(1) model. Using the simple quark-parton model of the nucleon, the value sin 2 theta/sub W/ = 0.20 +- 0.03 is obtained. 21 references

  12. Higgs Inflation, Reheating and Gravitino Production in No-Scale Supersymmetric GUTs

    CERN Document Server

    Ellis, John; Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi

    2016-08-30

    We extend our previous study of supersymmetric Higgs inflation in the context of no-scale supergravity and grand unification, to include models based on the flipped SU(5) and the Pati-Salam group. Like the previous SU(5) GUT model, these yield a class of inflation models whose inflation predictions interpolate between those of the quadratic chaotic inflation and Starobinsky-like inflation, while also avoiding tension with proton decay limits. We further analyse the reheating process in these models, and derive the number of $e$-folds, which is independent of the reheating temperature. We derive the corresponding predictions for the scalar tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in cosmic microwave background perturbations, and also discuss gravitino production following inflation.

  13. Bounds on the charmed particles masses from the Ksub(L) → 2μ decay width and Ksub(L)-Ksub(S) mass difference in an asymptotically free theory of strong interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vainshtein, A.I.; Zakharov, V.I.; Novikov, V.A.; Shifman, M.A.

    1975-01-01

    Bounds on the masses of charmed particles are derived from the calculation of the amplitudes of the Ksub(L) → 2μ and Ksub(L)-Ksub(S) transitions within the framework of the Weinberg-Salam model. The strong interactions are assumed to be connected with the color SU(3) group and mediated by octet of massless gluons. The account of strong interactions is shown to have almost no effect on the bound on the masses of charmed particles μsub(c). From the Ksub(L) → 2μ decay rate the upper bound on μsub(c) is μsub(c) (<=) 8 GeV, and from the Ksub(L)-Ksub(S) mass difference the bound is found to be μsub(c) (<=) 2.3 GeV

  14. Parity violation in nuclei: studies of the weak nucleon-nucleon interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mcdonald, A.B.

    1980-03-01

    The Weinberg-Salam Unified Model of weak and electromagnetic interactions has been very successful in explaining parity violation and neutral current effects in neutrino-nucleon, electron-nucleon and neutrino-electron interactions. A wide variety of nuclear physics parity violation experiments are in progress to measure effects of the weak nucleon-nucleon interaction in few nucleon systems and certain heavier nuclei where enhancements are expected. The current status of these experiments will be reviewed, including details of an experiment at Chalk River to search for parity violation in the photodisintegration of deuterium and an extension of our previous measurements of parity mixing in 21 Ne. The interpretation of results in terms of basic models of the weak interaction will be discussed. (Auth)

  15. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, spinors and the standard model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Woit, P.

    1988-01-01

    The quantization of the simplest supersymmetric quantum mechanical theory of a free fermion on a riemannian manifold requires the introduction of a complex structure on the tangent space. In 4 dimensions, the subgroup of the group of frame rotations that preserves the complex structure is SU(2) x U(1), and it is argued that this symmetry can be consistently interpreted to be an internal gauge symmetry for the analytically continued theory in Minkowski space. The states of the theory carry the quantum numbers of a generation of leptons in the Weinberg-Salam model. Examination of the geometry of spinors in four dimensions also provides a natural SU(3) symmetry and very simple construction of a multiplet with the standard model quantum numbers. (orig.)

  16. Baryon and lepton number violation in the electroweak theory at TeV energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mottola, E.

    1990-01-01

    In the standard Weinberg-Salam electroweak theory baryon and lepton number (B and L) are NOT exactly conserved. The nonconservation of B and L can be traced to the existence of parity violation in the electroweak theory, together with the chiral current anomaly. This subtle effect gives negligibly small amplitudes for B and L violation at energies and temperatures significantly smaller than M w sin 2 θ w /α ∼ 10 TeV. However, recent theoretical work shows that the rate for B and L nonconservation is unsuppressed at higher energies. The consequences of this for cosmology and the baryon asymmetry of the universe, as well as the prospects for direct verification at the SSC are discussed. 13 refs., 3 figs

  17. Higgs inflation, reheating and gravitino production in no-scale Supersymmetric GUTs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ellis, John [Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group,Department of Physics, King’s College London,London WC2R 2LS (United Kingdom); Theoretical Physics Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); He, Hong-Jian [Institute of Modern Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084 (China); Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University,Beijing 100871 (China); Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi [Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications andDepartment of Physics, Harvard University,Massachusetts 02138 (United States)

    2016-08-30

    We extend our previous study of supersymmetric Higgs inflation in the context of no-scale supergravity and grand unification, to include models based on the flipped SU(5) and the Pati-Salam group. Like the previous SU(5) GUT model, these yield a class of inflation models whose inflation predictions interpolate between those of the quadratic chaotic inflation and Starobinsky-like inflation, while avoiding tension with proton decay limits. We further analyse the reheating process in these models, and derive the number of e-folds, which is independent of the reheating temperature. We derive the corresponding predictions for the scalar tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in cosmic microwave background perturbations, as well as discussing the gravitino production following inflation.

  18. Parity nonconserving optical rotation in atomic lead

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Emmons, T.P. Jr.

    1984-01-01

    A measurement of parity nonconserving optical rotation has been performed on the 1.28 μm atomic lead magnetic dipole transition. Although the technique used in this measurement was similar to that used in earlier measurements done on the 0.876 μm line in atomic bismuth, important differences exist. These are discussed in detail. Since the accuracy of this measurement is limited by systematic errors, a complete analysis of the data is included with a lengthy discussion of systematic effects. The final value obtained for the optical rotation is given. This agrees with atomic calculations based on the Weinberg-Salam-Galshow model for weak interactions. A discussion of the limits on weak interaction theories placed by all the atomic parity nonconservation experiments appears in the conclusion

  19. Critical Combinations of Higher-Order Terms in Einstein-Maxwell Theory and Compactification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nahomi Kan

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available We discuss the role of a particular combination of higher derivative terms in higher dimensional theories, particularly in the background of spontaneous compactification. Two classes of theories are proposed in this paper. The first model as a generalization of the critical gravity with the Maxwell field could have a de Sitter solution. We consider the Lanczos-Lovelock term and Horndeski term as well as the higher-order Maxwell term for the second model, which contains a possible longer expansion time for the inflationary phase. It is interesting that both models can be regarded as the generalization of the Randjbar-Daemi, Salam and Strathdee (RSS model and give the well behavior for inflation stage under the specific assumptions.

  20. Evaluation of pulp and mortar to pack bitumen radioactive waste; Avaliacao de pastas e argamassas para o embalado de rejeitos radioativos betuminizados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gregorio, Marina da S.; Vieira, Vanessa M.; Tello, Cledola C.O., E-mail: msg@cdtn.br, E-mail: vanessamotavieira@gmail.com, E-mail: tellocc@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

    2013-07-01

    According to international experience, for the deposition of cement in surface repository, is necessary the use of cement mortar pastes to immobilize the product. Determining the most efficient folder or for the packed mortar, as well as its ideal formulation, is the goal of this study. To do various experiments with samples of cement paste and mortar, with presence of fluxing and / or clay were performed. Viscosity, density, setting time and compressive strength were evaluated. This study will be presented only the results found in testing of compressive strength to be an essential parameter in the transport, storage and disposal of the product. From the results found will be selected the best formulations for use in packed bitumen tailings from the National Radioactive Waste Repository.

  1. Conservação pós-colheita de melão Charentais tratado com 1-MCP e armazenado sob refrigeração e atmosfera modificada Postharvest conservation of charentais melons treated with 1-MCP and stored under refrigeration and modified atmosphere

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pahlevi A de Souza

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivando avaliar a vida útil pós-colheita de melão tipo Charentais (Cucumis melo L. sob refrigeração, tratados com 1-MCP e associado ou não a atmosfera modificada (AM, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em laboratório da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza-CE. Os frutos foram provenientes da Agroindústria Nolem Comercial Importadora e Exportadora Ltda, localizada no Agropólo Mossoró Açu-RN. Os frutos foram tratados com 300 e 600 ppb de 1-MCP, em seguida, metade desses frutos foram embalados em filmes plásticos, mantendo-se frutos embalados sem aplicação de 1-MCP nas mesmas condições de armazenamento dos demais. Os melões foram armazenados por 21 dias sendo 14 dias (9±1ºC e 87±5% UR + 7 dias (22±2ºC e 70±5% UR. Em função da aparência externa, a vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos armazenados sob atmosfera modificada, com ou sem tratamento inicial de 1-MCP foi de 21 dias, enquanto que dos frutos tratados inicialmente apenas com 1-MCP foi de 19 dias. A aplicação do 1-MCP proporcionou redução na atividade respiratória e na produção de etileno, e maior retenção da firmeza da polpa, menor perda de massa e melhor aparência externa quando associado a atmosfera modificada. A atmosfera modificada, isoladamente, foi eficiente em reduzir a perda de massa e manter melhor aparência externa.Aiming to evaluate the postharvest shelf life of Charentais melon (Cucumis melo L. stored under refrigeration, the fruits were treated with 1-MCP, associated or not with modified atmosphere (MAP. Two experiments were carried out at the laboratory of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical in Fortaleza, Brazil, analyzing the chemical and physic quality characteristics. The fruits were obtained at the Agroindústria Nolem Comercial Importadora e Exportadora Ltda, located in Mossoró Açu, Brazil. The fruits were treated with 300 and 600 nL L-1 of 1-MCP, half of those were wrapped in plastic films, which were wrapped without the use of 1

  2. Update earthquake risk assessment in Cairo, Egypt

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badawy, Ahmed; Korrat, Ibrahim; El-Hadidy, Mahmoud; Gaber, Hanan

    2017-07-01

    The Cairo earthquake (12 October 1992; m b = 5.8) is still and after 25 years one of the most painful events and is dug into the Egyptians memory. This is not due to the strength of the earthquake but due to the accompanied losses and damages (561 dead; 10,000 injured and 3000 families lost their homes). Nowadays, the most frequent and important question that should rise is "what if this earthquake is repeated today." In this study, we simulate the same size earthquake (12 October 1992) ground motion shaking and the consequent social-economic impacts in terms of losses and damages. Seismic hazard, earthquake catalogs, soil types, demographics, and building inventories were integrated into HAZUS-MH to produce a sound earthquake risk assessment for Cairo including economic and social losses. Generally, the earthquake risk assessment clearly indicates that "the losses and damages may be increased twice or three times" in Cairo compared to the 1992 earthquake. The earthquake risk profile reveals that five districts (Al-Sahel, El Basateen, Dar El-Salam, Gharb, and Madinat Nasr sharq) lie in high seismic risks, and three districts (Manshiyat Naser, El-Waily, and Wassat (center)) are in low seismic risk level. Moreover, the building damage estimations reflect that Gharb is the highest vulnerable district. The analysis shows that the Cairo urban area faces high risk. Deteriorating buildings and infrastructure make the city particularly vulnerable to earthquake risks. For instance, more than 90 % of the estimated buildings damages are concentrated within the most densely populated (El Basateen, Dar El-Salam, Gharb, and Madinat Nasr Gharb) districts. Moreover, about 75 % of casualties are in the same districts. Actually, an earthquake risk assessment for Cairo represents a crucial application of the HAZUS earthquake loss estimation model for risk management. Finally, for mitigation, risk reduction, and to improve the seismic performance of structures and assure life safety

  3. Lattice fermions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Randjbar-Daemi, S

    1995-12-01

    The so-called doubling problem in the lattice description of fermions led to a proof that under certain circumstances chiral gauge theories cannot be defined on the lattice. This is called the no-go theorem. It implies that if {Gamma}/sub/A is defined on a lattice then its infrared limit, which should correspond to the quantum description of the classical action for the slowly varying fields on lattice scale, is inevitably a vector like theory. In particular, if not circumvented, the no-go theorem implies that there is no lattice formulation of the Standard Weinberg-Salam theory or SU(5) GUT, even though the fermions belong to anomaly-free representations of the gauge group. This talk aims to explain one possible attempt at bypassing the no-go theorem. 20 refs.

  4. Innovative assesment of the seismic hazard from Vrancea sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panza, Giuliano Francesco

    2002-01-01

    In the framework of a very fruitful, stimulating and still ongoing collaboration between the National Institute for Earth Physics - Bucharest, the Department of Earth Sciences - University of Trieste and The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics - SAND Group, several innovative steps forwards have been made in the assessment of the seismic hazard generated by Vrancea seismicity. The limits of currently applied probabilistic approaches are partly overcome by the introduction of hazard scenarios based on the deterministic, realistic modeling of ground motion. The ongoing co-operation represents a fundamental contribution to the reliable assessment of seismic hazard, and has been recently enriched by the participation of Bulgarian scientists, who are facing, in the urban settlements close to the Romanian border, a seismic hazard similar to the one in Bucharest. (author)

  5. Gargamelle and the neutral currents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rousset, A.

    1996-06-01

    In order to simplify the description of forces, the physicists want to reduce the number of four interactions to a smaller one. They want to unify them. Einstein tried to unify the electromagnetic interaction and the gravitation interaction but it was probably the most difficult to unify. during the sixties, the American physicists Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg and the Pakistani Abdus Salam ( each rewarded by the Nobel price of 1979) propose to unify the weak and electromagnetic interactions interactions under the form of an only interaction, the electro-weak interaction. To check the validity of this theory exist the demonstration by the weak neutral currents. In 1973, European physicians which analyzed photos taken in the bubble chamber called Gargamelle brought the experimental proof. This book tells the story of this discovery. (N.C.)

  6. Careers and people

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-10-01

    Simulation experts win Dirac Medal Condensed-matter theorists Roberto Car of Princeton University in the US and Michele Parrinello of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) have won the 2009 Dirac Medal for their work on numerical-simulation techniques. The pair began developing new methods of modelling molecular dynamics in the mid-1980s, using elements of density functional theory and Newtonian molecular dynamics to calculate the mechanical motion of atoms and molecules in real time. Now known as the Car-Parrinello method, their technique has become a standard tool in computational physics and chemistry. The award, which is announced each year on 8August, Dirac's birthday, carries a cash prize of 5000 and is sponsored by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.

  7. Lattice fermions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Randjbar-Daemi, S.

    1995-12-01

    The so-called doubling problem in the lattice description of fermions led to a proof that under certain circumstances chiral gauge theories cannot be defined on the lattice. This is called the no-go theorem. It implies that if Γ/sub/A is defined on a lattice then its infrared limit, which should correspond to the quantum description of the classical action for the slowly varying fields on lattice scale, is inevitably a vector like theory. In particular, if not circumvented, the no-go theorem implies that there is no lattice formulation of the Standard Weinberg-Salam theory or SU(5) GUT, even though the fermions belong to anomaly-free representations of the gauge group. This talk aims to explain one possible attempt at bypassing the no-go theorem. 20 refs

  8. Possibilities of the determination of neutral, weak current contribution in experiments on study of the e+e- → μ-μ+ process in longitudinally polarized coliding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guliev, N.A.; Dzhafarov, I.G.; Sultanov, S.F.; Khallil-zade, F.T.

    1978-01-01

    The e + e - → μ - μ + process is considered for the case of longitudinal initial and final particle polarizations on the basis of a number of models: the Weinberg-Salam, Lee-Prentky-Zumino, vector, and X-model and under the assumption of the V-A structure of neutral weak currents. Polarization effects in the dufferential and integral cross sections of the process are analyzed in detail, and various possibilities of determining the contribution of neutral weak currents are revealed. The calculations show that neutral weak currents may, in case of attainable energies, cause considerable polarization effects which are highly sensitive to the selection of a model Experimental investigation of these effects may yield valuable data on the neutral weak current structure and, what is even more important, on the sign of the weak interaction constant

  9. Mixing angles in SU(2)/sub L/ x U(1) gauge model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nandi, S.; Tanaka, K.

    1979-01-01

    Exact expressions for the mixing parameters are obtained in terms of mass ratios in the standard Weinberg-Salam model with permutation symmetry S 3 for six quarks. The CP-violating phase is ignored, and there are no arbitrary parameters except for the quark masses. In the lowest order, the angles defined by Kobayashi-Maskawa are sin theta/sub 1/ = sin theta/sub c/ = (m/sub d//m/sub d/ + m/sub s/)/sup 1/2/, sin theta 3 = -sin theta/sub 3/ = -m 2 /sub s//m 2 /sub b/, and m/sub t/m/sub s/ greater than or equal to m/sub c/m/sub b/ = 7.2 GeV 2 or m/sub t/ greater than or equal to 24 GeV for m/sub s/ = 0.3 GeV

  10. Overview of the physics issues at the SSC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinchliffe, I.

    1984-11-01

    This report presents an overview of physics issues at the SSC. It discusses the progress made at the DPF Summer Study on the Design and Utilization of the SSC and emphasizes the important problems which remain. The discussion of the physics issues is divided into Standard Model, by which is meant the combination of QCD and the Weinberg-Salam model, and Non-Standard Physics, which includes supersymmetry, technicolor, new gauge bosons, compositeness and all the more or less speculative ideas in which theorists like to indulge. Then the work on identification of final states which contain W's, Z's or heavy quarks is discussed, and the impact of this work on some proposed signals for new physics is considered. Finally, some of the areas in which more work is required are discussed. 110 references

  11. On next-to-eikonal corrections to threshold resummation for the Drell-Yan and DIS cross sections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Laenen, Eric; Magnea, Lorenzo; Stavenga, Gerben

    2008-01-01

    We study corrections suppressed by one power of the soft gluon energy to the resummation of threshold logarithms for the Drell-Yan cross section and for Deep Inelastic structure functions. While no general factorization theorem is known for these next-to-eikonal (NE) corrections, it is conjectured that at least a subset will exponentiate, along with the logarithms arising at leading power. Here we develop some general tools to study NE logarithms, and we construct an ansatz for threshold resummation that includes various sources of NE corrections, implementing in this context the improved collinear evolution recently proposed by Dokshitzer, Marchesini and Salam (DMS). We compare our ansatz to existing exact results at two and three loops, finding evidence for the exponentiation of leading NE logarithms and confirming the predictivity of DMS evolution

  12. Masalah dan Solusi Model Pengembangan Pembiayaan Pertanian dari Aspek Keuangan Syari’ah

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Maulida

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to discuss the problems and solutions in terms of sharia financial aspects of the development of agricultural financing. This study used multiple linear regression analysis with ordinary least square method (OLS combined with a descriptive explorative approach and developed by using literature review approach or literature study. The theory or conceptual approach is done by referring from several sources, such as books, scientific journals, and the internet. All existing idea descriptions are combined into a single frame of thought. The results showed that the variable of problem financing in agriculture sector had a significant negative effect on the profitability of sharia banking, therefore the application of financing concept for farmers through Sharia Finance Cooperative or Baitul Maal bi Tamwil (BMT using Bai 'Salam".

  13. A Precision Measurement of sin$^{2}\\theta$$_{w}$ from Semileptonic Neutrino Scattering

    CERN Document Server

    Wotschack, Jorg

    1987-01-01

    There is considerable interest in measuring the electroweak mixing parameter sin$^{2}\\Theta$$_{w}$, of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg theory $^{1}$ as precisely as possible: first, its value may be predicted by models of Grand Unification;$^{2}$ second, precise measurements of sin$^{2}\\Theta$$_{w}$ from different processes would test the validity of electroweak radiative corrections. $^{3,$}$. Different methods have been used to determine sin$^{2}\\Theta$$_{w}$, over a large range of $Q^{2}$ values. FIGURE 1 gives a compilation of sin$^{2}\\Theta$$_{w}$ with remarkable agreement between the results. At present, it is most precisely determined in semileptonic neutrino-nucleon scattering from the ratio of neutral current (NC) to charged current (CC) cross and in proton-antiproton collisions from the W boson mass. $^{10,11}$.

  14. Nuclear reaction data and nuclear reactors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paver, N [University of Trieste (Italy); Herman, M [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Gandini, A [ENEA, Rome (Italy)

    2001-12-15

    These two volumes contain the lecture notes of the workshop 'Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors: Physics, Design and Safety', which was held at the Abdus Salam ICTP in the Spring of 2000. The workshop consisted of five weeks of lecture courses followed by practical computer exercises on nuclear data treatment and design of nuclear power systems. The spectrum of topics is wide enough to timely cover the state-of-the-art and the perspectives of this broad field. The first two weeks were devoted to nuclear reaction models and nuclear data evaluation. Nuclear data processing for applications to reactor calculations was the subject of the third week. On the last two weeks reactor physics and on-going projects in nuclear power generation, waste disposal and safety were presented.

  15. CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICAS DE FATIADORES DE FRIOS AVALIADAS POR ATP-BIOLUMINESCÊNCIA E CONTAGEM MICROBIANA: SUGESTÃO DE HIGIENIZAÇÃO CONFORME RDC 275 DA ANVISA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. C. S. PIRES

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available

    As superfícies de fatiadores de frios de sete estabelecimentos comerciais foram consideradas em condições higiênicas insatisfatórias tanto pela análise microbiológica convencional quanto pela técnica do ATP-bioluminescência, de acordo com as recomendações propostas pelas entidades científicas e pesquisas relacionadas, uma vez que não existem padrões estabelecidos pela legislação. As contagens microbianas alcançaram valores elevados, atingindo médias de 3,87 log UFC.cm-2, 1,89 log UFC.cm-2 e 0,86 log UFC.cm-2 , para mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes totais e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. As contagens de fungos filamentosos e leveduras variaram de 1,58 a 3,88 log UFC.cm-2 e a maioria das contagens de Staphylococcus spp. variou de 2,88 a 3,80 log UFC.cm-2. Constatou-se uma elevada contagem de Staphylococcus spp., que pode ser originária de manipuladores com hábitos higiênicos inadequados, ou dos próprios alimentos fatiados, particularmente no caso de queijos. Uma sugestão de procedimento operacional padronizado (POP para os fatiadores com base na RDC 275/2002 da ANVISA foi disponibilizada aos responsáveis pela higienização dos estabelecimentos comerciais. No POP, foram enfatizados os produtos químicos e as ajudas de limpeza; freqüência e descrição completa do procedimento que inclui concentração, pH, tempo e temperatura de contato. Além do monitoramento do procedimento, medidas de correção e riscos de uma higienização incorreta foram apontados.

  16. Caracterização e avaliação das propriedades antioxidantes de filmes biodegradáveis incorporados com polpas de frutas tropicais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emanuelle Andrade Dantas

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar embalagens ativas flexíveis formuladas pela incorporação de polpas de frutas tropicais a uma matriz polimérica de amido de mandioca plastificada com glicerol, avaliando as propriedades mecânicas, de barreira e a eficácia antioxidante destas embalagens durante o armazenamento. As embalagens foram produzidas por casting, com concentrações fixas de amido de mandioca (4,5% e glicerol (1,0%, e concentrações de polpa de manga, acerola e seriguela entre 5 e 20%. Foram caracterizadas as propriedades de barreira (espessura, umidade, sólidos totais, atividade de água e solubilidade e propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. A ação antioxidante dos aditivos incorporados foi avaliada através do armazenamento do azeite de dendê embalado com os filmes contendo os aditivos naturais, monitorando a sua oxidação por 40 dias, sob condições de oxidação acelerada (63%UR/30°C. A adição das polpas de frutas aos filmes promoveu um aumento da resistência mecânica. Os filmes com as polpas incorporadas desempenharam efeito antioxidante sobre o azeite de dendê durante os 40 dias de armazenamento, podendo ser aplicados para o controle da oxidação deste produto.

  17. Peningkatan Performa Ayam Broiler dengan Suplementasi Daun Salam [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight Walp] Sebagai Antibakteri Escherichia coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K.G. Wiryawan

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of bay leaves (S. polyanthum (Wight Walp used in the diet as E. coli antibacteria in improving broiler performances. This experiment used 180 day old chicks (DOC of Cobb strain which were kept in litter system for five weeks. The experiment used completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications consisting of 10 broilers in each replication. The treatment diets were R0 = control diet, R1 = R0 infected with E. coli, R2 = R1 + 1% bay leaves, R3 = R1 + 2% bay leaves, R4 = R1 + 3% bay leaves, R5 = R1 + antibiotic. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and total colony of E. coli in broiler excreta. The results showed that the use of bay leaves up to 3% in the ration increased broiler performance by increasing feed consumption and body weight gain, depressing the number of E. coli in excreta, and reducing mortality compared to the other treatments, but it did not affect the feed conversion ratio.

  18. People and things. CERN Courier, May 1986, v. 26(4)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    1986-05-15

    The article reports on achievements of various people, staff changes and position opportunities within the CERN organization and contains news updates on upcoming or past events. At the recent symposium on 'Perspectives in Particle Physics' at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, ICTP Director Abdus Salam presided over the first award ceremony for the Institute's Dirac Medals. The Guthrie Prize and Medal of the UK Institute of Physics this year goes to Sir Denys Wilkinson of Sussex for his many contributions to nuclear physics. The 1985 Third World Academy of Sciences Physics Prize has been awarded to E. C. G. Sudarshan from India for his fundamental contributions to the understanding of the weak nuclear force. The Academy's Mathematics Prize goes to Liao Shan Tao from China for his fundamental contributions to the periodic transformations of spheres and the qualitative theory of dynamics.

  19. The role of interaction in neutrino statistics. In memory of Bronislaw Kuchowicz

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deppert, W.

    1980-04-01

    The paper sets out to examine the role of interaction in neutrino statistics with the aid of the MATSUBARA method for calculation of thermodynamic potentials. For this purpose, a first step involves the use of the V-A interaction Hamilton operator. Estimations show that the relative effects of this interaction cannot exceed the very small value of 10 - 6 . In a second step it is shown that even by using the Hamilton operator of the Weinberg-Salam theory this result does not change. This means that the neutrino statistics calculated by Kuchowicz do not need to be revised as a result of interaction effects. Discussions are made on the possibility of symmetry restoring at a critical temperature kTsub(c) approx.= 100 GeV. This idea is extended to the grand unification scheme and some speculative conclusions are drawn. (author)

  20. Plasma neutrino energy loss due to the axial-vector current at the late stages of stellar evolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Jingjing

    2009-01-01

    Based on the Weinberg-Salam theory, the plasma neutrino energy loss rates of vector and axial-vector contributions are studied. A ratable factor of the rates from the axial-vector current relative to those of the total neutrino energy loss rates is accurately calculated. The results show that the ratable factor will reach a maximum of 0.95 or even more at relatively higher temperature and lower density (such as ρ/μ e 7 g/cm 3 ). Thus the rates of the axial-vector contribution cannot be neglected. On the other hand, the rates of the axial-vector contribution are on the order of ∼0.01% of the total vector contribution, which is in good agreement with Itoh's at relatively high density (such as ρ/μ e > 10 7 g/cm 3 ) and a temperature of T≤10 11 K. (authors)

  1. An introduction to gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iliopoulos, J.

    1977-01-01

    The CERN-JINR School of Physics is meant to give young experimental physicists an introduction to the theoretical aspects of recent advances in elementary particle physics. This paper presents an introduction to gauge theories: the systematics of Yang-Mills theories, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and Higgs mechanism. The treatment is simple, stressing the general principles rather than detailed calculations. The author presents the Weinberg-Salam model as an example of a renormalizable theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons, and it is shown that the extension of these ideas into the hadronic world requires the introduction of charm and colour. Finally, an attempt is made to include strong interactions into the scheme, guided by the experimental results of deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering. The Callan-Symanzik equation, and the concepts of asymptotic freedom and quark confinement are introduced. (Auth.)

  2. The weak interaction in nuclear, particle and astrophysics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grotz, K.; Klapdor, H.V.

    1989-01-01

    This book is an introduction to the concepts of weak interactions and their importance and consequences for nuclear physics, particle physics, neutrino physics, astrophysics and cosmology. After a general introduction to elementary particles and interactions the Fermi theory of weak interactions is described together with its connection with nuclear structure and beta decay including the double beta decay. Then, after a general description of gauge theories the Weinberg-Salam theory of the electroweak interactions is introduced. Thereafter the weak interactions are considered in the framework of grand unification. Then the physics of neutrinos is discussed. Thereafter connections of weak interactions with astrophysics are considered with special regards to the gravitational collapse and the synthesis of heavy elements in the r-process. Finally, the connections of grand unified theories and cosmology are considered. (HSI) With 141 figs., 39 tabs

  3. Invariant quantum mechanical equations of motion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wigner, E. P. [Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (United States)

    1963-01-15

    One of the last few years’ most important developments in theoretical physics is the recognition that it is useful to extend to complex numbers the definition domain of intrinsically real variables, such as energy or angular momentum. This leads one to review many subjects which were considered to be closed. It should not have surprised me, therefore, when Dr. Salam asked me to report, at this seminar, on equations for elementary particles which are not believed to exist in nature, such as particles with imaginary mass. Even though the equations which describe such particles will play no role in the theory as long as the variables such as energy or angular momentum have physically meaningful values, that is, as long as they are real, they may play a significant role when the definition domain of these variables is extended.

  4. Constraints of dynamical symmetry breaking mechanisms from electroweak data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ali, A.; Degrassi, G.

    1991-04-01

    Consistency of the Salam-Weinberg theory, including quantum corrections, with high precision data from LEP and elsewhere imposes non-trivial bounds on the parameters of this theory, in particular the top quark mass. We take stock of the available experimental information in the electroweak sector with the view of constraining possible additional interactions, such as present in dynamical symmetry breaking scenarios. Using the Peskin-Takeuchi isospin conserving, S and -violating, T, parametrization of new physics contribution to vacuum polarization corrections, we show here that the full one family technicolor models are ruled out at the 95% C.L. from the LEP data and m W -measurements alone. We stress the role of improved precision measurements of the W-boson mass and the decay width Γ(Z→banti b) in the enhanced sensitivity gained on such interactions. (orig.)

  5. Beyond the Standard Model with noncommutative geometry, strolling towards quantum gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinetti, Pierre

    2015-01-01

    Noncommutative geometry in its many incarnations appears at the crossroad of many researches in theoretical and mathematical physics: from models of quantum spacetime(with or without breaking of Lorentz symmetry) to loop gravity and string theory, from early considerations on UV-divergenciesin quantum field theory to recent models of gauge theories on noncommutatives pacetime, from Connes description of the standard model of elementary particles to recent Pati-Salam like extensions. We list several of these applications, emphasizing also the original point of view brought by noncommutative geometry on the nature of time. This text serves as an introduction to the volume of proceedings of the parallel session “Noncommutative geometry and quantum gravity”, as a part of the conference “Conceptual and technical challenges in quantum gravity” organized at the University of Rome La Sapienza sin September 2014. (paper)

  6. Salicylamide and salicylglycine oxidovanadium complexes with insulin-mimetic properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nilsson, Jessica; Shteinman, Albert A; Degerman, Eva; Enyedy, Eva A; Kiss, Tamás; Behrens, Ulrich; Rehder, Dieter; Nordlander, Ebbe

    2011-12-01

    Reaction of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-picolyl) glycine (H(2)papy) with VOSO(4) in water gives the oxidovanadium(V) oxido-bridged dimer [{(papy)(VO)}(2) μ-O)] (1). Similarly, reaction of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl) glycine (H(2)glysal) with VOSO(4) gives [(glysal)VO(H(2)O)] (2) and reaction of salicylamide (Hsalam) with VOSO(4) in methanol gives [(salam)(2)VO] (3). The crystal structure of the oxido-bridged complex 1 is reported. The insulin-mimetic activity of all three complexes was evaluated with respect to their ability to phosphorylate protein kinase B (PKB). The speciations of complexes 1 and 2 were studied over the pH range 2-10. Complex 1 shows greater stability over the whole pH range but only 2 and 3 exhibit an insulin-mimetic effect. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Standard model group: Survival of the fittest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nielsen, H. B.; Brene, N.

    1983-09-01

    The essential content of this paper is related to random dynamics. We speculate that the world seen through a sub-Planck-scale microscope has a lattice structure and that the dynamics on this lattice is almost completely random, except for the requirement that the random (plaquette) action is invariant under some "world (gauge) group". We see that the randomness may lead to spontaneous symmetry breakdown in the vacuum (spontaneous collapse) without explicit appeal to any scalar field associated with the usual Higgs mechanism. We further argue that the subgroup which survives as the end product of a possible chain of collapses is likely to have certain properties; the most important is that it has a topologically connected center. The standard group, i.e. the group of the gauge theory which combines the Salam-Weinberg model with QCD, has this property.

  8. Standard model group: survival of the fittest

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nielsen, H.B.; Brene, N.

    1983-01-01

    Th essential content of this paper is related to random dynamics. We speculate that the world seen through a sub-Planck-scale microscope has a lattice structure and that the dynamics on this lattice is almost completely random, except for the requirement that the random (plaquette) action is invariant under some ''world (gauge) group''. We see that the randomness may lead to spontaneous symmetry breakdown in the vacuum (spontaneous collapse) without explicit appeal to any scalar field associated with the usual Higgs mechanism. We further argue that the subgroup which survives as the end product of a possible chain of collapse is likely to have certain properties; the most important is that it has a topologically connected center. The standard group, i.e. the group of the gauge theory which combines the Salam-Weinberg model with QCD, has this property. (orig.)

  9. Phenomenology of unified gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ellis, J.

    1983-01-01

    Part I of these lectures treats the standard Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model of weak and electromagnetic interactions, discussing in turn its basic structure and weak neutral currents, charged currents, mixing angles and CP violation, and the phenomenology of weak vector and Higgs bosons. Part II of the lectures discusses the structure of theories of dynamical symmetry breaking such as technicolour, phenomenological consequences, frustrations and alternatives. The third part of these lectures offers the standard menu of grand unified theories (GUTs) of the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions, including an hors d'oeuvre of constraints on the parameters of the standard model, a main course of baryon number violating processes, and desserts which violate lepton number and CP. The fourth and final part goes through different attempts to remedy the inadequacies of previous theories by invoking supersymmetry and reaching out towards gravitation. (orig./HSI)

  10. Vanishing corrections on intermediate scale and implications for unification of forces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parida, M.K.

    1996-02-01

    In two-step breakings of a class of grand unified theories including SO(10), we prove a theorem showing that the scale (M I ) where the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry with parity breaks down to the standard gauge group, has vanishing corrections due to all sources emerging from higher scales (μ > M I ) such as the one-loop and all higher-loop effects, the GUT-threshold, gravitational smearing, and string threshold effects. Implications of such a scale for the unification of gauge couplings with small Majorana neutrino masses are discussed. In string inspired SO(10), we show that M I ≅ 5 x 10 12 GeV, needed for neutrino masses, with the GUT scale M U ≅ M str can be realized provided certain particle states in the predicted spectrum are light. (author). 28 refs, 1 tab

  11. ‘For someone who’s rich, it’s not a problem’

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kolling, Marie; Winkley, Kirsty; von Deden, Mette

    2010-01-01

    The prevalence of chronic non-communicable disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is rising worldwide. In Africa, T2DM is primarily affecting those living in urban areas and increasingly affecting the poor. Diabetes management among urban poor is an area of research that has received......; and health-seeking among people with T2DM. We demonstrate that although Tanzania is actively developing its diabetes services, many people with diabetes and low socioeconomic status are unable to engage continuously in treatment. There are many challenges to be addressed to support people accessing diabetes...... little attention. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Dar es Salam, the causes and conditions for diabetes management in Tanzania have been examined. In this paper, we focus on the structural context of diabetes services in Tanzania; the current status of biomedical and ethnomedical health care...

  12. e++e-→νsub(e)+anti νsub(e)+γ process in the gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dzhafarov, I.G.; Mustafaev, Kh.A.; Sultanov, S.F.

    1977-01-01

    The e + +e - →νsub(e)+anti νsub(e)+γ process has been treated within the framework of the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interractions (the Weinberg-Salam model). The analytical expressions for the photoproduction differential cross section are presented for two energy ranges: the range of relatively low energies and that of the resonance production expected due to the Z bozon exchange. Angular and energy distributions of photons produced in the process under consideration are investigated. The photoproduction differential cross section is by two-three orders of magnitude higher for the resonance energy, than the cross section for the same process, which is predicted by the local four-fermion V-A theory. The formulae obtained can be used also to describe the μ + +μ - →νsub(μ)+anti νsub(μ)+γ reaction

  13. Constructing 5d orbifold grand unified theories from heterotic strings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kobayashi, Tatsuo; Raby, Stuart; Zhang Renjie

    2004-01-01

    A three-generation Pati-Salam model is constructed by compactifying the heterotic string on a particular T 6 /Z 6 Abelian symmetric orbifold with two discrete Wilson lines. The compactified space is taken to be the Lie algebra lattice G 2 -bar SU(3)-bar SO(4). When one dimension of the SO(4) lattice is large compared to the string scale, this model reproduces many features of a 5d SO(10) grand unified theory compactified on an S 1 /Z 2 orbifold. (Of course, with two large extra dimensions we can obtain a 6d SO(10) grand unified theory.) We identify the orbifold parities and other ingredients of the orbifold grand unified theories in the string model. Our construction provides a UV completion of orbifold grand unified theories, and gives new insights into both field theoretical and string theoretical constructions

  14. Low-energy restoration of parity and maximal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raychaudhuri, A.; Sarkar, U.

    1982-01-01

    The maximal symmetry of fermions of one generation, SU(16), which includes the left-right-symmetric Pati-Salam group, SU(4)/sub c/ x SU(2) /sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/, as a subgroup, allows the possibility of a low-energy (M/sub R/approx.100 GeV) breaking of the left-right symmetry. It is known that such a low-energy restoration of parity can be consistent with weak-interaction phenomenology. We examine different chains of descent of SU(16) that admit a low value of M/sub R/ and determine the other intermediate symmetry-breaking mass scales associated with each of these chains. These additional mass scales provide an alternative to the ''great desert'' expected in some grand unifying models. The contributions of the Higgs fields in the renormalization-group equations are retained and are found to be important

  15. Supersymmetric particles in N=2 superspace: phase space variables and Hamilton dynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azcarraga, J.A. de; Lukierski, J.

    1982-10-01

    We consider a reparametrization invariant model recently proposed based on the N-extended superPoincare group with central charges, which leads to trajectories on the N-extended Salam-Strathdee superspace. The case N=2 is discussed in detail. We show that the N=2 model is invariant under four real supergauge transformations generated by first class odd constraints which imply the Dirac equation. We introduce one bosonic (which fixes the reparametrization) and four real spinorial (which fix the supergauges) gauge conditions and calculate the Dirac brackets for the remaining unconstrained variables (x-vector,p-vector,thetasup(α),theta-barsup(α-dot)). The equations of motion are written in Hamiltonian form, with H varies as to Tr set containing Qsub(αi),Q-barsub(β-doti) and correspond to the Heisenberg equations of the (first) quantized theory. (author)

  16. k0IAEA software validation at CDTN/CNEN, Brazil, using certified reference materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menezes, M.A.B.C.; Jacimovic, R.

    2007-01-01

    The IAEA distributed the k 0I AEA software package program to several laboratories. The Laboratory for Neutron Activation Analysis, at CDTN/CNEN (Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear/Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, acquired the k 0I AEA software package during the Workshop on Nuclear Data for Activation Analysis, 2005, held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. This paper is about the validation procedure carried out at the local laboratory aiming at the validation of the k 0I AEA software package. After the software was set up according to the guidelines, the procedure followed at CDTN/CNEN to validate the k 0I AEA software was to analyse several reference materials. The overall results pointed out that the k 0I AEA software is working properly. (author)

  17. Can biological homochirality result from a phase transition?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Figureau, A; Duval, E; Boukenter, A

    1995-06-01

    The problem of chiral purity in living organisms is still one of the prominent difficulties in the study of the origins of life. In particular the parity non-conservation known to occur in weak interactions could not be related to this lack of symmetry: these physical forces, though universal, are very weak and up to now no amplification process had been proposed. In 1991, A. Salam remarked that, due to the attractive character of the parity violating force in electro-weak interactions, a phase transition at low temperature should exist, leading eventually to enantiomeric purity. We undertook then a series of experimental tests, looking for a sizeable change in the optical activity of cystine molecules. We found no evidence for the phase transition down to 0.01 K. The interpretation of these negative results will be discussed, and future experiments proposed.

  18. The left-right forward-backward asymmetry for B quarks at the SLD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Williams, D.C.

    1994-05-01

    The left-right asymmetry for b quarks, A b , is precisely predicted by the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow model of particle interactions, now the standard model for high-energy particle physics. As a test of this model, A b is directly measured at the SLC Large Detector (SLD) by taking advantage of the unique polarized electron beam at the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) and measuring the left-right forward-backward asymmetry of b quarks. To measure the asymmetry, b quarks are identified using muons of high total and transverse momenta. The result for the 1993 data sample of 37,843 hadronic Z's is A b = 0.91 ± 0.19 ± 0.06, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction of A b = 0.935

  19. Embalagem a vácuo: efeito no escurecimento e endurecimento do feijão durante o armazenamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaella Araújo Zambaldi Lima

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available A influência do uso de embalagem a vácuo no controle do escurecimento e endurecimento do tegumento foi avaliada em feijões da cv. 'Pérola'. Os feijões após secos foram submetidos a diferentes embalagens: polietileno seladas a vácuo (espessura de 80µm, polietileno seladas sem vácuo (espessura de 80µm e embalagem comercial (espessura de 20µm, armazenados por oito meses em condições ambiente. Foram realizadas análises de umidade, tempo de cozimento, cor, atividade enzimática e compostos fenólicos, logo após a secagem e em intervalos de dois meses até o oitavo mês. O tempo de cozimento foi maior para os grãos acondicionados em embalagem comercial do que nas outras embalagens, ao final do armazenamento. Os grãos embalados em sacos de polietileno selados a vácuo apresentaram menor queda nos valores de L*. As amostras da embalagem selada a vácuo apresentaram atividade da Peroxidase e Polifenoloxidase inferior aos grãos da embalagem comercial. O teor de fenólicos totais não apresentou diferença significativa. O uso da embalagem selada a vácuo foi eficiente em retardar o aumento no tempo de cozimento, o escurecimento do tegumento, a atividade das enzimas Polifenoloxidase e Peroxidase da cultivar 'Pérola', durante o armazenamento por oito meses em condição ambiente.

  20. Kayseri’de Satışa Sunulan Kanatlı Eti Ürünlerinde Listeria spp. Varlığının Belirlenmesi*

    OpenAIRE

    YERLİKAYA, Osman Burak; YILDIRIM, Yeliz

    2015-01-01

     Bu çalışma, Kayseri’de satışa sunulan kanatlı eti ürünlerinde Listeria türlerinin varlığını belirlemek ve bu ürünlerinlisteriozis açısından taşıdığı halk sağlığı risklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Beş farklı kanatlı eti ürününe (Taşlık,ciğer, nugget, sosis, salam) ait örneklerden 20’şer adet olmak üzere toplam 100 örnek analiz edilmiştir. Örnekler iki aşamalızenginleştirme prosedürünü takiben iki ayrı selektif besi yerine ekim ve biyokimyasal identifikasyon yapılmak s...

  1. Elementary Particles and the Universe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schwarz, John H.

    2005-07-01

    1. Excess baggage J. Hartle; 2. Through the clouds E. Witten; 3. Covariant foundations of the superparticle L. Brink; 4. Chiral symmetry and confinement T. Goldman; 5. The original fifth interaction Y. Neeman; 6. The mass hierarchy of leptons and quarks H. Fritzsch; 7. Spacetime duality in string theory J. H. Schwarz; 8. Symmetry and quasi-symmetry Y. Nambu; 9. On an exceptional non-associative superspace M. Gunaydin; 10. Algebra of reparametrization-invariant and normal ordered operators in open string field theory P. Ramond; 11. Superconductivity of an ideal charged boson system T. D. Lee; 12. Some remarks on the symmetry approach to nuclear rotational motion L. C. Biedebharn and P. Truini; 13. Uncomputability, intractability and the efficiency of heat engines S. Lloyd; 14. The new mathematical physics I. Singer; 15. For the birds V. Telegdi; 16. Gell-Mann's approach to physics A. Salam; 17. Remarks M. Goldberger.

  2. Measurements of the mixing and asymmetries of b and c quarks in the semileptonic electron and muon decays; Mesures du melange effectif et des asymetries des quarks b et c dans les desintegrations semileptoniques en electrons et en muons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Durand, J.D.

    1996-10-07

    The standard model relies on many non theoretical parameters and on their precise determination. One of them, the Weinberg angle, is connected to the electroweak interaction. This work deals with its measurement through the estimation of the forward-backward asymmetry A{sup bb}-bar{sub FB} and/or A{sup cc}-bar{sub FB}. After a brief introduction, the author gives the theoretical background of the gauge symmetries, the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam (GWS) model and the e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation process. The asymmetry measurements were performed at the LEP (CERN). A description of the DELPHI experiments and detection devices is given. The reliability of the identification of the leptons, pions and muons is discussed and the particle selection performed. The results are finally presented as well as a detailed study of the related systematic errors, using the b tagging algorithm. (N.T.). 70 refs.

  3. Gauge theories in particle physics a practical introduction

    CERN Document Server

    Aitchison, Ian J R

    2013-01-01

    The fourth edition of this well-established, highly regarded two-volume set continues to provide a fundamental introduction to advanced particle physics while incorporating substantial new experimental results, especially in the areas of CP violation and neutrino oscillations. It offers an accessible and practical introduction to the three gauge theories included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory. In the first volume, a new chapter on Lorentz transformations and discrete symmetries presents a simple treatment of Lorentz transformations of Dirac spinors. Along with updating experimental results, this edition also introduces Majorana fermions at an early stage, making the material suitable for a first course in relativistic quantum mechanics. Covering much of the experimental progress made in the last ten years, the second volume remains focused on the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field...

  4. People and things. CERN Courier, May 1986, v. 26(4)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1986-01-01

    The article reports on achievements of various people, staff changes and position opportunities within the CERN organization and contains news updates on upcoming or past events. At the recent symposium on 'Perspectives in Particle Physics' at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, ICTP Director Abdus Salam presided over the first award ceremony for the Institute's Dirac Medals. The Guthrie Prize and Medal of the UK Institute of Physics this year goes to Sir Denys Wilkinson of Sussex for his many contributions to nuclear physics. The 1985 Third World Academy of Sciences Physics Prize has been awarded to E. C. G. Sudarshan from India for his fundamental contributions to the understanding of the weak nuclear force. The Academy's Mathematics Prize goes to Liao Shan Tao from China for his fundamental contributions to the periodic transformations of spheres and the qualitative theory of dynamics

  5. Active learning in optics for girls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ali, R.; Ashraf, I.

    2017-08-01

    Active learning in Optics (ALO) is a self-funded program under the umbrella of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) to bring physical sciences to traditionally underserved Girls high schools and colleges in Pakistan. There is a significant gender disparity in physical Sciences in Pakistan. In Department of Physics at QAU, approximately 10 to 20% of total students were used to be females from past many decades, but now this percentage is increasing. To keep it up at same pace, we started ALO in January 2016 as a way to provide girls an enriching science experiences, in a very friendly atmosphere. We have organized many one-day activities, to support and encourage girls' students of government high schools and colleges to pursue careers in sciences. In this presentation we will describe our experience and lesson learned in these activities.

  6. Standard model group: survival of the fittest

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nielsen, H.B. (Niels Bohr Inst., Copenhagen (Denmark); Nordisk Inst. for Teoretisk Atomfysik, Copenhagen (Denmark)); Brene, N. (Niels Bohr Inst., Copenhagen (Denmark))

    1983-09-19

    The essential content of this paper is related to random dynamics. We speculate that the world seen through a sub-Planck-scale microscope has a lattice structure and that the dynamics on this lattice is almost completely random, except for the requirement that the random (plaquette) action is invariant under some ''world (gauge) group''. We see that the randomness may lead to spontaneous symmetry breakdown in the vacuum (spontaneous collapse) without explicit appeal to any scalar field associated with the usual Higgs mechanism. We further argue that the subgroup which survives as the end product of a possible chain of collapse is likely to have certain properties; the most important is that it has a topologically connected center. The standard group, i.e. the group of the gauge theory which combines the Salam-Weinberg model with QCD, has this property.

  7. Luciano Maiani and Jean Iliopoulos awarded the Dirac Medal

    CERN Multimedia

    2007-01-01

    Luciano Maiani, when he was Director-General of CERN. Jean Iliopoulos in 1999. (©CNRS Photothèque - Julien Quideau)On 8 August, the 2007 Dirac Medal, one of the most prestigious prizes in the fields of theoretical physics and mathematics, was awarded to Luciano Maiani, professor at Rome’s La Sapienza University and former Director-General of CERN, and to Jean Iliopoulos, emeritus Director of Research at the CNRS Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. The medal was awarded to both physicists for their joint "work on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles." Founded by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in 1985, the Dirac Medal is awarded annually on 8 August, the birthday of the famous physicist Paul Dirac, winner of the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics. It is awarded to ...

  8. Gauge theories in particle physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aitchison, I.J.R.; Hey, A.J.G.

    1982-01-01

    The first theory, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is known to give a successful account of electromagnetic interactions. Weak and strong interactions are described by gauge theories which are generalisations of QED. The electro-weak gauge theory of Glashow Salam and Weinberg unites electromagnetic and weak interactions. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the gauge theory of strong interactions. This approach to these theories, designed for the non-specialist, is based on a straightforward generalisation of non-relativistic quantum-mechanical perturbation theory to the relativistic case, leading to an intuitive introduction to Feynman graphs. Spontaneously broken-or 'hidden'-symmetries are given particular attention, with the physics of hidden gauge invariance and the role of the vacuum (essential to the unified theories) being illustrated by an extended but elementary discussion of the non-relativistic example of superconductivity. Throughout, emphasis is placed both on realistic calculations and on physical understanding. (author)

  9. Standard model group survival of the fittest

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nielsen, H.B.; Brene, N.

    1983-02-01

    The essential content of this note is related to random dynamics. The authors speculate that the world seen through a sub Planck scale microscope has a lattice structure and that the dynamics on this lattice is almost completely random, except for the requirement that the random (plaquette) action is invariant under some ''world (gauge) group''. It is seen that the randomness may lead to spontaneous symmetry breakdown in the vacuum (spontaneous collapse) without explicit appeal to any scalar field associated with the usual Higgs mechanism. It is further argued that the subgroup which survives as the end product of a possible chain of collapses is likely to have certain properties; the most important is that it has a topologically connected center. The standard group, i.e. the group of the gauge theory which combines the Salam-Weinberg model with QCD, has this property. (Auth.)

  10. Essay on physics and non-commutative geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Connes, A.

    1990-01-01

    Our aim, in this article, is to try to discover what physics would be like if the space in which it took place was not a set of points, but a non-commutative space. We shall not go very far in this direction, and the consequences of this investigation are for the moment either mathematical or only applied to a commutative space-time. It is clear, however, that a tool as remarkable as the Dixmier trace for analyzing logarithmic divergences should be useful to physicists. Moreover we have been able to show that a small modification of our picture of space-time gives a conceptual explanation of the Higgs fields and of the way they appear in the Weinberg-Salam model. This should allow us to make at the classical level explicit predictions of the Higgs mass: a very crude one is discussed. (author)

  11. Particle physics and gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morel, A.

    1985-01-01

    These notes are intended to help readers not familiar with particle physics in entering the domain of gauge field theory applied to the so-called standard model of strong and electroweak interactions. The introduction is considerably enlarged in order to give non specialists a general overview of present days ''elementary'' particle physics. The Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model is then treated, with the details which its unquestioned successes deserve, most probably for a long time. Finally SU(5) is presented as a prototype of these developments of particle physics which aim at a unification of all forces. Although its intrinsic theoretical difficulties and the non-observation of a sizable proton decay rate do not qualify this model as a realistic one, it has many of the properties expected from a ''good'' unified theory. In particular, it allows one to study interesting connections between particle physics and cosmology. 35 refs.

  12. The left-right forward-backward asymmetry for B quarks at the SLD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Williams, David C. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

    1994-05-01

    The left-right asymmetry for b quarks, A{sub b}, is precisely predicted by the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow model of particle interactions, now the standard model for high-energy particle physics. As a test of this model, Ab is directly measured at the SLC Large Detector (SLD) by taking advantage of the unique polarized electron beam at the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) and measuring the left-right forward-backward asymmetry of b quarks. To measure the asymmetry, b quarks are identified using muons of high total and transverse momenta. The result for the 1993 data sample of 37,843 hadronic Z`s is Ab = 0.91 ± 0.19 ± 0.06, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction of Ab = 0.935.

  13. Golden Jubilee photos: The Search for the Bosons

    CERN Multimedia

    2004-01-01

    From left to right: Carlo Rubbia; Simon van der Meer; Herwig Schopper, Director-General of CERN; Erwin Gabathuler, Research Director at CERN; and Pierre Darriulat, spokesman of the UA2 experiment. On 25 January 1983, this historic press conference announced the observation of W particles in the UA1 experiment at CERN, and was followed by another in May when Z particles had been found. Natural phenomena at this scale are described by four forces, gravity, electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces. But in 1968 a new theory predicted that electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force were manifestations of a single 'electroweak' interaction, proposing that it would be communicated by the charged W+ and W- bosons and the neutral Z0 boson. In 1979 Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg won the Nobel Prize for Physics for this work. Finding the bosons predicted by the theory involved a huge effort. CERN had to develop new technology and engineering. Innovations included making crucial advances...

  14. Unification of all elementary-particle forces including gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Terazawa, Hidezumi; Chikashige, Yuichi; Matsuki, Takayuki; Akama, Keiichi.

    1978-07-01

    A unified model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type for all elementary-particle forces including gravity is reviewed in some detail. Starting with a nonlinear fermion Lagrangian of the Heisenberg type and imposing the massless conditions of Bjorken on vector auxiliary fields, on effective Lagrangian is constructed, which combines the unified SU (2) x U (1) gauge theory of Weinberg and Salam for the weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons and quarks and the Yang-Mills gauge theory of color SU (3) for the strong interaction of quarks. The photon, the weak vector bosons, and the physical Higgs scalar appear as collective excitations of lepton-antilepton or quark-antiquark pairs while the color-octet gluons appear as those of quark-antiquark pairs. The most important results of this unified model are presented. The Weinberg angle and the gluon coupling constant are determined, and the masses of the weak vector bosons are predicted. (Yoshimori, M.)

  15. Two- and three dimensional electrons and photons and their supersymmetric partners

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steringa, J.J.

    1989-01-01

    This thesis contains a study of supersymmetric gauge theories in two and tree spacetime dimensions. Supersymmetric gauge theories in less than four spacetime dimensions are useful for trying out field theoretical methods which ultimately will be applied to realistic models. In ch. 1 all the aspects of field theory that are necessary for later chapters are treated. In ch. 2 sypersymmetry in two- and three-dimensional space time is treated, and superfields and superspace techniques are introduced. With these a simple Abelian supersymmetric gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions is constructed, the Schwinger model. Ch. 3 deals with general properties and a perturbative analysis of the model. Ch. 4 contains a non-perturbative analysis by means of Dyson-Schwinger equations. A supersummetric extension of theSalam-Delbourgo Gauge Technique is presented and is applied with some seccess to the supersymmetric Schwinger model. In ch. 5 prperties of three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories are investigated. (author). 55 refs.; 7 figs.; schemes

  16. Precision of the ATLAS muon spectrometer

    CERN Document Server

    Woudstra, M J

    2002-01-01

    The 'Standard Model' of elementary particles has been a very successful theory for the last few decades and has met every experimental test. It incorporates the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory of electroweak interactions and the quantum chromodynamics theory of the strong interactions, and thereby includes all known forces between elementary particles except gravity. The Standard Model includes the 'Higgs' mechanism to endow the particles with mass. This mechanism, however, requires the existence of the 'Higgs boson'. This is the only particle of the Standard Model that has escaped experimental observation, despite many efforts of the last four decades. Current indirect measurements from the experiments at the LEP accelerator at CERN indicate that the mass of the Standard Model Higgs particle falls in the range 114 - 196 GeV / c2 with a probability of 90%. The LEP accelerator and its detectors are currently being dismantled to be replaced by the more powerful LHC accelerator and its four new experiments (called...

  17. Unified theory in the worldline approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James P. Edwards

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available We explore unified field theories based on the gauge groups SU(5 and SO(10 using the worldline approach for chiral fermions with a Wilson loop coupling to a background gauge field. Representing path ordering and chiral projection operators with functional integrals has previously reproduced the sum over the chiralities and representations of standard model particles in a compact way. This paper shows that for SU(5 the 5¯ and 10 representations – into which the Georgi–Glashow model places the left-handed fermionic content of the standard model – appear naturally and with the familiar chirality. We carry out the same analysis for flipped SU(5 and uncover a link to SO(10 unified theory. We pursue this by exploring the SO(10 theory in the same framework, the less established unified theory based on SU(6 and briefly consider the Pati–Salam model using SU(4×SU(2×SU(2.

  18. The Impacts of Liquidity on Profitability in Banking Sectors of Iraq: A Case of Iraqi Commercial Banks.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sardar Shaker Ibrahim

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available This study examines the influence of liquidity on the profitability of Iraqi commercial banks. Five banks based in Iraq namely: North bank, Iraqi Islamic bank, Sumer bank, Dar Es-Salam bank and Babylon bank randomly selected and analyzed for the current study over the period 2005 to 2013. Moreover,  annual reports of these banks have studied and the main ratios of profitability and liquidity were calculated. These reports are available at Iraqi Stock Exchange site. The variables that were identified as independent for liquidity were, loan deposit ratio, deposit asset ratio and cash deposit ratio, while return on assets as dependent variable for profitability. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS model used to examine the impact of liquidity on profitability. The study observes that any increase in liquidity ratios as above mentioned will lead return on asset to increase as well. Depending on this study it could be better for Iraqi banks to keep a balance between liquidity and profitability.

  19. Parity-violating weak neutral current effects in elastic e-12C scattering. Progress report, March 1, 1982-December 31, 1982

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lubell, M.S.

    1983-01-01

    As a means of investigating unified gauge theories of the electro-weak interaction we have been preparing an experiment for the Bates Electron Accelerator to determine the parity violating asymmetry A = (sigma/sub R/ - sigma/sub L/) for 30 0 elastic scattering by 12 C of 250 MeV longitudinally polarized electrons, where sigma/sub R/ and sigma/sub L/ are respectively the differential cross sections for electrons with right and left helicities. The asymmetry depends strictly on the isoscalar vector-hadronic coupling constant, and in terms of the Weinberg-Salam model is predicted to have a value of approx. 2 x 10 - 6 for our choice of kinematics. Central to the success of the measurement of such a small quantity is the use of an intense, highly stable source of polarized electrons. The progress in the development of such a source, based upon photoemission from GaAs, is reviewed in this report

  20. Awards aplenty in Krakow

    CERN Multimedia

    2009-01-01

    CERN will be well represented this year at the award ceremony organized by the European Physical Society (EPS) in Krakow. The Gargamelle Collaboration is being awarded the High Energy and Particle Physics prize, while Maurizio Pierini shares the Young Physicist Prize. Both Mick Storr and Andrzej Siemko will be awarded the Medal of the Polish Commission of National Education.This year’s EPS-High Energy and Particle Physics Prize is being awarded to the Gargamelle Collaboration for the discovery of the weak neutral current. Gargamelle’s large bubble chamber is now displayed in the Microcosm garden at CERN in commemoration of the discovery that led to the acceptance of the electroweak theory and the award of the Noble prize to Glashow, Salam and Weinberg in 1979. On 3 September 1973 the collaboration published two papers in the same issue of Physics Letters, one on neutral currents involving electrons, the other on neutral current interactions with hadrons (protons and neut...

  1. Elements of quantum chromodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bjorken, J.D.

    1979-01-01

    The subject of quantum chromodynamics is discussed at length. The introduction motivates the exposition and points out the analogies between QCD and QED. Then, after some assumptions about the nature of QCD, a description is given of what the solution of the theory should look like for three stages of complexity: pure QCD with no fermions or other sources, introduction of superheavy quarks, introduction of the light quarks (u, d, s) with vacuum polarization and pair creation. Next, canonical quantization of QCD by use of a Hamiltonian formulation (in A 0 = 0 gauge) is considered; gauge ambiguities, theta vacua, instantons, etc., are encountered. Then the properties of the three stages noted above are discussed in much greater detail. These follow descriptions of the confinement problem and various approaches to it, as well as of more radical alternatives to QCD, such as the string model or the Pati-Salam program. Included in the summary is an assessment of the current situation. 101 references, 23 figures, 2 tables

  2. Thomas Kibble visits CERN

    CERN Multimedia

    Rosaria Marraffino

    2014-01-01

    Emeritus Professor Sir Thomas W.B. Kibble, from Imperial College London visited LHC for the first time last week and delivered a colloquium on the genesis of electroweak unification and the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.   From left to right: Jim Virdee, Tiziano Camporesi, Tom Kibble and Austin Ball on the visit to CMS. On his way back from Trieste, where he received the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics' Dirac Medal, Tom Kibble stopped by CERN for his first visit to the LHC. Kibble had a standing invitation from Jim Virdee, former CMS spokesperson, who is also a researcher from Imperial College London. Peter Jenni (left) and Tom Kibble tour the ATLAS detector. (Image: Erwan Bertrand) Kibble made the trip to CERN a family outing and brought along 14 relatives,  including his children and grandchildren. He visited the ATLAS detector with Peter Jenni, its former spokesperson, on Friday 10 October. In the afternoon, Kibble delivered a colloquium in the...

  3. Aspects of Quantum Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salam, Abdus; Wigner, E. P.

    2010-03-01

    Preface; List of contributors; Bibliography of P. A. M. Dirac; 1. Dirac in Cambridge R. J. Eden and J. C. Polkinghorne; 2. Travels with Dirac in the Rockies J. H. Van Vleck; 3. 'The golden age of theoretical physics': P. A. M. Dirac's scientific work from 1924 to 1933 Jagdish Mehra; 4. Foundation of quantum field theory Res Jost; 5. The early history of the theory of electron: 1897-1947 A. Pais; 6. The Dirac equation A. S. Wightman; 7. Fermi-Dirac statistics Rudolph Peierls; 8. Indefinite metric in state space W. Heisenberg; 9. On bras and kets J. M. Jauch; 10. The Poisson bracket C. Lanczos; 11. La 'fonction' et les noyaux L. Schwartz; 12. On the Dirac magnetic poles Edoardo Amadli and Nicola Cabibbo; 13. The fundamental constants and their time variation Freeman J. Dyson; 14. On the time-energy uncertainty relation Eugene P. Wigner; 15. The path-integral quantisation of gravity Abdus Salam and J. Strathdee; Index; Plates.

  4. O(5)sub(L)xO(5)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V) electro-weak gauge theory and the neutrino pairing mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Samiullah, M.; Mubarak, A.

    1981-08-01

    The possibility of using the group O(5)sub(L)xO(5)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V) for unifying the weak and electromagnetic interactions is studied. We are led to an anomaly free theory. Potentially the theory has the advantage of incorporating the previous results. For example, all the results of O(5)sub(L)xU(1) studies are, as a special case, obtainable at low energies. In the process of breaking the symmetry down to Weinberg-Salam theory at the level of SU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V), we have employed the neutrino proposed by Mannheim. We have been able to reproduce several of the conventional electroweak aspects such as the parity violation in both the lepton and charged quark sectors, Weinberg mixing pattern in the neutral current sector while keeping the left-handed neutrinos massless. All the salient features of low energy phenomenology are shown to follow. (author)

  5. Parity-violating internucleon potential and strong-interaction enhancement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Donoghue, J.F.

    1976-01-01

    The NNπ and NNV vertices that enter the parity-violating internucleon potential are calculated in the Cabibbo and Weinberg-Salam models, using a mechanism whereby octet enhancement results from the short-distance behavior of the current-current product. A quark model is used to calculate the NNπ vertex, and for the NNV vertices, a modified factorization approach is proposed. The Cabibbo NNπ vertex is estimated to be an order of magnitude smaller than previous calculations had indicated and arguments against the previous method are given. In the Weinberg model the NNπ vertex is A (N 0 /sub -/) = 1.3 sin 2 theta/subW/A (Λ 0 /sub -/), with only neutral currents contributing. In both models the NNV vertices with only neutral currents contributing. In both models the NNV vertices, however, reasonable values of the enhancement parameters are not expected to be large enough to explain by themselves the large circular polarization measured in n + p → d+γ

  6. Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble (1932 - 2016)

    CERN Document Server

    2016-01-01

    Tom Kibble, an internationally-renowned theoretical physicist, passed away on Thursday 2 June.   Tom Kibble in the CMS cavern during a visit to CERN in 2014. (Photo: CMS/CERN) Professor Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble passed away unexpectedly on 2 June at the age of 83. He was senior research investigator at the Blackett Laboratory and Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College, London. He made seminal contributions to our current understanding of symmetries and symmetry breaking in the Standard Model of particle physics. He was among those who, in 1964, proposed the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories, together with G. Guralnik and C. Hagen in the autumn of that year, following the papers by R. Brout and F. Englert and by P. Higgs. When this new understanding was incorporated into a model proposed by S. Glashow in 1961, it led to the first formulations of the Standard Model by S. Weinberg and A. Salam. Kibble deepened our under...

  7. Monitoring the digital divide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Canessa, E.; Cerdeira, H.A.; Matthews, W.; Cottrell, R.L.

    2003-05-01

    It is increasingly important to support the large numbers of scientists working in remote areas and having low-bandwidth access to the Internet. This will continue to be the case for years to come since there is evidence from PingER performance measurements that the, so-called, digital divide is not decreasing. In this work, we review the collaborative work of The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste - a leading organization promoting science dissemination in the developing world- and SLAC in Stanford, to monitor by PingER, Universities and Research Institutions all over the developing world following the recent 'Recommendations of Trieste' to help bridge the digital divide. As a result, PingER's deployment now covers the real-time monitoring of worldwide Internet performance and, in particular, West and Central Africa for the first time. We report on the results from the ICTP sites and quantitatively identify regions with poor performance, identify trends, discuss experiences and future work. (author)

  8. A non Supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Model for All the Physics below $M_{GUT}$

    CERN Document Server

    Altarelli, Guido

    2013-01-01

    We present a renormalizable non supersymmetric Grand Unified SO(10) model which, at the price of a large fine tuning, is compatible with all compelling phenomenological requirements below the unification scale and thus realizes a minimal extension of the SM, unified in SO(10) and describing all known physics below $M_{GUT}$. These requirements include coupling unification at a large enough scale to be compatible with the bounds on proton decay; a Yukawa sector in agreement with all the data on quark and lepton masses and mixings and with leptogenesis as the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe; an axion arising from the Higgs sector of the model, suitable to solve the strong CP problem and to account for the observed amount of Dark Matter. The above constraints imposed by the data are very stringent and single out a particular breaking chain with the Pati-Salam group at an intermediate scale $M_I\\sim10^{11}$ GeV.

  9. Massless spectra and gauge couplings at one-loop on non-factorisable toroidal orientifolds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berasaluce-González, Mikel; Honecker, Gabriele; Seifert, Alexander

    2018-01-01

    So-called 'non-factorisable' toroidal orbifolds can be rewritten in a factorised form as a product of three two-tori by imposing an additional shift symmetry. This finding of Blaszczyk et al. [1] provides a new avenue to Conformal Field Theory methods, by which the vector-like massless matter spectrum - and thereby the type of gauge group enhancement on orientifold invariant fractional D6-branes - and the one-loop corrections to the gauge couplings in Type IIA orientifold theories can be computed in addition to the well-established chiral matter spectrum derived from topological intersection numbers among three-cycles. We demonstrate this framework for the Z4 × ΩR orientifolds on the A3 ×A1 ×B2-type torus. As observed before for factorisable backgrounds, also here the one-loop correction can drive the gauge groups to stronger coupling as demonstrated by means of a four-generation Pati-Salam example.

  10. Experiment, right or wrong

    CERN Document Server

    Franklin, Allan

    2008-01-01

    In Experiment, Right or Wrong, Allan Franklin continues his investigation of the history and philosophy of experiment presented in his previous book, The Neglect of Experiment. In this new study, Franklin considers the fallibility and corrigibility of experimental results and presents detailed histories of two such episodes: 1) the experiment and the development of the theory of weak interactions from Fermi's theory in 1934 to the V-A theory of 1957 and 2) atomic parity violation experiments and the Weinberg-Salam unified theory of electroweak interactions of the 1970s and 1980s. In these episodes Franklin demonstrates not only that experimental results can be wrong, but also that theoretical calculations and the comparison between experiment and theory can also be incorrect. In the second episode, Franklin contrasts his view of an "evidence model" of science in which questions of theory choice, confirmation, and refutation are decided on the basis of reliable experimental evidence, with that proposed by the ...

  11. Experimentation at LEP: weak-electromagnetic interference, QED and two-photon physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davier, M.

    1979-01-01

    The energy range opened by LEP will permit a clean and direct study of the weak interaction. Of particular importance are those effects resulting from the interference between the weak and the electromagnetic (EM) currents: it is shown that they give access to the basic couplings which can be measured unambiguously. The paper is in three parts. The first and major section deals with the weak interaction experiments. Most of the calculations and estimates rely on the Weinberg-Salam model as a realistic guide of what might happen. The second section is devoted to 2γ processes. On one hand they constitute an interesting physics study which has been assessed both from theory and experiment and appears promising. On the other hand, they can generate background to many annihilation channels and this aspect has been studied in detail. The last section presents a brief look at short distance tests of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) - a restricted, but important area of research at LEP. (Auth.)

  12. The eight-fold way to colour geometrodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mielke, E.W.

    1980-05-01

    Colour models of strong interactions are generalized to a GL(8,C)sup(f) x GL(8,C)sup(c) gauge theory incorporating space-time curvature and Cartan's torsion. Following Salam, the dynamics is determined by an Einstein-Dirac-type Lagrangian. The resulting field equations are a nonlinear (due to the torsion) Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl equation for the fundamental spinor fields and a generalized Einstein equation for the background metric of hadronic dimensions. According to this model, baryonic quarks are confined in geon (black soliton)-type objects by the tensor gluons of strong gravity. This approach also leads to a black soliton mass formula which is in qualitative agreement with part of the baryon spectrum. Hadronic mesons are interpreted as gluon strings trapped in a multiconnected spacetime. Interrelations of color geometrodynamics with other ''bag'' models are pointed out. Finally, the conceptual origin of this space-time foundation of quark confinement is presented. (author)

  13. Search for the decays B_{(s)};{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-} and B_{(s)};{0} --> e;{+} e;{-} in CDF run II.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aaltonen, T; Adelman, J; Akimoto, T; Alvarez González, B; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Apresyan, A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Azzurri, P; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Beauchemin, P-H; Bedeschi, F; Beecher, D; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Bridgeman, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Burke, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Calancha, C; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Chwalek, T; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Dagenhart, D; Datta, M; Davies, T; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lorenzo, G; Dell'orso, M; Deluca, C; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; Derwent, P F; di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Donati, S; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Elagin, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Ferrazza, C; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Frank, M J; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garberson, F; Garcia, J E; Garfinkel, A F; Genser, K; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Gessler, A; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heijboer, A; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hewamanage, S; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeon, E J; Jha, M K; Jindariani, S; Johnson, W; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Kar, D; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kephart, R; Keung, J; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, H W; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krop, D; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhr, T; Kulkarni, N P; Kurata, M; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; Lecompte, T; Lee, E; Lee, H S; Lee, S W; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C-S; Linacre, J; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, C; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Lovas, L; Lucchesi, D; Luci, C; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Macqueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Martínez-Ballarín, R; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Mathis, M; Mattson, M E; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyake, H; Moggi, N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Morlock, J; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Nett, J; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Neubauer, S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Norman, M; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Griso, S Pagan; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Papaikonomou, A; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Peiffer, T; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prakoshyn, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptohos, F; Pueschel, E; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ramakrishnan, V; Ranjan, N; Redondo, I; Renton, P; Renz, M; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rodriguez, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Roy, P; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Rutherford, B; Saarikko, H; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Saltó, O; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, A; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M A; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sforza, F; Sfyrla, A; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shiraishi, S; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Strycker, G L; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thompson, G A; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Ttito-Guzmán, P; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Tourneur, S; Trovato, M; Tsai, S-Y; Tu, Y; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vidal, M; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vogel, M; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, W; Wagner-Kuhr, J; Wakisaka, T; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Weinelt, J; Wenzel, H; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Wilbur, S; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Würthwein, F; Xie, S; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y; Zucchelli, S

    2009-05-22

    We report results from a search for the lepton flavor violating decays B_{s};{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-} and B;{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-}, and the flavor-changing neutral-current decays B_{s};{0} --> e;{+} e;{-} and B;{0} --> e;{+} e;{-}. The analysis uses data corresponding to 2 fb;{-1} of integrated luminosity of pp[over ] collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV collected with the upgraded Collider Detector (CDF II) at the Fermilab Tevatron. The observed number of B0 and B_{s};{0} candidates is consistent with background expectations. The resulting Bayesian upper limits on the branching ratios at 90% credibility level are B(B_{s};{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-}) e;{+} micro;{-}) e;{+} e;{-}) e;{+} e;{-}) e;{+} micro;{-}), the following lower bounds on the Pati-Salam leptoquark masses are also derived: M_{LQ}(B_{s};{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-}) > 47.8 TeV/c;{2}, and M_{LQ}(B;{0} --> e;{+} micro;{-}) > 59.3 TeV / c;{2}, at 90% credibility level.

  14. Composite Leptoquarks at the LHC

    CERN Document Server

    Gripaios, Ben

    2010-01-01

    If electroweak symmetry breaking arises via strongly-coupled physics, the observed suppression of flavour-changing processes suggests that fermion masses should arise via mixing of elementary fermions with composite fermions of the strong sector. The strong sector then carries colour charge, and may contain composite leptoquark states, arising either as TeV scale resonances, or even as light, pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. The latter, since they are coupled to colour, get a mass of the order of several hundred GeV, beyond the reach of current searches at the Tevatron. The same generic mechanism that suppresses flavour-changing processes suppresses leptoquark-mediated rare processes, making it conceivable that the many stringent constraints may be evaded. The leptoquarks couple predominantly to third-generation quarks and leptons, and the prospects for discovery at LHC appear to be good. As an illustration, a model based on the Pati-Salam symmetry is described, and its embedding in models with a larger symmetr...

  15. Monitoring the Digital Divide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cottrell, Les

    2003-01-01

    It is increasingly important to support the large numbers of scientists working in remote areas and having low bandwidth access to the Internet. This will continue to be the case for years to come since there is evidence from PingER performance measurements that the, so-called, digital divide is not decreasing. In this work, we review the collaborative work of The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, a leading organization promoting science dissemination in the developing world- and SLAC in Stanford, to monitor by PingER, Universities and Research Institutions all over the developing world following the recent ''Recommendations of Trieste'' to help bridge the digital divide. As a result, PingER's deployment now covers the real-time monitoring of worldwide Internet performance and, in particular, West and Central Africa for the first time. We report on the results from the ICTP sites and quantitatively identify regions with poor performance, identify trends, discuss experiences and future work

  16. On gauged maximal d  =  8 supergravities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lasso Andino, Óscar; Ortín, Tomás

    2018-04-01

    We study the gauging of maximal d  =  8 supergravity using the embedding tensor formalism. We focus on SO(3) gaugings, study all the possible choices of gauge fields and construct explicitly the bosonic actions (including the complicated Chern–Simons terms) for all these choices, which are parametrized by a parameter associated to the 8-dimensional SL(2, {R}) duality group that relates all the possible choices which are, ultimately, equivalent from the purely 8-dimensional point of view. Our result proves that the theory constructed by Salam and Sezgin by Scherk–Schwarz compactification of d  =  11 supergravity and the theory constructed in Alonso-Alberca (2001 Nucl. Phys. B 602 329) by dimensional reduction of the so called ‘massive 11-dimensional supergravity’ proposed by Meessen and Ortín in (1999 Nucl. Phys. B 541 195) are indeed related by an SL(2, {R}) duality even though they have two completely different 11-dimensional origins.

  17. Study of viable models with non-universal gaugino mediation with CompHEP and ISAJET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baer, H.; Balazs, C.; Belyaev, A.; Dermisek, R.; Mafi, A.; Mustafayev, A.

    2003-01-01

    We study the recently proposed scenario for SUSY GUT models in which compactification of the extra dimension(s) leads to a breakdown of the gauge symmetry and/or supersymmetry. SUSY breaking occurs on a hidden brane, and is communicated to the visible brane via gaugino mediation. The non-universal gaugino masses are developed at the compactification scale as a consequence of a restricted gauge symmetry on the hidden brane. For gaugino masses related due to a Pati-Salam symmetry on the hidden brane, we find the limited, but significant, regions of the model parameter space where a viable spectra of SUSY matter is generated. In the more general case of three independent gaugino masses, large parameter space regions open up for large values of the U(1) gaugino mass M 1 . We also find the relic density of neutralinos for these models to be generally below the expectations from cosmological observations, thus leaving room for hidden sector states to make up the bulk of cold dark matter

  18. Split supersymmetry in unified models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dutta, Bhaskar; Mimura, Yukihiro

    2005-01-01

    In the context of split supersymmetry, the gaugino mass spectrum seems to be very important to satisfy the dark matter content of the universe and the gauge coupling unification. In this Letter, we have considered various sources of gaugino masses in the context of unified models. We show that the gaugino mass spectrum varies in different unification pictures. In the context of SU(5), we have found that the bino/wino mass ratio can be close to one at the weak scale which is helpful to satisfy the WMAP data. The gluino/wino mass ratio is also different from the usual scenario of unified gaugino masses. The gaugino masses can be around one TeV and m SUSY is chosen so that the gluino mass does not create any cosmological problem. In the context of the Pati-Salam model, we show that the gluino mass can be made very heavy even after maintaining the unification of the gauge couplings

  19. Signals of W+- and Z0 productions in hadronic collisions as predicted by QCD perturbation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaichian, M.; Dumbrajs, O.; Hayashi, M.

    1978-01-01

    We point out that the observation of high psub(T) charged lepton μ +- in high energy pp, antipp collisions can provide a clean way for detecting W +- and Z 0 including the determination of their masses. The calculations are done within the Weinberg-Salam model using the generalization of Drell-Yan formula for W +- , Z 0 production to first order in quark-gluon couplings in the asymptotically free quantum chromodynamics. We present the expressions and curves for various differential cross sections in reactions pp, anti pp→W + +X (W + →μ + ν); pp, anti pp→W + jet+X (W + →μ + ν) and pp, anti pp→(Z 0 ,γ)+X ((Z 0 ,γ)→μ + μ - ) for c.m. energy range √s=100-800 GeV. Different forms for scale violation of the structure functions are incorporated and compared with the case when they are absent. Implications of the results for the detection of intermediate vector bosons W +- and Z 0 are discussed. (author)

  20. q-fractional calculus and equations

    CERN Document Server

    Annaby, Mahmoud H

    2012-01-01

    This nine-chapter monograph introduces a rigorous investigation of q-difference operators in standard and fractional settings. It starts with elementary calculus of q-differences and integration of Jackson’s type before turning to q-difference equations. The existence and uniqueness theorems are derived using successive approximations, leading to systems of equations with retarded arguments. Regular  q-Sturm–Liouville theory is also introduced; Green’s function is constructed and the eigenfunction expansion theorem is given. The monograph also discusses some integral equations of Volterra and Abel type, as introductory material for the study of fractional q-calculi. Hence fractional q-calculi of the types Riemann–Liouville; Grünwald–Letnikov;  Caputo;  Erdélyi–Kober and Weyl are defined analytically. Fractional q-Leibniz rules with applications  in q-series are  also obtained with rigorous proofs of the formal  results of  Al-Salam-Verma, which remained unproved for decades. In working ...

  1. Is our world simple?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faessler, A.

    1991-01-01

    Grand unified models try to unify the electroweak interaction of Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg and the strong interaction of the nuclear forces (quantum-chromodynamics) into a single force. These models predict that the neutrino is identical to its antiparticle (Majorana-neutrino), that the neutrino has a mass, and that a small, right-handed, weak interaction also exists. This allows double neutrinoless beta-decay, which is forbidden in the standard model. Thus, double beta-decay without the emission of neutrinos would falsify the standard model and strongly support grand unified models. This neutrinoless double beta-decay has not yet been found but lower limits of the half-life of nuclei against the double neutrinoless beta-decay (about 10 24 years) allow to give upper limits of the neutrino mass and of the right-handedness of the weak interaction. The conditions for such limits are reliable nuclear structure calculations which are available for about 2 to 3 years. (orig.) [de

  2. Active packaging for fresh-cut broccoli using 1-methylcyclopropene in biodegradable sachet/ Embalagem ativa para brócolis minimamente processado utilizando 1-metilciclopropeno em sachê biodegradável

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta de Toledo Benassi

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available Fresh-cut broccoli florets were packed in polypropylene pots containing a sachet with 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP and sealed with biodegradable starch-based film. Broccoli was stored for 8 days at 12oC and after this time the color and the texture of the product were similar of the fresh broccoli, with no off-flavor development or decay. Active packaging with 1-MCP in a sachet was efficient to extent shelf life of broccoli florets retarding yellowing and vitamin C losses. It is an alternative of 1-MCP treatment for fresh-cut products and besides, the sachet can absorbs condensed water reducing spoilage and off-odor development.Brócolis minimamente processados foram embalados em bandejas de polipropileno com sachê contendo 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP e selado com filme biodegradável de amido. Os brócolis foram armazenados por 8 dias a 12oC e após este tempo a cor e a textura mantiveram-se similares às do produto fresco, sem desenvolvimento de odor não característico ou podridão. A embalagem ativa contendo 1-MCP na forma de sachê foi eficiente no aumento da vida de prateleira de brócolis, retardando o amarelecimento e a perda de vitamina C. Esta é uma alternativa para o tratamento com 1-MCP para produtos minimamente processados e além disso, o sachê pode absorver a água condensada, reduzindo a deterioração e o desenvolvimento de odor não característico.

  3. Estabilidade de produtos de pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm sob congelamento em diferentes tipos de embalagens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaci Pereira de Souza

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se as características de qualidade de pequi (C. coriaceum congelado e acondicionado em diferentes embalagens, armazenados a -18º C, durante 300 dias. Os frutos, coletados na safra de 2009/2010, foram descascados, obtendo-se assim os caroços, que, após sanificados, foram submetidos a 3 tipos de embalagens: 1 - Cortados em lâminas de aproximadamente 2 mm de espessura de polpa e seladas a vácuo em polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD; 2 - Caroços embalados e selados a vácuo em sacos de PEAD; 3 - Caroços dispostos em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e envoltos por filme plástico. As amostras foram avaliadas aos 0; 60; 120; 180; 240 e 300 dias de armazenamento. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, e os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e regressão. O congelamento do pequi submetido aos três tipos de acondicionamento foi eficiente na preservação das características de qualidade como: pH, acidez titulável e açúcares totais durante 300 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de carotenoides e polifenóis extraíveis totais mostraram redução acentuada no acondicionamento da polpa a vácuo. A forma mais indicada de congelamento do pequi para a manutenção da cromaticidade é o acondicionamento do caroço a vácuo ou em bandeja com filme de PVC.

  4. APLICAÇÃO DO DMAIC PARA SOLUÇÃO DE LATAS AMASSADAS EM PROCESSOS DE UMA FABRICA DE LEITE EM PÓ / DMAIC METHODS FOR CANS CRUSHED PROBLEM SOLLUTION IN A MILK POWDER INDUSTRY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. da S. Rêgo

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Problemas com latas enferrujadas, amassadas ou estufadas, podem levar a doenças como o botulismo por conterem bactérias que causam infecções alimentares. Na empresa estudada, localizada no interior de São Paulo, como em todas do segmento, o leite em pó é embalado, majoritariamente por latas de alumínio que são revestidas internamente com vernizes e outros materiais visando proteger o leite de metais provenientes do alumínio. Por conseguinte, o objetivo do estudo era a resolução do problema das latas amassadas que para tanto foi utilizado como metodologia um estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa através do método DMAIC desenvolvida pelo Seis Sigma. Foi realizado um levantamento sobre o descarte de latas na empresa verificando-se uma perda média e, a partir desse histórico, calculada uma meta de perda. Com a meta definida calculou-se o saving anual do projeto. Durante a aplicação do DMAIC, ficou constatado que a maior taxa de perda ocorria no transporte entre a fábrica de latas e a fábrica que envasa o leite. Foram realizadas diversas ações para solucionar problemas que resultavam em latas amassadas e, nos dois primeiros meses da fase control, constatou-se perdas menores que a meta calculada, resultando em uma economia. Observou-se que o transporte entre as duas fábricas ainda é impactante no descarte de latas.

  5. Study of casks shielded with heavy metal to transport highly radioactive substances; Estudo de embalados com blindagem em metal pesado para transporte de substancias altamente radioativas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lucchesi, R.F.; Hara, D.H.S.; Martinez, L.G.; Mucsi, C.S.; Rossi, J.L., E-mail: rflguimaraes@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2014-07-01

    Nowadays, Brazil relies on casks produced abroad for transportation in its territory of substances that are sources of high radioactivity, especially the Mo-99. The product of the radioactive decay of the Mo-99 is the Tc-99m, which is used in nuclear medicine for administration to humans in the form of injectable radioactive drugs for the image diagnosis of numerous pathologies. This paper aims to study the existing casks in order to propose materials for the construction of the core part as shielding against gamma radiation. To this purpose, the existing literature on the subject was studied, as well as evaluation of existing and available casks. The study was focused on the core of which is made of heavy metals, especially depleted uranium for shielding the emitted radiation. (author)

  6. Mathematical control theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agrachev, A.A.

    2002-01-01

    This volume is based on the lecture notes of the minicourses given in the frame of the school on Mathematical Control Theory held at the Abdus Salam ICTP from 3 to 28 September 2001. Mathematical Control Theory is a rapidly growing field which provides strict theoretical and computational tools for dealing with problems arising in electrical and aerospace engineering, automatics, robotics, applied chemistry, and biology etc. Control methods are also involved in questions pertaining to the development of countries in the South, such as wastewater treatment, agronomy, epidemiology, population dynamics, control of industrial and natural bio-reactors. Since most of these natural processes are highly nonlinear, the tools of nonlinear control are essential for the modelling and control of such processes. At present regular courses in Mathematical Control Theory are rarely included in the curricula of universities, and very few researchers receive enough background in the field. Therefore it is important to organize specific activities in the form of schools to provide the necessary background for those embarking on research in this field. The school at the Abdus Salam ICTP consisted of several minicourses intended to provide an introduction to various topics of Mathematical Control Theory, including Linear Control Theory (finite and infinite-dimensional), Nonlinear Control, and Optimal Control. The last week of the school was concentrated on applications of Mathematical Control Theory, in particular, those which are important for the development of non-industrialized countries. The school was intended primarily for mathematicians and mathematically oriented engineers at the beginning of their career. The typical participant was expected to be a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher interested in Mathematical Control Theory. It was assumed that participants have sufficient background in Ordinary Differential Equations and Advanced Calculus. The volume

  7. Mathematical control theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Agrachev, A A [Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation); SISSA, Trieste [Italy; ed.

    2002-07-15

    This volume is based on the lecture notes of the minicourses given in the frame of the school on Mathematical Control Theory held at the Abdus Salam ICTP from 3 to 28 September 2001. Mathematical Control Theory is a rapidly growing field which provides strict theoretical and computational tools for dealing with problems arising in electrical and aerospace engineering, automatics, tics, applied chemistry, and biology etc. Control methods are also involved in questions pertaining to the development of countries in the South, such as wastewater treatment, agronomy, epidemiology, population dynamics, control of industrial and natural bio-reactors. Since most of these natural processes are highly nonlinear, the tools of nonlinear control are essential for the modelling and control of such processes. At present regular courses in Mathematical Control Theory are rarely included in the curricula of universities, and very few researchers receive enough background in the field. Therefore it is important to organize specific activities in the form of schools to provide the necessary background for those embarking on research in this field. The school at the Abdus Salam ICTP consisted of several minicourses intended to provide an introduction to various topics of Mathematical Control Theory, including Linear Control Theory (finite and infinite-dimensional), Nonlinear Control, and Optimal Control. The last week of the school was concentrated on applications of Mathematical Control Theory, in particular, those which are important for the development of non-industrialized countries. The school was intended primarily for mathematicians and mathematically oriented engineers at the beginning of their career. The typical participant was expected to be a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher interested in Mathematical Control Theory. It was assumed that participants have sufficient background in Ordinary Differential Equations and Advanced Calculus. The volume contains

  8. Lectures on weak interactions: from Fermi-Majorana-Perrin to Glasgow-Weinberg-Salam and some contributions from Latin American physicists

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, J.L.

    1987-01-01

    Historical aspects on the development of the physics of weak interactions which, after about forty years, converged with quantum electrodynamics to give birth ot the first model of unification of interactions, the so-called electroweak standard model, are presented. (L.C.) [pt

  9. Type IIA string theory on T"6/(Z_2 x Z_6 x ΩR). Model building and string phenomenology with intersecting D6-branes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ecker, Jill

    2016-01-01

    In this doctoral thesis, various aspects of string model building and phenomenology are investigated within the framework of Type IIA string theory on the T"6/(Z_2 x Z_6 x ΩR) orbifold with discrete torsion. The aim is the reproduction of supersymmetric versions of well-known particle physics models using intersecting rigid D6-branes wrapped on fractional three-cycles. The models analyzed include the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model as well as supersymmetric Pati-Salam models, left-right symmetric models and SU(5) models. Systematic computer scans test numerous combinations of intersecting D6-branes in order to detect those that give rise to the correct chiral particle content of the considered models. For each type of the afore mentioned models, concrete examples will be found which satisfy the constraints on the particle spectrum and fulfill all consistency conditions. Finally, the thesis focuses on phenomenological aspects of the particle physics models found, including the detection of massless U(1) combinations, discrete Z_n-symmetries and cubic couplings such as the Yukawa couplings.

  10. Total antioxidant status in women with breast cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mahmood, I.H.; Abdullah, K.S.; Abdullah, M.S.

    2009-01-01

    Objective: To measure the concentration of total antioxidant status (TAS) in women with breast cancer. Methodology: This is a case control study conducted in Al-Salam Hospital and Department of Pharmacology in Mosul Medical College. Twenty women having histologically confirmed breast cancer and twenty age-matched healthy volunteer women participated in the study. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was measured in both groups. Results: Mean TAS of the patient group (0.91 +- 0.32 mmol/l) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that of the control group (1.82 +- 0.14 mmol/l). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that women with breast cancer have a low level of TAS as compared to those of healthy women. It further emphasizes the growing concern that oxidative damage may occur in those patients that exhaust the antioxidant defense of the body leading to a low levels of TAS. Administration of antioxidant supplements such as a combination of vitamins A, C and E are necessary in women at high risk of developing breast cancer or after surgery or with anticancer drugs. (author)

  11. Mathematical and physical aspects of gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatelet, G.; Paris-13 Univ., 93 - Saint-Denis

    1981-01-01

    We present here a survey of gauge theories, trying to relate the main mathematical and physical concepts. Part I is devoted to exhibiting parallel transport and connection as the adequate concepts for the constitution of the parametrized internal space of a particle. A covariant derivative provides the differential calculus, which is needed when one leaves the point-like description in microphysics. Part II deals with the so-called pure gauge theory and sketches the construction of the self-dual solutions of Yang-Mills equations. We briefly explain Guersey's method to get SU 2 self-dual potentials as quarternionic analytic maps from S 4 (first quarternionic projective space) into HPsub(n) (n-dimensional quarternionic projective space). Part III is devoted to the Goldstone's theorem and Higgs' mechanism used to provide a mass to gauge mesons. We describe a Salam-Weinberg model to illustrate these techniques. Part IV deals with the perturbative aspect. The Faddeev-Popov method, formerly conceived as a technique to get correct Feynmann rules, actually leads to a systematic study of the affine space of connections factored out by gauge transformations. (orig.)

  12. Gordon Fraser (1943-2013)

    CERN Document Server

    2013-01-01

    We were deeply saddened to learn that Gordon Fraser had passed away on 3 January. During his 25-year career at CERN, until his retirement in 2002, he made many valuable contributions to the Laboratory, in particular as editor of CERN Courier.   Gordon’s life in science began at Imperial College London, where he obtained a PhD with the theory group of the future Nobel laureate Abdus Salam. He then spent time at Tel Aviv University in Yuval Ne’eman’s group and at Brighton University, before changing career to become a journalist, at first for Computer Weekly in London. He moved into scientific editing at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in 1975 and it was from there that he was hired to join the publications team at CERN in 1977. By 1982 Gordon had become the editor of the CERN Courier. During his time at the helm, both particle physics and the Courier changed considerably. Under his careful stewardship aspects of publishing were outsourced, leading to a...

  13. Top-quark mass coupling and classification of weakly coupled heterotic superstring vacua

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rizos, J.

    2014-06-01

    The quest for the Standard Model among the huge number of string vacua is usually based on a set of phenomenological criteria related to the massless spectrum of string models. In this work we study criteria associated with interactions in the effective low energy theory and in particular with the presence of the coupling that provides mass to the top quark. Working in the context of the free-fermionic formulation of the heterotic superstring, we demonstrate that, in a big class of phenomenologically promising compactifications, these criteria can be expressed entirely in terms of the generalised GSO projection coefficients entering the definition of the models. They are shown to be very efficient in identifying phenomenologically viable vacua, especially in the framework of computer-based search, as they are met by approximately one every models. We apply our results in the investigation of a class of supersymmetric Pati-Salam vacua, comprising configurations, and we show that when combined with other phenomenological requirements they lead to a relatively small set of about Standard Model compatible models that can be fully classified.

  14. Geology of the Sierra de los ajos (Laguna Merin basin, Rocha, Uruguay)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morales, E.; Muzio, R.; Veroslavsky, G.

    2006-01-01

    The studied area is located between Lascano city and Sierra de los Ajos hills (department of Rocha, East Uruguay). It is represented by volcanic deposits correspondent to Puerto Gómez and Arequita Formations which are exposed as remarkable and preserved hills in areas recovered by Cenozoic sediments and wetlands. Detailed geological mapping allowed the descriptive characterization of eight volcanic facies: five coherent facies and three volcaniclastic facies. Several structural lineaments located in a constrictive framework, according to the transcurrent system represented by the northeastern portion of the Santa Lucía - Aiguá - Merín tectonic corridor (SaLAM), were identified. These lineaments (Bella Vista, India Muerta and Los Ajos) controlled the tecto-magmatic arrange in this portion of the basin, determining petrographic and structural differences in the area. Particularly, to the East of the India Muerta with structural trend Nº20 felsic lavas corrrespondent to the Sierra de los Ajos and related volcaniclastic deposits are present. On the other hand to the West, intermediate to felsic lavas occurred and no volcaniclastic deposits have been yet identified

  15. Text Categorization on Hadith Sahih Al-Bukhari using Random Forest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fauzan Afianto, Muhammad; Adiwijaya; Al-Faraby, Said

    2018-03-01

    Al-Hadith is a collection of words, deeds, provisions, and approvals of Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi wa Salam that becomes the second fundamental laws of Islam after Al-Qur’an. As a fundamental of Islam, Muslims must learn, memorize, and practice Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith. One of venerable Imam which was also the narrator of Al-Hadith is Imam Bukhari. He spent over 16 years to compile about 2602 Hadith (without repetition) and over 7000 Hadith with repetition. Automatic text categorization is a task of developing software tools that able to classify text of hypertext document under pre-defined categories or subject code[1]. The algorithm that would be used is Random Forest, which is a development from Decision Tree. In this final project research, the author decided to make a system that able to categorize text document that contains Hadith that narrated by Imam Bukhari under several categories such as suggestion, prohibition, and information. As for the evaluation method, K-fold cross validation with F1-Score will be used and the result is 90%.

  16. Progress report for a research program in theoretical high-energy physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feldman, D.

    1978-01-01

    Last year's research program dealt with a variety of topics including small-p/sub perpendicular/ hadronic phenomenology (dual topological unitarization, Pomeron-f identity hypothesis, t-channel approach to diffraction peak and hadron size, tunneling in Reggeon field theory); bound-state problems in quantum electrodynamics (positronium decay, hyperfine splitting of positronium and muonium); quantum field theory (graph counting, strong-coupling solutions for eikonal problems with SU(2) constraints, unitarity restriction and semi-classical solutions, quark confinement); unified gauge models of weak and electromagnetic interactions (Weinberg-Salam model, exclusion of effective V/sub e/V/sub N/ + A/sub e/A/sub N/ neutral-current interaction, Cabibbo angle and quark mass ratios); bound-state mean field theory (structural equivalence of two-dimensional four-fermion and Yukawa-like models, renormalization of four-dimensional four-fermion models, Fermi theory of weak interactions as a Yang-Mills theory); acoustic detection of cosmic neutrinos; topics in gravitation and cosmology; as well as other studies involving the interactions of elementary particles. A list of publications is included

  17. A review on mathematical methods of conventional and Islamic derivatives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hisham, Azie Farhani Badrol; Jaffar, Maheran Mohd

    2014-12-01

    Despite the impressive growth of risk management tools in financial institutions, Islamic finance remains miles away behind the conventional institutions. Islamic finance products need to comply with the syariah law and prohibitions, therefore they can use fewer of the available risk management tools compared to conventional. Derivatives have proven to be the effective hedging technique and instrument that broadly being used in the conventional institutions to manage their risks. However, derivatives are not generally accepted as the legitimate products in Islamic finance and they remain controversial issues among the Islamic scholars. This paper reviews the evolution of derivatives such as forwards, futures and options and then explores the mathematical models that being used to solve derivatives such as random walk model, asset pricing model that follows Brownian motion and Black-Scholes model. Other than that, this paper also critically discuss the perspective of derivatives from Islamic point of view. In conclusion, this paper delivers the traditional Islamic products such as salam, urbun and istijrar that can be used to create building blocks of Islamic derivatives.

  18. Charged and neutral current production of Δ(1236)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koerner, J.G.; Kobayashi, T.; Avilez, C.

    1977-04-01

    Based on a hybrid quark model approach previously developed by us which employs a q 2 -continuation in terms of generalized meson dominance form factors we study the weak production of the isobar Δ(1236). First we demonstrate that our model is in agreement with the Argonne data on charged current production of the Δ. We then study neutral current Δ-production using four different gauge models, namely the standard Weinberg-Salam model, a vector-like model with six quarks, a five quark model due to Achiman, Koller and Walsh and a variant of the Guersey-Sikivie model. We find that the results for the differential cross-section in the forward region are very sensitive to the structure of the weak neutral current and suggest that measurements in this region constitute a stringent test of weak interaction models. We also calculate the density matrix elements measurable from decay correllations. The density matrix elements are not so sensitive to the models containing some axial contribution whereas the vector-like model shows a behaviour quite distinct from the others. (orig.) [de

  19. Main physical problems of superhigh energy accelerators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lapidus, L.I.

    1979-01-01

    A survey is given of the state and prospects for the scientific researches to be carried out at the largest charged particle accelerators now under construction. The fundamental problems of the elementary particle physics are considered which can be solved on the base of experiments at high-energy accelerators. The problems to be solved involve development of the theory of various quark number, accurate determination of the charged and neutral intermediate vector boson masses in the Weinberg-Salam theory, the problem of production of t-quark, W -+ - and Z deg bosons, Higgs mesons and investigation of their interactions, examination of quark and lepton spectra, studies on the effects of strong interactions. As a result of the investigations on hadrons at maximum momentum transfers, the data on space-time structure at short distances can be obtained. It is emphasized that there are no engineering barriers to the construction of such accelerators. The main problem lies in financial investment. A conclusion is drawn that the next generation of accelerators will be developed on the base of cooperation between many countries [ru

  20. Neutrino interactions - an experimental survey

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Banerjee, S.

    1980-07-01

    Current studies on neutrino interactions are surveyed and important results are summarised. The charged current studies have been refined to understand the nucleonic structure. Together with e-d and ..mu..-p deep inelastic scattering data, these studies establish a scale breaking in these scatterings. This breaking has been attributed to the 1st order correction of QCD and the quantitative checks seem to agree with the theory rather well. Data from a diverging set of experiments have been used to study the coupling constant in neutral current interaction. The coupling constants agree reasonably well with the SU(2)xU(1) model due to Weinberg and Salam. Parity violating effect in e-d scattering has been experimentally demonstrated. There is some evidence of ..mu..-e universality in neutral current interaction. The hadronic distribution has been studied in the frame work of Quark Parton model. The fragmentation functions seem to agree fairly well with the theoritical expectation. However one finds the effect of first order QCD corrections to be important in the transverse momentum distributions. Experimental data are presented in tables.

  1. Yukawa sector of minimal SO(10) unification

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Babu, K.S. [Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University,Stillwater, OK, 74078 (United States); Bajc, Borut [Jožef Stefan Institute,Ljubljana, 1000 (Slovenia); Saad, Shaikh [Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University,Stillwater, OK, 74078 (United States)

    2017-02-28

    We show that in SO(10) models, a Yukawa sector consisting of a real 10{sub H}, a real 120{sub H} and a complex 126{sub H} of Higgs fields can provide a realistic fit to all fermion masses and mixings, including the neutrino sector. Although the group theory of SO(10) demands that the 10{sub H} and 120{sub H} be real, most constructions complexify these fields and impose symmetries exterior to SO(10) to achieve predictivity. The proposed new framework with real10{sub H} and real120{sub H} relies only on SO(10) gauge symmetry, and yet has a limited number of Yukawa parameters. Our analysis shows that while there are restrictions on the observables, a good fit to the entire fermion spectrum can be realized. Unification of gauge couplings is achieved with an intermediate scale Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. Proton decay branching ratios are calculable, with the leading decay modes being p→ν̄π{sup +} and p→e{sup +}π{sup 0}.

  2. Kicking the rugby ball: perturbations of 6D gauged chiral supergravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burgess, C. P.; de Rham, C.; Hoover, D.; Mason, D.; Tolley, A. J.

    2007-02-01

    We analyse the axially symmetric scalar perturbations of 6D chiral gauged supergravity compactified on the general warped geometries in the presence of two source branes. We find that all of the conical geometries are marginally stable for normalizable perturbations (in disagreement with some recent calculations) and the non-conical ones for regular perturbations, even though none of them are supersymmetric (apart from the trivial Salam Sezgin solution, for which there are no source branes). The marginal direction is the one whose presence is required by the classical scaling property of the field equations, and all other modes have positive squared mass. In the special case of the conical solutions, including (but not restricted to) the unwarped 'rugby-ball' solutions, we find closed-form expressions for the mode functions in terms of Legendre and hypergeometric functions. In so doing we show how to match the asymptotic near-brane form for the solution to the physics of the source branes, and thereby how to physically interpret perturbations which can be singular at the brane positions.

  3. CO2 Removal from Multi-component Gas Mixtures Utilizing Spiral-Wound Asymmetric Membranes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Said, W.B.; Fahmy, M.F.M.; Gad, F.K.; EI-Aleem, G.A.

    2004-01-01

    A systematic procedure and a computer program have been developed for simulating the performance of a spiral-wound gas permeate for the CO 2 removal from natural gas and other hydrocarbon streams. The simulation program is based on the approximate multi-component model derived by Qi and Henson(l), in addition to the membrane parameters achieved from the binary simulation program(2) (permeability and selectivity). Applying the multi-component program on the same data used by Qi and Henson to evaluate the deviation of the approximate model from the basic transport model, showing results more accurate than those of the approximate model, and are very close to those of the basic transport model, while requiring significantly less than 1 % of the computation time. The program was successfully applied on the data of Salam gas plant membrane unit at Khalda Petroleum Company, Egypt, for the separation of CO 2 from hydrocarbons in an eight-component mixture to estimate the stage cut, residue, and permeate compositions, and gave results matched with the actual Gas Chromatography Analysis measured by the lab

  4. A composite model of electroweak interactions and its manifestation at current collider energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Craigie, N.S.

    1984-05-01

    We present a preon model based on an ASF confining gauge theory, which has as a low energy effective Lagrangian, an electroweak gauge theory very close to the standard model. However, it is predicted that there are some specific and necessary deviations from the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model. In this preon model, we assume a spontaneous breakdown (or an induced breakdown) of the left-right symmetry, which prevents spin-one composites made up of right-handed fermions propagating well below the composite scale of order 1 TeV. A consequence of this assumption is shown to be the existence of a pion-like scalar, in addition to the Higgs particle of the standard model. Such a particle - it is further claimed - can give rise to single photon events, through a large branching ratio into the channel π → Z γ or if lighter than the Z through Z → π(→νν-bar) + γ. The model also predicts a signal very similar to the associated gluino production one of supersymmetric grand unified theories. (author)

  5. Twisted Spectral Triple for the Standard Model and Spontaneous Breaking of the Grand Symmetry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Devastato, Agostino, E-mail: agostino.devastato@na.infn.it; Martinetti, Pierre, E-mail: martinetti@dima.unige.it [Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica (Italy)

    2017-03-15

    Grand symmetry models in noncommutative geometry, characterized by a non-trivial action of functions on spinors, have been introduced to generate minimally (i.e. without adding new fermions) and in agreement with the first order condition an extra scalar field beyond the standard model, which both stabilizes the electroweak vacuum and makes the computation of the mass of the Higgs compatible with its experimental value. In this paper, we use a twist in the sense of Connes-Moscovici to cure a technical problem due to the non-trivial action on spinors, that is the appearance together with the extra scalar field of unbounded vectorial terms. The twist makes these terms bounded and - thanks to a twisted version of the first-order condition that we introduce here - also permits to understand the breaking to the standard model as a dynamical process induced by the spectral action, as conjectured in [24]. This is a spontaneous breaking from a pre-geometric Pati-Salam model to the almost-commutativegeometryofthestandardmodel,withtwoHiggs-likefields: scalar and vector.

  6. Constraints on lifetime and mass of heavy lepton neutrinos imposed by big bang nucleosynthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miyama, Shoken; Sato, Katsuhiko

    1978-01-01

    If there exist massive neutral leptons (heavy neutrinos), they would have been produced in thermal equilibrium in the early stages of the universe. The effects of their presence and decay on the big bang nucleosynthesis are investigated in detail and abundances of the products 4 He, 2 H and 7 Li are compared with the observed cosmic abundances. We have determined a region in the lifetime-mass diagram of the heavy neutrino which should be ruled out in order for the big bang nucleosynthesis not to conflict with observed abundances of the elements. In addition, if a lower limit of the lifetime obtained from the Weinberg-Salam type theory, tau>=6 x 10 7 (1 MeV/m sub(νh)) 5 sec, is assumed, where m sub(νh) is the mass of the heavy neutrino, the mass range of 70 eV< m sub(νh)<10 MeV is ruled out. The other constraints on the mass and the lifetime obtained from astrophysical considerations are also discussed and summarized. (author)

  7. From the Proton Synchrotron to the Large Hadron Collider: 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics

    CERN Multimedia

    Directorate Office

    As a new era in particle physics approaches with the start of the LHC, a symposium to commemorate many significant events that have marked high-energy physics in the past 50 years will be held at CERN on 3-4 December 2009. The list of confirmed distinguished speakers reads like the Who’s Who of particle physics of the second half of the 20th Century, including the Nobel Laureates James Cronin, Jerome Friedman, Sheldon Glashow, David Gross, Gerardus ‘t Hooft, Leon Lederman, Burton Richter, Carlo Rubbia, Jack Steinberger, Samuel Ting, Martinus Veltman, Stephen Weinberg and Frank Wilczek. They will share with us memories of several landmark events that, over the past 50 years, have shaped our field of science. These events include the discovery of the J/ψ particle by Richter and Ting in the 1970s; the work of Glashow, Salam and Weinberg on the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interactions; the discovery of fundamental asymmetries in the K-meson sector by Cronin and Fitch...

  8. Flavor dynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kobayashi, Makoto

    1980-01-01

    The problems on quark mass and mixing angle are discussed. All discussions are made in the tree approximation, and no renormalization problem is considered. The basic quantities of the Weinberg-Salam (W-S) model are introduced. The model is SU(2) x U(1) gauge theory. The way of constructing the quark parts of Lagrangian, especially their mass terms, is described. The four-quark case is illustrated at first, then the discussion is extended to the general case. As a result, the number of parameters of the Cabibbolike mixing is obtained. The possibility of CP-violation is discussed. Phenomenological analyses are made to determine the parameters. The nuclear beta-decay and semileptonic decay, neutral K-meson system, and the possibility of CP-violation in the six-quark scheme are investigated. In order to understand the close relation between quark mass and mixing angle, the origin of quark mass term is investigated. The original Higgs coupling determines both the quark mass and mixing angle. A remarkable relation is deduced by assuming discrete symmetry. (Kato, T.)

  9. Evolution as a molecular cooperative phenomenon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chela-Flores, J.

    1991-06-01

    We discuss an hypothesis according to which microscopic mechanisms due to cooperation, at the molecular level, may have been key factors in the evolution of life on Earth. We view our hypothesis as a natural extension to the molecular level of viewing cooperation (symbiosis) as an evolutionary driving force; this does not restrict the interpretation of the evolutionary process to be the result of slow accumulation of mutations in the DNA. Some evidence supporting this hypothesis is discussed: (a) The Salam enhancement factor. This molecular phenomenon was recently introduced in order to understand the bases of the first unifying principle of biochemistry, namely that transcription of all known genes in prokaryotes, protists, metazoan, and metaphytes are translated into L-amino acids, except for some bacterial membrane proteins. (b) The role that cooperative phenomena may have played in the origin of evolution itself, i.e., in the resolution of Sagan's ultraviolet paradox. (c) The relationship between evolution and the constraints imposed by embryonic development. This is considered from the point of view of molecular cooperative phenomena. (author). Refs

  10. REVESTIMENTO COMESTÍVEL À BASE DE GOMA XANTANA, COMPOSTOS LIPOFÍLICOS E/OU CLORETO DE CÁLCIO NA CONSERVAÇÃO DE MORANGOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BIANCA SÁVIA FERREIRA LEITE

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar revestimentos comestíveis à base de goma xantana e glicerol, combinada a cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta na conservação de morangos cv. Festival. Os morangos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados e, a seguir, submetidos a diferentes tratamentos de revestimentos à base de goma xantana acrescidos de glicerol, cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta. Os frutos foram secos sob ventilação forçada a 4 ºC, por 15 h, e, posteriormente, embalados em bandejas com tampa de Polietileno Tereftalato (PET e armazenados a 4 ºC, durante 12 dias. Foram realizadas análises de perda de massa, firmeza, luminosidade, tonalidade, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e a incidência de deterioração fúngica. Os diferentes revestimentos utilizados foram eficientes na conservação dos morangos. O tratamento com goma xantana e glicerol apresentou os melhores resultados, pois a influência do ácido oleico ou do óleo essencial de hortelãpimenta, assim como do cloreto de cálcio, não foi significativa. O revestimento de goma xantana proporcionou redução da perda de massa, manutenção da firmeza, cor, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e não estimulou o crescimento fúngico. Desta forma, esta goma apresenta potencial para aplicação como revestimento em morangos, visando a maximizar a vida útil deste produto.

  11. Armazenamento do crambe em diferentes embalagens e ambientes: Parte II - Qualidades química

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana R. Donadon

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens, ambientes e do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de crambe. O crambe, com teor de água de 4,63% (b.u., foi embalado em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD, em garrafas reutilizadas de polietileno tereftalato (PET e em embalagens laminadas as quais foram armazenadas nos ambientes: refrigerado a 10 ± 1,19 °C e 34,84 ± 4,09% de umidade relativa (UR e natural a 24,81 ± 1,82 °C e 54,93 ± 12,77% de umidade relativa (AN. Avaliaram-se, durante nove meses, o teor de óleo e de proteína bruta, os índices de acidez, peróxido e iodo, pH e acidez em álcool solúvel. As sementes acondicionadas em embalagem laminada no AN apresentaram maior teor de proteína bruta no 3° mês e as em AR, maiores índices de peróxido, nos 3° e 6° meses. Em AR, as sementes em embalagens de PEAD apresentaram menor acidez em álcool solúvel. Os teores de proteína bruta e de óleo diminuíram durante o armazenamento, o índice de peróxido e o pH aumentaram e o índice de iodo apresentou variação nos valores. No final do armazenamento os valores de acidez em álcool solúvel eram semelhantes aos do início. O índice de acidez não sofreu interferência das variáveis estudadas.

  12. Aktivitas Ramuan Daun Salam, Herba Pegagan, Akar Alang-Alang dan Biji Pala pada Tikus Hipertensi yang Diinduksi Prednison dan Garam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulfatun Nisa

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia was 25,8%. As much as 70% types of hypertensive patients were mild hypertension. There were some medicinal plants contain single formulation could be used for lowering blood pressure but not in a herbal formulation. This study determined the efficacy of antihypertension herbal formulation that consists of Indonesian bay leaves, Centella herbs, blady grass roots dan nutmeg seeds. This study was an experimental laboratory research with pre and post-test controlled design, used thirty Sprague-Dawley rats that were classified randomly into five groups (negative control group which didn't have treatment, positive control group which consumed captopril 0,25 mg, and three groups which consumed antihypertension herbal formulation with doses of 0,08 g; 0,16 g; and 0,32 g. The rats were induced by prednisone and NaCl 2,5 % for 21 days.  The data were analysed using ANOVA test with CI 95%. After two weeks observation, the results showed that the blood pressure in the negative control group increased,  but in the positive control and treatment groups decreased significantly (p=0,001. In conclusion, the herbal formulation could decrease rat's blood pressure.  

  13. Tomate longa vida desidratado em diferentes temperaturas de secagem = Drying of tomato at different temperatures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurélio Vinicius Borsato

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available A demanda no consumo de tomate desidratado cresceu nos últimos anos,principalmente pela justificativa de que o tomate contém substâncias bioativas. A pesquisa realizada objetivou avaliar três condições de secagem (80oC; 100oC; 100oC por 3h seguida de 80oC, aplicadas ao tomate longa vida cv. Carmem para obtenção de produto desidratadocom umidade residual projetada para 60% do seu peso. Foi usado um secador de pouca capacidade, contendo circulação forçada de ar e cinco bandejas. Os tomates frescos, fatiados e inteiros, renderam em peso de produto desidratado 12,2-13,6% e 7,5-8,5%, respectivamente. O tratamento que aplicou a temperatura de 100ºC por 3h seguida de 80ºCpor 4h e 24min, com a porta fechada do secador, resultou em produto desidratado de boa aparência e sem nenhuma fatia queimada, por isso foi o recomendado para a secagem de fatias de tomate longa vida a cv. Carmem.The demand for the consumption of dried tomatoes has grown in recent years, especially under the justification that tomatoes contain allegedly healthy bioactive substances. The research aimed to evaluatethree drying conditions (80oC; 100oC; 100oC for 3h followed by 80oC applied to cv. Carmem long-life tomatoes in order to obtain a dehydrated product with a projected residual humidity of 60% in weight. A small-capacity dryer was used, equipped with forcedaircirculation and five trays. The fresh tomatoes, both sliced and whole, yielded 12.2-13.6% and 7.5-8.5% in weight of dehydrated product, respectively. The treatment consisting in the application of a temperature of 100ºC for 3h followed by 80ºC for 4h and 24min, with the door of the dryer closed, resulted in a dehydrated product with good appearance and without any burned slices; therefore, it was recommended for drying cv. Carmem long-life tomato slices.

  14. Propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais de embutidos fermentados formulados com diferentes proporções de carne suína e de ovelhas de descarte Physico-chemical and sensorial properties of fermented sausages formulated with different proportions of meat from swine and culling ewes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poliana François

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a inclusão de diferentes níveis de carne de ovelhas de descarte (animais Texel × Ile de France com idade superior a seis anos em relação à carne suína sobre a qualidade de embutidos fermentados do tipo salame. Os embutidos foram elaborados com 0, 15, 35, 55 ou 75% de carne da perna, paleta e pescoço das ovelhas, acrescidos de pernil suíno e 10% de toucinho suíno. A evolução do pH e da atividade de água (a w foi avaliada nos dias zero, três, sete e 14 após o embutimento. Após a maturação dos salames, foram determinadas, ainda, a perda de peso, a qualidade microbiológica e as características sensoriais dos embutidos prontos. A inclusão de carne ovina na formulação não alterou a evolução do pH e a w. Entretanto, influenciou (PThe influence of including different proportions of meat from swine and culling ewes on the quality of fermented sausage type salami was evaluated. Five different formulations were prepared containing 0, 15, 35, 55, or 75% of meat from leg, shoulder, and neck of the ewes, added of swine meat and 10% of swine fat. Evolution of pH and water activity (a w was evaluated on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the maturation period. After that, it was still determined the weight loss, microbiological quality, and the sensorial features of the sausages. The inclusion of sheep meat in the formulation did not changed pH and a w evolution. However, differences in final values of pH, a w, and weight loss were found (P<0.05. Sausages with sheep meat in the formulation had lower pH than that without sheep meat. The control sausage (0% sheep meat also showed lower a w and a greater weight loss than sausage with 15% of sheep meat. All formulations attended the actual legislation about microbiological quality. In the sensorial analysis, the sausage prepared with 15% of sheep meat in the formulation was considered better than that formulated just with swine meat in relation to color, flavor, and texture features

  15. Atmosfera modificada e controle de etileno para bananas 'Prata-Anã' cultivadas na Amazônia Setentrional Brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos André de Souza Prill

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da atmosfera modificada (AM pelo uso de embalagem plástica de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD, do vácuo e da adsorção de etileno, visando à manutenção da qualidade das bananas 'Prata-Anã' produzidas em Roraima. As análises foram realizadas em intervalos de 5 dias após a colheita, até 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado (AR. Verificou-se que os frutos submetidos a embalagem de PEBD apresentaram as menores perdas de massa fresca quando comparados aos demais. Da mesma forma, os frutos embalados na presença do adsorvedor de etileno obtiveram a melhor manutenção na coloração da casca, atraso temporal, do pico climatérico, assim como o retardamento na degradação do amido, os menores incrementos de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável, as menores concentrações de etileno nos interiores das embalagens e atraso temporal e a diminuição da atividade enzimática. Isso, possivelmente, proporcionou os maiores teores de pectina total e solúvel ao final do período experimental. A combinação do uso da embalagem de PEBD com o sachê de permanganato de potássio (KMnO4 resultou no retardamento do processo de maturação dos frutos de banana 'Prata-Anã', quando armazenada a 12 ºC. Pode-se atribuir esse efeito benéfico à presença do sachê na adsorção de etileno e, consequentemente, na ação do etileno no amadurecimento dos frutos, retardando a senescência das bananas 'Prata-Anã'.

  16. AVALIAÇÃO DA PERCEPÇÃO E PREFERÊNCIA DOS CONSUMIDORES EM RELAÇÃO A QUEIJO PRATO Evaluation of perception and consumer preferences in connection with Prato cheese

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rejiane Avelar Bastos

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Foi conduzida uma pesquisa de mercado, por meio de entrevistas com consumidores da cidade de Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais, em diferentes locais de comercialização de queijos Prato, com objetivo de avaliar a percepção e preferência dos consumidores em relação a queijos Pratos produzidos por laticínios do sul de Minas Gerais. Foi verificado que o queijo Prato é aceito pelos consumidores devido à qualidade sensorial e pelo fato de que os consumidores encontram este produto com facilidade. O tipo de queijo Prato preferido pelos consumidores é o queijo Prato minilanche, a maioria o adquire embalado e o consomem no lanche. A maioria das pessoas entrevistadas afirmou que as embalagens/rótulos de queijo Prato são ótimas ou boas, sendo que o tamanho, praticidade e conveniencia, são os principais pontos positivos das embalagens. Entretanto, as embalagens/rótulos de queijo Prato precisam ser analisadas, mantendo as características que são consideradas pontos positivos e adequando-as para a eliminação dos pontos negativos, uma vez que foi verificado que 29% dos consumidores acham que as embalagens são péssimas ou regulares, podendo influenciar de maneira negativa na compra do produto. Conclui-se em geral que o queijo Prato apresenta boa aceitação. Os queijos produzidos na região do Sul de Minas Gerais no mercado de Lavras, MG, apresentam boa competitividade no mercado em relação a sua qualidade e aceitação sensorial. Entretanto existem pontos negativos que podem ser melhorados para aumento da competitividade e afirmação das mesmas no mercado, como por exemplo, suas embalagens.

  17. Qualidade e segurança do morango produzido nos sistemas convencional, orgânico e produção integrada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Aparecida Lima

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available A qualidade de morangos oriundos de três sistemas de produção no Brasil foi avaliada nas safras de 2010 e 2011, com frutos colhidos de plantas conduzidas sob: Produção Convencional, sistema tradicional de cultivo, não regido por normas específicas; Produção Integrada de Morango (PIMo e Produção Orgânica, sendo ambos os sistemas de certificação por adesão voluntária, regidos por normas técnicas específicas. Utilizaram-se frutos in natura de morangueiros das variedades Oso Grande, adquiridos já embalados em bandejas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET com capacidade de 300 a 400 g, no local de produção. Os produtores dos sistemas orgânico e PIMo foram comprovados por certificação. Os morangos foram armazenados em condição ambiente (23 ±2ºC e 65 ±5% UR e avaliados quanto à segurança (análise multiresíduo e à qualidade pós-colheita. O comprometimento dos produtores PIMo, na safra 2010, e orgânicos, nas safras de 2010 e 2011, foi evidenciado pelo resultado das análises multiresíduos. Os produtos do sistema convencional apresentaram, em ambas as safras, resíduos de produtos não autorizados para a cultura e falhas no sistema de cultivo. Os morangos orgânicos nas safras de 2010 e 2011 e, PIMo na de 2010 apresentaram melhor resultado quanto à segurança alimentar que os convencionais, porém resultados iguais nos demais parâmetros avaliados.

  18. EMBALAGEM PLÁSTICA CONTENDO POLIAMIDA 6 PARA PRODUTOS CÁRNEOS E QUEIJOS: MIGRAÇÃO DE CAPROLACTAMA E EFEITO DA IRRADIAÇÃO. UMA REVISÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Silva FÉLIX

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available

    As poliamidas são muito usadas como embalagem de alimentos, principalmente devido à resistência mecânica, térmica, química e à gordura, às boas propriedades de barreira e por serem termoformáveis. Filmes mono ou multicamadas contendo poliamida 6 são usados especialmente no acondicionamento de produtos cárneos e queijos. A caprolactama, monômero da poliamida 6, assim como oligômeros de baixa massa molecular, aditivos, compostos de degradação, entre outros, também podem estar presentes nas embalagens e têm potencial para migrar para o alimento em contato. O emprego da poliamida 6 como embalagem plástica para contato com alimentos é permitido no Brasil, na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, estando também autorizado o uso para contato com alimentos pré-embalados que serão submetidos à radiação ionizante. Apesar da baixa toxicidade, a presença de caprolactama em alimentos é considerada indesejável. A migração da caprolactama de embalagens de poliamida para alimentos e simulante de alimentos tem sido relatada em alguns estudos. Os níveis de caprolactama migrados variam dependendo da composição da embalagem, do tempo e temperatura de contato, do tipo de simulante ou alimento, entre outros fatores. A migração de caprolactama de embalagens de poliamida irradiadas está ainda relacionada à dose de irradiação, mas de maneira geral, mostra tendência de redução com o aumento da dose.

  19. Temperatura e embalagem para abóbora minimamente processada Temperature and packaging of minimally processed pumpkin (Curcubita moschata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Veruska Cruzda Silva

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar temperaturas de armazenamento e embalagens para abóbora minimamente processada. Pedaços de abóbora foram cortados em tamanho de 5 x 10 cm, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno recobertas com filme polivinilcloreto e em embalagem de polietileno de alta densidade a vácuo. O produto foi mantido a 5 e 10 °C por um período de 12 dias. A cada três dias avaliou-se o teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, pH, vitamina C e coloração. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas entre as duas temperaturas de refrigeração utilizadas na conservação da abóbora. Entretanto, a embalagem com filme PVC permitiu maior conservação dos atributos de qualidade da abóbora até o 9º dia, com exceção da cor, que sofreu menores alterações quando usada embalagem a vácuo.The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different storage temperatures and packing materials for pumpkin fresh cuts. Pumpkin cuts of 5 x 10 cm were packed in polystyrene trays covered with polivynilchloride film or in vacuum high density polyethylene bags. The trays and bags were kept at 5 and 10 °C for 12 days. Soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, and color of pumpkin cuts were evaluated every 3 days. The different temperatures did not affect the storage of the pumpkins. However, packaging with PVC film allowed a longer conservation by keeping the pumpkin quality attributes up to the 9th day, except for the color which undergone minor alterations when stored within a vacuum pack.

  20. Baryon-plus-lepton number violation at high temperatures for arbitrary Higgs mass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Xu.

    1992-01-01

    In this thesis, baryon-plus lepton (B + L) number violation in the electroweak theory of the Weinberg-Salam model is systematically studied. B + L number non-conservation in the electroweak theory is believed to be a consequence of the axial U(1) anomaly. It is argued that sphaleron, not instanton dominates the topological vacuum-to-vacuum transitions for B + L number change at high temperatures. The rate of change is reduced to a dimensionless prefactor κ which is related to the determinants of small fluctuations around the sphaleron configuration. And κ is exactly computed at high temperatures exploiting symmetries of sphaleron under spatial rotations combined with isospin and custodial SU(2) transformations. For the ratio λ/g 2 of scalar four point coupling λ to gauge coupling g 2 near unity, it is found that κ is 0.03 and the rate of B + L number change at temperatures of order 1 Tev is about 8 to 9 orders of magnitude faster than the expansion rate of the big band theory. For λ/g 2 very small tending to the Coleman-Weinberg limit, it is found that the determinant strongly suppresses the rate of baryon number changing processes

  1. Study of neutrino-electron scattering at LAMPF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potter, M.E.

    1987-01-01

    Using a beam stop source of ν e from stopped μ + A decay located at the Clinton B. Anderson Meson Physics Facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a measurement of the reaction ν e + e - → ν e +e - was performed. In the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow model of electroweak interactions, the above reaction is mediated both by the exchange of a Z boson (neutral-current) and the exchange of a W boson (charged-current), and is thus sensitive to the interference between these two exchanges. A total of 304 ± 49 ν x e events are identified of which 254 ± 50 are attributed to ν e e elastic scattering. The observed event rate rules out the opposite sign of the interference by 4.6σ and is consistent with the interference predicted by the WSG model. The measured cross-section is σ(ν e e) = |11.8 ± 2.5(stat) ± 1.2(syst)| x 10 -42 cm 2 x E ν (GeV) with a measured Weinberg angle of sin 2 Θ ω = 0.31 ± 0.08 (stat) ±0.03(syst)

  2. Top-quark mass coupling and classification of weakly coupled heterotic superstring vacua

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rizos, J.

    2014-01-01

    The quest for the Standard Model among the huge number of string vacua is usually based on a set of phenomenological criteria related to the massless spectrum of string models. In this work we study criteria associated with interactions in the effective low energy theory and in particular with the presence of the coupling that provides mass to the top quark. Working in the context of the free-fermionic formulation of the heterotic superstring, we demonstrate that, in a big class of phenomenologically promising Z 2 x Z 2 compactifications, these criteria can be expressed entirely in terms of the generalised GSO projection coefficients entering the definition of the models. They are shown to be very efficient in identifying phenomenologically viable vacua, especially in the framework of computer-based search, as they are met by approximately one every 10 4 models. We apply our results in the investigation of a class of supersymmetric Pati-Salam vacua, comprising 10 16 configurations, and we show that when combined with other phenomenological requirements they lead to a relatively small set of about 10 7 Standard Model compatible models that can be fully classified. (orig.)

  3. Hydrochemical and multivariate analysis of groundwater quality in the northwest of Sinai, Egypt.

    Science.gov (United States)

    El-Shahat, M F; Sadek, M A; Salem, W M; Embaby, A A; Mohamed, F A

    2017-08-01

    The northwestern coast of Sinai is home to many economic activities and development programs, thus evaluation of the potentiality and vulnerability of water resources is important. The present work has been conducted on the groundwater resources of this area for describing the major features of groundwater quality and the principal factors that control salinity evolution. The major ionic content of 39 groundwater samples collected from the Quaternary aquifer shows high coefficients of variation reflecting asymmetry of aquifer recharge. The groundwater samples have been classified into four clusters (using hierarchical cluster analysis), these match the variety of total dissolvable solids, water types and ionic orders. The principal component analysis combined the ionic parameters of the studied groundwater samples into two principal components. The first represents about 56% of the whole sample variance reflecting a salinization due to evaporation, leaching, dissolution of marine salts and/or seawater intrusion. The second represents about 15.8% reflecting dilution with rain water and the El-Salam Canal. Most groundwater samples were not suitable for human consumption and about 41% are suitable for irrigation. However, all groundwater samples are suitable for cattle, about 69% and 15% are suitable for horses and poultry, respectively.

  4. Quarks and leptons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Harari, H.

    1977-01-01

    The physics of quarks and leptons within the framework of gauge theories for the weak and electromagnetic interactions is reviewed. The Weinberg-Salam SU(2)xU(1) theory is used as a ''reference point'' but models based on larger gauge groups, especially SU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R)xU(1), are discussed. We distinguish among three ''Generations'' of fundamental fermions: The first generation (e - , νsub(e), u, d), the second generation (μ - , νsub(μ), c, s) and the third generation (tau - , νsub(tau), t, b). For each generation are discussed the classification of all fermions, the charged and neutral weak currents, possible right-handed currents, parity and CP-violation, fermion masses and Cabibbo-like angles and related problems. Theoretical ideas as well as experimental evidence, emphasizing open theoretical problems and possible experimental tests are reviewed, as well as the possibility of unifying the weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions in a grand unification scheme. The problems and their possible solutions are presented, generation by generation, but a brief subject-index (following the table of contents) enbales the interested reader to follow any specific topic throughout the three generations. (author)

  5. Workshop on materials science and the physics of non-conventional energy sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furlan, G.; Nobili, D.; Sayigh, A.M.; Seraphin, B.O.

    1989-01-01

    The non-conventional energy activities started in 1974, on the island of Procida, Italy. About 50 leading physicists and engineers got together for two weeks in September to discuss the states of the art and consult with each other about various devices and ways of energy conversion. The esteemed Nobel Prize Laureate, Professor Abdus Salam, accepted to have the first meeting on non-conventional energy at the ICTP, Trieste, in September 1977. In 1987, the meeting was once again back in Trieste, Italy. Also, during the even years since 1978 until 1986, meetings were held in Trieste in the French language. The results of the last 10 years at ICTP are very clear to all fellow scientist and engineers. Some 150 applicants are chosen every year. The workshop is being graded gradually to emphasize the high technology and up-to-date achievements in the field. A good proportion of the physicists who were with us from the beginning are now top experts in the field and in charge of existing programmes in their own countries. The present programme emphasized the following topics: Material Science; Solar Energy Conversion with concentration on Photovoltaic Conversion; and Energy Storage. Refs, figs and tabs

  6. Improved search for μ → eγ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cooper, M.D.; Hogan, G.E.; Ritter, M.W.

    1985-01-01

    The search for muon flavor-violating processes such as μ → eγ has been substantially more successful during the past decade because the recent generation of experiments offers new limits that are three orders of magnitude better than the older ones. The lack of a good reason for muon number conservation in modern gauge theories motivates these efforts. The discovery of such a reaction would herald a new type of interaction; its nondiscovery, even with increasingly better limits, restricts the types of models we can build to explain other phenomena. The reasons for undertaking this experiment are even more relevant now. Violations of the standard weak-interaction model of Weinberg and Salam may be showing up at the CERN collider, and such events may indicate a rich physics beyond our current knowledge. As a consequence, we are trying to design a rare-muon-decay experiment that pushes the sensitivity for the reaction μ →e γ to 7x10 -14 (90% C.L.). There is no definite proposal as yet as to how to reach this goal, but a proof of principle is almost in hand

  7. Changes in snow cover over China in the 21st century as simulated by a high resolution regional climate model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi Ying; Gao Xuejie; Wu Jia; Giorgi, Filippo

    2011-01-01

    On the basis of the climate change simulations conducted using a high resolution regional climate model, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model, RegCM3, at 25 km grid spacing, future changes in snow cover over China are analyzed. The simulations are carried out for the period of 1951–2100 following the IPCC SRES A1B emission scenario. The results suggest good performances of the model in simulating the number of snow cover days and the snow cover depth, as well as the starting and ending dates of snow cover to the present day (1981–2000). Their spatial distributions and amounts show fair consistency between the simulation and observation, although with some discrepancies. In general, decreases in the number of snow cover days and the snow cover depth, together with postponed snow starting dates and advanced snow ending dates, are simulated for the future, except in some places where the opposite appears. The most dramatic changes are found over the Tibetan Plateau among the three major snow cover areas of Northeast, Northwest and the Tibetan Plateau in China.

  8. Neutrino masses, lepton number violation and unification

    CERN Document Server

    Barbieri, Riccardo

    1980-01-01

    Theories with parity as a short-distance symmetry lead rather naturally to a small but non-vanishing nu L/sub 2/ mass. A reference formula for the size of the effect is m/sub nu / approximately=m/sup 2 //M with M a huge Majorana mass of the nu /sub R/ field, associated with the breaking of the group down to SU(3)*SU(2)*U(1) and m a typical quark mass, most likely that of charge 2/3. This is because of the Pati-Salam SU(4) which relates neutrinos with charge 2/3 quarks, and is contained in the prototypes of these theories, SO(10) or E/sub 6/. Ten GeV for m requires M approximately=10/sup 11/ GeV in order to saturate the cosmological bound (m/sub nu / of a few eV). This value is not too far from the currently preferred mass approximately=10/sup 14/ GeV of the superheavy gauge bosons. In view of these concepts, the search for neutrino oscillations appears to be of overwhelming importance. A combined effort in all different kinds of possible experiments (reactors, accelerators, deep mines, and solar neutrino obse...

  9. θ13PMNS=θC/√(2) from GUTs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Antusch, Stefan; Gross, Christian; Maurer, Vinzenz; Sluka, Constantin

    2013-01-01

    The recent observations of the leptonic mixing angle θ 13 PMNS are consistent with θ 13 PMNS =θ C /√(2) (with θ C being the Cabibbo angle θ 12 CKM ). We discuss how this relation can emerge in Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) via charged lepton corrections. The key ingredient is that in GUTs the down-type quark Yukawa matrix and the charged lepton Yukawa matrix are generated from the same set of GUT operators, which implies that the resulting entries are linked and differ only by group-theoretical Clebsch factors. This allows a link θ 12 e ≈θ C to be established, which can induce θ 13 PMNS ≈θ C /√(2) provided that the 1–3 mixing in the neutrino mass matrix is much smaller than θ C . We find simple conditions under which θ 13 PMNS ≈θ C /√(2) can arise via this link in SU(5) GUTs and Pati–Salam models. We also discuss possible corrections to the exact relation. Using lepton mixing sum rules different neutrino mixing patterns can be distinguished by their predictions for the Dirac CP phase δ PMNS .

  10. A study of inclusive neutrino interactions in a marble target

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panman, J.

    1981-01-01

    In this thesis the results of an analysis of neutrino and antineutrino interactions on nuclei are presented. The data were taken with the calorimeter of the Amsterdam-CERN-Hamburg-Moscow-Rome (CHARM) collaboration at the narrow-band beam of the CERN SPS. The detector combines a large target mass with a high power of pattern recognition. The presently accepted theory of weak interactions of Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg is introduced. Applications of the quark-parton model in the context of deep-inelastic neutrino interactions on nuclei are summarized. The properties of the narrow-band neutrino beam at CERN, which are relevant for the experiment are given. The neutrino energy spectrum and the flux monitors are described. Measurements of total cross-sections are presented. From the ratios of neutral-current and charged-current cross-sections of neutrinos and antineutrinos the coupling constants of the weak neutral-current are deduced. Some details of the methods used in the analysis of differential distributions are discussed. The differential charged-current cross-sections dsigma/dy and dsigma/dx are measured. Finally, the analysis of the structure functions is presented in terms of x and Q 2 . (Auth.)

  11. Adaptation of the TH Epsilon Mu formalism for the analysis of the equivalence principle in the presence of the weak and electroweak interaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fennelly, A. J.

    1981-01-01

    The TH epsilon mu formalism, used in analyzing equivalence principle experiments of metric and nonmetric gravity theories, is adapted to the description of the electroweak interaction using the Weinberg-Salam unified SU(2) x U(1) model. The use of the TH epsilon mu formalism is thereby extended to the weak interactions, showing how the gravitational field affects W sub mu (+ or -1) and Z sub mu (0) boson propagation and the rates of interactions mediated by them. The possibility of a similar extension to the strong interactions via SU(5) grand unified theories is briefly discussed. Also, using the effects of the potentials on the baryon and lepton wave functions, the effects of gravity on transition mediated in high-A atoms which are electromagnetically forbidden. Three possible experiments to test the equivalence principle in the presence of the weak interactions, which are technologically feasible, are then briefly outline: (1) K-capture by the FE nucleus (counting the emitted X-ray); (2) forbidden absorption transitions in high-A atoms' vapor; and (3) counting the relative Beta-decay rates in a suitable alpha-beta decay chain, assuming the strong interactions obey the equivalence principle.

  12. Precision experiments in electroweak interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swartz, M.L.

    1990-03-01

    The electroweak theory of Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam (GWS) has become one of the twin pillars upon which our understanding of all particle physics phenomena rests. It is a brilliant achievement that qualitatively and quantitatively describes all of the vast quantity of experimental data that have been accumulated over some forty years. Note that the word quantitatively must be qualified. The low energy limiting cases of the GWS theory, Quantum Electrodynamics and the V-A Theory of Weak Interactions, have withstood rigorous testing. The high energy synthesis of these ideas, the GWS theory, has not yet been subjected to comparably precise scrutiny. The recent operation of a new generation of proton-antiproton (p bar p) and electron-positron (e + e - ) colliders has made it possible to produce and study large samples of the electroweak gauge bosons W ± and Z 0 . We expect that these facilities will enable very precise tests of the GWS theory to be performed in the near future. In keeping with the theme of this Institute, Physics at the 100 GeV Mass Scale, these lectures will explore the current status and the near-future prospects of these experiments

  13. Towards a canonical Fermi mass matrix for a pure generation structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davidson, A.; Wali, K.C.

    1981-01-01

    Vertical constraints on the horizontal generation structure are discussed. The minimal electro/nuclear scheme for which the generation structure must be pure is identified to be the partially unified Pati-Salam SU(4)sub(C)xSU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R). SO(10) type unification furthermore requires the horizontal group factor to be axial. This in turn crucially affects the Yukawa couplings in such a way that a minimal Higgs system with oply two conventional scalars is capable of uniquely giving rise to the 'canonical' Fritzsch-type mass matrix, for any arbitrary number of fermionic families. The anomaly free equations then provide the desired one-to-one correspondence between the mass matrices in the two charged quark sectors. The derived horizontal quantum numbers suggest that the maximal horizontal group factor be SU(2), with the generations furnishing two neighbor j and j + 1/2 representations. Finally a careful phase analysis shows that the tree-level soft and superweak CP-violation solely reflects the non-Abelian character of the horizontal group, representing an induced internal rotation which is triggered by the phase elimination performed in the vertical sector. (author)

  14. DAYA HAMBAT SARI TANAMAN OBAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STRAIN Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dwi Hilda Putri

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus infection can be treated with Methicilin, β lactam class of antibiotics that have drug targets in the cell wall. Bacteria S. aureus that is resistant to methicillin called methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA. One alternative that can be used in strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have this is to use medicinal plants. This study aimed to know the ability of medicinal plant extracts inhibit the growth of bacterial strains of MRSA. This kind of research is experimental research. Medicinal plants tested were Garlic, Turmeric, Aloe Vera, Daun Salam, Curcuma, Ginger, Betel Leaf and Alpinia galanga. As a control, which is used Amphicillin, β lactam antibiotic class. The method used to determine the diameter of inhibition area of medicinal plant extracts is paper diffusion method. The results showed that all medicinal plants can inhibit bacterial growth of MRSA strains characterized by the inhibition zone formed on each treatment. The ability of garlic and turmeric extract better than Amphicillin and other medicinal plants to inhibit bacterial growth of MRSA strains. Kata kunci: inhibit,  growth, bacteria, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA

  15. Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nima Assad

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark (3,12/3, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati–Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron–antineutron oscillation experiments.

  16. ANALISIS NORMATIF-FILOSOFIS FATWA DEWAN SYARI’AH NASIONAL MAJELIS ULAMA’ INDONESIA (DSN-MUI TENTANG TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI PADA BANK SYARI’AH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nur Fathoni

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available DSN-MUI uses trade transactions in Islamic financial institutions in order to avoid interest rate system. Moral and legal issues had became the important thing in the formulation of trade transaction in syariah banking, since the concern about the system of interest that still exist in syariah banking’s trade transaction. This means that the trade transaction on syariah banking according to fatwa DSN-MUI still contains usury (riba. This paper intends to explore the important things about the rules and practices of trade transaction on the syariah banking according to DSN-MUI. This study concluded that DSN-MUI performs ijtihād taṭbīqī to facilitate the concept of trade operations on syariah banking. DSN-MUI’s fatwa about trade transaction appears to correspond to a normative concept of fiqh. It's just that there is ambiguity in the salam and istithnā' contract and less attention to the philosophy of trade. The trade transactions were reduced as provision of funds for purchasing of goods, with multi contract institutions. The use of supporting contracts that are not true will potentially lead to morality inconsistencies in trade transactions.

  17. Model-independent determination of hadronic neutral-current couplings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Claudson, M.; Paschos, E.A.; Strait, J.; Sulak, L.R.

    1979-01-01

    Completion of a second generation of experiments on neutrino-induced neutral-current reactions allows a more discriminating study of neutral-current couplings to hadrons. To minimize the sensitivity to model-dependent analyses of inclusive and exclusive pion data, we base our work on measurements of deep-inelastic and elastic reactions alone. Within the regions allowed by the deep-inelastic data for scattering on isoscalar targets, the coupling constants are fit to the q 2 dependence of the neutrino-proton elastic scattering data. This procedure initially yields two solutions for the couplings. One of these, at theta/sub L/ = 55 0 and theta/sub R/ = 205 0 , is predominantly isoscalar and therefore is ruled out by only qualitative consideration of exclusive pion data. The other solution at theta/sub D/ = 140 0 and and theta/sub R/ = 330 0 , is thus a unique determination of the hadronic neutral-current couplings. It coincides with solution A obtained in earlier work, and is insensitive to variations of M/sub A/ within 2 standard deviations of the world average. When constrained to the coupling constants required by the Weinberg-Salam model, the fit agrees with the data to within 1 standard deviation

  18. Standard model treatment of the radiative corrections to the neutron β-decay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bunatyan, G.G.

    2003-01-01

    Starting with the basic Lagrangian of the Standard Model, the radiative corrections to the neutron β-decay are acquired. The electroweak interactions are consistently taken into consideration amenably to the Weinberg-Salam theory. The effect of the strong quark-quark interactions on the neutron β-decay is parametrized by introducing the nucleon electromagnetic form factors and the weak nucleon transition current specified by the form factors g V , g A , ... The radiative corrections to the total decay probability W and to the asymmetry coefficient of the momentum distribution A are obtained to constitute δW ∼ 8.7 %, δA ∼ -2 %. The contribution to the radiative corrections due to allowance for the nucleon form factors and the nucleon excited states amounts up to a few per cent of the whole value of the radiative corrections. The ambiguity in description of the nucleon compositeness is surely what causes the uncertainties ∼ 0.1 % in evaluation of the neutron β-decay characteristics. For now, this puts bounds to the precision attainable in obtaining the element V ud of the CKM matrix and the g V , g A , ... values from experimental data processing

  19. Heavy mesons spectroscopy and new quarks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalho, H.F. de.

    1977-12-01

    The spectroscopy of new heavy mesons with masses above 2.8 GeV in the context of the asymptoticallty free gauge theories is analysed. To this end a power -law confinement potential is chosen. It is shown that the charmonium spectroscopy is best described by a potential where the exponent is around 0.5. It is observed that the spin-spin interaction is problematic. A possible interpretation of the γ resonances in the neighbourhood of 10 GeV is also discussed. The possible consequences of the existence of heavy quarks beyond charm with special reference to the processes initiated by neutral currents is also discussed. The present results on processes initiated by neutral current effects does not require introduction of right-handed heavy quarks beyond charm. Inclusion of the sea-quark contribution improves the agreements of the results of the Salam-Weinberg model with the recently observed results from CERN where 'ν anomaly' was not seen. The recently discovered γ resonances probably indicate the existence of heavy quarks probably with left handed coupling. Some preliminary study of this possibility was also carried out. (Author) [pt

  20. International research centre launched

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1965-01-01

    Full text: The first scientific research and educational institution to be set up on a completely international basis was officially inaugurated in Trieste on 5 October 1964 by the Director General of IAEA, Dr. Sigvard Eklund, when he opened the first seminar of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. As evidence of the international nature of the institution he noted that the scientists who would work and teach there during the first year represented sixteen different countries. By the end of 1964, the Centre building was nearing completion and three of the five floors were occupied. A successful symposium had been held on the subject of plasma physics, and a score of professors and fellows were at work, from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Greece, India, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A dozen scientific papers had been issued as preprints. The main purpose of the Centre is to foster the advancement of theoretical physics through training and research; at first the chief subject will be high-energy and elementary particle physics. Plasma physics, low energy physics and solid-state physics will also be dealt with. Special attention is paid to the needs of the developing countries. Of the 25 fellows selected for the academic year 1964-65, more than half are from South America, Africa and Asia. In conjunction with the Research Centre, there is an Advanced School for theoretical Physics to provide graduate training for fellows who need such preparation before they embark upon research. The Centre works under the guidance of a Scientific Council comprising the president, Prof. M. Sandoval-Vallarta (Nuclear Energy Commission of Mexico); Prof. A. Abragam (Saclay, France); Prof. R. Oppenheimer (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA); Dr. V. Soloviev (Dubna, USSR); Prof V.F. Weiskopf (Director General, CERN) ; Prof Abdus Salam (Imperial College, London) ; Prof. P. Budini (University of Trieste