The experience of an United Nations Military Observer in Western Sahara / A experiência de observador militar da ONU no Saara Ocidental

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Sylvio de Souza Ferreira

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The Western Sahara issue is the most recent, lasting and unresolved case of decolonization in African continent, in the midst of the 21st Century. It is a non- governed territory, located in the northwest portion of Saharan Africa and it has been under UN custody since 1991, when MINURSO had been established. In this regard, this article has as main motivation to communicate the experience of an UN Military Observer, emphasizing peculiar and practical aspects, as well as perceptions in the performance of this appointment. It is an internal vision of the reality of the Peace Operation, the individual and the professional of the UN. In order to do so, this article uses a qualitative approach deploying methodologies such as participant observation and the descriptive case study. It comprises an introduction, which aims to enlighten the reader to the question, a characterization of the area, a historical review of the case, a section of exposure of the methodology and the experience of one of the authors as a UN Military Observer in the Western Sahara itself. Finally, considerations are made at the conclusion. A questão do Saara Ocidental constitui o caso de descolonização mais recente, duradouro e não-resolvido do continente africano, em pleno século XXI. Trata-se de um território não-governado, localizado na porção noroeste da África Saariana e encontra-se sob custódia da ONU desde 1991, quando da implantação da MINURSO. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como principal motivação comunicar a experiência no exercício da função de observador militar da ONU, sublinhando aspectos peculiares e práticos, bem como percepções no desempenho dessa função. É uma visão interna da realidade de uma Operação de Paz, do indivíduo e do profissional da Organização. Para tanto, o artigo utiliza abordagem qualitativa na metodologia empregada e aspectos da observação participante e do estudo de caso descritivo. É composto por uma

Ecological observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India

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S.K. Das

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827 were undertaken in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India during the monsoons (July following quadrat sampling that was time-constrained. The study revealed that the area is one of the preferable habitats for the species. A population analysis showed that the relative abundance of the subadults was higher, followed by juveniles and adults during the study period. The beginning of activity of the lizards was found to vary over the study period depending on prevailing weather conditions. The activity pattern was bimodal, except across rain events. The study revealed two important ecological findings about these lizards; complete sealing of burrow during rains which differed from partial sealing on normal days and complete diurnal cycle of body colour changes during the monsoon. Feeding was the predominant activity of this lizard followed by basking, resting and chasing each other. The adult lizards were found to be strictly herbivorous, in spite of an abundance of insects available in the area during the period. Subadults and juveniles were found to eat both plant parts, as well as insects. Microhabitat use such as inside grass clumps was found to be higher followed by barren ground, under shade and on stones.

Suur-Helsingi 2050

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Rahvusvahelise ideekonkursi "Suur-Helsingi 2050" 109 projekti seas võitis WSP Finland Ltd tööga "Emerald", mille põhiautorid on arhitektid Juha Eskolin, Jenni Lautso, Ilona Mansikka ja Tuomas Vuorinen. Projekt tegeleb komplekselt maakasutuse, elustiili, transpordi, maastikukujunduse, energiatootmise ja säästva arenguga

Päeva film / Tiit Merisalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Merisalu, Tiit

1997-01-01

Autobiograafiline film "Maffia ja mina" ("Mafia ja minä"), režissöör Tuomas Sallinen : Soome 1997. Film jälgib toimunud sündmuste käiku päeviku vormis ja on tehtud osalt intervjuudena, osalt lavastatud episoodidena. Film on valminud sarjas "Uus kino"

Shaping Discourse and Setting Examples

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Persson, Anders

2017-01-01

around an issue. By using Tuomas Forsberg's framework of four different mechanisms of normative power: persuasion, invoking norms, shaping the discourse and the power of example on three important case studies from the conflict (EC/EU's declaratory diplomacy on the need for a just peace in the conflict...

Kui Arno isaga ... / Kati Saara Vamann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vatmann, Kati Saara, 1967-

2016-01-01

Portreelood ühise eesnimega tegusatest meestest, pankrotihaldur Arno Mägist, meelelahutajatest ja muusikutest Arno Kukest ning Arno Suislepast, spordimehest Arnold Tokkost ja pedagoogist, Sillamäe gümnaasiumi direktorist Arno Kaseniidust

Mälupuutuja puudutus / Reet Varblane

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Varblane, Reet, 1952-

1998-01-01

Ando Keskküla kuraatornäitus "Puutujad" Tallinna Kunstihoones, näituse lähtekohtadest. Moskvalaste AESi rühmituse (Tatjana Arzamazova, Lev Jevzotovitch, Jevgeni Svjatski), hiina kunstniku Zhang¡Dali, Teemu Mäki, vene kunstniku Juri Alberti, Izabella Gustowska, Saara Ekströmi, Mart Viljuse töödest, poola kunstniku Maciej Toporowiczi videost "Kinnisidee".

Viron televisio- ja radiokeskus = Estonian National Broadcasting Building / Pentti Kareoja

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Kareoja, Pentti

2008-01-01

Eesti Rahvusringhäälingu hoone arhitektuurikonkursi võitis Taani arhitektuuribüroo Nobel Arkitekter. Teise koha pälvis Soome arhitektuuribüroo Harris-Kjisik OY (arhitektid Trevor Harris, Taru Niskanen) töö "Mediatetris". Ergutuspreemia pälvis Pekka Lassila Arhitektuuribüroo (arhitektid Pekka Lassila, Janne Kantee, Annika Ritola, Tuomas Arnala) töö "Auteur"

Tülikas meediademokraat Hans H. Luik / Hans H Luik ; interv. Jaanika Merilo

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Luik, Hans H., 1961-

2006-01-01

Ekspress Grupi omanik ja nõukogu liige Hans H. Luik vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad Ekspress Grupi võimlikku börsile minekut, meediaportfelli laiendamist ning tema vastu suunatuid rünnakuid. Skeem: Ekspress Grupp. Tabelid: Eesti Ekspressi majandusnäitajad; Ekspress Grupi majandusnäitajad. Kommenteerivad: Tuomas Siltala, Karoly Kirber, Lauri Lind ja Peeter Koppel

Cinematic diamonds : narrative storytelling strategies in short fiction film

OpenAIRE

Cantell, Saara (kirjoittaja); Jeremiah, Fleur (kääntäjä)

2012-01-01

Saara Cantell proposes and discusses alternative ways of approaching short film. This book emphasizes short film as an independent and challenging cinematic art form of its own right. The "mystery" of short film is approached by examining the aesthetics of other short forms, The structural parallels between e.g. jokes and short films, as well as narrative strategies found in poetry, offer meaningful references. The research consists of both the analysis of selected short films and the five sh...

Ohjaajan ääni : ohjaajan ääni-ilmaisu osana kerrontatyyliä kotimaisessa fiktioelokuvassa

OpenAIRE

Suoranta, Taneli

2015-01-01

Opinnäytetyössä tutkitaan suomalaisten ohjaajien äänellistä ilmaisua osana kerrontatyyliä fiktioelokuvassa. Ohjaajan tyyliä tarkastellaan auteur-teorian kantilta ja äänellistä ilmaisua Michel Chionin teorian ja termistön pohjalta. Tutkimus alkaa ohjaajan tyylin avaamisella auteur-teorian kautta, elokuvaäänen perusteilla sekä Chionin termistön ja teoriapohjan esittelyllä tuoden tutkimukselle vertailukelpoisen pohjan. Tämän jälkeen esitellään ohjaajilta Aki Kaurismäki, Matti Ijäs ja Saara C...

Miteelustamise otsus Eestis / Eva Antsov, Saara Sadrak, Katrin Elmet ...[jt.

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Antsov, Eva

2017-01-01

Ravitahtest ja mitteelustamise otsuse (ingl do not resuscitate, do not attempt resuscitation order) ajaloost, praktikast Eestis ja näiteid teistest riikidest ning arutletud mitteelustamise eetilise tagamaa, sotsiaalse tähenduse ja Eesti õigusloome puudujääkide üle ravipiirangute kontekstis

Desempenho e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de sorgo em substituição ao milho Effects on performance and meat quality of replacing corn with sorghum in a broiler diet

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R.G. Garcia

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se o desempenho e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de sorgo, do cultivar SAARA, com 0,49g/kg de tanino, em substituição ao milho. Os 2600 pintos sexados de um dia de idade, da linhagem Ross 308, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 5×2 (cinco níveis de sorgo - 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% e dois sexos, e quatro repetições de 65 aves por unidade experimental. Não houve efeito (P>0,05 da substituição do milho pelo sorgo sobre as características de desempenho, de rendimentos de carcaça, carne de peito e pernas, de composição química e sensoriais. O pH observado nas carnes de peito e pernas foi maior para os machos (PThe effects of diets with graded levels of SAARA sorghum, a variety containing 0.49g/kg of tannin, on broiler performance and meat quality were evaluated. One-day-old, sexed Ross 308 chicks (n=2600 were randomly assigned within sex to one of five levels of sorghum (replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of corn in the diet. There were 65 birds per experimental unit in 4 replicates of the 5 sorghum level × 2 sex factorial design. Level of corn replacement by sorghum did not affect performance characteristics, carcass characteristics, main cut yield, muscle tissue chemical composition or sensory characteristics of the meat (P>0.05. Muscle tissue from males had higher pH values than that from females, and muscle pH decreased as sorghum replaced corn in the diet (P<0.05. Loin length, width and thickness were larger for males. Breast meat from males had higher cooking loss and required greater shear force than breast meat from females (P<0.05. With increasing level of sorghum in the diet, the L value (level of light of breast and leg muscle increased, whereas a value (redness and b value (yellowness decreased (P<0.05. In summary, replacing corn in the diet with increasing levels of sorghum did not affect live performance, carcass or main cut

D'' Layer Activation via Tidal Dissipation: A Link Between Non-Hydrostatic Ellipticity, Non-Chondritic Heat Flux, and Non-Plume Head Generation of Flood Basalts

Science.gov (United States)

Hager, B. H.; Mazarico, E.; Touma, J.; Wisdom, J.

2003-12-01

Quantitative understanding of Earth's heat budget has eluded a list of distinguished physicists and geochemists ranging from Lord Kelvin to Don L Anderson. The global heat flux is substantially greater than that generated by the estimated inventory of radioactive heat sources, so simple energy balance considerations demand an additional heat source. Secular cooling is commonly invoked to balance Earth's energy budget, but the required cooling rates are difficult to reconcile with both traditional convection calculations and petrologic estimates of ancient upper mantle temperatures. A non-geochemical heat source seems plausible. Indeed, Tuoma and Wisdom (Astron. J., 122, 2001) showed that tidal dissipation of rotational energy associated with resonant coupling could provide a substantial heat pulse to the CMB. D'' Layer Activation (DLA) by dumping of rotational energy could have important geodynamical consequences that we explore here. DLA could lead to a sudden (but modest) increase in the temperature of preexisting plumes, leading to a sudden increase in melt volume without the need for a troublesome plume head. The dissipation depends on non-hydrostatic CMB ellipticity, which itself is a result of mantle convection, leading to the possibility of an important feedback mechanism - DLA would lead to an increase in CMB ellipticity, further increasing the geodynamic importance of DLA.

The relationship between bituminous coal quality and tectonic setting of the western part of upper Silesian coal Basin (USCB) of Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Probierz, Krystian; Morga, Rafal

1997-01-01

Variation of quality parameters of coals occurring in selected geological structures in the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) was examined. It was ascertained that coals under research are characterised by high vitrinite content and medium rank (R o = 0.82 - 1.06%, V daf = 28.30 - 37.40%, RI = 19 - 89) and can be classified as para- and ortobituminous coals (ECE Geneva, 1993). Distribution of coal quality parameters was featured by different degree of concordance with spatial orientation of geological structures. In some cases (the Concordia over thrust, the anticline of Makoszowy fold) such concordance was revealed and it was proved that the structures were forming simultaneously with coalification process. In another two cases (the Klodnica fault, the Saara fault) concordance of this kind was not found. However, distribution of rank parameters allowed to reconstruct the sequence of the two processes, indicating that the faults formed after coalification. There were also cases (the Sosnica folds, the Ruda syncline) in which univocal relative timing of coalification and structure formation was not possible. The results obtained show, that presented method of analysis of spatial distribution of basic coal quality parameters within the deposit (above all R o , V daf , RI) can be used, similarly to optical anisotropy examination, for relative timing of geological structure formation and coalification process. It was confirmed, that knowledge of structure and geological history of a basin enables more precise prognosis of chemical - technological properties of coals. (Author)

Flux and genesis of CO2 degassing from volcanic-geothermal fields of Gulu-Yadong rift in the Lhasa terrane, South Tibet: Constraints on characteristics of deep carbon cycle in the India-Asia continent subduction zone

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Lihong; Guo, Zhengfu; Sano, Yuji; Zhang, Maoliang; Sun, Yutao; Cheng, Zhihui; Yang, Tsanyao Frank

2017-11-01

Gulu-Yadong rift (GYR) is the longest extensional, NE-SW-trending rift in the Himalayas and Lhasa terrane of South Tibet. Many volcanic-geothermal fields (VGFs), which comprise intense hot springs, steaming fissures, geysers and soil micro-seepage, are distributed in the GYR, making it ideal area for studying deep carbon emissions in the India-Asia continent subduction zone. As for the northern segment of GYR in the Lhasa terrane, its total flux and genesis of CO2 emissions are poorly understood. Following accumulation chamber method, soil CO2 flux survey has been carried out in VGFs (i.e., Jidaguo, Ningzhong, Sanglai, Tuoma and Yuzhai from south to north) of the northern segment of GYR. Total soil CO2 output of the northern GYR is about 1.50 × 107 t a-1, which is attributed to biogenic and volcanic-geothermal source. Geochemical characteristics of the volcanic-geothermal gases (including CO2 and He) of the northern GYR indicate their significant mantle-derived affinities. Combined with previous petrogeochemical and geophysical data, our He-C isotope modeling calculation results show that (1) excess mantle-derived 3He reflects degassing of volatiles related with partial melts from enriched mantle wedge induced by northward subduction of the Indian lithosphere, and (2) the crust-mantle interaction can provide continuous heat and materials for the overlying volcanic-geothermal system, in which magma-derived volatiles are inferred to experience significant crustal contamination during their migration to the surface.

Avaliação do desempenho e de parâmetros gastrintestinais de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo alto tanino e baixo tanino Evaluation of performance and gastric parameters of broiler chickens fed diets formulateds with sorghum with and no tannin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi realizado nas instalações experimentais da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Unesp, Campus de Botucatu e objetivou-se avaliar o efeito das dietas com milho e farelo de soja, sorgo com alto tanino e farelo de soja e sorgo com baixo tanino e farelo de soja sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e parâmetros gastrintestinais de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1200 pintos de corte de um dia, da linhagem Ross 308, distribuídos em 24 boxes em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, três dietas: 100% milho e farelo de soja, 100% sorgo com alto tanino e farelo de soja (SAT e 100% sorgo com baixo tanino e farelo de soja (SBT e dois sexos, com 4 repetições de 50 aves cada. O desempenho foi avaliado aos 21, 35 e 42 dias de idade e aos 42 dias de idade, uma amostra de 5 aves por repetição foi abatida para a determinação do rendimento de carcaça e das partes. Foram medidos o rendimento do peito desossado, coxa e sobrecoxa, asas, dorso e gordura abdominal. Aos 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias de idade foram sacrificadas 3 aves por repetição para avaliação do desenvolvimento das vísceras e dos intestinos por meio de pesagens e medidas. Conclui-se que, ao utilizar sorgo com alto tanino (cultivar AG3002 com 1,89 g/kg e sorgo com baixo tanino (cultivar SAARA com 0,49 g/kg em substituição ao milho não foi encontrado efeito significativo (p>0,05 para os parâmetros analisados de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, não ocorrendo também efeito evidente sobre a porcentagem das vísceras e intestinos e as medidas dos intestinos.The experiment was carried out in the experimental facilities of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia of Unesp, Botucatu Campus and the objective was evaluate the effect of corn, sorghum with tannin and sorghum no tannin-based diets on the gastric and bowel parameters in broiler . One thousand and two hundred sexed Ross 308, one

Consumer Adoption of Future MyData-Based Preventive eHealth Services: An Acceptance Model and Survey Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Koivumäki, Timo; Pekkarinen, Saara; Lappi, Minna; Väisänen, Jere; Juntunen, Jouni; Pikkarainen, Minna

2017-12-22

.906, comparative fit index [CFI] 0.915, and standardized root mean square residual 0.062). According to our empirical model, the statistically significant drivers for behavioral intention were effort expectancy (beta=.191, Ptechnology adoption in the consumer context. Emphasis should especially be placed on efforts to increase consumers' self-efficacy in eHealth technology use and in supporting healthy behavior. ©Timo Koivumäki, Saara Pekkarinen, Minna Lappi, Jere Väisänen, Jouni Juntunen, Minna Pikkarainen. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 22.12.2017.

Text Messaging and Mobile Phone Apps as Interventions to Improve Adherence in Adolescents With Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Badawy, Sherif M; Barrera, Leonardo; Sinno, Mohamad G; Kaviany, Saara; O'Dwyer, Linda C; Kuhns, Lisa M

2017-05-15

the included studies were of low or moderate quality. Studies varied in sample size, methods of adherence assessment, and definition of adherence, which prohibited performing a meta-analysis. The use of text messaging and mobile phone app interventions to improve medication adherence among adolescents with CHCs has shown promising feasibility and acceptability, and there is modest evidence to support the efficacy of these interventions. Further evaluation of short- and long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these interventions is warranted given the early and evolving state of the science. ©Sherif M Badawy, Leonardo Barrera, Mohamad G Sinno, Saara Kaviany, Linda C O’Dwyer, Lisa M Kuhns. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 15.05.2017.

Data Collection for Mental Health Studies Through Digital Platforms: Requirements and Design of a Prototype.

Science.gov (United States)

Aledavood, Talayeh; Triana Hoyos, Ana Maria; Alakörkkö, Tuomas; Kaski, Kimmo; Saramäki, Jari; Isometsä, Erkki; Darst, Richard K

2017-06-09

described why each of these features are important for digital data collection for psychiatry, gave examples of projects where Niima was used or is going to be used in the future, and demonstrated how incorporating these design principles opens new possibilities for studies. The new methods of digital psychiatry are still immature and need further research. The design features we suggested are a first step to design platforms which can adapt to the upcoming requirements of digital psychiatry. ©Talayeh Aledavood, Ana Maria Triana Hoyos, Tuomas Alakörkkö, Kimmo Kaski, Jari Saramäki, Erkki Isometsä, Richard K Darst. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.06.2017.