Cyclic di-GMP regulation of the bvg-repressed genes and the orphan response regulator RisA in Bordetella pertussis

Science.gov (United States)

Expression of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors is activated by the BvgAS two-component system. Under modulating growth conditions BvgAS indirectly represses another set of genes through the action of BvgR, a bvg-activated protein. BvgR blocks activation of the response regulator RisA which is ...

A Three-Legged Stool or Race? Governance Models for NOAA RISAs, DOI CSCs, and USDA Climate Hubs

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, J. G.

2014-12-01

NOAAs Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Teams, DOIs Climate Science Centers (CSCs), and USDAs Regional Climate Hubs (RCHs) have common missions of integrating climate and related knowledge across scientific disciplines and regions to create "actionable" information that decision-makes can use to manage climate risks and impacts at state and local scales. However, the sponsoring agency programs, university investigators, and local federal officials govern each differently. The three models of program and center governance are 1) exclusively university (RISAs), 2) a hybrid of Federal government and (host) university (CSCs,), and 3) exclusively Federal (Hubs). Each model has it's advantages and disadvantages in terms of legal definition and authority, scientific mission requirements and strategies, flexibility and legitimacy to conduct research and to collaborate regionally with constituencies, leadership and governance approach and "friction points,", staff capacity and ability to engage stakeholders, necessity to deliver products and services, bureaucratic oversight, performance evaluation, and political support at Congressional, state, and local levels. Using available sources of information and data, this paper will compare and contrast the strengths and weakness of these three regional applied climate science center governance models.

A Three-Legged Stool or Race? Governance Models for NOAA RISAs, DOI CSCs, and USDA Climate Hub

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, J. G.

2014-12-01

NOAAs Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Teams, DOIs Climate Science Centers (CSCs), and USDAs Regional Climate Hubs (RCHs) have common missions of integrating climate and related knowledge across scientific disciplines and regions to create "actionable" information that decision-makes can use to manage climate risks and impacts at state and local scales. However, the sponsoring agency programs, university investigators, and local federal officials govern each differently. The three models of program and center governance are 1) exclusively university (RISAs), 2) a hybrid of Federal government and (host) university (CSCs,), and 3) exclusively Federal (Hubs). Each model has it's advantages and disadvantages in terms of legal definition and authority, scientific mission requirements and strategies, flexibility and legitimacy to conduct research and to collaborate regionally with constituencies, leadership and governance approach and "friction points,", staff capacity and ability to engage stakeholders, necessity to deliver products and services, bureaucratic oversight, performance evaluation, and political support at Congressional, state, and local levels. Using available sources of information and data, this paper will compare and contrast the strengths and weakness of these three regional applied climate science center governance models.

Risa y aprendizaje: el papel del humor en la labor docente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Jáuregui Narváez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Numerosas corrientes pedagógicas en las últimas décadas han fomentado el humor, la diversión y la risa en la labor docente, citando numerosos beneficios, establecer una mejor relación con los estudiantes, reducir el estrés y la ansiedad, gestionar el conflicto, proporcionar una recompensa emocional que motive la participación y el estudio, y comunicar la materia más eficazmente, estimulando la atención, la creatividad y la memoria. En este artículo se evalúa la justificación teórica y empírica de este modelo más "lúdico" del aprendizaje, y se matizan algunas de las ideas que suelen proponerse en este sentido.

Terapia de la risa en un grupo de mujeres adultas/ Laughter therapy in a group of elderly women

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María M. Villam

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: explorar los beneficios de la terapia de la risa en un grupo de mujeres adultas pertenecientes a un centro gerontológico del Municipio de Envigado (Colombia. Metodología: estudio con enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevista semiestructurada a 10 adultas entre 59 y 97 años de edad, antes y después de la aplicación de 5 sesiones, una semanal, de terapia de la risa por parte del grupo Mediclaun “payasos hospitalarios”. Resultados: muchos de los cambios percibidos en las adultas coinciden con la literatura en lo que respecta a una actitud más positiva, incremento de la confianza en el otro y la aceptación; expresan el pasado con menos dolor y un mayor agrado frente al acompañamiento familiar. Conclusiones: La terapia de la risa permite al adulto mayor encontrar fortalezas que puedan ayudarle a mejorar su presente, a su vez, lograr cambios en el individuo que se le revierten positivamente y a su relación con el entorno Objective: to explore the benefits of laughter therapy in a group of elderly women belonging to a gerontology center (Envigado, Colombia. Methodology: a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview with 10 adult women aged 59 to 97. The participants were interviewed before and after applying 5 weekly sessions of laughter therapy. Said therapy was administered by the Mediclaun "hospital clowns" group. Results: many of the changes observed in adult women are consistent with the results described in the literature in relation to a more positive attitude, increased confidence in people and acceptance; the participants expressed the past with less pain and had a greater liking towards family support. Conclusions: laughter therapy allows seniors to find the strength to improve their present situation, thus causing positive changes in their own self and in their relationship with their surroundings

Verecundia, risa y decoro: Cicerón y el arte de insultar

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Mas, Salvador

2015-12-01

Full Text Available One can speak about laughter in many ways; one can take, for example, a physiological approach, or a psychological one, or even a third sociological one, which the ancients did not completely disregard. Cicero, however, preferred to focus on the rhetorical possibilities of laughter and humor. The relevance of jest and jokes in order to get an audience’s favor or to ridicule an adversary is undeniable; but, despite their effectiveness and given their effectiveness, that jest and jokes can also exceed the limits of what is acceptable or advisable is also undeniable. An issue that is all the more serious since the orator can and should make joke of matters which, taken in themselves, are not funny. Cicero's rhetoric on laughter raises the issue of, and flows into, the ethics and the tactics that are attentive to the study and possible codification of the guiding principles in using such a powerful resource as humor. It is a resource that should be used in an advisable, appropriate, and dignified manner (for all these manners can be translated the Greek prepon and the latin decorum, which presupposes that it is not always so used, and, with respect to this at the following pages, presupposes that there is laughter that inappropriate, that is almost shameful, and that can result in difficulties for whoever causes the laughter and uses that humor, since it is always dangerous to laugh at the powerful. Undoubtedly, Cicero was an individual who very much insulted others, with wit, humor, and sometimes with extraordinary aggressiveness.Sobre la risa puede hablarse de muchas maneras; cabe, por ejemplo, una aproximación fisiológica, otra psicológica o una tercera sociológica, que los antiguos no desatendieron por completo, si bien Cicerón prefirió investigar sus posibilidades retóricas. A nadie se le oculta la relevancia de chanzas y chistes para disponer a la audiencia de manera favorable o para ridiculizar al adversario; tampoco que esta

Cambios en la depresión y el sentimiento de soledad después de la terapia de la risa en adultos mayores internados

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Ángela Quintero

2015-03-01

Conclusión. Se resalta la importancia que tiene la terapia de la risa en la disminución del grado de depresión en adultos mayores. Los resultados concuerdan con la afirmación de que el constructo de soledad es independiente del de depresión.

Huyendo del miedo, desterrando el enojo, escapando de la tristeza y cayendo en brazos de la risa: los chistes en México en tiempos de la influenza 2009

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Anna María Fernandez Poncela

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Se trata de revisar el humor, los chistes y la risa en tiempos de la influenza en México en el año 2009. La relación entre narrativas sociales populares (chistes y reacciones emocionales de la sociedad en un momento de incertidumbre y temor social. El por qué y para qué de los chistes, su función social y psicológica. El objetivo es que el chiste nos acompañe a develar la realidad social, política, emocional y cultural. Para ello se aborda un poco el humor, lo cómico, la risa y los chistes. Presentamos algunas definiciones de estos fenómenos y mostramos su funcionalidad psicológica y social, entre otras cosas, como parte de los sentimientos humanos y la cultura en general. También reflexionamos algo en torno al mundo de las emociones y su evolución o desarrollo, y en determinadas situaciones sociales, en concreto en el contexto de los días de la contingencia sanitaria por el virus A H1N1 en México, entre abril y mayo del año 2009.

Proyecto de intervención sobre la implementación de un taller de dinámica de la risa en un grupo de personas mayores

OpenAIRE

Santos Marcos, Pablo

2012-01-01

Las políticas y programas de envejecimiento activo reconocen la necesidad de fomentar y equilibrar la responsabilidad personal. Las personas y familias necesitan planificar y prepararse para la vejez adoptando prácticas de salud positivas. Estos programas son tan importantes como los que mejoran las salud física. Se explican los efectos terapéuticos de la risa a nivel físico, psicológico y social. Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Trabajo Social. Curso 2011-2012

Huyendo del miedo, desterrando el enojo, escapando de la tristeza y   cayendo en brazos de la risa: los chistes en México en tiempos de la influenza 2009

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Anna María Fernández Poncela

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Se trata de revisar el humor, los chistes y la risa en tiempos de la influenza en México en el año 2009. La relación entre narrativas sociales populares (chistes y reacciones emocionales de la sociedad en un momento de incertidumbre y temor social. El por qué y para qué de los chistes, su función social y psicológica. El objetivo es que el chiste nos acompañe a develar la realidad social, política, emocional y cultural. Para ello se aborda un poco el humor, lo cómico, la risa y los chistes. Presentamos algunas definiciones de estos fenómenos y mostramos su funcionalidad psicológica y social, entre otras co‐ sas, como parte de los sentimientos humanos y la cultura en general. También reflexionamos algo en torno al mundo de las emociones y su evolución o desarrollo, y en determinadas situaciones sociales, en concreto en el contexto de los días de la contingencia sanitaria por el virus A H1N1 en México, en‐ tre abril y mayo del año 2009. 

Una risa en el desierto: el arte de la resurrección y sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui

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Jorge Ladino Gaitán Bayona

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo de reflexión se analiza la propuesta carnavalesca de la novela El arte de la resurrección (2010, de Hernán Rivera Letelier, y los poemarios Sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui (1977 y Nuevos sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui (1979, de Nicanor Parra. En estas obras interviene como protagonista un excéntrico predicador de existencia real en la historia de Chile: Domingo Zárate Vega, mejor conocido como el Cristo de Elqui. Se retoman planteamientos teóricos de Mijail Bajtín para explorar la risa y la locura como recursos estéticos que generan una visión crítica sobre la miseria de los mineros en las salitreras del desierto chileno, la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet y La matanza de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique (21 de diciembre de 1907.

Experimental and clinical studies on simultaneous fat and protein tolerance digestion-absorption test using 131I-triolein and 125I-RISA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tokura, Yasunobu

1979-01-01

Simultaneous fat and protein tolerance digestion-absorption test using 131 I-triolein and 125 I-RISA was investigated experimentally in rats and clinically in 148 inpatients with various diseases. The results were as follows: Animal experiments. Fat absorption was markedly impaired in the exclusion of bile from the intestine. Each function of fat and protein absorption was independently detected. These animal experiments gave the clinical evaluation of this test for fat and protein digestion-absorption function. Clinical investigations. The test meal was prepared without using commercial Tween 80 as an emulgent. Either fat or protein absorption was markedly impaired in some patients with various diseases. Inpatients with various diseases investigated were divided into 3 groups by correlation coefficient between fecal excretion ratios of fat and protein. Each function of fat and protein digestion-absorption was able to be detected independently by this test simultaneously. This test can further be used as a labolatory aid in evaluating fat and protein digestion-absorption function in patients with malabsorption syndrome. (author)

La risa natal. Fundamentos antropológicos y religiosos de la comicidad clerical en Navidad

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del Campo Tejedor, Alberto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The comicalness of many of the popular and clerical festivals in the winter cycle has been mostly interpreted as a pagan and profane survival, objected to Christian faith. This paper discusses this simplistic thesis and adduces evidences that allows to understand the struggles between detractors and sympathizers of the polemic burlesque festivals on Christmas. We study the type of paschal joy that certain theology has justified in consideration of reasons such as the eutrapelia or the exemplary character of the humiliation and the humility in rituals based on investment of roles. Christmas laugh appears then as a fundamental ingredient of a mytho-logic in which turbulence, joviality, even obscenity, constitute liminal forms in collaborating with the eternal cycle of birth, death and resurrection.La comicidad de muchas de las fiestas populares y clericales del ciclo invernal ha sido interpretada mayoritariamente como supervivencia pagana y profana, contraria a la fe cristiana. Este artículo discute esta tesis reduccionista y aporta evidencias que permiten comprender las pugnas entre detractores y simpatizantes de las polémicas fiestas burlescas en torno a la Navidad. Para ello se indaga el tipo de alegría pascual que cierta teología ha justificado en atención a razones como la eutrapelia o el carácter ejemplar de la humillación y la humildad en los rituales de inversión de roles. La risa navideña se muestra como un ingrediente fundamental de una mito-lógica en la que la turbulencia, la jovialidad, incluso la obscenidad, constituyen formas liminales de colaborar en el eterno ciclo de nacimiento, muerte y resurrección.

Risa y salud: abordajes terapéuticos. ; Laughter and health: therapeutic approaches

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Eder Ariel Lancheros García

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La terapia de la risa hoy en día es utilizada en diversas clínicas y hospitales del mundo como medida coadyuvante en pro del bienestar físico, psicológico, social y emocional de los pacientes. En nuestro país es un tema que poco se conoce y por lo cual es de suma importancia dar a conocer en el ámbito nacional los múltiples beneficios que genera en la salud de las personas. El payaso hospitalario, como protagonista principal, ejerce una importante labor y a través de él se busca lograr una relación armoniosa con el paciente, con el objetivo de mejorar su percepción de la enfermedad, lograr una adecuada adaptación hospitalaria, disminuir los niveles de ansiedad y generar un bienestar global. En Bucaramanga existe la Fundación Corazón en Parches, que se ha encargado de llevar un mensaje de amor y compasión a los pacientes hospitalizados, en especial en edad pediátrica, aplicando la risoterapia a cabalidad, recordando que lo más importante no es curar una enfermedad sino tratar a un paciente que tiene una enfermedad, implementando una visión holística.______________________________________________________________________Laughter therapy is now used in many hospitals and clinics worldwide as adjunctive measure in favor of physical, psychological, social and emotional development of patients. Our country is a topic that little is known and therefore it is of utmost importance to share nationalgenerates multiple benefits in human health. The hospital clown as the main character has an important work and through it seeks to achieve a harmonious relationship with the patient, with the aim of improving their perception of the disease, hospital achieve adequate adaptation, lower levels of anxiety and generate as such a global welfare. InBucaramanga exists Fundación Corazón en Parches, who have managed to bring a message of love and compassion to hospitalized patients, especially pediatric patients, using the fully laughter therapy

Risk preferences in strategic wildfire decision making: a choice experiment with U.S. wildfire managers.

Science.gov (United States)

Wibbenmeyer, Matthew J; Hand, Michael S; Calkin, David E; Venn, Tyron J; Thompson, Matthew P

2013-06-01

Federal policy has embraced risa management as an appropriate paradigm for wildfire management. Economic theory suggests that over repeated wildfire events, potential economic costs and risas of ecological damage are optimally balanced when management decisions are free from biases, risa aversion, and risa seeking. Of primary concern in this article is how managers respond to wildfire risa, including the potential effect of wildfires (on ecological values, structures, and safety) and the likelihood of different fire outcomes. We use responses to a choice experiment questionnaire of U.S. federal wildfire managers to measure attitudes toward several components of wildfire risa and to test whether observed risa attitudes are consistent with the efficient allocation of wildfire suppression resources. Our results indicate that fire managers' decisions are consistent with nonexpected utility theories of decisions under risa. Managers may overallocate firefighting resources when the likelihood or potential magnitude of damage from fires is low, and sensitivity to changes in the probability of fire outcomes depends on whether probabilities are close to one or zero and the magnitude of the potential harm. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.

Microbial Community Analysis of Field-Grown Soybeans with Different Nodulation Phenotypes▿

OpenAIRE

Ikeda, Seishi; Rallos, Lynn Esther E.; Okubo, Takashi; Eda, Shima; Inaba, Shoko; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Minamisawa, Kiwamu

2008-01-01

Microorganisms associated with the stems and roots of nonnodulated (Nod−), wild-type nodulated (Nod+), and hypernodulated (Nod++) soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merril] were analyzed by ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer analysis (RISA) and automated RISA (ARISA). RISA of stem samples detected no bands specific to the nodulation phenotype, whereas RISA of root samples revealed differential bands for the nodulation phenotypes. Pseudomonas fluorescens was exclusively associated with Nod+ soybe...

Intraarticular volume and clearance in human synovial effusions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wallis, W.J.; Simkin, P.A.; Nelp, W.B.; Foster, D.M.

1985-01-01

Intraarticular volumes were measured by radiolabeled albumin (RISA) distribution in chronic knee effusions from 11 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 9 osteoarthritis patients. Volumes of synovial fluid obtained at joint aspiration were substantially less than those found by RISA dilution. Up to 24 hours was needed for full distribution of RISA throughout the intraarticular compartment. Measured 123I and RISA radioactivity over the knee described monoexponential rate constants, lambda (minute-1). The clearance of 123I and RISA from synovial effusions was derived by the formulation volume (ml) X lambda (minute-1) = clearance (ml/minute). RISA clearance in rheumatoid effusions was significantly greater than that found in osteoarthritis effusions. Intraarticular volume and isotope clearance were easily quantified and provide measures for further evaluating the microvascular physiology of synovial effusions

Increased pulmonary vascular permeability as a cause of re-expansion edema in rabbits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pavlin, D.J.; Nessly, M.L.; Cheney, F.W.

1981-01-01

In order to study the mechanism(s) underlying re-expansion edema, we measured the concentration of labeled albumin (RISA) in the extravascular, extracellular water (EVECW) of the lung as a measure of pulmonary vascular permeability. Re-expansion edema was first induced by rapid re-expansion of rabbit lungs that had been collapsed for 1 wk by pneumothorax. The RISA in EVECW was expressed as a fraction of its plasma concentration: (RISA)L/(RISA)PL. The volume of EVECW (ml/gm dry lung) was measured using a 24 Na indicator. Results in re-expansion edema were compared with normal control lungs and with oleic acid edema as a model of permeability edema. In re-expanded lungs, EVECW (3.41 +/- SD 1.24 ml/g) and (RISA)L/(RISA)PL 0.84 +/- SD 0.15) were significantly increased when compared with normal control lungs (2.25 +/- 0.41 ml/g and 0.51 +/- 0.20, respectively). Results in oleic acid edema (5.66 +/- 2.23 ml/g and 0.84 +/- 0.23) were similar to re-expansion edema. This suggested that re-expansion edema is due to increased pulmonary vascular permeability caused by mechanical stresses applied to the lung during re-expansion

Universal LD50 predictions using deep learning

Science.gov (United States)

NICEATM Predictive Models for Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity LD50 entry Risa R. Sayre (sayre.risa@epa.gov) & Christopher M. Grulke Our approach uses an ensemble of multilayer perceptron regressions to predict rat acute oral LD50 values from chemical features. Features were genera...

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THREE METHODS FOR MEASURING PEPSIN ACTIVITY

Science.gov (United States)

Loken, Merle K.; Terrill, Kathleen D.; Marvin, James F.; Mosser, Donn G.

1958-01-01

Comparison has been made of a simple method originated by Absolon and modified in our laboratories for assay of proteolytic activity using RISA (radioactive iodinated serum albumin—Abbott Laboratories), with the commonly used photometric methods of Anson and Kunitz. In this method, pepsin was incubated with an albumin substrate containing RISA, followed by precipitation of the undigested substrate with trichloroacetic acid and measurement of radioactive digestion products in the supernatant fluid. The I131—albumin bond was shown in the present studies to be altered only by the proteolytic activity, and not by the incubation procedures at various values of pH. Any free iodine present originally in the RISA was removed by a single passage through a resin column (amberlite IRA-400-C1). Pepsin was shown to be most stable in solution at a pH of 5.5. Activity of pepsin was shown to be maximal when it was incubated with albumin at a pH of 2.5. Pepsin activity was shown to be altered in the presence of various electrolytes. Pepsin activity measured by the RISA and Anson methods as a function of concentration or of time of incubation indicated that these two methods are in good agreement and are equally sensitive. Consistently smaller standard errors were obtained by the RISA method of pepsin assay than were obtained with either of the other methods. PMID:13587910

Comparison of different volume markers in peritoneal dialysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Paepe, M.; Belpaire, F.; Schelstraete, K.; Lameire, N.

1988-01-01

Four peritoneal volume markers (carbon 14 -labeled dextran, dextran blue, radioactive albumin, and hemoglobin) were compared. In six rabbits 14 C-dextran was compared with dextran blue during a 4-hour dwell with a 4.25% dextrose solution. The recovery of 14 C-dextran at the end of the dwell was 71% +/- 3% vs. 92% +/- 1% for dextran blue (P less than 0.001). In six other rabbits, radioactive albumin (RISA) was compared with dextran blue. The recovery of RISA was 78% +/- 4%, compared with 85% +/- 2% for dextran blue (P less than 0.05). The calculated peritoneal volumes, uncorrected for disappearance of the markers, were consistently higher than when correction was made. After correction, the calculated end volumes were similar to actually measured end volumes. In six patients with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, the intraperitoneal volume during a single dwell of 6 hours was estimated in paired observations with lactated Ringer's solution and 1.5% dextrose dialysate, using simultaneously autologous hemoglobin and RISA. In eight additional patients, a single dwell with 4.25% dextrose dialysate was studied. The recoveries of both markers were related to the osmotic strength of the dialysate. Recoveries were 66.7% +/- 2.3% and 69.6% +/- 0.9% in lactated Ringer's solution, and increased to 81% +/- 3% and 82% +/- 2% in 4.25% dextrose for hemoglobin and RISA, respectively. With each dialysate, after correction for disappearance of the marker, no differences in volume profiles or between calculated or measured end volumes could be found with either hemoglobin or RISA

Microbial community analysis of field-grown soybeans with different nodulation phenotypes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ikeda, Seishi; Rallos, Lynn Esther E; Okubo, Takashi; Eda, Shima; Inaba, Shoko; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Minamisawa, Kiwamu

2008-09-01

Microorganisms associated with the stems and roots of nonnodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)), and hypernodulated (Nod(++)) soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merril] were analyzed by ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer analysis (RISA) and automated RISA (ARISA). RISA of stem samples detected no bands specific to the nodulation phenotype, whereas RISA of root samples revealed differential bands for the nodulation phenotypes. Pseudomonas fluorescens was exclusively associated with Nod(+) soybean roots. Fusarium solani was stably associated with nodulated (Nod(+) and Nod(++)) roots and less abundant in Nod(-) soybeans, whereas the abundance of basidiomycetes was just the opposite. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these basidiomycetous fungi might represent a root-associated group in the Auriculariales. Principal-component analysis of the ARISA results showed that there was no clear relationship between nodulation phenotype and bacterial community structure in the stem. In contrast, both the bacterial and fungal community structures in the roots were related to nodulation phenotype. The principal-component analysis further suggested that bacterial community structure in roots could be classified into three groups according to the nodulation phenotype (Nod(-), Nod(+), or Nod(++)). The analysis of root samples indicated that the microbial community in Nod(-) soybeans was more similar to that in Nod(++) soybeans than to that in Nod(+) soybeans.

Microbial Community Analysis of Field-Grown Soybeans with Different Nodulation Phenotypes▿

Science.gov (United States)

Ikeda, Seishi; Rallos, Lynn Esther E.; Okubo, Takashi; Eda, Shima; Inaba, Shoko; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Minamisawa, Kiwamu

2008-01-01

Microorganisms associated with the stems and roots of nonnodulated (Nod−), wild-type nodulated (Nod+), and hypernodulated (Nod++) soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merril] were analyzed by ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer analysis (RISA) and automated RISA (ARISA). RISA of stem samples detected no bands specific to the nodulation phenotype, whereas RISA of root samples revealed differential bands for the nodulation phenotypes. Pseudomonas fluorescens was exclusively associated with Nod+ soybean roots. Fusarium solani was stably associated with nodulated (Nod+ and Nod++) roots and less abundant in Nod− soybeans, whereas the abundance of basidiomycetes was just the opposite. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these basidiomycetous fungi might represent a root-associated group in the Auriculariales. Principal-component analysis of the ARISA results showed that there was no clear relationship between nodulation phenotype and bacterial community structure in the stem. In contrast, both the bacterial and fungal community structures in the roots were related to nodulation phenotype. The principal-component analysis further suggested that bacterial community structure in roots could be classified into three groups according to the nodulation phenotype (Nod−, Nod+, or Nod++). The analysis of root samples indicated that the microbial community in Nod− soybeans was more similar to that in Nod++ soybeans than to that in Nod+ soybeans. PMID:18658280

Fantasías de nubes al viento: primera ronda

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León de Greiff

1969-10-01

Full Text Available Oiga entonces, óye, oíd palabras sin sentido conocido: Las otras son tan huecas si sonoras (dice mi risa como tambor de feria (añejo símil de Perogrullo "profundas", "salomónicas" (torna a decir Mi Risa o Mi Sonrisa. -Tan profundas que no se toca fondo- (símil vetusto asaz, no nada gris, mas sí del buen Monsieur de la Palice...

Sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. [Cauliflower mosaic virus, lettuce mosaic virus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghabrial, S A; Shepherd, R J [Kentucky Univ., Lexington (USA); California Univ., Davis (USA))

1980-06-01

A simple and highly sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay (RISA) for the detection of plant viruses is described. The RISA procedure is a microplate method based on the principle of 'double-antibody sandwich' and follows essentially the protocol of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Clark and Adams, 1977), with the exception that /sup 125/I-labelled ..gamma..-globulin is substituted for the ..gamma..-globulin enzyme conjugate; the bound /sup 125/I-..gamma..-globulin is dissociated by acidification from the double-antibody sandwich. The radioactivity is proportional to virus concentration, and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) could be detected at concentrations as low as 5 and 2 ng/ml, respectively. Direct evidence of the adverse effects of conjugation with enzyme on the binding abilities of antibodies is presented. The RISA procedure should prove valuable with viruses for which the ELISA values are too low to be dependable.

A sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghabrial, S.A.; Shepherd, R.J.

1980-01-01

A simple and highly sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay (RISA) for the detection of plant viruses is described. The RISA procedure is a microplate method based on the principle of 'double-antibody sandwich' and follows essentially the protocol of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Clark and Adams, 1977), with the exception that 125 I-labelled γ-globulin is substituted for the γ-globulin enzyme conjugate; the bound 125 I-γ-globulin is dissociated by acidification from the double-antibody sandwich. The radioactivity is proportional to virus concentration, and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) could be detected at concentrations as low as 5 and 2 ng/ml, respectively. Direct evidence of the adverse effects of conjugation with enzyme on the binding abilities of antibodies is presented. The RISA procedure should prove valuable with viruses for which the ELISA values are too low to be dependable. (author)

Aspects pertinent to the usefulness of a solid phase radio-immuno-sorbent assay for the detection of spermatozoa antibodies in sera of infertility patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hinrichs-Reiche, I.

1987-01-01

The solid phase Radio-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (RISA) is a highly sensitive and valid test to detect 125-iodinetagged antibodies to spermatozoa that allows qualitative and quantitative evaluations of sperm-incapacitating immunglobulin Ig G in sera from patients believed to be infertile for immunological reasons. The study failed to reveal any correlations between the results of RISA and those of micro-sperm-agglutination or micro-sperm-immobilisation tests. There was a major body of evidence pointing to possible links between female isoimmunity and male autoimmunity. (TRV) [de

"Siete, el secreto de la risa"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LUZ MERCEDES ARANGO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Escuchar a México a través de las palabra, de Octavio paz es oír su corazón, es leer los pensamientos de un país desmesurado en sus dimensiones históricas, físicas, culinarias¡ artísticas, étnicas. la verdad es que a México se le siente el pulso agitado, el cuerpo sudoroso, la piel seca, la rabia, la sangre caliente. Y paz tiene la pasión del que ama mezclada ..

Selective effects of alpha-MSH and MIF-1 on the blood-brain barrier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sankar, R.; Domer, F.R.; Kastin, A.J.

1981-01-01

The effects of intravenously-injected alpha-MSH and MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to a large protein and a small anion were studied using radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA) and 99mTc-labeled sodium pertechnetate. The permeability of the BBB to RISA was unaltered by either peptide. Permeability to the inorganic pertechnetate anion, however, was significantly increased by alpha-MSH but not by MIF-1 at doses known to evoke EEG and behavioral responses. The peptides did not cause a change in the systemic blood pressure. It is possible, therefore, that at least some CNS effects of peripherally administered peptides are exerted by alteration of the permeability of the BBB to other substances

Climate in Context - How partnerships evolve in regions

Science.gov (United States)

Parris, A. S.

2014-12-01

In 2015, NOAA's RISA program will celebrate its 20th year of exploration in the development of usable climate information. In the mid-1990s, a vision emerged to develop interdisciplinary research efforts at the regional scale for several important reasons. Recognizable climate patterns, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), emerge at the regional level where our understanding of observations and models coalesce. Critical resources for society are managed in a context of regional systems, such as water supply and human populations. Multiple scales of governance (local, state, and federal) with complex institutional relationships can be examined across a region. Climate information (i.e. data, science, research etc) developed within these contexts has greater potential for use. All of this work rests on a foundation of iterative engagement between scientists and decision makers. Throughout these interactions, RISAs have navigated diverse politics, extreme events and disasters, socio-economic and ecological disruptions, and advances in both science and technology. Our understanding of information needs is evolving into a richer understanding of complex institutional, legal, political, and cultural contexts within which people can use science to make informed decisions. The outcome of RISA work includes both cases where climate information was used in decisions and cases where capacity for using climate information and making climate resilient decisions has increased over time. In addition to balancing supply and demand of scientific information, RISAs are engaged in a social process of reconciling climate information use with important drivers of society. Because partnerships are critical for sustained engagement, and because engagement is critically important to the use of science, the rapid development of new capacity in regionally-based science programs focused on providing climate decision support is both needed and challenging. New actors can bolster

Two-Sides of the Same Coin: Communicating Climate Change Science to Water Utilities and Stakeholders in Florida and Hawai'i

Science.gov (United States)

Keener, V. W.; Staal, L.

2011-12-01

The NOAA-funded Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment (RISA) programs act as boundary organizations that both conduct and translate academic climate research in the physical and social sciences for a variety of stakeholder applications, including for local and state governments, natural resource managers, non-climate scientists, and community members. For the past six years, I have worked with two RISAs-one in the southeast United States, and recently in the Pacific region. In confronting the most immediate impacts of climate change, Florida and Hawai'i are both currently dealing with saltwater intrusion effects on infrastructure and water supply, sea level rise impacts on vulnerable coastlines, and expect the problems to worsen in the future. Both RISAs have focused on water resource sustainability as a topic of interest, and held workshops on climate variability and change impacts for water utilities and a wider range of relevant stakeholders. Methods that have been used to communicate climate science, projected impacts, and risk have included: working groups/collaborative learning, scientific presentations and presentations of relevant case studies, beach management planning, in-depth interviews, and educational radio spots. Despite the similarities in the types of issues being confronted, stakeholders in each location have responded with differing levels of acceptance, which has resulted in the usage of different methods of communication of the same types of climate science information. This talk will focus on the success of a variety of different methods in communicating similar information on comparable risks to different audiences.

Application of a clustering-based peak alignment algorithm to analyze various DNA fingerprinting data.

Science.gov (United States)

Ishii, Satoshi; Kadota, Koji; Senoo, Keishi

2009-09-01

DNA fingerprinting analysis such as amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR), ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are frequently used in various fields of microbiology. The major difficulty in DNA fingerprinting data analysis is the alignment of multiple peak sets. We report here an R program for a clustering-based peak alignment algorithm, and its application to analyze various DNA fingerprinting data, such as ARDRA, rep-PCR, RISA, and DGGE data. The results obtained by our clustering algorithm and by BioNumerics software showed high similarity. Since several R packages have been established to statistically analyze various biological data, the distance matrix obtained by our R program can be used for subsequent statistical analyses, some of which were not previously performed but are useful in DNA fingerprinting studies.

Bidirectional peritoneal transport of albumin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Joffe, P; Henriksen, Jens Henrik Sahl

1995-01-01

The present study was undertaken in order to assess bidirectional peritoneal kinetics of albumin after simultaneous i.v. and i.p. injection of radioiodinated albumin tracers (125I-RISA and 131I-RISA) in eight clinically stable uraemic patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis...... (CAPD). The plasma volume, intravascular albumin mass (IVM), and overall extravasation rate of albumin were not significantly different from that found in healthy controls. Albumin flux from the plasma into the peritoneal cavity was 3.71 +/- 0.82 (SD) mumol/h, which was only 3% of the overall...... extravasation rate (137 +/- 52 mumol/h). Albumin flux from the peritoneal cavity into the plasma was substantially lower (0.22 +/- 0.07 mumol/h, P peritoneal accumulation of the albumin from plasma over 4 h was 14 +/- 3.2 mumol, which was significantly lower than the intraperitoneal albumin...

Research of Ionospheric Scintillation in Asia (RISA)

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-01

data. 2. RINEX_HO Software was Developed by Marques, Sao Paulo , Brazil , its main objective is to improve rinex file for the correction of second...data 24hours since July 2010 to middle of October 2011. Due to devastating floods of Thailand in October 2011, AIT’s SCINDA station was shut down...unlimited. 8 restored after floods , this station is perfectly in operation with satisfactory data archive.Figure 4.6 shows the hardware setup of SCINDA

Radiometric immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-hormone-binding protein antibodies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pierce, E.A.; Dame, M.C.; DeLuca, H.F.

1986-01-01

A radiometric immunosorbent assay (RISA) for the detection of monoclonal antibodies to hormone-binding proteins has been developed. The assay involves incubating hybridoma supernatants in microtiter wells that have been coated with goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies. Any mouse IgG in the test supernatant is thus specifically retained in the wells. Radioactive ligand-binding protein complexes are then incubated in the wells. The presence of anti-binding protein antibodies in the supernatant is indicated by specific retention of radioactive ligand-binding protein complexes in the wells. Crude antigen preparations, such as tissue homogenates, can be used to detect antibodies. The assay is capable of detecting antibody at concentrations 20 ng/ml (approx. 100 pM IgG). The RISA has been used successfully to screen for monoclonal antibodies to the intracellular receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and should be useful for the detection of antibodies to ligand-binding proteins in general

“Circulación de memes en WhatsApp: ambivalencias del humor desde la perspectiva de género”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esmeralda Ballesteros Doncel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La aplicación WhatsApp se ha convertido en todo un fenómeno social. Todo el mundo se relaciona por WhatsApp, enviando mensajes multimedia y, en ocasiones, memes. Piezas verbo-visuales surgidas en la cultura digital y que pretenden la risa de sus receptores. Este artículo explora un repertorio de memes capturados durante seis meses en un grupo de WhatsApp, formado por mujeres asalariadas con edades comprendidas entre 50 y 55 años. El análisis comienza con una caracterización de la gramática del meme tipo para, a continuación, examinar las temáticas e interpretar el sentido de los contenidos humorísticos distribuidos. Los resultados sugieren que el humor es algo más que divertimento y que la risa también está mediada por la estructura social, desprendiendo destellos de una cultura que mantiene sesgos de género, orientados indistintamente a mujeres y hombres.

The thalamus in drug addiction: from rodents to humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Anna S; Mitchell, Jameson A; Haber, Suzanne N; Alia-Klein, Nelly; Goldstein, Rita Z

2018-03-19

Impairments in response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) have been proposed to underlie the clinical symptoms of drug addiction as mediated by cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical networks. The bulk of evidence supporting the iRISA model comes from neuroimaging research that has focused on cortical and striatal influences with less emphasis on the role of the thalamus. Here, we highlight the importance of the thalamus in drug addiction, focusing on animal literature findings on thalamic nuclei in the context of drug-seeking, structural and functional changes of the thalamus as measured by imaging studies in human drug addiction, particularly during drug cue and non-drug reward processing, and response inhibition tasks. Findings from the animal literature suggest that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral habenula and the mediodorsal nucleus may be involved in the reinstatement, extinction and expression of drug-seeking behaviours. In support of the iRISA model, the human addiction imaging literature demonstrates enhanced thalamus activation when reacting to drug cues and reduced thalamus activation during response inhibition. This pattern of response was further associated with the severity of, and relapse in, drug addiction. Future animal studies could widen their field of focus by investigating the specific role(s) of different thalamic nuclei in different phases of the addiction cycle. Similarly, future human imaging studies should aim to specifically delineate the structure and function of different thalamic nuclei, for example, through the application of advanced imaging protocols at higher magnetic fields (7 Tesla).This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'. © 2018 The Author(s).

Visiones Párodicas: Risas, demonios, jocosidades y caricaturas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz González.

2008-08-01

Full Text Available This article attempts to characterize cartoons by examining topics related to them and parody in four different moments. The frst section addresses the arrival of laughter in the Americas and the present-day territory of Colombia. The relationship between laughter and innocence and maliciousness is noted. In the second section, the demon is presented as a source of evil and as an evangelical teaching tool in the same way that the cartoon is used as a method of teaching. The third section addressses the concepts of Charge and the cartoon in the universal language. It identifes Charge as the literature of manners in New Granada during the nineteenth century The parody of customs and its relationship to Realism in European art and to cartoons is noted. The last section discusses the relationship between cartoon and power: how the myth that cartoons can topple governments becomes, during periods of fun-damentalism, a double-edged weapon for the cartoonist.

Clinical studies short-lived isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Webber, M.D.; Victery, W.S.; Cragin, M.D.

1976-01-01

Progress is reported in the following areas of research: demonstration of intravascular thrombosis using tantalum particles and /sup 99m/Tc; correlation of MAA thrombosis scans with fibrinogen uptake test; RISA and 125 I-fibrinogen accumulation in sites of forming and formed thrombi; and clinicopathologic correlations of the 125 I thyroid scan

Development and characterization of attenuated metabolic mutants of Bordetella bronchiseptica for applications in vaccinology.

Science.gov (United States)

Yevsa, Tetyana; Ebensen, Thomas; Fuchs, Barbara; Zygmunt, Beata; Libanova, Rimma; Gross, Roy; Schulze, Kai; Guzmán, Carlos A

2013-01-01

Bordetella bronchiseptica is an important pathogen causing a number of veterinary respiratory syndromes in agriculturally important and food-producing confinement-reared animals, resulting in great economic losses annually amounting to billions of euros worldwide. Currently available live vaccines are incompletely satisfactory in terms of efficacy and safety. An efficient vaccine for livestock animals would allow reducing the application of antibiotics, thereby preventing the massive release of pharmaceuticals into the environment. Here, we describe two new potential vaccine strains based on the BB7865 strain. Two independent attenuating mutations were incorporated by homologous recombination in order to make negligible the risk of recombination and subsequent reversion to the virulent phenotype. The mutations are critical for bacterial metabolism, resistance to oxidative stress, intracellular survival and in vivo persistence. The resulting double mutants BB7865 risA aroA and BB7865 risA dapE were characterized as promising vaccine candidates, which are able to confer protection against colonization of the lower respiratory tract after sublethal challenge with the wild-type strain. © 2012 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

N-hydroxysuccinimide-hippuran ester: application for radiolabeling of macromolecules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chervu, L.R.; Chun, S.B.; Bhargava, K.K.

1987-01-01

A method for synthesis of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of radioactive orthoiodohippurric acid (OIH-OSU) is developed in order to label macromolecules including antibodies. The OIH-OSU is prepared in 87% yield by reacting molar equivalents of o-iodohippuric acid, N:N-di-succinimidyl carbonate and pyridine in DMF overnight. The active labeled ester is obtained using high specific activity OIH in a similar synthetic protocol. Conjugation of OIH-OSU to human serum albumin is effected by incubating the reactants for half an hour at room temperature followed by purification of the labeled protein on a Sephadex G-100 column with activity yield of 44.3%. Organ distribution for the labeled albumin preparation and the commercial iodinated human serum albumin (RISA) in mice and rats is similar. As expected urinary excretion of radioactivity for the labeled preparation is greater than that of RISA reflecting the rapid urinary clearance of the OIH moiety released into the bloodstream. Hippuran labeling method offers a mild and rapid protocol for radioiodine labeling of proteins and antibodies for application in diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures

Roof Integrated Solar Absorbers: The Measured Performance of ''Invisible'' Solar Collectors: Preprint

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colon, C. J.; Merrigan, T.

2001-01-01

The Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), with the support of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, has investigated the thermal performance of solar absorbers that are an integral, yet indistinguishable, part of a building's roof. The first roof-integrated solar absorber (RISA) system was retrofitted into FSEC's Flexible Roof Facility in Cocoa, Florida, in September 1998. This ''proof-of-concept'' system uses the asphalt shingle roof surface and the plywood decking under the shingles as an unglazed solar absorber. Data was gathered for a one-year period on the system performance. In Phase 2, two more RISA prototypes were constructed and submitted for testing. The first used the asphalt shingles on the roof surface with the tubing mounted on the underside of the plywood decking. The second prototype used metal roofing panels over a plywood substrate and placed the polymer tubing between the plywood decking and the metal roofing. This paper takes a first look at the thermal performance results for the ''invisible'' solar absorbers that use the actual roof surface of a building for solar heat collection

Developing a drought early warning information system for coastal ecosystems in the Carolinas

Science.gov (United States)

Kirsten Lackstrom; Amanda Brennan; Paul Conrads; Lisa Darby; Kirstin Dow; Daniel Tuford

2016-01-01

The National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and the Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments (CISA), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)- funded Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program, are partnering to develop and support a Carolinas Drought Early Warning System pilot program. Research and projects focus on...

Women even the odds. Healthcare isn't an "old boys' network" anymore, as women catch up to men in leadership positions.

Science.gov (United States)

Szot, Alison

2005-04-18

Women are increasingly taking influential jobs in healthcare, whether it's Carolyn Clancy at the AHRQ helping lead the way on improving quality through IT or Risa Lavizzo-Mourey helping dole out millions of dollars in grants at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Both won spots on Modern Healthcare's inaugural list of the Top 25 Women in Healthcare.

The carnivalization of the world as criticism: laughter, political action and subjectivity in social life and speech La carnavalización del mundo como crítica: risa, acción política y subjetividad en la vida social y en el hablar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Ernesto García Rodríguez

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Taking the notion of carnival as developed by Mijail Bakhtin as starting point, in this text I evaluate the possibility of vindicating a carnivalization of the world as a practice of social resistance and transformation in the face of the hegemony of an established dialogicity or a dominant, institutionalized discourse. I analyze the resource of parody and the exercise of subversion of the official –solemn– text, as well as the collective insertion of laughter, as means of inaugurating an alternate, or “second”, existence through which any identitary congruence linked to the reiteration of a discursive regime associated with power relations is contradicted. Thus, I conceive of carnivalization as a milieu generator of specific forms of language and communication that, availing itself of grotesque corporality and masking as well, contravene established patterns of functional, ordered conduct, thereby opening a path that leads to other practices of freedom and the production of subjectivity.A partir de la noción de carnaval desarrollada por Mijail Bajtin, en el presente texto valoro críticamente la posibilidad de reivindicar una carnavalización del mundo como práctica de resistencia y transformación social ante la hegemonía de una dialogicidad establecida o discurso dominante e institucionalizado. Se analiza el recurso de la parodia y el ejercicio de subversión del texto oficial o solemne, así como la inserción colectiva de la risa para inaugurar una existencia alterna o “segunda existencia”, en virtud de la cual se contradice cualquier congruencia identitaria vinculada a la reiteración de un régimen discursivo asociado a las relaciones de poder. Pienso entonces la carnavalización como ámbito generador de formas específicas de lenguaje y comunicación que, a través también de la corporalidad grotesca y el enmascaramiento, transgreden pautas establecidas del comportamiento funcional y ordenado y abren por tanto un camino

Tragedia, comedia y humor en el psicoanálisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Elisa Escobar María

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de la afirmación de S. Critchley de que el psicoanálisis es la prolongación, profundización y complicación de lo que él llama paradigma trágico-heroico, se trata de precisar que lo trágico es lo que hace inseparables la teoría y la experiencia psicoanalítica de la risa y los fenómenos ligados a ella. Esto, en general, ha sido insuficientemente indagado. Siguiendo estos argumentos, se presentan algunas observaciones en torno a esa especie de exhortación “volver a las cosas mismas”, tan afín al método freudiano, al “uso” de lo trágico-heroico en Lacan, al concepto de Cosa y al aporte de Freud al humor. Por otra parte, y en completa relación con lo anterior, se destacan algunos señalamientos lacanianos que ubican al “cuerpo” como central en la experiencia de lo cómico. Y por último, se examina la contraposición Bergson - Freud - Lacan en torno a la risa, lo mecánico y el lenguaje.

ESA Science Archives, VO tools and remote Scientific Data reduction in Grid Architectures

Science.gov (United States)

Arviset, C.; Barbarisi, I.; de La Calle, I.; Fajersztejn, N.; Freschi, M.; Gabriel, C.; Gomez, P.; Guainazzi, M.; Ibarra, A.; Laruelo, A.; Leon, I.; Micol, A.; Parrilla, E.; Ortiz, I.; Osuna, P.; Salgado, J.; Stebe, A.; Tapiador, D.

2008-08-01

This paper presents the latest functionalities of the ESA Science Archives located at ESAC, Spain, in particular, the following archives : the ISO Data Archive (IDA {http://iso.esac.esa.int/ida}), the XMM-Newton Science Archive (XSA {http://xmm.esac.esa.int/xsa}), the Integral SOC Science Data Archive (ISDA {http://integral.esac.esa.int/isda}) and the Planetary Science Archive (PSA {http://www.rssd.esa.int/psa}), both the classical and the map-based Mars Express interfaces. Furthermore, the ESA VOSpec {http://esavo.esac.esa.int/vospecapp} spectra analysis tool is described, which allows to access and display spectral information from VO resources (both real observational and theoretical spectra), including access to Lines database and recent analysis functionalities. In addition, we detail the first implementation of RISA (Remote Interface for Science Analysis), a web service providing remote users the ability to create fully configurable XMM-Newton data analysis workflows, and to deploy and run them on the ESAC Grid. RISA makes fully use of the inter-operability provided by the SIAP (Simple Image Access Protocol) services as data input, and at the same time its VO-compatible output can directly be used by general VO-tools.

Laugh of Art. Deformation of the Face

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon Felipe Benavides Narváes

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Reflexiones que recrean la relación entre el arte y el humor, a partir de la revisión de la obra plástica de Adrián Montenegro, ofreciendo una panorámica del arte contemporáneo de Pasto. Ejercicio de escritura que busca acentuar la deformación del rostro, y la risa, en la obra y acción artísticas.

Risoterapia en atletas de la Facultad de Cultura Física de Pinar del Río. Una alternativa contra el stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Emilio Valladares Fuente

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Es notable lo bien y relajados que nos hace sentir reírnos durante una película cómica, un programa de televisión o un evento humorístico. Del origen de la risa se conoce mucho menos de lo que se sabe sobre sus ventajas. La primera de ellas es el bienestar inmediato durante y después de una carcajada.

Innovative nuclear technologies based on radiation induced surface activation. (5) Development of high performance BWR by the radiation induced surface activation visualization study on the boiling enhancement with irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Yasuyuki; Okamoto, Koji; Madarame, Haruki; Takamasa, Tomoji

2004-01-01

Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. In our previous study, we confirmed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after irradiation of 60 Co gamma ray, by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of RISA on boiling phenomena, CHF of metal oxides irradiated by gamma rays were investigated. The heating test section made of titanium was 0.5 mm in diameter. Oxidation of the surface was carried out by plasma jetting. The test section was irradiated by 60 Co gamma ray with predetermined radiation intensity and period. A test piece had been hold horizontally on the electrode after 5400 kGy irradiation. Then, the whole CHF test apparatus with test piece was set on the table in the gamma ray irradiation room. The test piece was irradiated in the water at least 30 minutes. A CHF experiment in the pool boiling condition was carried out under atmospheric pressure under irradiation. The results of on-site experiment were compared with that of off-site one. (author)

XMM-Newton On-demand Reprocessing Using SaaS Technology

Science.gov (United States)

Ibarra, A.; Fajersztejn, N.; Loiseau, N.; Gabriel, C.

2014-05-01

We present here the architectural design of the new on-the-fly reprocessing capabilities that will be soon developed and implemented in the new XMM-Newton Science Operation Centre. The inclusion of processing capabilities into the archive, as we plan, will be possible thanks to the recent refurbishment of the XMM-Newton science archive, its alignment with the latest web technologies and the XMM-Newton Remote Interface for Science Analysis (RISA), a revolutionary idea of providing processing capabilities through internet services.

Peritoneal transport in CAPD patients with permanent loss of ultrafiltration capacity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heimbuerger, O.W.; Waniewski, J.; Werynski, A.; Tranaeus, A.; Lindholm, B.

1990-01-01

During a 10 year period, 14 out of 227 patients (6.2%) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) developed permanent loss of ultrafiltration capacity (UFC). The risk of UFC loss increased from 2.6% after one year to 30.9% after six years of treatment. A six hour, single dwell study with glucose 3.86% dialysis fluid was carried out in nine of the UFC loss patients and in 18 CAPD patients with normal UFC. Intraperitoneal dialysate volumes were calculated using 131I-tagged albumin (RISA) as volume marker with a correction applied for its elimination from the peritoneal cavity. The RISA elimination coefficient (KE), which can serve as an estimation of the upper limit of the lymphatic flow, was also calculated. Diffusive mass transport coefficients (KBD) for investigated solutes (glucose, creatinine, urea, potassium, total protein, albumin and beta 2-microglobulin) were calculated during a period of dialysate isovolemia. Two patterns of UFC loss were observed: (a) seven patients had high KBD values for small solutes resulting in rapid uptake of glucose, whereas KBD values for proteins were normal; (b) two patients had normal KBD values but a threefold increase both in the fluid reabsorption rate and KE. We conclude that loss of the osmotic driving force (due to increased diffusive mass transport for small solutes) and increased fluid reabsorption (possibly due to increased lymphatic reabsorption) are the two major causes of permanent loss of UFC in CAPD patients

De la sublimitat cortesa a l'efusió llibertina. L'altra cara de la «fin'amor»

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicenç Beltran

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Review of satirical and obscene poetry, from the Galician/Portuguese and Provençal traditions to the «Cancionero de obras provocantes a risa» including Baena’s «Cancionero» and the «Cancionero General» by Hernando del Castillo. The author shows there is continuity in the use of these themes that is independent of their treatment and the rhetorical settings.The last pages are dedicated to the «Carajicomedia», the work of an author who is familiar with Valencia and perhaps with the milieu of Fenollar and company.

Improvement of boiling heat transfer by radiation induced boiling enhancement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Yasuyuki; Okamoto, Koji; Madarame, Haruki; Takamasa, Tomoji

2003-01-01

For nuclear reactor systems, the critical heat flux (CHF) data is very important because it limits reactor efficiency. Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. In our previous study, we confirmed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after irradiation of 60 Co gamma ray, by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of RISA on boiling phenomena, surface wettability in a high-temperature environment and critical heat flux (CHF) of metal oxides irradiated by gamma rays were investigated. A CHF experiment in the pool boiling condition was carried out under atmospheric pressure. The heating test section made of titanium was 0.2 mm in thickness, 3 mm in height, and 60 mm in length. Oxidation of the surface was carried out by plasma jetting for 40 seconds. The test section was irradiated by 60 Co gamma ray with predetermined radiation intensity and period. The CHF of oxidized titanium was improved up to 100 percent after 800 kGy 60 Co gamma ray irradiation. We call this effect Radiation Induced Boiling Enhancement (RIBE). Before we conducted the CHF experiment, contact angles of the test pieces were measured to show the relationship between wettability and CHF. The CHF in the present experiment increases will surface wettability in the same manner as shown by Liaw and Dhir's results. (author)

Effect of surface wettability caused by radiation induced surface activation on leidenfrost condition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takamasa, T.; Hazuku, T.; Tamura, N.; Okamoto, K.; Mishima, K.; Furuya, M.

2003-01-01

Improving the limit of boiling heat transfer or critical heat flux requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. From this basis, we investigated surface wettability and Leidenfrost condition using metal oxides irradiated by γ-rays. In our previous study, contact angle, an indicator of macroscopic wettability, of a water droplet on metal oxide at room temperature was measured by image processing of the images obtained by a CCD video camera. The results showed that the surface wettability on metal oxide pieces of titanium, Zircaloy No. 4, SUS-304, and copper was improved significantly by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) on heat transferring phenomena, the Leidenfrost condition and quenching of metal oxides irradiated by γ-rays were investigated. In the Leidenfrost experiment, when the temperature of the heating surface reached the wetting limit temperature, water-solid contact vanished because a stable vapor film existed between the droplet and the metal surface; i.e., a Leidenfrost condition obtained. The wetting limit temperature increased with integrated irradiation dose. After irradiation, the wet length and the duration of contact increased, and the contact angle decreased. In the quenching test, high surface wettability, or a highly hydrophilic condition, of a simulated fuel rod made of SUS was achieved, and the quenching velocities were increased up to 20-30% after 300 kGy 60Co γ-ray irradiation

Improvement of boiling heat transfer by radiation induced boiling enhancement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Y.; Okamoto, K.; Madarame, H.; Takamasa, T.

2003-01-01

For nuclear reactor systems, the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) data is very important because it limits reactor efficiency. Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. In our previous study, we confirmed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after irradiation of 60Co gamma ray, by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of RISA on boiling phenomena, surface wettability in a high-temperature environment and Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of metal oxides irradiated by gamma rays were investigated. A CHF experiment in the pool boiling condition was carried out under atmospheric pressure. The heating test section made of titanium was 0.2mm in thickness, 3mm in height, and 60mm in length. Oxidation of the surfaces was carried out by plasma jetting for 40 seconds. The test section was irradiated by 60Co gamma ray with predetermined radiation intensity and period. The CHF of oxidized titanium was improved up to 100 percent after 800kGy 60Co gamma ray irradiation. We call this effect Radiation Induced Boiling Enhancement (RIBE). Before we conducted the CHF experiment, contact angles of the test pieces were measured to show the relationship between wettability and CHF. The CHF in the present experiment increases with surface wettability in the same manner as shown by Liaw and Dhir's results

Effect of surface wettability caused by radiation induced surface activation on leidenfrost condition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takamasa, T.; Hazuku, T.; Tamura, N.; Okamoto, K. [Tokyo Univ., Tokyo (Japan); Mishima, K. [Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan); Furuya, M. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

2003-07-01

Improving the limit of boiling heat transfer or critical heat flux requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. From this basis, we investigated surface wettability and Leidenfrost condition using metal oxides irradiated by {gamma}-rays. In our previous study, contact angle, an indicator of macroscopic wettability, of a water droplet on metal oxide at room temperature was measured by image processing of the images obtained by a CCD video camera. The results showed that the surface wettability on metal oxide pieces of titanium, Zircaloy No. 4, SUS-304, and copper was improved significantly by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) on heat transferring phenomena, the Leidenfrost condition and quenching of metal oxides irradiated by {gamma}-rays were investigated. In the Leidenfrost experiment, when the temperature of the heating surface reached the wetting limit temperature, water-solid contact vanished because a stable vapor film existed between the droplet and the metal surface; i.e., a Leidenfrost condition obtained. The wetting limit temperature increased with integrated irradiation dose. After irradiation, the wet length and the duration of contact increased, and the contact angle decreased. In the quenching test, high surface wettability, or a highly hydrophilic condition, of a simulated fuel rod made of SUS was achieved, and the quenching velocities were increased up to 20-30% after 300 kGy 60Co {gamma}-ray irradiation.

"¡QUIZÁS TAMBIÉN LA RISA TIENE AÚN UN PORVENIR!"

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Patrick Wotling

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza y estudia las implicaciones de la renovación de la idea de conocimiento inducida por el ¿saber jovial¿ en el pensamiento de Nietzsche. Muestra que las diversas comprensiones de la ciencia resultan de la dominación de ciertos afectos. Igualmente afirma que la cuestión de la jerarquía es central en la filosofía nietzscheana, y el problema de los valores es medular en su idea de saber jovial. Desde este punto de vista, se comprende el privilegio acordado a la jovialidad de espíritu (heiterkeit, garante de salud y de porvenir para la humanidad.

Entre risas y brumas: un recorrido hipertextual por el mundo artúrico

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Nieves Martín Rogero

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El acercamiento a la tradición resulta fundamental para el desarrollo de la competencia literaria de los más jóvenes. En este trabajo se incide en la pervivencia de la materia artúrica en la literatura infantil y juvenil de acuerdo a un enfoque intertextual. En concreto se profundiza en dos novelas juveniles escritas en castellano, La aventura de sir Karel de Nortumbria, de Manuel Alfonseca, y El rey Arturo cabalga de nuevo, más o menos, de Miguel Ángel Moleón, con objeto de confrontar las referencias a textos precedentes y esclarecer la nueva función que adquieren en la narrativa actual.

Violencia y memoria en Milan Kundera

OpenAIRE

Tafalla, Marta

2007-01-01

Partiendo de la filosofía de la memoria de T. W. Adorno, este artículo defiende la tesis de que la literatura tiene una mayor capacidad que la historia o la filosofía para explicar en qué consisten los regímenes totalitarios y para salvaguardar la memoria de sus víctimas. Con este propósito, toma como ejemplo la literatura del escritor checo Milan Kundera y analiza algunas de sus obras, especialmente El libro de la risa y el olvido, La insoportable levedad del ser y su ensayo El arte de la no...

La figura de la pérdida como catástrofe del individuo contemporáneo en la trilogía Un animal mudo levanta la vista de Germán Marín: Una lectura desde Peter Sloterdijk

OpenAIRE

Kottow, Andrea

2010-01-01

El artículo realiza una lectura de las novelas El palacio de la risa, Ídola y Cartago de Germán Marín desde la imagen de la pérdida del individuo de un cobije unitario, simbólicamente representado por la burbuja diádica propuesta por el filósofo Peter Sloterdijk. Se muestra a partir de un diálogo entre Marín y Sloterdijk que la narrativa del escritor chileno reitera en su trama la catástrofe de una pérdida irrecuperable del individuo moderno, quedando expulsado de una esfera protectora trasce...

¡CARNAVAL…uh uh...CARNAVAL…uh uh…CARNAVAL...uh uh…CARNAVAL!

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Jorge Enrique Londoño

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Siguiendo un recorrido por diversos actos del Carnaval de Riosucio, Caldas, Colombia, un caso particular de los posibles. Esta reflexión busca aclarar y precisar las potencialidades del carnaval como tiempo y espacio compartidos para la representación del mundo objetivo desde la risa y la ironía, para el encuentro consigo mismo y con los demás, a partir de la expresión artística paródica, propiciando la fraternidad, la reconciliación, la recuperación de lazos destruidos, la convivencia pacífica.

Laugh and Interview with Antonia Baehr

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Alicia G. Hierro

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Con motivo del programa Secciò Irregular celebrado en el Mercat de les Flors en Barcelona el pasado 16 de enero, la artista alemana Antonia Baehr2 mostró el resultado de una extensa investigación sobre la risa que ha ocupado los últimos siete años de su carrera. Rire, Laugh, Lachen3 (título original en tres idiomas se presentó dentro del circuito performativo en Madrid en el año 2010 dentro de Escena Contemporánea. En esta ocasión, en 2013 repite la misma performance aplaudida por la escena internacional.

Memória em desconstrução: da ditadura à pós-ditadura

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Paloma Vidal

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Como se narra o horror? Como se constrói uma memória do horror? A primeira questão se desdobra na segunda, quando se passa da ditadura à pós-ditadura, conforme mostra a leitura das narrativas do escritor argentino Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill. À luz da análise de dois contos do autor, "Muchacha punk" (1979 e "La larga risa de todos estos años" (1983, examina-se a maneira como suas narrativas operam um deslocamento na noção de testemunho, a fim de narrar os horrores da ditadura, e na construção da memória, ao apontar seu caráter inevitavelmente falho. Com esses deslocamentos, Fogwill deixa à mostra as fissuras da nação e desconstrói seus mitos.¿Cómo se narra el horror? ¿Cómo se construye una memoria del horror? La primera cuestión se desdobla en la segunda cuando se pasa de la dictadura a la postdictadura, según nos muestra la lectura de los relatos del escritor argentino Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill. A través del análisis de dos cuentos del autor, "Muchacha punk" (1979 y "La larga risa de todos estos años" (1983, el artículo examina la manera en que sus relatos operan un desplazamiento con relación a la noción de testimonio, a fin de narrar los horrores de la dictadura, y también con relación a la construcción de la memoria, al señalar su carácter inevitablemente fallido. Con esos desplazamientos, Fogwill dejará a muestra las fisuras de la nación y desconstruye sus mitos.How do we narrate horror? How do we construct a memory of horror? The first question unfolds into the second when we go from dictatorship to postdictatorship, as we may see in the narratives of Argentine writer Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill. Through the analysis of two of the author's short stories, "Muchacha punk" (1979 and "La larga risa de todos estos años" (1983, this article examines the way in which his narratives operate a shift in relation to the notion of testimony, in order to narrate the horrors of dictatorship, as well as in relation to the

Are Microbial Nanowires Responsible for Geoelectrical Changes at Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites?

Science.gov (United States)

Hager, C.; Atekwana, E. A.; Gorby, Y. A.; Duris, J. W.; Allen, J. P.; Atekwana, E. A.; Ownby, C.; Rossbach, S.

2007-05-01

Significant advances in near-surface geophysics and biogeophysics in particular, have clearly established a link between geoelectrical response and the growth and enzymatic activities of microbes in geologic media. Recent studies from hydrocarbon contaminated sites suggest that the activities of distinct microbial populations, specifically syntrophic, sulfate reducing, and dissimilatory iron reducing microbial populations are a contributing factor to elevated sediment conductivity. However, a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the processes and sources resulting in the measured electrical response remains uncertain. The recent discovery of bacterial nanowires and their electron transport capabilities suggest that if bacterial nanowires permeate the subsurface, they may in part be responsible for the anomalous conductivity response. In this study we investigated the microbial population structure, the presence of nanowires, and microbial-induced alterations of a hydrocarbon contaminated environment and relate them to the sediments' geoelectrical response. Our results show that microbial communities varied substantially along the vertical gradient and at depths where hydrocarbons saturated the sediments, ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) revealed signatures of microbial communities adapted to hydrocarbon impact. In contrast, RISA profiles from a background location showed little community variations with depth. While all sites showed evidence of microbial activity, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of sediment from the contaminated location showed pervasive development of "nanowire-like structures" with morphologies consistent with nanowires from laboratory experiments. SEM analysis suggests extensive alteration of the sediments by microbial Activity. We conclude that, excess organic carbon (electron donor) but limited electron acceptors in these environments cause microorganisms to produce nanowires to shuttle the electrons as they seek for

A proposed approach for enhancing design safety assurance of future plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oh, Kyu Myeng; Ahn, Sang Kyu; Lee, Chang Ju; Kim, Inn Seock

2010-01-01

This paper provides various insights from a detailed review of deterministic approaches typically applied to ensure design safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and risk-informed approaches proposed to evaluate safety of advanced reactors such as Generation IV reactors. Also considered herein are the risk-informed safety analysis (RISA) methodology suggested by Westinghouse as a means to improve the conventional accident analysis, together with the Technology Neutral Framework recently suggested by the U.S. NRC for safety evaluation of future plants. These insights from the comparative review of deterministic and risk-informed approaches could be used in further enhancing the methodology for design safety assurance of future plants

Los cuentos tristes

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Alberto Aguirre

1993-01-01

Full Text Available La casa del ruego y de la lluvia. Milciades Arévalo. 1992, 119 págs. Esta risa no es de loco. Medardo Arias Satizábal. 1992, 70 págs. La caja de música. Mauricio Peñaranda Castillo. 1992, 69 págs. Mariposas negras sobre la ciudad. Jesús Rincón Murcia. 1992, 167 págs. Acerca y de lejos. Celso Román. 1992, 127 págs. El informe de Galves. Roberto Rubiano Vargas. 1992, 137 págs. El retablo del reposo. Guido Leonardo Tamayo. 1991, 87 págs.

El arte de hoy : Germán Vargas se llevó la risa

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Ana María Escallón

1991-01-01

Full Text Available Dijo la prensa que Germán Vargas, murió en Barranquilla el 21 de mayo de 1991. A quienes no aceptamos la evidencia del hecho, resulta imposible referirnos a él con nuestras propias palabras. Por esto, el Boletin Cultural y Bibliográfico transcribe lo que otros dijeron. D.J.A.

Prescrição do dia: infusão de alegria. Utilizando a arte como instrumento na assistência à criança hospitalizada Prescripción del día: infusión de alegría, utilizando el arte como instrumento, en la asistencia al niño hospitalizado Prescription for the day: infusion of joy. Using art as an instrument for the care of hospitalized children

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Giovana Müler Françani

1998-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de um grupo de alunas do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo que utiliza a arte (aspectos do teatro Clown como recurso auxiliar da enfermagem na assistência à criança hospitalizada. Baseado no trabalho realizado pelo grupo "Doutores da Alegria" e nos conhecimentos teóricos das disciplinas de Psicologia e Enfermagem Pediátrica e Neonatal estas alunas criaram a Companhia do Riso que procura resgatar o riso da criança/família hospitalizada. A partir desta experiência pode-se observar algumas transformações no dia-a-dia: o espaço hospitalar tornou-se mais informal e descontraído, o riso pode ser ouvido com maior freqüência e objetos, sons, movimentos, cores, espaços e personagens podem se tornar brinquedos.El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar la experiencia de un grupo de alumnos de curso de pregrado de Enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidad de San Pablo, que utiliza el arte (aspectos del teatro Clon, como recurso auxiliar de Enfermería en la asistencia al niño hospitalizado. Basado en el trabajo realizado por el grupo "Doctores de la alegría" y en los conocimientos teóricos de las disciplinas de Sicología y Enfermería Pediátrica y Neonatal, estas alumnas crearon la compañía de la risa, que procura rescatar la risa de los niños y su familia en el hospital. A partir de esta experiencia se puede observar algunas transformaciones en el diario vivir: El espacio hospitalario se tornó más informal y sin ambiente pesado, la risas pueden ser oídas con mayor frecuencia, sonidos, movimientos, colores, espacios y personas pueden transformarse en juguetes.The purpose of this study is to report on the experiment of a group of undergraduate students from the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, who use art (some aspects of the Clown Theatre as a

A simplified and cost-effective enrichment protocol for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat without microaerobic incubation

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Zhou, Ping

2011-08-03

Abstract Background To simplify the methodology for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat, we evaluated 108 samples (breasts and thighs) using an unpaired sample design. The enrichment broths were incubated under aerobic conditions (subsamples A) and for comparison under microaerobic conditions (subsamples M) as recommended by current reference protocols. Sensors were used to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the broth and the percentage of oxygen (O2) in the head space of the bags used for enrichment. Campylobacter isolates were identified with multiplex PCR assays and typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses (RISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the bacterial communities of subsamples M and A after 48 h enrichment. Results The number of Campylobacter positive subsamples were similar for A and M when all samples were combined (P = 0.81) and when samples were analyzed by product (breast: P = 0.75; thigh: P = 1.00). Oxygen sensors showed that DO values in the broth were around 6 ppm and O2 values in the head space were 14-16% throughout incubation. PFGE demonstrated high genomic similarity of isolates in the majority of the samples in which isolates were obtained from subsamples A and M. RISA and DGGE results showed a large variability in the bacterial populations that could be attributed to sample-to-sample variations and not enrichment conditions (aerobic or microaerobic). These data also suggested that current sampling protocols are not optimized to determine the true number of Campylobacter positive samples in retail boiler meat. Conclusions Decreased DO in enrichment broths is naturally achieved. This simplified, cost-effective enrichment protocol with aerobic incubation could be incorporated into reference methods for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat.

And They Are Still Targeting: Assessing the Effectiveness of Targeted Sanctions against Zimbabwe Und sie sanktionieren weiter: Zur Wirksamkeit zielgerichteter Sanktionen gegen Simbabwe

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Jan Grebe

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Targeted sanctions have been extensively used by states throughout history to achieve political objectives. This article examines the European Union’s and United States’ targeted sanctions against the Zimbabwean regime, which have been in place for several years. The central thesis of the article is that the sanctions are not effective and thus have failed to achieve the political objectives of both the European Union and the United States. Numerous violations of the travel ban and the financial restrictions have undermined the general effectiveness of the sanctions. A detailed analysis of each individual measure empirically supports the argument that the ineffectiveness of the sanctions has negatively influenced the achievement of the political objectives. In addition, by taking a closer look at Risa Brooks’ theory and discussing it in regards to the Zimbabwean sanctions, attention is drawn to the question of how to target authoritarian regimes. Seit Jahrzehnten sind zielgerichtete Sanktionen ein wichtiges Instrument der internationalen Politik. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die von der Europäischen Union und den Vereinigten Staaten verhängten Sanktionen gegen das simbabwische Regime, die seit einigen Jahren wirksam sind. Zentrales Argument des Autors ist, dass diese Sanktionen bislang nicht effektiv waren und die damit verbundenen politischen Ziele daher nicht erreicht werden konnten. Zahlreiche Verstöße gegen das Reiseverbot und die Finanzrestriktionen haben die Wirksamkeit der Sanktionen untergraben. Eine empirische Analyse der einzelnen Sanktionsmaßnahmen unterstützt das Argument, dass die Ineffektivität der Sanktionen die Durchsetzung der politischen Ziele verhindert hat. Mit Blick auf die Theorie von Risa A. Brooks wird zudem der Frage nachgegangen, wie zielgerichtete Sanktionen gegen autoritäre Regime funktionieren können.

Depressed Mood and Speech in Chilean Mothers of 5½-Year-Old Children

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Katy M. Clark

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las investigaciones anteriores sobre el discurso y la depresión maternales se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en la manera en que madres deprimidas hablan con sus infantes y sus niños jóvenes en los EE.UU. y el Reino Unido, dos países anglófonos. Este estudio exploró la manera en que las madres deprimidas de un país latinoamericano hablan sobre sus niños. Muestras de discurso de 5 minutos fueron proporcionadas por 178 madres chilenas que se les pidió hablar de sus hijos a un sicóloga del proyecto. La sintomatología de depresión maternal fue medida por la versión en español de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D. En el análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA, humor deprimido maternal alto mostró asociaciones estadísticas significativas con las siguientes características del discurso maternal: más críticas, menos risa, menos pausas medianas, menos satisfacción positiva con la conducta y las características del niño, una negativa clasificación de la relación global, y más llanto (una tendencia sugerida. Un modelo de ecuación estructural confirmó estos datos y encontró un efecto indirecto entre la risa y las críticas: las madres con humor deprimido más alto quien se rieron menos también les criticaron a sus hijos menos. Estos resultados ilustran que el humor deprimido afecta desfavorablemente como un grupo de madres chilenas hablan de sus hijos.

A designated centre for people with disabilities operated by Health Service Executive, Meath

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Zhou, Ping

2011-08-03

Abstract Background To simplify the methodology for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat, we evaluated 108 samples (breasts and thighs) using an unpaired sample design. The enrichment broths were incubated under aerobic conditions (subsamples A) and for comparison under microaerobic conditions (subsamples M) as recommended by current reference protocols. Sensors were used to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the broth and the percentage of oxygen (O2) in the head space of the bags used for enrichment. Campylobacter isolates were identified with multiplex PCR assays and typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses (RISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the bacterial communities of subsamples M and A after 48 h enrichment. Results The number of Campylobacter positive subsamples were similar for A and M when all samples were combined (P = 0.81) and when samples were analyzed by product (breast: P = 0.75; thigh: P = 1.00). Oxygen sensors showed that DO values in the broth were around 6 ppm and O2 values in the head space were 14-16% throughout incubation. PFGE demonstrated high genomic similarity of isolates in the majority of the samples in which isolates were obtained from subsamples A and M. RISA and DGGE results showed a large variability in the bacterial populations that could be attributed to sample-to-sample variations and not enrichment conditions (aerobic or microaerobic). These data also suggested that current sampling protocols are not optimized to determine the true number of Campylobacter positive samples in retail boiler meat. Conclusions Decreased DO in enrichment broths is naturally achieved. This simplified, cost-effective enrichment protocol with aerobic incubation could be incorporated into reference methods for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat.

Melview Nursing Home, Prior Park, Clonmel, Tipperary.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Zhou, Ping

2011-08-03

Abstract Background To simplify the methodology for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat, we evaluated 108 samples (breasts and thighs) using an unpaired sample design. The enrichment broths were incubated under aerobic conditions (subsamples A) and for comparison under microaerobic conditions (subsamples M) as recommended by current reference protocols. Sensors were used to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the broth and the percentage of oxygen (O2) in the head space of the bags used for enrichment. Campylobacter isolates were identified with multiplex PCR assays and typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses (RISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the bacterial communities of subsamples M and A after 48 h enrichment. Results The number of Campylobacter positive subsamples were similar for A and M when all samples were combined (P = 0.81) and when samples were analyzed by product (breast: P = 0.75; thigh: P = 1.00). Oxygen sensors showed that DO values in the broth were around 6 ppm and O2 values in the head space were 14-16% throughout incubation. PFGE demonstrated high genomic similarity of isolates in the majority of the samples in which isolates were obtained from subsamples A and M. RISA and DGGE results showed a large variability in the bacterial populations that could be attributed to sample-to-sample variations and not enrichment conditions (aerobic or microaerobic). These data also suggested that current sampling protocols are not optimized to determine the true number of Campylobacter positive samples in retail boiler meat. Conclusions Decreased DO in enrichment broths is naturally achieved. This simplified, cost-effective enrichment protocol with aerobic incubation could be incorporated into reference methods for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat.

A designated centre for people with disabilities operated by Redwood Extended Care Facility Ltd, Meath

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Zhou, Ping

2011-08-03

Abstract Background To simplify the methodology for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat, we evaluated 108 samples (breasts and thighs) using an unpaired sample design. The enrichment broths were incubated under aerobic conditions (subsamples A) and for comparison under microaerobic conditions (subsamples M) as recommended by current reference protocols. Sensors were used to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the broth and the percentage of oxygen (O2) in the head space of the bags used for enrichment. Campylobacter isolates were identified with multiplex PCR assays and typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses (RISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the bacterial communities of subsamples M and A after 48 h enrichment. Results The number of Campylobacter positive subsamples were similar for A and M when all samples were combined (P = 0.81) and when samples were analyzed by product (breast: P = 0.75; thigh: P = 1.00). Oxygen sensors showed that DO values in the broth were around 6 ppm and O2 values in the head space were 14-16% throughout incubation. PFGE demonstrated high genomic similarity of isolates in the majority of the samples in which isolates were obtained from subsamples A and M. RISA and DGGE results showed a large variability in the bacterial populations that could be attributed to sample-to-sample variations and not enrichment conditions (aerobic or microaerobic). These data also suggested that current sampling protocols are not optimized to determine the true number of Campylobacter positive samples in retail boiler meat. Conclusions Decreased DO in enrichment broths is naturally achieved. This simplified, cost-effective enrichment protocol with aerobic incubation could be incorporated into reference methods for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat.

Aprendizaje tseltal: construir conocimientos con la alegría del corazón

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Jorge Urdapilleta Carrasco

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Para lograr una educación intercultural basada en la comprensión e inclusión de los valores de la cultura tseltal, se describen los principales elementos identificados en diferentes situaciones de la vida cotidiana, y posteriormente se analizan mediante la etnografía educativa interpretativa en dos casos: en el ámbito familiar y en un espacio de capacitación. Se busca examinar la influencia de los valores en la construcción social de conocimientos, y se concluye que es la “risa del corazón” y la aplicación práctica lo que más influye en que se produzca un aprendizaje significativo.

Adaptation of XMM-Newton SAS to GRID and VO architectures via web

Science.gov (United States)

Ibarra, A.; de La Calle, I.; Gabriel, C.; Salgado, J.; Osuna, P.

2008-10-01

The XMM-Newton Scientific Analysis Software (SAS) is a robust software that has allowed users to produce good scientific results since the beginning of the mission. This has been possible given the SAS capability to evolve with the advent of new technologies and adapt to the needs of the scientific community. The prototype of the Remote Interface for Science Analysis (RISA) presented here, is one such example, which provides remote analysis of XMM-Newton data with access to all the existing SAS functionality, while making use of GRID computing technology. This new technology has recently emerged within the astrophysical community to tackle the ever lasting problem of computer power for the reduction of large amounts of data.

Participatory Climate Research in a Dynamic Urban Context: Activities of the Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN)

Science.gov (United States)

Horton, Radley M.; Bader, Daniel A.; Montalto, Franco; Solecki, William

2016-01-01

The Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN), one of ten NOAA-RISAs, supports resilience efforts in the urban corridor stretching from Philadelphia to Boston. Challenges and opportunities include the diverse set of needs in broad urban contexts, as well as the integration of interdisciplinary perspectives. CCRUN is addressing these challenges through strategies including: 1) the development of an integrated project framework, 2) stakeholder surveys, 3) leveraging extreme weather events as focusing opportunities, and 4) a seminar series that enables scientists and stakeholders to partner. While recognizing that the most extreme weather events will always lead to surprises (even with sound planning), CCRUN endeavors to remain flexible by facilitating place-based research in an interdisciplinary context.

La grata dominación del humor publicitario

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Lic. Elena del Carmen Pérez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se propone dar cuenta de las estrategias con que el humor hace emerger, en el contexto general de los discursos, aquellos fragmentos omitidos por el decir oficial. Por su naturaleza de articulador ideológico, el texto publicitario (como todo texto remite a lo ya dicho en un estado dado de sociedad. En este sentido, resulta interesante observar qué fragmentos del discurso social recoge la publicidad humorística, con qué retórica los hace risibles y quiénes son aquellos sobre los que recae la risa. Se comentan avisos que son emitidos actualmente por canales de cable o aire en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina.

Emoción, gesto y actio: la risa en el Ab Urbe Condita (I

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Moreno Ferrero, Isabel

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Ab Vrbe Condita can be read as a set of rules for political and public responsibilities of the Roman citizen of the 1 st Century B.C. Livy stresses the fixed parameters of dignitas, gravitas and urbanitas, and all the traditional virtues of the aristocratic and conservative world that rule the lives of men and women. Those people’s emotions and gestures should abide by the conduct norms which are “convenient” to the world masters. This article deals with the emotions in the AVC, and in particular with laughter, one of the most primary forms of human expression, and, ironically, one which seems to have received little attention in Livy’s account. It is mentioned in but a few passages (ridere/-sus// inridere/-risus // arridere. There is almost no “hilarity” there; we only find it in a scene that describes some Greeks in a party which ends up dramatically shortly afterwards (40.7.1-3. And, unlike in Suetonius’ biography, no one ever bursts out laughing in the AVC. Livy’s heroes do not laugh much, and they do so only in certain circumstances. This scarcity allows us to analyze in detail the general characteristics and the dramatic construction of these passages, highlighting the historian’s ability to modify well-known rhetorical topics, to alter solutions and to adapt forms, in order to get new effects. The analysis also underlines Livy’s didactic and ideological approach and his master use of the traditional techniques of rhetoric.

Emoción, gesto y actio: la risa en el Ab Urbe Condita (II

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Moreno Ferrero, Isabel

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In the first part of this paper (Talia dixit 5, 2010, 1-24, we analysed the general features of those passages in which Livy used laughter as a main or underlying theme, on the basis of a series of terms (risus /ridere; inridere/risus // arridere whose application could allow us to infer the general concept of this particular emotion and gesture in AVC. Once this aspect has been examined, the main goal of this paper is not only the revision of those characteristics concerning this primary “emotion” within the context of the author’s work itself, but also the comprehensive study of such texts in order to highlight the way in which Livy set both the situation and the characters, creating a certain dramatic actio from which his historiographical and literary project benefitted. Only such an analysis helps us observe the rich spectrum of nuances used by the Paduan historian. Thus, we have intended to show in this paper how Livy obtained new effects by modifying and applying rhetorical theory; how he managed to make some of his characters singularly remembered by hearers or readers thanks to a selection of topics which fitted each of his particular purposes; and finally, how he was able to relate passages in different books and contexts through specific formulas that evoked in the recipient of his work the echo and image sought. Therefore, this paper will show a number of nuances higher than previously expected, since against presumptions, the encomium (praise in Rome still generated lights and shadows.

Sobre acciones, silencios y un sentido de humor particular en un equipo de cuidados paliativos

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Rafael Wainer

2009-09-01

Full Text Available En este artículo reflexiono en las complejas y contradictorias maneras en que un equipo de Cuidados Paliativos desarrolla un discurso y un sentido del humor particulares mientras asisten a personas que experimentan enfermedades terminales. El objetivo es pensar cómo los profesionales paliativistas manipulan, refuerzan, resignifican, y sobre todo, se apropian de una forma de comunicación verbal y no-verbal en la cual el silencio, el humor y la risa conforman una parte central de las tácticas terapéuticas de interacción con pacientes. Además, considero el uso del humor como modo de relacionarse con las presiones y contradicciones de la construcción cotidiana de su campo profesional.

The design and stability determination of wind turbine tower

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abas Abd Wahab; Khairul Barriyah

2001-01-01

In wind turbine tower design, two load categories (static and wind load) were considered. The static load for this structure is the tower self-weight, which can be calculated from its density and area of the material, whereas the wind load was calculated based on CP3: Chapter V: Part 2: 1972, using the maximum wind speed of 30 m/s. The stability of this tower under the action of these two loads has been determined using RISA-3D program. The program were subjected to two joint types, i.e pinned and fixed joints. The tower using fixed joint members has established the necessary tower stability. The simulation, calculation and results are being discussed in detail in this paper. (Author)

Cuerpos del Discurso y Discurso de los Cuerpos. Nietzsche y Bajtin en nuestras relaciones interculturales.

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José Luis Grosso

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La lucha cultural en la imposición de sentidos que devela la crítica genealógica nietzscheana encuentra en Bajtin su concreción sociológica en el concepto de “interacción discursiva” y su radical alteridad fundante en el concepto de “discurso ajeno”. Así, la trama cuerpo-sentido-poder es puesta en situación. Las relaciones interculturales en que (convivimos en las diversas regiones latinoamericanas complican aquella trama, volviéndola abigarrada, barroca, anudada de silencios, dolor, autonegaciones, desconocimientos, en la que el elemento festivo esencial de toda cultura da lugar a las maneras singulares de la burla, la risa, el escamoteo y el sacrificio. En este trabajo, luego de presentar algunos conceptos fundamentales de Friedrich Nietzsche (especialmente de La Genealogía de la Moral y de Mijail Bajtin (especialmente de El Marxismo y la Filosofía del Lenguaje, me referiré a la trama constitutiva de nuestras relaciones interculturales en nuestra experiencia colonial y nacional, desde una posición interpretativa poscolonial, y, finalmente, me detendré en esa trama en la socialidad de la risa y la burla y en el sentimiento de “añoranza”, que encuentra su largo y desbordado cauce en la música, como existenciarios que caracterizan y diferencian a los “santiagueños” en Argentina (José Luis Grosso. Indios Muertos, Negros Invisibles. Los santiagueños en Argentina. Dichos existenciarios constituyen las matrices epistémicas, emotivas y políticas de los procesos de subjetivación en el juego identidad/alteridad que van sedimentando en las historias de los cuerpos. Aportes de otros autores, tales como Jacques Derrida, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel de Certeau y Rodolfo Kusch, tendrán también un relieve crítico muy significativo en este trabajo.  Fecha de recepción: 30 octubre 2009. Fecha de aceptación: 05 de diciembre 2009.

Collaboration for Actionable Climate Science in Hawaii and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands

Science.gov (United States)

Keener, V. W.; Grecni, Z. N.; Helweg, D. A.

2016-12-01

Hawaii and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) encompass more than 2000 islands spread across millions of square miles of ocean. Islands can be high volcanic or low atolls, and vary widely in terms of geography, climate, ecology, language, culture, economies, government, and vulnerability to climate change impacts. For these reasons, meaningful collaboration across research groups and climate organizations is not only helpful, it is mandatory. No single group can address all the needs of every island, stakeholder, or sector, which has led to close collaboration and leveraging of research in the region to fill different niches. The NOAA-funded Pacific Regional Integrated Sciences & Assessments (RISA) program, DOI Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC), and the DOI LCC the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) all take a stakeholder oriented approach to climate research, and have successfully collaborated on both specific projects and larger initiatives. Examples of these collaborations include comprising the core team of the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA), the regional arm of the US National Climate Assessment, co-sponsoring a workshop on regional downscaling for scientists and managers, leveraging research projects across multiple sectors on a single island, collaborating on communication products such as handouts and websites to ensure a consistent message, and in the case of the Pacific RISA and the PICSC, jointly funding a PIRCA Sustained Assessment Specialist position. Barriers to collaboration have been around topics such as roles of research versus granting groups, perceived research overlap, and funding uncertainties. However, collaborations have been overwhelming positive in the Pacific Islands region due to communication, recognition of partners' strengths and expertise, and especially because of the "umbrella" organization and purpose provided by the PIRCA structure, which provides a shared platform for all

The neurovascular relation in oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Science.gov (United States)

Akula, James D; Mocko, Julie A; Benador, Ilan Y; Hansen, Ronald M; Favazza, Tara L; Vyhovsky, Tanya C; Fulton, Anne B

2008-01-01

Longitudinal studies in rat models of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have demonstrated that abnormalities of retinal vasculature and function change hand-in-hand. In the developing retina, vascular and neural structures are under cooperative molecular control. In this study of rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models of ROP, mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), semaphorin (Sema), and their neuropilin receptor (NRP) were examined during the course of retinopathy to evaluate their roles in the observed neurovascular congruency. Oxygen exposures designed to induce retinopathy were delivered to Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n=36) from postnatal day (P) 0 to P14 or from P7 to P14. Room-air-reared controls (n=18) were also studied. Sensitivities of the rod photoreceptors (S(rod)) and the postreceptor cells (Sm) were derived from electroretinographic (ERG) records. Arteriolar tortuosity, T(A), was derived from digital fundus images using Retinal Image multi-Scale Analysis (RISA) image analysis software. mRNA expression of VEGF(164), semaphorin IIIA (Sema3A), and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was evaluated by RT-PCR of retinal extracts. Tests were performed at P15-P16, P18-P19, and P25-P26. Relations among ERG, RISA, and PCR parameters were evaluated using linear regression on log transformed data. Sm was low and T(A) was high at young ages, then both resolved by P25-P26. VEGF(164) and Sema3A mRNA expression were also elevated early and decreased with age. Low Sm was significantly associated with high VEGF(164) and Sema3A expression. Low S(rod) was also significantly associated with high VEGF(164). S(rod) and Sm were both correlated with T(A). NRP-1 expression was little affected by OIR. The postreceptor retina appears to mediate the vascular abnormalities that characterize OIR. Because of the relationships revealed by these data, early treatment that targets the neural retina may mitigate the effects of ROP.

Luis Buñuel: el fantasma de la libertad entre el instinto y la risa

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Eduardo Peñuela Cañizal

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Os temas abordados por Buñuel nos são bem conhecidos, mas o que é importante em seus filmes é a maneira de apresentar esses temas através da mistura de elementos racionais e irracionais. Para o diretor espanhol o cinema é um instrumento de poesia e, nessa perspectiva, ele desenvolve modalidades de escrita destinadas a expressar todo tipo de significações libertárias. Neste artigo se borda uma dessas maneiras de escrita cinematográfica.

Transforming data into usable knowledge: the CIRC experience

Science.gov (United States)

Mote, P.; Lach, D.; Hartmann, H.; Abatzoglou, J. T.; Stevenson, J.

2017-12-01

NOAA's northwest RISA, the Climate Impacts Research Consortium, emphasizes the transformation of data into usable knowledge. This effort involves physical scientists (e.g., Abatzoglou) building web-based tools with climate and hydrologic data and model output, a team performing data mining to link crop loss claims to droughts, social scientists (eg., Lach, Hartmann) evaluating the effectiveness of such tools at communicating with end users, and two-way engagement with a wide variety of audiences who are interested in using and improving the tools. Unusual in this effort is the seamless integration across timescales past, present, and future; data mining; and the level of effort in evaluating the tools. We provide examples of agriculturally relevant climate variables (e.g. growing degree days, day of first fall freeze) and describe the iterative process of incorporating user feedback.

Gracias cortesanas en El médico de su honra: más sobre la apuesta del bufón Coquín y el rey don Pedro

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Adrián J. Sáez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Muchos de los acercamientos a El médico de su honra de Calderón se han centrado en el examen de la función del gracioso Coquín en la dominante atmósfera seria y especialmente en la apuesta de los dientes con el rey don Pedro, que ha dado lugar a ciertas lecturas eróticas que conviene revisar. Tanto este chiste como el alcance y sentido general de la comicidad en el drama solo cobran sentido a la luz de la tradición bufonesca y cortesana, que se basa en un concepto del humor torpe y violento, enmarcado a la vez en la perfecta imbricación de la risa en las tragedias de Calderón.

Carnaval y teatro en los siglos XVI y XVII: El Cortesano de Luis de Millán y la comedia burlesca barroca

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Adelaida Cortijo Ocaña

2004-12-01

Full Text Available La comedia burlesca es un subgénero teatral del siglo XVII que incluye unas cincuenta piezas conocidas, que se imprimieron —sólo una media docena después del siglo XVII— bajo el nombre genérico de 'burlescas', 'de disparates', 'de chanza' y 'de chistes'. Afloran aproximadamente durante el reinado de Felipe IV y se basan en el disparate como resorte central de la risa. Pueden englobarse dentro de otras modalidades burlesco-satíricas de la literatura renacentista y barroca, como la lírica satírico-burlesca (romances, contrafacta, etc., el diálogo satírico, los vejámenes, las pullas, las fiestas de locos, las sales, etc. «Se sitúan en el extremo opuesto a la tragedia y a las formas de la comedia seria»…

El humor en los servicios hospitalarios

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Aguinaga Benítez Óscar William

1998-12-01

Full Text Available

El humor es un fenómeno demasiado complejo para ser explicado fácilmente, sin embargo la risa, es una de las formas más admirables del comportamiento humano. El humor forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana y todos tenemos de él, ya desde nuestra más tierna infancia un conocimiento intuitivo. Muchos saben que el humor mejora las relaciones humanas, puede favorecer una cierta distensión y facilita el bienestar de todos los miembros de una empresa, dirigentes, empleados y obreros. Muchos esperan encontrar en él la forma de resolver los conflictos y de reducir la agresividad. Allí donde se encuentren hombres, existe el humor, comprenderlo mejor y utilizarlo más libremente y en el momento oportuno, puede ayudarnos a hacer nuestra vida más agradable.

Desafiando o campo literário: Bufólicas e as estratégias de produção da crença em Hilda Hilst

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Clovis Carvalho Britto

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza las estrategias de producción de creencia en Hilda Hilst (1930-2004 a través de las tensiones generadas por Bufólicas (1992 en el campo literario brasilero. Basado en referencias a Pierre Bourdieu, el articulo pone de relieve cómo la escritora promueve medios en favor de su distinción en ese espacio social al establecer un proyecto basado en la obscenidad, la risa y una fuerte crítica del mercado editorial. Con este fin, investiga cómo el libro consistió en un proyecto político, dirigiendo la producción de repertorios específicos acerca de Hilst en el mercado de bienes simbólicos, y al re-actualizar y ritualizar versiones construidas por la autora y por otros agentes.

“¡Quizás también la risa tiene aún un porvenir!”

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Patrick Wotling

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza y estudia las implicaciones de la renovación de la idea de conocimiento inducida por el “saber jovial” en el pensamiento de Nietzsche. Muestra que las diversas comprensiones de la ciencia resultan de la dominación de ciertos afectos. Igualmente afirma que la cuestión de la jerarquía es central en la filosofía nietzscheana, y el problema de los valores es medular en su idea de saber jovial. Desde este punto de vista, se comprende el privilegio acordado a la jovialidad de espíritu (heiterkeit, garante de salud y de porvenir para la humanidad.

Libros españoles

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Helcías Martán Góngora

1968-10-01

Full Text Available El viaje a través de los libros depara sorpresas semejantes a las que la geografía regala al romero, que cruza por valles y montañas. Así puedo zarpar de la mano de El principito de Antoine de Saint-Exupery, demorarme por una Temporada en el infierno con J. A. Rimbaud, detener el paso ante El muro inicial de Jean Paul Sartre. Mas ahora debo asistir a la cita previa con El príncipe de este mundo, el ensayo medular de José María Souvirón, cuyo subtítulo: La literatura moderna y el demonio sitúa al lector ante un tema que si bien mueve a risa a los escépticos, involucra en sus páginas lo más representativo de la narrativa y la poesía contemporáneas.

Dissociation of changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier from catecholamine-induced changes in blood pressure of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sankar, R.; Domer, F.R.; Taylor, B.

1982-01-01

Researchers have studied the effects of the pressor catecholamine, dopamine, and the depressor catecholamine, isoproterenol, on the systemic blood pressure and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to albumin in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. The permeability of the BBB to protein was measured by the extravasation of radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA). The permeability was decreased by both catecholamines despite the dose-dependent, yet opposite, changes in blood pressure in the WKY rats. The blood pressure response to both of the catecholamines was enhanced in the SHR rats. Isoproterenol caused a decrease in the permeability of the BBB in the SHR but dopamine did not. Results with both WKY and SHR rats are suggestive of an adrenergically-mediated decrease in movement across the BBB of compounds of large molecular weight, regardless of changes in blood pressure

On the Computation of Comprehensive Boolean Gröbner Bases

Science.gov (United States)

Inoue, Shutaro

We show that a comprehensive Boolean Gröbner basis of an ideal I in a Boolean polynomial ring B (bar A,bar X) with main variables bar X and parameters bar A can be obtained by simply computing a usual Boolean Gröbner basis of I regarding both bar X and bar A as variables with a certain block term order such that bar X ≫ bar A. The result together with a fact that a finite Boolean ring is isomorphic to a direct product of the Galois field mathbb{GF}_2 enables us to compute a comprehensive Boolean Gröbner basis by only computing corresponding Gröbner bases in a polynomial ring over mathbb{GF}_2. Our implementation in a computer algebra system Risa/Asir shows that our method is extremely efficient comparing with existing computation algorithms of comprehensive Boolean Gröbner bases.

On-the-fly Data Reprocessing and Analysis Capabilities from the XMM-Newton Archive

Science.gov (United States)

Ibarra, A.; Sarmiento, M.; Colomo, E.; Loiseau, N.; Salgado, J.; Gabriel, C.

2017-10-01

The XMM-Newton Science Archive (XSA) includes since last release the possibility to perform on-the-fly data processing with SAS through the Remote Interface for Science Analysis (RISA) server. It enables scientists to analyse data without any download and installation of data and software. The analysis options presently available include extraction of spectra and light curves of user-defined EPIC source regions and full reprocessing of data for which currently archived pipeline products were processed with older SAS versions or calibration files. The current pipeline is fully aligned with the most recent SAS and calibration, while the last full reprocessing of the archive was performed in 2013. The on-the-fly data processing functionality in this release is an experimental version and we invite the community to test and let us know their results. Known issues and workarounds are described in the 'Watchouts' section of the XSA web page. Feedback on how this functionality should evolve will be highly appreciated.

Poe y lo grotesco moderno

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David Roas

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Lo grotesco es una categoría estética que combina el humor y lo terrible (en sus muy diversas acepciones. Desde su primera manifestación carnavalesca, en la que la risa tiene un claro matiz festivo, lo grotesco ha ido evolucionando hacia posiciones donde, sin perder su dimensión humorística, se ha potenciado el componente siniestro, macabro, incluso terrorífico. Algunos cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe nos ofrecen una interesante encarnación de esa visión moderna de lo grotesco, con objetivos y formas variadas, que van desde la parodia y la sátira, a la manifestación más absurda y delirante de dicha categoría. Su análisis y comentario servirá también para alejar esos relatos de la órbita de lo fantástico, donde algunos críticos, equivocadamente, los han situado.

III Juego de asociaciones libres o pintura de aproximación al buñuelismo

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Luis Carlos Muñoz Sarmiento

2000-04-01

Full Text Available Casi ojo de la libertad/ Prefiguración/ Adivinación/ Casualidad/ Premonición/ Anticonformismo/ Inconformismo/ Desinterés/ Caos/ Filosofía de la muerte/ Herejía/ Anarquismo/ Surrealismo/ Marxismo/ Irreverencia/ Irrespeto/ Contradicción/ Ambigüedad/ Dualidad/ Insatisfacción/ Condenación/ Generosidad/ Fraternidad/ Caridad/ Peligro/ Subversión/ Sacerdocio (entendido como búsqueda del ser auténtico/ Renuncia/ Deseo/ Autenticidad/ Ocio/ Trabajo/ Extravío existencial/ Existencialismo/ Soledad/ Paranoia/ Masoquismo/ Fetichismo/ Necrofilia/ Posesión/ Misticismo/ Crimen/ Perversión/ Cambio/ Movimiento/ Aislamiento/ Excentricidad/ Locura/ Desbordamiento/ Claustro/ Camino/ Unidad/ Dispersión/ Sentido/ Sinsentido/ Coherencia/ Fragmentación/ Azar/ Experiencia/ Ruptura/ Poesía/ Pluralidad/ Análisis/ Síntesis/ Dialéctica/ Sentimiento/Absurdo/ Lógica/ Risa/ Racionalidad/ Irracionalidad/ Pulcritud/ Austeridad/ Autonomía/ Anticonvencionalismo/ Melodrama/ Amor/ Desamor/ Placer/ Hedonismo/ Tortura/ Sadomasoquismo/ Asesinato/ Incesto/ Comedia/ Drama/ Tragedia/ Tragicomedia/ Imposibilidad de amar/ ...de comer/ ...

Clinical application of extracellular fluid measurement using /sup 35/S-sodium sulfate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shionoiri, H; Kondo, K; Uneda, S; Goto, E; Ono, Y [Yokohama City Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Medicine

1977-09-01

ECF (extracellular fluid volume) was measured by /sup 35/S-sodium sulfate and at the same time value of PV (plasma volume) was determined by /sup 131/I-RISA in each subject. In normal ECF was average of 181 ml/kg, 6.21 l/m/sup 2/ and PV was 49.1 ml/kg, 1.69 l/m/sup 2/. Both values of ECF and PV in essential hypertension were almost the same as those in normal. In congestive heart failure ECF was 232 ml/kg, 7.51 l/m/sup 2/ and PV was 55.8 ml/kg, 1.80 l/m/sup 2/. In the patients with ascites or edema, ECF was 256 ml/kg, 8.69 l/m/sup 2/ and PV was 53.0 ml/kg, 1.79 l/m/sup 2/. The results of the measurement by the two compounds also corresponded to the conditions of the patients who showed electrolytes disorders (ACTH deficiency, SIADH) and was improved by treatment.

Mineralogical Control on Microbial Diversity in a Weathered Granite?

Science.gov (United States)

Gleeson, D.; Clipson, N.; McDermott, F.

2003-12-01

Mineral transformation reactions and the behaviour of metals in rock and soils are affected not only by physicochemical parameters but also by biological factors, particularly by microbial activity. Microbes inhabit a wide range of niches in surface and subsurface environments, with mineral-microbe interactions being generally poorly understood. The focus of this study is to elucidate the role of microbial activity in the weathering of common silicate minerals in granitic rocks. A site in the Wicklow Mountains (Ireland) has been identified that consists of an outcrop surface of Caledonian (ca. 400 million years old) pegmatitic granite from which large intact crystals of variably weathered muscovite, plagioclase, K-feldspar and quartz were sampled, together with whole-rock granite. Culture-based microbial approaches have been widely used to profile microbial communities, particularly from copiotrophic environments, but it is now well established that for oligotrophic environments such as those that would be expected on weathering faces, perhaps less than 1% of microbial diversity can be profiled by cultural means. A number of culture-independent molecular based approaches have been developed to profile microbial diversity and community structure. These rely on successfully isolating environmental DNA from a given environment, followed by the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the typically small quantities of extracted DNA. Amplified DNA can then be analysed using cloning based approaches as well as community fingerprinting systems such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). Community DNA was extracted and the intergenic spacer region (ITS) between small (16S) and large (23S) bacterial subunit rRNA genes was amplified. RISA fragments were then electrophoresed on a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Banding patterns suggest that

Cuerpos del Discurso y Discurso de los Cuerpos. Nietzsche y Bajtin en nuestras relaciones interculturales.

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José Luis Grosso

2009-12-01

Full Text Available

La lucha cultural en la imposición de sentidos que devela la crítica genealógica nietzscheana encuentra en Bajtin su concreción sociológica en el concepto de “interacción discursiva” y su radical alteridad fundante en el concepto de “discurso ajeno”. Así, la trama cuerpo-sentido-poder es puesta en situación. Las relaciones interculturales en que (convivimos en las diversas regiones latinoamericanas complican aquella trama, volviéndola abigarrada, barroca, anudada de silencios, dolor, autonegaciones, desconocimientos, en la que el elemento festivo esencial de toda cultura da lugar a las maneras singulares de la burla, la risa, el escamoteo y el sacrificio. En este trabajo, luego de presentar algunos conceptos fundamentales de Friedrich Nietzsche (especialmente de La Genealogía de la Moral y de Mijail Bajtin (especialmente de El Marxismo y la Filosofía del Lenguaje, me referiré a la trama constitutiva de nuestras relaciones interculturales en nuestra experiencia colonial y nacional, desde una posición interpretativa poscolonial, y, finalmente, me detendré en esa trama en la socialidad de la risa y la burla y en el sentimiento de “añoranza”, que encuentra su largo y desbordado cauce en la música, como existenciarios que caracterizan y diferencian a los “santiagueños” en Argentina (José Luis Grosso. Indios Muertos, Negros Invisibles. Los santiagueños en Argentina. Dichos existenciarios constituyen las matrices epistémicas, emotivas y políticas de los procesos de subjetivación en el juego identidad/alteridad que van sedimentando en las historias de los cuerpos. Aportes de otros autores, tales como Jacques Derrida, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel de Certeau y Rodolfo Kusch, tendrán también un relieve crítico muy

Entre compensación y disponibilidad: a propósito de ciertos temas de la condición humana en Arendt y Marquard

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Alicia Nathalie Chamorro

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente texto nos ocupamos de la condición antropológica del hombre desde su ser finito; de esta manera, se analiza la propuesta del hombre como ser de compensaciones del filósofo Odo Marquad, y se analizan las posibilidades de la razón límite para captar un sentido finito que es propio de la condición humana, a decir de Arendt. El sujeto necesita narrarse, inventar historias, porque no existe un sentido absoluto y fuera del tiempo, por ende, se duplica en las narraciones para compensar tal nostalgia del absoluto. Creamos ficciones y narrativas como forma de construir el sentido del mundo a través de la posibilidad. La intención final del texto es formular que solamente desde la razón límite, entendida como risa y llanto –expresiones de la racionalidad al topar con el límite de lo incompensable y lo contingente–, se logra el acercamiento más fundamental al deseo de pensar la experiencia de lo imprevisible y vulnerable.

Pierre Charmoz : La montagne à seins nus, un roman érotique de montagne, ou de la destruction du mythe alpin par le langage Pierre Charmoz: La Montagne à seins nus, or, the Debunking of the Alpine Myth trough Language Pierre Charmoz, La Sierra de los pechos desnudos o la destrucción del mito alpino por el lenguage

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Michel Mestre

1996-05-01

Full Text Available La Montagne à seins nus de Pierre Charmoz est l'un des rares romans de montagne dans lequel l'érotisme joue un rôle important. C'est également une tentative de remise en cause des mythologies sur lesquelles le roman de montagne s'appuie, pour n'en garder que l'aspect léger et humoristique.La Montagne à seins nus, by Pierre Charmoz, is one of these few mountain novels in which eroticism plays a major part, it is also an attempt at debunking the mythologies on which alpine novels traditionally rest. It keeps only laughter and a gentle spirit of derision from it.La Sierra de los pechos desnudos, de Pierre Charmoz, es una de las raras novelas de montaña en las cuales el erotismo ocupa un lugar preponderante. También se empeña en derribar los mitos sobre los cuales suelen construirse las novelas alpinas tradicionales. De éstos permanece la risa, y uno disfruta mientras se hace burla de ellos.

Neuroimaging Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution in Human Drug Addiction: A Systematic Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Zilverstand, Anna; Huang, Anna S; Alia-Klein, Nelly; Goldstein, Rita Z

2018-06-06

The impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) model proposes that impaired response inhibition and salience attribution underlie drug seeking and taking. To update this model, we systematically reviewed 105 task-related neuroimaging studies (n > 15/group) published since 2010. Results demonstrate specific impairments within six large-scale brain networks (reward, habit, salience, executive, memory, and self-directed networks) during drug cue exposure, decision making, inhibitory control, and social-emotional processing. Addicted individuals demonstrated increased recruitment of these networks during drug-related processing but a blunted response during non-drug-related processing, with the same networks also being implicated during resting state. Associations with real-life drug use, relapse, therapeutic interventions, and the relevance to initiation of drug use during adolescence support the clinical relevance of the results. Whereas the salience and executive networks showed impairments throughout the addiction cycle, the reward network was dysregulated at later stages of abuse. Effects were similar in alcohol, cannabis, and stimulant addiction. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analytical tool for the periodic safety analysis of NPP according to the PSA guideline. Vol. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balfanz, H.P.; Boehme, E.; Musekamp, W.; Hussels, U.; Becker, G.; Behr, H.; Luettgert, H.

1994-01-01

The SAIS (Safety Analysis and Informationssystem) Programme System is based on an integrated data base, which consists of a plant-data and a PSA related data part. Using SAIS analyses can be performed by special tools, which are connected directly to the data base. Two main editors, RISA+ and DEDIT, are used for data base management. The access to the data base is done via different types of pages, which are displayed on a displayed on a computer screen. The pages are called data sheets. Sets of input and output data sheets were implemented, such as system or component data sheets, fault trees or event trees. All input information, models and results needed for updated results of PSA (Living PSA) can be stored in the SAIS. The programme system contains the editor KVIEW which guarantees consistency of the stored data, e.g. with respect to names and codes of components and events. The information contained in the data base are called in by a standardized users guide programme, called Page Editor. (Brunsbuettel on reference NPP). (orig./HP) [de

Cerebral Scintigraphy in the Child and Nursing Infant; La Scintigraphie Cerebrale chez l'Enfant et le Nourrisson

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akerman, M.; Rougerie, J.; Guiot, G. [INSERM, Hopital Foch, Suresnes (France)

1969-05-15

Cerebral scintigraphy in the child is dealt with in only a few published studies. However, a separate study of this subject would appear to be justified in view of particular features of neurosurgical pathology in the child. In attacking this problem, one must first discuss the dosimetric data and then consider the problem of the detectability of tumours of the fovea posterior, median tumours of the base of the skull and astrocytomas, which are the tumours most frequently encountered in child pathology. The child and the nursing infant are subjects of choice for the application of scintigraphic techniques following local injection of radioactive compounds via the subarachnoid, intraventricular or intracavitary routes, for the study of communicating hydrocephalus or hydrocephalus due to stenosis, meningo-encephalitic malformations and chronic subdural haematomas. Over a period of five years, 400 nursing infants and children ranging in age from two months to 16 years were examined, i.e., 10% of the 4000 cranial examinations made in the authors' laboratory. Of these children, 105 had verifiable tumours, 12 subdural or extradural haematomas and 14 vascular malformations. Twenty-five examinations were made after local injection of RISA, for the purpose of studying the cerebral fluid cavities or tracing the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Two techniques were used and compared: measurement of radioactivity in contact with the skull (technique of T. Planiol) and automatic scintigraphy with a device having a 3-in. crystal and permitting recording in colour and on radiological film. The RISA was gradually replaced by {sup 197}Hg-Neohydrin, {sup 131}I-iodate and, lastly, by {sup 99m}Tc; these irradiated the body to a much smaller degree. After making a comparative study of the dose distribution in children for the various radioactive compounds, the authors discuss their results in terms, mainly, of lesion site, nature of lesion, technique and radioelement used. The

LUIS PUELLES ROMERO. Honoré Daumier. La risa republicana. Madrid: Adaba Editores, 2014, 427 págs., 154 ils.

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Miguel Ángel Gamonal Torres

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Hacer una aportación significativa al conocimiento de Daumier, su obra y su época, es una tarea que Luis Puelles, Profesor de Estética y Teoría de las Artes de la Universidad de Málaga, cumple de manera muy satisfactoria, sobre todo para el lector interesado que encuentra un sobresaliente ensayo en español, construido sobre la muy abundante literatura crítica e histórico-artística existente sobre el artista francés, pero también sobre el brillante dominio que el autor muestra de un sinfín de cuestiones y enfoques de índole estético-filosófico, aunque también sociológico, crítico-literario, etc. …

De la risa a carcajadas al mal ejemplo quijotesco en la novela del XVIII. Don Quijote de la Manchuela

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Agapita Jurado Santos

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Don Quixote rapidly became a huge success. It was translated into several languages and reworked into genres with a festive and theatrical nature. In Spain, during the seventeenth century, its comic side was exploited, which provoked liberating laughter that, in France, led to its association with the satire genre. In the eighteenth century, the novel was considered a minor genre, of no educational value. The century began with a fierce controversy over the meaning of Cervantes’ work, since according to Rapin, some readers would have seen a mockery of the Spanish nobility in the insane gentleman. However, during the eighteenth century the first steps were taken to reappraise Don Quixote due to its acceptance as a classic by the Spanish Royal Academy in 1780. The Academy considered Don Quixote a mocking and didactic hero, a bad example to be avoided. Yet, the work was an important step in the construction of a new genre, the novel. Don Quijote de la Manchuela, by Donato de Arenzana (1767, reflects an attentive reading of Cervantes’ Don Quixote, and special attention to the neoclassical cannon. Therefore it can provide useful information about writers’ interests, in the preromantic eighteenth century.

¡Huayra huayra pichcamanta!: augurio, risa y regeneración en la política tradicional (Pacota, Huarochirí

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2002-01-01

Full Text Available “¡HUAYRA HUAYRA PICHCAMANTA!” : AUGURE, RIRES ET RÉGÉNÉRATION DANS LA POLITIQUE TRADITIONNELLE (PACOTA, HUAROCHIRÍ Une variante du jeu d’oracle pichca, différente de celles décrites par Gentile Lafaille (1998, procure une augure annuelle pour l’agropastoralisme dans la région centrale de Huarochirí (département de Lima, Pérou. L’aspect ludique prédomine, mais les croyances et agissements associés à ce jeu ont également des conséquences pratiques. Aujourd’hui, comme dans le manuscrit quechua de Huarochirí de 1608 [?], un schéma de dualisme alternant sert à régénérer l’ordre politique face aux impondérables climatiques et historiques. Una variante del juego-oráculo de la pichca, diferente de las versiones estudiadas por Gentile Lafaille (1998, facilita el augurio anual para el agropastoralismo en el centro de la provincia de Huarochirí (departamento de Lima, Perú. La nota lúdica predomina, pero las prácticas y creencias en torno al juego también traen consecuencias prácticas. En la actualidad, como en el manuscrito quechua de Huarochirí de 1608 [?], el padrón llamado dualismo alternante sirve para regenerar el orden político frente a los imponderables del clima y de la historia. “¡HUAYRA HUAYRA PICHCAMANTA!” AUGURY, LAUGHTER, AND REGENERATION IN AN ANDEAN POLITICAL REGIME (PACOTA, HUAROCHIRÍ A variant of the oracular game pichca, different from variants described by Gentile Lafaille (1998, provides an annual augury for agropastoralism in central Huarochirí (Department of Lima, Peru. It is playful, but beliefs and practices around it also have practical consequence. Today as in the Huarochirí Quechua manuscript of 1608 [?], a pattern of alternating dualism serves to regenerate political order in the face of climatic and historical imponderables.

Diversity of bacterial communities on the facial skin of different age-group Thai males

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Alisa Wilantho

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Background Skin microbiome varies from person to person due to a combination of various factors, including age, biogeography, sex, cosmetics and genetics. Many skin disorders appear to be related to the resident microflora, yet databases of facial skin microbiome of many biogeographies, including Thai, are limited. Methods Metagenomics derived B-RISA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to identify the culture-independent bacterial diversity on Thai male faces (cheek and forehead areas. Skin samples were categorized (grouped into (i normal (teenage.hea and (ii acne-prone (teenage.acn young adults, and normal (iii middle-aged (middle.hea and (iv elderly (elderly.hea adults. Results The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was successful as the sequencing depth had an estimated >98% genus coverage of the true community. The major diversity was found between the young and elderly adults in both cheek and forehead areas, followed by that between normal and acne young adults. Detection of representative characteristics indicated that bacteria from the order Rhizobiales, genera Sphingomonas and Pseudoalteromonas, distinguished the elderly.hea microbiota, along the clinical features of wrinkles and pores. Prediction of the metabolic potential revealed reduced metabolic pathways involved in replication and repair, nucleotide metabolism and genetic translation in the elderly.hea compared with that in the teenage.hea. For young adults, some unique compositions such as abundance of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a minor diversity between normal and acne skins, were detected. The metabolic potentials of the acne vs. normal young adults showed that teenage.acn was low in many cellular processes (e.g., cell motility and environmental adaptation, but high in carbohydrate metabolism, which could support acne growth. Moreover, comparison with the age-matched males from the US (Boulder, Colorado to gain insight into the diversity across

Diversity of bacterial communities on the facial skin of different age-group Thai males.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilantho, Alisa; Deekaew, Pamornya; Srisuttiyakorn, Chutika; Tongsima, Sissades; Somboonna, Naraporn

2017-01-01

Skin microbiome varies from person to person due to a combination of various factors, including age, biogeography, sex, cosmetics and genetics. Many skin disorders appear to be related to the resident microflora, yet databases of facial skin microbiome of many biogeographies, including Thai, are limited. Metagenomics derived B-RISA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to identify the culture-independent bacterial diversity on Thai male faces (cheek and forehead areas). Skin samples were categorized (grouped) into (i) normal ( teenage.hea ) and (ii) acne-prone ( teenage.acn ) young adults, and normal (iii) middle-aged ( middle.hea ) and (iv) elderly ( elderly.hea ) adults. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was successful as the sequencing depth had an estimated >98% genus coverage of the true community. The major diversity was found between the young and elderly adults in both cheek and forehead areas, followed by that between normal and acne young adults. Detection of representative characteristics indicated that bacteria from the order Rhizobiales, genera Sphingomonas and Pseudoalteromonas , distinguished the elderly.hea microbiota, along the clinical features of wrinkles and pores. Prediction of the metabolic potential revealed reduced metabolic pathways involved in replication and repair, nucleotide metabolism and genetic translation in the elderly.hea compared with that in the teenage.hea . For young adults, some unique compositions such as abundance of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis , with a minor diversity between normal and acne skins, were detected. The metabolic potentials of the acne vs. normal young adults showed that teenage.acn was low in many cellular processes (e.g., cell motility and environmental adaptation), but high in carbohydrate metabolism, which could support acne growth. Moreover, comparison with the age-matched males from the US (Boulder, Colorado) to gain insight into the diversity across national biogeography

Scientists and Stakeholders in the Chesapeake Bay: How the Mid-Atlantic RISA Strengthens Climate Resilience Through Participatory Decision-Making Processes

Science.gov (United States)

Knopman, D.; Berg, N.

2017-12-01

The NOAA Mid-Atlantic Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (MARISA) program was formed in September 2016 to increase climate resilience in the Mid-Atlantic, with an initial focus on the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. In this talk, we will discuss how the program's unique structure and approach are designed to advance resilience to a changing climate through improved data, place-based decision support, and public engagement. Emphasis will be placed on MARISA's approach to integrating stakeholder perspectives from the onset of decision scoping, through the creation of actionable data sets, and concluding with the co-development of adaptation strategies between the scientific community, decision-makers, and stakeholders. Specific examples of this process involving climate-sensitive decisions and investments regarding water resources, land management, and urban corridors will be discussed.

Risa, fado y danza: empleabilidad y manejo de emociones en la página de Facebook de Randstad de Portugal

OpenAIRE

Matos, José Nuno

2015-01-01

The new forms of production require an increasing mobilization of the worker. From the way the worker presents himself, to his relationship with his colleagues and superiors, this effort requires a vast set of individual traits, among which the workers’ own emotional behaviour. The goal of this investigation is to understand what leads human resources management to wish to intervene in this area, by trying to identify the framework underpinning workers’ conduct. With this goal in mind, we wil...

La prehistoria en Las tres edades de Buster Keaton

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Alberto Lombo Montañés

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Un tipo extraño se pasea por la Edad de Piedra, imberbe y con inmensos zapatones de piel, se detiene para recoger unas flores en pleno desierto, no cabe duda, es un payaso y también un romántico, es Buster Keaton. Payaso, acróbata y equilibrista desde niño, Buster Keaton aprendió muy pronto los trucos del escenario. Sabía cómo hacer reír a la gente y preparaba sus films con la misma meticulosidad que una actuación circense. Es la época de los golpetazos y las persecuciones, es la época de los grandes gagman Charles Chaplin, Laurel y Hardy, Harry Langdon, Harold Lloyd y tantos otros. Pero si algo distingue el personaje de Keaton, además de ser el más auténtico de los payasos (Ayala, 1975, p. 51, es su serio semblante. En efecto Keaton no ríe nunca. Y la ausencia de la risa en su rostro ha suscitado casi tanta tinta como la misteriosa sonrisa de La Mona Lisa.

Denuncias sobre lo oculto y demandas de espacios escolares de jóvenes en contextos de pobreza en Argentina

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Eduardo Langer

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo es describir la escolaridad de jóvenes en contextos de pobreza urbana de Argentina según las demandas que expresan en los espacios escolares cotidianos. Nos referiremos a las maneras que tienen los y las jóvenes, según sus miradas y formas de pensar su escuela, de mostrar y denunciar lo invisible, y de dar significado a esos espacios mediante la ironía y la risa. Ello se realizará tomando como recurso metodológico cinco imágenes realizadas en una escuela secundaria ‒en un taller audiovisual en 2014, como una acción de investigación y extensión1‒. La interpretación se realizó en el marco de la sociología de la educación y los estudios de gubernamentalidad. Los resultados tienen que ver con que los y las jóvenes tienen una mirada esperanzada y confiada en la posibilidad de la educación porque quieren mejorar su escolaridad y encontrar sentidos ante los problemas que presentan sus barrios y sus escuelas.

El humor desde las ciencias sociales. El humor como herramienta resistencia en movimientos sociales; El caso del 15M.

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Isabel Casado Muñoz

2017-06-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, el humor está empezando a expandirse con una gran rapidez en sus aplicaciones, ha entrado en el mundo empresarial y educativo como estrategia para armonizar conflictos y crear sentimiento de grupo y en el nivel clínico y terapéutico (2008, Rod Martin. Estas aplicaciones recortarían el plano social del humor, al relegarlo a espacios privados o cerrados, lo que contrastaría con la concepción de la risa popular o colectiva en lugares públicos y abiertos, lo cual Bajtin ( Bakhtin en 1940 ya exponía en su obra sobre el carnaval renacentista. El humor es una emoción pero también un proceso social, estaría presente en protestas sociales no únicamente como herramienta a través de la que trasmitir un discurso de forma eficaz, sino que tendría un uso político, actuando en la práctica como un hecho performativo que implicaría una actitud de resistencia política en concordancia con el discurso emitido por el 15M.

Tequila Sunrise and Social Action

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Camilo Aedo Valejos

2005-05-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo presentamos un ejercicio narrativo acerca de la acción social y las teorías hermenéuticas que han intentado definir o hablar acerca de la misma. Se recogen propuestas diversas: desde las que abogan por considerar a la acción social como un texto hasta las consideraciones más pragmatistas acerca del para qué de la acción. En este relato se pone en juego, en el más puro sentido gadameriano, una ficción que tiene la virtud de tematizar y poner en acto, simultáneamente, un concepto que teóricamente ha sido elusivo. Este abordaje asume la sutil noción de narración ficticia que, de acuerdo a Paul Ricoeur, tiene la característica paradójica de que entre más irreal se sitúa una lectura, es más profunda y lejana su influencia sobre la realidad social. Por otro lado, coincidimos con Alfred Schutz en que, al abandonarnos a la risa, hay un ámbito de significado que otorga realidad al mundo ficticio y resignifica el mundo de la vida cotidiana.

Influence of convection on the diffusive transport and sieving of water and small solutes across the peritoneal membrane.

Science.gov (United States)

Asghar, Ramzana B; Diskin, Ann M; Spanel, Patrik; Smith, David; Davies, Simon J

2005-02-01

The three-pore model of peritoneal membrane physiology predicts sieving of small solutes as a result of the presence of a water-exclusive pathway. The purpose of this study was to measure the diffusive and convective components of small solute transport, including water, under differing convection. Triplicate studies were performed in eight stable individuals using 2-L exchanges of bicarbonate buffered 1.36 or 3.86% glucose and icodextrin. Diffusion of water was estimated by establishing an artificial gradient of deuterated water (HDO) between blood/body water and the dialysate. (125)RISA (radio-iodinated serum albumin) was used as an intraperitoneal volume marker to determine the net ultrafiltration and reabsorption of fluid. The mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) for HDO and solutes was estimated using the Garred and Waniewski equations. The MTAC of HDO calculated for 1.36% glucose and icodextrin were similar (36.8 versus 39.7 ml/min; P = 0.3), whereas for other solutes, values obtained using icodextrin were consistently higher (P solutes is a reflection of their sieving. The increase in the MTAC of water and urea associated with an increase in convection is most likely due to increased mixing within the interstitium.

ENFERMEDAD PSICOGÉNICA MASIVA DESPUÉS DE UNA CAMPAÑA DE VACUNACIÓN EPISODIOS ANTERIORES Y APROXIMACIÓN AL CASO COLOMBIANO

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Alfredo Jácome Roca

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Al revisar en la base de datos PubMed los términos “enfermedad psicogénica masiva” y “vacunación”, solo aparecen ocho referencias. Curiosamente todos esos casos asociados con vacunación masiva –con excepción de un brote acaecido en España con hepatitis B - se presentaron en países orientales como China y Taiwan y el virus de influenza AH1N1, Irán después de toxoide tetánico, Vietnam con vacuna oral de cólera y Jordania con un toxoide diftérico-tetánico. No se refiere la literatura a casos asociados a vacunación contra el VPH. Si se solo se investiga el término “enfermedad psicogénica masiva”, las referencias ascienden a 78, ya que estos fenómenos han venido siendo informados desde 1374, refiriéndose a bailes compulsivamente contagiosos o a risa contagiosa, y se asocian con situaciones reales o hasta cierto punto imaginarias que pueden crear pánico en una comunidad.

Os sentimentos da clientela assistida com atividades lúdicas durante a sessão de hemodiálise

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Renata Brites Teixeira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo captar los sentimientos generados por las actividades lúdicas desarrolladas durante la hemodiálisis. Hemos adoptado el enfoque fenomenológico cualitativo, considerando 12 clientes que estaban durante el tratamiento de hemodiálisis en un Hospital General, de porte medio, situado en Alfenas, MG. Se utilizó la entrevista abierta con la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo se siente con las actividades lúdicas desarrolladas durante la sesión de hemodiálisis? Fueron captados en todas las entrevistas sólo sentimientos positivos expresados por los núcleos de sentidos: la felicidad/alegría, entretenimiento/diversión; amistad y gratitud. El desarrollo de actividades lúdicas se mostró provechoso, despertando alegría, risas y entreteniendo las cuatro horas de hemodiálisis. Los relatos obtenidos indican la importancia del desarrollo del vínculo, del dar oídos y de las humanizaciones establecidas por la actividad de extensión, como enlace en el proceso de cuidar y hasta permite la aplicación de estrategias para fortalecer el proceso de humanización de la asistencia.

McCarthyism and American Opera L’Opéra américain face au McCarthyisme

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Klaus-Dieter Gross

2009-11-01

Full Text Available L’atmosphère anti-communiste qui caractérisa les États-Unis entre la fin de la seconde Guerre Mondiale et la fin des années 1950, et qui culmina avec des mesures légales ou extra-légales prises par le Comité des Activités Anti-américaines et par le sénateur McCarthy, eut une influence décisive sur l’opéra américain. Quelques rares ouvrages manifestent un soutien diffus pour le McCarthyisme (Still et Nabobov, tandis que d’autres nient son impact en promouvant des idées de gauche (Robinson et Blitzstein. D’autres œuvres incorporent la peur de la vague rouge dans leurs thèmes, mais sans lui donner une importance autre que secondaire. Enfin, trois opéras (Bernstein, Floyd et Ward abordent frontalement la question du fonctionnement rituel et des méthodes liberticides du McCarthyisme. Le déclin de ce mouvement coïncida, vers le début des années 1960, avec l’émergence d’un style opératique moins traditionaliste et plus abstrait.

La intertextualidad en el cine de Álex de la Iglesia:El caso del cómic

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Neftalí Pérez Franco

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Este artículo repasa la influencia del tebeo en las películas del director vasco, Alex de la Iglesia, cuyas primeras obras artísticas se deben a su condición de joven autor de historietas. El cine de este cineasta está marcado por claras reminiscencias provenientes de las viñetas: los superhéroes patéticos de Acción mutante se mueven por un contexto futurista muy del cómic de ciencia ficción; el humor estereotipado y los personajes grotescos del tebeo de la editorial Bruguera inundan todas sus comedias; o también son destacables los diversos homenajes narrativos o estéticos a la escuela franco-belga de Hergé y Goscinny. Esta fuerte influencia recorre toda su filmografía desde la mencionada ópera prima Acción mutante, hasta Crimen Ferpecto, pasando por títulos como El día de la bestia, Perdita Durango, Muertos de risa o La comunidad, hasta convertirse en un autor abanderado del fenómeno freak que marca tendencia en el cine español.

Organizer of International Conference on Science and Applied Science (Engineering and Educational Science) 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-01-01

Organizer Graduate Program, Physics Department, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia Phone/fax : 0271-669017 psw 308 email: icsas@mail.uns.ac.id Chairman 1. Prof. Dra. Soeparmi, M.A., Ph.D, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 2. Dr. Fuad Anwar, S.Si., M.Si, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Organizing Committee 1. Prof. Drs. Cari, M.A., M.Sc., PhD, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 2. Ahmad Marzuki, S.Si., Ph.D., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 3. Dr. Eng Budi Purnama, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 4. Dr. Fahru Nurosyid, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 5. Drs. Harjana, M.Si. M.Sc., Ph.D, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 6. Dr. Agus Supriyanto, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 7. Dr. Yofentina Iriani, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 8. Dr.Eng. Risa Suryana, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 9. Khairuddin, S.Si., M.Phil, Ph.D., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 10. Drs. Iwan Yahya, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 11. Mohtar Yunianto, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia 12. Dr. Nuryani, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia (paper)

Santa Teresa y sus cartas, historia de los sentimientos

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Egido, Teófanes

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Historical reflection on a peculiar dimension of St. Teresa of Jesus: the expression of her feelings in her writings, particularly in her abundant letters. The article focuses on the sense of humor, the joyfulness, and the importance of laughter in St. Teresa language, and also on the feeling of endearment with her family, with her order, with fray Juan de la Cruz. Ample space is dedicated to the tenderness towards girls in her convents. St. Teresa of Jesus appears as transgressor of 16th century social behaviours.Reflexión histórica sobre una dimensión peculiar de santa Teresa de Jesús: la expresión de sus sentimientos en sus escritos, de forma más especial en sus cartas abundantes. El artículo se centra en el sentido del humor, de la alegría, en la importancia de la risa en el lenguaje de santa Teresa y en el sentimiento de ternura con su familia, con su orden, con fray Juan de la Cruz. Se dedica un espacio amplio a la ternura hacia las niñas en sus conventos. Aparece santa Teresa de Jesús como trasgresora de los comportamientos sociales del siglo XVI.

Volatile fatty acids influence on the structure of microbial communities producing PHAs

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Slawomir Ciesielski

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs can be produced by microorganisms and are a biodegradable alternative to fossil-fuel based plastics. Currently, the focus is on reducing production costs by exploring alternative substrates for PHAs production, and on producing copolymers which are less brittle than monomers. Accordingly, this study used a substrate consisting of wastewater from waste-glycerol fermentation, supplemented with different amounts of acetic and propionic acids. These substrates were used to feed mixed microbial communities enriched from activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. A reactor supplemented with 2 mL of acetic acid produced 227.8 mg/L of a homopolymer of hydroxybutyrate (3HB; 4 mL of acetic acid produced 279.8 mg/L 3HB; whereas 4 mL of propionic acid produced 673.0 mg/L of a copolymer of 3HB and 3HV (hydroxyvalerate. Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA was used to show the differences between the communities created in the reactors. Thauera species predominated in biomass that produced 3HB; Paracoccus denitrificans in the biomass that produced 3HB-co-3HV. Because P. denitrificans produced the more desirable copolymer, it may be advantageous to promote its growth in PHAs-producing reactors by adding propionate.

Climate Literacy and Adaptation Solutions for Society

Science.gov (United States)

Sohl, L. E.; Chandler, M. A.

2011-12-01

Many climate literacy programs and resources are targeted specifically at children and young adults, as part of the concerted effort to improve STEM education in the U.S. This work is extremely important in building a future society that is well prepared to adopt policies promoting climate change resilience. What these climate literacy efforts seldom do, however, is reach the older adult population that is making economic decisions right now (or not, as the case may be) on matters that can be impacted by climate change. The result is a lack of appreciation of "climate intelligence" - information that could be incorporated into the decision-making process, to maximize opportunities, minimize risk, and create a climate-resilient economy. A National Climate Service, akin to the National Weather Service, would help provide legitimacy to the need for climate intelligence, and would certainly also be the first stop for both governments and private sector concerns seeking climate information for operational purposes. However, broader collaboration between the scientific and business communities is also needed, so that they become co-creators of knowledge that is beneficial and informative to all. The stakeholder-driven research that is the focus of NOAA's RISA (Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments) projects is one example of how such collaborations can be developed.

Comedia y Barroco. Narrativas del cuerpo en los círculos teatrales libertinos

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Walter Nelson Musich

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Nuestro análisis se centrará en las narrativas del cuerpo que se dejan entrever en dos producciones teatrales cómicas: en Le pédant joué (1654 de Cyrano de Bergerac y en Le malade imaginaire (1673 de Molière. Habiendo seleccionado el género cómico-satírico por su carácter irreverente que solapa bajo la risa la crítica (y en ella otra retórica sobre los cuerpos y escogiendo esta dupla de dramaturgos debido a su, reiteradamente marcada, pertenencia al grupo de los libertinos o librepensadores. La presente investigación parte de pensar que las condiciones políticas en las que se escribieron las piezas teatrales (fines inmediatos de la Fronda y plena consolidación del modelo absolutista con Luis XIV conjugadas con la peculiar construcción de la mirada de estos dramaturgos libertinos, como capaces de hablar desde una presunta lejanía y en algunos casos neutralidad, nos posibilitan encontrar otras contemplaciones y concepciones sobre los cuerpos en su proceso de producción social. Concepciones que en medio de una época marcada a fuego por la pertenencia estamentaria (estamentos en pleno proceso de redelimitación se organizan en narrativas y críticas sociopolíticas, inaugurando una proto-sociología.

Community Structure of Skin Microbiome of Gulf Killifish, Fundulus grandis, Is Driven by Seasonality and Not Exposure to Oiled Sediments in a Louisiana Salt Marsh.

Science.gov (United States)

Larsen, Andrea M; Bullard, Stephen A; Womble, Matthew; Arias, Covadonga R

2015-08-01

Mucus of fish skin harbors complex bacterial communities that likely contribute to fish homeostasis. When the equilibrium between the host and its external bacterial symbionts is disrupted, bacterial diversity decreases while opportunistic pathogen prevalence increases, making the onset of pathogenic bacterial infection more likely. Because of that relationship, documenting temporal and spatial microbial community changes may be predictive of fish health status. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was a potential stressor to the Gulf of Mexico's coastal ecosystem. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and pyrosequencing were used to analyze the bacterial communities (microbiome) associated with the skin and mucus of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) that were collected from oiled and non-oiled salt marsh sites in Barataria Bay, LA. Water samples and fin clips were collected to examine microbiome structure. The microbiome of Gulf killifish was significantly different from that of the surrounding water, mainly attributable to shifts in abundances of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. The Gulf killifish's microbiome was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, specifically members of Pseudomonas. No significant difference was found between microbiomes of fish collected from oiled and non-oiled sites suggesting little impact of oil contamination on fish bacterial assemblages. Conversely, seasonality significantly influenced microbiome structure. Overall, the high similarity observed between the microbiomes of individual fish observed during this study posits that skin and mucus of Gulf killifish have a resilient core microbiome.

Desarrollo de un Taller de risaterapia con un grupo de personas mayores

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Pablo Santos M.

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las personas mayores constituyen un grupo de edad que requiere especial atención. En este contexto, se hace necesario implementar actividades que fomenten el envejecimiento activo y su bienestar psicosocial. Objetivo: se investigan los beneficios de la participación en un taller de risaterapia sobre el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico de un grupo de personas mayores a partir de su experiencia. Metodología: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 57 personas mayores no institucionalizadas, con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 88 años, socias de tres Centros de Día para personas mayores de la Gerencia Territorial de Servicios Sociales de Salamanca (Junta de Castilla y León. El taller de risaterapia se desarrolló durante cuatro sesiones de tres horas de duración cada una, con una periodicidad semanal. Resultados: El análisis de contenido de los discursos de los participantes develan categorías vinculadas a crecimiento personal, mejora del estado de ánimo, valoración de la risa como actividad física y lúdica, incremento de la motivación y fortalecimiento de las relaciones interpersonales. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran los efectos positivos de los talleres de risaterapia sobre el bienestar psicológico y subjetivo de las personas mayores.

Quantification of osmotic water transport in vivo using fluorescent albumin.

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Morelle, Johann; Sow, Amadou; Vertommen, Didier; Jamar, François; Rippe, Bengt; Devuyst, Olivier

2014-10-15

Osmotic water transport across the peritoneal membrane is applied during peritoneal dialysis to remove the excess water accumulated in patients with end-stage renal disease. The discovery of aquaporin water channels and the generation of transgenic animals have stressed the need for novel and accurate methods to unravel molecular mechanisms of water permeability in vivo. Here, we describe the use of fluorescently labeled albumin as a reliable indicator of osmotic water transport across the peritoneal membrane in a well-established mouse model of peritoneal dialysis. After detailed evaluation of intraperitoneal tracer mass kinetics, the technique was validated against direct volumetry, considered as the gold standard. The pH-insensitive dye Alexa Fluor 555-albumin was applied to quantify osmotic water transport across the mouse peritoneal membrane resulting from modulating dialysate osmolality and genetic silencing of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1). Quantification of osmotic water transport using Alexa Fluor 555-albumin closely correlated with direct volumetry and with estimations based on radioiodinated ((125)I) serum albumin (RISA). The low intraperitoneal pressure probably accounts for the negligible disappearance of the tracer from the peritoneal cavity in this model. Taken together, these data demonstrate the appropriateness of pH-insensitive Alexa Fluor 555-albumin as a practical and reliable intraperitoneal volume tracer to quantify osmotic water transport in vivo. Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society.

Brood size modifications affect plumage bacterial assemblages of European starlings.

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Lucas, Françoise S; Moureau, Benoit; Jourdie, Violaine; Heeb, Philipp

2005-02-01

During reproduction, birds face trade-offs between time and energy devoted to parental effort and traits associated with self-maintenance. We manipulated brood sizes to investigate the effects of such trade-offs on feather bacterial densities and the structure of bacterial assemblages on feathers in adult European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, and in vitro feather degradation. As predicted by a trade-off between parental effort and self-maintenance, we found that birds with enlarged broods had more free-living bacteria on their feathers than birds with reduced broods. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between brood manipulation and original brood size on free-living bacterial densities suggesting that the trade-off is mediated by the adults' initial reproductive investment. In contrast, brood size manipulations had no significant effect on densities of attached bacteria. Using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), we demonstrated that brood manipulations significantly modified the structure (band pattern) of feather-degrading bacterial assemblages, but had no significant effect on their richness (number of bands) or the in vitro feather degradation. In vitro feather degradation varied in relation to the premanipulation brood size and positively with the richness of the feather degrading bacterial community. Besides brood manipulation effect, we found that ecological factors and individual traits, such as the age, the nest location or the capture date, shaped bacterial assemblages and feather degradation capacities.

A psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised (DSC-R cognitive distress, fatigue, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia subscales in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

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Naegeli AN

2010-03-01

Full Text Available April N Naegeli1, Timothy E Stump2, Risa P Hayes11Global Health Outcomes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Consultant, Indianapolis, IN, USAObjective: To explore the use of Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised (DSC-R Cognitive Distress, Fatigue, Hyperglycemia, and Hypoglycemia subscales as measures of acute diabetesassociated symptoms in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes.Research design and methods: Our study was conducted in context of two international, multicenter, randomized clinical trials for inhaled insulin. Confirmatory factor analyses and assessments of reliability and construct validity were performed.Results: Study participants were 371 patients with type 2 (56% male; mean age, 57 years and 481 with type 1 diabetes (57% male, mean age, 40 years. In both populations a four-factor model was the best fit. Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.79 and intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.63; subscales correlated (P ≤ 0.05 with measures of well-being and satisfaction (0.12 ≤ r ≤ 0.71. In patients with type 1 diabetes, three subscales correlated (P < 0.05 with A1C.Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the DSC-R Cognitive Distress, Fatigue, Hyperglycemia, and Hypoglycemia suggest they may be utilized in clinical trials as reliable and valid measures of acute symptoms of diabetes.Keywords: Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised, DSC-R, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, psychometric validation

Evaluation of haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms with potential application in the effluent treatment of the petroleum industry.

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Olguín-Lora, P; Le Borgne, S; Castorena-Cortés, G; Roldán-Carrillo, T; Zapata-Peñasco, I; Reyes-Avila, J; Alcántara-Pérez, S

2011-02-01

Haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing mixed cultures for the treatment of alkaline-saline effluents containing sulfide were characterized and evaluated. The mixed cultures (IMP-PB, IMP-XO and IMP-TL) were obtained from Mexican alkaline soils collected in Puebla (PB), Xochimilco (XO) and Tlahuac (TL), respectively. The Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) revealed bacteria related to Thioalkalibacterium and Thioalkalivibrio in IMP-XO and IMP-PB mixed cultures. Halomonas strains were detected in IMP-XO and IMP-TL. In addition, an uncultured Bacteroides bacterium was present in IMP-TL. Mixed cultures were evaluated at different pH and NaCl concentrations at 30°C. IMP-PB and IMP-TL expressed thiosulfate-oxidizing activity in the 7.5-10.5 pH range, whereas IMP-XO presented its maximal activity with 19.0 mg O₂ g (protein)⁻¹ min⁻¹, at pH 10.6; it was not affected by NaCl concentrations up to 1.7 M. In continuous culture, IMP-XO showed a growth rate of 15 day⁻¹, productivity of 433.4 mg(protein) l⁻¹ day⁻¹ and haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing activity was also detected up to 170 mM by means of N-methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA). Saline-alkaline soil samples are potential sources of haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and the mixed cultures could be applied in the treatment of inorganic sulfur compounds in petroleum industry effluents under alkaline-saline conditions.

Drug Addiction and Its Underlying Neurobiological Basis: Neuroimaging Evidence for the Involvement of the Frontal Cortex

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Goldstein, Rita Z.; Volkow, Nora D.

2005-01-01

Objective Studies of the neurobiological processes underlying drug addiction primarily have focused on limbic subcortical structures. Here the authors evaluated the role of frontal cortical structures in drug addiction. Method An integrated model of drug addiction that encompasses intoxication, bingeing, withdrawal, and craving is proposed. This model and findings from neuroimaging studies on the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional processes that are at the core of drug addiction were used to analyze the involvement of frontal structures in drug addiction. Results The orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus, which are regions neuroanatomically connected with limbic structures, are the frontal cortical areas most frequently implicated in drug addiction. They are activated in addicted subjects during intoxication, craving, and bingeing, and they are deactivated during withdrawal. These regions are also involved in higher-order cognitive and motivational functions, such as the ability to track, update, and modulate the salience of a reinforcer as a function of context and expectation and the ability to control and inhibit prepotent responses. Conclusions These results imply that addiction connotes cortically regulated cognitive and emotional processes, which result in the overvaluing of drug reinforcers, the undervaluing of alternative reinforcers, and deficits in inhibitory control for drug responses. These changes in addiction, which the authors call I-RISA (impaired response inhibition and salience attribution), expand the traditional concepts of drug dependence that emphasize limbic-regulated responses to pleasure and reward. PMID:12359667

A Laboratory of Extremophiles: Iceland Coordination Action for Research Activities on Life in Extreme Environments (CAREX Field Campaign

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Robert Hänsch

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Existence of life in extreme environments has been known for a long time, and their habitants have been investigated by different scientific disciplines for decades. However, reports of multidisciplinary research are uncommon. In this paper, we report an interdisciplinary three-day field campaign conducted in the framework of the Coordination Action for Research Activities on Life in Extreme Environments (CAREX FP7EU program, with participation of experts in the fields of life and earth sciences. In situ experiments and sampling were performed in a 20 m long hot springs system of different temperature (57 °C to 100 °C and pH (2 to 4. Abiotic factors were measured to study their influence on the diversity. The CO2 and H2S concentration varied at different sampling locations in the system, but the SO2 remained the same. Four biofilms, mainly composed by four different algae and phototrophic protists, showed differences in photosynthetic activity. Varying temperature of the sampling location affects chlorophyll fluorescence, not only in the microbial mats, but plants (Juncus, indicating selective adaptation to the environmental conditions. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR, DNA microarray and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE-based analysis in laboratory showed the presence of a diverse microbial population. Even a short duration (30 h deployment of a micro colonizer in this hot spring system led to colonization of microorganisms based on ribosomal intergenic spacer (RISA analysis. Polyphasic analysis of this hot spring system was possible due to the involvement of multidisciplinary approaches.

Bacterial community analysis of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Colombia with screening for lipid-degrading microorganisms.

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Silva-Bedoya, Lina Marcela; Sánchez-Pinzón, María Solange; Cadavid-Restrepo, Gloria Ester; Moreno-Herrera, Claudia Ximena

2016-11-01

The operation of wastewater treatment technologies depends on a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors. Microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plants play essential roles in the degradation and removal of organic waste and xenobiotic pollutants. Several microorganisms have been used in complementary treatments to process effluents rich in fats and oils. Microbial lipases have received significant industrial attention because of their stability, broad substrate specificity, high yields, and regular supply, as well as the fact that the microorganisms producing them grow rapidly on inexpensive media. In Colombia, bacterial community studies have focused on populations of cultivable nitrifying, heterotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in constructed wetlands. In this study, culture-dependent methods, culture-independent methods (TTGE, RISA) and enzymatic methods were used to estimate bacterial diversity, to monitor temporal and spatial changes in bacterial communities, and to screen microorganisms that presented lipolytic activity. The dominant microorganisms in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) examined in this study belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The enzymatic studies performed indicated that five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates possessed the ability to degrade lipids; additionally, the Serratia, Kosakonia and Mucor genera presented lipase-mediated transesterification activity. The implications of these findings in regard to possible applications are discussed later in this paper. Our results indicate that there is a wide diversity of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the different sections of the WWTP, which could indicate its ecological condition, functioning and general efficiency. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

¿De qué se ríe el pueblo? La crisis del régimen stronista en las caricaturas del semanario del partido revolucionario febrerista en Paraguay (1984-1987

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Lorena Marina Soler

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza el humor gráfico del semanario El Pueblo del Partido Revolucio-nario Febrerista en Paraguay en los tramos fina-les del régimen stronista (1984-1987 y, especí-ficamente, el papel que jugaron las ilustraciones y caricaturas como espacio de subversión al orden político. Propone como hipótesis que el fenómeno editorial del semanario se debió al encuentro de una mirada renovadora de un dibujante extranjero que en un horizonte de apertura democrática hizo que los nuevos sec-tores medios y urbanos de Asunción encontra-ran en el humor y la risa la manera de escapar de la opacidad conservadora impuesta por el stronismo.Palabras clave: Paraguay, dictadura, Stroessner, resistencia, humor gráfico.___________________Abstract: The articule analyces the graphic hu-mor of El Pueblo weekly written by “Partido Revolucionario Febrerista” in Paraguay towards the end of the Stroessner regime (1984/1987 and, specifically, the role played by the art-works and cartoons as a place for political sub-version. It also proposes as hypotheses that the publishing phenomenon of the weekly was due to the meeting of a renewed look of a foreign artist in a horizon of democratic opening that made Asunción´s new urban-middle class found humor andlaugh as a way to escape from the conservative opacity imposed by the stronismo.Keywords: Paraguay, dictartorship, Stroessner, resistance, graphic humor.

Microbial soil community analyses for forensic science: Application to a blind test.

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Demanèche, Sandrine; Schauser, Leif; Dawson, Lorna; Franqueville, Laure; Simonet, Pascal

2017-01-01

Soil complexity, heterogeneity and transferability make it valuable in forensic investigations to help obtain clues as to the origin of an unknown sample, or to compare samples from a suspect or object with samples collected at a crime scene. In a few countries, soil analysis is used in matters from site verification to estimates of time after death. However, up to date the application or use of soil information in criminal investigations has been limited. In particular, comparing bacterial communities in soil samples could be a useful tool for forensic science. To evaluate the relevance of this approach, a blind test was performed to determine the origin of two questioned samples (one from the mock crime scene and the other from a 50:50 mixture of the crime scene and the alibi site) compared to three control samples (soil samples from the crime scene, from a context site 25m away from the crime scene and from the alibi site which was the suspect's home). Two biological methods were used, Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Illumina Miseq, to evaluate the discriminating power of soil bacterial communities. Both techniques discriminated well between soils from a single source, but a combination of both techniques was necessary to show that the origin was a mixture of soils. This study illustrates the potential of applying microbial ecology methodologies in soil as an evaluative forensic tool. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The intrarenal distribution of 125I-albumin in the syrian hamster

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moeller, P.

1977-01-01

The intrarenal distribution of radioiodinated human serum albumin ( 125 RISA) after intravenous injection was studied in Syrian hamsters by scintillation counting and frozen section autoradiogrpahy. After 15, 30, and 60 min the virtual plasma albumin space in the renal cortex of the hamster represented 6.49, 7.13, and 8.06% respectively of the kidney tissue volume. From the cortex to the renal papilla the albumin space increased to about 30% of the tissue volume. In comparison to this the albumin space in the renal cortex of the rat was about 20%, and in the renal papilla about 33% (11). Frozen section autoradiography indicated that the distribution of radioalbumin in the renal cortex if the Syrian hamster is limited mainly to the kidney vessels, being especially noticeable in the glomerular capillaries. Toward the papilla increasingly greater (mainly extratubular) activity could be observed not only intravascularly but also interstitially. In the cortex of the rat kidney, on the other hand, radioactive albumin was accumulated (probably by filtration and reabsorption) predominantly in the proximal tubular epithelium. Within 30 min the kidneys of the rat excreted more than 10 times as much 125 I than the hamster kidneys. These results (substantially less cortical accumulation and urinary excretion of radioalbumin in the Syrian hamster) indicate that, in contrast to the rat, obviously much less albumin is filtered (and then accumulated by proximal reabsorption) by the Syrian hamster glomeruli. This suggests that the Syrian hamster kidney is more suitable than the rat kidney for determining the interstitial, cortical, albumin space. (orig./AJ) [de

Integrated Information Systems Across the Weather-Climate Continuum

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Pulwarty, R. S.; Higgins, W.; Nierenberg, C.; Trtanj, J.

2015-12-01

The increasing demand for well-organized (integrated) end-to-end research-based information has been highlighted in several National Academy studies, in IPCC Reports (such as the SREX and Fifth Assessment) and by public and private constituents. Such information constitutes a significant component of the "environmental intelligence" needed to address myriad societal needs for early warning and resilience across the weather-climate continuum. The next generation of climate research in service to the nation requires an even more visible, authoritative and robust commitment to scientific integration in support of adaptive information systems that address emergent risks and inform longer-term resilience strategies. A proven mechanism for resourcing such requirements is to demonstrate vision, purpose, support, connection to constituencies, and prototypes of desired capabilities. In this presentation we will discuss efforts at NOAA, and elsewhere, that: Improve information on how changes in extremes in key phenomena such as drought, floods, and heat stress impact management decisions for resource planning and disaster risk reduction Develop regional integrated information systems to address these emergent challenges, that integrate observations, monitoring and prediction, impacts assessments and scenarios, preparedness and adaptation, and coordination and capacity-building. Such systems, as illustrated through efforts such as NIDIS, have strengthened the integration across the foundational research enterprise (through for instance, RISAs, Modeling Analysis Predictions and Projections) by increasing agility for responding to emergent risks. The recently- initiated Climate Services Information System, in support of the WMO Global Framework for Climate Services draws on the above models and will be introduced during the presentation.

De los deseos de Peralta al deseo inconsciente (Lo cómico y el chiste en un cuento de Tomás Carrasquilla. // from Peralta`s desire to unconscious desire (The comic and the joke in a short story by Tomás Carrasquilla.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Ricardo Gallo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Literature and, in this case, an “Antioquenian popular short story” tackle the elusiveness of truth from a comic perspective. The short story titled En la Diestra de Dios Padre (To the Right Hand of Father God is well known for being a funny story. Its very author defined it as a complex short story with deep theological and religious features. Its comic references reveal a deeper and more fundamental truth about human life. The paradox is that the comic is a semi-tell that saves the effort of intellection by laughing, but keeping the sense, not only of the content, but especially also the effort saved. This is, in other words, a brief technique to express a repressed truth. // La literatura, y en este caso un "cuento popular antioqueño", abordan lo esquivo de la verdad desde el ángulo cómico. El cuento En la diestra de Dios Padre es reconocido por lo chistoso. El mismo Tomas Carrasquilla lo definió como un complejo cuento de características teológico religiosas profundas. Es como si lo cómico que hay en él dejara traslucir verdades más profundas, más esenciales, de la vida humana. Lo paradójico es que lo cómico es un semidecir, ahorra el esfuerzo de la intelección a través de la risa, pero manteniendo el sentido no solo de lo contenido sino, en particular, del esfuerzo ahorrado. Es, para decirlo de otra manera, una técnica abreviada de evidenciar la verdad reprimida.

Embedding Climate Services

Science.gov (United States)

Shafer, M.; Boone, M.; Keim, B. D.

2015-12-01

With the rapidly-increasing number of climate services providers, the landscape for putting climate into practice is getting both easier to access and more confusing. Each provider serves a different clientele, and in so doing draws more stakeholder organizations into the sphere of those using climate information in decision-making. The challenge has been in connecting these new stakeholders with expertise that may reside within a different provider organization. To help close the gap, the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program (SCIPP; http://www.southernclimate.org), a NOAA RISA Team, initiated a summer internship program, where students with expertise in meteorology or climatology would work for an organization more closely aligned with another climate services provider network. The format was patterned after the successful NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program at the National Weather Center, where students are selected from undergraduate programs across the nation to spend a summer conducting research under a scientific mentor. The SCIPP initiative flipped this model, instead sending students to organizations with operational needs for climate information to work under their mentorship in partnership with SCIPP scientists. Over the past two summers, SCIPP has recruited students to work at landscape-based (Gulf Coast Joint Venture and National Wetlands Research Center) and community-based (Tulsa Partners) organizations. Students worked alongside the organizations' staff on a daily basis and were supported through periodic calls with the SCIPP team to help identify appropriate datasets and work through methodological issues. This presentation will discuss how these relationships were created, the expertise of each of the organizations involved, and outcomes from the projects.

Assessing the effect of weight and weight loss in obese persons with type 2 diabetes

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Bradley Curtis

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Bradley Curtis1, Risa P Hayes1, Sheri Fehnel2, Laurie Zografos21Global Health Outcomes, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USAAbstract: The objective of this study was to assess specific areas of life in which obesity affects individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, and changes that obese persons with T2DM experience with weight loss of varying degrees. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted in persons identified as: age ≥40 years, diagnosed with T2DM for ≥2 years, on oral antihyperglycemic medications >3 months, BMI 30–35 kg/m2, having attempted to lose weight in the last 2 years. Participants (60% female, mean age 53 years, 53% Caucasian, mean BMI 32.2 kg/m2 agreed that 5% weight loss, while not reflective of an ultimate goal, would be meaningful and important; benefits were expected to accrue in physical functioning, self-confidence, blood glucose levels, and motivation to keep losing weight. Participants reported the greatest effect of weight loss on energy, physical activity, mobility, pain, and clothes/appearance. Participants reported weight affecting mood, with feelings of depression and frustration most commonly described. This research indicates that weight loss is likely to affect health-related quality of life in obese individuals with T2DM. Given the purported weight loss benefits of many emerging diabetic medications, it will be important to include measures of weight-related quality of life in future clinical trials of these agents.Keywords: health-related quality of life, obesity, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, patient-reported outcomes

Linking Resilience and Transformation as Micro- and Macro Adaptation

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, E.; Breitzer, R.; Solecki, W. D.

2017-12-01

The concept of resiliency within climate adaptation planning and practice is widespread, but in some ways it has begun to suffer from its own success. While resiliency provides a valuable frame for understanding the conditions and opportunities for localized responses to increasing climate risks, the concept's ubiquitous use leads to it being applied to often conflicting policy agendas, which can mask or limit the capacity to connect efforts focused on near term risk to longer term and emergent climate threats in communities. These challenges are particularly evident in the context of extreme events and in the post extreme event policy windows. To overcome these issues and take advantage of the post-event policy window, the NOAA RISA Climate Change Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN) project has been developing two specific, "boutique", policy tools. These include the PELT (Post-event learning toolkit) and MART (Macro-adaptation Resilience toolkit) toolkits. Embedded in these toolkits are two approaches to small scale strategies often associated with near term action (i.e., micro-adaptation) and large scale strategies associated with broad longer term needs (i.e., macro-adaptation). In this paper, these two approaches - micro and macro adaptation - are theoretically defined and presented in practice through the beta-testing of the PELT and MART toolkits. Most importantly, we illustrate how the theoretical links between resiliency and transformation can be operationalized through the use of these approaches, and how these approaches can be implemented in everyday risk management practice. We present our work through selected case studies in the Northeast US region, specifically in Jamaica Bay, New York, and Eastwick neighborhood in Philadelphia.

Annual report of JMTR, FY2006. April 1, 2006 - March 31, 2007

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-03-01

During the FY2006 (April 2006 to March 2007), the Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR) was operated for three operation cycles from 162nd cycle to 165th cycle. Various irradiation tests and post-irradiation examinations (PIEs) were performed for studies on Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking (IASCC) of light-water-reactor internals, development of the fusion blanket, basic materials researches, radioisotope production, and so on. The operation was stopped by 165th cycle according to schedule. And maintenance work and preservation work of the facilities has been started for the refurbishment of the JMTR. Renewal of equipments and aging management of equipments and reactor facilities were carried out according to long-term maintenance plan which was based on periodical evaluation related to maintenance and safety management of reactor facilities. Regarding development on irradiation techniques, the in-situ irradiation tests using load control unit which was developed for in-pile SCC tests of IASCC studies were finished. At the hot laboratory, PIEs for the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) capsule were performed with the X-ray diffract meter which was moved from the Nuclear Science Research Institute. Under the Arrangement for the Implementation of Cooperative Research Program between the JAEA and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), mutual exchange was conducted for information exchange of irradiation and PIE techniques. As for the refurbishment and restart of JMTR, contents of the midterm targets were changed according to unofficial notification of budget in FY2007 by the Ministry of Finance. And it was officially decided to start refurbishment work at FY2007 for restart of the JMTR in FY2011. (author)

SURVIVING SEXUAL ABUSE IN EVERYDAY LIFE: FORMS OF RESISTANCE USED BY CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

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Margaret Olinda de Souza Carvalho e Lira

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: aprender formas de resistencia utilizadas por niños y adolescentes en un cotidiano familiar de abuso sexual. Método: investigación cualitativa desarrollada en un Centro de Atendimiento a la Mujer en Situación de Violencia en el Semiárido de Pernambuco, con datos recolectados entre junio y noviembre de 2014, por medio de entrevista con nueve mujeres. El proceso de análisis se fundamentó en nociones de la Sociología Comprensiva y del Cotidiano, con datos organizados por afinidad, interpretados y categorizados. Resultados: emergieron las categorías: ritualización del abuso sexual de niños y adolescentes en el cotidiano familiar: aceptación de la vida por la pasividad; camuflajes para sobrevivir a lo vivido sobre el abuso sexual: silencio, astucia y doble juego, y, entre lo oculto y la revelación del abuso sexual. Puede percibirse que los episodios de abuso ocurrían en secreto y bajo la amenaza de los abusadores a través de gestos o palabras intimidantes. Las víctimas no entraban en confrontación con ellos y para llamar la atención o pedir auxilio usaban artimañas como metáforas, risas y palabras irónicas, además de despistarlos con disculpas, escondiéndose, fingiendo dormir o escapándose para la calle. Conclusión: la centralidad subterránea presente en el abuso sexual desencadenó formas de resistencia en oposición a la opresión generada por el abusador en que, para la aceptación de la vida, las participantes desarrollaron diferentes mecanismos de sobrevivencia, además de encontrar en el trabajo voluntario, música y deporte, los respiraderos para aliviar el peso generado por la ocultación del abuso.

EXAM-HRA. A comparison between HRA approaches in Nordic countries and in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, G.; Hussels, U.; Schubert, B.; Maennistoe, Ilkka

2012-01-01

A joint project called ''EXAM-HRA'' is performed by German, Swedish and Finnish nuclear power plants. The working group presently consists of: - Kent Bladh, RAB. - Anders Karlsson, FKA. - Guenter Becker and Marina Proske, RISA. - Ilkka Maennistoeand Jan-Erik Holmberg, VTT. - Lasse Tunturivuori, TVO. - Christian Bjursten Carlsson and Anders Olsson, Scandpower. - Gunnar Johanson and Lisa Fritzson, ES-konsult. The overall project objective is to provide guidance for a ''state of the art'' human reliability analysis (HRA) for purposes of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to ensure that plant specific properties are properly taken into consideration in the analysis /1/. This will also provide means to improve plant features based on HRA and PSA results as well as providing means to improve Nordic and German HRA application for PSA purposes. In previous phase 1, a method of comparing existing HRA analysis has been developed and applied to tasks, which have been modelled for various German and Nordic PSA. In phase 2, three plant visits have been performed in Brunsbuettel (Germany), Forsmark (Sweden), and Olkiluoto (Finland) to compare actions in more detail, and to perform additional analysis using specific variants of HRA methods. Although both German and Nordic partners strongly rely on THERP method, the variants of this HRA method turned out to differ in some aspects. Swedish and Finnish analyses focus on the diagnosis part of the action. They are based on the time correlation of Swain /2/, but they make use of additional performance shaping factors normally not used in Germany. German analyses have a less complex model for diagnosis, but a more thorough investigation of the various action steps, especially considering various types of recovery. This will be demonstrated by an example, which will show the different analyses and their influence on results. (orig.)

Poéticas del humor: desde el novecentismo hasta la época contemporánea

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Llera, José Antonio

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Although the concepts of laughter and humour merited the attention of authors of the Generation of '98 such as Valle-Inclán, Unamuno and Baroja, it was within the context of the movement's vanguard, as well as via the work of Ramón Gómez de la Serna that these subjects were treated with the most depth. Subsequently, the so-called «other Generation of '27», following the leadership of Ramón, offered its thoughts on the scope of a completely humorous aesthetic approach. Until the 60's, we will not again encounter books on the issue: those of Evaristo Acevedo and Santiago Vilas. In recent years, José Antonio Marina has once again opened discussion, regarding the field of the wit. This article is offered as a critical review of all these theories.Aunque los conceptos de risa y humor habían merecido la atención de autores de la generación del 98 como Valle-Inclán, Unamuno y Baroja, es sobre todo en el contexto de la vanguardia y a través de Gómez de la Serna donde estas reflexiones alcanzan mayor hondura. Posteriormente, la llamada «otra generación del 27», siguiendo el magisterio de Ramón, insertará sus reflexiones en el ámbito de una práctica estética plenamente humorística. Hasta los años 60 no volvemos a encontrar libros sobre la materia: los de Evaristo Acevedo y Santiago Vilas. En los últimos años, José Antonio Marina ha vuelto a abrir el debate a partir de la noción de ingenio. Este artículo se presenta como una revisión crítica de todas estas teorías.

The Climate Impacts Research Consortium: Lessons Learned from the Evaluation of Co-production projects

Science.gov (United States)

Sokolovska, I.; Andrepont, J. A.; Lach, D.

2017-12-01

The Pacific Northwest Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) is a climate-science-to-climate-action team funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), member of NOAA's Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program. The internal evaluation of the last 6 years of CIRC's work focused on the co-production of knowledge process. The evaluation was based on CIRC's Reflection and Logic model and used a mixed methods design. During regular monthly meetings in 2014/15, all CIRC PIs reflected on the co-production process and presented their evaluation of the projects they worked on. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with CIRC participants, purposefully targeting key informants. The Climate Impacts Research Consortium teams also administered surveys to assess participants' experiences of the coproduction process as they were engaging in it. Identifying and cultivating an informant from the local stakeholder group with deep, accessible roots within the target community can lead to better coproduction results than having to build those relationships from naught. Across projects, most participants agreed that the project increased their understanding of their area's hazards and by the end of the project most participants were confident the project would produce useful results for themselves. Finally, most participants intended to share what they had learned from this experience with their colleagues and we found that co-production built capacities necessary for communities to incorporate climate change in discussions even after the end of CIRC's participation. During the projects, the involvement of non-traditional participants along with experts was critical to success and a lot of work and preparation needs to be put into the planning of any co-production meeting to overcome various barriers to communication and build trust.

Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of broad dimensions of psychopathology after cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder

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Ino K

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Keiko Ino,1 Sei Ogawa,1 Masaki Kondo,1 Risa Imai,1 Toshitaka Ii,1 Toshi A Furukawa,2 Tatsuo Akechi1 1Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 2Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan Background: Panic disorder (PD is a common disease and presents with broad dimensions of psychopathology. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT is known to improve these broad dimensions of psychopathology in addition to PD symptoms. However, little is known about the predictors of treatment response in comorbid psychiatric symptoms after CBT for PD. Recent studies suggest that anxiety sensitivity (AS may be a key vulnerability for PD. This study aimed to examine AS as a predictor of broad dimensions of psychopathology after CBT for PD. Materials and methods: In total, 118 patients with PD were treated with manualized group CBT. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the associations between 3 Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI factors (physical concerns, mental incapacitation concerns, and social concerns at baseline and the subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R at endpoint. Results: Low levels of social concerns at baseline predicted low levels on 5 SCL-90-R subscales after CBT: interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychosis. High levels of mental incapacitation concerns significantly predicted low levels on 3 SCL-90-R subscales after treatment: interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and paranoid ideation. Physical concerns at baseline did not predict broad dimensions of psychopathology. Conclusion: This study suggested that the social concerns and mental incapacitation concerns subscales of the ASI at baseline predicted several dimensions of psychopathology after CBT for PD. To improve comorbid psychopathology, it may be useful to

Nueva axiología de la España del siglo XVIII en el contexto europeo

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Alejandro DIZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La revisión de las creencias básicas que realiza Europa en el siglo XVIII tiene su correlato en España donde, al mismo tiempo que se cuestionan y reinterpretan los conceptos tradicionales, van perfilándose el sentido de las principales nociones dieciochescas. Se analizan en esta axiología el «nuevo arquetipo humano» en relación con la mentalidad burguesa y las cualidades que corresponden al hombre de bien y el hombre social (sinceridad, autenticidad, sensibilidad y buen gusto. Asimismo el cambio en el concepto de pasiones, la idea de progreso y el sentido otorgado a la noción de felicidad. El artículo abunda en la interpretación del humor, la ironía y la risa, del lujo para enmarcar estos conceptos en la nueva idea de sociabilidad y el principio de utilidad, y también en el cambio de usos y costumbres y en el sentido de la fe que conlleva el siglo XVIII.ABSTRACT: The revision of basic beliefs carried out in Europe in the eighteenth century has its correlation in Spain, where, at the same time that the traditional concepts were questioned and reinterpreted, the sense of the main eighteenth century notions were developing. In this axiology an analysis is made of the «new human archetype» in relation to bourgeois mentality and the qualities corresponding to «the good man» and «the social man» (sincerity, genuineness, sensibility and good taste. The change in the concept of passions, the idea of progress and the sense given to the notion of happiness are also analysed. The article deals with the interpretation of humour, irony and laughter, the luxury to frame these concepts in the new idea of sociability and the principie of utility, and also in the change of uses and customs and in the sense of faith in the eighteenth century.

El baile de las que sobran, el contrato como estrategia de adaptación en Loco Afán

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Alejandro Rossi Brotfeld

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A partir de la oposición entre los conceptos de masoquismo y sadismo, en este trabajo se realiza un análisis de cuatro textos de Loco afán: crónicas de sidario (1996 de Pedro Lemebel: “La noche de los visones”, “La Regine de Aluminios el Mono”, “Atada a un granito de arena” y “Su ronca risa loca”. A partir de las etimologías literarias de ambos conceptos, propongo que las nociones de masoquismo y sadismo describen la manera en que se establecen lazos sociales En breve, si el masoquismo implica relaciones horizontales (contractuales, el sadismo implica relaciones verticales. Sobre esta base conceptual, el objetivo general del trabajo es identificar el tipo de vínculo social (¿masoquista o sádico? que establecen las travestis presentes en las crónicas de Loco afán. Se propone que, en las crónicas de Lemebel, el lazo es masoquista y no sádico pues sus personajes protagónicos (miembros de minorías sexuales y políticas suturan su posición de exclusión social a través del comercio sexual. Al saberse excluidos, estos personajes desarrollan una relación masoquista en el trato con el otro (cliente ocasional. En suma, en las crónicas de Lemebel el carácter contractual del lazo masoquista que establecen en sus prácticas de comercio sexual les permite satisfacer la fantasía de la legalidad de su condición sexual: la forma en que se produce el contrato en las crónicas siempre involucra el cuerpo. Se concluye que es este tipo de prácticas el que, paradójicamente, excluye a la travesti de la sociedad en primera instancia (por reflejar superficialmente la condición sexual que tiene, y al mismo tiempo, es la herramienta que utiliza para poder construir su fantasía e inscribirse en el tejido social.

Network Connectedness, Sense of Community, and Risk Perception of Climate Change Professionals in the Pacific Islands Region

Science.gov (United States)

Corlew, L. K.; Keener, V. W.; Finucane, M.

2013-12-01

The Pacific Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (Pacific RISA) Program conducted social network analysis research of climate change professionals (broadly defined) who are from or work in Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) region. This study is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC) to address an identified need for a resource that quantifies the region's collaborative network of climate change professionals, and that supports the further development of cross-regional and inter-sectoral collaborations for future research and adaptation activities. A survey was distributed to nearly 1,200 people who are from and/or work in climate change related fields in the region. The Part One Survey questions (not confidential) created a preferential attachment network by listing major players in Hawaii and the USAPI, with additional open fields to identify important contacts in the greater professional network. Participants (n=340) identified 975 network contacts and frequency of communications (weekly, monthly, seasonally, yearly, at least once ever). Part Two Survey questions (confidential, n=302) explored climate change risk perceptions, Psychological Sense of Community (PSOC), sense of control over climate change impacts, sense of responsibility to act, policy beliefs and preferences regarding climate change actions, concern and optimism scales about specific impacts, and demographic information. Graphical representations of the professional network are being developed for release in September 2013 as a free online tool to promote and assist collaboration building among climate professionals in the region. The graphs are partitioned according to network 'hubs' (high centrality), participant location, and profession to clearly identify network strengths and opportunities for future collaborations across spatial and professional boundaries. For additional

A new method for the measurement of intrahepatic shunts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoefs, J.C.; Reynolds, T.B.; Pare, P.; Sakimura, I.

1984-01-01

After transhepatic portal pressure determination, 96 patients were assessed for the presence of intrahepatic shunts by injection of microspheres (25 +/- 5 micron diameter) into the portal vein using RISA-131I as an indicator of dilution. Multiple portal vein injections in each patient allowed blood sampling from the hepatic vein (site 1) and from two inferior vena cava sampling sites (site 2, at the junction of the hepatic vein orifice with the inferior vena cava, and site 3, 2 to 3 cm closer to or within the right atrium). Intrahepatic shunting was calculated from each site: hepatic vein in 57 patients and inferior vena cava, site 2 in 43 patients and site 3 in 77 patients. At least one valid IHS calculation was available in 92 of the patients. Intrahepatic shunting calculated from sequential portal vein injections with sampling from the hepatic vein was highly correlated (r . 0.98, p less than 0.0001, slope . 1.0), with a mean difference of 1.9% +/- 1.9%. There was no significant difference by t test comparison of the mean IHS calculated from sites 1, 2, and 3. Occasional marked discrepancies were noted between IHS calculated from site 1 or site 2 compared with site 3, and the site 3 calculation was always greater. A shunt index in all patients included shunts calculated from the hepatic vein in 57 patients plus shunt calculation from the inferior vena cava in the remaining patients (site 2 in 26 patients and site 3 in nine). The 82 patients with portal hypertension or chronic liver disease had a higher portal pressure, 13.8 +/- 4.6 mm Hg, and a significantly greater shunt index, 13.7% +/- 24.5% compared with controls. The frequency distribution of IHS in patients with chronic liver disease demonstrated less than 2% IHS in 49% of patients and less than 5% IHS in 63%. The validity of our methods and the implications of the infrequent demonstration of a large IHS are discussed

Interdisciplinarity, Climate, and Change

Science.gov (United States)

Pulwarty, R. S.

2016-12-01

Interdisciplinarity has become synonymous with all things progressive about research and education. This is so not simply because of a philosophical belief in the heterogeneity of knowledge but because of the scientific and social complexities of problems of major concern. The increased demand for improved climate knowledge and information has increased pressure to support planning under changing rates of extremes event occurrence, is well-documented. The application of useful climate data, information and knowledge requires multiple networks and information services infrastructure that support planning and implementation. As widely quoted, Pasteur's quadrant is a label given to a class of scientific research methodologies that seeks fundamental understanding of scientific problems and, simultaneously, to benefit society-what Stokes called "use-inspired research". Innovation, in this context, has been defined as "the process by which individuals and organizations generate new ideas and put them into practice". A growing number of research institutes and programs have begun developing a cadre of professionals focused on integrating basic and applied research in areas such as climate risk assessment and adaptation. There are now several examples of where researchers and teams have crafted examples that include affected communities. In this presentation we will outline the lessons from several efforts including the PACE program, the RISAs, NIDIS, the Climate Services Information System and other interdisciplinary service-oriented efforts in which the author has been involved. Some early lessons include the need to: Recognize that key concerns of social innovation go beyond the projections of climate and other global changes to embrace multiple methods Continue to train scientists of all stripes of disciplinary norms, but higher education should also prepare students who plan to seek careers outside of academia by increasing flexibility in graduate training programs

Scintigraphy of the Pericerebral Subarachnoidspaces; Scintigraphie des Espaces Sous-Arachnoidiens Pericerebraux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oberson, R.; Martini, T. [Institut Universitaire de Radiologie Medicale, Hopital Cantonal, Lausanne (Switzerland)

1969-05-15

Examination of the pericerebral subarachnoid cavities by means of radioisotopes (radioisotopic cisternography or RISA-cisternography) is assuming increasing importance as a neuroradioisotopic technique of diagnosis. It provides valuable information on the permeability of the subarachnoid spaces and on the dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.). It must now be considered as an indispensable and irreplaceable tool in the diagnosis of certain neurological conditions, along with gamma-encephalography and the more conventional neurological techniques (cerebral angiography and cerebral pneumography). This type of examination is the only one that gives a clear picture of the overall morphological aspect of the pericerebral subarachnoid spaces. While providing information on the permeability of pericerebral cisterns and the surface fissures of the convexity, it also gives a typical and symmetrical scintigraphic image of the principal routes by which the cisternal (C. S.F.) circulates, viewed from the front or from the side. The scintigraphic image of the cistern indicated whether it, and the subjacent space as well, is permeable. From the point of view of dynamics, radioisotopic cisternography not only provides a scintigraphic demonstration of the permeability of the cisterns but also reveals the normal or pathological pattern of C.S.F. dynamics. The normal pattern of C. S. F. movement is now well established. It is extremely important to have this information because it can already be used to distinguish certain pathological syndromes: e.g. the presence of a C.S.F. fistula (radioisotopic cisternography has proved to be the most sensitive method and the only means of revealing the presence of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea or otorrhea); the presence of a counter-current bringing back the labelled C. S. F. from the subarachnoid space to the ventricles. This latter phenomenon, known as 'cisternoventricular reflux' can give precise information for a surgical ventriculo

Assessment of Urban Infrastructure Impact on New York City Neighborhoods Thermal Variations

Science.gov (United States)

Nazari, R.; Ghandehari, M.; Karimi, M.; Vant-hull, B.; Khanbilvardi, R.

2013-12-01

that could be related to surface characteristics. This work is a collaboration between the health component of the Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN), funded by NOAA Regional Integrated Science Assessment (RISA), and New York University Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP).

Evaluation of the ecotoxicological impact of the organochlorine chlordecone on soil microbial community structure, abundance, and function.

Science.gov (United States)

Merlin, Chloé; Devers, Marion; Béguet, Jérémie; Boggio, Baptiste; Rouard, Nadine; Martin-Laurent, Fabrice

2016-03-01

The insecticide chlordecone applied for decades in banana plantations currently contaminates 20,000 ha of arable land in the French West Indies. Although the impact of various pesticides on soil microorganisms has been studied, chlordecone toxicity to the soil microbial community has never been assessed. We investigated in two different soils (sandy loam and silty loam) exposed to different concentrations of CLD (D0, control; D1 and D10, 1 and 10 times the agronomical dose) over different periods of time (3, 7, and 32 days): (i) the fate of chlordecone by measuring (14)C-chlordecone mass balance and (ii) the impact of chlordecone on microbial community structure, abundance, and function, using standardized methods (-A-RISA, taxon-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR), and (14)C-compounds mineralizing activity). Mineralization of (14)C-chlordecone was inferior below 1 % of initial (14)C-activity. Less than 2 % of (14)C-activity was retrieved from the water-soluble fraction, while most of it remained in the organic-solvent-extractable fraction (75 % of initial (14)C-activity). Only 23 % of the remaining (14)C-activity was measured in nonextractable fraction. The fate of chlordecone significantly differed between the two soils. The soluble and nonextractable fractions were significantly higher in sandy loam soil than in silty loam soil. All the measured microbiological parameters allowed discriminating statistically the two soils and showed a variation over time. The genetic structure of the bacterial community remained insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. In response to chlordecone exposure, the abundance of Gram-negative bacterial groups (β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes) was significantly modified only in sandy loam soil. The mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate and (14)C-2,4-D was insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. However, mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate was significantly reduced in soil

Patient considerations in the management of menopausal symptoms: role of conjugated estrogens with bazedoxifene

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Kagan R

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Risa Kagan,1,2 Steven R Goldstein,3 James H Pickar,4 Barry S Komm5 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 2East Bay Physicians Medical Group, Berkeley, CA, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 5Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, PA, USA Abstract: Menopausal symptoms (eg, hot flushes and vaginal symptoms are common, often bothersome, and can adversely impact women’s sexual functioning, relationships, and quality of life. Estrogen–progestin therapy was previously considered the standard care for hormone therapy (HT for managing these symptoms in nonhysterectomized women, but has a number of safety and tolerability concerns (eg, breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, breast pain/tenderness, and vaginal bleeding and its use has declined dramatically in the past decade since the release of the Women’s Health Initiative trial results. Conjugated estrogens paired with bazedoxifene (CE/BZA represent a newer progestin-free alternative to traditional HT for nonhysterectomized women. CE/BZA has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms and preventing loss of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. CE/BZA provides an acceptable level of protection against endometrial hyperplasia and does not increase mammographic breast density. Compared with traditional estrogen–progestin therapy, it is associated with lower rates of breast pain/tenderness and vaginal bleeding. Patient-reported outcomes indicate that CE/BZA improves menopause-specific quality of life, sleep, some measures of sexual function (especially ease of lubrication, and treatment satisfaction. This review looks at the rationale for selection and combination of CE with BZA at the dose ratio in the approved product and provides

Isolation and characterization of osmotolerant bacteria from Thar Desert of Western Rajasthan (India

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Ramavtar Sharma

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The Thar Desert harsher environment harbors a limited diversity of life forms due to extreme conditions like low moisture of sandy soils and high soil temperature. In the present study, osmotolerant bacteria from the Thar soils were isolated and characterized. Bacteria were isolated from 20 soil samples (100g, collected from sand dunes, suspended in water and absolute alcohol. A total of 11 biochemical and morphological tests were carried out for generic identification of bacteria. Osmotic tolerance capacity of isolates was examined on glycerol, NaCl and alcohol; and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was also performed for bacterial identification. 16S to 23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer analysis (RISA was done for phylogenetic analysis of isolates. The soil suspended in water contained 2.5×10(6 bacteria/g of soil while alcohol suspended soil had 4.4×10(4 bacteria/g. The 24 bacterial isolates were found tolerant to 26% glycerol, 14% NaCl and 10% of alcohol, and 22 out of 24 isolates were found Gram positive. The results showed that 45.83% and 41.67% bacteria belong to Bacillus spp. and Corynebacterium spp., respectively, while Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were in equal proportion (4.16% each. Six isolates were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and five were found 95% similar with Bacillus licheniformis whereas one isolate was identified as B. subtilis. All the isolates showed good growth up to 50°C with gradual reduction on subsequent increment of temperature. Out of 24 isolates, six could survive at 65°C while one isolate could grow at 63°C. Growth kinetic studies revealed that the reduction in generation time in solute(s and temperature stress was more as compared to generation time in plain medium. This study suggests that virgin sand dunes may be a rich source of bacteria, tolerant to osmotrophic solutes, and can be examined for plant growth promotion activity in agriculture. Moreover, study might help to

El trovo verde. Poesía improvisada satírico-obscena en la fiesta de la cosecha

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del Campo Tejedor, Alberto

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Harvest time has been since Upper Antiquity an exceptional occasion in peasant societies, giving rise to festive customs such as duels of improvised poetry in obscene tone and motif. In these duels, precepts of decency were momentarily removed. The historical and comparative research since the fescennini verses of Antiquity, through the pullas of the trovadores de repente of the Golden Age and other satirical genres, allows to link the priapic improvised poetry of the Alpujarra in both reaping and grape harvest contexts to a long popular tradition in which debates of burlesque verses were an entertainment associated with the nexus between fertility of earth and sexuality and with a sense of regeneration that has cathartic laugh. The survival of this burlesque and erotic register among the Alpujarra troubadours in certain festivals, coincidental in dates, spaces and actors with the traditional context of licenses during harvest time, suggests the reusing of these duels of inventiveness, in which participants play recalling a time when

Las cosechas han constituido desde antiguo un momento excepcional en las culturas campesinas y han propiciado costumbres festivas, como las luchas de poesías improvisadas de tono y temática obscena, en que se levantaba efímeramente el precepto del decoro. El rastreo histórico y comparativo desde los versos fesceninos de la Antigüedad, pasando por las pullas de los trovadores de repente en el Siglo de Oro y otros géneros satíricos, permite vincular el trovo priápico de la Alpujarra en contextos de siega, parva y vendimia, a una larga tradición popular en que las porfías de versos burlescos constituían un divertimento asociado al nexo de unión entre la fertilidad de la tierra y la sexualidad, así como al sentido regenerador de la risa catártica. La pervivencia en el trovo alpujarreño de este registro burlón y lúbrico en ciertas fiestas coincidentes en fechas

Perfil de los pacientes con trastorno adaptativo que acuden a las farmacias comunitarias españolas

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Gómez Martínez JC

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: El objetivo principal era conocer los perfiles de los sujetos que cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de trastorno adaptativo en la consulta habitual de las farmacias comunitarias españolas. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal de ámbito nacional sobre una muestra de 1.512 sujetos. Se evaluaron las características del perfil socio-demográfico y clínico, así como del estado de ánimo y de salud, recogidos mediante entrevista con el farmacéutico. El estado de ánimo se valoró mediante una escala de expresiones faciales con gradación del 1 (risa al 7 (llanto. El estado de salud se valoró mediante preguntas sobre movilidad, cuidado personal, dolor y malestar, sueño y energía, ánimo, habilidades interpersonales y cognición. La duración total de la fase experimental fue de 7 meses. Se utilizó básicamente estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La población de sujetos estudiados que cumplían criterios diagnósticos de trastorno adaptativo tenía una edad media de 43,1±14,8 años, siendo un 63,0 % mujeres. El 61,8 % de los sujetos consultó por estado de ánimo deprimido con un tiempo de evolución de la mayor parte del día en el 60,8 % de ellos y durante más de 2 semanas en el 79,0 % de ellos. El 37,1 % de los sujetos valoró su estado de ánimo como triste (gradación 5-7. El 38,1 % de sujetos presentaba estado de ánimo deprimido y ansiedad. El 12,0 % de los sujetos presentaba síntomas depresivos subclínicos. Se observó relación significativa (p<0,001 entre problemas emocionales y salud física. Conclusión: Los síntomas más frecuentes de los pacientes que refieren sintomatología de trastorno adaptivo en este estudio son consulta frecuente en la farmacia comunitaria, lo que podría sugerir que los farmacéuticos comunitarios podrían ayudar con su intervención farmacéutica en la detección precoz y abordaje de esta patología.

Structural differences in gut bacteria communities in developmental stages of natural populations of Lutzomyia evansi from Colombia's Caribbean coast.

Science.gov (United States)

Vivero, Rafael José; Jaramillo, Natalia Gil; Cadavid-Restrepo, Gloria; Soto, Sandra I Uribe; Herrera, Claudia Ximena Moreno

2016-09-13

Lutzomyia evansi, a phlebotomine insect endemic to Colombia's Caribbean coast, is considered to be the main vector of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region. Although insects of this species can harbor pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms in their intestinal microbiota, there is little information available about the diversity of gut bacteria present in Lutzomyia evansi. In this study, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools were used to assess the composition of bacterial communities associated with Lutzomyia evansi guts in immature and adult stages of natural populations from the department of Sucre (Caribbean coast of Colombia). Sand flies were collected from two locations (peri-urban and jungle biotype) in the Department of Sucre (Caribbean coast of Colombia). A total of 752 Lutzomyia evansi intestines were dissected. In this study, 125 bacterial strains were isolated from different culture media (LB Agar, MacConkey Agar). Different methods were used for bacterial identification, including ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The genetic profiles of the bacterial populations were generated and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to compare them with total gut DNA. We also used PCR and DNA sequence analysis to determine the presence of Wolbachia endosymbiont bacteria and Leishmania parasites. The culture-dependent technique showed that the dominant intestinal bacteria isolated belong to Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum, Shinella and Paenibacillus in the larval stage; Lysobacter, Microbacterium, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Rummeliibacillus in the pupal stage; and Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, Brevibacterium, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and Pantoea in the adult stage. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the fingerprint patterns of the PCR-TTGE bands in bacterial communities from immature and

AAS 228: Day 2 afternoon

Science.gov (United States)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-06-01

Editors Note:This week were at the 228th AAS Meeting in San Diego, CA. Along with a team ofauthors from astrobites.com, I will bewritingupdates on selectedevents at themeeting and posting twiceeach day. Follow along here or atastrobites.com, or catch ourlive-tweeted updates from the@astrobites Twitter account. The usual posting schedule for AAS Nova will resumenext week.The Limits of Scientific Cosmology: Setting the Stage: Accepted Facts, and Testing Limitations in Theory and Data (by Gourav Khullar)With a stellar lineup of speakers to talk about current and future prospects of cosmology and its limits (or lack thereof), the first session kicked off with talks by Risa Wechsler, Joseph Silk, and Sean Carroll (his talk on Multiverses is described below, by Nathan Sanders). Risa set the stage with an elaborate description of the current accepted facts in the era of precision cosmology including the standard model of concordance cosmology, described by seven parameters and an accepted Lambda-CDM paradigm (with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter). The talk stressed on the fact that all these parameters are understood to a percent order precision, which is a remarkable deviation from the time in 1990s when according to Risa, Alan Guth never thought that any of these numbers could be measured precisely!Risa Wechsler describing our current constraints on what Dark Matter could constitute.Joseph Silk discussing limits on cosmological parameters.The CMB measurements, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis estimates and galaxy clustering statistics all contribute to locking down the description of our universe. She emphasized on the tensions between different probes to measure expansion rate H0 of the universe, and small scale predictions of cold dark matter simulations, but she is hopeful that these shall be resolved eventually. Joe Silk followed this up with his interpretation of trying to understand our place in the universe and placing limits on different parameters and

Rapid data processing for ultrafast X-ray computed tomography using scalable and modular CUDA based pipelines

Science.gov (United States)

Frust, Tobias; Wagner, Michael; Stephan, Jan; Juckeland, Guido; Bieberle, André

2017-10-01

objective of the presented program is to reconstruct a data stream of around 1.3 GB s-1 in a minimum time period. Thus, the program allows to go into new fields of application and to use in the future even more compute-intensive algorithms, especially for data post-processing, to improve the quality of data analysis. Solution method: The program solves the given problem using a two-step process: first, by a generic, expandable and widely applicable template library implementing the streaming paradigm (GLADOS); second, by optimized processing stages for ultrafast computed tomography implementing the required algorithms in a performance-oriented way using CUDA (RISA). Thereby, task-parallelism between the processing stages as well as data parallelism within one processing stage is realized.

Terapias complementarias en los cuidados: Humor y risoterapia Complementary therapies in the cares: humour and laugh

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M. Carmen Ruiz Gómez

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Dentro de las terapias complementarias, la utilización de la risoterapia aporta beneficios tanto en la salud como en las situaciones de enfermedad, siendo un "instrumento de cuidados" barato y sin efectos secundarios. La tendencia actual hacia todo lo natural, las corrientes sobre cuidados de salud de las distintas culturas, unidas a las recomendaciones de la OMS a los enfermeros sobre la necesidad de utilizar los "métodos tradicionales y complementarios" para conseguir mejorar la salud de la población, hacen que la risoterapia sea una alternativa como instrumento opcional de cuidados. Planteamos una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer la aplicación de la risoterapia en la salud y más concretamente en los cuidados enfermeros. Del análisis de los resultados podemos concretar que la risa se trabaja en diferentes ámbitos profesionales, no sólo en el sanitario. Es en el campo de la comunicación donde más se divulga esta terapia. Hemos encontrado pocas publicaciones de enfermería, pero muy valiosas ya que trabajan en el terreno de la investigación y de la docencia. Sería interesante que los profesionales de enfermería utilizaran esta terapia que mejora la calidad de los cuidados y ofrece un campo independiente propicio para la investigación.Related to complementary therapies, humour and laugh contribute to enhance health status and diminish illness situations. Humour as a therapy is an inexpensive tool in the patient care and it has not secondary effects in most cases. Current tendencies, either about natural ways to health or believes on health care of popular cultures, and who recommendations to patients in the use of traditional and complementary methods to improve population health, make humour and laugh an alternative therapy as an optional care tool. We have reviewed the literature with the aim of recognize the application of humour therapy on health and more specifically on nurse cares.On the basis of the review

Evaluación clínica y funcional en niños asmáticos tratados con montelukast

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Concepción Sánchez Infante

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es una enfermedad que se considera puede ser controlable, aunque no puede curarse, pero sus manifestaciones clínicas, que son las que afectan al paciente, pueden desaparecer o disminuir hasta lograr una vida normal, o casi normal, para este y sus familiares, con una serie de medidas medicamentosas y no medicamentosas. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del montelukast en el tratamiento de niños asmáticos persistentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio en 65 niños asmáticos persistentes en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler". Se evaluaron los síntomas, pruebas funcionales respiratorias, días perdidos en la escuela, y control de la enfermedad, inicialmente, y un año después de la introducción del montelukast. Se observó la posibilidad de efectos secundarios. Resultados: 55 pacientes (84,6 % tenían tos nocturna diaria antes del tratamiento. Al año, la tos nocturna diaria se observó solo en 9 (13,9 %; 43 (66,1 % presentaban sibilancias al reírse, mientras que al año 1 (1,6 % mantenía sibilancias diarias con la risa; 41 (63,0 % tenían, inicialmente, afectación de la actividad física, mientras que al año 51 (78,4 % no tenían limitaciones. El 100 % tenía ausencias escolares. Durante el año de tratamiento 34 (57,0 % no presentaron días perdidos; 42 (64,6 % tenían crisis diarias, sin embargo, al reevaluar, 38 (58,5 % no tuvieron crisis. Habían tenido ingresos hospitalarios 23 (35,4 %, pero posteriormente solo 5 necesitaron hospitalización. Antes del tratamiento, 49 (75,0 % necesitaron tratamiento de rescate, en cambio, durante el año disminuyó a 27 (41,0 %. 19 niños (38,0 % tenían inicialmente el volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 s menor del 80 %, y solamente 8 (16,0 % posteriormente. Antes del tratamiento el 100 % de los pacientes tenían asma no controlada o parcialmente controlada, mientras que al año el 57 % tenía el asma controlada. No se observaron reacciones adversas

Effect of the soil's redox conditions on the mobility of Se

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darcheville, O.; Fevrier, L.; Martin-Garin, A.

2005-01-01

. Because the redox potential in soil is one of the most difficult soil criteria to evaluate, different redox indicators are used: measurement of eH and dissolved O 2 , analyses of the gaseous phase for CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , analyses of the main redox aqueous species (Fe(II)/Fe(III), NH 4 + /NO 2 - /NO 3 - ) and analyses of the soil's solid phase by Moessbauer spectroscopy (Fe solid speciation). In addition, microbial populations are followed by different methods (total biomass, RISA) and seleno-reductive populations are specifically isolated. The first results are presented as well as the methodological approach and the experimental designs. [1] French National Program - ACI ECCO 2004. (authors)

Experimental climate information services in support of risk management

Science.gov (United States)

Webb, R. S.; Pulwarty, R. S.; Davidson, M. A.; Shea, E. E.; Nierenberg, C.; Dole, R. M.

2009-12-01

predictions but information on potential “futures” derived from past records, expert judgments, scenarios, and availability of mechanisms and capacity to use such information. Effective experimental climate services facilitate ongoing appraisals of knowledge needs for informing adaptation and mitigation options across sectors and across scenarios of near and longer-term future climates. Analyses show that climate service experiments drawing on data, applied research and prototyping functions of activities such as RISAs and RCCs are critical to developing the learning needed to inform and structure the flow of knowledge and understanding from problem definition and applications research to information delivery, use and evaluation. These activities effectively serve to inform services implementation when overarching cross-agency coordination, knowledge management, and innovation diffusion mechanisms such as afforded by NIDIS and the Coastal Services Center are engaged. We also demonstrate the importance of positioning climate research to engage and inform the decision-making process as society anticipates and responds to climate and its impacts.

Revision of the Neotropical treehopper genus Tolania (Hemiptera, Membracidae

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Jesse L. Albertson

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The treehopper genus Tolania Stål (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Nicomiinae: Nicomiini and 69 valid species (59 new are described and illustrated based on adult morphology. Ten informal species groups are recognized based on a previously published phylogenetic analysis: (1 the dira species group comprising T. calista sp. nov., T. dira sp. nov., T. inca sp. nov., T. macaria sp. nov., T. secoya sp. nov., and T. zaparo sp. nov.; (2 the fasciata species group comprising T. fasciata (Walker, T. gracilis sp. nov., and T. laticlava sp. nov.; (3 the femoralis species group comprising T. femoralis Stål, T. fraterna Stål, and T. roberti sp. nov.; (4 the furcata species group comprising T. furcata sp. nov., T. tryphena sp. nov., and T. venezuelensis sp. nov.; (5 the hispida species group comprising T. alida sp. nov., T. hispida sp. nov., and T. periculosa sp. nov.; (6 the malefica species group comprising T. cactina sp. nov., T. curvata sp. nov., T. grallator sp. nov., T. jocosa sp. nov., T. mackameyi sp. nov., T. malefica sp. nov., T. obliqua (Walker, and T. terencia sp. nov.; (7 the obtusa species group comprising T. obtusa Fowler, T. obunca sp. nov., and T. torosa sp. nov.; (8 the opponens species group comprising T. alvira sp. nov., T. arcuata sp. nov., T. damia sp. nov., T. insolita sp. nov., T. lunata sp. nov., T. lurida sp. nov., T. opponens (Walker, T. oriana sp. nov., T. reflexa sp. nov., T. risa sp. nov., T. sinuata sp. nov., T. trilobata sp. nov., T. tumida sp. nov., T. umbella sp. nov., T. vitocensis sp. nov., T. woodi sp. nov., and T. xantha sp. nov.; (9 the peltacauda species group comprising T. brasiliensis sp. nov., T. iratafelis sp. nov., T. modesta sp. nov., T. peltacauda sp. nov., T. picta sp. nov., and T. thyrea sp. nov.; and (10 the semipellucida species group comprising T. atrata sp. nov., T. fimbriata sp. nov., T. nicia sp. nov., and T. semipellucida Stål. The following new species are not placed in species groups: T. anomala sp. nov

Fire Regime and Ecosystem Effects of Climate-driven Changes in Rocky Mountains Hydrology

Science.gov (United States)

Westerling, A. L.; Das, T.; Lubetkin, K.; Romme, W.; Ryan, M. G.; Smithwick, E. A.; Turner, M.

2009-12-01

wildfire occurrence historically and under the above-cited future climate scenarios, and discuss how these results are being integrated with process-based ecosystem models and field data to model changes in carbon flux across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem landscape (8). 1. Westerling, Hidalgo, Cayan, Swetnam, Science 313, 940 (2006). 2. Tymstra, Flannigan, Armitage, Logan, Int’l J. Wildland Fire 16, 153 (2007). 3. U. S. G. A. O. GAO. (2007). 4. Liang, Lettenmaier, Wood, Burges. J. Geophys. Res. 99(D7), 14,415 (1994). 5. Maurer, Wood, Adam, Lettenmaier, Nijssen. J. Climate 15:3237 (2002). 6. Cayan, Maurer, Dettinger, Tyree, Hayhoe. Climatic Change 87(Suppl. 1) 21 (2008). 7. Hidalgo, Dettinger Cayan, CEC Report CEC-500-2007-123 (2008). 8. We acknowledge support from the Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID 09-3-01-47), the NOAA RISA program for California, and the US Forest Service.

Expansion of the On-line Archive "Statistically Downscaled WCRP CMIP3 Climate Projections"

Science.gov (United States)

Brekke, L. D.; Pruitt, T.; Maurer, E. P.; Das, T.; Duffy, P.; White, K.

2009-12-01

response, archive developers are adding content in 2010, teaming with Scripps Institution of Oceanography (through their NOAA-RISA California-Nevada Applications Program and the California Climate Change Center) to apply a new daily downscaling technique to a sub-ensemble of the archive’s CMIP3 projections. The new technique, Bias-Corrected Constructed Analogs, combines the BC part of BCSD with a recently developed technique that preserves the daily sequencing structure of CMIP3 projections (Constructed Analogs, or CA). Such data will more easily serve hydrologic and ecological impacts assessments, and offer an opportunity to evaluate projection uncertainty associated with downscaling technique. Looking ahead to the arrival CMIP5 projections, archive collaborators have plans apply both BCSD and BCCA over the contiguous U.S. consistent with CMIP3 applications above, and also apply BCSD globally at a 0.5 degree spatial resolution. The latter effort involves collaboration with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Climate Central.

Scenario Planning Provides a Framework for Climate Change Adaptation in the National Park Service

Science.gov (United States)

Welling, L. A.

2012-12-01

Resource management decisions must be based on future expectations. Abundant evidence suggests climate change will have highly consequential effects on the Nation's natural and cultural resources, but specific impacts are difficult to accurately predict. This situation of too much information but not enough specificity can often lead to either paralysis or denial for decision makers. Scenario planning is an emerging tool for climate change adaptation that provides a structured framework for identifying and exploring critical drivers of change and their uncertain outcomes. Since 2007, the National Park Service (NPS) has been working with its partners to develop and apply a scenario-based approach for adaptation planning that integrates quantitative, model-driven, climate change projections with qualitative, participatory exercises to explore management and policy options under a range of future conditions. Major outcomes of this work are (1) increased understanding of key scientific results and uncertainties, (2) incorporation of alternative perspectives into park and landscape level planning, (3) identification of "no brainer" and "no gainer" actions, (4) strengthening of regional science-management partnerships, and (5) overall improved capacity for flexible decision making. The basic approach employed by NPS for scenario planning follows a typical adaptive management process: define the focal question, assess the relevant science, explore plausible futures, identify effective strategies, prioritize and implement actions, and monitor results. Many science and management partners contributed to the process, including NOAA Regional Integrated Science and Assessment teams (RISAs) and Regional Climate Centers (RCCs), USGS Research Centers, and other university and government scientists. The Global Business Network, an internationally recognized leader in scenario development, provided expert facilitation and training techniques. Climate science input is provided

Climate science informs participatory scenario development and applications to decision making in Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Welling, L. A.; Winfree, R.; Mow, J.

2012-12-01

Climate change presents unprecedented challenges for managing natural and cultural resources into the future. Impacts are expected to be highly consequential but specific effects are difficult to predict, requiring a flexible process for adaptation planning that is tightly coupled to climate science delivery systems. Scenario planning offers a tool for making science-based decisions under uncertainty. The National Park Service (NPS) is working with the Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers (CSCs), the NOAA Regional Integrated Science and Assessment teams (RISAs), and other academic, government, non-profit, and private partners to develop and apply scenarios to long-range planning and decision frameworks. In April 2012, Alaska became the first region of the NPS to complete climate change scenario planning for every national park, preserve, and monument. These areas, which collectively make up two-thirds of the total area of the NPS, are experiencing visible and measurable effects attributable to climate change. For example, thawing sea ice, glaciers and permafrost have resulted in coastal erosion, loss of irreplaceable cultural sites, slope failures, flooding of visitor access routes, and infrastructure damage. With higher temperatures and changed weather patterns, woody vegetation has expanded into northern tundra, spruce and cedar diebacks have occurred in southern Alaska, and wildland fire severity has increased. Working with partners at the Alaska Climate Science Center and the Scenario Network for Alaska Planning the NPS integrates quantitative, model-driven data with qualitative, participatory techniques to scenario creation. The approach enables managers to access and understand current climate change science in a form that is relevant for their decision making. Collaborative workshops conducted over the past two years grouped parks from Alaska's southwest, northwest, southeast, interior and central areas. The emphasis was to identify and connect

Reflexões de passagem sobre o lazer: notas sobre a pedagogia da indústria cultural Reflections on leisure: notes on the pedagogy of the culture industry Reflexiones de pasaje sobre el ocio: notas sobre la pedagogía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2006-11-01

nature. KEYWORDS: leisure – the culture industry – Frankfurt School – free time – body – Theodor W. Adorno El presente texto trata de algunos elementos de la relación entre industria cultural y ocio, comprendiendo el segundo como parte indisociable de la primera. Para ello, el artículo retoma, en su primera parte, un poco del origen del concepto, tal como fue desarrollado por Theodor Adorno y Max Horkheimer. Enseguida, son citados algunos ejemplos em los cuales se materializan los esquemas de la industria cultural – la trasmisión de la Copa de 2002, la arena política contemporánea, un filme documentario, la industria del culto al cuerpo – para intentar verificar como esos esquemas forman una constelación macabra que naturaliza los procesos de dominación por el entretenimiento contemporáneo. Al final, el texto realiza una pequeña incursión en tema de la risa, expresión de una dialéctica de la civilización, del descontrol pulsional mediado racionalmente, sin embargo también marca de la esperanza de una naturaleza no conformada. PALABRAS-CLAVE: ocio – industria cultural – Escuela de Frankfurt – tiempo libre – cuerpo – Theodor W. Adorno

Passive Resistance. Notes for a more complete understanding of the resistance practices of the rural population during the Franco dictatorship

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Ana Cabana Iglesia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La dictature instaurée en Espagne par le général Franco après la guerre civile (1936-1939 cherchait à démobiliser l’ensemble de la citoyenneté et, plus précisément, à provoquer la complète résignation de la population rurale objet de notre étude. Comme conséquence de cette prémisse, l’Historiographie caractérisa mécaniquement les attitudes qui démontraient la passivité de la paysannerie comme évidence d’une condition de « collaboration » et/ou « tolérance » envers le régime dictatorial de Franco. On ne peut pas nier que les preuves d’inaction ne sont pas faciles à interpréter et que celles-ci confirment très souvent l’identification entre indifférence et adhésion au régime. Mais cela ne peut pas être compris comme un axiome. Le but de notre étude est d’analyser la passivité activée parfois au sein de la population rurale en tant que preuve de résistance, susceptible même d’être interprétée au niveau de formule de boycott des politiques et initiatives de l’État.The dictatorship established by General Franco in Spain after the Civil War (1936-1939 sought to de-mobilize the entire population and, particularly, to achieve the full passivity of the rural population. As a consequence, historiography has mechanically characterized the passive attitudes of the peasantry as evidence of its « collaboration » and/or « consent » with the Franco regime. Lack of action is difficult to interpret and often ratifies the identification of indifference with support for the regime, but this should not be taken as an axiom. The object of our research is to re-visit the passivity that was activated at times by the rural population as a display of resistance that can be interpreted as a form of boycotting state policies and initiatives.La dictadura instaurada por el General Franco en España tras la guerra civil buscaba la desmovilización del conjunto de la ciudadanía y, en concreto, la total

Microbiological analysis of the in situ bitumen-nitrate-Opalinus clay interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moors, Hugo; Boven, Patrick; Leys, Natalie; Geissler, Andrea; Selenska-Pobell, Sonja

2012-01-01

Microscopy, molecular biology methods, ATP-measurements, and cultivation based techniques of the initial pore water samples, proved the presence and activity of bacteria. Analysis of the 16 S rDNA sequences obtained from the initial interval solutions, i.e. artificial pore water used to fill the intervals and which have been in contact with the surrounding clay for more than six months, indicates similar bacterial communities in all three solutions of the test intervals with the dominant population being Proteobacteria (81.5 - 94.9 %) and Firmicutes (3.4 - 11.1%). Actinobacteria (1.7 and 7.4%) have only been detected in the initial pore water of two intervals. The first results of the Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Amplification (RISA) analysis, using universal bacterial primers for 16 S rDNA968-983 and 23 S rDNA115-130, demonstrate that in both injection tests, i.e. nitrate (interval 1) or nitrate and acetate (interval 2), a strong shift in bacterial communities was induced. Just before the start of these injection tests the pore waters of the two intervals were strongly predominated by different Clostridial species most of them related to Desulfosporosinus species. In addition, smaller populations of Bacteroidetes and Beta- proteobacteria were found as well. Twenty-four hours later, a rapid and strong proliferation of Bacteroidetes, in interval 1, and of Alphaproteobacteria, in intervals 1 and 2, occurred. Specific for interval 1, a stimulation of Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria and a complete masking of the Clostridial groups had occurred. In contrast, in interval 2, Gammaproteobacteria were stimulated and some Clostridia continued to persist. This shift may be due to bacterial contamination of the exchanged interval solutions and/or the drastic change of carbon- and/or electron acceptor source

Microbiological analysis of the in situ bitumen-nitrate-Opalinus clay interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moors, Hugo; Boven, Patrick; Leys, Natalie [SCK.CEN, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 MOL (Belgium); Geissler, Andrea; Selenska-Pobell, Sonja [Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Radiochemistry, Biogeochemistry, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden (Germany)

2012-10-15

Microscopy, molecular biology methods, ATP-measurements, and cultivation based techniques of the initial pore water samples, proved the presence and activity of bacteria. Analysis of the {sup 16}S rDNA sequences obtained from the initial interval solutions, i.e. artificial pore water used to fill the intervals and which have been in contact with the surrounding clay for more than six months, indicates similar bacterial communities in all three solutions of the test intervals with the dominant population being Proteobacteria (81.5 - 94.9 %) and Firmicutes (3.4 - 11.1%). Actinobacteria (1.7 and 7.4%) have only been detected in the initial pore water of two intervals. The first results of the Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Amplification (RISA) analysis, using universal bacterial primers for {sup 16}S rDNA968-983 and {sup 23}S rDNA115-130, demonstrate that in both injection tests, i.e. nitrate (interval 1) or nitrate and acetate (interval 2), a strong shift in bacterial communities was induced. Just before the start of these injection tests the pore waters of the two intervals were strongly predominated by different Clostridial species most of them related to Desulfosporosinus species. In addition, smaller populations of Bacteroidetes and Beta- proteobacteria were found as well. Twenty-four hours later, a rapid and strong proliferation of Bacteroidetes, in interval 1, and of Alphaproteobacteria, in intervals 1 and 2, occurred. Specific for interval 1, a stimulation of Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria and a complete masking of the Clostridial groups had occurred. In contrast, in interval 2, Gammaproteobacteria were stimulated and some Clostridia continued to persist. This shift may be due to bacterial contamination of the exchanged interval solutions and/or the drastic change of carbon- and/or electron acceptor source.

La fiesta, grito sagrado de la tierra y del pueblo: el sentido de la fiesta a partir de un pueblo de Madrid (The feast, Sacred scream of land and people: The meaning of feast in a village of Madrid - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n20p83

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Salustiano Alvaréz Gómez

2011-05-01

fiesta concreta y particular se puede pasar a lo universal. De hecho, la fiesta supone un momento muy especial en la historia de los grupos humanos, permitiendo dimensionar su vida desde un pasado vivencial y un futuro de esperanza. La fiesta permite quebrar la monotonía de lo cotidiano reorganizando la vida del grupo, haciendo posible la alegría y el dinamismo de la existencia humana. Se trata de una necesidad humana, tan humana como el trabajo, en donde lo sagrado y lo profano entran como formas integradoras de convivencia. Convivencia que necesita de la risa, de la alegría, de la irreverencia y de la felicidad, además del trabajo, del compromiso y del orden establecido. Palabras clave: Antropología de la fiesta; sagrado y profano; sociedad; religión Abstract Taking into account the experience of the patron festivities of a small town of Madrid, the present article aims to reflect on the general meaning of such party. To do so, the article looks for its human significance, their collective need and the interpretations of human groups trying to achieve their main goals.  It is known that festivals assume a very special moment in the history of human groups, allowing them to resize their lives from an existential past and a future of hope. The festival allows us to break the monotony of our daily lives and help us in the reorganization of our group life. It also makes the joy and the dynamism of human existence ever possible. The sacred and the profane insert in this dimension of human existence as integrative forms of human coexistence. key words: Holy anthropology; sacred and profane; society; religión.

Memorias de un Neurólogo

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Daniel Jácome Roca

1994-12-01

Full Text Available

El Académico Daniel Jácome Roca acaba de publicar un libro titulado “El hombre que tenía ataques de risa acompañados de placer sexual, y muchos casos más” que él llama “Memorias de un Neurólogo”.

Esta es una obra escrita en forma tal que habrá de interesar por igual no sólo a los individuos que dominan el difícil campo de las neurociencias sino en general a los médicos, profesionales de la salud, psicólogos y personal con una cultura general amplia.

Recuerda el mejor estilo del conocido neurólogo y escritor Oliver Sacks, creador de un nuevo género literario que combina la historia clínica con la narrativa, cuyo libro “El hombre que confundió a su esposa con un sombrero” fue un “best-seller” en los Estados Unidos. Otra de sus obras fue el origen de la película candidata al Oscar de la Academia: “Despertares” (Awakened. Los que vieron este precioso filme donde dolor y esperanza, ciencia y humanismo van de la mano, recordarán cómo el propio Sacks logra encontrar una luz en el oscuro mundo de los pacientes postencefalíticos, uno de los cuales fue genialmente representado por el astro Al Pacino.

El caso que genera el nombre del libro del profesor Jácome Roca corresponde a un paciente de nombre Broderick que padece un curioso síndrome llamado “convulsiones gelásticas”. Los detalles clínicos y humanos de este pobre hombre permiten que el autor divague sobre el diagnóstico diferencial que incluye por ejemplo la compleja epilepsia del lóbulo temporal. Al igual que el caso de Broderick está el de Carl, el de Rudy P., el de María y los de muchos otros que hacen que el especialista puede enseñar neurología de una manera entretenida y didáctica, sin dejar de mostrar su pesar por el dolor humano, ya que inicia el volumen con la frase evangélica: Bienaventurados los que sufren, porque ellos serán consolados.

El libro se divide en secciones que corresponden a las diferentes

El pintor de un ocaso. Enrique Loncán entre brindis y charlas de amigo

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Adriana Rodríguez Pérsico

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, una serie de escritores y periodistas cultivan la crítica política en textos que fusionan costumbrismo y humor. Con algunas excepciones, prefieren las formas breves, ya sea el cuento, el aguafuerte o la causerie. Arturo Cancela, Enrique Loncán, Enrique Méndez Calzada llegan con sus escritos a un público amplio porque colaboran en periódicos y revistas de gran tirada como La Nación, El Hogar, Caras y Caretas. Profundamente escépticos, son antiyrigoyenistas y a fuerza de tanto negativismo, antidemocráticos. El blanco de sus risas es el gobierno nacional y popular. Muestran una Argentina que, entre la ruina de las instituciones, se vislumbra como una sociedad en pedazos. Pero no sólo atentan contra los tiempos presentes. Los textos ponen en marcha una operación de desmitificación extendida de los grandes relatos nacionales. La risa y el estereotipo corroen los mitos creados por los escritores del Centenario como Leopoldo Lugones, Manuel Gálvez, Ricardo Rojas -para nombrar a los más representativos- que imaginan en sus ensayos identidades colectivas para la nación desplegando linajes reales o inventados. Los escritores nacionalistas se dan la tarea de crear un pasado para alimentar con memorias lo que veían como un desierto cultural e histórico. Los textos, que en su mayor parte adoptan la forma del ensayo monumental y totalizador, apuestan a consolidar la grandeza de la nación. Al construir la memoria colectiva, los relatos nacionales funcionan como archivos que guardan las tradiciones y establecen genealogías dando testimonio de un pasado primigenio. Enrique Loncán publica entre 1923 y 1936 cuatro volúmenes de causeries de título muy porteño, Las charlas de mi amigo en las que actualiza el género imprimiéndole la huella política. Elige las formas y los tonos de la causerie decimonónica para dotarlos de contenidos políticos. La jocosidad y la burla se unen para producir un tipo de

A arte do teatro Clown no cuidado às crianças hospitalizadas El arte del teatro Clown en el cuidado de niños hospitalizados The art of Clown theater in care for hospitalized children

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Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima

2009-03-01

ísticas como forma de comunicación, participación del binomio niño y acompañante y el clown como recurso terapéutico. Los resultados indicaron que esta experiencia se constituyó en una intervención concreta que valoriza el proceso de desarrollo infantil, ya que abre espacio para la fantasía, la risa, la alegría y la apropiación de lo cotidiano en el hospital; además es un ejemplo de ampliación del proceso diagnóstico y terapéutico con la incorporación de intervenciones que privilegian las necesidades afectivas, emocionales y culturales del niño y su familia, en la busca del cuidado sin traumas.Hospitalization can be a very traumatic experience for children and their family members. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of using clown theater art in the care for hospitalized children, starting with an activity developed by undergraduate students in the healthcare area. Data were obtained by observing 20 children and 11 students, characters in the clown theater interacting in the pediatric clinic in a school hospital in the state of São Paulo. The empirical data were analyzed with the thematic content analysis, which were grouped around the following themes: artistic expressions as a form of communication, participation of the binomial child and accompanying partner, and the clown as a therapeutic resource. The results show that this experience was a concrete intervention, emphasizing the children's development process, since it opens up a space for fantasy, laughter, happiness and the appropriation of the hospital routine; it is an example of widening the diagnostic and therapeutic process with the incorporation of intervention focusing on the affective, emotional and cultural necessities of the child and the family, in the search for non-traumatic care.

A propósito de un retrato póstumo: Francisco Espinel Salive (1929-1985

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Efraim Otero Ruiz

1996-08-01

Full Text Available

Si a Francisco Espinel le hubiéramos dicho que íbamos a descubrir esta noche su retrato en la galería de los grandes de la Academia de Medicina de Bucaramanga, habría entornado sus negros ojos saltones y con un rictus, entre risa y escepticismo, habría murmurado: “Bueno, y eso … ¿para qué?” -y seguramente después, al calor de unos cuantos whiskies y después de haber pulsado el tiple heredado de José Ferreira, me habría hecho repetir el soneto “Vera efigie”, compuesto por mí hace poco, cuando en la Academia Nacional el Vicepresidente, Dr. Adolfo De Francisco Zea, quiso pedir a sus familiares que se ejecutara, para colgarlo allí, un nuevo retrato de su ilustre abuelo el Dr. Luis Zea Uribe:

Vera Efigie

Puede usted yacer tranquilo y quieto
entre su tumba, ilustre doctor Zea:
al fin y al cabo la brillante idea
de retratarlo, ha sido de su nieto.

Qué mejor que, plasmado en un boceto,
colgarlo en el salón, como presea
de la Academia, en que brilló la tea
de su talento, lúcido e inquieto?

El problema, doctor, es el estilo;
la decisión pendiente está de un hilo
de retratarlo así, de cuerpo entero,
o, cediendo a atavismos de su gente
dejarlo a usted gordito y reluciente
en un cuadro …pintado por Botero.

En todo caso, sea que del soneto se derive o no una moraleja, sé que a Pacho le hubieran chocado los discursos. Hubiera preferido que habláramos en tono menor y un poco sonriente, como ahora, o como cuando nos conocimos desde siempre, hace ya 37 años, en los pabellones del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Entrábamos a hacer el internado con apenas unos cuantos meses de diferencia

Dealing with missing data in remote sensing images within land and crop classification

Science.gov (United States)

Skakun, Sergii; Kussul, Nataliia; Basarab, Ruslan

of non-missing data to the subspace vectors in the map. Restoration of the missing values is performed in the following way. The multi-temporal pixel values (with gaps) are put to the neural network. A neuron-winner (or a best matching unit, BMU) in the SOM is selected based on the distance metric (for example, Euclidian). It should be noted that missing values are omitted from metric estimation when selecting BMU. When the BMU is selected, missing values are substituted by corresponding components of the BMU values. The efficiency of the proposed approach was tested on a time-series of Landsat-8 images over the JECAM test site in Ukraine and Sich-2 images over Crimea (Sich-2 is Ukrainian remote sensing satellite acquiring images at 8m spatial resolution). Landsat-8 images were first converted to the TOA reflectance, and then were atmospherically corrected so each pixel value represents a surface reflectance in the range from 0 to 1. The error of reconstruction (error of quantization) on training data was: band-2: 0.015; band-3: 0.020; band-4: 0.026; band-5: 0.070; band-6: 0.060; band-7: 0.055. The reconstructed images were also used for crop classification using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Overall accuracy was 85.98% and Cohen's kappa was 0.83. References. 1. Skakun, S., Kussul, N., Shelestov, A. and Kussul, O. “Flood Hazard and Flood Risk Assessment Using a Time Series of Satellite Images: A Case Study in Namibia,” Risk Analysis, 2013, doi: 10.1111/risa.12156. 2. Gallego, F.J., Kussul, N., Skakun, S., Kravchenko, O., Shelestov, A., Kussul, O. “Efficiency assessment of using satellite data for crop area estimation in Ukraine,” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 29, pp. 22-30, 2014. 3. Roy D.P., Ju, J., Lewis, P., Schaaf, C., Gao, F., Hansen, M., and Lindquist, E., “Multi-temporal MODIS-Landsat data fusion for relative radiometric normalization, gap filling, and prediction of Landsat data,” Remote Sensing of

Recent Advances in Food Irradiation Research in Japan; Recents Progres de l'Irradiation des Produits Alimentaires au Japon; Poslednie dostizheniya v issledovaniyakh po oblucheniyu produktov pitaniya v Yaponii; Progresos Recientes de las Investigaciones Sobre Irradiacion de Alimentos Realizadas en el Japon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuyama, A. [Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo (Japan)

1966-11-15

'noj programmy po oblucheniju produktov pitanija v oblasti kak fundamental'nyh, tak i prakticheskih problem. V nastojashhee vremja Komissija po atomnoj jenergii predprinimaet usilija po razrabotke programmy issledovanij metodov i ih prakticheskogo primenenija, kotoraja, verojatno, nachnet osushhestvljat'sja v 1967 godu. Sotrudnichestvo issledovatelej v jetoj oblasti privelo k sozdaniju Japonskoj issledovatel'skoj associacii po oblucheniju produktov pitanija, i jeta organizacija, kak ozhidaetsja, budet igrat' vazhnuju rol' v razrabotke nacional'noj programmy. V nastojashhee vremja v Japonii imeetsja okolo 30 radioizotopnyh istochnikov porjadka kilokjuri i pochti takoe zhe chislo generatorov jelektronov, vkljuchaja neskol'ko krupnyh obluchajushhih ustanovok. Prakticheskie issledovanija po oblucheniju produktov v Japonii razdeljajutsja na tri kategorii v zavisimosti ot ih celi. Pervaja - jeto predohranenie produktov pitanija ot.porchi s pomoshh'ju obluchenija; jetim issledovanijam udeljaetsja glavnoe vnimanie. Zaderzhka prorastanija kartofelja, luka i batata, obezzarazhivanija risa, pshenicy i izdelij iz nih i obrabotka nebol'shimi dozami germeticheski upakovannoj ryby i vodnyh zhivotnyh, imejushhih pancir', pri velichine dozy menee 0,5 Mrad i nekotoryh fruktov, takih kak klubnika i apel'siny, - jeto primery potencial'nogo primenenija obluchenija. Interesnoe nabljudenie pri obluchenii risa sostojalo v tom, chto pri obezzarazhivajushhej doze v 5 000- 20 000 rad kachestvennye izmenenija, obnaruzhimye neposredstvenno posle obluchenija, stali posle vos'mimesjachnogo hranenija neznachitel'nymi pri statisticheskom analize organolepticheskih dannyh. Vtoraja kategorija - jeto issledovanija po ocenke vrednyh biologicheskih i biohimicheskih faktorov v produktah pitanija s tochki zrenija zdravoohranenija. Chuvstvitel'nost' k oblucheniju, proizvedennogo Cl. botulinum tipa E, issledovalas' v svjazi s celostnost'ju obluchennyh produktov pitanija. Tret'ja kategorija svjazana s ispol

Analgesia adjuvante e alternativa Analgesia adyuvante y alternativa Adjuvant and alternative analgesia

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Nilton Bezerra do Vale

2006-10-01

álgicos actúan a través de la vía espinal de control de la compuerta de Melzack y Wall y/o a través de la transducción de la señal en los sistemas de neurotransmisión y neuromodulación central relacionados con la analgesia, relajamiento y el humor: peptidérgico, monaminérgico, gabaérgico, colinérgico y canabinoide. La Analgesia Adyuvante Complementaria es habitualmente utilizada en los tratamientos fisiátricos, ortopédicos, reumatológicos, obstétricos y con acupuntura. La Analgesia Alternativa Complementaria puede potenciar los métodos analgésicos convencionales, la exposición al del sol del alba, luz y colores bajo la luz artificial, el tiempo (T - anestésicos generales más potentes por la noche, opioides por la mañana y anestésicos locales a la tarde, dieta, buen humor y la risa, espiritualidad, religión, meditación, musicoterapia, hipnosis y efecto placebo. CONCLUSIONES: Si el dolor agudo es un mecanismo de defensa, el dolor crónico es un estado patológico desagradable relacionado con la depresión endógena y con una baja calidad de vida. Es importante establecer relaciones interdisciplinarias entre la Medicina adyuvante y alternativa en las terapias analgésicas y antiinflamatorias clásicas.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although acute and chronic pain are usually controlled with pharmacological interventions, 14 complementary methods of adjuvant and alternative analgesia (AAA may reduce the abusive prescription of analgesics and the side effects that eventually compromise the patient's physiological status. CONTENTS: The action of every analgesic mechanism is through the spinal gate of Melzack and Wall and/or through signal transduction in the central neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems related to analgesia, relaxation, and mood: peptidergic, monoaminergic, gabaergic, cholinergic, and cannabinoid. Complementary adjuvant analgesia is normally used in physiatric, orthopedic, rheumatologic, and obstetric treatments and acupuncture. It can

Evaluación clínica y funcional en niños asmáticos tratados con montelukast Clinical and functional evaluation in asthmatic children treated with montelukast

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Concepción Sánchez Infante

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es una enfermedad que se considera puede ser controlable, aunque no puede curarse, pero sus manifestaciones clínicas, que son las que afectan al paciente, pueden desaparecer o disminuir hasta lograr una vida normal, o casi normal, para este y sus familiares, con una serie de medidas medicamentosas y no medicamentosas. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del montelukast en el tratamiento de niños asmáticos persistentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio en 65 niños asmáticos persistentes en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler". Se evaluaron los síntomas, pruebas funcionales respiratorias, días perdidos en la escuela, y control de la enfermedad, inicialmente, y un año después de la introducción del montelukast. Se observó la posibilidad de efectos secundarios. Resultados: 55 pacientes (84,6 % tenían tos nocturna diaria antes del tratamiento. Al año, la tos nocturna diaria se observó solo en 9 (13,9 %; 43 (66,1 % presentaban sibilancias al reírse, mientras que al año 1 (1,6 % mantenía sibilancias diarias con la risa; 41 (63,0 % tenían, inicialmente, afectación de la actividad física, mientras que al año 51 (78,4 % no tenían limitaciones. El 100 % tenía ausencias escolares. Durante el año de tratamiento 34 (57,0 % no presentaron días perdidos; 42 (64,6 % tenían crisis diarias, sin embargo, al reevaluar, 38 (58,5 % no tuvieron crisis. Habían tenido ingresos hospitalarios 23 (35,4 %, pero posteriormente solo 5 necesitaron hospitalización. Antes del tratamiento, 49 (75,0 % necesitaron tratamiento de rescate, en cambio, durante el año disminuyó a 27 (41,0 %. 19 niños (38,0 % tenían inicialmente el volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 s menor del 80 %, y solamente 8 (16,0 % posteriormente. Antes del tratamiento el 100 % de los pacientes tenían asma no controlada o parcialmente controlada, mientras que al año el 57 % tenía el asma controlada. No se observaron reacciones adversas

EL CIRCO Y MI DILEMA

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Martalucía Tamayo

2015-03-01

Full Text Available La presente es para solicitar la publicación en la revista MEDICINA de la Academia, la siguiente carta abierta que le envié al Fundador y Director Ejecutivo del Cirque du Soleil, Sr. Guy Laliberté, en relación con la presentación en su espectáculo de pacientes que padecen enfermedades de tipo genético. Apreciado amigo: Con todo respeto me permito llamarlo amigo, ante la simpatía que me producen muchos aspectos de su vida pública. Pero aclaro que necesito expresar esto, porque cada vez que veo una función del Circo del Sol, no puedo evitar cuestionarme varias cosas con respecto al espectáculo que allí se presenta y me surge cada vez un cuestionamiento que me produce un gran dilema. Necesito expresarlo y abrir un conversatorio público que me ayude (a mí y a toda la sociedad a pensar y a entender. Estuve en el Circo del Sol en el actual espectáculo que se presenta en Bogotá (Marzo 20, 2015 y no pude evitar tener sentimientos encontrados. Allí encontré dos personas en el elenco de “artistas” que parecen tener una enfermedad genética que probablemente sea un Síndrome de Seckel (mal llamado “Enanismo en Cabeza de Pájaro» y no supe cómo interpretar su presencia en el circo: Me inquieta pensar que estén allí sólo para ser exhibidos como “seres raros” y me asalta el temor de que estemos retrocediendo en el tiempo: ¿Será que volvimos a la Edad Media, cuando los defectos físicos o las enfermedades genéticas eran dignas de exhibición, show y risa?. Recuerdo que hace varios años cuando fui a Nueva York y por primera vez vi el Circo del Sol (el mismo show que trajeron a Colombia hace unos 3 o 4 años, me sorprendió ver entre los espectáculos que allí mostraban, a una persona que probablemente tenía una enfermedad genética llamada el Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, patología que suele dar una enorme flexibilidad al cuerpo y le permite a la persona doblarse tanto como para ser capaz de caber o meterse dentro de una

Cuidado del Paciente por el Médico y la Enfermera. Una luz en el corazón de la obscuridad

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Alberto Albornoz Plata

1993-12-01

Full Text Available

Todos los médicos reconocemos y necesitamos la colaboración invaluable que las Enfermeras prestan a nuestros pacientes; se requieren cualidades muy especiales para ser una buena enfermera: inteligencia, abnegación, deseo de servir a un ser doliente, cualquiera que sea, y no importa la condición en que se encuentre, desde un paciente hipocondríaco sin ninguna lesión orgánica, hasta el terminal, con múltiples lesiones, y muchas veces en que el mismo paciente es testigo impotente ante su miseria fisiológica; otras características son su habilidad, ingenio, sentido psicológico, de manera que está capacitada para suministrar drogas con gran precisión y en el momento adecuado; poder interpretar una mirada o una palabra del paciente y comprenderlo, saber qué necesita, qué desea; detalles mínimos los puede entender, desde un ruido de un aparato de sonido indeseado hasta una visita perturbadora o el apreciar que en cuartos vecinos hay discusiones, risas, etc.; todo este entorno lo conoce y lo corrige con una leve actitud que es favorable para su paciente; lo único que le preocupa es el que anímicamente esté tranquilo, posiblemente contento o satisfecho y poderle brindar comprensión y apoyo psicológico en sus deseos y necesidades en un momento dado.

En otro plano de su actividad la enfermera nos mantiene informados en forma técnica sobre la evolución de nuestro paciente:

Cuando lo visitamos en la clínica, el médico, lee su informe, cómo pasó la noche, cuáles eran sus signos vitales, qué drogas ha recibido, cómo se alimentó, etc.; estos datos nos sirven casi de saludo al paciente: “Supe que pasó buena noche; su tensión, pulso, temperatura, están normales”, etc., etc.; si esto lo decimos más en el domicilio que en la clínica enfrente de la enfermera, el paciente sabe que todas las notas que ella escribe no son inútiles, sino al contrario, de gran ayuda y el enfermo interpreta que un equipo m

Percebendo o corpo que aprende: considerações teóricas e indicadores para avaliação da linguagem não-verbal de escolares do 1º. ciclo do ensino fundamental Percibiendo el cuerpo que aprende: consideraciones teóricas e indicadores para la evaluación del lenguaje no-verbal de escolares del 1er ciclo de la enseñanza fundamental Perceiving the body wich learns: theoretical considerations and indicators to evaluate non-verbal language of students from age of basic school

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Iris Lima e Silva

2004-12-01

comprendidos por sus educadores que no poseen, en algunos casos, referencias teóricas o indicadores para avaluar las conductas y comportamientos motores expresos a través de la referida del lenguaje. Siendo así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar algunas consideraciones teóricas acerca de la problemática del lenguaje no verbal, inserida en el contexto de la comunicación humana, así como establecer algunos indicadores para la evaluación del lenguaje gestual y afectiva de los alumnos del 1er. ciclo de la Enseñanza Fundamental, que permitan una mejor comprensión de las dificultades de aquellos escolares. .Tales consideraciones indicaron que el lenguaje no-verbal, constituido por la apariencia física, movimientos y/o otras expresiones corporales, desempeñan un importante papel en la comunicación humana, en la relación social y en el proceso cognitivo y que, en algunas situaciones que se desenvuelven en la clase como la risa, los movimientos de las manos, la mirada, los gestos arcaicos, el comportamiento de combate y la descarga de adrenalina, pueden servir de indicadores o parámetros para interpretarse el lenguaje no-verbal o corporal de los alumnos, posibilitándole a la escuela constituirse como un lugar que tome en cuenta el cuerpo; un cuerpo-individuo que está allí revelando sentimientos indecibles, pulsiones y contradicciones propios del si mismo, de su inserción en el mundo.Based on the modern thought of body observation which concerns the dichotomy body/mind, one could develop the difficulty in observing the Man (human being as a unit in which counts of contributions such as several commands that makes part of it, in an interactive way (biophysic, biophsychic and biosocial. This observation reproduced and carried on in most graduation courses to teachers, is passed on to them and once more the dichotomy is sustained. Consequently, schools now a days still hold a traditional model of class, in which the body is ignored in its gestual language, that

Modernizarse o descentralizar: la difícil disyuntiva de las finanzas peruanas durante la era del guano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1996-01-01

Full Text Available SE MODERNISER OU DESCENTRALISER : UN CHOIX DIFFICILE POUR LA STRUCTURE TRIBUTAIRE PERUVIENNE DURANT L’EPOQUE DU GUANO. Cet article étudie la structure des revenus économiques de l’Etat péruvien entre le moment de sa fondation et l’éclatement de la guerre avec le Chili (1821-1879. L’auteur propose une division de ces six décennies sur une double base : quantitative, dans la mesure où elle répond à l’évolution du montant des revenus qualitative, puisqu’ elle correspond aux types de revenus perçus. On remarque l’existence de trois périodes : 1. entre le début de l’Indépendance et 1854 (moment où une sorte de “révolution libérale” s’instaura au Pérou 2. entre 1855 et 1872 3. à partir de 1873 jusqu’à la Guerre du Pacifique. La première période se caractérisa par une stagnation des revenus fiscaux et le maintien généralisé de la structure tributaire coloniale qui reposait essentiellement sur les revenus douaniers et l’apport des indigènes. La seconde période connut une hausse impressionnante des revenus (multipliés par six en quinze ans, accompagnée d’une dégradation de la structure fiscale dans la mesure où plus de la moitié des revenus provenaient de l’extérieur et étaient indépendants de la société civile. La troisième période fut une période de crise pour le nouveau modèle de revenus alors en gestation et après un long, un important débat, l'on opta non pour le changement mais pour la continuité. Cette dernière fit long feu avec la défaite de la Guerre du Pacifique et c'est ainsi que prit fin toute une ère fiscale qui, d'une certaine façon, avait supposé la survivance du modèle colonial. Outre la mise en ordre de l’information sur l’histoire fiscale du Pérou, l’article se propose, ce qui a déjà été fait pour d’autres pays latino-américains, de suivre la pensée et les réformes libérales, non pas sur le terrain des idées et des discours, mais sur celui de la réforme de l