In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic potential of gold and silver nanoparticles prepared using Embelia ribes.

Science.gov (United States)

Dhayalan, Manikandan; Denison, Michael Immanuel Jesse; L, Anitha Jegadeeshwari; Krishnan, Kathiravan; N, Nagendra Gandhi

2017-02-01

In recent years, the green synthesis of gold (GNPs) and silver (SNPs) nanoparticles has gained great interest among chemists and researchers. The present study reports an eco-friendly, cost-effective, rapid and easy method for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using the seed extract of Embelia ribes (SEEr) as capping and reducing agent. The synthesised GNPs and SNPs were characterised using the following techniques: UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS, HR-TEM, FT-IR and XRD. The free radical scavenging potential of GNPs and SNPs was measured by DPPH assay and Phosphomolybdenum assay. Further, the antimicrobial activity against two micro-organisms were tested using disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity of GNPs and SNPs was determined against MCF-7 cell lines at different concentrations by MTT assay. Both the GNPs and SNPs prepared from E. ribes comparatively showed promising results thereby proving their clinical importance.

Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Achillea biebersteinii Flower Extract: Apoptosis Induction in MCF-7 Cells via Caspase Activation and Regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 Gene Expression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javad Baharara

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, the most popular nanoparticles, possess unique properties. Achillea biebersteinii is a plant of the Asteraceae family rich in active antitumor components. The aim of this research was the characterization and investigation of the cytotoxic properties of Ag-NPs synthesized using A. biebersteinii flower extract, on a human breast cancer cell line. The Ag-NPs were synthesized after approximately 180 min of reaction at 40 °C, then they were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS. The anti-apoptosis effect of Ag-NPs on the MCF-7 cell line was investigated by MTT assay, DAPI and acridine orange staining and caspase activity. The transcriptional expression of bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, -8 and -9 were also evaluated by RT-PCR. The TEM images revealed that the Ag-NPs morphology had a different shape. The DLS indicated that the average hydrodynamic diameter of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs was around 12 nm. By UV-visible spectroscopy the strongest absorbance peak was observed at 460 nm. The FTIR results also showed interaction between the plant extract and Ag-NPs due to the similarity in the peak patterns. The EDS results showed that Ag-NPs display an absorption peak at 3 keV, indicating the presence of the element silver. The Ag-NPs caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, fragmentation in nucleic acid, inhibited the proliferation and induction of apoptosis on MCF-7 by suppressing specific cell cycle genes, and simulation programmed cell dead genes. Further investigation is required to establish the potential of this novel and promising approach in cancer therapy.

[Parasite eggs identified in material from archaeological excavations in Ribe (the viking age) (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Nansen, P; Jorgensen, R J

1977-06-01

Eggs of Fasciola hepatica, Ascaris sp., Taenia sp., and Trichuris sp. have been demonstrated in archaeological excavations from the early viking period (750--800 A.D.) in Ribe, the oldest urban society of Denmark. The origin of the faecal material is discussed. The parasitological examinations are continued and extended.

RIBE at an inter-organismic level: A study on genotoxic effects in Daphnia magna exposed to waterborne uranium and a uranium mine effluent.

Science.gov (United States)

Reis, P; Lourenço, J; Carvalho, F P; Oliveira, J; Malta, M; Mendo, S; Pereira, R

2018-05-01

The induction of RIBE (Radiation Induced Bystander Effect) is a non-target effect of low radiation doses that has already been verified at an inter-organismic level in fish and small mammals. Although the theoretical impact in the field of environmental risk assessment (ERA) is possible, there is a gap of knowledge regarding this phenomenon in invertebrate groups and following environmentally relevant exposures. To understand if RIBE should be considered for ERA of radionuclide-rich wastewaters, we exposed Daphnia magna (uranium mine effluent for 48 h, and to a matching dose of waterborne uranium (55.3 μg L -1 ). Then the exposed organisms were placed (24 and 48 h) in a clean medium together with non-exposed neonates. The DNA damage observed for the non-exposed organisms was statistically significant after the 24 h cohabitation for both uranium (neonates p = 0.002; 5 d-old daphnids p = uranium mine effluent exposure (only for neonates p = 0.042). After 48 h cohabitation significant results were obtained only for uranium exposure (neonates p = 0.017; 5 d-old daphnids p = 0.013). Although there may be some variability associated to age and exposure duration, the significant DNA damage detected in non-exposed organisms clearly reveals the occurrence of RIBE in D. magna. The data obtained and here presented are a valuable contribution for the discussion about the relevance of RIBE for environmental risk assessment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Controlling powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) with potassium bicarbonate and risk of phytotoxicity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wenneker, M.

2016-01-01

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) severely infects young shoots, stems and fruits of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa). Environmental friendly and biological control measures are being sought throughout the world. Especially in organic currant growing effective control measures are needed,

Use of potassium bicarbonate (Armicarb) on the control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wenneker, M.; Kanne, H.J.

2011-01-01

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) severely infects young shoots, stems and fruits of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa). Environmental friendly and biological control measures are being sought throughout the world. Especially in organic gooseberry growing effective control measures are needed,

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, infecting Ribes inerme in north-central Utah

Science.gov (United States)

D. R. Vogler; B. W. Geils; K. Coats

2017-01-01

Cronartium ribicola Fisch. has not been found infecting any of the five-needle white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in Utah, despite being established on both white pine and Ribes hosts in the other 10 western states, defined as those west of the 102° meridian.

Protective effect of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. against transient global ischemia-induced brain damage in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Thippeswamy, B S; Nagakannan, P; Shivasharan, B D; Mahendran, S; Veerapur, V P; Badami, S

2011-11-01

Embelia ribes is being used in Indian traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of mental disorders and as brain tonic. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of embelin from E. ribes on global ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats. Transient global ischemia was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Neurological functions were measured using sensorimotor tests. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury was assessed by cerebral infarct area, biochemical and histopathological examination. Pretreatment of embelin (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased locomotor activity and hanging latency time and decreased beam walking latency when compared with ischemic control. The treatment also reduced significantly the lipid peroxidation and increased the total thiol content and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain homogenates. The decreased cerebral infarction area in embelin-treated groups and histopathological observations confirmed the above findings. These observations suggested that embelin is a neuroprotective agent and may prove to be useful adjunct in the treatment of stroke.

Antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles of the wild currant Ribes magellanicum from Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez-Aspee, Felipe; Thomas-Valdés, Samanta; Schulz, Ayla; Ladio, Ana; Theoduloz, Cristina; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo

2016-07-01

The Patagonian currant Ribes magellanicum is highly valued due to its pleasant flavor and sweet taste. The aim of this study was to characterize its constituents and to assess their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. For the fruit phenolic-enriched extract (PEE), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC)) were determined. Argentinean samples presented better activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays. Best cytoprotection against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in AGS cells was found in one Argentinean sample at 500 μg mL(-1) (65.7%). HPLC MS/MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 59 constituents, including eight anthocyanins, 11 conjugates of caffeic-, ferulic-, and coumaric acid, and 38 flavonoids, most of them quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Argentinean samples showed a more complex pattern of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), and flavonoids. Cyanidin rhamnoside hexoside and cyanidin hexoside were the main anthocyanins, accounting for 35 and 55% for the Argentinean and 60 and 27% for the ripe Chilean fruits. HCA content was about three times higher in Argentinean samples. The phenolic profiles of Chilean and Argentinean Ribes magellanicum show remarkable differences in chemical composition with higher HCA and flavonoid content in Argentinean samples.

Plan de exportación de pulpa de pitahaya al mercado de Berlín en Alemania a través de un comercio justo.

OpenAIRE

Alencastri Alemida, Diana Alexandra; Albán Serrano, Pablo Enrique

2015-01-01

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito diseñar un plan de exportación de pulpa de pitahaya producida en la hacienda “Voluntad de Dios” hacia Berlín, mediante Comercio Justo. The purpose of this investigation is to design an export plan for pitahaya pulp produced in the “Voluntad de Dios” farm intended for Berlin, through Fairtrade.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of antioxidative phenols from black current juice press residues (Ribes nigrum)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Landbo, Anne-Katrine Regel; Meyer, Anne Boye Strunge

2001-01-01

Enzymatic release of phenolic compounds from pomace remaining from black currant (Ribes nigrum) juice production was examined. Treatment with each of the commercial pectinolytic enzyme preparations Grindamyl pectinase, Macer8 FJ, Macer8 R, and Pectinex BE, as well as treatment with Novozym 89 pro...... pomace extracts all exerted a pronounced antioxidant activity against human LDL oxidation in vitro when tested at equimolar phenol concentrations of 7.5-10 muM....... protease, significantly increased plant cell wall breakdown of the pomace. Each of the tested enzyme preparations except Grindamyl pectinase also significantly enhanced the amount of phenols extracted from the pomace. Macer8 FJ and Macer8 R decreased the extraction yields of anthocyanins, whereas Pectinex...

Petrografía del neis de bucaramanga en cercanías a cepitá, berlín y vetas – santander.

OpenAIRE

Urueña Suarez, Cindy Lizeth; Zuluaga Castrillon, Carlos Augusto

2011-01-01

El Neis de Bucaramanga es la unidad litodémica más antigua del basamento ígneo-metamórfico del Macizo de Santander, las tres grandes fajas (occidental o faja Bucaramanga, central y oriental) que han sido descritas comprenden una sucesión de neises pelíticos y semipelíticos intercalados con capas delgadas de rocas calcosilicatadas, mármoles, neis hornbléndico y anfibolita. El neis fue estudiado en un área que abarca los alrededores de Cepitá, Bucaramanga, Vetas y el páramo de Berlín con el fin...

Juodojo serbento (Ribes nigrum L.) vaistinės augalinės žaliavos fenolinių junginių ir antioksidantinio aktyvumo tyrimas.

OpenAIRE

Elijošiutė, Edita

2016-01-01

Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) – a common garden medicinal plant of Grossulariaceae family. It accumulates biologically active substances – phenolic compounds, which mainly consist of flavonoids. Black currant raw materials increases urine output, sweating, inhibits inflammation, slows dow the development of bacteria and germs. The leaves have traditionally been used for arthritis, the berries have many vitamins. Leaves recently recognized as medicinal plant raw material and was included in...

Variaciones sobre el modelo psicológico de salud biológica de Ribes: justificación y desarrollo

OpenAIRE

Piña López, Julio Alfonso

2007-01-01

Con base en la propuesta interconductual de Kantor, en este trabajo se presentan algunas variaciones sobre el modelo psicológico de salud biológica de Ribes. Tanto por la lógica que le subyace como por las características de los elementos que lo conforman, se trata de un modelo de campo y multifactorial que pone especial énfasis en la interacción de un conjunto de variables psicológicas de tipo histórico y situacional, que probabilizan la práctica de los comportamientos instrumentales de prev...

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to anthocyanins from Ribes nigrum L. and improvement of visual adaptation to the dark (ID 2750) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tetens, Inge

claims in relation to anthocyanins from Ribes nigrum L. and improvement of visual adaptation to the dark. The scientific substantiation is based on the information provided by the Member States in the consolidated list of Article 13 health claims and references that EFSA has received from Member States...... or directly from stakeholders. The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is anthocyanins from Ribes nigrum L. The Panel considers that anthocyanins from Ribes nigrum L. are sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect is “eye health”. The target population is assumed to be the general...... population. In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effect refers to an improvement of visual adaptation to the dark. The Panel considers that improvement of visual adaptation to the dark is a beneficial physiological effect. No human studies were provided from which...

Un instrumento de los intereses nacionalsocialistas durante la Guerra Civil española: el papel de la Sociedad Germano-Española de Berlín

OpenAIRE

Marició Janué i Miret

2014-01-01

En este artículo, analizamos cómo la Sociedad Germano-Española de Berlín, fundada con la finalidad de fomentar las relaciones culturales entre Alemania y España, durante la Guerra Civil española subordinó su actuación a los propósitos proselitistas de las autoridades nacionalsocialistas. La Sociedad procuró atraer con gran variedad de medios a los círculos falangistas sensibles a la causa del nacionalsocialismo, actuando de mediadora entre éstos y las instancias estatales y del partido en Ale...

On the performance of topobathymetric LiDAR in shallow water environments: the Ribe Vesterå river and the Knudedyb tidal inlet in the Danish Wadden Sea

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gergely, Aron; Andersen, Mikkel S.; Teglbrænder-Bjergkvist, Mathias

2015-01-01

on an app. 7 km reach of the Ribe Vesterå river and in a 5 km x 10 km section of the Knudedyb tidal inlet in the Danish Wadden Sea using the airborne hydrographic laser scanner RIEGL® VQR-820-G. Prior to the surveys three geometrically defined objects (steel frames with dimensions of 0.8 m x 0.8 m x 0.25 m...

El caso de los tiradores del Muro de Berlín. A vueltas con algunos debates clásicos de la Filosofía del Derecho del siglo XX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Pérez de la Fuente

2011-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Es artículo analiza el caso de los centinelas del muro de Berlín que disparaban y mataron a algunas personas –que querían pasar la frontera-, amparados por una interpretación del Derecho de la RDA. Algunos años después de la unificación alemana, el Tribunal Constitucional condenó  aquellos soldados por asesinato con el argumento que se trataba de Derecho “extremadamente injusto”. Esta es una forma particular  de aplicación de la fórmula de Radburch. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el caso de los centinelas del Muro de Berlín bajo la perspectiva del la Filosofía del Derecho, particularmente en la controversia entre positivismo y iusnaturalismo. En este sentido, se comparan los enfoques de Kelsen y Radburch sobre el Derecho nazi. Y también se estudia la polémica Hart Fuller sobre el caso de “delator rencoroso”.   ABSTRACT This article analyzes the case of the border guards of the Berlin Wall that have shot and killed some people -who wanted pass the frontier- and those soldiers were protected by some legal interpretation under the German Democratic Republic Law. Some years after the German unification, the Constitutional Court condemned those soldiers for murder with the argument that that was an “extremely unjust” Law. This was a particular form of application of the Radburch’s formula. The objective of this article is studying the case of the Berlin Wall border guards under the perspective of the Philosophy of Law, particularly the controversy between positivism and iusnaturalism. In this sense, they are compared Kelsen and Radbruch approaches on Nazi law. And also it’s studied the Hart-Fuller polemics on the ‘grudge infomer’ case.

Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXII. Guaianolides in species from the genus Chartolepis Cass.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerard Nowak

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Differences in the composition of the "lactone fraction" of 4 species from the genus Chartolepis Cass. were observed. Cynaropierin was isolated from the above-ground parts of Chartolepis intermedia Boiss. and the occurrence there of grossheimin was confirmed. The following compounds were isolated from the above-ground parts of Chartolepis glastifolia (L. Cass.: centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cebellin D, cynaropicrin, cebellin F and janerin. Centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cynaropicrin, janerin and a new guaianolide, pterocaulin were isolated from the herb Chartolepis biebersteinii Jaub. et Spach. In addition to the lactones found in Chartolepis biebersteinii, Chartolepis pterocaula (Trautv. Czer. also accumulated grossheimin.

Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L. and Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fruit Juices Inhibit Adhesion of Asaia spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hubert Antolak

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of high-polyphenolic black currant (Ribes nigrum L. and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L. juices against bacterial strains Asaia lannensis and Asaia bogorensis isolated as spoilage of commercial soft drinks. The composition of fruit juices was evaluated using chromatographic techniques HPLC and LC-MS. The adhesion to glass, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate in two different culture media was evaluated by luminometry and the plate count method. The major anthocyanins in the V. myrtillus were petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-glucoside, while in R. nigrum delphinidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were detected. The LC-MS analysis showed presence of anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin derivatives, phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and flavanols (procyanidin B2 and procyanidin type A2. Additionally, in the bilberry juice A type procyanidin trimer was detected. The adhesion of Asaia spp. cells depended on the type of medium, carbon sources, and the type of abiotic surfaces. We noted that the adhesion was significantly stronger in minimal medium containing sucrose. The addition of bilberry and black currant juices notably reduced bacterial growth as well as cell adhesion to polyethylene terephthalate surfaces.

Colonic fermentation of polyphenols from Chilean currants (Ribes spp.) and its effect on antioxidant capacity and metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes.

Science.gov (United States)

Burgos-Edwards, Alberto; Jiménez-Aspee, Felipe; Theoduloz, Cristina; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo

2018-08-30

The Chilean wild currants Ribes magellanicum and R. punctatum are a good source of polyphenols. Polyphenolic-enriched extracts (PEEs) from both species were submitted to in vitro colonic fermentation to assess the changes in phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and inhibition of metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. The phenolic profiles of the fermented samples showed significant changes after 24 h incubation. Nine metabolites, derived from the microbial fermentation, were tentatively identified, including dihydrocaffeic acid, dihydrocaffeoyl-, dihydroferuloylquinic acid, 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol (3,4-diHPP-2-ol), among others. The content of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids was most affected by simulated colonic conditions, with a loss of 71-92% and 90-100% after 24 h incubation, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity values (ORAC) were reached after 8 h incubation. The inhibitory activity against the enzyme α-glucosidase was maintained after the fermentation process. Our results show that simulated colonic fermentation exerts significant changes on the polyphenolic composition of these berries, modifying their health-promoting properties. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect in QU-DB Cells after Acute and Fractionated Irradiation: An In Vitro Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Soleymanifard, Shokouhozaman; Bahreyni Toossi, Mohammad Taghi; Kamran Samani, Roghayeh; Mohebbi, Shokoufeh

2016-01-01

Radiation effects induced in non-irradiated cells are termed radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). The present study intends to examine the RIBE response of QU-DB bystander cells to first, second and third radiation fractions and compare their cumulative outcome with an equal, single acute dose. This experimental study irradiated three groups of target cells for one, two and three times with(60)Co gamma rays. One hour after irradiation, we transferred their culture media to non-irradiated (bystander) cells. We used the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay to evaluate RIBE response in the bystander cells. The numbers of micronuclei generated in bystander cells were determined. RIBE response to single acute doses increased up to 4 Gy, then decreased, and finally at the 8 Gy dose disappeared. The second and third fractions induced RIBE in bystander cells, except when RIBE reached to the maximum level at the first fraction. We split the 4 Gy acute dose into two fractions, which decreased the RIBE response. However, fractionation of 6 Gy (into two fractions of 3 Gy or three fractions of 2 Gy) had no effect on RIBE response. When we split the 8 Gy acute dose into two fractions we observed RIBE, which had disappeared following the single 8 Gy dose. The impact of dose fractionation on RIBE induced in QU-DB cells de- pended on the RIBE dose-response relationship. Where RIBE increased proportion- ally with the dose, fractionation reduced the RIBE response. In contrast, at high dos- es where RIBE decreased proportionally with the dose, fractionation either did not change RIBE (at 6 Gy) or increased it (at 8 Gy).

Effects of exogenous carbon monoxide on radiation-induced bystander effect in zebrafish embryos in vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, V.W.Y.; Wong, M.Y.P.; Cheng, S.H.; Yu, K.N.

2012-01-01

In the present work, the influence of a low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) liberated from tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium (II) (CORM-3) on the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) in vivo between embryos of the zebrafish was studied. RIBE was assessed through the number of apoptotic signals revealed on embryos at 25 h post fertilization (hpf). A significant attenuation of apoptosis on the bystander embryos induced by RIBE in a CO concentration dependent manner was observed. - Highlights: ► RIBE between zebrafish embryos in vivo was assessed by the level of apoptosis. ► CO from 10 and 20 μM CORM-3 entirely suppressed the RIBE. ► CO from 5 μM CORM-3 significantly attenuated the level of apoptosis. ► Inactive CORM-3 did not lead to suppression of RIBE. ► Suppression of RIBE by CO depended on the concentration of CORM-3.

An efficient and provable secure revocable identity-based encryption scheme.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Changji Wang

Full Text Available Revocation functionality is necessary and crucial to identity-based cryptosystems. Revocable identity-based encryption (RIBE has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, many RIBE schemes have been proposed in the literature but shown to be either insecure or inefficient. In this paper, we propose a new scalable RIBE scheme with decryption key exposure resilience by combining Lewko and Waters' identity-based encryption scheme and complete subtree method, and prove our RIBE scheme to be semantically secure using dual system encryption methodology. Compared to existing scalable and semantically secure RIBE schemes, our proposed RIBE scheme is more efficient in term of ciphertext size, public parameters size and decryption cost at price of a little looser security reduction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first construction of scalable and semantically secure RIBE scheme with constant size public system parameters.

Effects of exogenous carbon monoxide on radiation-induced bystander effect in zebrafish embryos in vivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, V.W.Y.; Wong, M.Y.P. [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); Cheng, S.H. [Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); Yu, K.N., E-mail: appetery@cityu.edu.hk [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong)

2012-07-15

In the present work, the influence of a low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) liberated from tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium (II) (CORM-3) on the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) in vivo between embryos of the zebrafish was studied. RIBE was assessed through the number of apoptotic signals revealed on embryos at 25 h post fertilization (hpf). A significant attenuation of apoptosis on the bystander embryos induced by RIBE in a CO concentration dependent manner was observed. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer RIBE between zebrafish embryos in vivo was assessed by the level of apoptosis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CO from 10 and 20 {mu}M CORM-3 entirely suppressed the RIBE. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CO from 5 {mu}M CORM-3 significantly attenuated the level of apoptosis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Inactive CORM-3 did not lead to suppression of RIBE. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Suppression of RIBE by CO depended on the concentration of CORM-3.

Modulation of modeled microgravity on radiation-induced bystander effects in Arabidopsis thaliana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Ting [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Sun, Qiao [Space Molecular Biological Lab, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100086 (China); Xu, Wei; Li, Fanghua [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Li, Huasheng; Lu, Jinying [Space Molecular Biological Lab, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100086 (China); Wu, Lijun; Wu, Yuejin [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Liu, Min [Space Molecular Biological Lab, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100086 (China); Bian, Po [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • The effects of microgravity on the radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) were definitely demonstrated. • The effects of microgravity on RIBE might be divergent for different biological events. • The microgravity mainly modified the generation or transport of bystander signals at early stage. - Abstract: Both space radiation and microgravity have been demonstrated to have inevitable impact on living organisms during space flights and should be considered as important factors for estimating the potential health risk for astronauts. Therefore, the question whether radiation effects could be modulated by microgravity is an important aspect in such risk evaluation. Space particles at low dose and fluence rate, directly affect only a fraction of cells in the whole organism, which implement radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in cellular response to space radiation exposure. The fact that all of the RIBE experiments are carried out in a normal gravity condition bring forward the need for evidence regarding the effect of microgravity on RIBE. In the present study, a two-dimensional rotation clinostat was adopted to demonstrate RIBE in microgravity conditions, in which the RIBE was assayed using an experimental system of root-localized irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) plants. The results showed that the modeled microgravity inhibited significantly the RIBE-mediated up-regulation of expression of the AtRAD54 and AtRAD51 genes, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcriptional activation of multicopy P35S:GUS, but made no difference to the induction of homologous recombination by RIBE, showing divergent responses of RIBE to the microgravity conditions. The time course of interaction between the modeled microgravity and RIBE was further investigated, and the results showed that the microgravity mainly modulated the processes of the generation or translocation of the bystander signal(s) in roots.

Overexpression of SKP2 Inhibits the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects of Esophageal Carcinoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiao-Chun Wang

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Background: To investigate the effects of S-phase kinase protein 2 (SKP2 expression on the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE in esophageal cancer (EC cells. Materials and Methods: Western blot was used to detect the levels of SKP2, Rad51, and Ku70 in EC cells. Positive transfection, RNAi, micronucleus (MN, and γ-H2AX focus formation assay were used to investigate the effects of SKP2 on RIBE induced by irradiated cells. Results: We found a significant negative correlation between SKP2 expression and MN frequency (p < 0.05 induced by RIBE. The results were further confirmed by positive transfection, RNAi, and rescue experiments.γ-H2AX focus formation assay results indicated that overexpression of SKP2 in the irradiated cells inhibited the DNA damage of RIBE cells. However, when SKP2 expression decreased in irradiated cells, the DNA damage of RIBE cells increased. Increased or decreased expression levels of SKP2 had effects on Rad51 expression under the conditions of RIBE. Conclusions: These results showed, for the first time, that SKP2 expression can inhibit RIBE of EC cells. The mechanism may function, at least partly, through the regulation of Rad51 in the ability to repair DNA damage.

Differential modulation of a radiation-induced bystander effect in glioblastoma cells by pifithrin-alpha and wortmannin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shao Chunlin, E-mail: clshao@shmu.edu.c [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032 (China); Zhang Jianghong [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032 (China); Prise, Kevin M. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen' s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB (United Kingdom)

2010-03-15

The implication of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) for both radiation protection and radiotherapy has attracted significant attention, but a key question is how to modulate the RIBE. The present study found that, when a fraction of glioblastoma cells in T98G population were individually targeted with precise helium particles through their nucleus, micronucleus (MN) were induced and its yield increased non-linearly with radiation dose. After co-culturing with irradiated cells, additional MN could be induced in the non-irradiated bystander cells and its yield was independent of irradiation dose, giving direct evidence of a RIBE. Further results showed that the RIBE could be eliminated by pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) but enhanced by wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, it was found that nitric oxide (NO) contributed to this RIBE, and the levels of NO of both irradiated cells and bystander cells could be extensively diminished by pifithrin-alpha but insignificantly reduced by wortmannin. Our results indicate that RIBE can be modulated by p53 and PI3K through a NO-dependent and NO-independent pathway, respectively.

Biomolecules and Natural Medicine Preparations: Analysis of New Sources of Bioactive Compounds from Ribes and Rubus spp. Buds

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Dario Donno

2016-02-01

Full Text Available It is well known that plants are important sources for the preparation of natural remedies as they contain many biologically active compounds. In particular, polyphenols, terpenic compounds, organic acids, and vitamins are the most widely occurring groups of phytochemicals. Some endemic species may be used for the production of herbal preparations containing phytochemicals with significant bioactivity, as antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory capacities, and health benefits. Blackberry sprouts and blackcurrant buds are known to contain appreciable levels of bioactive compounds, including flavonols, phenolic acids, monoterpenes, vitamin C, and catechins, with several clinical effects. The aim of this research was to perform an analytical study of blackcurrant and blackberry bud-preparations, in order to identify and quantify the main biomarkers, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint to evaluate the single botanical class contribution to total phytocomplex and relative bioactivity, using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph−Diode Array Detector; the same analyses were performed both on the University laboratory and commercial preparations. Different chromatographic methods were used to determine concentrations of biomolecules in the preparations, allowing for quantification of statistically significant differences in their bioactive compound content both in the case of Ribes nigrum and Rubus cultivated varieties at different harvest stages. In blackcurrant bud-extracts the most important class was organic acids (50.98% followed by monoterpenes (14.05%, while in blackberry preparations the main bioactive classes were catechins (50.06% and organic acids (27.34%. Chemical, pharmaceutical and agronomic-environmental knowledge could be important for obtaining label certifications for the valorization of specific genotypes, with high clinical and pharmaceutical value: this study allowed to develop an effective tool for the natural

Biomolecules and Natural Medicine Preparations: Analysis of New Sources of Bioactive Compounds from Ribes and Rubus spp. Buds.

Science.gov (United States)

Donno, Dario; Mellano, Maria Gabriella; Cerutti, Alessandro Kim; Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

2016-02-05

It is well known that plants are important sources for the preparation of natural remedies as they contain many biologically active compounds. In particular, polyphenols, terpenic compounds, organic acids, and vitamins are the most widely occurring groups of phytochemicals. Some endemic species may be used for the production of herbal preparations containing phytochemicals with significant bioactivity, as antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory capacities, and health benefits. Blackberry sprouts and blackcurrant buds are known to contain appreciable levels of bioactive compounds, including flavonols, phenolic acids, monoterpenes, vitamin C, and catechins, with several clinical effects. The aim of this research was to perform an analytical study of blackcurrant and blackberry bud-preparations, in order to identify and quantify the main biomarkers, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint to evaluate the single botanical class contribution to total phytocomplex and relative bioactivity, using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Diode Array Detector; the same analyses were performed both on the University laboratory and commercial preparations. Different chromatographic methods were used to determine concentrations of biomolecules in the preparations, allowing for quantification of statistically significant differences in their bioactive compound content both in the case of Ribes nigrum and Rubus cultivated varieties at different harvest stages. In blackcurrant bud-extracts the most important class was organic acids (50.98%) followed by monoterpenes (14.05%), while in blackberry preparations the main bioactive classes were catechins (50.06%) and organic acids (27.34%). Chemical, pharmaceutical and agronomic-environmental knowledge could be important for obtaining label certifications for the valorization of specific genotypes, with high clinical and pharmaceutical value: this study allowed to develop an effective tool for the natural preparation quality

SU-D-16A-03: A Radiation Pneumonitis Dose-Response Model Incorporating Non- Local Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gordon, J; Snyder, K; Zhong, H; Chetty, I

2014-01-01

Purpose: Dose-response models that can reliably predict radiation pneumonitis (RP) to guide radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer presently do not exist. A model is proposed that incorporates non-local radiationinduced bystander effect (RIBE). Methods: A single sigmoid response function, derived from published data for whole lung irradiation, relates RP probability to cumulative lung damage, regardless of fractionation scheme. Lung damage is assumed to be caused by direct local radiation damage, quantified via the linear-quadratic (LQ) model, and RIBE. Based on published data, RIBE is assumed to be activated when per-fraction dose rises above ∼0.6 Gy, but is constant with dose above that threshold. Integral RIBE damage is assumed proportional to lung volume irradiated above ∼0.6 Gy per fraction. Key model parameters include LQ α and β, and two RIBE parameters: the single-fraction probability δ of damage, and a proportionality parameter κ that relates the potential for RIBE damage to irradiated lung volume. All parameters are tentatively fitted from published data, the RIBE parameters from published RP rates for conventionally fractionated RT (CFRT) and stereotactic body RT (SBRT). Results: The model predicts dose-response curves that are consistent with clinical experience. It provides a tentative explanation for why V20 (33 fractions), V13 (20 fractions) and V5 (<10 fractions) are observed to be correlated with RP. It also provides a plausible explanation for the success of SBRT — RIBE damage increases with the number of fractions, so penalizes CFRT relative to SBRT. Conclusion: The proposed model is relatively simple, extrapolates from published data, plausibly explains several clinical observations, and produces dose-response curves that are consistent with clinical experience. While capable of elaboration, its ability to explain doseresponse experience with different fractionation schemes using a small number of assumptions and parameters is an

SU-D-16A-03: A Radiation Pneumonitis Dose-Response Model Incorporating Non- Local Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gordon, J; Snyder, K; Zhong, H; Chetty, I [Henry Ford Health System, Dept. Radiation Oncology, Detroit, MI (United States)

2014-06-01

Purpose: Dose-response models that can reliably predict radiation pneumonitis (RP) to guide radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer presently do not exist. A model is proposed that incorporates non-local radiationinduced bystander effect (RIBE). Methods: A single sigmoid response function, derived from published data for whole lung irradiation, relates RP probability to cumulative lung damage, regardless of fractionation scheme. Lung damage is assumed to be caused by direct local radiation damage, quantified via the linear-quadratic (LQ) model, and RIBE. Based on published data, RIBE is assumed to be activated when per-fraction dose rises above ∼0.6 Gy, but is constant with dose above that threshold. Integral RIBE damage is assumed proportional to lung volume irradiated above ∼0.6 Gy per fraction. Key model parameters include LQ α and β, and two RIBE parameters: the single-fraction probability δ of damage, and a proportionality parameter κ that relates the potential for RIBE damage to irradiated lung volume. All parameters are tentatively fitted from published data, the RIBE parameters from published RP rates for conventionally fractionated RT (CFRT) and stereotactic body RT (SBRT). Results: The model predicts dose-response curves that are consistent with clinical experience. It provides a tentative explanation for why V20 (33 fractions), V13 (20 fractions) and V5 (<10 fractions) are observed to be correlated with RP. It also provides a plausible explanation for the success of SBRT — RIBE damage increases with the number of fractions, so penalizes CFRT relative to SBRT. Conclusion: The proposed model is relatively simple, extrapolates from published data, plausibly explains several clinical observations, and produces dose-response curves that are consistent with clinical experience. While capable of elaboration, its ability to explain doseresponse experience with different fractionation schemes using a small number of assumptions and parameters is an

Low Concentration of Exogenous Carbon Monoxide Modulates Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect in Mammalian Cell Cluster Model

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Wenqing Wu

2016-12-01

Full Text Available During radiotherapy procedures, radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE can potentially lead to genetic hazards to normal tissues surrounding the targeted regions. Previous studies showed that RIBE intensities in cell cluster models were much higher than those in monolayer cultured cell models. On the other hand, low-concentration carbon monoxide (CO was previously shown to exert biological functions via binding to the heme domain of proteins and then modulating various signaling pathways. In relation, our previous studies showed that exogenous CO generated by the CO releasing molecule, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (CORM-2, at a relatively low concentration (20 µM, effectively attenuated the formation of RIBE-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB and micronucleus (MN. In the present work, we further investigated the capability of a low concentration of exogenous CO (CORM-2 of attenuating or inhibiting RIBE in a mixed-cell cluster model. Our results showed that CO (CORM-2 with a low concentration of 30 µM could effectively suppress RIBE-induced DSB (p53 binding protein 1, p53BP1, MN formation and cell proliferation in bystander cells but not irradiated cells via modulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS andcyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2. The results can help mitigate RIBE-induced hazards during radiotherapy procedures.

Bystander effects of the ionizing radiation and his implications in radiotherapy and radioprotection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mendez Ayala, Irene Maria; Sanchez Luthard, Maria de los Angeles; Martins Schmitz; Gomez, Silvia

2009-01-01

According to the classical paradigm, biological effects of ionizing radiation are attributed to DNA damage induced in each irradiated cell. Demonstration of ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) has generated a deep change in current understanding of radiobiology. RIBE are radiation-induced effects produced in cells that have not been actually irradiated. Several technical advances, particularly the use of microbeams, allowed in vitro study of RIBE. There are two known ways by which irradiated cells can communicate with non-irradiated cells, namely: through gap junctions connecting the cytoplasms of adjacent cells, and through the secretion of soluble factors to the extracellular medium. These factors include several cytokines and reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen. In the affected cells, signalling pathways mostly involve activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), NF-kB transcription factor and of the enzymes cyclooxygenase 2, nitric oxide synthase 2 and NAD (P)H oxidase. RIBE induce point mutations and epigenetic changes. Effects on cellular signalling pathways can persist indefinitely and even be transmitted to the progeny of affected cells. Paradoxically, under certain conditions RIBE may be adaptive, which means that they turn affected cells more resistant to ionizing radiation. Adaptation demands protein synthesis. It enhances DNA repair mechanisms and resistance to oxidative stress. RIBE have also been demonstrated in vivo. Thus, they may have important implications for radiotherapy, both to improve therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the incidence of adverse effects. Furthermore, a better understanding of RIBE may have an influence on international radioprotection standards. (authors) [es

Reactive ion beam etching for microcavity surface emitting laser fabrication: technology and damage characterization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsutani, A.; Tadokoro, T.; Koyama, F.; Iga, K.

1993-01-01

Reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) is an effective dry etching technique for the fabrication of micro-sized surface emitting (SE) lasers and optoelectronic devices. In this chapter, some etching characteristics for GaAs, InP and GaInAsP with a Cl 2 gas using an RIBE system are discussed. Micro-sized circular mesas including GaInAsP/InP multilayers with vertical sidewalls were fabricated. RIBE-induced damage in InP substrates was estimated by C-V and PL measurement. In addition, the removal of the induced damage by the second RIBE with different conditions for the InP wafer was proposed. The sidewall damage is characterized by photoluminescence emitted from the etched sidewall of a GaInAsP/InP DH wafer. (orig.)

Low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide protects mammalian cells against proliferation induced by radiation-induced bystander effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tong, Liping; Yu, K.N.; Bao, Lingzhi; Wu, Wenqing; Wang, Hongzhi; Han, Wei

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We show the possibility of modulate proliferation induced by radiation-induced bystander effect with low concentration carbon monoxide. • Carbon monoxide inhibited proliferation via modulating the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. • Exogenous carbon monoxide has potential application in clinical radiotherapy. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been proposed to have tight relationship with the irradiation-caused secondary cancers beyond the irradiation-treated area after radiotherapy. Our previous studies demonstrated a protective effect of low concentration carbon monoxide (CO) on the genotoxicity of RIBE after α-particle irradiation. In the present work, a significant inhibitory effect of low-dose exogenous CO, generated by tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer [CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2)], on both RIBE-induced proliferation and chromosome aberration was observed. Further studies on the mechanism revealed that the transforming growth factor β1/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, which mediated RIBE signaling transduction, could be modulated by CO involved in the protective effects. Considering the potential of exogenous CO in clinical applications and its protective effect on RIBE, the present work aims to provide a foundation for potential application of CO in radiotherapy

Low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide protects mammalian cells against proliferation induced by radiation-induced bystander effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tong, Liping [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Yu, K.N. [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Bao, Lingzhi; Wu, Wenqing; Wang, Hongzhi [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Han, Wei, E-mail: hanw@hfcas.cn [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China)

2014-01-15

Highlights: • We show the possibility of modulate proliferation induced by radiation-induced bystander effect with low concentration carbon monoxide. • Carbon monoxide inhibited proliferation via modulating the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. • Exogenous carbon monoxide has potential application in clinical radiotherapy. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been proposed to have tight relationship with the irradiation-caused secondary cancers beyond the irradiation-treated area after radiotherapy. Our previous studies demonstrated a protective effect of low concentration carbon monoxide (CO) on the genotoxicity of RIBE after α-particle irradiation. In the present work, a significant inhibitory effect of low-dose exogenous CO, generated by tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer [CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2)], on both RIBE-induced proliferation and chromosome aberration was observed. Further studies on the mechanism revealed that the transforming growth factor β1/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, which mediated RIBE signaling transduction, could be modulated by CO involved in the protective effects. Considering the potential of exogenous CO in clinical applications and its protective effect on RIBE, the present work aims to provide a foundation for potential application of CO in radiotherapy.

The key role of miR-21-regulated SOD2 in the medium-mediated bystander responses in human fibroblasts induced by α-irradiated keratinocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Tian, Wenqian; Yin, Xiaoming; Wang, Longxiao; Wang, Jingdong; Zhu, Wei; Cao, Jianping; Yang, Hongying

2015-10-01

Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is well accepted in the radiation research field by now, but the underlying molecular mechanisms for better understanding this phenomenon caused by intercellular communication and intracellular signal transduction are still incomplete. Although our previous study has demonstrated an important role of miR-21 of unirradiated bystander cells in RIBEs, the direct evidence for the hypothesis that RIBE is epigenetically regulated is still limited and how miR-21 mediates RIBEs is unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been demonstrated to be involved in RIBEs, however, the roles of anti-oxidative stress system of cells in RIBEs are unclear. Using transwell insert co-culture system, we investigated medium-mediated bystander responses in WS1 human fibroblasts after co-culture with HaCaT keratinocytes traversed by α-particles. Results showed that the ROS levels in unirradiated bystander WS1 cells were significantly elevated after 30min of co-culture, and 53BP1 foci, a surrogate marker of DNA damage, were obviously induced after 3h of co-culture. This indicates the occurrence of oxidative stress and DNA damage in bystander WS1 cells after co-culture with irradiated keratinocytes. Furthermore, the expression of miR-21 was increased in bystander WS1 cells, downregulation of miR-21 eliminated the bystander responses, overexpression of miR-21 alone could induce bystander-like oxidative stress and DNA damage in WS1 cells. These data indicate an important mediating role of miR-21 in RIBEs. In addition, MnSOD or SOD2 in WS1 cells was involved in the bystander effects, overexpression of SOD2 abolished the bystander oxidative stress and DNA damage, indicating that SOD2 was critical to the induction of RIBEs. Moreover, we found that miR-21 regulated SOD2, suggesting that miR-21 might mediate bystander responses through its regulation on SOD2. In conclusion, this study revealed a profound role of miR-21-regulated SOD2 of unirradiated WS1

Archaeological and Historical Reconnaissance and Literature Search of Cultural Resources within the Pembina River Project, Pembina and Cavalier Counties, North Dakota. Volume 1.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-12-01

Bur oak Ulmus americana American elm Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Menispermum canadense Moonseed Ribes americanum Black currant Ribes missouriense...broken terrain, or at slippery stream crossings and successfully attacked. There is no indication of the use of poison, pits, traps, fire, or communal

An Investigation of the Effects of Raw Garlic on Radiation-induced Bystander Effects in MCF7 Cells

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Shokouhozaman Soleymanifard

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Introduction Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE is a phenomenon in which radiation signals are transmitted from irradiated cells to non-irradiated ones, inducing radiation effects in these cells. RIBE plays an effective role in radiation response at environmentally relevant low doses and in radiotherapy, given its impact on adjacent normal tissues or those far from the irradiated tumor. Reactive oxygen species contribute to RIBE induction. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible inhibitory effects of garlic, as an antioxidant-containing plant, on RIBE. Materials and Methods MCF7 cells, treated with raw garlic extracts, were irradiated by 60Co gamma rays, and their culture medium was transferred to non-irradiated autologous bystander cells. Percentage cell viability and micronucleus formation in both irradiated and bystander cells were examined and compared with corresponding cell groups, not treated with garlic. Results Treatment with garlic extract reduced the number of micronucleus-containing cells in both irradiated and bystander cells. However, it only increased the percentage cell viability in bystander cells, not the irradiated ones. Conclusion RIBE was effectively suppressed by raw garlic extracts. Inhibitory effects of raw garlic may be of particular importance for exposure to environmentally relevant low doses, where RIBE dominates direct radiation effects. They are also partially important for addressing the limited therapeutic gain of radiotherapy, as they may only increase the percentage cell viability of bystander cells, not the directly irradiated tumor cells. However, more comprehensive in-vivo research regarding garlic treatment duration is required to support the obtained results.

A brief review of revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem

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Tsu-Yang Wu

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The design of ID-based cryptography has received much attention from researchers. However, how to revoke the misbehaviour/compromised user in ID-based public key cryptosystem becomes an important research issue. Recently, Tseng and Tsai proposed a novel public key cryptosystem called revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem (RIBE to solve the revocation problem. Later on, numerous research papers based on the Tseng-Tsai key RIBE were proposed. In this paper, we brief review Tseng and Tsai's RIBE. We hope this review can help the readers to understand the Tseng and Tsai's revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem.

The key role of miR-21-regulated SOD2 in the medium-mediated bystander responses in human fibroblasts induced by α-irradiated keratinocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian, Wenqian; Yin, Xiaoming; Wang, Longxiao; Wang, Jingdong; Zhu, Wei; Cao, Jianping; Yang, Hongying

2015-01-01

Highlights: • After co-culture with α-irradiated HaCaT cells, WS1 cells displayed oxidative stress and DNA damage. • Increased miR-21 expression in bystander cells was critical to the occurrence of RIBEs. • SOD2 of bystander cells played an important role in bystander responses. • miR-21 mediated bystander effects through its regulation on SOD2. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is well accepted in the radiation research field by now, but the underlying molecular mechanisms for better understanding this phenomenon caused by intercellular communication and intracellular signal transduction are still incomplete. Although our previous study has demonstrated an important role of miR-21 of unirradiated bystander cells in RIBEs, the direct evidence for the hypothesis that RIBE is epigenetically regulated is still limited and how miR-21 mediates RIBEs is unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been demonstrated to be involved in RIBEs, however, the roles of anti-oxidative stress system of cells in RIBEs are unclear. Using transwell insert co-culture system, we investigated medium-mediated bystander responses in WS1 human fibroblasts after co-culture with HaCaT keratinocytes traversed by α-particles. Results showed that the ROS levels in unirradiated bystander WS1 cells were significantly elevated after 30 min of co-culture, and 53BP1 foci, a surrogate marker of DNA damage, were obviously induced after 3 h of co-culture. This indicates the occurrence of oxidative stress and DNA damage in bystander WS1 cells after co-culture with irradiated keratinocytes. Furthermore, the expression of miR-21 was increased in bystander WS1 cells, downregulation of miR-21 eliminated the bystander responses, overexpression of miR-21 alone could induce bystander-like oxidative stress and DNA damage in WS1 cells. These data indicate an important mediating role of miR-21 in RIBEs. In addition, MnSOD or SOD2 in WS1 cells was involved in the bystander effects

The key role of miR-21-regulated SOD2 in the medium-mediated bystander responses in human fibroblasts induced by α-irradiated keratinocytes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tian, Wenqian; Yin, Xiaoming; Wang, Longxiao; Wang, Jingdong; Zhu, Wei; Cao, Jianping [School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123 (China); Yang, Hongying, E-mail: yanghongying@suda.edu.cn [School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123 (China); Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University (China)

2015-10-15

Highlights: • After co-culture with α-irradiated HaCaT cells, WS1 cells displayed oxidative stress and DNA damage. • Increased miR-21 expression in bystander cells was critical to the occurrence of RIBEs. • SOD2 of bystander cells played an important role in bystander responses. • miR-21 mediated bystander effects through its regulation on SOD2. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is well accepted in the radiation research field by now, but the underlying molecular mechanisms for better understanding this phenomenon caused by intercellular communication and intracellular signal transduction are still incomplete. Although our previous study has demonstrated an important role of miR-21 of unirradiated bystander cells in RIBEs, the direct evidence for the hypothesis that RIBE is epigenetically regulated is still limited and how miR-21 mediates RIBEs is unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been demonstrated to be involved in RIBEs, however, the roles of anti-oxidative stress system of cells in RIBEs are unclear. Using transwell insert co-culture system, we investigated medium-mediated bystander responses in WS1 human fibroblasts after co-culture with HaCaT keratinocytes traversed by α-particles. Results showed that the ROS levels in unirradiated bystander WS1 cells were significantly elevated after 30 min of co-culture, and 53BP1 foci, a surrogate marker of DNA damage, were obviously induced after 3 h of co-culture. This indicates the occurrence of oxidative stress and DNA damage in bystander WS1 cells after co-culture with irradiated keratinocytes. Furthermore, the expression of miR-21 was increased in bystander WS1 cells, downregulation of miR-21 eliminated the bystander responses, overexpression of miR-21 alone could induce bystander-like oxidative stress and DNA damage in WS1 cells. These data indicate an important mediating role of miR-21 in RIBEs. In addition, MnSOD or SOD2 in WS1 cells was involved in the bystander effects

Анализ признаков селекционного материала Ribes nigrum, Ribes rubrum, grossularia reclinata, созданного на основе метода автополиплоидии

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Игорь БУЧЕНКОВ

2017-06-01

Full Text Available A group of autotetraploids of black currant (Ribes nigrum, red currant (Ribes rubrum and gooseberry (Grossularia reclinata have been studied. The comparison of the characteristics of autotetraploid forms with diploid cultivars shown that the autotetraploids are characterized by a new set of morphological, anatomical and biological traits inherent to this level of ploidy. Despite the fact that the reaction of each trait to the doubling of the chromosomes number is determined by the specific genotype of each variety, there is a clear parallelism in the variability of the same traits in different species of the family Grossulariaceae Dumort. The obtained data indicate that the doubling of the chromosomes number of diploid varieties leads to increased resistance of the autotetraploid forms to pathogens and also to an increased amount of the vitamin C in the fruits. Реферат. Изучен фонд автотетраплоидов смородины черной (Ribes nigrum, смородины красной (Ribes rubrum и крыжовника (Grossularia reclinata. В результате анализа признаков автотетраплоидных форм в сравнении с диплоидными сортами установлено, что автотетраплоиды характеризуются новой совокупностью морфологических, анатомических и биологических признаков, присущих данному уровню плоидности. Несмотря на то, что реакция каждого признака на удвоение числа хромосом детерминируется спецификой генотипа каждого сорта, наблюдается четкий параллелизм в изменчивости одних и тех же признаков у разных видов �

Radiation-induced bystander effects in cultured human stem cells.

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Mykyta V Sokolov

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The radiation-induced "bystander effect" (RIBE was shown to occur in a number of experimental systems both in vitro and in vivo as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation (IR. RIBE manifests itself by intercellular communication from irradiated cells to non-irradiated cells which may cause DNA damage and eventual death in these bystander cells. It is known that human stem cells (hSC are ultimately involved in numerous crucial biological processes such as embryologic development; maintenance of normal homeostasis; aging; and aging-related pathologies such as cancerogenesis and other diseases. However, very little is known about radiation-induced bystander effect in hSC. To mechanistically interrogate RIBE responses and to gain novel insights into RIBE specifically in hSC compartment, both medium transfer and cell co-culture bystander protocols were employed.Human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC and embryonic stem cells (hESC were irradiated with doses 0.2 Gy, 2 Gy and 10 Gy of X-rays, allowed to recover either for 1 hr or 24 hr. Then conditioned medium was collected and transferred to non-irradiated hSC for time course studies. In addition, irradiated hMSC were labeled with a vital CMRA dye and co-cultured with non-irradiated bystander hMSC. The medium transfer data showed no evidence for RIBE either in hMSC and hESC by the criteria of induction of DNA damage and for apoptotic cell death compared to non-irradiated cells (p>0.05. A lack of robust RIBE was also demonstrated in hMSC co-cultured with irradiated cells (p>0.05.These data indicate that hSC might not be susceptible to damaging effects of RIBE signaling compared to differentiated adult human somatic cells as shown previously. This finding could have profound implications in a field of radiation biology/oncology, in evaluating radiation risk of IR exposures, and for the safety and efficacy of hSC regenerative-based therapies.

La pedagogía, ciencia de segunda clase. (En torno a un informe remitido pro Juan Roura- Parella desde Berlín en Febrero de 1932

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Conrado VILANOU TORRANO

2010-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este trabajo se reproduce y comenta un informe remitido por Juan Roura-Parella, discípulo predilecto de Joaquín Xirau, desde Berlín en febrero de 1932. Frente a la atracción ejercida en España por el positivismo, Roura-Parella —que estudió Pedagogía en Alemania durante dos años (1930-1932— plantea la alternativa de la pedagogía de las ciencias del espíritu (Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik que, siguiendo la huella de Dilthey, defendía Spranger en sintonía con la escuela del trabajo (Arbeitsbildung de Kerschensteiner. De alguna manera, esta pedagogía que combinaba la especialización profesional y los valores objetivos de la cultura deseaba vivificar —de acuerdo con la tradición formativa del idealismo de la libertad (Kant, Schiller, Goethe— una cultura que, después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, había entrado en una profunda crisis económica, política, social y, sobre todo, espiritual, situación que no era extraña en aquella incipiente España de la Segunda República (1931-1939. ABSTRACT: This work includes a reproduction of and comment on a report sent from Berlin by Juan Roura-Parella, favourite disciple of Joaquín Xirau, in February 1932. Faced with the appeal of positivism, Roura-Parella —who studied Pedagogy in Germany for two years (1930-1932— put forward the alternative of spiritual scientific pedagogy (Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik which, in the footsteps of Dilthey, defended Spranger and befitted Kerschensteiner’s work school (Arbeitsbildung. Somehow, this pedagogy, which combined professional specialisation and the objective values of culture, aimed at revitalising —in accordance with the educational tradition of the idealism of freedom (Kant, Schiller, Goethe—, a culture that had entered a profound economic, political, social and, most particularly, spiritual crisis after the First World War, a situation that was not unfamiliar in the incipient Spain of the Second Republic

Ion microbeam irradiation for radiobiology and radical chemistry: status and prospect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khodja, H, E-mail: hicham.khodja@cea.fr [CEA, IRAMIS, SIS2M, LEEL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); CNRS, UMR 3299, SIS2M, LEEL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

2011-01-01

Ion microbeams are commonly used to study local irradiation effects in living cells, as it has been established that ion beam irradiations can lead to deleterious changes in cells that are not struck directly by the microbeam. Such changes, which take place over distances long compared to the size of the irradiation spot and for times long compared to the time of irradiation, are collectively termed radiation-induced bystander effect or RIBE. Free-radical chemistry is frequently invoked to explain the RIBE but no unified model is available at present. Ion microbeams when coupled with advanced methods for observing free radicals are the tools of choice for investigating the chemistry and biological processes governing RIBE.

Protective effect of mild endoplasmic reticulum stress on radiation-induced bystander effects in hepatocyte cells

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Yuexia; Ye, Shuang; Zhang, Jianghong; He, Mingyuan; Dong, Chen; Tu, Wenzhi; Liu, Peifeng; Shao, Chunlin

2016-01-01

Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has important implications for secondary cancer risk assessment during cancer radiotherapy, but the defense and self-protective mechanisms of bystander normal cells are still largely unclear. The present study found that micronuclei (MN) formation could be induced in the non-irradiated HL-7702 hepatocyte cells after being treated with the conditioned medium from irradiated hepatoma HepG2 cells under either normoxia or hypoxia, where the ratio of the yield of bystander MN induction to the yield of radiation-induced MN formation under hypoxia was much higher than that of normoxia. Nonetheless, thapsigargin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dramatically suppressed this bystander response manifested as the decrease of MN and apoptosis inductions. Meanwhile, the interference of BiP gene, a major ER chaperone, amplified the detrimental RIBE. More precisely, thapsigargin provoked ER sensor of PERK to initiate an instantaneous and moderate ER stress thus defensed the hazard form RIBE, while BiP depletion lead to persistently destroyed homeostasis of ER and exacerbated cell injury. These findings provide new insights that the mild ER stress through BiP-PERK-p-eIF2α signaling pathway has a profound role in protecting cellular damage from RIBE and hence may decrease the potential secondary cancer risk after cancer radiotherapy. PMID:27958308

Viviendas, en Berlín

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schneider-Esleben, P.

1960-03-01

Full Text Available Este edificio de cuatro plantas corresponde a un grupo de cinco construcciones iguales situadas al norte de la parcela que constituye el barrio Hansa, entre la calle Klopstock y el Stadt-Bahn, famoso ferrocarril urbano berlinés. El bloque de 56 m de longitud por 9 de anchura y 12 de altura, consta de veinte viviendas. Cada vivienda, de 77 m2, está distribuida en dos plantas: la baja aloja el cuarto de estar y la cocina y la alta el baño y los dormitorios.

Pilgrimssouvenir

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Søvsø, Mette Højmark; Neiß, Michael

2016-01-01

Nye arkæologiske fund af stenstøbeforme fra Ribe viser, at her blev fremstillet religiøse souvenirs i højmiddelalderen. Særligt en af støbeformene er sjælden og spektakulær.......Nye arkæologiske fund af stenstøbeforme fra Ribe viser, at her blev fremstillet religiøse souvenirs i højmiddelalderen. Særligt en af støbeformene er sjælden og spektakulær....

Modeling of altered layer formation during reactive ion etching of GaAs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mutzke, A. [Max-Planck-Institute of Plasmaphysics, EURATOM Association, D-17491 Greifswald (Germany); Rai, A., E-mail: Abha.Rai@ipp.mpg.de [Max-Planck-Institute of Plasmaphysics, EURATOM Association, D-17491 Greifswald (Germany); Schneider, R.; Angelin, E.J.; Hippler, R. [Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.6, D-17489 Greifswald (Germany)

2012-12-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Experimental result showing the preferential sputtering of GaAs (150 keV Ar{sup +} and thermal O on GaAs) during reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) has been reported. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A model based on binary collisions (SDTrimSP) is presented to simulate RIBE. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The model is used to explain the reported experimental data and also the results by Grigonis and co-workers [1]. - Abstract: The binary collision based SDTrimSP model has been used to simulate the reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) of GaAs in the presence of energetic Ar ions and thermal O atoms. It includes the collisional effects, diffusive processes and chemical reactions taking place in the system. The model parameters are fitted using the experimental observations of Grigonis and co-workers [1] and validated with the experimental results obtained during the GaAs ion etching presented in this paper. A detailed analysis is presented to understand the effect of the diffusive processes and the role of O during RIBE of GaAs. It is shown how the presence of damage caused by the energetic Ar coupled with the presence of thermal O opens up chemical reaction channels which eventually leads to the preferential sputtering of Ga observed at the ion etching facility at University of Greifswald.

Effects of radiation on levels of DNA damage in normal non-adjacent mucosa from colorectal cancer cases.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Sheridan, Juliette

2013-03-01

Defects in DNA repair pathways have been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC). Adjuvant radiotherapy has become commonplace in the treatment of rectal cancer however it is associated with a higher rate of second cancer formation. It is known that radiation results in DNA damage directly or indirectly by radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) by causing double-strand breaks (DSBs). The majority of work in RIBE has been performed in cell lines and limited studies have been in or ex vivo.

A pivotal role of the jasmonic acid signal pathway in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects in Arabidopsis thaliana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Ting; Xu, Wei; Deng, Chenguang; Xu, Shaoxin; Li, Fanghua; Wu, Yuejin; Wu, Lijun [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031 (China); Bian, Po, E-mail: bianpo@ipp.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031 (China)

2016-09-15

Highlights: • The JA signal pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects in Arabidopsis thaliana. • The JA signal pathway is involved in both the generation of bystander signals in irradiated roots and radiation responses in bystander aerial plants. • Over-accumulation of endogenous JA enhances the radiosensitivity of plants in terms of RIBE. - Abstract: Although radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in Arabidopsis thaliana have been well demonstrated in vivo, little is known about their underlying mechanisms, particularly with regard to the participating signaling molecules and signaling pathways. In higher plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive derivatives are well accepted as systemic signal transducers that are produced in response to various environmental stresses. It is therefore speculated that the JA signal pathway might play a potential role in mediating radiation-induced bystander signaling of root-to-shoot. In the present study, pretreatment of seedlings with Salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of lipoxigenase (LOX) in JA biosynthesis, significantly suppressed RIBE-mediated expression of the AtRAD54 gene. After root irradiation, the aerial parts of A. thaliana mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis (aos) and signaling cascades (jar1-1) showed suppressed induction of the AtRAD54 and AtRAD51 genes and TSI and 180-bp repeats, which have been extensively used as endpoints of bystander genetic and epigenetic effects in plants. These results suggest an involvement of the JA signal pathway in the RIBE of plants. Using the root micro-grafting technique, the JA signal pathway was shown to participate in both the generation of bystander signals in irradiated root cells and radiation responses in the bystander aerial parts of plants. The over-accumulation of endogenous JA in mutant fatty acid oxygenation up-regulated 2 (fou2), in which mutation of the Two Pore Channel 1 (TPC1) gene up-regulates expression of the LOX

A pivotal role of the jasmonic acid signal pathway in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ting; Xu, Wei; Deng, Chenguang; Xu, Shaoxin; Li, Fanghua; Wu, Yuejin; Wu, Lijun; Bian, Po

Although radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in Arabidopsis thaliana have been well demonstrated in vivo, little is known about their underlying mechanisms, particularly with regard to the participating signaling molecules and signaling pathways. In higher plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive derivatives are well accepted as systemic signal transducers that are produced in response to various environmental stresses. It is therefore speculated that the JA signal pathway might play a potential role in mediating radiation-induced bystander signaling of root-to-shoot. In the present study, pretreatment of seedlings with Salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of lipoxigenase (LOX) in JA biosynthesis, significantly suppressed RIBE-mediated expression of the AtRAD54 gene. After root irradiation, the aerial parts of A. thaliana mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis (aos) and signaling cascades (jar1-1) showed suppressed induction of the AtRAD54 and AtRAD51 genes and TSI and 180-bp repeats, which have been extensively used as endpoints of bystander genetic and epigenetic effects in plants. These results suggest an involvement of the JA signal pathway in the RIBE of plants. Using the root micro-grafting technique, the JA signal pathway was shown to participate in both the generation of bystander signals in irradiated root cells and radiation responses in the bystander aerial parts of plants. The over-accumulation of endogenous JA in mutant fatty acid oxygenation up-regulated 2 (fou2), in which mutation of the Two Pore Channel 1 (TPC1) gene up-regulates expression of the LOX and allene oxide synthase (AOS) genes, inhibited RIBE-mediated expression of the AtRAD54 gene, but up-regulated expression of the AtKU70 and AtLIG4 genes in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Considering that NHEJ is employed by plants with increased DNA damage, the switch from HR to NHEJ suggests that over-accumulation of endogenous JA might enhance the radiosensitivity of plants

Scharoun versus Gehry : dos opciones metodológicas personales explícitas a partir del análisis de la Filarmónica de Berlín y el Walt Disney Concert Hall

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eneko Besa

2012-12-01

Full Text Available

Resumen

Estudio de la Filarmónica de Berlín como ejemplo de las  diferentes aproximaciones y contradicciones que la arquitectura “traba” a través del argumento que la constituye. Acuerdo tenso entre interior‐exterior, lugar‐programa, simetría‐asimetría,  unidad sintética ‐ complejidad múltiple, continuidad orgánica ‐ discontinuidad fragmentada.
Comparativa con el edificio Walt Disney Concert Hall, en el que  se utiliza la misma tipología de sala de conciertos. Sin embargo y al contrario que Scharoun, Gehry evita cualquier acuerdo sintético de unidad, constituyendo el edificio a partir de la pura  fragmentación y diversidad per se. Pues en su caso, la unidad necesaria para constituir la autonomía y ser de la obra, se buscará a través de la imagen y expresión del concepto de  belleza que el edificio alcanza.

Palabras clave

sala de conciertos, lugar, unidad, exterior, fragmento

Abstract

This article is a study of the Berlin Philharmonic Concert Hall as an example of the different approximations and contradictions that Architecture ties together as a result of the reasoning that makes it up. A tense agreement between interior and exterior, place and program, symmetry and asymmetry, synthetic unity and multiple complexity, organic continuity and fragmented discontinuity.
A comparison to Walt Disney Concert Hall is made, where the same concert hall typology is used. Nevertheless, in contrast to Scharoun, Gehry avoids any kind of synthetic agreement of unity, conceiving the building out of pure fragmentation and  diversity per se. In Gehry’s case, the unity necessary to constitute the autonomy and essence of the building is sought  through the image and expression of the concept of beauty that it reaches.

Key words

concert hall, place, unity, exterior, fragment

Rompiendo la “maldición de los vacíos fronterizos”: La construcción de la fisionomía urbana de Berlín a través de la “fachada bien ordenada” del viaducto ferroviario

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Filipe Temtem

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se despliega sobre el análisis del viaducto ferroviario que atraviesa el centro de la capital alemana en la dirección este-oeste. Con ello se pretende descifrar las estrategias de diseño urbano vinculadas a la planificación elevada de la Stadtbahn, discurriéndose sobre la configuración de la fisionomía urbana del centro de Berlín a través de una “fachada bien ordenada”. Así se expone la construcción de una morfología lineal asociada a la infraestructura de transporte segregado, aclarándose el designio de proyectar la línea de tren como un edificio-viaducto, que subordina la composición del espacio público a los efectos escénicos de su frontón arquitectónico. A través de un levantamiento in situ se deja de manifiesto que dicho edifico tiene la capacidad de romper la “maldición de los vacíos fronterizos”, contrariando la destrucción de las vecindades que típicamente convierte la vía segregada en una frontera físico-social. Esto con la intención de despejar el valor que la arquitectura agrega a estas construcciones originadas como respuesta exacta a problemas concretos de tiempo y distancia recogida, alumbrando un campo de trabajo multidisciplinario cada vez más ineludible, donde el aporte de los arquitectos al problema de la infraestructura de transporte aparece aún como figura difusa.

Observaciones adicinales sobre la biogeografía de la zona de AmotapeHuancabamba en el norte del Perú: definiendo el límite suroriental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maximilian Weigend

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Observaciones de Loasaceae y Ribes (Grossulariaceae obtenidos durante estudios de campo en el Perú nos permiten definir el límite suroriental de la zona Amotape Huancabamba con gran precisión. El límite se encuentra entre la zona directamente al NE de Otuzco (departamento La Libertad, prov. Otuzco, sistema Río Chicama: 07° 50,315´ S, 078° 29,076´ W hacía el abra entre Parcoy y Buldibuyo (departamento La Libertad, provincia Pataz, N del Río Cajas: 08° 04,619´ S, 077° 25,457´ O. Los grupos de plantas típicas de la zona Amotape Huancabamba (grupo N. triphylla, N. ser. Alatae, grupo Ribes andicola, Nasa picta subsp. picta tienen sus límites suroriental de distribución en el Norte de la provincia de Pataz (La Libertad, y se encuentran reemplazadas por grupos de los Andes Centrales (grupo N. poissoniana, Ribes viscosum inmediatamente al sur de esta abra.

Elevated sodium chloride concentrations enhance the bystander effects induced by low dose alpha-particle irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han Wei; Zhu Lingyan; Jiang Erkang; Wang Jun; Chen Shaopeng; Bao Linzhi; Zhao Ye; Xu An; Yu Zengliang; Wu Lijun

2007-01-01

Previous studies have shown that high NaCl can be genotoxic, either alone or combined with irradiation. However, little is known about the relationship between environmental NaCl at elevated conditions and radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). RIBE, which has been considered as non-targeted bystander responses, has been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines. In the present study, RIBE under the elevated NaCl culture condition was assessed in AG 1522 cells by both the induction of γ-H2AX, a reliable marker of DNA double-strand break (DSB) for the early process ( G -methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, the induced fraction of foci-positive cells was effectively inhibited both in 0.2 cGy α-particle irradiated and adjacent non-irradiated regions under either normal or elevated NaCl conditions. These results suggested that the cultures with elevated NaCl medium magnified the damage effects induced by the low dose α-particle irradiation and nitric oxide generated by irradiation was also very important in this process

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

2014-04-28

Apr 28, 2014 ... sinuses, orbital structures, upper respiratory infection and recent trauma or ... ChAc remain yet tricky. Medical treatment including botulinum toxin an injections and ... molecular bases of neuroacanthocytosis. J Mol Med (Berl).

TELEADAPT-SOCINF: un espacio virtual de formación para las PYMES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Angeles Pérez Juárez

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo describe el trabajo que se está realizando en el proyecto TELEADAPT-SOCINF, enmarcado dentro de la iniciativa comunitaria ADAPT y cofinanciado por el Fondo Social Europeo, la Junta de Castilla y León y CEDETEL. En TELEADAPT-SOCINF se han desarrollado cuatro hipermedias interactivos que apoyados por un espacio virtual de formación se emplearán para impartir cursos a PYMEs de Castilla y León y de Berlín. El equipo de investigación interdisciplinar e interuniversitario Canalejas está trabajando con el departamento de Tele formación y Multimedia de CEDETEL y con una universidad y un centro tecnológico de Berlín para llevar a cabo este proyecto.

Utjecaj jestivog filma od želatine, obogaćenog eteričnim uljem lovora, na kakvoću fileta kalifornijske pastrve (Onchorynchus mykiss) tijekom skladištenja u hladnjaku

OpenAIRE

Alparslan, Yunus; Baygar, Tuba; Baygar, Taçnur; Hasanhocaoglu, Hatice; Metin, Cansu

2014-01-01

U ovom je radu ispitan utjecaj filma od želatine, obogaćenog eteričnim uljem lovorovog lista, na kakvoću fileta kalifornijske pastrve (Onchorynchus mykiss) skladištene na (4±1) °C tijekom 26 dana. Fileti su ribe omotani u filmove od 8 %-tne želatine, koji su sadržavali 0; 0,1 ili 1 % (volumena po masi želatine) eteričnog ulja lovora, te pakirani u vakuumu. Tijekom skladištenja određivani su: senzorske značajke sirove i kuhane ribe, mikrobiološki parametri (ukupan broj živih stanica, te bro...

President Ilves ja Simon Peres avasid Tallinna uue sünagoogi / Evely Baum, Riina Leminsky

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Baum, Evely

2007-01-01

16. mail 2007 avati pidulikult Tallinna uus juudi sünagoog. Avamistseremoonial osalesid ka Eesti president Toomas Hendrik Ilves ja peaminister Andrus Ansip, Iisraeli asepeaminister Simon Peres, Iisraeli pearabi Yona Metzger, Venemaa pearabi Berl Lazar

Judaica et Aegyptiaca : de Maccabaeorum libro III quaestiones historicae

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cohen, Jakob

1941-01-01

Disputans de libro, quem composuerat H. Willrich, inscripto "Judaica, Forschungen zur hellenistisch-jiidischen Geschichte und Litteratur", 1900, dixit P. Wendland (Berl. Philol. Wochenschrift anni 1900, p. 1197 seqq.) : "Ich unterschreibe Willrichs Urteil, dasz die Geschichte des hellenistischen

Target irradiation induced bystander effects between stem-like and non stem-like cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Yu [State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Space Radiation Research Unit, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Kobayashi, Alisa [Space Radiation Research Unit, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Department of Technical Support and Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Maeda, Takeshi [Department of Technical Support and Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Fu, Qibin [State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Oikawa, Masakazu [Department of Technical Support and Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Yang, Gen, E-mail: gen.yang@pku.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Space Radiation Research Unit, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Konishi, Teruaki, E-mail: tkonishi@nirs.go.jp [Space Radiation Research Unit, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Department of Technical Support and Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Uchihori, Yukio [Space Radiation Research Unit, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Department of Technical Support and Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); and others

2015-03-15

Highlights: • Existence of radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE) between cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non stem-like cancer cells (NSCCs) in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. • Existence of significant difference in generation and response of bystander signals between CSCs and NSCCs. • CSCs are significantly less sensitive to NO scavenger than that of NSCCs in terms of DNA double strand breaks induced by RIBE. - Abstract: Tumors are heterogeneous in nature and consist of multiple cell types. Among them, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are suggested to be the principal cause of tumor metastasis, resistance and recurrence. Therefore, understanding the behavior of CSCs in direct and indirect irradiations is crucial for clinical radiotherapy. Here, the CSCs and their counterpart non stem-like cancer cells (NSCCs) in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line were sorted and labeled, then the two cell subtypes were mixed together and chosen separately to be irradiated via a proton microbeam. The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) between the CSCs and NSCCs was measured by imaging 53BP1 foci, a widely used indicator for DNA double strand break (DSB). CSCs were found to be less active than NSCCs in both the generation and the response of bystander signals. Moreover, the nitric oxide (NO) scavenger c-PTIO can effectively alleviate the bystander effect in bystander NSCCs but not in bystander CSCs, indicating a difference of the two cell subtypes in NO signal response. To our knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on the RIBE between CSCs and NSCCs, which might contribute to a further understanding of the out-of-field effect in cancer radiotherapy.

Target irradiation induced bystander effects between stem-like and non stem-like cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Yu; Kobayashi, Alisa; Maeda, Takeshi; Fu, Qibin; Oikawa, Masakazu; Yang, Gen; Konishi, Teruaki; Uchihori, Yukio

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Existence of radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE) between cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non stem-like cancer cells (NSCCs) in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. • Existence of significant difference in generation and response of bystander signals between CSCs and NSCCs. • CSCs are significantly less sensitive to NO scavenger than that of NSCCs in terms of DNA double strand breaks induced by RIBE. - Abstract: Tumors are heterogeneous in nature and consist of multiple cell types. Among them, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are suggested to be the principal cause of tumor metastasis, resistance and recurrence. Therefore, understanding the behavior of CSCs in direct and indirect irradiations is crucial for clinical radiotherapy. Here, the CSCs and their counterpart non stem-like cancer cells (NSCCs) in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line were sorted and labeled, then the two cell subtypes were mixed together and chosen separately to be irradiated via a proton microbeam. The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) between the CSCs and NSCCs was measured by imaging 53BP1 foci, a widely used indicator for DNA double strand break (DSB). CSCs were found to be less active than NSCCs in both the generation and the response of bystander signals. Moreover, the nitric oxide (NO) scavenger c-PTIO can effectively alleviate the bystander effect in bystander NSCCs but not in bystander CSCs, indicating a difference of the two cell subtypes in NO signal response. To our knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on the RIBE between CSCs and NSCCs, which might contribute to a further understanding of the out-of-field effect in cancer radiotherapy

Managing infestation levels of major insect pests of garden eggs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ha) was evaluated on Legon I variety of local garden egg in the field. The effect of ANSE was compared with a registered Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. (Biobit), a synthetic insecticide (Karate 2.5 EC) and an untreated control (water only). Karate ...

Socially responsible firms

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ferrell, A.; Liang, Hao; Renneboog, Luc

2016-01-01

In the corporate finance tradition, starting with Berle and Means (1932), corporations should generally be run to maximize shareholder value. The agency view of corporate social responsibility (CSR) considers CSR an agency problem and a waste of corporate resources. Given our identification strategy

Socially Responsible Firms

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Renneboog, L.D.R.; Liang, H.; Ferrell, A.

2014-01-01

In the corporate finance tradition starting with Berle & Means (1923), corporations should generally be run so as to maximize shareholder value. The agency view of corporate social responsibility (CSR) generally considers CSR as a managerial agency problem and a waste of corporate resources, since

Pattern transfer on fused silica samples using sub-aperture reactive ion beam etching

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miessler, Andre; Arnold, Thomas [Leibniz-Institut fuer Oberflaechenmodifizierung (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig (Germany)

2012-07-01

In comparison to sole Ar ion beam sputtering Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) reveals the main advantage of increasing the selectivity for different kind of materials due to chemical contributions during the material removal. Therefore RIBE is qualified to be an excellent candidate for pattern transfer applications. The goal of the present study is to apply a sub-aperture reactive ion beam for pattern transfer on large fused silica samples. Concerning this matter, the etching behavior in the ion beam periphery plays a decisive role. Using a Kaufman-typed ion source with NF{sub 3} as reactive gas, XPS measurements of the modified surface exposes impurities like Ni, Fe and Cr, which belongs to chemically eroded material of the plasma pot and a layer formation of silicon nitride, handicaps the etching process mainly in the beam periphery where the sputtering contribution decrease. These side effects influence the pattern transfer of trench structures, produced in AZ MIR 701 photoresist by lithography on a 2'' fused silica plate, by changing the selectivity due to modified chemical reactions of the resist layer. Concerning this we investigate a RF-Ion source for sub aperture reactive ion beam applications and finally we examine the pattern transfer on large fused silica plates using NF{sub 3}-sub-aperture RIBE.

Current Titles in Turkish Science. Volume 6. Numbers 7-9, July-August-September 1979

Science.gov (United States)

1979-01-01

19 (2) 173-177. (5 refs. Tu. , en.) (79-1882) KARACADAÜ §., BERlLGEN A. Dysphagia due to cervical osteophytes (A case report). Hacettepe...gulairova D. Tip Fak. Derg. (1979) 4 (I) 26-33. (19 refs. Tu., en. ) (79-1923) ONAT, Allan. Dradycardio-depondent Wolff- Parkinson -White

Kas Venemaa ülemrabil on õigus?

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Severnoje Poberezhje, 20. juuli 2004, lk. 2. Venemaa ülemrabi Berl Lazar pöördus Euroopa Komisjoni presidendi Romano Prodi poole üleskutsega anda hinnang Eesti võimude tegevusele, mis rabi meelest soosib kohalikke natse. Küsimusele vastab Ida-Viru juudi kogukonna juht Aleksandr Dusman

Bystander signaling via oxidative metabolism.

Science.gov (United States)

Sawal, Humaira Aziz; Asghar, Kashif; Bureik, Matthias; Jalal, Nasir

2017-01-01

The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is the initiation of biological end points in cells (bystander cells) that are not directly traversed by an incident-radiation track, but are in close proximity to cells that are receiving the radiation. RIBE has been indicted of causing DNA damage via oxidative stress, besides causing direct damage, inducing tumorigenesis, producing micronuclei, and causing apoptosis. RIBE is regulated by signaling proteins that are either endogenous or secreted by cells as a means of communication between cells, and can activate intracellular or intercellular oxidative metabolism that can further trigger signaling pathways of inflammation. Bystander signals can pass through gap junctions in attached cell lines, while the suspended cell lines transmit these signals via hormones and soluble proteins. This review provides the background information on how reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as bystander signals. Although ROS have a very short half-life and have a nanometer-scale sphere of influence, the wide variety of ROS produced via various sources can exert a cumulative effect, not only in forming DNA adducts but also setting up signaling pathways of inflammation, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, aging, and even tumorigenesis. This review outlines the sources of the bystander effect linked to ROS in a cell, and provides methods of investigation for researchers who would like to pursue this field of science.

Radiation-induced bystander effects enhanced by elevated sodium chloride through sensitizing cells to bystander factors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Lingyan; Han Wei; Chen Shaopeng; Zhao Ye; Jiang Erkang; Bao Lingzhi; Pei Bei; Yang Gen; Zhao Guoping; Wang Jun; Xu An; Wu Lijun

2008-01-01

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines. However, very little data is available on the genotoxic effects of RIBE combined with other factor(s). We reported previously that with a low dose of α-particle irradiation, the fraction of γ-H2AX foci-positive cells in non-irradiated bystander cells was significantly increased under elevated NaCl culture conditions. In this study, we further investigated the functional role of NaCl in the enhancement of RIBE using a specially designed co-culture system and micronucleus (MN) test. It was shown that the MN frequency was not increased significantly by elevated NaCl (9.0 g/L) alone or by medium exposure. However, with 1.0 cGy α-particle irradiation, the induced MN frequency increased significantly in both irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions. Additional studies showed that elevated NaCl made the non-irradiated bystander cells more vulnerable to bystander factors. Furthermore, it was found that the induced MN frequency in cells both in irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions was weakened when the hypertonic medium was changed to normotonic medium for 2 h before irradiation. Such observations were quite similar to the co-effect of NaCl and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), indicating that elevated NaCl might sensitize non-irradiated cells to bystander factors-induced oxidative stress

Elevated sodium chloride concentrations enhance the bystander effects induced by low dose alpha-particle irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han Wei; Zhu Lingyan; Jiang Erkang; Wang Jun; Chen Shaopeng; Bao Linzhi; Zhao Ye; Xu An; Yu Zengliang [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Wu Lijun [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China)], E-mail: ljw@ipp.ac.cn

2007-11-01

Previous studies have shown that high NaCl can be genotoxic, either alone or combined with irradiation. However, little is known about the relationship between environmental NaCl at elevated conditions and radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). RIBE, which has been considered as non-targeted bystander responses, has been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines. In the present study, RIBE under the elevated NaCl culture condition was assessed in AG 1522 cells by both the induction of {gamma}-H2AX, a reliable marker of DNA double-strand break (DSB) for the early process (<1 h post irradiation), and the generation of micronuclei (MN), a sensitive marker for relative long process of RIBE. Our results showed that in the absence of irradiation, NaCl at elevated concentration such as 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0 g/L did not significantly increase the frequency of {gamma}-H2AX foci-positive cells and the number of foci per positive cell comparing with that NaCl at a normal concentration (6.8 g/L). However, with 0.2 cGy {alpha}-particle irradiation, the induced fraction of {gamma}-H2AX foci-positive cells and the number of induced {gamma}-H2AX foci per positive cell were significantly increased in both irradiated and adjacent non-irradiated regions. Similarly, the induction of MN by 0.2 cGy {alpha}-particle irradiation also increased with the elevated NaCl concentrations. With N{sup G}-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, the induced fraction of foci-positive cells was effectively inhibited both in 0.2 cGy {alpha}-particle irradiated and adjacent non-irradiated regions under either normal or elevated NaCl conditions. These results suggested that the cultures with elevated NaCl medium magnified the damage effects induced by the low dose {alpha}-particle irradiation and nitric oxide generated by irradiation was also very important in this process.

Bystander signaling via oxidative metabolism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sawal HA

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Humaira Aziz Sawal,1 Kashif Asghar,2 Matthias Bureik,3 Nasir Jalal4 1Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 2Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Health Science Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; 4Health Science Platform, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China Abstract: The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE is the initiation of biological end points in cells (bystander cells that are not directly traversed by an incident-radiation track, but are in close proximity to cells that are receiving the radiation. RIBE has been indicted of causing DNA damage via oxidative stress, besides causing direct damage, inducing tumorigenesis, producing micronuclei, and causing apoptosis. RIBE is regulated by signaling proteins that are either endogenous or secreted by cells as a means of communication between cells, and can activate intracellular or intercellular oxidative metabolism that can further trigger signaling pathways of inflammation. Bystander signals can pass through gap junctions in attached cell lines, while the suspended cell lines transmit these signals via hormones and soluble proteins. This review provides the background information on how reactive oxygen species (ROS act as bystander signals. Although ROS have a very short half-life and have a nanometer-scale sphere of influence, the wide variety of ROS produced via various sources can exert a cumulative effect, not only in forming DNA adducts but also setting up signaling pathways of inflammation, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, aging, and even tumorigenesis. This review outlines the sources of the bystander effect linked to ROS in a cell, and provides methods of investigation for researchers who would like to

Partial genome sequence of currant latent virus, a new chera-like virus related to Apple latent spherical virus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Petrzik, Karel; Přibylová, Jaroslava; Špak, Josef; Havelka, Jan

2015-01-01

Roč. 81, č. 2 (2015), s. 142-145 ISSN 1345-2630 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Picornaviridae * Red currant blister aphid * Ribes Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 1.120, year: 2015

Rædsler fra Ribe og omegn

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clasen, Mathias

2011-01-01

Antropologen Donald E. Brown samlede i sin bog Human Universals (1991) de adfærdsmæssige, kognitive, sproglige og samfundsmæssige træk, som er blevet fundet i samtlige kulturer i verden, og som må forstås i lyset af menneskets biologi. Blandt disse adskillige hundrede træk findes narrative. I et ...

Studies on bystander effects of 14MeV neutrons in human blood lymphocytes using CBMN assay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakkiam, D.; Arul Anantha Kumar, A.; Sonwani, Swetha; Alaguraja, E.; Mathiyarasu, R.; Baskaran, R.; Venkatraman, B.

2018-01-01

Radiation induced Bystander Effects (RIBE) in cells generally describes the phenomenon that non-irradiated cells respond as if they have themselves been irradiated upon receiving signals from directly irradiated cells, either through partnering or medium transfer. While it has been well established that bystander effects could be induced by gamma radiation and alpha-particle radiation it is still a question whether neutrons induce bystander effects or not. In view of this, experiments were carried out to quantify cytogenetic damage in human blood lymphocytes induced by neutron directly and indirectly i.e. RIBE through medium transfer method. Cytokinesis Blocked MicroNucleus (CBMN) assay was used to study DNA damage events wherein micronuclei (MN) were scored in binucleated cells. Results of MN frequency in neutron direct and indirect irradiated blood lymphocytes (bystander samples) are compared

Los modelos de financiación de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Alemania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Ramírez Torres

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad la financiación de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Públicas, IESP, es cada vez más limitado, tanto en países desarrollados, como en países en vías de desarrollo, por esa razón en la mayoría de los países se busca diversificar los ingresos de dichas instituciones. En este trabajo se presentan los modelos de financiación de IESP de un grupo de Estados Federados alemanes, lo que se hace siguiendo una clasificación de que permita agrupar a los mismos de acuerdo a las posiciones de determinadas variables. Los modelos de financiación de las IESP desarrollados son los de Berlín, Brandemburgo, Baden-Württemberg, Baja Sajonia, Bremen, Hamburgo, Hesse y Schleswig-Holstein. Palabras clave: Instituciones Educación Superior Públicas, Alemania, Modelos de Financiación, Presupuesto, Clasificación, Berlín, Brandemburgo, Baden-Württemberg, Baja Sajonia, Bremen, Hamburgo, Hesse y Schleswig-Holstein. 

Genetics Home Reference: ethylmalonic encephalopathy

Science.gov (United States)

... 0004.2010.01457.x. Citation on PubMed García-Silva MT, Ribes A, Campos Y, Garavaglia B, Arenas ... R, Lamantea E, Mandel H, Balestri P, Garcia-Silva MT, Vollmer B, Rinaldo P, Hahn SH, Leonard ...

Ways to live history. Or philosophy, culture, and architecture in the origins of the museum Altes in Berlín Formas de habitar la historia. O la filosofía, la cultura y la arquitectura en la fundación del Museo Altes de Berlín Modos de habitar a história ou Filosofia, cultura e arquitetura na fundação do Altes Museum de Berlim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiano Lemos

2011-01-01

proceso de estructuración de los museos y la reestructuración de las colecciones de historia natural en ciudades como París y Berlín en la transición para el siglo XIX, para convencernos del asombro con el origen que ya no se reconoce y que se convierte en objeto de interés científico y popular, y que guió cada una de las decisiones involucradas en este proceso. El museo es sólo una de las instituciones en que el hombre, a través de una serie idealizaciones del espacio complejo, se entrega a el espectáculo de un tiempo perdido, y por lo tanto una cultura cuyo esfuerzo educativo sólo puede aprender asociándose a estas instituciones. Lo que debemos investigar - y el estudio de caso de la discusión en torno a la fundación del Museo Altes en Berlín entre 1822 y 1830 puede hacer estas investigaciones más concretas - es que las políticas institucionales han hecho posible el surgimiento de este nuevo modelo ideológico, y en sentido contrario, que elaboraciones conceptuales confirmaron y legitimaron la nueva topografía pragmática del tiempo en la modernidad dentro de la institución que tenía como objetivo, precisamente articular y gestionar el pasado y la memoria.

Desde a aurora do que hoje entendemos como modernidade o homem se espanta com sua finitude.  O burguês dos séculos XVIII e XIX precisou elaborar intrincados mecanismos de preservação de passado e de vinculação com ele. No círculo dos philosophes, o conceito de tempo passa a se duplicar na idéia de origem, que, para eles, se tornou opaca. Basta pensarmos no amplo processo de estruturação dos museus e de reestruturação das coleções de história natural em cidades como Paris e Berlim, na passagem para o século XIX, para nos convencermos de que o assombro com a origem que não mais se reconhece, que se torna objeto de interesse científico e popular, orienta cada uma das decisões envolvidas neste processo.  O museu é apenas uma das institui

Sociolingvistické sympozium v Berlíně

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kaderka, Petr; Sloboda, M.; Sherman, T.; Mrázková, Kamila; Dovalil, V.; Havlík, Martin

2013-01-01

Roč. 74, č. 3 (2013), s. 227-236 ISSN 0037-7031 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP406/12/1829 Institutional support: RVO:68378092 Keywords : sociolinguistics * language and the city * super-diversity Subject RIV: AI - Linguistics Impact factor: 0.133, year: 2013

SirT1 knockdown potentiates radiation-induced bystander effect through promoting c-Myc activity and thus facilitating ROS accumulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie, Yuexia; Tu, Wenzhi; Zhang, Jianghong; He, Mingyuan; Ye, Shuang; Dong, Chen; Shao, Chunlin

2015-01-01

Highlights: • γ-Irradiation induced bystander effects between hepatoma cells and hepatocyte cells. • SirT1 played a protective role in regulating this bystander effect. • SirT1 contributed to the protective effects via elimination the accumulation of ROS. • The activity of c-Myc is critical for maintaining the protective role of SirT1. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has important implications for secondary cancer risk assessment during cancer radiotherapy, but the bystander signaling processes, especially under hypoxic condition, are still largely unclear. The present study found that micronuclei (MN) formation could be induced in the non-irradiated HL-7702 hepatocyte cells after being treated with the conditioned medium from irradiated hepatoma HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells under either normoxia or hypoxia. This bystander response was dramatically diminished or enhanced when the SirT1 gene of irradiated hepatoma cells was overexpressed or knocked down, respectively, especially under hypoxia. Meanwhile, SirT1 knockdown promoted transcriptional activity for c-Myc and facilitated ROS accumulation. But both of the increased bystander responses and ROS generation due to SirT1-knockdown were almost completely suppressed by c-Myc interference. Moreover, ROS scavenger effectively abolished the RIBE triggered by irradiated hepatoma cells even with SirT1 depletion. These findings provide new insights that SirT1 has a profound role in regulating RIBE where a c-Myc-dependent release of ROS may be involved

Radiation quality-dependence of bystander effect in unirradiated fibroblasts is associated with TGF-β1-Smad2 pathway and miR-21 in irradiated keratinocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Xiaoming; Tian, Wenqian; Wang, Longxiao; Wang, Jingdong; Zhang, Shuyu; Cao, Jianping; Yang, Hongying

2015-01-01

Traditional radiation biology states that radiation causes damage only in cells traversed by ionizing radiation. But radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), which refers to the biological responses in unirradiated cells when the neighboring cells are exposed to radiation, challenged this old dogma and has become a new paradigm of this field. By nature, RIBEs are the consequences of intercellular communication between irradiated and unirradiated cells. However, there are still some important questions remain unanswered such as whether RIBE is dependent on radiation quality, what are the determining factors if so, etc. Using a transwell co-culture system, we found that HaCaT keratinocytes irradiated with α-particles but not X-rays could induce bystander micronucleus formation in unirradiated WS1 fibroblasts after co-culture. More importantly, the activation of TGF-β1-Smad2 pathway and the consistent decrease of miR-21 level in α-irradiated HaCaT cells were essential to the micronucleus induction in bystander WS1 cells. On the other hand, X-irradiation did not induce bystander effect in unirradiated WS1 cells, accompanied by lack of Smad2 activation and consistent decrease of miR-21 in X-irradiated HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the radiation quality-dependence of bystander effect may be associated with the TGF-β1-Smad2 pathway and miR-21 in irradiated cells. PMID:26080011

Radiation-induced bystander effects enhanced by elevated sodium chloride through sensitizing cells to bystander factors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu Lingyan; Han Wei; Chen Shaopeng; Zhao Ye; Jiang Erkang; Bao Lingzhi; Pei Bei; Yang Gen; Zhao Guoping; Wang Jun; Xu An [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui (China); Wu Lijun [Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui (China)], E-mail: ljw@ipp.ac.cn

2008-09-26

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines. However, very little data is available on the genotoxic effects of RIBE combined with other factor(s). We reported previously that with a low dose of {alpha}-particle irradiation, the fraction of {gamma}-H2AX foci-positive cells in non-irradiated bystander cells was significantly increased under elevated NaCl culture conditions. In this study, we further investigated the functional role of NaCl in the enhancement of RIBE using a specially designed co-culture system and micronucleus (MN) test. It was shown that the MN frequency was not increased significantly by elevated NaCl (9.0 g/L) alone or by medium exposure. However, with 1.0 cGy {alpha}-particle irradiation, the induced MN frequency increased significantly in both irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions. Additional studies showed that elevated NaCl made the non-irradiated bystander cells more vulnerable to bystander factors. Furthermore, it was found that the induced MN frequency in cells both in irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions was weakened when the hypertonic medium was changed to normotonic medium for 2 h before irradiation. Such observations were quite similar to the co-effect of NaCl and hydrogen peroxide (H{sub 2}O{sub 2}), indicating that elevated NaCl might sensitize non-irradiated cells to bystander factors-induced oxidative stress.

SirT1 knockdown potentiates radiation-induced bystander effect through promoting c-Myc activity and thus facilitating ROS accumulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xie, Yuexia [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai (China); Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai (China); Tu, Wenzhi; Zhang, Jianghong; He, Mingyuan; Ye, Shuang; Dong, Chen [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai (China); Shao, Chunlin, E-mail: clshao@shmu.edu.cn [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai (China)

2015-02-15

Highlights: • γ-Irradiation induced bystander effects between hepatoma cells and hepatocyte cells. • SirT1 played a protective role in regulating this bystander effect. • SirT1 contributed to the protective effects via elimination the accumulation of ROS. • The activity of c-Myc is critical for maintaining the protective role of SirT1. - Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has important implications for secondary cancer risk assessment during cancer radiotherapy, but the bystander signaling processes, especially under hypoxic condition, are still largely unclear. The present study found that micronuclei (MN) formation could be induced in the non-irradiated HL-7702 hepatocyte cells after being treated with the conditioned medium from irradiated hepatoma HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells under either normoxia or hypoxia. This bystander response was dramatically diminished or enhanced when the SirT1 gene of irradiated hepatoma cells was overexpressed or knocked down, respectively, especially under hypoxia. Meanwhile, SirT1 knockdown promoted transcriptional activity for c-Myc and facilitated ROS accumulation. But both of the increased bystander responses and ROS generation due to SirT1-knockdown were almost completely suppressed by c-Myc interference. Moreover, ROS scavenger effectively abolished the RIBE triggered by irradiated hepatoma cells even with SirT1 depletion. These findings provide new insights that SirT1 has a profound role in regulating RIBE where a c-Myc-dependent release of ROS may be involved.

Pattern transfer on large samples using a sub-aperture reactive ion beam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miessler, Andre; Mill, Agnes; Gerlach, Juergen W.; Arnold, Thomas [Leibniz-Institut fuer Oberflaechenmodifizierung (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig (Germany)

2011-07-01

In comparison to sole Ar ion beam sputtering Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) reveals the main advantage of increasing the selectivity for different kind of materials due to chemical contributions during the material removal. Therefore RIBE is qualified to be an excellent candidate for pattern transfer applications. The goal of the present study is to apply a sub-aperture reactive ion beam for pattern transfer on large fused silica samples. Concerning this matter, the etching behavior in the ion beam periphery plays a decisive role. Using CF{sub 4} as reactive gas, XPS measurements of the modified surface exposes impurities like Ni, Fe and Cr, which belongs to chemically eroded material of the plasma pot as well as an accumulation of carbon (up to 40 atomic percent) in the beam periphery, respectively. The substitution of CF{sub 4} by NF{sub 3} as reactive gas reveals a lot of benefits: more stable ion beam conditions in combination with a reduction of the beam size down to a diameter of 5 mm and a reduced amount of the Ni, Fe and Cr contaminations. However, a layer formation of silicon nitride handicaps the chemical contribution of the etching process. These negative side effects influence the transfer of trench structures on quartz by changing the selectivity due to altered chemical reaction of the modified resist layer. Concerning this we investigate the pattern transfer on large fused silica plates using NF{sub 3}-sub-aperture RIBE.

ANGINA PECTORIS AND NORMAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY*

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A 14th patient, a woman aged 28, had angina pectoris with an abnormal cardiogram ... coronary arteries, and there was no cardiac muscle or valve pathology. ... depression of abnormal shape, werebdes~ribed as pn;'bably positive. Selective ...

В Таллинне открылась новая синагога / Ксения Репсон

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Репсон, Ксения

2007-01-01

Tallinnas Karu tänaval avati 16. mail 2007 uus juudi sünagoog, avamistseremoonial viibisid Iisraeli asepeaminister Shimon Peres, Eesti president Toomas Hendrik Ilves, peaminister Andrus Ansip, Venemaa pearabi Berl Lazar, Iisraeli pearabi Yona Metzger ja sünagoogi suurrahastaja Aleksander Bronštein. President Toomas Hendrik Ilves viitas oma kõnes paralleelidele eestlaste ja juutide ajaloos

The new synagogue has given the Jewish community something to sing and dance about / Rein Sikk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sikk, Rein, 1961-

2007-01-01

Tallinnas Karu tänaval avati 16. mail 2007 uus juudi sünagoog, avamistseremoonial viibisid Iisraeli asepeaminister Shimon Peres, Eesti president Toomas Hendrik Ilves, peaminister Andrus Ansip, Venemaa pearabi Berl Lazar, Iisraeli pearabi Yona Metzger ja sünagoogi suurrahastaja Aleksander Bronštein. President Toomas Hendrik Ilves viitas oma kõnes paralleelidele eestlaste ja juutide ajaloos

BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF PUNY FRUITS RELATED TO THEIR ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. BALOGHOVÁ

2007-05-01

Full Text Available All analysed species of puny fruits (red currant (Ribes rubrum L variant Jonkheervan Tets, white currant (Ribes vulgare L. variant Blanka, black currant (Ribesnigrum L. variant Eva, blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilis variant Berkeley, elderberry(Sambucus nigra L. variant Sambo, hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha, mulberry(Morus nigra L. genotypes M152 and M047 are natural sources of anthocyanpigments and vitamin C with a high antiradical activity. Due to the fact that thehighest antiradical activity is not accompanied by the highest content of anthocyansand vitamin C in puny fruits, we suppose that the antiradical activity of plantmaterials is also connected with the presence of other compounds with antioxidantand antiradical activity. From our results follows that all studied puny fruits with ahigh antiradical activity increase the antioxidant value of human nutrition and alsoits prophylactic and medicinal effect.

A Simulation Study of the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect: Modeling with Stochastically Defined Signal Reemission

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kohei Sasaki

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE has been experimentally observed for different types of radiation, cell types, and cell culture conditions. However, the behavior of signal transmission between unirradiated and irradiated cells is not well known. In this study, we have developed a new model for RIBE based on the diffusion of soluble factors in cell cultures using a Monte Carlo technique. The model involves the signal emission probability from bystander cells following Poisson statistics. Simulations with this model show that the spatial configuration of the bystander cells agrees well with that of corresponding experiments, where the optimal emission probability is estimated through a large number of simulation runs. It was suggested that the most likely probability falls within 0.63–0.92 for mean number of the emission signals ranging from 1.0 to 2.5.

Final report on Grant DE-FG03-01ER63234

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

John H. Miller

2006-11-16

Current data suggests that radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) are associated with release of active polypeptide factors into the extra-cellular medium. Proteolytic processing of membrane-anchored cytokines (shedding) is a generic cellular response to environmental stress; hence, it is likely that RIBE are part of a general mechanism by which cells alert their neighbors to potential harm by exchange of autocrine and paracrine factors. In radiation biology, we lack a general understanding of the relative importance of shed factors in the overall response of tissues to energy absorbed from a radiation field. This project helped fill that knowledge gap by investigating (1) the production of soluble factors by cells traversed by ionizing particles, (2) transport of soluble factors through the extra-cellular medium, and (3) signaling processes initiate by capture of soluble factors on cell-surface receptors.

Editorial: Approaching the limits | Moutou | Madagascar ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

“A committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours.” — Milton Berle. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v11i2.7 · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians ...

Effects of Stress and Social Enrichment on Alcohol Intake, Biological and Psychological Stress Responses in Rats

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-28

used were not sophisticated enough to elucidate the pattern. Using a more advanced statistical approach (e.g., Canonical discriminitive analysis...corticotrophin-releasing factor in stress-induced relapse to alcohol- seeking behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 150:317-324. Lex BW (1991) Some gender ...Prunell M, Dimitsantos V, Nadal R, Escorihuela RM (2006) Environmental enrichment effects in social investigation in rats are gender dependent

Mapping and quantifying geodiversity in land-water transition zones using MBES and topobathymetric LiDAR

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ernstsen, Verner Brandbyge; Andersen, Mikkel Skovgaard; Gergely, Aron

due to the challenging environmental conditions. Combining vessel borne shallow water multibeam echosounder (MBES) surveys ,to cover the subtidal coastal areas and the river channel areas, with airborne topobathymetric light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys, to cover the intertidal and supratidal...... coastal areas and the river floodplain areas, potentially enables full-coverage and high-resolution mapping in these challenging environments. We have carried out MBES and topobathymetric LiDAR surveys in the Knudedyb tidal inlet system, a coastal environment in the Danish Wadden Sea which is part...... of the Wadden Sea National Park and UNESCO World Heritage, and in the Ribe Vesterå, a fluvial environment in the Ribe Å river catchment discharging into the Knudedyb tidal basin. Detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) with a grid cell size of 0.5 m x 0.5 m were generated from the MBES and the LiDAR point...

The role of TGF-β1–miR-21–ROS pathway in bystander responses induced by irradiated non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Y; Chen, X; Tian, W; Yin, X; Wang, J; Yang, H

2014-01-01

Background: Many studies have indicated an important implication of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs) in cancer radiotherapy, but the detailed signalling remains unclear. Methods: The roles of tumour growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and miR-21 in medium-mediated RIBEs in H1299 non-small-cell lung cancer cells were investigated using DNA damage, changes in proliferation and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as end points. SB431542, a specific inhibitor of TGF-β type 1 receptor kinases, was used to inhibit TGF-β1 pathways in irradiated and bystander cells. Exogenous miR-21 regulation was achieved through inhibitor or mimic transfection. Results: Compared with relative sham-radiation-conditioned medium, radiation-conditioned medium (RCM) from irradiated cells 1 h post radiation (1-h RCM) caused an increase in ROS levels and DNA damage in bystander cells, while 18-h RCM induced cell cycle delay and proliferation inhibition. All these effects were eliminated by TGF-βR1 inhibition. One-hour RCM upregulated miR-21 expression in bystander cells, and miR-21 inhibitor abolished bystander oxidative stress and DNA damage. Eighteen-hour RCM downregulated miR-21 of bystander cells, and miR-21 mimic eliminated bystander proliferation inhibition. Furthermore, the dysregulation of miR-21 was attenuated by TGF-βR1 inhibition. Conclusions: The TGF-β1–miR-21–ROS pathway of bystander cells has an important mediating role in RIBEs in H1299 cells. PMID:24992582

Phylogenetic relationships in the "grossulariae" species group of the genus Aphis (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae): Molecular evidence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Turcinaviciene, Jorga; Rakauskas, Rimantas; Pedersen, Bo Vest

2006-01-01

Phylogenetic relationships among Palaearctic Ribes and/or Onagraceae inhabiting Aphis species from five countries were examined using mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (CO-I) and nuclear gene elongation factor 1 a (EF-1a) sequences. There was no major conflict between the trees obtained fro...

Phytotherapy for children's nocturnal enuresis | Ahmadipour ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Results have shown that Zingiber officinale, Valeriana officinalis, Alcea rosea, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum verum, Ribes uva-crispa, Cornus mas, Juglans regia, Vitis vinifera, Sinapis spp., Olea europaea, and Prunus cerasus are a number of important plants that are effective on nocturnal enuresis in traditional ...

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Response to Stress in a Previously Validated Animal Model of PTSD

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

Kaplan & Kotler , 1999; Cohen & Zohar, 2004; Cohen, Zohar and Matar, 2003; Cohen et al., 2005; Cohen et al. 2004), the proportion of...behavior in rats following chronic treatment with imipramine. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 110(1-2), 245-253. Cohen, H., Friedberg, S., Michael, M., Kotler ...Kaplan, Z., & Kotler , M. (1999). CCK-antagonists in a rat exposed to acute stress: implication for anxiety associated with post-traumatic stress disorder

Targeted modulation of alternative splicing by TALE-directed chromatin editing

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bieberstein, Nicole; Staněk, David

2015-01-01

Roč. 282, SI (2015), s. 210-210 ISSN 1742-464X. [40th Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) - The Biochemical Basis of Life. 04.07.2015-09.07.2015, Berlín] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP305/12/G034 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : histone methylation * pre-mRNA splicing * TALEN Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology

Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: A first report

Science.gov (United States)

Geral I. McDonald; Bryce A. Richardson; Paul J. Zambino; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2006-01-01

White pine blister rust disease, caused by the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola, has severely disrupted five-needled pine ecosystems in North America. A 100-year effort to manage this disease was predicated in part on the premise that the pathogen utilizes only species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) as...

Gas chromatography analysis of blackcurrant oil in relation to its stability

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Stránský, Karel; Zarevúcka, Marie; Wimmer, Zdeněk

2005-01-01

Roč. 92, - (2005), 569-573 ISSN 0308-8146 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P04OCD13.10 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4055905 Keywords : blackcurrant oil * Ribes nigrum * triacylglycerol Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 1.811, year: 2005

Next Generation Sequencing of Elite Berry Germplasm and Data Analysis Using a Bioinformatics Pipeline for Virus Detection and Discovery

Science.gov (United States)

Berry crops (members of the genera Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, Sambucus and Vaccinium) are known hosts for more than 70 viruses and new ones are identified continually. In modern berry cultivars, viruses tend to be be asymptomatic in single infections and symptoms only develop after plants accumulate m...

Next-Generation Sequencing of Elite Berry Germplasm and Data Analysis Using a Bioinformatics Pipeline for Virus Detection and Discovery

Science.gov (United States)

Berry crops (members of the genera Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, Sambucus and Vaccinium) are known hosts for more than 70 viruses and new ones are identified frequently. In modern berry cultivars, viruses tend to be asymptomatic in single infections and symptoms only develop after plants accumulate multip...

AFM review study on pox viruses and living cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohnesorge, F M; Hörber, J K; Häberle, W; Czerny, C P; Smith, D P; Binnig, G

1997-10-01

Single living cells were studied in growth medium by atomic force microscopy at a high--down to one image frame per second--imaging rate over time periods of many hours, stably producing hundreds of consecutive scans with a lateral resolution of approximately 30-40 nm. The cell was held by a micropipette mounted onto the scanner-piezo as shown in Häberle, W., J. K. H. Hörber, and G. Binnig. 1991. Force microscopy on living cells. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B9:1210-0000. To initiate specific processes on the cell surface the cells had been infected with pox viruses as reported earlier and, most likely, the liberation of a progeny virion by the still-living cell was observed, hence confirming and supporting earlier results (Häberle, W., J. K. H. Hörber, F. Ohnesorge, D. P. E. Smith, and G. Binnig. 1992. In situ investigations of single living cells infected by viruses. Ultramicroscopy. 42-44:1161-0000; Hörber, J. K. H., W. Häberle, F. Ohnesorge, G. Binnig, H. G. Liebich, C. P. Czerny, H. Mahnel, and A. Mayr. 1992. Investigation of living cells in the nanometer regime with the atomic force microscope. Scanning Microscopy. 6:919-930). Furthermore, the pox viruses used were characterized separately by AFM in an aqueous environment down to the molecular level. Quasi-ordered structural details were resolved on a scale of a few nm where, however, image distortions and artifacts due to multiple tip effects are probably involved--just as in very high resolution (small dark spots in the light microscope, that we believed to be the regions in the cell plasma where viruses are assembled; this is known from the literature on electron microscopy on pox-infected cells and referred to there as "virus factories" (e.g., Moss, B. 1986. Replication of pox viruses. In Fundamental Virology, B. N. Fields and D. M. Knape, editors. Raven Press, New York. 637-655). Therefore, we assume that the cells stay alive during imaging, in our experience for approximately 30-45 h p.i.).

LEGO, Legoland og Billund Lalandia nr. 2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leth Pasgaard, Jens Chr.

2007-01-01

kant af Ribe Amt. Ud over LEGO koncernens produktionsudflytning påvirkes Ny Billund Kommune endvidere af lukningen af Danish Crowns slagteri i Grindsted, hvor 700 arbejdspladser for nyligt blev nedlagt. Det er således forståeligt at kommunen byder nye investorer velkommen. Kommunen har potentialet til...

Los mundiales, ¿el milagro de Berlín?

OpenAIRE

Siemens, Christof

2006-01-01

Con el llamado «milagro de Berna», en 1954, la selección de fútbol alemana se colocó a la cabeza de las selecciones europeas y fue la constatación de su increíble recuperación, no sólo deportiva. En 1974 volvió a ganar la Campeonato del Mundo. Han pasado más de 30 años y los alemanes no han vuelto a ganar. No han sido lo suficientemente competitivos y la afición, con excepción de la del Bayern de Munich, ha ido perdiendo entusiasmo. En este artículo se hace un resumen de ...

Orphan drugs in development for urea cycle disorders: current perspectives

OpenAIRE

Häberle, Johannes; McCandless,Shawn

2014-01-01

Johannes Häberle,1 Shawn E McCandless2 1Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Abstract: The urea cycle disorders are caused by deficiency of one of the six hepatic enzymes or two transporters involved in detoxification of am...

MR tracking of stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic nanoparticles in ischemic brain

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jendelová, Pavla; Růžičková, Kateřina; Urdzíková, Lucia; Kroupová, Jana; Herynek, V.; Dvořák, Petr; Hájek, M.; Syková, Eva

č. 2 (2003), s. 35 ISSN 0894-1491. [European Meeting on Glia l Cell Function in Health and Disease /6./. Berlín, 03.09.2003-06.09.2003] R&D Projects: GA MŠk LN00A065; GA ČR GA304/03/1189 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5039906; CEZ:MSM 111300004 Keywords : Stem cells * Nanoparticles Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 4.677, year: 2003

Biochemical studies on the effect of curcumin and embelin during N ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-09-15

Sep 15, 2009 ... tics is the isolation and evaluation of chemicals of natural origin. The importance of natural products for drug discovery has been impressive. Embelin (2, 5 dihydroxy 3-undecyl 1, 4, benzoquinone) is a benzoquinone derivative from Embelia ribes Burm. (Family: Myrsinaceae). Embelin is reported to be an.

Control of Dieback, Caused by Eutypa lata, in Red Currant (Ribes rubrum) and Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) in the Netherlands

OpenAIRE

Wenneker, M.; Steeg, van der, P.A.H.; Vink, P.; Brouwershaven, van, I.R.; Raak, van, M.

2012-01-01

Over decades, growers in the Netherlands have problems with a disease that causes dying branches and stem cankers in red currant. For many years it was assumed that this disease was related to fungi such as Nectria cinnabarina, Phomopsis spp. and the insect Synanthedon tipuliformis. However, recently it was found by Applied Plant Research and the Plant Protection Service that the causal organism is the fungus Eutypa lata. The disease is considered of major economic importance, especially as r...

Control of Dieback, Caused by Eutypa lata, in Red Currant (Ribes rubrum) and Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) in the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wenneker, M.; Steeg, van der P.A.H.; Vink, P.; Brouwershaven, van I.R.; Raak, van M.

2012-01-01

Over decades, growers in the Netherlands have problems with a disease that causes dying branches and stem cankers in red currant. For many years it was assumed that this disease was related to fungi such as Nectria cinnabarina, Phomopsis spp. and the insect Synanthedon tipuliformis. However,

Reseñas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Comité Editorial

1985-12-01

Full Text Available Woodward, W.R. & Ash, M.G., eds. (1982, The problematic science: Psychology in nineteenth-century thought, Nueva York: Praeger (Praeger Special Studies, XX+ 390 pgs.Mecacci. L. ( 19H5 . Hadiografía del cerebro. Barcelona: Ariel. trad. del italiano. 174 pgs.Ash, M. G. • & Geuter, U.; eds. (1985, Geschichte der deutschen Psychologie im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Uberblick (Historia de la psicología alemana en el siglo veinte. Una panorámica. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 386 pgs.Graumann, C.F., ed. (1985, Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus (La psicología durante el nacionalsocialismo . Berlín - Heidelberg - New York - Tokio: Springer- Verlag, 318 pgs.Thomas, H. & Maddox. G. L. eds. (1982 , .New perspectives on old age. A message to decision makers. New York: Springer Publishing Company. XII 146pgs.Sahakian. W.S. (19K2. Historia v sistemas de la psicología. Madrid: Tecnos. trad. del inglés . 664 pgs.Sprung. L. y Sprung. Helga (1984. Grundlagen der  Methodologie und Methodik  der Psychologie. Eine Einführung in die Forschungs- und Diagnose methodik für empirisch arbeitende Humanwissenschaftler. Berlín  ( RDA: VEB Dcutscher Verlag der Wissenseschaften,  452 pgs.

Udgravningerne i Sct. Nicolaj Gade

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alrø Jensen, Michael

2013-01-01

Ved renoveringen af Sct. Nicolaj Gade i 2010 og 2011 blev et af de hidtil største sammenhængende arealer (190m²) af Ribes markedsplads afdækket umiddelbart under eksisterende gadeniveau. Ved den efterfølgende undersøgelse kunne den allerede kendte parcelstruktur iagttages, og der blev udtaget...

Rehabilitering og 'motion på recept'

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Niels Sandholm; Larsen, Kristian

2008-01-01

af disse forskningsarbejder er etablering af fænomenet 'motion på recept'. Konceptet om 'motion på recept' stammer oprindelig fra Sverige, hvor praktiserende læger i en periode har haft mulighed for at henvise visse typer af patienter til fysisk træning hos praktiserende fysioterapeuter. Ribe Amt...... 2007)....

Equity Linked Compensation as a Risk Management Tool in the Good Governance of U.S. Investment Banks

OpenAIRE

Nikolas Venema

2013-01-01

Due to the separation between ownership and management and, in the absence of at least a single major shareholder, executives of publicly traded companies have almost complete power and discretion in management to pursue projects that benefit themselves personally but which may not optimize shareholder interest (Berle and Means, 1932). The focus of this paper is on the structure of chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer (CFO) compensation packages of publicly traded fina...

Astrocyte morphology after cortical stab wound revealed by single-cell confocal 3D morphometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chvátal, Alexandr; Anděrová, Miroslava; Petřík, David; Syková, Eva

č. 2 (2003), s. 63 ISSN 0894-1491. [European Meeting on Glia l Cell Function in Health and Disease /6./. Berlín, 03.09.2003-06.09.2003] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA305/02/1528; GA MŠk LN00A065 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5039906; CEZ:MSM 111300004 Keywords : cortical stab wound * morphometry Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 4.677, year: 2003

Radiation Bystander Effects Mechanism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shokohzaman Soleymanifard

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Radiation Induced Bystander Effect (RIBE which cause radiation effects in non-irradiated cells, has challenged the principle according to which radiation traversal through the nucleus of a cell is necessary for producing biological responses. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon? To have a better understanding of this rather ambiguous concept substantial number of original and reviewed article were carefully examined. Results: Irradiated cells release molecules which can propagate in cell environment and/or transmit through gap junction intercellular communication. These molecules can reach to non-irradiated cells and transmit bystander signals. In many investigations, it has been confirmed that these molecules are growth factors, cytokines, nitric oxide and free radicals like reactive oxygen species (ROS. Transmission of by stander signal to neighboring cells persuades them to produce secondary growth factors which in their turn cause further cell injuries. Some investigators suggest, organelles other than nucleus (mitochondria and cell membrane are the origin of these signals.  There is another opinion which suggests double strand breaks (DSB are not directly generated in bystander cells, rather they are due to smaller damage like single strand breaks which accumulate and end up to DSB. Although bystander mechanisms have not been exactly known, it can be confirmed that multiple mechanisms and various pathways are responsible for this effect. Cell type, radiation type, experimental conditions and end points identify the dominant mechanism. Conclusion: Molecules and pathways which are responsible for RIBE, also cause systemic responses to other non-irradiation stresses. So RIBE is a kind of systemic stress or innate immune responses, which are performed by cell microenvironment. Irradiated cells and their signals are components of microenvironment for creating bystander effects.

Elemental depth profiles and plasma etching rates of positive-tone electron beam resists after sequential infiltration synthesis of alumina

Science.gov (United States)

Ozaki, Yuki; Ito, Shunya; Hiroshiba, Nobuya; Nakamura, Takahiro; Nakagawa, Masaru

2018-06-01

By scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM–EDS), we investigated the elemental depth profiles of organic electron beam resist films after the sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of inorganic alumina. Although a 40-nm-thick poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film was entirely hybridized with alumina, an uneven distribution was observed near the interface between the substrate and the resist as well as near the resist surface. The uneven distribution was observed around the center of a 100-nm-thick PMMA film. The thicknesses of the PMMA and CSAR62 resist films decreased almost linearly as functions of plasma etching period. The comparison of etching rate among oxygen reactive ion etching, C3F8 reactive ion beam etching (RIBE), and Ar ion beam milling suggested that the SIS treatment enhanced the etching resistance of the electron beam resists to chemical reactions rather than to ion collisions. We proposed oxygen- and Ar-assisted C3F8 RIBE for the fabrication of silica imprint molds by electron beam lithography.

Strong partial resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine

Science.gov (United States)

Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr.; Deems Burton; Dean A. Davis; Robert D. Westfall; Joan Dunlap; Detlev Vogler

2012-01-01

Quantitative resistance to white pine blister rust in 128 controlled- and open-pollinated sugar pine families was evaluated in a “disease garden”, where alternate host Ribes bushes were interplanted among test progenies. Overall infection was severe (88%), but with great variation among and within families: a 30-fold range in numbers of infections...

Støbeforme af sten fra middelalderen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Søvsø, Mette Højmark; Neiß, Michael; Jensen, Anne Juul

2015-01-01

religiøse souvenirs i Europa. Der findes mange bevarede genstande, også i Danmark, men sporene efter selve produktionen er sjældne. Genstandene blev typisk støbt i stenforme, som kendes fra spredte fund i Danmark. I Ribe er efterhånden fundet syv fragmenter af sådanne forme, som viser, at der har fundet...

Environmental Impact Analysis Process. Final Environmental Impact Statement. Supersonic Flight Operations in the Reserve Military Operations Area, Holloman, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

Juniper, one-seed Juniperus monosperma Juniper, rocky mountain Juniperus scopulorum Oak, Gambel Querqus gambeli Oak, gray Quercus grisea Oak, silverleaf... Quercus hypoleucoides Pine, Chihuahua (localized) Pinus leiophylla Pine, pinyon Pinus edulis Pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa Pine, southwestern white...stansburiana Currant, Golden Ribes aureum Grape, Canyon Vitis Arizonica Groundsel, Ragwort Senecio multicapitatus Morning Glory, Red Starflower Ipomea

White pine blister rust in the interior Mountain West

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly Burns; Jim Blodgett; Dave Conklin; Brian Geils; Jim Hoffman; Marcus Jackson; William Jacobi; Holly Kearns; Anna Schoettle

2010-01-01

White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease of white, stone, and foxtail pines (also referred to as white pines or five-needle pines) in the genus Pinus and subgenus Strobus (Price and others 1998). Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes WPBR, requires an alternate host - currants and gooseberries in the genus Ribes and species of Pedicularis...

Notícias

OpenAIRE

Notícias, Transfer

2017-01-01

  NOTICIAS / NEWS  (“Transfer”, 2016) 1) CONGRESOS / CONFERENCES:   1. Languages & the Media – Agile Mediascapes: Personalising the Future, Hotel Radisson Blu, Berlín, 2-4 Nov. 2016 www.languages-media.com 2. Third Chinese Drama Translation Colloquium Newcastle University, UK, 28-19 Junio 2016. www.ncl.ac.uk/sml/about/events/item/drama-translation-colloquium   3. 16th Annual Portsmouth Translation Conference – Translation & Interpreting: Learning beyond the Comfort Zone, University of ...

Lactation-induced changes of extracellular space volume and geometry in rat supraoptic nucleus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vargová, Lýdia; Oliet, S. H.; Syková, Eva

č. 2 (2003), s. 72 ISSN 0894-1491. [European Meeting on Glia l Cell Function in Health and Disease /6./. Berlín, 03.09.2003-06.09.2003] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KSK5011112; GA MŠk LN00A065 Grant - others:French Ministry of Research(FR) ACI Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5039906; CEZ:MSM 111300004 Keywords : supraoptic nucleus Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 4.677, year: 2003

Symmetry-Free, p-Robust Equilibrated Error Indication for the hp-Version of the FEMin Nearly Incompressible Linear Elasticity

OpenAIRE

Dörsek, Philipp; Melenk, Jens M.

2017-01-01

We consider the extension of the p-robust equilibrated error estimator due to Braess, Pillwein and Schöberl to linear elasticity. We derive a formulation where the local mixed auxiliary problems do not require symmetry of the stresses. The resulting error estimator is p-robust, and the reliability estimate is also robust in the incompressible limit if quadratics are included in the approximation space. Extensions to other systems of linear second-order partial differential equations are discu...

White pine blister rust in northern ldaho and western Montana: alternatives for integrated management

Science.gov (United States)

Susan K. Hagle; Geral I. McDonald; Eugene A. Norby

1989-01-01

This report comprises a handbook for managing western white pine in northern ldaho and western Montana, under the threat of white pine blister rust. Various sections cover the history of the disease and efforts to combat it, the ecology of the white pine and Ribes, alternate host of the rust, and techniques for evaluating the rust hazard and attenuating it. The authors...

Mechanism of protection of bystander cells by exogenous carbon monoxide: Impaired response to damage signal of radiation-induced bystander effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, W.; Yu, K.N.; Wu, L.J.; Wu, Y.C.; Wang, H.Z.

2011-01-01

A protective effect of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO), generated by CO releasing molecule ticarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), on the bystander cells from the toxicity of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) was revealed in our previous study. In the present work, a possible mechanism of this CO effect was investigated. The results from medium transfer experiments showed that α-particle irradiated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells would release nitric oxide (NO), which was detected with specific NO fluorescence probe, to induce p53 binding protein 1 (BP1) formation in the cell population receiving the medium, and the release peak was found to be at 1 h post irradiation. Treating the irradiated or bystander cells separately with CO (CORM-2) demonstrated that CO was effective in the bystander cells but not the irradiated cells. Measurements of NO production and release with a specific NO fluorescence probe also showed that CO treatment did not affect the production and release of NO by irradiated cells. Protection of CO on cells to peroxynitrite, an oxidizing free radical from NO, suggested that CO might protect bystander cells via impaired response of bystander cells to NO, a RIBE signal in our research system.

Large scale screening of commonly used Iranian traditional medicinal plants against urease activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nabati Farzaneh

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background and purpose of the study H. pylori infection is an important etiologic impetus usually leading to gastric disease and urease enzyme is the most crucial role is to protect the bacteria in the acidic environment of the stomach. Then urease inhibitors would increase sensitivity of the bacteria in acidic medium. Methods 137 Iranian traditional medicinal plants were examined against Jack bean urease activity by Berthelot reaction. Each herb was extracted using 50% aqueous methanol. The more effective extracts were further tested and their IC50 values were determined. Results 37 plants out of the 137 crude extracts revealed strong urease inhibitory activity (more than 70% inhibition against urease activity at 10 mg/ml concentration. Nine of the whole studied plants crude extracts were found as the most effective with IC50 values less than 500 μg/ml including; Rheum ribes, Sambucus ebulus, Pistachia lentiscus, Myrtus communis, Areca catechu, Citrus aurantifolia, Myristica fragrans, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Nicotiana tabacum. Conclusions The most potent urease inhibitory was observed for Sambucus ebulus and Rheum ribes extracts with IC50 values of 57 and 92 μg/ml, respectively.

Large Scale Screening of Commonly Used Iranian Traditional Medicinal Plants against Urease Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farzaneh Nabati

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Background and purpose of the study:H. pylori infection is an important etiologic impetus usually leading to gastric disease andurease enzyme is the most crucial role is to protect the bacteria in the acidic environment of the stomach. Then urease inhibitors would increase sensitivity of the bacteria in acidic medium.Methods:137 Iranian traditional medicinal plants were examined against Jack bean urease activity by Berthelot reaction. Each herb was extracted using 50% aqueous methanol. The more effectiveextracts were further tested and their IC50 values were determined.Results:37 plants out of the 137 crude extracts revealed strong urease inhibitory activity (more than 70% inhibition against urease activity at 10 mg/ml concentration. Nine of the whole studiedplants crude extracts were found as the most effective with IC50 values less than 500 μg/ml including; Rheum ribes, Sambucus ebulus, Pistachia lentiscus, Myrtus communis, Areca catechu, Citrus aurantifolia, Myristica fragrans, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Nicotianatabacum.Conclusions:The most potent urease inhibitory was observed for Sambucus ebulus and Rheum ribes extracts with IC50 values of 57 and 92 μg/ml, respectively.

Mechanism of protection of bystander cells by exogenous carbon monoxide: Impaired response to damage signal of radiation-induced bystander effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, W. [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Yu, K.N., E-mail: peter.yu@cityu.edu.hk [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Wu, L.J. [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Wu, Y.C. [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029 (China); Wang, H.Z. [Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China)

2011-05-10

A protective effect of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO), generated by CO releasing molecule ticarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), on the bystander cells from the toxicity of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) was revealed in our previous study. In the present work, a possible mechanism of this CO effect was investigated. The results from medium transfer experiments showed that {alpha}-particle irradiated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells would release nitric oxide (NO), which was detected with specific NO fluorescence probe, to induce p53 binding protein 1 (BP1) formation in the cell population receiving the medium, and the release peak was found to be at 1 h post irradiation. Treating the irradiated or bystander cells separately with CO (CORM-2) demonstrated that CO was effective in the bystander cells but not the irradiated cells. Measurements of NO production and release with a specific NO fluorescence probe also showed that CO treatment did not affect the production and release of NO by irradiated cells. Protection of CO on cells to peroxynitrite, an oxidizing free radical from NO, suggested that CO might protect bystander cells via impaired response of bystander cells to NO, a RIBE signal in our research system.

Surface characterization after subaperture reactive ion beam etching

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miessler, Andre; Arnold, Thomas; Rauschenbach, Bernd [Leibniz-Institut fuer Oberflaechenmodifizierung (IOM), Leipzig (Germany)

2010-07-01

In usual ion beam etching processes using inert gas (Ar, Xe, Kr..) the material removal is determined by physical sputtering effects on the surface. The admixture of suitable gases (CF{sub 4}+O{sub 2}) into the glow discharge of the ion beam source leads to the generation of reactive particles, which are accelerated towards the substrate where they enhance the sputtering process by formation of volatile chemical reaction products. During the last two decades research in Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) has been done using a broad beam ion source which allows the treatment of smaller samples (diameter sample < diameter beam). Our goal was to apply a sub-aperture Kaufman-type ion source in combination with an applicative movement of the sample with respect to the source, which enables us to etch areas larger than the typical lateral dimensions of the ion beam. Concerning this matter, the etching behavior in the beam periphery plays a decisive role and has to be investigated. We use interferometry to characterize the final surface topography and XPS measurements to analyze the chemical composition of the samples after RIBE.

Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Oligocene - Miocene succession of Denmark

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Piasecki, Stefan

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a revised lithostratigraphic scheme for the uppermost Upper Oligocene – Miocene succession of Denmark. The marine Oligocene Brejning Clay Member is upgraded to formation status and includes the Sydklint Member and the Øksenrade Member (new. The shallow marine and deltaic deposits of mainly Early Miocene age are included in the Ribe Group (new while the fully marine Middle and Upper Miocene clay-rich deposits are referred to the Måde Group (new. The Ribe Group is subdivided into 6 formations: the Vejle Fjord Formation is revised and includes the Skansebakke Member,the Billund Formation (new includes the Addit and Hvidbjerg Members (new, the Klintinghoved Formation is redefined formally and includes the Koldingfjord Member (new, the Bastrup Formation(new includes the Resen Member (new, the Vandel Member is a new member in the Arnum Formation (revised, the Odderup Formation is redefined and includes the Stauning Member (new and the coalbearing Fasterholt Member. The Måde Group is subdivided into the Hodde, Ørnhøj (new, Gram and Marbæk (new Formations. Subdivision of the Upper Oligocene – Miocene succession into two groups, the Ribe and Måde Groups, is compatible with the North Sea lithostratigraphic framework where they correlate with the upper part of the Hordaland Group and the Nordland Group, respectively. The revised lithostratigraphic framework correlated in three dimensions provides rigorous constraints on the palaeogeographic interpretation of the Late Oligocene – Miocene period. Three major deltaic units (Billund, Bastrup and Odderup Formations prograded from the north and north-east into the North Sea Basin during the Early – early Middle Miocene. Delta progradation was punctuated by deposition of marine clay and silt associated with minor transgressive events (Vejle Fjord, Klintinghoved and Arnum Formations. During the Middle–Late Miocene, marine depositional conditions dominated (Hodde, Ørnhøj and

Rapid Translation of a Novel and Potent Vaccine in HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-01

Xia3, Neil Spector2,3, Larry S Barak4, Timothy M Clay5, Takuya Osada2, Erika Hamilton6, Kimberly Blackwell6, Amy C Hobeika2, Michael A Morse2,3, H Kim...Zhang L, Boehm MF, Fritz LC, Burrows FJ: A high-affinity conformation of Hsp90 confers tumour selectivity on Hsp90 inhibitors. Nature 2003, 425:407...410. 13. Zhang H, Burrows F: Targeting multiple signal transduction pathways through inhibition of Hsp90. J Mol Med (Berl) 2004, 82:488-499. 14. Basso

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: integration and action

Science.gov (United States)

R. S. Hunt; B. W. Geils; K. E. Hummer

2010-01-01

The preceding articles in this series review the history, biology and management of white pine blister rust in North America, Europe and eastern Asia. In this integration, we connect and discuss seven recurring themes important for understanding and managing epidemics of Cronartium ribicola in the white pines (five-needle pines in subgenus Strobus). Information and...

Organização empresarial em Alfred Marshall

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Jaques Kerstenetzky

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Encontra-se na obra de Marshall uma abordagem ao ambiente empresarial que difere de sua tradicionalmente considerada contribuição à economia. Embora Marshall seja o fundador da vertente do equilíbrio parcial da microeconomia, seu trabalho no tema da organização empresarial é muito mais rico do que esta contribuição específica. O artigo explora a análise de cunho histórico e institucional desenvolvida por Marshall no tema da firma, dos mercados e dos ambientes empresariais. Como resultado, sugere que Marshall pode ser apontado como precursor de abordagens contemporâneas ao tema, como a abordagem das capacitações organizacionais, e da grande corporação americana, de autores como Berle e Means e Chandler.We can find in Marshall’s works an approach to business environments that is different from his traditionally accepted contribution to mainstream economics. Though Marshall is indeed the founder of the partial equilibrium analysis branch of traditional microeconomics, his work on the theme of business is much richer than his specific contribution to microeconomics. The article explores Marshall's institutional and historical analysis of firms, markets and of business environments. As an outcome, it suggests that Marshall can be pointed out as a forerunner of modern approaches to the theme, like Berle and Means’s and Chandler’s works on corporations, and the capabilities approach to the theory of the firm.

Evaluación ecotoxicológica de sedimentos en una zona del Río Uruguay, con puntos finales indicadores de toxicidad aguda, sub-letal, crónica, reproductiva y teratogénica

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Diana Míguez Carames

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la toxicidad de los sedimentos de una zona del Río Uruguay, aplicando una batería de bioensayos. Las muestras provinieron de: una zona de influencia de descargas domésticas y efluentes de una planta de celulosa (Fray Bentos, una ciudad turística aguas abajo (Las Cañas y otra aguas arriba (Nuevo Berlín, sin influencia directa de dichos vertidos. Los bioensayos aplicados en elutriados fueron: de toxicidad con Photobacterium leiognathi, de reproducción con Ceriodaphnia dubia, de teratogenicidad y letalidad con Pimephales promelas y el ensayo sub-letal en sedimento completo con Hyalella curvispina. Para evaluar la biodisponibilidad y las rutas de toxicidad, se midió el fraccionamiento del 2,4,5-triclorofenol, con resultados: 63% disuelto, 27% adsorbido sobre partículas y el resto sedimentado.Se observó toxicidad por orgánicos y metales con P. leioghnati para todos los sitios. La frecuencia de malformaciones vertebralesde P. promelas fue de 3.3% en Fray Bentos, pero C. dubia sólo mostró efectos en Nuevo Berlín y Las Cañas. Los efectos con H. curvispina se evidenciaron en todas las muestras. Las rutas de toxicidad incluirían la ingestión de contaminantes disueltos y particulados asociados a arcillas y limo. El vínculo causa-efecto para la toxicidad se continuará investigando.

Catàleg dels Miridae (Heteroptera) del Massís del Garraf

OpenAIRE

Goula Goula, Marta

1989-01-01

Per a la redacció d'aquest catàleg, s'aporten dades d'observació pròpia al llarg dels anys 1980-1984, així com les troballes publicades per CUNI (1889a,1889b,1889c,1891) i per RIBES (1978a,1978b,1980,1984). Totes aquestes observacions s'han fet en localitats del Massis del Garraf, que será objecte d'una curta descripció.

Pertinencia de la investigación fundamental

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Bernardo Gómez Moreno

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Celebramos 100 años de la Mecánica Cuántica, 100 años de las trascendentales presentaciones de Max Planck del 19 de Octubre y del 14 de Diciembre de 1900 ante la Sociedad Alemana de Física en Berlín, cuando dió a conocer su teoría cuántica para la radiación de cuerpo negro. Se iniciaba una de las mayores revoluciones científicas, la revolución cuántica, que marcó profundamente al siglo XX.

Sine Fine: Dios, los Habsburgo y el traspaso de las insignias de poder en el Quinientos

OpenAIRE

Mínguez, Víctor

2014-01-01

Partiendo del estudio de una pintura flamenca de Ambrosius Francken, Allegorie auf die Kaiserkrönung Ferdinands II. am 9. September 1619 (Deutsches Historisches Museum de Berlín), se analiza en esta investigación la construcción iconográfica de la entrega divina de las insignias del poder a los emperadores o reyes de la Casa de Habsburgo, a través de diversos grabados y pinturas. Estas imágenes configuran un discurso visual y retórico que pretendía justificar públicamente la...

Absorption column working study for iodine formed in spent fuel reprocessing plant gaseous effluents: hydrodynamic and mass transfer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vignau, B.

1986-09-01

The hydrodynamic and matter transfer parameters has been studied on absorption columns destined to trap iodine issued of spent fuel reprocessing plants. These columns have different packing - Raschig rings (glass, ceramic, PVC, steel) - Berl saddles (ceramic) - Weaved metallic thread (steel). The effect of dimension and of packing structure on gas pressure drop and on liquid holdup has been evaluated. The partial transfer coefficients of I 2 -Air-NaOH system has been the object of an experimental study. This system can be simulated by CO 2 -Air-NaOH system [fr

Classification and fingerprinting of different berries based on biochemical profiling and antioxidant capacity

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Jasminka Milivojević

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical composition of six berry types belonging to Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium and Ribes genus. Fruit samples were collected in triplicate (50 fruit each from 18 different species or cultivars of the mentioned genera, during three years (2008 to 2010. Content of individual sugars, organic acids, flavonols, and phenolic acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC analysis, while total phenolics (TPC and total antioxidant capacity (TAC, by using spectrophotometry. Principal component analysis (PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA were performed to evaluate the differences in fruit biochemical profile. The highest contents of bioactive components were found in Ribes nigrum and in Fragaria vesca, Rubus plicatus, and Vaccinium myrtillus. PCA and CA were able to partially discriminate between berries on the basis of their biochemical composition. Individual and total sugars, myricetin, ellagic acid, TPC and TAC showed the highest impact on biochemical composition of the berry fruits. CA separated blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry as isolate groups, while classification of strawberry, black and red currant in a specific group has not occurred. There is a large variability both between and within the different types of berries. Metabolite fingerprinting of the evaluated berries showed unique biochemical profiles and specific combination of bioactive compound contents.

PMCV and PRV occurrence in wild and farmed fish in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mikkelsen, Susie Sommer; Arnö, J.; Bruun, Morten Sichlau

Every year salmon are restocked in the 7 rivers Storå, Skjern Å, Varde Å, Sneum Å, Kongeå, Ribe Å and Gudenåen. Six-month-old and 1-year-old salmon for about 2 mio. Kr (€268000) are restocked every year. The salmon are restocked in both the main rivers as well as the larger inlets. 6-month-old sa...... fish were tested by real-time RT-PCR for PRV and 30 fish from each river were tested by real-time RT-PCR for PMCV. This is the first time wild and farmed fish have been tested for either virus in Denmark.......-virus in the family of Reoviridae, while Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) is a double-stranded RNA virus of the Totiviridae family. Wild and farmed salmon and trout have not been tested for PRV or PMCV in Denmark before, but both viruses are found in Norway, where they are suspected of causing Heart and Skeletal...... Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) and Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (CMS), respectively. In 2013, broodstock from four different rivers in Denmark were received for surveillance. These rivers are Ribe, Varde, Skjern and Store Å, which are all west-facing rivers. Of these fish 8 were Sea Trout and the rest Salmon. 184...

Novel features of radiation-induced bystander signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated using root micro-grafting

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ting; Li, Fanghua; Xu, Wei; Bian, Po; Wu, Yuejin; Wu, Lijun

2012-01-01

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been well demonstrated in whole organisms, as well as in single-cell culture models in vitro and multi-cellular tissues models in vitro, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, including the temporal and spatial course of bystander signaling. The RIBE in vivo has been shown to exist in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Importantly, the unique plant grafting provides a delicate approach for studying the temporal and spatial course of bystander signaling in the context of whole plants. In our previous study, the time course of bystander signaling in plants has been well demonstrated using the root micro-grafting technique. In this study, we further investigated the temporal cooperation pattern of multiple bystander signals, the directionality of bystander signaling, and the effect of bystander tissues on the bystander signaling. The results showed that the bystander response could also be induced efficiently when the asynchronously generated bystander signals reached the bystander tissues in the same period, but not when they entered into the bystander tissues in an inversed sequence. The absence of bystander response in root-inversed grafting indicated that the bystander signaling along roots might be of directionality. The bystander signaling was shown to be independent of the bystander tissues. PMID:23072991

Preliminary Investigations of the Archaic in the Region of Las Cruces, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

sotol ( Dasylirion wheeleri ), saltbush, and grasses. The dominant animals in this zone are jackrabbit and pronghom antelope, with deer, birds, small...areas are grasses, whitethorn acacia, Agave spp., Mormon tea (Ephedra spp.), Yucca spp., sotol ( Dasylirion wheeleri ), Opuntia spp., and cacti. Table...X X X X Dasylirion wheeleri X X X X Acacia constricta X X X X X Amelancier utahensii (Utah serviceberry) X X X X X Agave spp. X X X Ribes mescalerium

Effects of Pinus flexilis on the dynamics and structure of plant communities on the northern Rocky Mountain front, and, Training biologists for emerging niches in non-traditional jobs

Science.gov (United States)

Baumeister, Dayna Marie

My research examines the relative importance of interacting mechanisms (amelioration of wind, provision of shade, accumulation of snow pack, and alteration of soil characteristics) governing facilitation between Pinus flexilis and two understory species, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Ribes cereum in Montana. Survival of understory species was greatest beneath P. flexilis at a leeward site (Pseudotsuga, 38% and Ribes, 63%), and lowest in the open at a windward site (2% and 6%, respectively). The effects of wind amelioration, shade provision, and snowdrift accumulation were separated experimentally and after two years, shade was of overwhelming importance for the survival of both species. Once shade was provided, effects of wind amelioration and increased snow pack increased survival, suggesting a hierarchical functioning of mechanisms. High winter mortality of Pseudotsuga suggests P. flexilis canopies may prevent photoinhibition and winter desiccation through reduction of light and insulation from variable temperatures. High summer mortality of Ribes suggests P. flexilis canopies may reduce transpiration through lowering leaf temperatures, thereby decreasing vapor pressure deficits. In this system, several mechanisms governing facilitation operated simultaneously, but in a hierarchical manner of relative importance thereby determining the overall effect of P. flexilis on understory plants. I also studied facilitation and secondary succession by examining understory species composition beneath individual P. flexilis and in P. flexilis stands. As P. flexilis trees and stands aged, understory species richness increased, as did cover of forbs and shrubs, but cover of grasses decreased. Stands currently dominated by P. flexilis are shifting towards dominance by Pseudotsuga primarily in mesic sites, with corresponding increases in litter and shrub cover and decreases in grasses and P. flexilis recruitment. Since the 1860's succession from grasslands to forest on the Front has

Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of Novel Derivatives of Embelin

Science.gov (United States)

Subramanian, L.; Leema, M.; Pradeep, N. S.; Joy, B.; Pillai, Z. S.

2018-02-01

Embelin, a naturally occurring compound extracted from Embelia ribes is used in Ayurvedic system of medicine owing to its wide spectrum of biological activities. In the present work, we have aimed at improving the efficacy of Embelin by appropriate structural modifications. A few novel derivatives of Embelin have been prepared. The antibacterial screening of these derivatives were carried out and compared with a well known antibiotic, Streptomycin. The derivatives exhibited better activity than Streptomycin and the lead molecule, Embelin.

“Presenciando un naufragio”: las figuraciones alemanas al afrontar el pasado para enfrentar el futuro

OpenAIRE

Michael Carrithers

2006-01-01

Tras la caída del Muro de Berlín, los alemanes del este elaboraron para sí mismos nuevas formas de orientación, sirviéndose de relatos construidos a diferentes escalas, desde los más personales hasta los públicos y oficiales. Los miembros de la oposición en la República Demócrata Alemana tuvieron un particular éxito en la construcción de una versión oficial autoritaria del pasado de la Alemania del este. A un cierto nivel, estas narrativas, que identificaban víctimas y repartían culpas, ocupa...

Los polacos en los nuevos flujos inmigratorios en España : una aceptación social diferente

OpenAIRE

Aguilera Arilla, María José; González Yanci, María Pilar

1996-01-01

La situación económica, que comienza tras la crisis de 1973, origina grandes cambios en los flujos migratorios internacionales (España reduce su volumen de emigrantes, comienzan a volver los que salieron; los países europeos cierran sus fronteras y favorecen asimismo los retornos). La caída del muro de Berlín en 1989 produce otras novedades (ios países del Este ven aumentar sus flujos de emigrantes, sobre todo hacia Alemania, aunque en menor proporción de la esperada). En estos años, 1979-199...

El Islam en el mundo árabe: respuesta a una globalización excluyente

OpenAIRE

Duro Montealegre, Rosa

2004-01-01

Desde hace varios siglos la memoria histórica y los clichés han impuesto la visión de un mundo occidental que ha propugnado un estado de ignorancia frente al Islam y a su naturaleza que es difícil cambiar, sobre todo cuando los procesos de ideologización y demonización de la realidad islámica se encuentran con este nuevo orden mundial, establecido tras la caída del muro de Berlín y la disolución del bloque comunista, lo cual, sin duda, configura un panorama geopolítico, destinado a representa...

La muerte de eduardo spranger

OpenAIRE

Jaramillo Uribe, Jaime

2011-01-01

En la ciudad de Tübingen, en cuya antigua universidad enseñaba desde1946, falleció, recientemente, el filosofo Eduardo Spranger. Nacido enBerlín en el año de 1882, hizo sus primeros estudios filosóficos en suciudad natal bajo la dirección de Guillermo Dilthey y Federico Paulsen.Muy joven, en 1912 fue nombrado profesor ordinario de filosofía en launiversidad de Leipzig, de donde paso de nuevo a la capital alemana para desempeñar la cátedra de pedagogía en la universidad Alejandro de Humboldt d...

A 3' UTR-derived non-coding RNA RibS increases expression of cfa and promotes biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Xin; Liu, Rui; Tang, Hao; Osei-Adjei, George; Xu, Shungao; Zhang, Ying; Huang, Xinxiang

2018-05-08

Bacterial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widely studied and found to play important roles in regulating various cellular processes. Recently, many ncRNAs have been discovered to be transcribed or processed from 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). Here we reported a novel 3' UTR-derived ncRNA, RibS, which could influence biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). RibS was confirmed to be a ∼700 nt processed product produced by RNase III-catalyzed cleavage from the 3' UTR of riboflavin synthase subunit alpha mRNA, RibE. Overexpression of RibS increased the expression of the cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene, cfa, which was located at the antisense strand. Biofilm formation of S. Typhi was enhanced by overexpressing RibS both in the wild type strain and cfa deletion mutant. Deletion of cfa attenuated biofilm formation of S. Typhi, while complementation of cfa partly restored the phenotype. Moreover, overexpressing cfa enhanced the biofilm formation of S. Typhi. In summary, RibS has been identified as a novel ncRNA derived from the 3' UTR of RibE that promotes biofilm formation of S. Typhi, and it appears to do so, at least in part, by increasing the expression of cfa. Copyright © 2018 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A multiherbal formulation influencing immune response in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Menghini, L; Leporini, L; Scanu, N; Pintore, G; Ferrante, C; Recinella, L; Orlando, G; Vacca, M; Brunetti, L

2012-02-01

Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phytocomplexes of Uncaria, Shiitake and Ribes in terms of viability and inflammatory response on immune cell-derived cultures. Standardized extracts of Uncaria, Shitake and Ribes and their commercial formulation were tested on cell lines PBMC, U937 and macrophage. The activity was evaluated in terms of cell viability (MTT test), variations of oxidative marker release (ROS and PGE2) and modulatory effects on immune response (gene expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα, RT-PCR). Cell viability was not affected by extracts, except subtle variations observed only at higher doses (>250 µg/mL). The extract mixture was well tolerated, with no effects on cell viability up to doses of 500 µg/mL. Pre-treatment of macrophages with subtoxic doses of the extracts reduced the basal release of oxidative markers and enhanced the cell response to exogenous oxidant stimulation, as revealed by ROS and PGE2 release reduction. The same treatment on macrophage resulted in a selective modulation of the immune response, as shown by an increase of IL-6 mRNA and, partially, IL-8 mRNA, while a reduction was observed for TNFα mRNA. Data confirm that extracts and their formulations can act as regulator of the immune system with mechanisms involving the oxidative stress and the release of selected proinflammatory cytokines.

Implementation of Statistical Methods and SWOT Analysis for Evaluation of Metal Waste Management in Engineering Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Záhorská Renáta

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of the waste management research in a selected engineering company RIBE Slovakia, k. s., Nitra factory. Within of its manufacturing programme, the mentioned factory uses wide range of the manufacturing technologies (cutting operations, metal cold-forming, thread rolling, metal surface finishing, automatic sorting, metrology, assembly, with the aim to produce the final products – connecting components (fasteners delivered to many industrial fields (agricultural machinery manufacturers, car industry, etc.. There were obtained data characterizing production technologies and the range of manufactured products. The key attention is paid to the classification of waste produced by engineering production and to waste management within the company. Within the research, there were obtained data characterizing the time course of production of various waste types and these data were evaluated by means of statistical method using STATGRAPHICS. Based on the application of SWOT analysis, there is objectively assessed the waste management in the company in terms of strengths and weaknesses, as well as determination of the opportunities and potential threats. Results obtained by the SWOT analysis application have allowed to come to conclusion that the company RIBE Slovakia, k. s., Nitra factory has well organized waste management system. The fact that the waste management system is incorporated into the company management system can be considered as an advantage.

Grossulariaceae endémicas del Perú

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Wilfredo Mendoza

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The Grossulariaceae are represented in Peru by three genera and nearly 35 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Weigend & Rodriguez, 2006 , all shrubs and trees. Here we recognize 11 endemic species in two genera. Ribes is the genus with the largest number of endemic species. Endemic Grossulariaceae species grow mainly in Humid and Dry Puna, and Very Humid Montane Forest regions, between 2500 and 4600 m elevation. Two endemic Grossulariaceae have been registered to date in the Peruvian protected areas system.

EL PROYECTO DE LA OLIMPIADA POPULAR DE BARCELONA (1936, ENTRE COMUNISMO INTERNACIONAL Y REPUBLICANISMO REGIONAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Gounot

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Los archivos del KOMINTERN en el Centro Ruso de Conservación y Estudio de los Documentos sobre la Historia Contemporánea (CRCRHC de Moscú, recientemente abiertos para el estudio científico, nos ofrecen fuentes documentales fundamentales para entender el desarrollo de la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR como una de las organizaciones auxiliares del citado KOMINTERN. Las referidas fuentes documentales han aportado nuevas informaciones y datos sobre la creación en España en 1931, con el establecimiento de la 2ª República, de la Federación Cultural y Deportiva Obrera (FCDO, organización que en 1934 se adhiere a la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR, siendo el embrión del nacimiento del Comité Catalán pro Deporte Popular que presentaría el proyecto de la Olimpiada Popular de Barcelona de 1936 como alternativa a la Olimpiada de Berlín de 1936 de Hitler. Por otra parte la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR creó a finales de 1935 el Comité Internacional para la defensa de la Idea Olímpica, cuyo objetivo era coordinar los movimientos de oposición a los Juegos de Berlín. También la propia Federación Cultural y Deportiva Obrera (FDCO fundó en 1936 el Comité Español de Defensa del Espíritu Olímpico con este mismo fin. La Olimpiada Popular de Barcelona de 1936 permitió entre otras cosas expresar la nueva alianza entre Comunismo y Olimpismo, construida con discursos contradictorios apoyándose en el universalismo, la paz y la igualdad de razas.

Un calco Cervantino: Dios es grande

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Mitja Skubic

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Algunos estudios recientes dedican amplio espacio al aporte arábigo en Cervantes, ocupándose de manera particular de los préstamos sin embargo, parecen descuidar lo relativo a los calcos semánticos. Resulta curiosa comprobar como el estudio fundamental sabre los medias estilísticos en El Quijote de Helmut Hatzfeld (Don Quijote als Wortlamstwerk, Berlín, 1927, no reserva a los calcos un papel adecuado. Tanto más preciosas son las observaciones de Rafael Lapesa sabre arabismos semánticos, tales como: infante, hidalgo, plata yotros (Historia de la lengua española, 7 edic., Madrid, 1968, pp.108y ss.

Riemann y los Números Primos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Sánchez Muñoz

2011-10-01

Full Text Available En el mes de noviembre de 1859, durante la presentación mensual de losinformes de la Academia de Berlín, el alemán Bernhard Riemann presentóun trabajo que cambiaría los designios futuros de la ciencia matemática. El tema central de su informe se centraba en los números primos, presentando el que hoy día, una vez demostrada la Conjetura de Poincaré, puede ser considerado el problema matemático abierto más importante. El presente artículo muestra en su tercera sección una traducción al castellano de dicho trabajo.

El alzamiento de Pascuas de 1916

OpenAIRE

Cruset, María Eugenia

2006-01-01

Hay algunos hechos en la historia que son particularmente gráficos. Si uno piensa en la caida del Muro de Berlín en 1989, en seguida le llega a la mente el fin de los 70 años del experimento socialista soviético. Del mismo modo, si recordamos la Revuelta de Pascua de 1916 podemos visualizar el fin de siglos de dominio inglés sobre Irlanda. Y, aunque estrictamente hablando, esto recién será el comienzo del fin, su carácter simbólico y su utilización como ícono nacionalista, nos permitirá hacer...

CALIDAD DE VIDA ¿UN DERECHO, UNA OPORTUNIDAD?

OpenAIRE

Rina De León Herrera

2002-01-01

Acontecimientos de la última década del siglo XX como, la caída del muro de Berlín, la finalización de la Guerra Fría, el Acuerdos de Marrakesh sobre la reducción de aranceles y la regulación del comercio mundial, los avances tecnológicos en las comunicaciones, han ocasionado cambios significativos en el mundo: la transformación de la economía, la interdependencia de la población, la interrelación entre la cultura, la economía y la tecnología, la mundialización de los problemas sociales. Esto...

Nuevas formas de llevar una ópera al teatro. Un caso de estudio. La flauta mágica de la compañía 1927 y de Kosky: animación 2d, nuevas tecnologías digitales y estilo vintage

OpenAIRE

Sansone, Vincenzo

2017-01-01

La ópera, un género que a menudo se asocia al pasado, está más viva que nunca. Gracias a la aportación de directores y experimentadores provenientes del teatro, la ópera se ha convertido en uno de los campos por excelencia para la experimentación contemporánea, sobre todo en relación con el uso de nuevas tecnologías. Una verdadera paradoja. Un ejemplo es la puesta en escena de La flauta mágica de Mozart de la Komische Oper de Berlín, concebida y realizada por la compañía británica 1927 y por ...

El fin de la transición y la tentación imperial

OpenAIRE

Toledo, Víctor Fabio

2008-01-01

p. 59-74 Desde la Paz de Westfalia (1648) hasta el presente, lo que se conoce como Sistema Internacional no ha permanecido inmutable, sino que existieron cambios «en» el mismo, o más aún, cambios «del» mismo. Ahora bien, los cambios de sistema no son ni automáticos ni continuos, sino que están precedidos por un cierto período de transición. La caída del Muro de Berlín marcó el fin del bipolarismo y el inicio de una transición que pareciera haber culminado tras los mega-atentados del 11 de...

Uus sünagoog pani juudid tantsima / Peeter Kuimet, Kaia Otti

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuimet, Peeter

2007-01-01

Tallinnas Karu tänaval avati 16. mail 2007 uus juudi sünagoog, avamistseremoonial viibisid Iisraeli asepeaminister Shimon Peres, Eesti president Toomas Hendrik Ilves, peaminister Andrus Ansip, Venemaa pearabi Berl Lazar, Iisraeli pearabi Yona Metzger ja sünagoogi suurrahastaja Aleksander Bronshtein. President Toomas Hendrik Ilves viitas oma kõnes paralleelidele eestlaste ja juutide ajaloos. Vt. samas: Juutide usk, kombed ja toit; Sünagoogi avamist kommenteerivad meediaõppejõud Hagi Shein, dirigent Eri Klas. Vt. samas: Peres: elevantide keskel on väikestel raske magada. Ilmunud ka: Postimees : na russkom jazõke 17. mai 2007, lk. 2; Narvskaja Gazeta, 19. mai 2007, lk. 6 (autor Ksenia Repson)

La batalla de las ideas: la disputa por la verdad : Los hechos y su interpretación. La producción de sentido común. La “posverdad”

OpenAIRE

Cháves, Guillermo Justo

2017-01-01

La batalla de las ideas políticas hoy asume carácter global. En realidad siempre fue así. Pero en nuestra Argentina se encontraba muchas veces disfrazada o enmascarada con los sellos de nuestros partidos políticos o nuestra idiosincrasia. También es cierto que hasta la caída del muro de Berlín en 1989 y el derrumbe total del socialismo real, un par de años después, existían dos visiones del mundo contrapuestas y las posturas se podían tomar en forma clara a favor de una u otra visión o, más a...

Hermann Ebbinghaus y su obra

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lothar Sprung

1986-12-01

Full Text Available El libro de Ebbinghaus, Uber das Gediichtnis: Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie, constituye la Partida de nacimiento de la psicofísica de los procesos psicológicos superiores. El presente es un artículo en homenaje al distinguido científico alemán, cuya contribución se hizo presente en la investigación de la memoria, de la inteligencia infantil, además de haber fundado laboratorios de psicología experimental en Berlín, Breslau y Halle. El importante zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane fue fundado por él en 1890.

Le Brahmane du Komintern

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Burgos

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Le Brahmane du Komintern, largometraje documental del realizador francés Vladimir León, constituye un ejercicio ejemplar de investigación histórica y  de lograda factura de realización. Y, pese a no haber contado con la ayuda de ninguno organismo público, se trata de un ambicioso proyecto que cubre una amplia extensión geográfica que abarca: Estados Unidos, México, Moscú, Berlín, y la India. Gira en torno a una figura que tuvo en su tiempo su hora de gloria. Un bengalí, hijo de braman, la c...

Archeological Investigations in Cochiti Reservoir, New Mexico. Volume 1. A Survey of Regional Variability.

Science.gov (United States)

1977-06-01

pear Opuntia spp. Cholla Upper Sonoran Deciduous Quercus gambeiii Gambels oak Cercocarpus sp. Mountain mahogany Upper Sonoran Deciduous Mixture of Upper...x P’unus melanocarpe x Quercus spp. x x x Rhui tilobata x x Ribes spp. x x x x Rosa spp. x Rubus paruiflorus x Rubus arizonensis x Rudbeckia...laciniata x x Rumex spp. Sambucus spp. x x x Smilacina amplexicaulis x Typha latifolia x x x Vitis arizonica x x Yucca $pp. x TABLE 11.2.4 NUMBER OF EDIBLE

Latitude and Power Characteristics of Solar Activity at the End of the Maunder Minimum

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanov, V. G.; Miletsky, E. V.

2017-12-01

Two important sources of information about sunspots in the Maunder minimum are the Spörer catalog (Spörer, 1889) and observations of the Paris observatory (Ribes and Nesme-Ribes, 1993), which cover in total the last quarter of the 17th and the first two decades of the 18th century. These data, in particular, contain information about sunspot latitudes. As we showed in (Ivanov et al., 2011; Ivanov and Miletsky, 2016), dispersions of sunspot latitude distributions are tightly related to sunspot indices, and we can estimate the level of solar activity in the past using a method which is not based on direct calculation of sunspots and weakly affected by loss of observational data. The latitude distributions of sunspots in the time of transition from the Maunder minimum to the regular regime of solar activity proved to be wide enough. It gives evidences in favor of, first, not very low cycle no.-3 (1712-1723) with the Wolf number in maximum W = 100 ± 50, and, second, nonzero activity in the maximum of cycle no.-4 (1700-1711) W = 60 ± 45. Therefore, the latitude distributions in the end of the Maunder minimum are in better agreement with the traditional Wolf numbers and new revisited indices of activity SN and GN (Clette et al., 2014; Svalgaard and Schatten, 2016) than with the GSN (Hoyt and Schatten, 1998); the latter provide much lower level of activity in this epoch.

Hybrid model of the radiation-induced bystander effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braga, Viviane V.B.; Faria, Fernando Pereira de; Grynberg, Suely Epsztein

2013-01-01

The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) refer to biological alterations in non-irradiated cells that occupy the same medium (culture or tissue) of irradiated cells. The biochemical mechanisms of the RIBE are not completely elucidated. However, several experiments indicate its existence. The objective of this work is to quantify the effect via stochastic and deterministic approaches. The hypotheses of the model are: a) one non-irradiated healthy cell interacts with signals that propagate through the medium. These signals are released by irradiated cells. At the time of interaction cell-signal, the cell can become damaged and signaling or damage and not signaling; b) Both types of damage cells repair with certain rate becoming health cells; c) The diffusion of signals obey the discrete diffusion equation with decay in two dimensions. d) The signal concentration released by irradiated cells depends on the dose in the low dose range (< 0.3 Gy) and saturates for higher dose values. As expected, the temporal analysis of the model as a function of the repair rate shows that the survival fraction decreases as the repair rate is reduced. The analysis of the extent of damage triggered by a signal concentration released by a single irradiated cell at time zero show that the damage grows with the maximum simulation time. The results show good agreement with the experimental data. The stochastic and deterministic methods used are in qualitative agreement, as expected. (author)

Role of nitric oxide in the radiation-induced bystander effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Yakovlev, Vasily A

2015-12-01

Cells that are not irradiated but are affected by "stress signal factors" released from irradiated cells are called bystander cells. These cells, as well as directly irradiated ones, express DNA damage-related proteins and display excess DNA damage, chromosome aberrations, mutations, and malignant transformation. This phenomenon has been studied widely in the past 20 years, since its first description by Nagasawa and Little in 1992, and is known as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Several factors have been identified as playing a role in the bystander response. This review will focus on one of them, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in the stimulation and propagation of RIBE. The hydrophobic properties of NO, which permit its diffusion through the cytoplasm and plasma membranes, allow this signaling molecule to easily spread from irradiated cells to bystander cells without the involvement of gap junction intercellular communication. NO produced in irradiated tissues mediates cellular regulation through posttranslational modification of a number of regulatory proteins. The best studied of these modifications are S-nitrosylation (reversible oxidation of cysteine) and tyrosine nitration. These modifications can up- or down-regulate the functions of many proteins modulating different NO-dependent effects. These NO-dependent effects include the stimulation of genomic instability (GI) and the accumulation of DNA errors in bystander cells without direct DNA damage. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hybrid model of the radiation-induced bystander effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Viviane V.B.; Faria, Fernando Pereira de; Grynberg, Suely Epsztein, E-mail: vitoriabraga06@gmail.com, E-mail: fernandopereirabh@gmail.com, E-mail: seg@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2013-07-01

The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) refer to biological alterations in non-irradiated cells that occupy the same medium (culture or tissue) of irradiated cells. The biochemical mechanisms of the RIBE are not completely elucidated. However, several experiments indicate its existence. The objective of this work is to quantify the effect via stochastic and deterministic approaches. The hypotheses of the model are: a) one non-irradiated healthy cell interacts with signals that propagate through the medium. These signals are released by irradiated cells. At the time of interaction cell-signal, the cell can become damaged and signaling or damage and not signaling; b) Both types of damage cells repair with certain rate becoming health cells; c) The diffusion of signals obey the discrete diffusion equation with decay in two dimensions. d) The signal concentration released by irradiated cells depends on the dose in the low dose range (< 0.3 Gy) and saturates for higher dose values. As expected, the temporal analysis of the model as a function of the repair rate shows that the survival fraction decreases as the repair rate is reduced. The analysis of the extent of damage triggered by a signal concentration released by a single irradiated cell at time zero show that the damage grows with the maximum simulation time. The results show good agreement with the experimental data. The stochastic and deterministic methods used are in qualitative agreement, as expected. (author)

Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas and the Memory’s Landscape in Reunified Germany | Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas y el paisaje de la memoria en la Alemania reunificada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Miquel de Toro

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin has become one of the most controversial Holocaust memorials of remembrance and commemoration, not only in Berlin, but in reunited Germany. The process that led to its construction and dedication has become an example of the debate that should keep that memory alive, more important than the memorial itself in some cases. Its form and content, without the necessary work of contextualization, may be easily confused with an urban abstract artwork. It is just this contextualization which will hopefully allow the so-called “post-memory generations” to fully understand its function. Hence the need for the information center, with its various rooms and exhibitions, in order to provide the necessary historical context for a better understanding of the role of that memorial. | El Memorial por los Judíos Muertos de Europa de Berlín se ha convertido en uno de los memoriales de recuerdo y conmemoración del Holocausto más controvertidos, no sólo de Berlín, sino de la Alemania reunificada. El proceso que llevó a su construcción y dedicación se ha convertido en un ejemplo de los debates que deben mantener viva la memoria, en algunos casos más importantes que el memorial mismo. Su forma y contenido, sin el trabajo de contextualización necesaria, se puede confundir fácilmente con una obra de arte abstracto urbano, y sólo esa contextualización permitirá comprender plenamente su función a las denominadas “generaciones de la post-memoria”. De ahí la necesidad de introducir el centro informativo, con sus diferentes salas y exposiciones, para proporcionar el contexto histórico necesario para comprender mejor la función del memorial.

LIMONOV SEGÚN CASTORF: TRANSGRESIÓN Y NEOTOTALITARISMO EN EL TEATRO VOLKSBÜHNE DE BERLÍN

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Christine Korte

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En 2008, el director alemán Frank Castorf puso en escena una adaptación de la novela de Eduard Limonov Fuck Off, Amerika, publicada en alemán en 1979, y conocida en español como El poeta ruso prefiere a los negrazos. La novela de Limonov escandalizó a la audiencia con su descripción del exceso y nihilismo capitalista mediante la detallada narración de las aventuras de un disidente soviético en Nueva York. La adaptación de Castorf se alinea con la crítica de Limonov de los proyectos socialista y capitalista por igual, y refuerza la tendencia política de su propio teatro, el Volksbühne de Berlín. La producción se centra en Eddie, el protagonista de la novela (un álter ego de Eduard Limonov, y se potencia a partir de la biografía real de Limonov como líder del extremista Partido Nacional Bolchevique ruso. Tanto Castorf como Limonov delinean las fantasías ideológicas de los antiguos regímenes socialistas como performance postsocialista de la política. Como esta representación se basa en la participación política de Limonov en zonas de guerra y conflicto reales, ambos artistas utilizan métodos cuestionables para señalar aquellos territorios geopolíticos donde la «americanización» y el neoliberalismo no se han establecido con firmeza. De esta forma, la producción representa un intento de perpetuar la lucha contra la «colonización» occidental del antiguo este, que tuvo su máximo apogeo en los años inmediatamente posteriores a la caída del muro de Berlín.

[New species of mites of the genus Ptilonyssus (Gamasina: Rhinonyssidae) isolated from Passeriformes (Aves: Passeriformes) from Russia and neighboring countries].

Science.gov (United States)

Staniukovich, M K; Butenko, O M

2003-01-01

Eight new species of the genus Ptilonyssus (Berl. et Troues.) (Gamasina: Rhinonyssidae) from nasal cavities of the passeriformes from territory of the former USSR are described: P. ammomani sp. n. from Ammomanus deserti (Alaudidae) collected in Turkmenistan; P. spini sp. n. from Spinus spinus (Fringillidae) of Kaliningrad district (Russia); P. ripariae sp. n. from Riparia riparia (Hirundinidae) and P. acanthopneustes sp. n. from Phylloscopus borealis (Sylviidae) collected in Tjumen district (Russia); P. pyrrhulinus sp. n. from Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Fringillidae) and P. anthi sp. n. from Anthus trivialis (Motacillidae) of Rjazan district; P. sylviicola sp. n. from Sylviae communis (Sylviidae) collected in Tatarstan; P. cyanosylviae sp. n. from Cyanosylvia svecica (Turdidae) collected from Novosibirsk district.

Steni muinasjutuvõistluse võitjad selgunud / Ants Roos, Ann Roos

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Roos, Ants

2008-01-01

Steni XVI muinasjutuvõistluse žüriisse kuulusid: Ann Roos, Ants Roos, Leelo Tungal, Krista Kumberg, Leida Olszak, Ülle Väljataga. Tulemused: I koht Siim Niinelaid, II koht Julius Air Kull, III koht Mihkel Rammu. Žürii eriauhinnad: Anna Kristin Peterson, Elis Ruus, Rain Hallikas, Mariliis Peterson, Marjaliisa Palu, Karl Kirsimäe, Margaret Pulk. Ergutusauhinnad: Karmel Klaus, Martti Kaljuste, Kristina Korell, Mirjam Võsaste, Mihkel Põder, Iirys Kalde, Miriam Jamul, Mari-Ann Mägi, Ketlin Saar, Liisbeth Kirss. Muud eriauhinnad said: Allan Läll, Berle Mees, Anett Kuuse, Karl Erik Kübarsepp, Grete Tamm, Siim Niinelaid, Kaisa Marie Sipelgas, Ellen Anett Põldmaa, Evelin Laul, Karl Laas, Karl Stamm, Kerli Retter

MRC5 and QU-DB bystander cells can produce bystander factors and induce radiation bystander effect

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni Toossi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Radiation damages initiated by radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE are not limited to the first or immediate neighbors of the irradiated cells, but the effects have been observed in the cells far from the irradiation site. It has been postulated that bystander cells, by producing bystander factors, are actively involved in the propagation of bystander effect in the regions beyond the initial irradiated site. Current study was planned to test the hypothesis. MRC5 and QU-DB cell lines were irradiated, and successive medium transfer technique was performed to induce bystander effects in two bystander cell groups. Conditioned medium extracted from the target cells was transferred to the bystander cells (first bystander cells. After one hour, conditioned medium was substituted by fresh medium. Two hours later, the fresh medium was transferred to a second group of non-irradiated cells (second bystander cells. Micronucleated cells (MC were counted to quantify damages induced in the first and second bystander cell groups. Radiation effect was observed in the second bystander cells as well as in the first ones. Statistical analyses revealed that the number of MC in second bystander subgroups was significantly more than the corresponding value observed in control groups, but in most cases it was equal to the number of MC observed in the first bystander cells. MRC5 and QU-DB bystander cells can produce and release bystander signals in the culture medium and affect non-irradiated cells. Therefore, they may contribute to the RIBE propagation.

Chemopreventive effects of embelin and curcumin against N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Sreepriya, M; Bali, Geetha

2005-09-01

The effects of embelin (50 mg/kg/day), a benzoquinone derivative of Embelia ribes, and the effects of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day), the active principle of Curcuma longa, against N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA)-initiated and phenobarbital (PB)-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis were studied in Wistar rats. They were able to prevent the induction of hepatic hyper plastic nodules, body weight loss, increase in the levels of hepatic diagnostic markers, and hypoproteinemia induced by DENA/PB treatment. Hence, results of our study suggest the possible chemopreventive effects of embelin (EMB) and curcumin (CUR) against DENA/PB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

La radiodifusión en Andorra. Política, economía y espacio comunicacional en un país dependiente

OpenAIRE

Giral Quintana, Eugenio

1989-01-01

[spa] Las peculiares características internacionales del Principado de Andorra, y su situación territorial, le hicieron aparecer como una posible localización de una emisora de radio en ondas medias y cortas, con una programación dirigida al público del Mediodía francés, Catalunya y Aragón. La concesión por el M.l. Consell General, el 16 de agosto de 1935, a Bonaventura Vila Ribes, del permiso administrativo para instalar una emisora en el Principado inició la actividad de la que sería "R...

ERZURUM'DA SEBZE OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLEN YÖRESEL BAZI BİTKİLER / LOCAL VVILD PLANTS USED AS VEGETABLE IN ERZURUM

OpenAIRE

Güvenç, İsmail; Kaya, Yusuf

2011-01-01

ÖZET 1 Bu çalışma, Erzurum vejetasyonunda doğal olarak yetişen ve sebze olarak kullanılan yöreselbitkileri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Yöreden toplanan bitki örneklerinin tamtum teşhis edildi. Sebzeolarak değerlendirilen bu bitkilerin yöresel adları bağa yaprağı (Plantago majör), ısırgan (Urtica dioica), (Sinapis arvensis), kuzu kulağı (Rumex acetocella), çaşır (Prangos uechritzii), çiriş (Asphodelus ramosus), (Rheum ribes), ...

"Balkanski bojevnik"

OpenAIRE

Lampe, Špela

2015-01-01

Zloglasni primer »Balkanski bojevnik« je za zdaj nekoliko potihnil, vendar ne za dolgo. To je eden izmed najbolj odmevnih primerov v zgodovini Slovenije, ki je veliko pozornosti zahteval tudi mednarodno. Državno tožilstvo je 17 oseb obtožilo, da naj bi trgovali s prepovedanimi drogami (kokainom) in orožjem ter vodili in sodelovali v hudodelski združbi. 4 obtoženci so bili spoznani za krive, ostalih 13 – domnevne vodje in večje ribe – pa je bilo deležnih oprostilne sodbe, ker so jim bile v pre...

Spatially-Resolved Ion Trajectory Measurements During Cl2 Reactive Ion Beam Etching and Ar Ion Beam Etching

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vawter, G. Allen; Woodworth, Joseph R.; Zubrzycki, Walter J.

1999-01-01

The angle of ion incidence at the etched wafer location during RIBE and IBE using Cl 2 , Ar and O 2 ion beams has been characterized using an ion energy and angle analyzer. Effects of beam current and accelerator grid bias on beam divergence and the spatial uniformity of the spread of incident angles are measured. It is observed that increased total beam current can lead to reduced current density at the sample stage due to enhanced beam divergence at high currents. Results are related to preferred etch system design for uniform high-aspect-ratio etching across semiconductor wafers

Literaturas centroamericanas hoy. En el foco de dos congresos internacionales celebrados en Alemania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Werner Mackenbach

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Seguramente, las literaturas centroamericanas nunca habían tenido una atención tan grande entre los estudiosos alemanes como en el mes de abril de 2002. Dos congresos, dedicados exclusivamente a ellas, reunieron durante casi dos semanas a un grupo significativo de autoras y autores de la región, así como a críticos de América Latina, Estados Unidos, Europa e incluso Australia: el simposio internacional “Literaturas Centroamericanas Hoy” celebrado en la Universidad Católica de Eichstätt en Baviera, del 17 al 20 de abril, y el “Décimo Congreso Internacional de Literatura Centroamericana” (CILCA celebrado en el Instituto Ibero-Americano de Berlín, del 22 al 24 de abril.

Stereochemical Analysis of Leubethanol, an Anti-TB Active Serrulatane, from Leucophyllum frutescens

Science.gov (United States)

Molina-Salinas, Gloria M.; Rivas-Galindo, Verónica M.; Said-Fernández, Salvador; Lankin, David C.; Muñoz, Marcelo A.; Joseph-Nathan, Pedro; Pauli, Guido F.; Waksman, Noemí

2013-01-01

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic root bark extract of Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. led to the identification of leubethanol (1), a new serrulatane-type diterpene with activity against both multi drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Leubethanol (1) was identified by 1D/2D NMR data, as a serrulatane closely related to erogorgiane (2), and exhibited anti-TB activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range 6.25–12.50 µg/mL. Stereochemical evidence for 1 was gleaned from 1D and 2D NOE experiments, 1H-NMR full spin analysis, as well as by comparison of the experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectrum to density functional theory calculated VCD spectra of two diastereomers. PMID:21859082

Toxicity of radiation-resistant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berl.) to larval Plutella xylostella (L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jangi, M.S.; Ibrahim, Hasan

1983-01-01

A total of 24 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), resistant to a γ-radiation dose of 100 krad, were screened for their toxicity to larval silkworms, Bombyxmori(L.), and 15 of them were subsequently tested for their toxicity to larval diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella(L.). The LC 50 's of these isolates to B. mori ranged from 1.6 X 10 5 to 6.0 X 10 3 spores/mL or from 5.9 to 0.3 μg cellular protein/mL. The irradiation treatment produced isolates which were significantly more toxic to P. xylostella (LC 50 4 spores/mL or 3.7 μg cellular protein/mL) and/ or less toxic to B. mori (LC 50 > 2.3 X 10 4 spores/mL or 1.0 μg cellular protein/mL) than the parent commercial strain

Toxicity of radiation-resistant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berl. ) to larval Plutella xylostella (L. )

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jangi, M.S.; Ibrahim, H. (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malysia, Bangi, Selangor)

1983-05-01

A total of 24 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), resistant to a ..gamma..-radiation dose of 100 krad, were screened for their toxicity to larval silkworms, Bombyxmori(L.), and 15 of them were subsequently tested for their toxicity to larval diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella(L.). The LC/sub 50/'s of these isolates to B. mori ranged from 1.6 X 10/sup 5/ to 6.0 X 10/sup 3/ spores/mL or from 5.9 to 0.3 ..mu..g cellular protein/mL. The irradiation treatment produced isolates which were significantly more toxic to P. xylostella (LC/sub 50/ < 8.1 X 10/sup 4/ spores/mL or 3.7 ..mu..g cellular protein/mL) and/ or less toxic to B. mori (LC/sub 50/ > 2.3 X 10/sup 4/ spores/mL or 1.0 ..mu..g cellular protein/mL) than the parent commercial strain.

Proteomic overview and perspectives of the radiation-induced bystander effects.

Science.gov (United States)

Chevalier, François; Hamdi, Dounia Houria; Saintigny, Yannick; Lefaix, Jean-Louis

2015-01-01

Radiation proteomics is a recent, promising and powerful tool to identify protein markers of direct and indirect consequences of ionizing radiation. The main challenges of modern radiobiology is to predict radio-sensitivity of patients and radio-resistance of tumor to be treated, but considerable evidences are now available regarding the significance of a bystander effect at low and high doses. This "radiation-induced bystander effect" (RIBE) is defined as the biological responses of non-irradiated cells that received signals from neighboring irradiated cells. Such intercellular signal is no more considered as a minor side-effect of radiotherapy in surrounding healthy tissue and its occurrence should be considered in adapting radiotherapy protocols, to limit the risk for radiation-induced secondary cancer. There is no consensus on a precise designation of RIBE, which involves a number of distinct signal-mediated effects within or outside the irradiated volume. Indeed, several cellular mechanisms were proposed, including the secretion of soluble factors by irradiated cells in the extracellular matrix, or the direct communication between irradiated and neighboring non-irradiated cells via gap junctions. This phenomenon is observed in a context of major local inflammation, linked with a global imbalance of oxidative metabolism which makes its analysis challenging using in vitro model systems. In this review article, the authors first define the radiation-induced bystander effect as a function of radiation type, in vitro analysis protocols, and cell type. In a second time, the authors present the current status of protein biomarkers and proteomic-based findings and discuss the capacities, limits and perspectives of such global approaches to explore these complex intercellular mechanisms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biological response of cancer cells to radiation treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rajamanickam eBaskar

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and has the ability to spread or metastasize throughout the body. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development, care and treatment modalities. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy is an important and integral component of cancer management, mostly conferring a survival benefit. Radiation therapy destroys cancer by depositing high-energy radiation on the cancer tissues. Over the years, radiation therapy has been driven by constant technological advances and approximately 50% of all patients with localized malignant tumors are treated with radiation at some point in the course of their disease. In radiation oncology, research and development in the last three decades has led to considerable improvement in our understanding of the differential responses of normal and cancer cells. The biological effectiveness of radiation depends on the linear energy transfer (LET, total dose, number of fractions and radiosensitivity of the targeted cells or tissues. Radiation can either directly or indirectly (by producing free radicals damages the genome of the cell. This has been challenged in recent years by a newly identified phenomenon known as radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE. In RIBE, the non-irradiated cells adjacent to or located far from the irradiated cells/tissues demonstrate similar responses to that of the directly irradiated cells. Understanding the cancer cell responses during the fractions or after the course of irradiation will lead to improvements in therapeutic efficacy and potentially, benefitting a significant proportion of cancer patients. In this review, the clinical implications of radiation induced direct and bystander effects on the cancer cell are discussed.

Chemical Analysis of Extracts from Newfoundland Berries and Potential Neuroprotective Effects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Z. Hossain

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Various species of berries have been reported to contain several polyphenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, which are known to possess high antioxidant activity and may be beneficial for human health. To our knowledge, a thorough chemical analysis of polyphenolics in species of these plants native to Newfoundland, Canada has not been conducted. The primary objective of this study was to determine the polyphenolic compounds present in commercial extracts from Newfoundland berries, which included blueberries (V. angustifolium, lingonberries (V. vitis-idaea and black currant (Ribes lacustre. Anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides in powdered extracts from Ribes lacustre and the Vaccinium species were identified using the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC separation method with mass spectrometric (MS detection. The identified compounds were extracted from dried berries by various solvents via ultrasonication followed by centrifugation. A reverse-phase analytical column was employed to identify the retention time of each chemical component before submission for LC–MS analysis. A total of 21 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in the three species. Further, we tested the effects of the lingonberry extract for its ability to protect neurons and glia from trauma utilizing an in vitro model of cell injury. Surprisingly, these extracts provided complete protection from cell death in this model. These findings indicate the presence of a wide variety of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries that grow natively in Newfoundland. These powdered extracts maintain these compounds intact despite being processed from berry fruit, indicating their potential use as dietary supplements. In addition, these recent findings and previous data from our lab demonstrate the ability of compounds in berries to protect the nervous system from traumatic insults.

LC/PDA/ESI-MS Profiling and Radical Scavenging Activity of Anthocyanins in Various Berries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jun-ichiro Nakajima

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Anthocyanin extracts of two blueberries, Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry and Vaccinium ashei (rabbiteye blueberry, and of three other berries, Ribes nigrum (black currant, Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry, and Sambucus nigra (elderberry, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry (LC/PDA/ESI-MS. Both bilberry and rabbiteye blueberry contained 15 identical anthocyanins with different distribution patterns. Black currant, chokeberry, and elderberry contained 6, 4, and 4 kinds of anthocyanins, respectively. The radical scavenging activities of these berry extracts were analyzed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH. All these extracts showed potent antiradical activities.

La pasión de Alexander Crichton

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Matusevich, Daniel

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Alexander Crichton was born in Edinburgh in 1763; he graduated from Leyden University and travelled through Berlín, Paris, Stuttgart, Prague and Gotinga to perfect his knowledge in medicine while he establish a deep connection between the social media and the culture of those places. On 1798 he published An inquiry into the nature and origin of Mental Derangement, the only book he wrote dedicated to madness. In this paper we review some questions referred to the general method that the author applies, his contributions to the semiotics of the mind and to the analysis of the process of aging and the function of the attention; we also take a look to his conception of the world of passions and of madness, who influenced Philippe Pinel and Dominique Esquirol and also constitute a cornerstone in the birth of psychiatry.Alexander Crichton, nació en Edimburgo en 1763, se graduó en la Universidad de Leyden y completó su formación médica en Berlín, Paris, Stuttgart, Praga y Gotinga, vinculándose estrechamente con el ambiente social y cultural de esos prestigiosos centros europeos. En el año 1798 publicó An Inquiry into the nature and origin of Mental Derangement (Investigación sobre la naturaleza y el origen del trastorno mental, única obra de su autoría dedicada a la locura. En este artículo se analizan algunas cuestiones referidas al método general que aplica el autor para la concepción de su obra, sus contribuciones a la semiología de la mente, al análisis del proceso de envejecimiento y a la función de la atención, para detenernos, finalmente, en su conceptuación del mundo de las pasiones y de la locura que fueron retomadas por otros autores como Philippe Pinel y Dominique Esquirol, y que constituyeron un antecedente fundamental en el nacimiento de la psiquiatría.

La Formación de la Comunidad de Inteligencia Española: Un proceso en marcha

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Galvache Valero, Francisco

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El fin de la bipolaridad dio lugar a la aparición de nuevos riesgos y amenazas, y en un escenario en el que la globalización había potenciado la interdependencia en los espacios definidos por el binomio seguridad-defensa, lo que imponía la necesidad de cooperación entre aliados, para resolver crisis (que crecían en número y afrontar amenazas de carácter cada vez más transnacional. La invasión de Kwait, preludio de la guerra de Irak, la larga crisis de los Balcanes, y el casi sempiterno conflicto de Oriente Medio, mostraron un potencial desestabilizador no previsible antes de la caída del muro de Berlín.…

Plant assemblage composition and soil P concentration differentially affect communities of AM and total fungi in a semi-arid grassland.

Science.gov (United States)

Klabi, Rim; Bell, Terrence H; Hamel, Chantal; Iwaasa, Alan; Schellenberg, Mike; Raies, Aly; St-Arnaud, Marc

2015-01-01

Adding inorganic P- and N-fixing legumes to semi-arid grasslands can increase forage yield, but soil nutrient concentrations and plant cover may also interact to modify soil fungal populations, impacting short- and long-term forage production. We tested the effect of plant assemblage (seven native grasses, seven native grasses + the domesticated N-fixing legume Medicago sativa, seven native grasses + the native N-fixing legume Dalea purpurea or the introduced grass Bromus biebersteinii + M. sativa) and soil P concentration (addition of 0 or 200 P2O5 kg ha(-1) at sowing) on the diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and total fungi over two consecutive years, using 454-pyrosequencing of 18S rDNA and ITS amplicons. Treatment effects were stronger in the wet year (2008) than the dry year (2009). The presence of an N-fixing legume with native grasses generally increased AM fungal diversity, while the interaction between soil P concentration and plant assemblage modified total fungal community structure in 2008. Excluding interannual variations, which are likely driven by moisture and plant productivity, AM fungal communities in semi-arid grasslands appear to be primarily affected by plant assemblage composition, while the composition of other fungi is more closely linked to soil P. © FEMS 2014. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Essential Oil Composition of Five Collections of Achillea biebersteinii from Central Turkey and their Antifungal and Insecticidal Activity

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-04

Suvra Mandal, Avijit Banerji, Manoj Kar, Kalyan Hazra and Julie Banerji 625 The Thai Medicinal Plant Gynura pseudochina var. hispida: Chemical...Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols from Green and Toasted Mate Tea Patrícia de Abreu Marques Coentrão, Valéria Laneuville Teixeira and Annibal Duarte

Druhá verze Berlínského programu z r. 1971: konec Adenauerovy CDU?

OpenAIRE

Picka, Ondřej

2011-01-01

After the Christian democratic CDU party was forced into the opposition after the parliamentary elections of 1969 it created a program commission which should update the party's Berlin Program adopted few months earlier. Surprisingly it drafted a wholly new party manifesto challenging crucial dogmas of party's policies which led to stormy discussions. This thesis argues that this development was a consequence of generation change in the party which was accelerated by the loss of government as...

Druhá verze Berlínského programu z roku 1971. Konec Adenauerovy CDU?

OpenAIRE

Picka, Ondřej

2011-01-01

After the Christian democratic CDU party was forced into the opposition after the parliamentary elections of 1969 it created a program commission which should update the party's Berlin Program adopted few months earlier. Surprisingly it drafted a wholly new party manifesto challenging crucial dogmas of party's policies which led to stormy discussions. This thesis argues that this development was a consequence of generation change in the party which was accelerated by the loss of government po...

Damaging and protective bystander cross-talk between human lung cancer and normal cells after proton microbeam irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desai, Sejal; Kobayashi, Alisa; Konishi, Teruaki; Oikawa, Masakazu; Pandey, Badri N.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Proton-microbeam irradiated A549 cells send damaging signals to bystander A549 cells. • Irradiated A549–A549 bystander response is through gap junctional communication. • Bystander WI38 cells exert protective signalling in irradiated A549 cells. • Rescue of irradiated A549 cells by WI38 cells is independent of gap junctions. - Abstract: Most of the studies of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been focused on understanding the radiobiological changes observed in bystander cells in response to the signals from irradiated cells in a normal cell population with implications to radiation risk assessment. However, reports on RIBE with relevance to cancer radiotherapy especially investigating the bidirectional and criss-cross bystander communications between cancer and normal cells are limited. Hence, in present study employing co-culture approach, we have investigated the bystander cross-talk between lung cancer (A549) and normal (WI38) cells after proton-microbeam irradiation using γ-H2AX foci fluorescence as a measure of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We observed that in A549–A549 co-cultures, irradiated A549 cells exert damaging effects in bystander A549 cells, which were found to be mediated through gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). However, in A549–WI38 co-cultures, irradiated A549 did not affect bystander WI38 cells. Rather, bystander WI38 cells induced inverse protective signalling (rescue effect) in irradiated A549 cells, which was independent of GJIC. On the other hand, in response to irradiated WI38 cells neither of the bystander cells (A549 or WI38) showed significant increase in γ-H2AX foci. The observed bystander signalling between tumour and normal cells may have potential implications in therapeutic outcome of cancer radiotherapy

Berry fruits: compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Seeram, Navindra P

2008-02-13

An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Berry fruits, which are commercially cultivated and commonly consumed in fresh and processed forms in North America, include blackberry ( Rubus spp.), black raspberry ( Rubus occidentalis), blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum), cranberry (i.e., the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, distinct from the European cranberry, V. oxycoccus), red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus) and strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa). Other berry fruits, which are lesser known but consumed in the traditional diets of North American tribal communities, include chokecherry ( Prunus virginiana), highbush cranberry ( Viburnum trilobum), serviceberry ( Amelanchier alnifolia), and silver buffaloberry ( Shepherdia argentea). In addition, berry fruits such as arctic bramble ( Rubus articus), bilberries ( Vaccinuim myrtillus; also known as bog whortleberries), black currant ( Ribes nigrum), boysenberries ( Rubus spp.), cloudberries ( Rubus chamaemorus), crowberries ( Empetrum nigrum, E. hermaphroditum), elderberries ( Sambucus spp.), gooseberry ( Ribes uva-crispa), lingonberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea), loganberry ( Rubus loganobaccus), marionberries ( Rubus spp.), Rowan berries ( Sorbus spp.), and sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides), are also popularly consumed in other parts of the world. Recently, there has also been a surge in the consumption of exotic "berry-type" fruits such as the pomegranate ( Punica granatum), goji berries ( Lycium barbarum; also known as wolfberry), mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana), the Brazilian açaí berry ( Euterpe oleraceae), and the Chilean maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis). Given the wide consumption of berry fruits and their potential impact on human health and disease, conferences and symposia that target the latest scientific research (and, of equal importance, the dissemination of

Damaging and protective bystander cross-talk between human lung cancer and normal cells after proton microbeam irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Desai, Sejal [Radiation Signalling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Kobayashi, Alisa; Konishi, Teruaki; Oikawa, Masakazu [Radiation System and Engineering Section, Department of Technical Support and Development, Research, Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Pandey, Badri N., E-mail: badrinarain@yahoo.co.in [Radiation Signalling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

2014-05-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Proton-microbeam irradiated A549 cells send damaging signals to bystander A549 cells. • Irradiated A549–A549 bystander response is through gap junctional communication. • Bystander WI38 cells exert protective signalling in irradiated A549 cells. • Rescue of irradiated A549 cells by WI38 cells is independent of gap junctions. - Abstract: Most of the studies of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been focused on understanding the radiobiological changes observed in bystander cells in response to the signals from irradiated cells in a normal cell population with implications to radiation risk assessment. However, reports on RIBE with relevance to cancer radiotherapy especially investigating the bidirectional and criss-cross bystander communications between cancer and normal cells are limited. Hence, in present study employing co-culture approach, we have investigated the bystander cross-talk between lung cancer (A549) and normal (WI38) cells after proton-microbeam irradiation using γ-H2AX foci fluorescence as a measure of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We observed that in A549–A549 co-cultures, irradiated A549 cells exert damaging effects in bystander A549 cells, which were found to be mediated through gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). However, in A549–WI38 co-cultures, irradiated A549 did not affect bystander WI38 cells. Rather, bystander WI38 cells induced inverse protective signalling (rescue effect) in irradiated A549 cells, which was independent of GJIC. On the other hand, in response to irradiated WI38 cells neither of the bystander cells (A549 or WI38) showed significant increase in γ-H2AX foci. The observed bystander signalling between tumour and normal cells may have potential implications in therapeutic outcome of cancer radiotherapy.

A infância e a cultura do consumo na contemporaneidade

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Michele Guedes Bredel de Castro

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Observa-se na atualidade que ao mesmo tempo em que a criança é objeto do consumo, também é sujeito, na medida em que consome tanto ou mais que um adulto. Analisar as práticas culturais contemporâneas da criança, relacionadas à cultura de consumo, faz-se necessário e importante hoje quando, em função da lógica do mercado, as relações entre adulto e criança foram modificadas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender as implicações da cultura do consumo na constituição da infância. Defini como metodologia uma pesquisa de cunho teórico. Tomei como referencial teórico dentre outros autores, os estudos de Buckingham (2002, Canclini (1997, Postman (1999 e Ribes (2003. Traz à tona questões polêmicas sobre o impacto do consumo na infância, suscitando novas questões sobre a temática. Palavras-chave: infância, criança, consumo. It is noted that in actuality the same time the child is an object of consumption, it is also subject, as it consumes much or more than an adult. Analyze contemporary cultural practices of children relating to consumer culture, it is necessary and important today when, according to the market logic, relations between adults and children have been modified. This papers aims to understand the implications of consumer culture in childhood constitution. Set as methodology one theoretical, research based on studies of Buckingham (2002, Canclini (1997, Postman (1999 and Ribes (2003. It brings up controversial issues on the impact of consumption in childhood, raising new questions about the topic. Keywords: childhood, child, consumption.

Playful Learning Culture in the Museum

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marchetti, Emanuela

2013-01-01

not undergone much investigation. This study was conducted in cooperation with two historical museums, these being the Transport Museum in Coventry, England and The Viking Museum in Ribe, Denmark. A new learning platform called MicroCulture has been created, aimed at eliciting a sociocultural understanding......Museum learning culture is going through a paradigmatic change. Two main positions are dominant: the modernist, emphasizing the need for assessment and uniform learning outcomes, and the postmodern, encouraging dialogue and multiple learning outcomes. A critical factor is the potential contribution...... of history in young visitors. This study indicates that museum learning culture could be enriched by the introduction of mediated play as a resource for conceptual thinking and social interaction....

Using the Shewhart control charts by process control

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Katarína Lestyánszka Škůrková

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the statistics pursing the process capability of turning in screws production in RIBE Slovakia, k.s. in technical practice, an important group of statistic methods is formed by analyzing qualification of measures, production equipment and qualification of process. By the term “process qualification“ we mean the ability of the process to observe required technical parameters by required value and tolerance limits. Findings of the process capability can be isolated in the estimate process capability (before starting the production and permanent process capability. Also, we have finished the quest for the process capability where the indexes Cp and Cpk are bigger than the determined value of 1.33 points.

Adaptation of Bacteria of Anaerobic Digestion to Higher Salinity for the Application to Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rudyk, Svetlana Nikolayevna; Ivanova, Yanina; Spirov, Pavel

g/L in the volume of 350 g/L. To revitalize bacteria and activate gas production, 200 mL salty water and 5 mL molasses were added. On the 6th day of the experiment, the maximum production was 1300 mL at 90 g/L and the minimum of 400 mL at 80 g/L. The experiment showed that bacteria of anaerobic......For this study, bacteria of anaerobic digestion from Ribe Biogas plant, Denmark, were chosen. The volume of the produced gas from the bacteria was measured in a water displacement setup every day. After the gas production ceased in the second day, the maximum produced gas was measured at 70 and 90...

Looking north-east. Southern Scandinavia in the Middle Ages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Roesdahl, Else

2018-01-01

and The Netherlands, in particular, were much more important, also in the main Danish port to the west, Ribe. Two British-Danish royal marriages in the 15th century illustrate English and Scottish interest in the increasingly important Baltic trade, then controlled by Denmark from the castle of Elsinore. From......An investigation of British influences and imports in southern Scandinavia from the late 11th to the early 16th centuries from a mainly archaeological point-of-view. Danish links with England continued in various forms after the Viking Age, but decreasingly so; contacts with Germany...... then onwards many Scots settled in East Danish towns - the first evidence of extensive relations between Scotland and Denmark....

Patrones temporales de comportamiento táctico en carreras atléticas de 5.000 metros

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Daniel Lapresa Ajamil

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El comportamiento táctico en carreras atléticas de fondo ha sido residualmente estudiado. En el presente trabajo, en el seno de la metodología observacional, se ha construido un instrumento de observación que permite detectar patrones temporales de comportamiento táctico –mediante el software Theme, versión 5.0.–, en el muestreo observacional correspondiente a las finales de: Campeonatos Mundiales París 2003 y Berlín 2009; Olimpiadas de Atenas 2004 y Pekín 2008; Campeonatos Europeos de Goteborg 2006 y Barcelona 2010, en la modalidad de 5000 metros –categoría masculina–. Los resultados obtenidos muestran pautas comportamentales relevantes, relativas, fundamentalmente, al ritmo de la prueba y a la interacción del atleta ganador con sus competidores.

El beato Contardo Ferrini, sabio humanista, romanista y santo

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Julian Motta Salas

1967-11-01

Full Text Available Nació Contardo Ferrini en Módena el año 1859. Estudió en la Universidad de Pavía y esta le otorgó el diploma de doctor en Derecho con una tesis sobre la utilidad que la Historia del Derecho puede derivar de los poemas de Homero y Hesíodo. Como con ese grado hubiese ganado el joven doctor una beca para estudiar en cualquiera universidad extranjera escogió la de Berlín y, habiendo pasado los Alpes en 1880, empezó estudios profundos de Derecho en esa célebre Universidad, ayudados con una aguda inteligencia y con el conocimiento para sus pocos años del griego y del latin, indispensables para cualquier disciplina del pensamiento, ora en las letras, en las ciencias, ora en los estudios del Derecho.

Study on ECR dry etching and selective MBE growth of AlGaN/GaN for fabrication of quantum nanostructures on GaN (0001) substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oikawa, Takeshi; Ishikawa, Fumitaro; Sato, Taketomo; Hashizume, Tamotsu; Hasegawa, Hideki

2005-01-01

This paper attempts to form AlGaN/GaN quantum wire (QWR) network structures on patterned GaN (0001) substrates by selective molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth. Substrate patterns were prepared along - and -directions by electron cyclotron resonance assisted reactive-ion beam etching (ECR-RIBE) process. Selective growth was possible for both directions in the case of GaN growth, but only in the -direction in the case of AlGaN growth. A hexagonal QWR network was successfully grown on a hexagonal mesa pattern by combining the -direction and two other equivalent directions. AFM observation confirmed excellent surface morphology of the grown network. A clear cathodoluminescence (CL) peak coming from the embedded AlGaN/GaN QWR structure was clearly identified

Flowers visited by honey bee in southern Finland

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Markku Käpylä

1979-01-01

Full Text Available A list of nectar and pollen sources of honeybee (Apis mellifera L. in southern Finland based on 44 500 flower records is presented. Only the common wild and cultivated species are included, 139 species altogether. The flowering times are shown with an accuracy of two weeks. The most important food sources during spring (April—May are Salix spp., and Tussilago farfara: during early summer (late May and June Salix spp., Taraxacum officinale, Acer platanoides, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Barbarea vulgaris, Ribes spp., Malus domestica, Sorbus aucuparia, and Geranium sylvaticum; during mid-summer Trifolium repens, T. hybridum, Rubus idaeus, Tilia cordata, Epilobium angustifolium, and Cirsium arvense; during late summer and early autumn Calluna vulgaris, Arctium tomentosum, Sonchus arvensis and Leontodon autumnalis.

Alejandro Von Humboldt

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Gerardo Paz Otero

1965-09-01

Full Text Available Diverso fue y sigue siéndolo, el destino de los dos hermanos Humboldt, Guillermo y Alejandro. Sino que se inicia con el nacimiento: Guillermo, el mayor, nace el 22 de junio de 1767 en Potsdam, residencia de los emperadores prusianos, la ciudad de los palacios imperiales, el imperio del militarismo germano; su cuna se meció cerca al palacete de Sans-Soussi, donde Federico el Grande forja ba el poderío de Prusia, cultivaba las ciencias y las artes, anfitrionaba a los intelectuales de Europa, y era "vasallo espiritual de Volta ire", según la aguda frase de Goethe. Alejandro viene al mundo dos años después (14 de septiembre de 1769 en Berlín, en la casa burguesa de la Jagerstrasse (calle del cazador que su madre Elizabeth von Humboldt heredara de su primer esposo.

Molecular Understanding of Growth Inhibitory Effect from Irradiated to Bystander Tumor Cells in Mouse Fibrosarcoma Tumor Model

Science.gov (United States)

Desai, Sejal; Srambikkal, Nishad; Yadav, Hansa D.; Shetake, Neena; Balla, Murali M. S.; Kumar, Amit; Ray, Pritha; Ghosh, Anu

2016-01-01

Even though bystander effects pertaining to radiation risk assessment has been extensively studied, the molecular players of radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) in the context of cancer radiotherapy are poorly known. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the effect of irradiated tumor cells on the bystander counterparts in mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI 164 cells) tumor model. Mice co-implanted with WEHI 164 cells γ-irradiated with a lethal dose of 15 Gy and unirradiated (bystander) WEHI 164 cells showed inhibited tumor growth, which was measured in terms of tumor volume and Luc+WEHI 164 cells based bioluminescence in vivo imaging. Histopathological analysis and other assays revealed decreased mitotic index, increased apoptosis and senescence in these tumor tissues. In addition, poor angiogenesis was observed in these tumor tissues, which was further confirmed by fluorescence imaging of tumor vascularisation and CD31 expression by immuno-histochemistry. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory bystander effect was exerted more prominently by soluble factors obtained from the irradiated tumor cells than the cellular fraction. Cytokine profiling of the supernatants obtained from the irradiated tumor cells showed increased levels of VEGF, Rantes, PDGF, GMCSF and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and SCF. Comparative proteomic analysis of the supernatants from the irradiated tumor cells showed differential expression of total 24 protein spots (21 up- and 3 down-regulated) when compared with the supernatant from the unirradiated control cells. The proteins which showed substantially higher level in the supernatant from the irradiated cells included diphosphate kinase B, heat shock cognate, annexin A1, angiopoietin-2, actin (cytoplasmic 1/2) and stress induced phosphoprotein 1. However, the levels of proteins like annexin A2, protein S100 A4 and cofilin was found to be lower in this supernatant. In conclusion, our results provided deeper insight about

Molecular Understanding of Growth Inhibitory Effect from Irradiated to Bystander Tumor Cells in Mouse Fibrosarcoma Tumor Model.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sejal Desai

Full Text Available Even though bystander effects pertaining to radiation risk assessment has been extensively studied, the molecular players of radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE in the context of cancer radiotherapy are poorly known. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the effect of irradiated tumor cells on the bystander counterparts in mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI 164 cells tumor model. Mice co-implanted with WEHI 164 cells γ-irradiated with a lethal dose of 15 Gy and unirradiated (bystander WEHI 164 cells showed inhibited tumor growth, which was measured in terms of tumor volume and Luc+WEHI 164 cells based bioluminescence in vivo imaging. Histopathological analysis and other assays revealed decreased mitotic index, increased apoptosis and senescence in these tumor tissues. In addition, poor angiogenesis was observed in these tumor tissues, which was further confirmed by fluorescence imaging of tumor vascularisation and CD31 expression by immuno-histochemistry. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory bystander effect was exerted more prominently by soluble factors obtained from the irradiated tumor cells than the cellular fraction. Cytokine profiling of the supernatants obtained from the irradiated tumor cells showed increased levels of VEGF, Rantes, PDGF, GMCSF and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and SCF. Comparative proteomic analysis of the supernatants from the irradiated tumor cells showed differential expression of total 24 protein spots (21 up- and 3 down-regulated when compared with the supernatant from the unirradiated control cells. The proteins which showed substantially higher level in the supernatant from the irradiated cells included diphosphate kinase B, heat shock cognate, annexin A1, angiopoietin-2, actin (cytoplasmic 1/2 and stress induced phosphoprotein 1. However, the levels of proteins like annexin A2, protein S100 A4 and cofilin was found to be lower in this supernatant. In conclusion, our results provided deeper

Caffeine Markedly Enhanced Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Erkang; Wu Lijun

2009-01-01

In this paper it is shown that incubation with 2 mM caffeine enhanced significantly the MN (micronucleus) formation in both the 1 cGy α-particle irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions. Moreover, caffeine treatment made the non-irradiated bystander cells more sensitive to damage signals. Treated by c-PTIO(2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, the MN frequencies were effectively inhibited, showing that nitric oxide might be very important in mediating the enhanced damage. These results indicated that caffeine enhanced the low dose α-particle radiation-induced damage in irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions, and therefore it is important to investigate the relationship between the radiosensitizer and radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). (ion beam bioengineering)

On the dualism in psychology

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MÓNICA MARÍA NOVOA GÓMEZ

2002-07-01

Full Text Available In the sciences dedicated to study the human beings, a dualism framework has been a constant and thedebate has been abundant both in philosophy of the science and in psychology itself (Moore, 2001;Ribes, 1990; Skinner, 1975, Skinner, 1969; Kantor, 1969, Ryle, 1949. The history of the psychologicaland philosophical thought about body-mind relation since Descartes is the history of the uncountableintents to escape from what Vesey (1965 nominated as the dead Cartesian point, to refer to thescientists’conclusion on the human impossibility to understand how the body and mind are united. Inthe best way, finally there has been a return to the unavoidable common sense conception of its mutualinteraction. This article discusses the legitimacy of the dualist postulates and present AEC contributionsrelated to.

AcEST: DK944768 [AcEST

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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AcEST: DK957349 [AcEST

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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Podcasting: ¿Un nuevo medio para la Educación a Distancia?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolfram Laaser

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se abordará el uso del podcast como dispositivo tecnológico mediador de la Web 2.0 en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje tanto en la educación semipresencial, presencial y a distancia. Asimismo trataremos otros dispositivos que extienden el concepto del podcast, como los son el "enhanced podcast "y el "vodcast ". Seguidamente explicaremos cómo diseñar un podcast desde sus aspectos técnicos y didácticos. Se analizarán las propiedades, ventajas, y múltiples usos educativos del podcast. Analizaremos modelos organizativos de distribución de los podcasts en universidades: iniciativa individual, plataforma de la universidad (Universidad de Humboldt, Berlín, consorcio (Multimedia Kontor Hamburgo, distribuidora externa (iTunes. Finalmente examinaremos por qué es beneficiosa la participación de los alumnos en el diseño de sus propios podcasts.

Planck, Einstein y los orígenes de la física cuántica

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Sánchez Ron, José Manuel

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Not available

La física cuántica nació en diciembre de 1900, cuando Max Planck, hasta entonces un no demasiado conocido físico teórico de Berlín, se vio obligado a introducir, para explicar la ley de radiación de un cuerpo negro que él mismo había obtenido poco antes, un tipo de discontinuidad de la energía, asociada a una nueva ley física: E=h·ν. En el presente artículo se explica el camino que condujo a Planck a semejante hallazgo, al igual que los problemas que éste planteaba a su descubridor. Fue Albert Einstein, cuyas aportaciones también se consideran, quien en 1905 avanzó por la senda abierta por Planck, insertando de manera mucho más radical la cuantización energética en el seno de la física.

Entre guerra y paz. América Latina frente a la tragedia del primer conflicto mundial

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Graziano Palamara

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El trabajo propone un análisis sobre las posturas latinoamericanas frente a la Primera Guerra Mundial —PGM—. La reflexión se fundamenta en un modelo interpretativo que considera las guerras de alcance mundial no solo como el punto de disgregación de un sistema internacional, sino más bien como el momento fundante de un nuevo orden. Este modelo permite reflexionar sobre la manera en que Latinoamérica se acercó al declive del orden posnapoleónico y la conducta que ella tuvo cuando, en 1917, con el ingreso en el conflicto de los estados Unidos y la Revolución de Octubre en Rusia, se abrió en el contexto de las relaciones internacionales una nueva época que habría mantenido intactas alguna s de sus características, por lo menos hasta la caída del muro de Berlín.

La agonía del Eros, Han (2014.

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Laura Díaz Traversa

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Byung-Chul Han, Dr. en Filosofía de origen coreano, realizó sus estudios en Alemania, donde reside actualmente y se desempeña como docente de Filosofía y Estudios Culturales en la Universidad de las Artes de Berlín. Desde el punto de vista teórico-académico se inscribe en el Pensamiento Crítico de la escuela de Frankfurt, siendo alumno privilegiado de Honneth. Es considerado una de las voces filosóficas más prestigiosas de dicho país, y sus obras se caracterizan por ser breves, de fácil lectura, sorprendiendo al público por su fuerza y pertinencia en la actualidad. La agonía del Eros es la tercera obra del autor traducida al castellano y promete seguir el mismo camino que las anteriores, es decir, convertirse en una obra fundamental del Pensamiento Crítico.

Exploration of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. from soil and screening test its toxicity on insects of Lepidoptera order

Science.gov (United States)

Astuti, DT; Pujiastuti, Y.; Suparman, SHK; Damiri, N.; Nugraha, S.; Sembiring, ER; Mulawarman

2018-01-01

Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive bacterium that produces crystal proteins toxic (ᴕ-endotoxin) specific to the target insect, but is not toxic to humans and non-target organisms. This study aims to explore the origin of the soil bacterium B. thuringiensis sub-district Sekayu, Banyuasin, South Sumatra and toxicity to larvae of lepidoptera. Fifty soil samples were taken from Musi Banyuasin District, namely 15 from Kayuare strip 2, 20 from Kayuare and 15 from Lumpatan. Isolation, characterization, identification and screening test were conducted in the laboratorium of Pest and Disease, Agricultural Faculty, Sriwijaya University. Isolat codes were given based on the area origin of the samples. Results of the study showed that from 50 isolates of bacteria that had been isolated, there were 15 bacterial isolates, characterized by morphology and physiology the same as B. thuringiensis, which has round colonies, white, wrinkled edges, slippery, elevation arise, aerobic and gram-positive. Of the 15 codes that contain positive isolates of B. thuringiensis, we have obtained several isolates of the following codes: KJ2D5, KJ2N1, KJ2N4, KJ2B3, KJ3R1, KJ3R2, KJ3R3, KJ3R5, KJ3J3, KJ3J4, KJ3P1, DLM5, DLKK12, and DLKK23. Results of screening tests on insects of the Lepidoptera Order showed that there were six isolates that had toxic to Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura insects, ie bacterial isolate codes DLM5, KJ3R3, KJ3R5, KJ3J4, KJ3P1, and DLKK23.

Sammenhænge mellem risikoadfærd for spiseforstyrrelser og SF-36 samt selvoplevet stress for yngre danske kvinder, 16-29 år

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waaddegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

INTRODUCTION: To improve the early identification of eating disorders the study tested whether women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have lower health-related life quality and more perceived stress than women without risk behaviour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a representative...... cross sectional survey of 16-29-year old women and was part of the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005. After the personal interviews, 487 returned the questionnaires, with a response rate of 53.3%. Participants responded to RiBED-8, a screening instrument for identification of risk behaviour for eating...... disorders and also to SF-36 and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS: Women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have a lower score on all subscales of SF-36 than women without risk behaviour. The differences are significant for the subscales for mental health, vitality, social function and general...

Sammenhaenge mellem risikoadfaerd for spiseforstyrrelser og Short Form-36 samt selvoplevet stress blandt 16-29-årige danske kvinder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waadegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

INTRODUCTION: To improve the early identification of eating disorders the study tested whether women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have lower health-related life quality and more perceived stress than women without risk behaviour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a representative...... cross sectional survey of 16-29-year old women and was part of the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005. After the personal interviews, 487 returned the questionnaires, with a response rate of 53.3%. Participants responded to RiBED-8, a screening instrument for identification of risk behaviour for eating...... disorders and also to SF-36 and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS: Women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have a lower score on all subscales of SF-36 than women without risk behaviour. The differences are significant for the subscales for mental health, vitality, social function and general...

Sammenhænge mellem risikoadfærd for spiseforstyrrelser og SF-36 samt selvoplevet stress for yngre danske kvinder, 16-29 år

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waaddegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

cross sectional survey of 16-29-year old women and was part of the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005. After the personal interviews, 487 returned the questionnaires, with a response rate of 53.3%. Participants responded to RiBED-8, a screening instrument for identification of risk behaviour for eating......INTRODUCTION: To improve the early identification of eating disorders the study tested whether women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have lower health-related life quality and more perceived stress than women without risk behaviour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a representative...... disorders and also to SF-36 and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS: Women with risk behaviour for eating disorders have a lower score on all subscales of SF-36 than women without risk behaviour. The differences are significant for the subscales for mental health, vitality, social function and general...

Mapping and quantifying geodiversity in land-water transition zones using MBES and topobathymetric LiDAR

Science.gov (United States)

Brandbyge Ernstsen, Verner; Skovgaard Andersen, Mikkel; Gergely, Aron; Schulze Tenberge, Yvonne; Al-Hamdani, Zyad; Steinbacher, Frank; Rolighed Larsen, Laurids; Winter, Christian; Bartholomä, Alexander

2016-04-01

Land-water transition zones, like e.g. coastal and fluvial environments, are valuable ecosystems which are often characterised by high biodiversity and geodiversity. However, often these land-water transition zones are difficult or even impossible to map and investigate in high spatial resolution due to the challenging environmental conditions. Combining vessel borne shallow water multibeam echosounder (MBES) surveys ,to cover the subtidal coastal areas and the river channel areas, with airborne topobathymetric light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys, to cover the intertidal and supratidal coastal areas and the river floodplain areas, potentially enables full-coverage and high-resolution mapping in these challenging environments. We have carried out MBES and topobathymetric LiDAR surveys in the Knudedyb tidal inlet system, a coastal environment in the Danish Wadden Sea which is part of the Wadden Sea National Park and UNESCO World Heritage, and in the Ribe Vesterå, a fluvial environment in the Ribe Å river catchment discharging into the Knudedyb tidal basin. Detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) with a grid cell size of 0.5 m x 0.5 m were generated from the MBES and the LiDAR point clouds, which both have point densities in the order of 20 points/m2. Morphometric analyses of the DEMs enabled the identification and mapping of the different landforms within the coastal and fluvial environments. Hereby, we demonstrate that vessel borne MBES and airborne topobathymetric LiDAR, here in combination, are promising tools for seamless mapping across land-water transition zones as well as for the quantification of a range of landforms at landscape scale in different land-water transition zone environments. Hence, we demonstrate the potential for mapping and quantifying geomorphological diversity, which is one of the main components of geodiversity and a prerequisite for assessing geoheritage. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Danish Council for

Development of the Northern European Ribes core collection based on a microsatellite (SSR) marker diversity analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Antonius, Kristiina; Karhu, S.; Kaldmäe, H.

2012-01-01

The purpose of the study was to support the selection process of the most valuable currant and gooseberry accessions cultivated in Northern Europe, in order to establish a decentralized core collection and, following the selection, to ensure sufficient genetic diversity in the selected collection....... Molecular analyses of the material from nine project partners were run at seven different laboratories. The results were first analysed for each partner separately, and then combined to ensure sufficient genetic diversity in the core collection....

Non-Ribes alternate hosts of white pine blister rust: What this discovery means to whitebark pine

Science.gov (United States)

Paul J. Zambino; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook. Kim

2006-01-01

From early to present-day outbreaks, white pine blister rust caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, in combination with mountain pine beetle outbreaks and fire exclusion has caused ecosystem-wide effects for all five-needled pines (McDonald and Hoff 2001). To be successful, efforts to restore whitebark pine will require sound management decisions that incorporate an...

Jatropha cultivation in Malawi and Mozambique: impact on ecosystem services, local human well-being, and poverty alleviation

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Graham P. von Maltitz

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Jatropha-based biofuels have undergone a rapid boom-and-bust cycle in southern Africa. Despite strong initial support by governments, donors, and the private sector, there is a lack of empirical studies that compare the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of Jatropha's two dominant modes of production: large plantations and smallholder-based projects. We apply a rapid ecosystem services assessment approach to understand the impact of two Jatropha projects that are still operational despite widespread project collapse across southern Africa: a smallholder-based project (BERL, Malawi and a large plantation (Niqel, Mozambique. Our study focuses on changes in provisioning ecosystem services such as biofuel feedstock, food, and woodland products that can have important effects on human well-being locally. Qualitative information is provided for other regulating and cultural ecosystem services. Although at this stage no impact is tremendously positive or negative, both projects show some signs of viability and local poverty alleviation potential. However, their long-term sustainability is not guaranteed given low yields, uncertain markets, and some prevailing management practices.

La ciudad herida: Siete ejemplos paradigmáticos de rehabilitación urbana en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

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Francisco Segado-Vázquez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En la historia del urbanismo, la segunda mitad del siglo XX marca un punto de inflexión. Los métodos de desarrollo urbano aplicados hasta la fecha ya no consiguen dar respuesta a los problemas surgidos en el corazón de las ciudades: guetos, inseguridad o delincuencia. Resulta necesario buscar nuevos métodos para la recuperación del pulso vital de nuestros barrios. Kreuzberg en Berlín, el centro histórico de Bolonia, Le Marais en París, Fener y Balat en Estambul, Molenbeek en Bruselas, Mouraria en Lisboa y Lavapiés en Madrid se han convertido en ejemplos paradigmáticos de la nueva idea de rehabilitación urbana. La diversidad social, que evita la creación de guetos; la calidad de los espacios públicos, que favorece las relaciones interpersonales; y la salvaguarda, que mantiene y fortalece la imagen que tenemos de nuestro entorno urbano, se convierten en conceptos necesarios para recuperar nuestra "ciudad herida".

Exercise on prescription: a randomized study on the effect of counseling vs counseling and supervised exercise

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragstrup, J.; Skovgaard, T.; Puggaard, L.

2008-01-01

(counseling) using maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) as the primary outcome. The study was conducted as a randomized trial in 2005-2006 with a high and a low-intensive group. All the patients referred to the EoP scheme by their GP in the counties of Vejle and Ribe, Denmark, were eligible for the trial....... The high-intensive EoP group received 4 months of group-based supervised training and attended five motivational counseling sessions. The low-intensive group only attended four motivational counseling sessions. Three hundred and twenty-seven patients entered the EoP scheme, and 52 (16%) volunteered......The aim of this study was to compare short- (0-4 months) and long-term (0-10 months) effects of high-intensive Exercise on Prescription (EoP) intervention (counseling and supervised exercise) implemented in primary healthcare in a number of Danish counties with a low-intensive intervention...

Surveys on Gyrodactylus parasites onwild Atlantic salmon in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Louise von Gersdorff; Heinecke, Rasmus Demuth; Buchmann, Kurt

Gyrodactylus salaris is a monogenean ectoparasite parasitizing salmonids in freshwater. This parasite is highly pathogenic to both Norwegian and Scottish salmon and has decimated the salmon populations in 45 Norwegian rivers after anthropogenic transfer from Sweden. G. salaris has also been found...... on several occasions in Danish rainbow trout farms but has never been recorded as a pathogenic parasite on Danish wild salmon. In the present study the occurrence of G. salaris and other Gyrodactylus parasites on wild Danish salmon fry and parr were monitored. Electrofishing was conducted in three river......-systems (River Skjern, Ribe and Varde) and 0+ and 1+ salmon were collected and sacrificed using an overdose of MS222. During spring or summer time more salmon fry and parr will be collected. The fins were excised and fins and body were conserved separately in 96% ethanol. In the laboratory, the fins and body...

Obesity and prevalence of risk behaviour for eating disorders among young Danish women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waaddegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

AIMS: Danish women aged 16-29 from two nationwide, representative, cross-sectional interview/questionnaire surveys from 2000 and 2005 are analyzed for trends in prevalence of risk behaviour for developing eating disorders and associations to BMI and age. METHODS: Participants completed the Danish...... Health Interview Survey and an 8-item screen, RiBED-8, for risk behaviour for eating disorders. To analyze how the prevalence of risk behaviour depends on age, BMI, and year of survey, logistic regression analyses were applied. On acceptance of no interaction, the effect of each variable was tested...... and described using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Women aged 16-19 or with a BMI of>25 had the greatest chance of reporting risk behaviour for eating disorders. However, many women in their 20s also had risk behaviour. Prevalence of risk behaviour for eating disorders did not change from...

Psykisk og fysisk helbred og risikoadfaerd for spiseforstyrrelser hos kvinder på 16-29 år

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waaddegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Possibilities for early identification of eating disorders among 16-29-year-old women are investigated regarding physical and mental health-related determinants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a representative cross-sectional survey of 16-29-year-old women, and was part...... of the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005. The response rate was 53.3%. Participants responded to RiBED-8, a screening instrument for identification of risk behaviour for eating disorders. Relative Risk (RR) for the development of risk behaviour was shown for each variable to identify the effect on prevalence...... of risk behaviour for eating disorders. Analyses showed no effect of non-response on prevalence of risk behaviour for eating disorders. RESULTS: 19% of 16-29-year-old women had risk behaviour for eating disorders. Women had a higher RR for developing risk behaviour if they had had sick leave from work...

Psykisk og fysisk helbred og risikoadfærd for spiseforstyrrelser hos kvinder, 16-29 år

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waaddegaard, Mette; Davidsen, Michael; Kjøller, Mette

2009-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Possibilities for early identification of eating disorders among 16-29-year-old women are investigated regarding physical and mental health-related determinants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a representative cross-sectional survey of 16-29-year-old women, and was part...... of the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005. The response rate was 53.3%. Participants responded to RiBED-8, a screening instrument for identification of risk behaviour for eating disorders. Relative Risk (RR) for the development of risk behaviour was shown for each variable to identify the effect on prevalence...... of risk behaviour for eating disorders. Analyses showed no effect of non-response on prevalence of risk behaviour for eating disorders. RESULTS: 19% of 16-29-year-old women had risk behaviour for eating disorders. Women had a higher RR for developing risk behaviour if they had had sick leave from work...

Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. indigenous from soil and its potency as biological agents of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Science.gov (United States)

Pujiastuti, Y.; Astuti, D. T.; Afriyani, S. R.; Suparman, S.; Irsan, C.; Sembiring, E. R.; Nugraha, S.; Mulawarman; Damiri, N.

2018-01-01

The objective of the study was to characterize the molecular weight of protein in order to be utilized as biological agent of S. litura and their cell or spores production. To investigate the molecular weight of protein was done by SDS-Page electrophoresis. Growth media used for producing B. thuringiensis were T3, LB broth and agricultural waste. The results showed that the molecular weight of protein ranged from 37 to 140 kDa. In DLM and DLKK23 isolates were found ranging from 37 to 40 kDa and from 110 to 130 kDa, respectively. KJ3R5 and KJ3P1 isolates were obtained having three protein bands ranging from 43 to 45, 73 to 80 and 110 to 130 kDa and 45-50, 75-80 and 130-140 kDa, respectively. It was predicted that isolates B. thuringiensis were belonging to Cry IA, Cry IIA, Cry IVC and Cry15c. These crystal proteins were toxic to S. litura. There was no protein bands found in the two last isolates (KJ3R3 and KJ3J4). Production of spore after sporulation in agricultural waste media ranged from 0.5 to 106 - 2.67 x 107 spores/ml showing medium level of toxicity to S. litura.

Álvaro Siza en el Berlín dividido : el proyecto urbano en los márgenes (1976-1988)

OpenAIRE

Doménech Rodríguez, Marta

2017-01-01

This doctoral thesis, entitled "Alvaro Siza in divided Berlin. The urban project at the margins (1976-1988)” deals with the contemporary validity of architecture in its urban dimension for the construction of the contemporary city. Between 1976 and 1983, the architect Alvaro Siza participated six times in the debate on the reconstruction of marginal areas in Berlin before the fall of the wall. The resulting proposals occur at a turning point in Modernity, characterized by the reformulation...

In vitro screening of methanol plant extracts for their antibacterial activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, T.; Arshad, M.; Khan, S.; Sattar, H.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to observe the antibacterial activity of aqueous methanolic extracts of 10 plants against 2-gram negative bacteria (Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli) and 3-gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium bovis) by using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar well diffusion method and agar dilution method. All the bacteria were susceptible to different plant extracts. Lawsonia inermis, Embellia ribes and Santalum album showed antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The extract of Santalum album showed maximum antibacterial activity of the 10 plant extracts used. Bacillus cereus and Pasteurella multocida were the most sensitive bacteria against most of the plant extracts. It is clear from the results of the present studies that the plant extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against bacteria. However, there is a need of further research to isolate the active ingredients for further pharmacological evaluation. (author)

HISTORIA FUNCIONAL DE MORFOLOGÍAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y SU EFECTO EN UN AJUSTE CONVENCIONAL/ FUNCTIONAL HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC MORPHOLOGIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON A CONVENTIONAL ADJUSTMENT/ HISTÓRIA FUNCIONAL DE MORFOLOGIAS LINGÜÍSTICAS E SEU EFEITO EM UM AJUSTE CONVENCIONAL

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Nataly Yáñez Ramírez

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985; y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.

In vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against larval Haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay.

Science.gov (United States)

Hördegen, P; Cabaret, J; Hertzberg, H; Langhans, W; Maurer, V

2006-11-03

Because of the increasing anthelmintic resistance and the impact of conventional anthelmintics on the environment, it is important to look for alternative strategies against gastrointestinal nematodes. Phytotherapy could be one of the major options to control these pathologies. Extracts or ingredients of six different plant species were tested against exsheathed infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus using a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay. Pyrantel tartrate was used as reference anthelmintic. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of the stem of Ananas comosus (Bromeliaceae), the ethanolic extracts of seeds of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Caesalpinia crista (Caesalpiniaceae) and Vernonia anthelmintica (Asteraceae), and the ethanolic extracts of the whole plant of Fumaria parviflora (Papaveraceae) and of the fruit of Embelia ribes (Myrsinaceae) showed an anthelmintic efficacy of up to 93%, relative to pyrantel tartrate. Based on these results obtained with larval Haemonchus contortus, the modified MTT reduction assay could be a possible method for testing plant products with anthelmintic properties.

Historia Funcional de Morfologías Lingüísticas y su Efecto en un Ajuste Convencional

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Nataly Yáñez Ramírez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985; y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.

A model of competing species that exhibits zip bifurcation

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Luis F. Echeverri

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un modelo concreto d e poblaciones de especies en competición que exhibe la bifurc ación Zip. La bifurcación zip fue introducida por Farkas en 1984 para un si stema tridi- mensional de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que desc ribe un quimiostato. Estudiaremos un sistema tridimensional de ecuaciones dife renciales ordinarias que modela la competición de dos poblaciones distintas de pr edadores por una única población presa. El sistema usa funciones trigonomét ricas concretas pa- ra representar la tasa de crecimiento de la presa y la respues ta funcional del predador. El modelo exhibe diferentes clases de comportami entos y muestra ejemplos de los llamados principio de exclusión competitiva y la competición de un r-estratega contra un k-estratega . Adicionalmente, para ilustrar la bi- furcacion zip, presentaremos algunas simulaciones numéri cas.

A LA LUZ DE LAS CÚPULAS. RESTAURACIÓN DEL REICHSTAG DE BERLÍN (1992–1999. FOSTER & PARTNERS / In the light of the cupolas: restoration of the Reichstag of Berlin (1992–1999 Foster & Partners

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Manuel Trillo de Leyva

2010-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Durante el curso académico 2000-2001, los profesores del Aula Taller F realizaron un seminario dedicado a la arquitectura contemporánea de Berlín. Además de las conferencias impartidas se visitaron las obras que habían sido analizadas en el seminario. Este artículo, escrito en marzo de 2001, añade una reflexión final, escrita en marzo del año 2002, consecuencia de esa visita conjunta que, profesores y estudiantes, realizaron al Reigchstag. Con el cambio de milenio, las principales ciudades europeas tratan de actualizarse utilizando la arquitectura de vanguardia y recurriendo a las principales firmas del momento. La forma de reconstruir Berlín entra en debate tras la experiencia de la IBA de los años ochenta. La reconstrucción del Reichstag supone además recuperar parte de la historia reciente de esta ciudad. Convertido en el símbolo de Berlín desde la era Guillermina, se mantuvo en la caída de la República de Weimar, durante el régimen de Hitler y con la división y finalmente reunificación de Alemania. El proyecto de Paul Wallot, la intervención de Paul Baumgarten y la propuesta de Norman Foster dan testimonio de esta historia a la que no son ajenas las diferentes decisiones que los arquitectos tuvieron que tomar en cada momento. El concurso, compuesto por dos fases, planteaba sobre todo el problema de la reconstrucción de la cúpula demolida por Baumgarten. Foster realizó dos proyectos distintos, uno en cada fase, con cambios sustanciales, en el basamento y en la forma de la cubrición del espacio central de la Sala de la Asamblea. Impuesta la reconstrucción de la cúpula, con la solución definitiva propuesta por Foster, se recupera el sentido público de este edifico en la ciudad y se muestra una vez más el camino emprendido por este arquitecto para lograr nuevos ingenios modulares y prefabricados en arquitectura. La tecnología utilizada sobrepasa los límites de la forma para hacer de este edificio una

Signaling factors and pathways of α-particle irradiation induced bilateral bystander responses between Beas-2B and U937 cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu, Jiamei; Wang, Juan; Wang, Xiangdong; Wang, Ping; Xu, Jinping; Zhou, Cuiping; Bai, Yang; Shao, Chunlin

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Radiation damage of Beas-2B cells was enhanced by macrophage-mediated bilateral bystander responses. • Expressions of TNF-α and IL-8 in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells were dependent on ERK and p38 pathways. • The neighboring U937 cells further increased the generation of TNF-α and IL-8 in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. • NF-κB dependent upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 was induced in the bystander U937 cells. - Abstract: Although radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been investigated for decades for their potential health risk, the underlying gene regulation is still largely unclear, especially the roles of immune system and inflammatory response in RIBE. In the present study, macrophage U937 cells and epithelial Beas-2B cells were co-cultured to disclose the cascades of bystander signaling factors and intercellular communications. After α-particle irradiation, both ERK and p38 pathways were activated in Beas-2B cells and were associated with the autocrine and paracrine signaling of TNF-α and IL-8, resulting in direct damage to the irradiated cells. Similar upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 was induced in the bystander U937 cells after co-culture with α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. This upregulation was dependent on the activation of NF-κB pathway and was responsible for the enhanced damage of α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. Interestingly, the increased expressions of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs in the bystander U937 cells were clearly relayed on the activated ERK and p38 pathways in the irradiated Beas-2B cells, and the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs in co-cultured Beas-2B cells was also partly due to the activated NF-κB pathway in the bystander U937 cells. With the pretreatment of U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor), the aggravated damage in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells could be largely alleviated. Our results disclosed novel signaling cascades of macrophage-mediated bilateral

Signaling factors and pathways of α-particle irradiation induced bilateral bystander responses between Beas-2B and U937 cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fu, Jiamei; Wang, Juan; Wang, Xiangdong; Wang, Ping; Xu, Jinping; Zhou, Cuiping; Bai, Yang; Shao, Chunlin, E-mail: clshao@shmu.edu.cn

2016-07-15

Highlights: • Radiation damage of Beas-2B cells was enhanced by macrophage-mediated bilateral bystander responses. • Expressions of TNF-α and IL-8 in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells were dependent on ERK and p38 pathways. • The neighboring U937 cells further increased the generation of TNF-α and IL-8 in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. • NF-κB dependent upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 was induced in the bystander U937 cells. - Abstract: Although radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been investigated for decades for their potential health risk, the underlying gene regulation is still largely unclear, especially the roles of immune system and inflammatory response in RIBE. In the present study, macrophage U937 cells and epithelial Beas-2B cells were co-cultured to disclose the cascades of bystander signaling factors and intercellular communications. After α-particle irradiation, both ERK and p38 pathways were activated in Beas-2B cells and were associated with the autocrine and paracrine signaling of TNF-α and IL-8, resulting in direct damage to the irradiated cells. Similar upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 was induced in the bystander U937 cells after co-culture with α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. This upregulation was dependent on the activation of NF-κB pathway and was responsible for the enhanced damage of α-irradiated Beas-2B cells. Interestingly, the increased expressions of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs in the bystander U937 cells were clearly relayed on the activated ERK and p38 pathways in the irradiated Beas-2B cells, and the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs in co-cultured Beas-2B cells was also partly due to the activated NF-κB pathway in the bystander U937 cells. With the pretreatment of U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor), the aggravated damage in the α-irradiated Beas-2B cells could be largely alleviated. Our results disclosed novel signaling cascades of macrophage-mediated bilateral

CALIDAD DE VIDA ¿UN DERECHO, UNA OPORTUNIDAD?

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Rina De León Herrera

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Acontecimientos de la última década del siglo XX como, la caída del muro de Berlín, la finalización de la Guerra Fría, el Acuerdos de Marrakesh sobre la reducción de aranceles y la regulación del comercio mundial, los avances tecnológicos en las comunicaciones, han ocasionado cambios significativos en el mundo: la transformación de la economía, la interdependencia de la población, la interrelación entre la cultura, la economía y la tecnología, la mundialización de los problemas sociales. Estos cambios, unidos en el caso colombiano a fenómenos tan complejos como el conflicto armado, el narcotráfico, el incremento de la pobreza, del desempleo, la violación permanente de los derechos humanos, convocan a la reflexión en aras de fortalecer la convivencia y la paz. Por ello, es pertinente el tema central de este 10° Congreso Nacional de Trabajo Social "Calidad de Vida, Política Social y Construcción de paz".

Nadar sola. Acerca del viaje como experimento de trans-subjetivación en dos relatos de Matilde Sánchez

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Pablo N. Pachilla

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza los relatos de Matilde Sánchez “Amsterdam, ‘79” y “Berlín, ‘86”, crónicas de viajes iniciáticos incluidos en La canción de las ciudades (1999. En ambos casos, la protagonista y narradora nos presenta el viaje como un experimento sobre la propia subjetividad, consistente en la inmersión y exposición del cuerpo propio y la lengua materna a una proliferación de signos urbanos extraños, habitando y habituándose a aquellas ciudades. Se propone aquí pensar dichas crónicas a partir de los conceptos deleuzianos de aprendizaje, percepto y afecto, y adentrarse en la composición de la canción en cuestión como una operación que involucra una temporalidad triple. El aprendizaje perceptivo, afectivo y lingüístico de los viajes remite a un pasado de la expectativa y a un futuro de la escritura, y los signos aprendidos se constituyen en notas de la canción de las ciudades solo en la resonancia entre los tres momentos.

324. Asistencia ventricular mecánica. Experiencia del centro del corazón, berlín (berlin heart institute, alemania

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T. Chávez

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: Sistemas de asistencia ventricular ofrecen la posibilidad de auxiliar o reemplazar por completo un corazón dañado. La mortalidad como consecuencia de cardiomiopatías dilatadas agudas o falla cardíaca por infarto agudo de miocardio ha sido considerablemente reducida mediante la aplicación de estos sistemas de asistencia ventricular.

Incidensen af børnediabetes i Danmark. En prospektiv registrering i Fyns, Ribe, Sønderjyllands og Vejle amter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svendsen, Anders Jørgen; Kreutzfeld, J C; Lund, E B

1997-01-01

been an increase of about 20-25% in the incidence during the last 20 years. Our study stresses the importance of a continuous registration of new cases of childhood diabetes in Denmark, thereby providing clues for further aetiological studies as well as providing reference values for the planning...

Thin-layer chromatography with stationary phase gradient as a method for separation of water-soluble vitamins.

Science.gov (United States)

Cimpoiu, Claudia; Hosu, Anamaria; Puscas, Anitta

2012-02-03

The group of hydrophilic vitamins play an important role in human health, and their lack or excess produces specific diseases. Therefore, the analysis of these compounds is indispensable for monitoring their content in pharmaceuticals and food in order to prevent some human diseases. TLC was successfully applied in the analysis of hydrophilic vitamins, but the most difficult problem in the simultaneous analysis of all these compounds is to find an optimum stationary phase-mobile phase system due to different chemical characteristics of analytes. Unfortunately structural analogues are difficult to separate in one chromatographic run, and this is the case in hydrophilic vitamins investigations. TLC gives the possibility to perform two-dimensional separations by using stationary phase gradient achieving the highest resolution by combining two systems with different selectivity. The goal of this work was to develop a method of analysis enabling separation of hydrophilic vitamins using TLC with adsorbent gradient. The developed method was used for identifying the water-soluble vitamins in alcoholic extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides and of Ribes nigrum. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Description of the first Palaearctic species of Tineobius Ashmead, 1896 with DNA data, a checklist of world species, and nomenclatural changes in Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea

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Lucian Fusu

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Tineobius (Tineobius tamaricis Ribes & Fusu sp. nov. is newly described from Parapodia sinaica (Frauenfeld, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae galls from Catalonia in Spain. This is the first record of the so far Palaeotropical genus Tineobius Ashmead, 1896 in the Palaearctic region. Basic biological data and a DNA barcode are provided for the new species. Parapodia sinaica (the host of T. tamaricis sp. nov. is reported for the first time to form galls on Tamarix canariensis (Willd. A checklist of described world Tineobius species is provided, with nine species formally transferred to Tineobius from Anastatoidea Gahan, 1927 and thirteen species newly assigned to T. (Tineobius. Metapelma seyrigi (Risbec, 1952 is transferred to Tineobius and the replacement name Tineobius (Tineobius madagascariensis nom. nov. is proposed, as the name is preoccupied by Tineobius (Tineobius seyrigi (Ferrière, 1938 comb. nov.; Tineobius (Tineobius albopalpalis (Brues, 1907 comb. nov. is transferred from Charitopus Förster, 1856 (a genus in Encyrtidae. One species is transferred from Anastatoidea to Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 as Eupelmus (Episolindelia ambatomangae (Risbec, 1958 comb. nov.

Polyphenols profile and antioxidant activity of skin and pulp of a rare apple from Marche region (Italy).

Science.gov (United States)

Giomaro, Giovanna; Karioti, Anastasia; Bilia, Anna Rita; Bucchini, Anahi; Giamperi, Laura; Ricci, Donata; Fraternale, Daniele

2014-01-01

Apples are an important source of polyphenols in the human diet and the consumption of this fruit has been linked to the prevention of degenerative diseases. CATECHINS, PROCYANIDINS, HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS, FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES, DIHYDROCHALCONE GLYCOSIDES AND ONE ANTHOCYANIN: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, were identified both in the peel and pulp. Procyanidins, catechins and flavonols represent the main constituents of peel. Concerning the antioxidant activity, in the reduction of the stable DPPH radical and in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the ethanolic extracts of red peel and red pulp showed a good similar activity comparable to ascorbic acid in the DPPH test and about ten times more active than BHT in the lipoxygenase test, and were much more active than aqueous extracts. The ORAC value of red pulp aqueous extract resulted comparable to that of red berries: vaccinium, rubus and ribes, foods appreciated for their health value. This apple contains an appreciable amount of polyphenols also in the flesh; this variety with red flesh can also be useful for researchers engaged in apples varietal innovation in addition to being used as food apple.

Alfred Klaar: berlínské reflexe rodných končin // Alfred Klaar: Berlin Reflections on the Homeland Landscape

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Michal Topor

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of the paper is to develop at least a part of a voice which is still difficult to understand in the Czech language environment, the voice of the others, (ex-rivals, the ‘expelledʼ, and to anchor it in the work and politics of remembering, registering and writing history of one specific author (we are talking about the continuity of perspective: about fidelity to images, local mythology, its logic. For thirty years, Alfred Klaar (born as Karpeles in 1848 in Prague co-established Prague discourse in German language from various positions (as a journalist, theatre critic, representative of various societies, ceremony speaker, associate professor of the local German polytechnic etc.. When he moved to Berlin in July 1899, he was almost fifty-one years old. He left his home (both in the narrow sense of the word, as well as the wider sense of ‘Austrian homeʼ, so important to him, but he always kept the world he had lived in for so long in his mind and preserved many links with it in spite of the geographical distance. He also returned to his homeland on various occasions (funerals and other ceremonies, lectures and he also remained talked about primarily among the Prague German circles; as a piece of memorabilia he was dusted and remembered in stories, and at the same time rightfully seen and honoured as a foreign envoy and speaker of compatriot cultural and political interests. Klaar spoke about Prague, his ‘father townʼ, and the lands near the Prussian border through the history of the German-speaking enclave, while Czechs only occurred sporadically in his retrospect writing. He repeated his thesis about an environment destroyed by ‘Slavic egoismʼ and belligerence, he spoke of the role of the German community in Czech lands as a heroic cultural mission, ungratefully displaced by the dominant policy of Czechisation in the second half of the 19th century, which strived to ‘impress upon the city a unilateral Slavic characterʼ. Only with reluctance did he adapt to the factual geopolitical development — he saw the post-war situation of the German minority in Czechoslovakia as a continuation of unfair marginalisation of his fellow countrymen.

Weitere Texte physiognomischen Inhalts

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Böck, Barbara

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The present article offers the edition of three cuneiform texts belonging to the Akkadian handbook of omens drawn from the physical appearance as well as the morals and behaviour of man. The book comprising up to 27 chapters with more than 100 omens each was entitled in antiquity Alamdimmû. The edition of the three cuneiform tablets completes, thus, the author's monographic study on the ancient Mesopotamian divinatory discipline of physiognomy (Die babylonisch-assyrische Morphoskopie (Wien 2000 [=AfO Beih. 27].

En este artículo se presenta la editio princeps de tres textos cuneiformes conservados en el British Museum (Londres y el Vorderasiatisches Museum (Berlín, que pertenecen al libro asirio-babilonio de presagios fisiognómicos. Este libro, titulado originalmente Alamdimmû ('forma, figura', consta de 27 capítulos, cada uno con más de cien presagios escritos en lengua acadia. Los tres textos completan así el estudio monográfico de la autora sobre la disciplina adivinatoria de la fisiognomía en el antiguo Oriente (Die babylonisch-assyrische Morphoskopie (Wien 2000 [=AfO Beih. 27].

Los pasos perdidos de Ernesto Volkening

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Juan Guillermo Gómez García

1995-09-01

Full Text Available El abogado Renano El abogado Renano -con estudios de derecho en las universidades de Hamburgo, Frankfort, Berlín, Heidelberg y Erlangen- Ernesto Volkening (1908-1983, que había llegado a Colombia en 1934, al iniciarse el primer gobierno de Alfonso López Pumarejo, cumplió durante su larga estancia en el país hasta su muerte un papel que no es difícil calificar de modesto. Pues, si bien no se sumó al carnaval de los profetas de todas las tendencias que empezaron a hacer su agosto ideológico en la profunda crisis que se vivió en los decenios posteriores a su llegada - basta pensar en los poco recomendables Viktor Frankl y Alfredo Trendall- , lo cierto es que Volkening prefirió mantenerse al margen de la formación institucional de la vida académica del país --que fue el caso contrario de su compatriota el notable geógrafo Ernesto Guhl, autor de la obra estándar Colombia: bosquejo de su geografía tropical (1975- y permaneció muy alejado del escenario crítico-cultural que animaría un poco más tarde polémicamente, entre otras, la argentino-colombiana Marta Traba.

Indicadores para la evaluación de repositorios institucionales de acceso abierto

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Rocío Serrano Vicente

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false CA X-NONE X-NONE Después de 10 años de la declaración de Berlín, se ha realizado un estudio para definir unos indicadores de evaluación de repositorios, enfocados a la gestión interna y a la satisfacción de los usuarios. Se considera que no existe una sola forma de evaluar los repositorios, aunque sí se pueden dar unos criterios generales. Se ha realizado una recopilación de la bibliografía que trata sobrecriterios aplicados a la evaluación y análisis de repositorios institucionales y a partir de éstos, se ha establecido una propuesta propia que pueda ser aplicada a los repositorios institucionalescomo modelo potencial de evaluación. Se tendrán en cuenta en esta propuesta los factores que influyen en el rendimiento de los repositorios institucionales referentes a la gestión del repositorio. Como resultado, se proponen una serie de indicadores tecnológicos, de procesos,de marketing y de personal, que colaboren a que el repositorio sea una herramienta útil al usuario final y a la institución.

New approaches for the management of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.

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Altindisli Ferhunde Ozlem

2014-01-01

Full Text Available European Grapevine Moth (EGVM, Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae is the key pest of grape in Turkey. It damages grape berries directly and requires strict control measures producing 3 or 4 generations per year. Since the ‘80s, farmers often preferred chemical control with organophosphorus insecticides against the pest because it is wieldy, very effective and cheap. Tendency to use environmentally friendly pesticides began at the beginning of the nineties because chemicals sprayed next to grape harvest threaten environment and consumer health, causing residue problem in export. Consequently, a bioinsecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis Berl., was put into practice against the pest. Forecasting System timing according to the larvicides against EGVM was reviewed as a result of the registration of an ovicide at the end of nineties. Modifications have been made in standard biological efficacy test method and Forecasting System taking the biological stages of EGVM into account to get optimal results from ovicides. Mating disruption and auto-confusion techniques against EGVM were tested and put into practice for the first time in the Aegean Region to decrease insecticide applications. Since 2005, mating disruption has been gradually preferred by the growers and firms because it is very effective and easy to apply.

Rosellinia necatrix EN Rosa sp. Y SU EVALUACIÓN A SENSIBILIDAD DE FUNGICIDAS

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Rómulo García-Velasco

2012-01-01

evaluaron los fungicidas quintozeno, benomilo, fluazinam y tiofanato metílico, a dosis de 1 g·L-1, 0.6 g·L-1, 0.5 ml·L-1 y 0.6 g·L-1, respectivamente. El hongo asociado a la pudrición blanca de raíz presentó micelio con hinchamientos piriformes antes de la septa; como signos se encontraron cordones miceliales en raíz y cuello de la planta. El hongo fue identificado taxonómicamente como Rosellinia necatrix Prill. (Dematophora necatrix (Hart. Berl.; lo cual fue corroborado mediante análisis molecular. Las cepas T1GRJ, T2GRJ y T3GRJ, de Tenancingo, y las cepas VG1GRJ, VG2GRJ, VG3GRJ y VG4GRJ, de Villa Guerrero, fueron insensibles al fungicida quintozeno, mientras que con los fungicidas benomilo, fluazinam y tiofanato metílico no presentaron crecimiento micelial. La cepa T4GRJ de Tenancingo presentó sensibilidad a todos los fungicidas. La cepa CH1GRJ de Coatepec Harinas, fue insensible a quintozeno y presentó ligero crecimiento con fluazinam; mientras que con benomilo y tiofanato metílico el crecimiento fue nulo.

¿Crisis en la Unión Europea?

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Miguel Martínez

2005-11-01

Full Text Available El proceso de integración europeo por momentos ha avanzado a un ritmo muy rápido y en otros lo ha hecho lentamente o se ha estancado. Los acontecimientos internacionales y la nueva configuración del sistema internacional han obligado a la UE a empezar a jugar un papel importante en la escena internacional fuera del arco de influencia de Estados Unidos, pues a partir de la caída del Muro de Berlín hay intereses europeos que no coinciden con los norteamericanos. Es aquí donde ya es cada vez más difícil hacer coincidir intereses entre los miembros de la UE, hoy veinticinco y mañana veintisiete o veintinueve. La dificultad nace del hecho de que el mercado interior y la zona Euro, con todos sus defectos, son una realidad y los medios económicos para avanzar hacia una unión política ya parecen agotados y sólo cabe avanzar en materia de unión política, tarea mucho más complicada, pues los intereses en este campo no son tan convergentes como en el económico.

Cytoprotective Mechanisms Mediated by Polyphenols from Chilean Native Berries against Free Radical-Induced Damage on AGS Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Ávila, Felipe; Theoduloz, Cristina; López-Alarcón, Camilo; Dorta, Eva; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo

2017-01-01

The prevalence of cytoprotective mechanisms induced by polyphenols such as activation of intracellular antioxidant responses (ICM) and direct free radical scavenging was investigated in native Chilean species of strawberries, raspberries, and currants. Human gastric epithelial cells were co- and preincubated with polyphenolic-enriched extracts (PEEs) from Chilean raspberries ( Rubus geoides ), strawberries ( Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f . chiloensis ), and currants ( Ribes magellanicum ) and challenged with peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Cellular protection was determined in terms of cell viability, glyoxalase I and glutathione s-transferases activities, and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and malondialdehyde levels. Our results indicate that cytoprotection induced by ICM was the prevalent mechanism for Rubus geoides and F. chiloensis . This agreed with increased levels of glyoxalase I and glutathione S-transferase activities in cells preincubated with PEEs. ORAC index indicated that F. chiloensis was the most efficient peroxyl radical scavenger. Moreover, ICM mediated by F. chiloensis was effective in protecting cells from CML accumulation in contrast to the protective effects induced by free radical scavenging. Our results indicate that although both polyphenol-mediated mechanisms can exert protective effects, ICM was the most prevalent in AGS cells. These results suggest a potential use of these native berries as functional food.

Investigation of the bystander effect in MRC5 cells after acute and fractionated irradiation in vitro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soleymanifard, Shokouhozaman; Toossi, Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni; Samani, Roghayeh Kamran; Mohebbi, Shokoufeh

2014-01-01

Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been defined as radiation responses observed in nonirradiated cells. It has been the focus of investigators worldwide due to the deleterious effects it induces in nonirradiated cells. The present study was performed to investigate whether acute or fractionated irradiation will evoke a differential bystander response in MRC5 cells. A normal human cell line (MRC5), and a human lung tumor cell line (QU-DB) were exposed to 0, 1, 2, and 4Gy of single acute or fractionated irradiation of equal fractions with a gap of 6 h. The MRC5 cells were supplemented with the media of irradiated cells and their micronucleus frequency was determined. The micronucleus frequency after single and fractionated irradiation did not vary significantly in the MRC5 cells conditioned with autologous or QU-DB cell-irradiated media, except for 4Gy where the frequency of micronucleated cells was lower in those MRC5 cells cultured in the media of QU-DB-exposed with a single dose of 4Gy. Our study demonstrates that the radiation-induced bystander effect was almost similar after single acute and fractionated exposure in MRC5 cells. (author)

Investigation of the bystander effect in MRC5 cells after acute and fractionated irradiation in vitro

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Shokouhozaman Soleymanifard

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE has been defined as radiation responses observed in nonirradiated cells. It has been the focus of investigators worldwide due to the deleterious effects it induces in nonirradiated cells. The present study was performed to investigate whether acute or fractionated irradiation will evoke a differential bystander response in MRC5 cells. A normal human cell line (MRC5, and a human lung tumor cell line (QU-DB were exposed to 0, 1, 2, and 4Gy of single acute or fractionated irradiation of equal fractions with a gap of 6 h. The MRC5 cells were supplemented with the media of irradiated cells and their micronucleus frequency was determined. The micronucleus frequency after single and fractionated irradiation did not vary significantly in the MRC5 cells conditioned with autologous or QU-DB cell-irradiated media, except for 4Gy where the frequency of micronucleated cells was lower in those MRC5 cells cultured in the media of QU-DB-exposed with a single dose of 4Gy. Our study demonstrates that the radiation-induced bystander effect was almost similar after single acute and fractionated exposure in MRC5 cells.

New, rare or remarkable microfungi in the Italian Alps (Carnic Alps)--part I--ascomycotina.

Science.gov (United States)

Feige, G B; Ale-Agha, N; Jensen, M; Christiaans, B; Kricke, R

2004-01-01

During our observations in the SE part of the Carnic Alps in the year 2003 we were able to collect and identify 35 ascomycetes on trees and dead wood. Among these one can find numerous ascomycetes of different orders e.g. Pyrenomycetes, Loculoascomycetes and Discomycetes. Some species like Botryosphaeria ribis GROSENLUCHER & DUGGAR on Ribes alpinum L., Dothiora pyrenophora (FR.) FR. on Sorbus aucuparia L., Gemmamyces piceae (BORTH.) CASAGO. on Picea excelsa (LAM.) LINK, Glomerella montana (SACC.) v. ARX & E. MULLER on Sesleria caerulea (L.) ARD, Hymenoscyphus immutabilis (Fuck.) Dennis on Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Hysterographium fraxini (PERS. Ex. FR.) de Not. on Fraxinus ornus L., Lachnellula willkommii (Hartig) DENNIS [= Trichascyphella willkommii (Hartig) NANNF.] on Larix decidua MILL.,Leptosphaeria lycopodina (Mont.) SACC. on Lycopodium annotinum L., Mollisia adenostylidis REHM. on Adenostyles glabra (MILL.) DC., Pezicula cinnamomea (DC.)SACC. [ana: Cryptosporiopsis quercina PETRAK] on Quercus robur L., Pyrenopeziza petiolaris (A. & S. Ex FR.) NANNF. on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Tapesia rosae (PERS.) FUCKEL on Rosa canina L., are new for this area. All specimen are deposited in the Herbarium ESS Mycotheca Parva, Collection G.B. Feige/N. Ale-Agha.

Evaluación comparativa en distintas condiciones de un programa de enseñanza de la lectoescritura.

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Aldo Bazán Ramírez

1997-06-01

Full Text Available Se reportan los datos obtenidos en diferentes condiciones didácticas y/o momentos de evaluación de un programa de enseñanza de la lecto-escritura con perspectiva interconductual. La primera condición didáctica evaluada, corresponde a una fase inicial de proyección del programa como apoyo a la actividad del docente (Mares, Plancarte y Rueda, 1994. La segunda evaluación se refiere, a una prueba realizada sobre cuatro programas experimentales diseñadas por Mares y et al., con base en la taxonomía de la conducta elaborada por Ribes y López (1985. Finalmente, la tercera condición evaluada corresponde a una adecuación del programa de lecto-escritura a grupos de 40 niños (Mares, Bazán y Farfán, 1995. En todas las ocasiones la efectividad del programa se midió con base en los aspectos mecánicos y funcionales de la lengua escrita y, se estableció una comparación con otros programas utilizados por un grupo diferente de docentes.

Analysis of Multi Muon Events in the L3 Detector

CERN Document Server

Schmitt, Volker

2000-01-01

The muon density distribution in air showers initiated by osmi parti les is sensitive to the hemi al omposition of osmi rays. The density an be measured via the multipli ity distribution in a nite size dete tor, as it is L3. With a shallow depth of 30 meters under ground, the dete tor provides an ex ellent fa ility to measure a high muon rate, but being shielded from the hadroni and ele troni shower omponent. Subje t of this thesis is the des ription of the L3 Cosmi s experiment (L3+C), whi h is taking data sin e May 1999 and the analysis of muon bundles in the large magneti spe trometer of L3. The new osmi trigger and readout system is brie y des ribed. The in uen e of dierent primaries on the multipli ity distribution has been investigated using Monte Carlo event samples, generated with the CORSIKA program. The simulation results showed that L3+C measures in the region of the \\knee" of the primary spe trum of osmi rays. A new pattern re ognition has been developed and added to the re onstru tion ode, whi h ...

Migration Monitoring of Blackcurrant Gall Mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw. from Buds to Leaves on Several Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L. Cultivars

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Piotrowski Wojciech

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis is the most important pest of blackcurrant crops. Over recent years withdrawal from plant protection programmes of chemical products (endosulfan and amitraz used for the control of this pest in Poland, has led to an observed increase in population numbers. In 2013, fenpiroxymate (Ortus 05 SC became registered for control of this pest. It is deemed best that chemical protection should be used during the migration period; when big gall mites emerge from buds in search of new buds. The studies were carried out in a plantation of blackcurrants during 2011-2013. The assessment of migration of the blackcurrant gall mite was carried out on the cultivars ‘Ben Hope’, ‘Ben Alde’r, ‘Ojeby’n and ‘Ruben’. Every year, from selected cultivars buds were collected. They were then placed on blackcurrant leaves within Petri dishes. After one, three and five days of placing buds on the leaves, the estimated number of eriophyid mites on the leaves was calculated. The data has shown a very useful method for monitoring blackcurrant gall mite, which can be used in calculating the treatment dates for this pest. Also, the data has shown that differences in the periods of migration of the mite are dependent on the cultivar and time of flowering. Among the cultivars observed the least susceptible to colonization by the blackcurrant gall mite was a Polish cultivar ‘Ruben’, while the most susceptible cultivar was ‘Ben Hope’.

Representations of eyeglasses on Gothic winged altars in Austria.

Science.gov (United States)

Daxecker, F

1997-01-01

The oldest representation of eyeglasses in the German-speaking area is found on the altar of Tyrol Castle in the Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck, Tyrol, on an altarpiece depicting the death of the Virgin Mary (1370-1372). Other representations of eyeglasses are found in Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Albrechtsaltar, collegiate collection, death of the Virgin (1439); St. Lorenzen ob Murau, daughter church St. Lorenzen, Styria, Katharinenaltar, Disputation (1455-1460); Pettau (Ptuj), Pokrajinjski Muzej, Slovenia (then belonging to the archbishopric of Salzburg), Conrad Laib, St. Bernardine of Siena with a spectacle case (1460-1465); on two altars by Michael Pacher: Pharisee, Gries near Bolzano (1471-1475), apostle mourning over the death of the Virgin Mary, and St. Luke, St. Wolfgang in Salzkammergut (1481); St. Florian, Upper Austria, collegiate collection, altar of the provost Leonhard Riesenschmid of St. Florian, death of the Virgin (1487); museum of Wilten monastery, Innsbruck, Ludwig Konraiter, St. Ottilie with reading stones and death of the Virgin Mary with reading apostle (1485-1490); Austrian Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Master of Grossgmain, St. Augustine (1498); Austrian Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Master of Mondsee, St. Augustine (1490-1500); Diocesan museum Graz, Styria, altar of Hirschegg, death of the Virgin (1503); Krenstetten, Lower Austria, Stefan-Altar, Disputation (1500-1520); Museum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Matheis Stöberl, Jesus and the scribes with a spectacle case (early 16th century).

The Revitalisation of NATO and European Security

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Nicholas Williams

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Los esfuerzos para construir una Identidad Europea de Seguridad y Defensa (IESDrecibieron un impulso importante tras la experiencia yugoslava, que revitalizó la OTAN y mostró a los países europeos sus limitaciones. Estas se evidenciaron especialmente tras la decisión, adoptada en 1996 en Berlín por los ministros de asuntos exteriores delos países de la Alianza, de construir la IESD dentro del marco OTAN. Williams revisa los futuros retos de la IESD a la luz de la ampliación de la OTAN, el fortalecimiento del Partenariado para la Paz y el Acta Fundacional firmada por Rusia. También repasa la iniciativa de diálogo entre la OTAN y algunos países del Mediterráneo, señalando al menos tres factores que pueden afectar su evolución: el propio mensaje de la OTAN, que indica a la vez la voluntad de cooperar con esos países y la amenaza que representala proliferación de armas de destrucción masiva en el Mediterráneo; la apariencia de que la OTAN está construyendo estructuras militares en su flanco sur; y la evidente triplicidad entre la UEO, la UE y la OTAN en el debate sobre acuerdos de seguridad en el Mediterráneo.

The Journal of A. v. Humboldt in Spain

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Leitner, Ulrike

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The Spanish diary can surprisingly not be found in his bounded diaries from his American travels, but in a separate folder of his legacy in Berlin, where Humboldt collected material which he wanted to use for his publication about Spain. So it remained undiscovered until recently. Humboldt’s notes contain geognostic descriptions as well as his observations about climate, vegetation, electricity of the atmosphere, etc. The comparison with Humboldt’s publication of 1825 facilitates to gain insight into his scientific methods.

El diario español de Humboldt se encuentra sorprendentemente en una carpeta de su legado en Berlín, donde el mismo recopiló los materiales para su publicación sobre la meseta española en la revista Hertha, y no en sus diarios encuadernados del viaje americano. Esto explica que no se hubieran descubierto hasta hace poco tiempo. El manuscrito contiene descripciones geognósticas, observaciones sobre el clima, la vegetación, la electricidad de la atmósfera, etc. La comparación con lo publicado de Humboldt en 1825 sobre la meseta española que realizamos en las notas de esta edición facilitará al lector una aproximación a los métodos cientificos típicos de Humboldt.

Development of a Chinese medicine pattern severity index for understanding eating disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogarty, Sarah; Harris, David; Zaslawski, Chris; McAinch, Andrew J; Stojanovska, Lily

2012-06-01

Eating disorders commonly affect young girls and women. Four eating disorders are analyzed in this study: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS), and binge eating disorder (BED). Eating disorders are a modern concept and as such there is no critically appraised research on how Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) conceptualizes of or treats eating disorders. The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the TCM patterns relevant to eating disorders based on a systematic evaluation of the results of a self-reported questionnaire. One hundred and ninety-six (196) female participants (142 with a self-reported eating disorder and 54 with no eating disorder) completed an online survey, designed to collect data on their current general health and, where relevant, their eating disorder. The Berle methodology was used to identify TCM patterns involved in eating disorders to tabulate and score the number of signs and symptoms experienced by the participants. For many of the TCM patterns, statistically significant differences were found between presentation severity across the four eating disorders. For the first time, there is evidence-based research to classify the TCM patterns involved in AN, BN, EDNOS, and BED. Evidence is given to support the anecdotal theories of TCM patterns involved in eating disorder presentation. These results have relevance on how eating disorders are treated and viewed by TCM practitioners.

Uruguay y Alemania: negocios y negociaciones de la década del treinta

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María Magdalena Camou

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En las vísperas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en el marco del cerramiento de la economía como consecuencia de la crisis mundial de 1929, las relaciones económicas y comerciales entre Alemania y Uruguay se intensificaban a través de un mecanismo complejo y poco transparente de trueque. El relevamiento de las estadísticas de comercio exterior alemanas y uruguayas, y de la correspondencia diplomática permiten analizar las dimensiones y características del intercambio económico entre ambos países. El enfoque desde estas fuentes constituye una aproximación inédita para la historiografía a un tema que no ha sido abordado sistemáticamente pero que generó en aquel momento –y aún genera– muchas interrogantes. Las fuentes consultadas fueron diversos archivos históricos alemanes y la biblioteca del Instituto Ibero-Americano de Berlín. Lamentablemente la documentación de la cancillería uruguaya es muy escasa. La documentación alemana es mucho más abundante pero no completa debido a la destrucción voluntaria o involuntaria que sufrieron los documentos en el derrumbamiento del Tercer Reich. Todos los documentos alemanes utilizados en esta investigación fueron traducidos por la autora.

LA INSERCIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE ARGENTINA. DEPENDENCIA Y CRISIS ECONÓMICA: DESAFÍOS DE LA INTEGRACIÓN

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Beatriz Carolina Crisorio

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Frente al gran reto del momento, los países de América Latina y el Caribe están impulsando diferentes propuestas de integración regional. Para comprender qué fuerzas se conjugan en Argentina para que se acerque a proyectos tan diversos como MERCOSUR o el Banco del Sur, es necesario tomar en cuenta los distintos elementos que han influido en su devenir histórico. En tal sentido hay que considerar los cambios económicos y políticos ocurridos en el escenario internacional a partir de la caída del Muro de Berlín. Del mismo modo, es necesario analizar los distintos sectores económico-sociales que han podido influir en el proceso de toma de decisiones, o bien aquellos sectores subordinados que sufrieron sucesivas políticas económicas de orientación neoliberal desde los años setenta. El desafío es avanzar en la construcción de un modelo de crecimiento autosustentado, que no olvide la redistribución de la riqueza y que apoyándose en el impulso regional intente reducir el problema de la dependencia económica -en especial la deuda externa- política, y fortalezca la democracia participativa y cultural.

Terracotas de Calés en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid

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J. M. BLÁZQUEZ

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid exhibe entre sus magníficas colecciones una compuesta de numerosas terracotas traídas de Calés en el siglo pasado por el Marqués de Salamanca que nos hemos propuesto estudiar y a la que hemos dedicado varios trabajos ya. Colecciones similares se conservan en los museos de Lecce, Capua, Louvre, Leide, British Museum, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Villa Giulia, Nacionale Romano, Ny Carbsberg Glyptothek, Museo Universitario de Zurich, Museum für antike Kleinkunst de Munich, y Vaticano, en su mayoría inéditas. Todas estas terracotas plantean sugestivos y fundamentales problemas a los estudiosos del arte antiguo, que han sido señalados por Bianchi-Bandinelli con motivo del estudio y publicación de una terracota del Museo de Berlín. Bianchi-Bandinelli ha indicado alguna de las principales características del arte itálico de este momento, cual es su gusto moderno, su impresionismo e ilusionismo. En Italia en el periodo helenístico o época a la que pertenecen todas estas terracotas, existía una gran Koiné artística que abrazaba por lo menos Lacio, Campania y Etruria. Otros investigadores han estudiado algunas de estas terracotas,como G. Kaschnitz-Weinberg, Pesce, Mingazzini, Vessberg, R. Mengarelli, etc.

Monotowns: A Quantitative Analysis

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Shastitko Andrei

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The authors propose an empirical analysis of the current situation in monotowns. The study questions the perceived seriousness of the ‘monotown problem’ as well as the actual challenges it presents. The authors use a cluster analysis to divide monotowns into groups for further structural comparison. The structural differences in the available databases limit the possibilities of empirical analysis. Hence, alternative approaches are required. The authors consider possible reasons for the limitations identified. Special attention is paid to the monotowns that were granted the status of advanced development territories. A comparative analysis makes it possible to study their general characteristics and socioeconomic indicators. The authors apply the theory of opportunistic behaviour to describe potential problems caused by the lack of unified criteria for granting monotowns the status of advanced development territories. The article identifies the main stakeholders and the character of their interaction; it desc ribes a conceptual model built on the principal/agent interactions, and identifies the parametric space of mutually beneficial cooperation. The solution to the principal/agent problem suggested in the article contributes to the development of an alternative approach to the current situation and a rational approach to overcoming the ‘monotown problem’.

Cytoprotective Mechanisms Mediated by Polyphenols from Chilean Native Berries against Free Radical-Induced Damage on AGS Cells

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Felipe Ávila

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The prevalence of cytoprotective mechanisms induced by polyphenols such as activation of intracellular antioxidant responses (ICM and direct free radical scavenging was investigated in native Chilean species of strawberries, raspberries, and currants. Human gastric epithelial cells were co- and preincubated with polyphenolic-enriched extracts (PEEs from Chilean raspberries (Rubus geoides, strawberries (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. chiloensis, and currants (Ribes magellanicum and challenged with peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Cellular protection was determined in terms of cell viability, glyoxalase I and glutathione s-transferases activities, and carboxymethyl lysine (CML and malondialdehyde levels. Our results indicate that cytoprotection induced by ICM was the prevalent mechanism for Rubus geoides and F. chiloensis. This agreed with increased levels of glyoxalase I and glutathione S-transferase activities in cells preincubated with PEEs. ORAC index indicated that F. chiloensis was the most efficient peroxyl radical scavenger. Moreover, ICM mediated by F. chiloensis was effective in protecting cells from CML accumulation in contrast to the protective effects induced by free radical scavenging. Our results indicate that although both polyphenol-mediated mechanisms can exert protective effects, ICM was the most prevalent in AGS cells. These results suggest a potential use of these native berries as functional food.

MicroRNA Expression Profiling Altered by Variant Dosage of Radiation Exposure

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Kuei-Fang Lee

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Various biological effects are associated with radiation exposure. Irradiated cells may elevate the risk for genetic instability, mutation, and cancer under low levels of radiation exposure, in addition to being able to extend the postradiation side effects in normal tissues. Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE is the focus of rigorous research as it may promote the development of cancer even at low radiation doses. Alterations in the DNA sequence could not explain these biological effects of radiation and it is thought that epigenetics factors may be involved. Indeed, some microRNAs (or miRNAs have been found to correlate radiation-induced damages and may be potential biomarkers for the various biological effects caused by different levels of radiation exposure. However, the regulatory role that miRNA plays in this aspect remains elusive. In this study, we profiled the expression changes in miRNA under fractionated radiation exposure in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. By utilizing publicly available microRNA knowledge bases and performing cross validations with our previous gene expression profiling under the same radiation condition, we identified various miRNA-gene interactions specific to different doses of radiation treatment, providing new insights for the molecular underpinnings of radiation injury.

The History of Tree and Shrub Taxa on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago since the Last Interglacial Uncovered by Sedimentary Ancient DNA and Pollen Data

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Heike H. Zimmermann

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Ecosystem boundaries, such as the Arctic-Boreal treeline, are strongly coupled with climate and were spatially highly dynamic during past glacial-interglacial cycles. Only a few studies cover vegetation changes since the last interglacial, as most of the former landscapes are inundated and difficult to access. Using pollen analysis and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA metabarcoding, we reveal vegetation changes on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island since the last interglacial from permafrost sediments. Last interglacial samples depict high levels of floral diversity with the presence of trees (Larix, Picea, Populus and shrubs (Alnus, Betula, Ribes, Cornus, Saliceae on the currently treeless island. After the Last Glacial Maximum, Larix re-colonised the island but disappeared along with most shrub taxa. This was probably caused by Holocene sea-level rise, which led to increased oceanic conditions on the island. Additionally, we applied two newly developed larch-specific chloroplast markers to evaluate their potential for tracking past population dynamics from environmental samples. The novel markers were successfully re-sequenced and exhibited two variants of each marker in last interglacial samples. SedaDNA can track vegetation changes as well as genetic changes across geographic space through time and can improve our understanding of past processes that shape modern patterns.

Importancia de la Pedagogía Social en la formación profesional de jóvenes socialmente desfavorecidos en Berlín (Alemania

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Mónica Drebing Ruiz Holst

1996-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la situacion de j6venes que estan en para o amenazados por este, asi como la importancia de la Pedagogia Social en la formación profesional de jóvenes socialmente desfavorecidos en Alemania, concretamente en Berlin. Como en otros parses industriales del oeste, la Republica Federal Alemana anota un número considerable de parados a raiz de la crisis de 1974/75 en los años 80. El número de parados ascendio a casi 2,5 millones en enero de 1983. En el misrno afio en Berlin Oeste 88 7 I9 mujcres y hombres adultos estuvieron en pam con una tasa de 11,I%. Los jovenes menores de 20 aiios alcanzaron una tasa de pam de 16,4% con 6 321 j6venes. Al considerar las estadfsticas de estos juveniles, se pucdc constatar que la mayorfa de ellos no recibieran una formaci6n profesional. A consecuencia de esta situacion extremadamente negativa para los j6venes en cuestion, la Prestacion Juvenil estatal (staatliche Jugendhil[e intenta seguir un nuevo camino al ofrecer fuera del ambito de los hogares juveniles, plazas para la formaci6n profesional con un componente socio-pedag6gico. Esto es el caso del Modelo Experimental (Modellversuch que se cre6 en Berlin Oeste en 1979. Par ultimo, se trata de reflejar la situacion actual del para y de la formación profesional para jovenes socialmente desfavorecidos en Berlin. 

Tendencias recientes en los estudios de usuarios: investigación acción y métodos cualitativos Recent trends in user studies: action research and qualitative methods

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T. D. Wilson

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo fue encargado por el profesor Gernot Wersig de la Freie Universität de Berlín en 1980, como parte de su proyecto, Methodeninstrumentarium zur Benutzforschung in Information und Dokumentation. Intenta explicar lo que era, en esa época, una perspectiva nueva sobre metodologías apropiadas para el estudio de la conducta humana de búsqueda de la información, centrándose en los métodos cualitativos y la investigación acción, argumentando que la aplicación de la investigación en información depende de su adopción en los procesos administrativos de las organizaciones, antes que en su relación auto-evidente con cualquier cuerpo de teoría. Se presenta ahora tal como fuera originalmente escrito, con las figuras re-elaboradas.This paper was commissioned by Professor Gernot Wersig of the Freie Universität, Berlin in 1980, as part of his Project, Methodeninstrumentarium zur Benutzforschung in Information und Dokumentation. It attempted to set out what was, for the time, a novel perspective on appropriate methodologies for the study of human information seeking behaviour, focusing on qualitative methods and action research, arguing that the application of information research depended upon its adoption into the managerial processes of organizations, rather than its self-evident relationship to any body of theory. It is presented here as it was originally written, with the figures re-drawn.

1989, un caso de historia inmediata 20 años después. Hacia una reconstrucción del cuádruple efecto perverso producido por Jaruzelski, Gorbachov, Kohl y Obama

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Carlos Ortiz de Landázuri

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizan cuatro interpretaciones actuales de la caída del muro de Berlín en 1989, en las que se reflexiona sobre el doble uso que Francis Fukuyama y Erik J. Hobsbawm hicieron de esta fecha de corte, según la concibieran como el fin de la historia en sentido liberal o el término de un siglo corto donde tuvo lugar la autodisolución del comunismo. Pero simultáneamente también se reconstruye el cuádruple efecto perverso que incluso hoy día siguen teniendo las distintas estrategias seguidas entonces por Jaruzelski, Gorbachov, Kohl y Obama para tratar de encauzar el conflicto generado por los sucesos de 1989.Palabras clave: fin de la historia, siglo corto, efecto perverso, comunismo, liberalismo.___________________________Abstract: They analyse four current interpretations of the fall of the wall of Berlin in 1989, in which it considers the double use that Francis Fukuyama and Erik J. Hobsbawm did of this date of cut, as they conceived it like the end of the history in liberal sense or the term of a short century where took place the dissolution of the communism. But simultaneously also it reconstructs the four perverse effect that even today day follow having the distinct strategies entered then by Jaruzelski, Gorbachov, Kohl and Obama to treat to pipe the conflict generated by the events of 1989.Keywords: end of history, short century, perverse effect, communism, liberalism.

Sabiduría epicúrea y Psicología

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Vicente Pelechano

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el marco teórico, la lógica de elaboración y primeros datos de validación de un cuestionario de sabiduría epicúrea (EPI-1 que ha sido cumplimentado por dos muestras de 473 y 266 adultos, con un predominio de mujeres. Además, se han cumplimentado el cuestionario NEO-PI-R de Costa y McCrae de los cinco grandes y dos escalas conectadas teóricamente con concepciones de sabiduría: una de prudencia y otra de intolerancia a la ambigüedad. Los resultados sugieren que, aunque sin una consistencia alta, se pueden rastrear en nuestros días los elementos básicos de la sabiduría epicúrea que se mezclan con otros de corte más funcional. Las relaciones con los cinco grandes así como con prudencia interpersonal e intolerancia de la ambigüedad demuestran que la sabiduría epicúrea no puede identificarse con ninguna de estas dimensiones, aunque guarda relaciones tenues con neuroticismo, apertura a la experiencia e intolerancia de la ambigüedad; asimismo se presenta como independiente de “prudencia” operacionalizada mediante refranes, que representa más bien estrategias de “supervivencia interpersonal”. Los resultados alcanzados se discuten dentro de un modelo de sabiduría alternativo al del grupo de Baltes en Berlín.

[Radiation-induced bystander effect: the important part of ionizing radiation response. Potential clinical implications].

Science.gov (United States)

Wideł, Maria; Przybyszewski, Waldemar; Rzeszowska-Wolny, Joanna

2009-08-18

It has long been a central radiobiological dogma that the damaging effects of ionizing radiation, such as cell death, cytogenetic changes, apoptosis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, are the results of the direct ionization of cell structures, particularly DNA, or indirect damage via water radiolysis products. However, several years ago attention turned to a third mechanism of radiation, termed the "bystander effect" or "radiation-induced bystander effect" (RIBE). This is induced by agents and signals emitted by directly irradiated cells and manifests as a lowering of survival, cytogenetic damage, apoptosis enhancement, and biochemical changes in neighboring non-irradiated cells. The bystander effect is mainly observed in in vitro experiments using very low doses of alpha particles (range; mGy, cGy), but also after conventional irradiation (X-rays, gamma rays) at low as well as conventional doses. The mechanisms responsible for the bystander effect are complex and still poorly understood. It is believed that molecular signals released from irradiated cells induce different signaling ways in non-irradiated neighboring cells, leading to the observed events. The molecular signals may be transmitted through gap junction intercellular communication and through a medium transfer mechanism. The nature of these transmitted factors are diverse, and still not definitely established. It seems that RIBE may have important clinical implications for health risk associated with radiation exposure. Potentially, this effect may have important implications in the creation of whole-body or localized side effects in tissues beyond the irradiation field and also in low-dose radiological and radioisotope diagnostics. Factors emitted by irradiated cells may result in the risk of genetic instability, mutations, and second primary cancer induction. They might also have their own part in inducing and extending post-radiation side effects in normal tissue. The bystander effect may be a

Radiation-induced bystander effect: The important part of ionizing radiation response. Potential clinical implications

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Maria Wideł

2009-08-01

Full Text Available It has long been a central radiobiological dogma that the damaging effects of ionizing radiation, such as cell death, cytogenetic changes, apoptosis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, are the results of the direct ionization of cell structures, particularly DNA, or indirect damage via water radiolysis products. However, several years ago attention turned to a third mechanism of radiation, termed the “bystander effect” or “radiation-induced bystander effect” (RIBE. This is induced by agents and signals emitted by directly irradiated cells and manifests as a lowering of survival, cytogenetic damage, apoptosis enhancement, and biochemical changes in neighboring non-irradiated cells. The bystander effect is mainly observed in in vitro experiments using very low doses of alpha particles (range; mGy, cGy, but also after conventional irradiation (X-rays, gamma rays at low as well as conventional doses. The mechanisms responsible for the bystander effect are complex and still poorly understood. It is believed that molecular signals released from irradiated cells induce different signaling ways in non-irradiated neighboring cells, leading to the observed events. The molecular signals may be transmitted through gap junction intercellular communication and through a medium transfer mechanism. The nature of these transmitted factors are diverse, and still not defi nitely established. It seems that RIBE may have important clinical implications for health risk associated with radiation exposure. Potentially, this effectmay have important implications in the creation of whole-body or localized side effects in tissues beyond the irradiation fi eld and also in low-dose radiological and radioisotope diagnostics. Factors emitted by irradiated cells may result in the risk of genetic instability, mutations, and second primary cancer induction. They might also have their own part in inducing and extending post-radiation side effects in normal tissue. The

Enquêter sur la « diversité » à Berlin. Le cas de l’inspecteur Bobkowski

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Barbara Thériault

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Comment traiter de diversité dans une organisation qui est réputée y être hostile ? Se réglant sur une démarche wébérienne, je présente dans cet article un cas, celui du commissaire Klaus Bobkowski, un enseignant responsable de la section « éducation politique » à l’Académie de police de Berlin et historien amateur. En considérant ce cas, ainsi que d’autres efforts pour composer avec la différence sous la République de Weimar (1918-1933 que j’ai enregistrés durant mon travail de terrain, je tente de faire saillir les motifs qui sous-tendent l’action des commissaires ayant contribué à la reconnaissance et à la promotion de la différence au sein des services policiers en Allemagne depuis les années 1990. En enquêtant sur ces motifs d’action, je suis en mesure de construire un idéaltype d’un « porteur de la diversité », qu’on peut lier, comme je le soutiens, à un programme libéral d’égalité civique.Investigate the “diversity” in Berlin. The case of the Inspector BobkowskiHow can one consider diversity in an organisation having a reputation for being against it? Following a weberian perspective, I present in this article such a case, that of Inspector Bobkowski, a teacher in charge of the “political education” section of the “Police Academy” of Berlin and amateur historian. In considering this case, along with other efforts to take differences into account during the Weimar Republic (1918-1933 that I recorded during my field work, I attempt to bring out the motifs which underline those actions of the police inspectors that contributed to the recognition and to the promotion of difference within the police services in Germany since the 1990s. By investigating these motifs of action, I am able to construct an ideal type of a “diversity messenger” that one can link, as I argue, to a liberal program of civic equality.Hacer encuestas en Berlín sobre la «diversidad». El caso del

An interview with W. N. Schoenfeld (july 22, 1990).

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Ribes-Iñesta, E

1999-01-01

This article is a transcription of an interview with William N. Schoenfeld made in 1990. William N. Schoenfeld (1915-1996) is one of the outstanding contributors to the initial stages of the experimental analysis of behavior. After graduating from Columbia University, Schoenfeld wrote, in collaboration with Fred S. Keller, what was at that time the most significant book introducing, and updating, the seminal contributions of B. F. Skinner and other behavioral psychologists: Principles of Psychology (1950). Schoenfeld was also instrumental in the design of a psychology course at Columbia University based on the integration of theory and laboratory work, as well as in the foundation of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior in 1958. In 1968 Schoenfeld moved to the Queens College of the City University of New York, where he developed a doctoral program based in the research of stimulus schedules (T system), the analysis of conceptual and theoretical problems in operant conditioning, and the study of respondent and operant interactions under pharmacological agents. After his retirement from Queens College, Schoenfeld taught at Bar-Ilan University and the Hebrew University in Israel. The interview forms part of a research project on the experimental analysis of scientific behavior (Ribes, 1994), which also included two other distinguished and original contributors of the experimental analysis of behavior, B. F. Skinner and R. J. Herrnstein.

Ozone air pollution and foliar injury development on native plants of Switzerland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novak, Kristopher; Skelly, John M.; Schaub, Marcus; Kraeuchi, Norbert; Hug, Christian; Landolt, Werner; Bleuler, Peter

2003-01-01

Visible ozone-induced foliar injury on native forest species of Switzerland was identified and confirmed under ambient OTC-conditions and related to the current European AOT40 standard. - The objectives of this study were to examine the foliar sensitivity to ozone exposure of 12 tree, shrub, and herbaceous species native to southern Switzerland and determine the seasonal cumulative ozone exposures required to induce visible foliar injury. The study was conducted from the beginning of May through the end of August during 2000 and 2001 using an open-top chamber research facility located within the Lattecaldo Cantonal Forest Nursery in Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland (600 m asl). Plants were examined daily and dates of initial foliar injury were recorded in order to determine the cumulative AOT40 ppb h ozone exposure required to cause visible foliar injury. Plant responses to ozone varied significantly among species; 11 species exhibited visible symptoms typical of exposures to ambient ozone. The symptomatic species (from most to least sensitive) were Populus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Salix alba, Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum opulus, Tilia platyphyllos, Cornus alba, Prunus avium, Fraxinus excelsior, Ribes alpinum, and Tilia cordata; Clematis spp. did not show foliar symptoms. Of the 11 symptomatic species, five showed initial injury below the critical level AOT40 10 ppmh O 3 in the 2001 season

Antioxidant status, lipoprotein profile and liver lipids in rats fed on high-cholesterol diet containing currant oil rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Vecera, R; Skottová, N; Vána, P; Kazdová, L; Chmela, Z; Svagera, Z; Walterá, D; Ulrichová, J; Simánek, V

2003-01-01

Plant-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess a prospective antiatherogenic potential. Currant oil from Ribes nigrum L. is one of the few plant oils containing PUFAn-3 (15.3 mol%) in addition to PUFAn-6 (60.5 mol%). This study was aimed at comparing the effects of currant oil with those of lard fat, rich in saturated (43.8 mol%) and monounsaturated (47.0 mol%) fatty acids, on antioxidant parameters, the lipoprotein profile and liver lipids in rats fed on 1 % (w/w) cholesterol diets containing either 10 % of currant oil (COD) or lard fat (LFD). After 3 weeks of feeding, the COD induced a significant decrease in blood glutathione (GSH) and an increase in Cu(2+) induced oxidizability of serum lipids, but did not affect liver GSH and t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipoperoxidation of liver microsomes. Although the COD did not cause accumulation of liver triacylglycerols as LFD, the lipoprotein profile (VLDL, LDL, HDL) was not significantly improved after COD. The consumption of PUFAn-3 was reflected in LDL as an increase in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. These results suggest that currant oil affects positively the lipid metabolism in the liver, above all it does not cause the development of a fatty liver. However, adverse effects of currant oil on the antioxidant status in the blood still remain of concern.

Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increase the Levels of Collagen, Elastin, and Hyaluronic Acid in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Ovariectomized Rats

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Naoki Nanashima

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L. contain high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health, owing to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances with estrogenic activity, which could have beneficial effects on the skin. Estradiol secretion decreases during menopause, reducing extracellular matrix (ECM component production by skin fibroblasts. Using a normal human female skin fibroblast cell line (TIG113 and ovariectomized rats, the present study investigated whether an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE and four blackcurrant anthocyanins have novel phytoestrogenic activities that could benefit the skin in menopausal women. In TIG113 cells, a microarray and the Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that 1.0 μg/mL of BCE upregulated the expression of many estrogen signaling-related genes. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that BCE (1.0 or 10.0 μg/mL and four types of anthocyanins (10 μM altered the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and enzymes involved in ECM turnover. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the anthocyanins stimulated the expression of ECM proteins, such as collagen (types I and III and elastin. Dietary administration of 3% BCE to ovariectomized rats for 3 months increased skin levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This is the first study to show that blackcurrant phytoestrogens have beneficial effects on skin experimental models.

Cine e identidades virtuales

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Labrador Ben, Julia María

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The subject is the ability the cinema has performed - since its very begining - as a creation instrument of national and transnational identities. In the first place, it covers Spanish cinema since 1938 and right after the end of the Spanish Civil War, II World War Italian-German cinema, Eisenstein’s, Leni Riefenstahl’s, Griffth’s and Ford’s cinema, the role American war and science fiction productions played, as well as the comedies dealing with the divided Berlin subject. The role of computers and video-games and the new cinema positionings that forecast the end of what is real, is studied through films such as Tron, The Lawnmower Man, Johnny Mnemonic, Ghost in the shell, Simone o Matrix.Se estudia la capacidad del cine desde sus orígenes como instrumento de generación de identidades nacionales y transnacionales. Se realiza, en primer lugar, un recorrido por el cine español desde 1938 y tras el final de la guerra civil, el cine italo-alemán de la II Guerra Mundial, el cine de Eisenstein, Leni Riefenstahl, Griffth y Ford, y el papel que jugaron las producciones norteamericanas bélicas y de ciencia ficción, así como las comedias sobre el Berlín dividido. El papel de los ordenadores y los videojuegos, y los nuevos planteamientos cinematográficos que pronostican el final de lo real se estudia a través de películas como Tron, El cortador de césped, Johnny Mnemonic, Ghost in the shell, Simone o Matrix.

Un instrumento de los intereses nacionalsocialistas durante la Guerra Civil española: el papel de la Sociedad Germano-Española de Berlín

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Marició Janué i Miret

2014-06-01

In this article we analyze how the German-Spanish Society of Berlin, founded to promote the cultural exchange between Germany and Spain, during de Spanish Civil War subjected its activities to the interests of the national socialist authorities. The Society used a variety of means trying to attract the falangist circles sensible to the cause of national socialism, and it acted as a mediator between these circles and the national socialist state and party authorities in Germany.

L’herbari de l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona com una eina per la conservació dels tàxons endèmics i amenaçats de Catalunya

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Gavioli, L.

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The herbarium of the Botanic Institute of Barcelona (BC is the largest collection of plants of Catalonia and the second of Spain due to its volume, and it is representative of the flora of the western Mediterranean region. It includes, apart from the general collection, other historical collections (from 17th to early 20th century. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate if the endemic and threatened taxa of Catalonia are represented in the herbarium. We also provide chronological and geographical information of herborization intensity, as well as altitudinal, chorological, chronological, phenological and over-collection risk new data. We analyzed the general collection and part of informatized historical herbaria (Cadevall, Hieraciotheca Gallica et Hispanica, Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, Salvador, Societat Botànica Barcelonesa and Trèmols [volumes I-XXI]. Specimens collected from Catalonia have been found to represent 82.24% of the 304 endemic and threatened taxa. The areas with more herborization pressure were Ribes Valley, Montserrat, Port Massif, Cardó Mountains, Montseny and Montsec Mountains. The new chorological data provided expands the distribution of Berberis vulgaris L. subsp. seroi O. Bolòs & Vigo and Stachys maritima Gouan. New altitudinal and phenological data are provided for nine and 40 taxa, respectively.

El herbario del Instituto Botánico de Barcelona (BC es la colección de plantas más importante de Cataluña y la segunda de España y es representativo de la flora de la región mediterránea occidental. Incluye la colección general y otras colecciones históricas (desde el siglo XVII hasta principios del XX. Los objetivos principales de este trabajo han sido evaluar la representatividad de los táxones endémicos y amenazados de Cataluña en el herbario así como aportar información de tipo cronológico y geográfico de intensidad de recolección y

Production and characterization of distilled alcoholic beverages obtained by solid-state fermentation of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.).

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Alonso González, Elisa; Torrado Agrasar, Ana; Pastrana Castro, Lorenzo M; Orriols Fernández, Ignacio; Pérez Guerra, Nelson

2010-02-24

The present study was conducted to appraise the potential of black mulberry and black currant to be used as fermentation substrates for producing alcoholic beverages obtained by distillation of the fruits previously fermented with Sacchromyces cerevisiae IFI83. In the two distillates obtained, the volatile compounds that can pose health hazards are within the limits of acceptability fixed by the European Council (Regulation 110/2008) for fruit spirits. However, the amount of volatile substances in the black currant distillate (121.1 g/hL absolute alcohol (aa)) was lower than the minimum limit (200 g/hL aa) fixed by the aforementioned regulation. The mean volatile composition of both distillates was different from other alcoholic beverages such as four commercial Galician orujo spirits, Portuguese bagaceiras, and two distillates obtained from fermented whey and blackberry. The results obtained showed the feasibility for obtaining distillates from fermented black mulberry and black currant, which have their own distinctive characteristics.

Suspeita de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono definida pelo Questionário de Berlim prediz eventos em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda Sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño definida por el cuestionario de Berlín predice eventos en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo Suspicion of Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Berlin Questionnaire predicts events in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

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Eryca Vanessa S. de Jesus

2010-09-01

extras a la homeostasis cardiovascular en la presencia del síndrome coronario aguda (SCA OBJETIVO: Investigar si un diagnóstico clínico estandarizado de SAOS, en pacientes con SCA, predice el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares durante la hospitalización. MÉTODOS: En un estudio de cohorte prospectivo, un grupo de 200 pacientes con diagnóstico de SCA elecido entre Septiembre de 2005 y Noviembre de 2007, fueron estratificados por el Cuestionario de Berlín (CB para el riesgo de SAOS (alto o bajo riesgo. Se probó si el subgrupo de alto riesgo para SAOS presenta mayor tendencia a eventos cardiovasculares. El endpoint primario evaluado fue un desenlace conformado por muerte cardiovascular, eventos cardíacos isquémicos recurrentes, edema pulmonar agudo y accidente vascular cerebral durante la hospitalización. RESULTADOS: Noventa y cuatro (47% de los pacientes identificados por el CB presentaban sospecha de SAOS. Alto riesgo para SAOS estaba asociado con una mortalidad más elevada, aunque sin diferencia estadística (4,25% vs 0,94%; p=0,189, pero con una estadísticamente significativa mayor incidencia de desenlace conformada por eventos cardiovasculares (18,08% vs 6,6%; p=0,016. En el modelo de regresión logística, los predictores multivariados de desenlace conformado por eventos cardiovasculares fueron edad (OR= 1,048; IC95%: 1,008 a 1,090; p=0,019, fracción de eyección del VI (OR= 0,954; IC95%: 0,920 a 0,989; p=0,010, y riesgo más elevado de SAOS (OR= 3,657; IC95%: 1,216 a 10,996; p=0,021. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de un cuestionario sencillo y validado (CB para identificar a pacientes con riesgo más elevado de SAOS puede ayudar a prever el desenlace cardiovascular durante la hospitalización. Además de ello, nuestros datos sugieren que SAOS es mucho común en pacientes con SCA.BACKGROUND: From a mechanistic standpoint, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA may further disturb cardiovascular homeostasis in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS. OBJECTIVE: We sought

Role of ROS-mediated autophagy in radiation-induced bystander effect of hepatoma cells.

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Wang, Xiangdong; Zhang, Jianghong; Fu, Jiamei; Wang, Juan; Ye, Shuang; Liu, Weili; Shao, Chunlin

2015-05-01

Autophagy plays a crucial role in cellular response to ionizing radiation, but it is unclear whether autophagy can modulate radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Here, we investigated the relationship between bystander damage and autophagy in human hepatoma cells of HepG2. HepG2 cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) collected from 3 Gy γ-rays irradiated hepatoma HepG2 cells for 4, 12, or 24 h, followed by the measurement of micronuclei (MN), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 in the bystander HepG2 cells. In some experiments, the bystander HepG2 cells were respectively transfected with LC3 small interfering RNA (siRNA), Beclin-1 siRNA or treated with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Additional MN and mitochondrial dysfunction coupled with ROS were induced in the bystander cells. The expressions of protein markers of autophagy, LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1, increased in the bystander cells. The inductions of bystander MN and overexpressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were significantly diminished by DMSO. However, when the bystander cells were transfected with LC3 siRNA or Beclin-1 siRNA, the yield of bystander MN was significantly enhanced. The elevated ROS have bi-functions in balancing the bystander effects. One is to cause MN and the other is to induce protective autophagy.

Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α by Medicinal Plants in Relation to Their Phenolic Content

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Eva Arnold

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The cytosolic phospholipase A2α(cPLA2α is one of the potential targets for anti-inflammatory drugs, since this enzyme plays a key role in the inflammation processes seen in health disorders, like asthma, allergic reactions, arthritis and neuronal diseases. In this study, cPLA2α inhibition by 43 methanol extracts from medicinal plants rich in polyphenols was determined. The eight most active extracts were derived from Ribes nigrum (IC50 of 27.7 μg/mL, Ononis spinosa (IC50 of 39.4 μg/mL, Urtica dioica (IC50 of 44.32 μg/mL, Betula sp. (IC50 of 58.02 μg/mL, Sanguisorba officinalis (IC50 of 76.25 μg/mL, Orthosiphon stamineus (IC50 of 78.83 μg/mL, Petasites hybridus (IC50 of 81.02 μg/mL and Tussilago farfara (IC50 of 123.28 μg/mL. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay and their phenolic content with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity showed a non-linear, positive correlation to the phenolic content, but no correlation of PLA2 inhibition with phenolic content could be established. This study provides evidence that cPLA2α may be a relevant target for anti-inflammatory agents.

Ion-beam nanopatterning: experimental results with chemically-assisted beam

Science.gov (United States)

Pochon, Sebastien C. R.

2018-03-01

The need for forming gratings (for example used in VR headsets) in materials such as SiO2 has seen a recent surge in the use of Ion beam etching techniques. However, when using an argon-only beam, the selectivity is limited as it is a physical process. Typically, gases such as CHF3, SF6, O2 and Cl2 can be added to argon in order to increase selectivity; depending on where the gas is injected, the process is known as Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) or Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etching (CAIBE). The substrate holder can rotate in order to provide an axisymmetric etch rate profile. It can also be tilted over a range of angles to the beam direction. This enables control over the sidewall profile as well as radial uniformity optimisation. Ion beam directionality in conjunction with variable incident beam angle via platen angle setting enables profile control and feature shaping during nanopatterning. These hardware features unique to the Ion Beam etching methods can be used to create angled etch features. The CAIBE technique is also well suited to laser diode facet etch (for optoelectronic devices); these typically use III-V materials like InP. Here, we report on materials such as SiO2 etched without rotation and at a fixed platen angle allowing the formation of gratings and InP etched at a fixed angle with rotation allowing the formation of nanopillars and laser facets.

MORFOLOGÍA Y MORFOMETRÍA DE DOS ESPECIES DE BANDERITAS (ORCHIDACEAE: MASDEVALLIA EN COLOMBIA

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MONICA ADRIANA CUERVO MARTÍNEZ

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Masdevallia coccinea y Masdevallia ignea (Orchidaceae son orquídeas ornamentales y muy apreciadas por cultivadores aficionados y coleccionistas (Leathers, 2007. En Colombia, la presión de colecta sobre estas especies ha sido enorme y pocas poblaciones naturales sobreviven en los departamentos de Boyacá (Arcabuco- Paramo de Berlín, Duitama y Santander (entre Málaga y Bucaramanga, estas poblaciones son reducidas y de difícil acceso.  Razón por la cual se encuentran en el apéndice II de CITES. Poco se sabe sobre su biología reproductiva, sistema reproductivo y polinización y parte de lo que consta en la literatura es incompleto (Van der Pijl y Dodson, 1966. En este marco el objetivo general del proyecto fue estudiar la biología  floral de Masdevallia coccinea y Masdevallia ignea en condiciones de semicultivo al aire libre en la Finca Villa Rosa ubicada en el Municipio de Guasca, Cundinamarca.  La biología floral se analizó por medio de fotografía digital, pruebas histoquímicas,  morfometría y MEB. Los resultados principales de la biología floral funcional mostraron que los sépalos dorsal y lateral fueron más largos en M. coccinea en comparación a M.  ignea, pero las coloraciones de las partes florales de esta última fueron más intensas y su labelo fue más largo. En las dos especies el labelo estuvo articulado a la columna y no se encontró presencia de glándulas con estructuras secretoras como néctarios ni osmoforos.

Role of carglumic acid in the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency

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Häberle J

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Johannes HäberleKinderspital Zürich, Abteilung Stoffwechsel, Zürich, SwitzerlandAbstract: N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting ammonia detoxification in the urea cycle. The product of NAGS is N-acetylglutamate which is the absolutely required allosteric activator of the first urea cycle enzyme carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1. In defects of NAGS, the urea cycle function can be severely affected resulting in fatal hyperammonemia in neonatal patients or at any later stage in life. NAGS deficiency can be treated with a structural analog of N-acetylglutamate, N-carbamyl-L-glutamate, which is available for enteral use as a licensed drug. Since NAGS deficiency is an extremely rare disorder, reports on the use of N-carbamyl-L-glutamate are mainly based on single patients. According to these, the drug is very effective in treating acute hyperammonemia by avoiding the need for detoxification during the acute metabolic decompensation. Also during long-term treatment, N-carbamyl-L-glutamate is effective in maintaining normal plasma ammonia levels and avoiding the need for additional drug therapy or protein-restricted diet. Open questions remain which concern the optimal dosage in acute and long-term use of N-carbamyl-L-glutamate and potential additional disorders in which the drug might also be effective in treating acute hyperammonemia. This review focuses on the role of N-carbamyl-L-glutamate for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to primary NAGS deficiency but will briefly discuss the current knowledge on the role of N-carbamyl-L-glutamate for treatment of secondary NAGS deficiencies.Keywords: carglumic acid, carbamylglutamate, N-carbamyl-L-glutamate, N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency, NAGS deficiency, hyperammonemia

Imágenes de sobrevivencia: del realismo urbano del Grupo Chaski al Perú contemporáneo de Claudia Llosa

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Jorge Zavaleta Balarezo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza los trabajos iniciales del Grupo Chaski y de Claudia Llosa, dos puntos de referencia en el cine peruano contemporáneo. A través de la crítica al argumento y las características de las películas de estos cineastas, se construye una imagen del Perú, un país que volvió a la democracia en 1980 y, desde entonces, ha sido gobernado por presidentes posteriormente acusados de corrupción y abuso de poder como Alan García, Alberto Fujimori, Alejandro Toledo y Ollanta Humala. Las películas de Chaski inciden en la pobreza y vulnerabilidad de niños enfrentados a la gran ciudad, Lima, y se anticipan a ese cine de la marginalidad que en los años 90 produjo cintas tan logradas como Pizza, birra, faso, La vendedora de rosas, Ciudad de Dios o Ratas, ratones, rateros. La obra de Claudia Llosa, por su parte, llamó la atención internacional por el triunfo de su segunda película, La teta asustada, en el Festival de Berlín. Esta película, que marca una continuidad respecto de la primera, Madeinusa, es un retrato de los años posteriores a la guerra interna, los de la barbarie de Sendero Luminoso y la respuesta de las Fuerzas Armadas. El artículo aspira a ofrecer una mirada global de la sociedad peruana de los últimos treinta años, marcados por la pobreza estructural, el terrorismo, la aplicación de reformas neoliberales y la corrupción a todo nivel del estado.

Línea de base para evaluar el impacto de una planta de celulosa en el Río Uruguay

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Carlos Saizar

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Como parte del proceso de evaluación del impacto ambiental ante la puesta en funcionamiento de la planta de pulpa de celulosa Kraft Botnia (actual UPM, se realizaron estudios de línea de base entre los años 2005 y 2007. El diseño de muestreo incluyó tres transectas perpendiculares a la línea de costa, en tres sitios: Nuevo Berlín, Fray Bentos y Las Cañas. Se realizaron estudios de parámetros físico-químicos del agua (nutrientes, sustancias orgánicas, metales, compuestos orgánicos adsorbibles (AOX, dioxinas y furanos, materia orgánica y granulometría del sedimento, estudios biológicos de las comunidades planctónicas, zoobentónicas e ícticas y bioacumulación de dioxinas en peces. El fósforo en la columna de agua presentó en promedio valores por encima de lo recomendado por la normativa nacional, mientras los contaminantes orgánicos (AOX, clorofenoles, ácidos resínicos, fitosteroles, dioxinas y furanos se mantuvieron por debajo de los valores guía recomendados a nivel internacional. Las comunidades planctónicas variaron significativamente entre muestreos, la de peces entre sitios y muestreos, mientras que la de bentos no presentó variaciones significativas espaciales ni temporales. El bagre trompudo (Iheringichthys labrosus es propuesto como especie a sermonitoreada debido a su ubicuidad y abundancia. Este trabajo ofrece una visión general de los estudios de línea de base, destacando la multiplicidad y la periodicidad de los parámetros en dos años de estudio.

Hegel en la obra y el pensamiento de John Rawls

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Rodrigo Soto-Morales

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se intenta mostrar cómo el filósofo de Berlín ha influido en la elaboración teórica de la justicia política de Rawls. Después de Una teoría de la justicia (1971, debido a la atención que el profesor de Harvard presta a las críticas y a su revisión, hay casi unanimidad entre los estudiosos de su obra en que se da un cambio en la forma de enfocar su doctrina de la justicia como equidad, por lo que a partir de Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory (1980 se empieza a notar un giro más pragmá- tico y menos universalista que quedará más sólidamente demostrado en Political Liberalism (1993, razón por la que se habla de un “segundo Rawls”. En su obra póstuma Lecciones sobre la historia de la filosofía moral, Rawls hace comentarios principalmente a la Filosofía del Derecho (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft de Hegel que dejan entrever la sintonía de ambos pensadores en lo referente al estudio de la realidad social, su tendencia antidualista y su visión del liberalismo clásico, aunque Rawls no abandone por ello el contractualismo. Por otra parte, se hace una breve referencia a la influencia de Hume y Dewey que sirve para terminar de situar el conjunto de pensadores modernos que marcan la teoría rawlsiana tanto en su forma como en su fondo.

Evolution of the clinical and epidemiological knowledge about Chagas disease 90 years after its discovery

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Prata Aluízio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Three different periods may be considered in the evolution of knowledge about the clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease since its discovery: (a early period concerning the studies carried out by Carlos Chagas in Lassance with the collaboration of other investigators of the Manguinhos School. At that time the disease was described and the parasite, transmitters and reservoirs were studied. The coexistence of endemic goiter in the same region generated some confusion about the clinical forms of the disease; (b second period involving uncertainty and the description of isolated cases, which lasted until the 1940 decade. Many acute cases were described during this period and the disease was recognized in many Latin American countries. Particularly important were the studies of the Argentine Mission of Regional Pathology Studies, which culminated with the description of the Romaña sign in the 1930 decade, facilitating the diagnosis of the early phase of the disease. However, the chronic phase, which was the most important, continued to be difficult to recognize; (c period of consolidation of knowledge and recognition of the importance of Chagas disease. Studies conducted by Laranja, Dias and Nóbrega in Bambuí updated the description of Chagas heart disease made by Carlos Chagas and Eurico Villela. From then on, the disease was more easily recognized, especially with the emphasis on the use of a serologic diagnosis; (d period of enlargement of knowledges on the disease. The studies on denervation conducted in Ribeirão Preto by Fritz Köberle starting in the 1950 decade led to a better understanding of the relations between Chagas disease and megaesophagus and other visceral megas detected in endemic areas.

Regulación, Participación y Agricultura Urbana. Análisis Legislativo, Normativo y de Modelos de Gestión en Londres, Berlín y Madrid

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Moran Alonso, Nerea; Hernández Aja, Agustín

2011-01-01

En general las ciudades europeas cuentan con una amplia tradición de agricultura urbana, en la que las asociaciones de hortelanos juegan un papel importante en la gestión de los espacios y en la interlocución con las administraciones públicas. Por su parte los gobiernos locales desarrollan políticas de fomento de los huertos urbanos y han definido herramientas concretas para su regulación, protección y gestión. Esta doble tradición ha sido decisiva a la hora de resistir las presiones urbaniza...

La gran “lucha-mitte” política y estética de los proyectos urbanísticos pós reunificación en Berlín

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Martin Gegner

2013-06-01

Full Text Available There is hardly a metropolis found in Europe or elsewhere where the urban structure and architectural face changed as often, or dramatically, as in 20th century Berlin. During this century, the city served as the state capital for five different political systems, suffered partial destruction during World War II, and experienced physical separation by the Berlin wall for 28 years. Shortly after the reunification of Germany in 1989, Berlin was designated the capital of the unified country. This triggered massive building activity for federal ministries and other governmental facilities, the majority of which was carried out in the old city center (Mitte. It was here that previous regimes of various ideologies had built their major architectural state representations; from to the authoritarian Empire (1871-1918 to authoritarian socialism in the German Democratic Republic (1949-89. All of these époques still have remains concentrated in the Mitte district, but it is not only with governmental buildings that Berlin and its Mitte transformed drastically in the last 20 years; there were also cultural, commercial, and industrial projects and, of course, apartment buildings which were designed and completed. With all of these reasons for construction, the question arose of what to do with the old buildings and how to build the new. From 1991 onwards, the Berlin urbanism authority worked out guidelines which set aesthetic guidelines for all construction activity. The 1999 Planwerk Innenstadt (City Center Master Plan itself was based on a Leitbild (overall concept from the 1980s called “Critical Reconstruction of a European City.” Many critics, architects, and theorists called it a prohibitive construction doctrine that, to a certain extent, represented conservative or even reactionary political tendencies in unified Germany. This article reconstructs the main lines of this discussion and evaluates the influence of political aesthetics on post-unification Berlin urbanism.

Improvement of boiling heat transfer by radiation induced boiling enhancement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Yasuyuki; Okamoto, Koji; Madarame, Haruki; Takamasa, Tomoji

2003-01-01

For nuclear reactor systems, the critical heat flux (CHF) data is very important because it limits reactor efficiency. Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. In our previous study, we confirmed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after irradiation of 60 Co gamma ray, by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of RISA on boiling phenomena, surface wettability in a high-temperature environment and critical heat flux (CHF) of metal oxides irradiated by gamma rays were investigated. A CHF experiment in the pool boiling condition was carried out under atmospheric pressure. The heating test section made of titanium was 0.2 mm in thickness, 3 mm in height, and 60 mm in length. Oxidation of the surface was carried out by plasma jetting for 40 seconds. The test section was irradiated by 60 Co gamma ray with predetermined radiation intensity and period. The CHF of oxidized titanium was improved up to 100 percent after 800 kGy 60 Co gamma ray irradiation. We call this effect Radiation Induced Boiling Enhancement (RIBE). Before we conducted the CHF experiment, contact angles of the test pieces were measured to show the relationship between wettability and CHF. The CHF in the present experiment increases will surface wettability in the same manner as shown by Liaw and Dhir's results. (author)

Improvement of boiling heat transfer by radiation induced boiling enhancement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Y.; Okamoto, K.; Madarame, H.; Takamasa, T.

2003-01-01

For nuclear reactor systems, the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) data is very important because it limits reactor efficiency. Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high-wettability, highly hydrophilic heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. In our previous study, we confirmed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after irradiation of 60Co gamma ray, by the Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA) phenomenon. To delineate the effect of RISA on boiling phenomena, surface wettability in a high-temperature environment and Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of metal oxides irradiated by gamma rays were investigated. A CHF experiment in the pool boiling condition was carried out under atmospheric pressure. The heating test section made of titanium was 0.2mm in thickness, 3mm in height, and 60mm in length. Oxidation of the surfaces was carried out by plasma jetting for 40 seconds. The test section was irradiated by 60Co gamma ray with predetermined radiation intensity and period. The CHF of oxidized titanium was improved up to 100 percent after 800kGy 60Co gamma ray irradiation. We call this effect Radiation Induced Boiling Enhancement (RIBE). Before we conducted the CHF experiment, contact angles of the test pieces were measured to show the relationship between wettability and CHF. The CHF in the present experiment increases with surface wettability in the same manner as shown by Liaw and Dhir's results

PUBLICACIONES DE LA REVISTA AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA DURANTE EL PERIODO 1990-2010: CLASIFICACIÓN, TEMÁTICA, PAÍSES Y DIFUSIÓN

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Nelson Pe\\u00F1a Navarro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la temática y procedencia de las publicaciones de la revista Agronomía Me soamericana durante el periodo comprendido entre 1990-2010. Esta revista es el Órgano divulgativo del Programa Cooperativo Ce ntroamericano para el Me joramie nto de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA . Desde el inicio en 1990 a la fecha se han publicado 629 trabajos de los cuales el 63% son artículos científicos, 26% notas técnicas, 8% son análisis y comentarios, mientras que las informaciones técnicas y las revisiones bibliográficas poseen 2% cada uno. Costa Rica y México son los países con mayor cantidad de trabajos publicados, con 37 y 32% respectivamente, seguidos de El Sa lvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Cuba. Los principa les temas tratados son el maíz (24% y el frijol (21%, seguidos de los forrajes (7% y el de ganado lechero (4%, mie ntras que el arroz, el sorgo, las malezas y el pejibaye alcanzaron el 3% cada uno. El porcentaje de rechazo de los trabajos sometidos a publicación durante el 2010 fue del 20%. Se destaca la distribución impresa de la revista a treinta países alrededor del mundo, a bibliotecas así como a centros de documentación principalmente a los continentes de América, Europa, Asia y algunas de las islas del Ca ribe.

Manje stvari

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Una Krizmanić Ožegović

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Idemo do plaže spasiti ptiće da se ne udave. Obučem traperice i debelu vestu preko pidžame. Dok piškim u hladnoj kupaonici, mokraća mi isparava. Tata svojim koracima prodrma i razbudi cijelu kuću. Idemo, kaže s prstom u uhu. Kad izađemo van, lice mi se stisne od hladnoće. Jučer sam izgubio rukavicu, tako da golu ruku trpam duboko u džep, zajedno sa šmrkavim maramicama i fosilima. Na vrhu litice izraslo je novo cvijeće. Tata ga očeše potplatom čizme. Nisam siguran zašto to radi, ali čini se da je zadovoljan.Na pjeskovitoj nizbrdici nema drugih tragova osim naših. Jednom sam ovdje pao, davno, porezao lice na travu, koja u čupercima raste poput zakopanih jastučića za pribadače. Imam blijedosrebrni ožiljak na licu. U obliku ptičjeg stopala. Tata juri dugim korakom, a ja se izmičem pijesku koji zabacuje iza sebe dok trči. Već je ugledao ptića morske laste na plaži pri dnu litice. Isprva, riba koja mu je zapela u grlu izgleda kao dugi jezik. Ptić baca glavu u stranu, onda ponire naprijed, gušeći se. Par koraka naprijed, zatetura pod težinom ribe pa se uspravi.

HERBICIDAS PARA EL CONTROL DE Spermacoce tenuior L EN PAPAYA (Carica papaya

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Antonio Bogantes-Arias

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia de varios herbicidas en el control de Spermacoce tenuior y otras arvenses en papa ya, se realizó un ensayo en el 2007, en una plantación de papa ya "Pococí" ubicada en Guápiles, en el Ca ribe de Costa Ri ca. La primera etapa consistió en la evaluación de seis tratamie ntos posemergentes (1. Glifosato 24 SL, 2. Glifosato 68 SG , 3. Glifosato 24 SL + carfentrazone 24 EC , 4. Glifosato 68 SG + carfentrazone 24 EC , 5. Glifosato 24 SL + metsulfurón metil 60 WG, 6. Glifosato 24 SL + oxifluorfen 24 EC. En la segunda etapa se evaluaron tres preemergentes (1. Orizalina 75 WP, 2. Oxifluorfen 12 EC, 3. Acetaclor 90 EC; distribuidos en bloques al azar. Se evaluó la cobertura de especie s antes y después de la aplicación, daño al cultivo, altura y grosor de plantas de papa ya. El tratamie nto posemergente glifosato (0,94 kg i.a./ ha + metsulfurón (16 g i.a./ha en aplicación dirigida, mostró el mejor control de malezas a partir de la segunda y hasta la sexta semana después de la aplicación (SDA, sin observarse daño en el cultivo. El herbicida preemergente orizalina (3 kg i.a./ha mostró el mejor control de Spermacoce tenuior hasta las 14 SDA tanto en el lomillo como en la rodaja. No se observó fitotoxidad en el cultivo.

Traditional uses of medicinal plants of uzumlu district, erzincan, turkey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korkmaz, M.

2015-01-01

A list of medicinal plants used by local people in uzumlu district and its villages is presented. This study included the first detailed ethnobotanical survey carried out in Erzincan. The study was conducted during spring and summer periods in 2010 and 2011 through face-to-face interview method to determine the local names, used parts, and medicinal usages of the determined plants. The plant samples collected from the study area were pressed, dried, and labeled according to the herbarium techniques, and identified. Totally 64 plant taxa belonging to 53 genera and 29 families were used by local people for different medicinal purposes in the area. The families including the highest number of taxa were Rosaceae (11 species), Asteraceae (6 species) and Lamiaceae (5 species). The species with the highest number of usage as herbal medicine were Urtica dioica, Anthemis cretica subsp. iberica, Petroselinum crispum,Allium cepa, Rheum ribes, Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri var. boissieri and Vitis vinifera. Fruits and flowers were the most widely used parts of the plants. Decoction was the main method for using, and the primary therapeutic use of herbal remedies was for the respiratory system diseases such as cold, cough, asthma, and bronchitis.This study was the first carried out on 20 plant taxa used as traditional medicine, and the use of 28 taxa were recorded for the first time in Turkey. For maintaining the knowledge on traditional medicine, urgent studies should be carried out for recording before they have been completely lost. (author)

Stability of Anthocyanins from Commercial Black Currant Juice under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

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Alija Uzunović

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants but they have also been proposed to have other biological activities independent of their antioxidant capacities that produce health benefits. Examples range from inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro, induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells, reduction of starch digestion through inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, suppression of inflammatory responses as well as protection against age-related declines in cognitive behavior and neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system. However, to achieve any biological effect in a specific tissue or organ, anthocyanins must be bioavailable; i.e. effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT into the circulation and delivered to the appropriate location within the body. In this study, we assess the stability of anthocyanins from commercial Black currant (Ribes nigrum L. juice using an in vitro digestion procedure that mimics the physiochemical and biochemical conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT. The main objective of this work was the evaluation of stability of anthocyanins during in vitro digestion in gastric and intestinal fluid regarding whether appropriate enzyme (pepsin or pancreatin was added or not. Anthocyanins present in commercial black currant juice remain stable during in vitro digestion in gastric fluid regardless whether pepsin was added into the medium or not. Also, they remain stable during in vitro digestion in simulated intestinal fluid without pancreatin. The stability studies of anthocyanins in the intestinal fluid containing pancreatin indicated reduced stability, which also mainly contribute to slight reduction of total anthocyanins content (1,83%- in commercial black currant juice.

Políticas para el espacio público en las ciudades europeas.

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Ali Madanipour

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Las ciudades europeas están cambiando rápidamente en respuesta parcial a los procesos de integración europea, la migración internacional, la globalización económica y el cambio climático. Los espacios públicos de estas ciudades, como ingredientes esenciales de la imagen urbana y la experiencia, juegan un papel cada vez más importante en esta transición. Una cuestión clave se refiere al papel que los espacios públicos deben desempeñar en la transformación política, económica y cultural de las ciudades, y el impacto de estas transformaciones en la naturaleza del espacio público como un recurso compartido. ¿Cómo hacen las autoridades públicas para abordar al espacio público como un catalizador para el cambio y como un bien común? Vamos a esbozar los desafíos que enfrentan las ciudades europeas y la importancia del espacio público para hacer frente a estos desafíos. Sobre la base de estudios de casos de todo Europa (Amberes, Belfast, Berlín, Budapest, Dresde, Estambul, Londres, Milán, Nápoles, París, Viena, Varsovia, y seis ciudades de Suiza, diversos autores han analizado las formas en que los espacios públicos han sido abordados por los poderes públicos en su interacción con las sociedades urbanas. Exploramos la política del espacio público en tres partes: las estrategias, planes y políticas; múltiples funciones del espacio público, y la vida cotidiana en la ciudad. Vamos a describir los principales desafíos y examinar las respuestas de estas ciudades europeas, en busca de tendencias y patrones identificables.

NOTICIAS DESDE BERLÍN CARTAS DE VALENTÍN LETELIER A DARÍO RISOPATRÓN CAÑAS (1883-1885

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CARLOS SANHUEZA CERDA

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Valentín Letelier ha sido valorado por la historia por su aporte a la renovación de la educación pública y del pensamiento filosófico en Chile. Sin embargo, poco se ha destacado la importancia de su trabajo como secretario de la Legación chilena en Berlín entre los años 1881 y 1885. Dicha estadía le permitió enriquecer sus reflexiones filosóficas y conocer un modelo de educación pública que podía servir de ejemplo para la reforma de la enseñanza en Chile. La presente publicación expresa gran parte de dichas labores, reflexiones y acciones a partir de la trascripción de un conjunto de cartas -hasta ahora inéditas- enviadas por Valentín Letelier durante dicha estadía al entonces Secretario del Ministerio de Guerra chileno, Darío Risopatrón Cañas entre 1883 y 1885Valentín Letelier has been valued for its contribute to the renewal of the public education and of the philosophical thought in Chile. However, the history has not taken into account the work of Valentín Letelier as Secretary of Chilean Consulate in Berlin between the years 1881 and 1885. His time in Berlin permitted to Valentín Letelier to enrich his philosophical reflections and to know a model of public education. This article shows Letelier´s thoughts and works from unpublished letters to send from Valentín Letelier to Darío Risopatrón Cañas between the years 1883 and 1885

Calorific Value and Chemical Composition of Five Semi-Arid Mexican Tree Species

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Maginot Ngangyo-Heya

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The current global energy crisis has generated growing interest in looking for alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, presenting lignocellulosic materials as a promising resource for sustainable energy production. In this paper, the calorific values and chemical composition of the trunks, branches, twigs and leaves of five timber species of the semi-arid land of Mexico (Helietta parvifolia (Gray Benth., Ebenopsis ebano (Berl. Barneby, Acacia berlandieri (Benth., Havardia pallens (Benth. Britton & Rose and Acacia wrightii (Benth. were determined according to international standards. The results highlighted the calorific value ranges of 17.56 to 18.61 MJ kg−1 in trunks, 17.15 to 18.45 MJ kg−1 in branches, 17.29 to 17.92 MJ kg−1 in twigs, and 17.35to 19.36 MJ kg−1 in leaves. The pH presented an acidic trend (3.95–5.64. The content of mineral elements varied in trunks (1.09%–2.29%, branches (0.86%–2.75%, twigs (4.26%–6.76% and leaves (5.77%–11.79%, showing the higher proportion in Ca (57.03%–95.53%, followed by K (0.95%–19.21% and Mg (0.88%–13.47%. The highest amount of extractives was obtained in the methanolic solvent (3.96%–17.03%. The lignin recorded values of 28.78%–35.84% for trunks, 17.14%–31.39% for branches and 20.61%–29.92% for twigs. Lignin showed a moderately strong correlation (r = 0.66 with calorific value, but the best mathematical model was registered with the calorific value depending on the pH and lignin (R2 = 58.86%.

Dos años entre los indios

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Ardila Ardila Olga Felisa

1996-06-01

Full Text Available

La obra constituye la traducción del alemán publicada originalmente en dos volúmenes por E. Wasmuth en Berlín en 1909. En 1967 la Akademische Druck-u Verlagsanstalt en Graz (Austria publicó la segunda edición de la obra original, sobre la cual se trabajó la presente versión en español. La traducción estuvo a cargo de la antropóloga María Mercedes Ortiz. Koch-Grünberg se dedicó al estudio de la filología clásica pero con el tiempo se fue interesando cada vez más por el estudio de los pueblos autóctonos de Suramérica. En 1903 realizó su primera expedición a partir del noroeste brasilero hasta Colombia, en la región comprendida entre el alto río Negro y el Yapurá, área muy poco explorada hasta el momento. La obra Dos años entre los indios resume los resultados básicos de esta expedición. El autor alemán presenta el relato de sus cuatro viajes e ilustra con un mapa la ruta de su expedición a partir del Amazonas. Además del noroeste brasilero, el autor recorre un área importante del territorio colombiano, especialmente la zona del actual departamento del Vaupés. El libro está escrito en forma de un diario de viaje en el que se destacan sus observaciones etnográficas y lingüísticas, especialmente en lo que respecta a la cultura material, el ritual, el arte, las diferentes lenguas nativas habladas en la región y las relaciones de afinidad existentes entre dichas lenguas.

Orphan drugs in development for urea cycle disorders: current perspectives

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Häberle J

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Johannes Häberle,1 Shawn E McCandless2 1Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Abstract: The urea cycle disorders are caused by deficiency of one of the six hepatic enzymes or two transporters involved in detoxification of ammonia. The resulting hyperammonemia causes severe brain injury unless aggressive steps are taken to reduce the accumulation of ammonia, which is thought to be the most toxic metabolite. This review describes the current state of chronic management of urea cycle disorders, focusing on new and emerging therapies. Management strategies include the mainstay of treatment, namely dietary protein restriction and supplementation with l-arginine or l-citrulline. Several currently approved medications utilize and enhance alternative pathways of waste nitrogen excretion (sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate, sodium phenylbutyrate in several formulations, and glycerol phenylbutyrate, working through conjugation of the drug to either glycine (in the case of benzoate or glutamine, the products of which are excreted in the urine. Carglumic acid activates the first committed step of conversion of ammonia to urea, carbamoylphosphate synthetase, and thus effectively treats defective synthesis of the endogenous activator, N-acetylglutamate, whether due to genetic defects or biochemical inhibition of the N-acetylglutamate synthase enzyme. Approaches to neuroprotection during episodes of hyperammonemia are discussed, including the use of controlled hypothermia (brain cooling, as well as proposed, but as yet untested, pharmacologic therapies. Finally, cell-based therapies, including liver transplantation, infusion of fresh or cryopreserved hepatocytes, use of stem cells, and new approaches to gene

Autobiografie e culture d’infanzia / Autobiografía y culturas de la infancia

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Egle Becchi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available . En el artículo se discuten tres temas con ejemplos que hacen referencia a cada uno. El primero versa sobre la cultura subjetiva de los niños, los discursos libres sobre sus sentimientos y pensamientos. El segundo concierne a las interpretaciones de las autobiografías y diarios infantiles (Misch, Bernfeld, Egodocuments, Lejeune. El tercer tema se refiere al control de los padres sobre los diarios de sus hijos y sobre sus modelos morales. Cuatro ejemplos ilustran los temas. El primero es el caso clínico freudiano del «pequeño Hans», donde un niño de cuatro años habla sobre sus miedos, sus pensamientos, sueños, deseos y solicita al padre escribir lo que le cuenta. El segundo ejemplo es un diario escrito por un niño holandés, de finales del siglo XVIII, a quien sus padres le habían recomendado narrar sus sentimientos y sus conductas morales. El tercero trata de un niño que vivió en Berlín a mediados del siglo XIX. Anotaba en un diario sus acciones, emociones, recuerdos, errores. El niño era reacio a escribir en su diario y, después de ser regañado por su padre, deja de escribir. En la cuarta parte se analizan journaux d’enfant de niñas y preadolescentes franceses del siglo XIX, recogidos por Lejeune, que discute los modelos y el control de los padres. Un análisis complementario de estos journaux de finales del siglo XX evidencia la ausencia de control y modelos. La autora concluye sugiriendo dar libertad a los niños cuando escriben sobre sus sentimientos y pensamientos.

Pl(17) is a novel gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Qi, L L; Long, Y M; Jan, C C; Ma, G J; Gulya, T J

2015-04-01

Pl 17, a novel downy mildew resistance gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in sunflowers, was genetically mapped to linkage group 4 of the sunflower genome. Downy mildew (DM), caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.). Berl. et de Toni, is one of the serious sunflower diseases in the world due to its high virulence and the variability of the pathogen. DM resistance in the USDA inbred line, HA 458, has been shown to be effective against all virulent races of P. halstedii currently identified in the USA. To determine the chromosomal location of this resistance, 186 F 2:3 families derived from a cross of HA 458 with HA 234 were phenotyped for their resistance to race 734 of P. halstedii. The segregation ratio of the population supported that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, Pl 17. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) primers were used to identify molecular markers linked to Pl 17. Bulked segregant analysis using 849 SSR markers located Pl 17 to linkage group (LG) 4, which is the first DM gene discovered in this linkage group. An F2 population of 186 individuals was screened with polymorphic SSR and SNP primers from LG4. Two flanking markers, SNP SFW04052 and SSR ORS963, delineated Pl 17 in an interval of 3.0 cM. The markers linked to Pl 17 were validated in a BC3 population. A search for the physical location of flanking markers in sunflower genome sequences revealed that the Pl 17 region had a recombination frequency of 0.59 Mb/cM, which was a fourfold higher recombination rate relative to the genomic average. This region can be considered amenable to molecular manipulation for further map-based cloning of Pl 17.

A single exposure to cocaine during development elicits regionally-selective changes in basal basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-2) gene expression and alters the trophic response to a second injection.

Science.gov (United States)

Giannotti, Giuseppe; Caffino, Lucia; Malpighi, Chiara; Melfi, Simona; Racagni, Giorgio; Fumagalli, Fabio

2015-02-01

During adolescence, the brain is maturing and more sensitive to drugs of abuse that can influence its developmental trajectory. Recently, attention has been focused on basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) given that its administration early in life enhances the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and sensitization at adulthood (Turner et al. (Pharmacol Biochem Behav 92:100-4, 2009), Clinton et al. (Pharmacol Biochem Behav103:6-17, 2012)). Additionally, we found that abstinence from adolescent cocaine exposure long lastingly dysregulates FGF-2 transcription (Giannotti et al. (Psychopharmacology (Berl) 225:553-60, 2013 ). The objectives of the study are to evaluate if (1) a single injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg) at postnatal day 35 alters FGF-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and (2) the first injection influences the trophic response to a second injection (10 mg/kg) provided 24 h or 7 days later. We found regional differences in the FGF-2 expression pattern as either the first or the second injection of cocaine by themselves upregulated FGF-2 mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens while downregulating it in the hippocampus. The first injection influences the trophic response of the second. Of note, 24 h after the first injection, accumbal and hippocampal FGF-2 changes produced by cocaine in saline-pretreated rats were prevented in cocaine-pretreated rats. Conversely, in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 7 days after the first injection, the cocaine-induced FGF-2 changes were modified by the subsequent exposure to the psychostimulant. These findings show that a single cocaine injection is sufficient to produce enduring changes in the adolescent brain and indicate that early cocaine priming alters the mechanisms regulating the trophic response in a brain region-specific fashion.

La Gesamtschule y la pedagogía de la integración en la República Federal Alemana

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Heinz-Elmar Tenorth

1995-01-01

Full Text Available La dificultad practica de conectar eficazmente los facto res dialécticos de igualdad/ diferenciación, individualización/socializaci6n y promoción/selección ha sido puesta en evidencia can el fracaso que supuso la Gesamtschule como experimento en la antigua RFA durante la década de 1970. Debate iniciado a principios de nuestro siglo, a demanda de políticos y gran parte de la sociedad de implantar una escuela única, can expectativas de incrementar al tiempo la igualdad de oportunidades y la calidad, es materializada por vez primera con el Estado de Berlín occidental y seguida por los estados federales con gobiernos social-dem6cratas. La Gesamtschule, termino empleado para designar esta nueva institución que reúne al tiempo en su seno un carácter integrador (por su organización interna, currículo y clientela y diferenciador (par los periodos de enseñanza adaptada a rendimiento e intereses diversos, no resulto ser el tipo de escuela que encarnara los ideales de mayor rendimiento y legitimación democrática y pedag6gica pretendidos. Condicionados por el titulo Abitury la educaci6n superior, el sistema educativo y el laboral han favorecido indirectamente el prestigio de la escuela Gymnasium en detrimento de las restantes, La adopción, no obstante, de un programa escolar al molde de la vigente política de expansión educativa y respecto a los objetivos de esta (democratización de la oportunidad de la educaci6n y mayor participaci6n en las opciones formativas, es un triunfo que solo a la Gesamtschule corresponde saborcar. 

Investigation of partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide for dry desulfurisation of fuel gases; Untersuchung der Partialoxidation von Schwefelwasserstoff zur Trockenentschwefelung von Brenngasen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kliemczak, U.

2002-07-01

Three process variants for direct desulfurisation in the dry state of coal gasification gases by partial oxidation of H{sub 2}S were investigated in Prenflo conditions: 1. Heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation of H{sub 2}S on fly dust followed by sulfur deposition on the dust; 2. Non-catalyzed partial oxidation of H{sub 2}S in a homogeneous gaseous phase followed by sulfur deposition in a spray separator; 3. Heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation of H{sub 2}S in a fixed bed. The experiments were carried out in conditions similar to the crude gas conditions of slag bath gasification at SVZ Schwarze Pumpe. The fixed bed materials investigated were hearth furnace coke, Berl saddles, and an activated carbon developed specially for the investigations, Oxorbon CJ. The focus of the investigations was on the envisaged continuous operation of the process. [German] Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde an einer zu diesem Zweck modifizierten Technikumsanlage die trockene Direktentschwefelung von Brenngasen aus der Kohlevergasung durch partielle Oxidation von H{sub 2}S untersucht. Im Vordergrund standen zwei Verfahrensvarianten, deren Eignung fuer die Bedingungen der Prenflo-Vergasung ueberprueft werden sollte: Variante 1: die heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von H{sub 2}S an Flugstaub mit anschliessender Schwefelabscheidung auf dem Staub und, Variante 2: die nichtkatalysierte Partialoxidation von H{sub 2}S in homogener Gasphase mit anschliessender Schwefelabscheidung in einem Spruehabscheider. Ausgehend von den Versuchsergebnissen der Verfahrensvarianten 1 und 2 wurde zusaetzlich als Verfahrensvariante 3 die heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von H{sub 2}S am Festbett untersucht. Diese Versuche orientierten sich an den Rohgasbedingungen der Schlackebadvergasung des SVZ Schwarze Pumpe. Als Festbettmaterialien kamen Herdofenkoks, Berlsaettel und eine, speziell fuer diese Verfahrensvariante entwickelte Aktivkohle Oxorbon CJ, zum Einsatz. Die Eignung des

Liberalismo y democracia: de dos historias a una Europa 1919-1960, desde Max Weber hasta Norberto Bobbio Liberalism and Democracy: from two histories to only one. Europe 1919-1960, from Max Weber to Norberto Bobbio

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Antonio Annino

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo intenta reconstruir sintéticamente cómo y por qué entre las dos guerras mundiales se construyó un paradigma historiográfico que unificó por primera vez la historia del liberalismo decimonónico con la de la democracia nueva del siglo XX. Un paradigma potente y muy exitoso, no sólo ante los historiadores, sino también en la opinión pública culta. Para explicar un tema de este alcance, la metodología utilizada en el texto ha sido analizar selectivamente las ideas de autores y grupos representativos y sobresalientes, que tuvieron una indiscutible influencia sobre los demás. La tesis más o menos implícita es que las condiciones actuales del mundo tras la caída del Muro de Berlín ponen a la vista la necesidad de ir más allá de este paradigma, de modo de recuperar la autonomía histórica de cada uno de los dos siglos, cosa especialmente importante en el caso de América Latina.The article aims to explain how and why, between the two world wars, a historiography paradigm was built. This paradigm unified the history of the nineteen-century liberalism with the new democracy of the XX century. This model was powerful and successful, not only among historians but also with an informed audience. To study this topic the article analyzes a series of ideas of important authors and groups that had an indisputable influence in the historical discipline. The thesis that is advanced in this text is that, in the current conditions of the world, after the Berlin wall, it is necessary to recuperate the autonomy of the two centuries, especially for the Latin American case.

Radionuclides in radiation-induced bystander effect; may it share in radionuclide therapy?

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Widel, M

2017-01-01

For many years in radiobiology and radiotherapy predominated the conviction that cellular DNA is the main target for ionizing radiation, however, the view has changed in the past 20 years. Nowadays, it is assumed that not only directed (targeted) radiation effect, but also an indirect (non-targeted) effect may contribute to the result of radiation treatment. Non-targeted effect is relatively well recognized after external beam irradiation in vitro and in vivo, and comprises such phenomena like radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal (out of field) effect. These stress-induced and molecular signaling mediated phenomena appear in non-targeted cells as variety responses resembling that observed in directly hit cells. Bystander effects can be both detrimental and beneficial in dependence on dose, dose-rate, cell type, genetic status and experimental condition. Less is known about radionuclide-induced non-targeted effects in radionuclide therapy, although, based on characteristics of the radionuclide radiation, on experiments in vitro utilizing classical and 3-D cell cultures, and preclinical study on animals it seems obvious that exposure to radionuclide is accompanied by various bystander effects, mostly damaging, less often protective. This review summarizes existing data on radionuclide induced bystander effects comprising radionuclides emitting beta- and alpha-particles and Auger electrons used in tumor radiotherapy and diagnostics. So far, separation of the direct effect of radionuclide decay from crossfire and bystander effects in clinical targeted radionuclide therapy is impossible because of the lack of methods to assess whether, and to what extent bystander effect is involved in human organism. Considerations on this topic are also included.

Preliminary Screening of a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation for Anticonvulsant Activity.

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Dhar, Arnab; Maurya, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Ashish; Singh, Gireesh Kumar; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Seth, Ankit

2016-01-01

Epilepsy is a serious and complex central nervous system disorder associated with recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures due to the imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmitters level in the brain. The available treatments are neither competent to control the seizures nor prevent progress of disease. Since ages, Herbal medicines have remained important sources of medicines in many parts of world which is evidenced through their uses in traditional systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Chinese etc. A polyherbal formulation (containing Terminalia chebula Retz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Embelia ribes Burm. F, Acorus calamus L., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke, Achyranthes aspera L.) is mentioned in Ayurvedic classics Bhaiṣajya Ratnāvali . The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the formulation in Maximum electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in rats. In the present study, a polyherbal formulation was developed as directed by classical text and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock Shock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. Statistical comparison was done by one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's multiple comparison test. The obtained results showed that the PHF had a protective role on epilepsy. Treatment with PHF significantly improves antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly as compared to controls. PHF also significantly decreased malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Moreover, it also attenuated the PTZ-induced increase in the activity of GABA-T in the rat brain. These findings suggest that PHF might have possible efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy.

ANALISIS PSICOLOGICO DEL ARBITRAJE Y JUICIO DEPORTIVOS: UNA APROXIMACION DESDE EL MODELO INTERCONDUCTUAL

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J.C. Caracuel

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La Psicología del Deporte no es solamente, como comenta Riera, psicología del deportista; todas las demás
personas involucradas, directa o indirectamente, en dicha actividad son sujetos potenciales de esta disciplina.
Posiblemente, una de las personas más estrechamente vinculadas al desarrollo y/o resultado final de una
competición deportiva sean los jueces y árbitros. En el presente trabajo, los autores se ocupan de analizar la
influencia que los factores psicológicos tienen sobre tales personas a la hora de decidir y/o valorar la legalidad
o la calificación de las ejecuciones de los sujetos en las competiciones deportivas. Como punto de partida se
adopta la conceptualización de la percepción como una respuesta interactiva -y no meramente pasiva- del
organismo en relación con el medio, siguiendo los lineamientos del enfoque interconductual. Ello permite
analizar la actuación de árbitros y jueces de acuerdo con el modelo de campo propuesto por Kantor y Ribes,
identificando los elementos integrantes, así como sus interrelaciones. Se valora la influencia de tales variables
-más específicamente- como factores a tener en cuenta tanto en la percepción como en la toma de decisiones que
tienen lugar en el quehacer de jueces y árbitros. Finalmente se hacen algunas sugerencias respecto a orientaciones
futuras a seguir en orden a mejorar tanto el análisis de los comportamientos de jueces y árbitros como su
formación.

EFECTO DE DOS TIPOS DE FUNDAS SOBRE EL FRUTO DE BANANO (Musa AAA

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Alfonso Vargas-Calvo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos fundas en la protección del racimo de banano (Musa AAA . En dos épocas climáticas (adversa y favorable bajo condiciones del Ca ribe de Costa Ri ca se evaluaron dos fundas: 1- azul Sa nta Lucía (bifentrina 0,1%, polie tileno de 12,7 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 86,4 cm de ancho y 2- transparente con aditivos para filtrar la luz ultravioleta e infrarroja (bifentrina 0,1%, 20,3 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 88,9 cm de ancho. El peso del racimo así como el grosor y la longitud del fruto central de la fila externa en la segunda, cuarta y sexta mano no difirieron (P> 0,0556 entre ambas fundas. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre estas en la apa rie ncia del racimo (P>0,4699 ni en la firmeza de la cáscara en grado 1 de maduración (P= 0,6268. En las varia bles de medición del color del fruto solamente L* presentó un valor (56,48 más alto (P=0,0109 con la funda transparente fotosensible, mie ntras que las otras dos varia bles relacionadas (a* y b* no fueron diferentes (P>0,1011 entre las fundas. El incremento adicional de 7,6 ¿ en el grosor del polie tileno de la funda transparente con respecto a la azul Sa nta Lucía, no ocasionó un incremento productivo ni una mejor apa rie ncia del racimo de banano y sus frutos.

Prehranjevalne navade in telesna aktivnost dijakov primorsko-notranjske regije

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Manica Radivo

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Uvod: Zdrava prehrana in telesna aktivnost sta neločljivo povezani določilnici zdravja mladostnikov. Namen raziskave je bil (1 ovrednotiti prehranski status ter prehranjevalne navade dijakov 3. letnikov srednješolskega izobraževanja v primorsko-notranjski regiji in (2 preučiti navade njihove telesne aktivnosti ter (3 raziskati povezavo med njihovimi indeksi telesne mase (kg/m2 in prehranskimi navadami. Metode: Raziskava je bila opravljena spomladi 2015 na vzorcu dijakov 3. letnikov (n = 166 v primorskonotranjski regiji. Njihova povprečna starost je bila 18,2 let. Uporabljen je bil anonimni spletni vprašalnik 1KA s 44 vprašanji. S programom SPSS verzija 22 je bila izvedena opisna in inferenčna statistika. Rezultati: Dijaki ne uživajo sadja in zelenjave vsak dan (74 % fantov in 63 % deklet, pri čemer je primanjkljaj skupnega vnosa zelenjave (fantje: 151,3 g, dekleta: 166,7 g in stročnic (fantje: 138,2 g, dekleta: 141,8 g večji, kot je pri vnosu sadja (fantje: 172,4 g, dekleta: 170,9 g. Tudi uživanje rib je glede na priporočila premajhno, priporočene količine dosega le 5,4 % deklet in 4,5 %. Dijaki tudi niso dovolj telesno aktivni. Diskusija in zaključek: Kljub številnim ukrepom prehranske politike je med dijaki še vedno premajhen vnos sadja in zelenjave. Šolski obroki bi morali pogosteje vsebovati zelenjavo, stročnice in ribe. Za spodbujanje telesne aktivnosti bi morali mladim šport približati kot vrednoto, dostopno vsem mladostnikom.

Effect of combined oral doses of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models.

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Rock, Erin M; Connolly, Cassidy; Limebeer, Cheryl L; Parker, Linda A

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of oral combined cannabis constituents to reduce nausea. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combining subthreshold oral doses of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models of conditioned gaping. The potential of intragastric (i.g.) administration of THC, CBDA, or combined doses, to interfere with acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping (acute nausea) or the expression of contextually elicited conditioned gaping (anticipatory nausea), was evaluated. For acute nausea, i.g. administration of subthreshold doses of THC (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) or CBDA (0.5 and 1 μg/kg) significantly suppressed acute nausea-induced gaping, whereas higher individual doses of both THC and CBDA were maximally effective. Combined i.g. administration of higher doses of THC and CBDA (2.5 mg/kg THC-2.5 μg/kg CBDA; 10 mg/kg THC-10 μg/kg CBDA; 20 mg/kg THC-20 μg/kg CBDA) also enhanced positive hedonic reactions elicited by saccharin solution during conditioning. For anticipatory nausea, combined subthreshold i.g. doses of THC (0.1 mg/kg) and CBDA (0.1 μg/kg) suppressed contextually elicited conditioned gaping. When administered i.g., THC was effective on its own at doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg, but CBDA was only effective at 10 μg/kg. THC alone was equally effective by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and i.g. administration, whereas CBDA alone was more effective by i.p. administration (Rock et al. in Psychopharmacol (Berl) 232:4445-4454, 2015) than by i.g. administration. Oral administration of subthreshold doses of THC and CBDA may be an effective new treatment for acute nausea and anticipatory nausea and appetite enhancement in chemotherapy patients.

Alemania siglo XXI: un balance

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Martha Lucía Quiroga Riviere

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Veinte años han pasado desde que se dieron los sucesos en la República Democrática Alemana (RDA que llevarían, en noviembre de 1989, a la caída del muro de Berlín y a la reunificación de Alemania el 3 de octubre de 1990. El proceso de unificación alemana dio pie en sus comienzos a una optimista visión que, sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo ha cambiado de tal forma que hoy se habla del ‘messogiorno alemán’ para designar a la zona oriental comparándola con la zona deprimida del sur de Italia. Pero la Alemania unificada en el contexto internacional supuso también cambios para la zona occidental que, entre otros, se han traducido en la crisis del sector industrial tradicional y en el desempleo estructural. Así, a la difícil constelación de la situación interna de la Alemania reunificada, se ha adicionado la realidad internacional con una decreciente producción industrial como fenómeno global en todas las viejas naciones industriales y con un proceso de desregularización que significó en Alemania oriental la ‘privatización de toda la sociedad’. En Alemania se han llevado y se están llevando cambios sociales profundos, que no tienen comparación con ningún otro país de las potencias occidentales ni, en el caso de la ex RDA con ningún país del este. Evaluar el proceso de unificación alemana, primera potencia europea y motor del proceso de integración en ese continente, se hace imperante. El presente artículo intenta hacer un diagnóstico parcial de la nueva realidad en la Alemania unificadaa comienzos del siglo XXI.

Nuevas orientaciones en el tratamiento de la infección puerperal generalizada por los antivirus en inyección intravenosa

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José del Carmen Acosta

1932-11-01

Full Text Available El tratamiento de la infección puerperal ha sido tema de constante preocupación y estudio de los médicos de todas las épocas, desde Hipócrates hasta nuestros días; hubo en la antigüedad verdaderas epidemias que diezmaban los servicios hospitalarios y aún la clientela civil, como fué la estudiada por Mauriceau, en 1660, que causó una mortalidad de los dos tercios de las puérperas del Hotel Dieu de París, posteriormente se registraron epidemias semejantes, si no tan generalizadas, sí muy alarmantes, en Leipzig, Londres, Edimburgo, Berlín, etc., etc. En todas ellas, como era natural, se hicieron estudios diversos sobre su etiología y su tratamiento, que si todavía no han resuelto el problema, sí han contribuido grandemente a discriminar y simplificar los distintos puntos que abarca: hoy están clasificadas y claramente separadas las infecciones localizadas, de las generalizadas; él tratamiento de las primeras, especialmente en lo que se refiere a las endcmetritis, es un punto definitivamente adquirido con la aplicación de los filtrados o antivirus de Besredka, como lo demuestra el importante trabajo que sobre este asunto presentó a la Facultad el actual Jefe de Clínica del Servicio a mi cargo, Dr. Carlos J. Mojica; el pronóstico de esas formas en lo generales benigno, aun cuando la evolución pueda. prolongarse. por mas o menos días. En lo que respecta a las formas generalizadas, cuya etiología fué prevista por el gran sabio vienés Semmelweis (1847 y más tarde confirmada por los estudios de la éra pasteuríana, subsisten hoy como un espectro amenazador, porque la terapéutica empleada contra ellas sólo ha servido para demostrar nuestra impotencia y poner de manifiesto el completo fracaso de las drogas empleadas para combatirlas.

The taxonomic status of the Mexican oak Quercus undata (Fagaceae, Quercus, Section Quercus El estatus taxonómico del encino mexicano Quercus undata (Fagaceae, Quercus, Sección Quercus

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Jeffrey R. Bacon

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Quercus undata Trel. (Fagaceae, Quercus, Section Quercus has a complex taxonomic and nomenclatural history. Intensive sampling of oaks at the type locality of Q. undata Trel. in Durango, Mexico and evaluation of herbarium specimens and plants in the field indicate that Q. undata represents variation in Quercus chihuahuensis Trel. in white oak communities where introgressive hybridization among Q. chihuahuensis, Q. grisea Liebm., and a third white oak, Q. arizonica Sarg. made species identification difficult. Endlich's type specimen of Q. undata, as designated by Trelease, was apparently destroyed in bombing raids on Berlin during World War II, and we propose herein as lectotype the Trelease illustration of the type. An epitype is also designated in support of the lectotype, given that some features cannot be critically observed on the illustration. The long peduncles of the specimen illustrated by Trelease indicate a close relation to Q. chihuahuensis.Quercus undata Trel. (Fagaceae, Quercus, Section Quercus tiene una compleja historia taxonómica y de nomenclatura. Un muestreo intensivo de los encinos en la localidad tipo de Q. undata en Durango, México y análisis de ejemplares en herbario y en el campo indican que Q. undata representa variación en Q. chihuahuensis Trel. en los sitios donde la hibridación introgresiva entre Q. chihuahuensis, Q. grisea Liebm., y un tercer encino blanco, Q. arizonica Sarg., dificultan la identificación de especies. El ejemplar tipo designado por Trelease aparentemente fue destruido en el bombardeo de Berlín durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, por lo que se propone como lectotipo a la ilustración del tipo en la obra de Trelease. Se designa también un epitipo dado que algunos rasgos no pueden ser críticamente observados en la ilustración. Los largos pedúnculos del espécimen ilustrado por Trelease indican la relación cercana a Q. chihuahuensis.

Elisa Biagini (Florencia, 1970

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Berta González Saavedra

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Elisa Biagini vive en Italia tras haber estudiado y enseñado en los Estados Unidos durante varios años. Sus poesías han sido publicadas en varias revistas y antologías italianas y americanas, entre otras. Algunas de las más recientes son Nuovissima poesia italiana (Mondadori, 2004 y Parola plurale (Sosselam 2005. Ha publicado siete colecciones poéticas, algunas bilingües, entre las que figuran  L'Ospite (Einaudi, 2004, Fiato. Parole per musica (Edizionidif, 2006, Nel bosco (Einaudi, 2007, The guest in the wood (Chelsea editions, 2013 – 2014 Best Translated Book Award, y la reciente Da una crepa (Einaudi, 2014. Sus poesías han sido traducidas al inglés, español, francés, portugués, japonés, croata, eslovaco, alemán, albanés, ruso, árabe y chino. Ha participado en importantes festivales italianos e internacionales (entre otros, en Italia “Festival della Letteratura” de Mantua, “Festival Poesia” de Parma, “RomaPoesia” de Roma, y en el extranjero “Stanza- Scotland's International Poetry Festival” en St. Andrews, Escocia, “Dubai International Poetry Festival” en Emiratos Árabes Unidos, “PoesieFestivalBerlin” en Berlín, “International Writers Workshop” en Hong Kong, “Struga Poetry Festival” en Struga, Macedonia, “Poetry Parnassus” en Londres, “Printemps des poètes” en Luxemburgo, “Queensland Poetry Festival” en Brisbane, Australia, “Festival Internacional de Poesía de Granada” en Nicaragua, “Xu Zhimo Poetry and Art Festival” en el King's College de Cambridge. Asimismo es traductora de poesía americana y, además de editar algunas colecciones de poetisas americanas contemporáneas, se ha encargado de la edición del volumen Nuovi poeti americani (Einaudi, 2006. Infine, insegna Scrittura Creativa (poesia, Travel Writing e Storia dell'Arte in Italia e all’estero, además de colaborar con artistas visules, coreógrafos y músicos. Entre otras actividades, es artista visual. www.elisabiagini.it

Antonio Maura and the role of the 2nd Reich in the Franco-Spanish negotiations on Morocco in 1903-1904 | Antonio Maura y el papel del II Reich en las negociaciones hispano-francesas sobre Marruecos de 1903-1904

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Francisco Manuel Pastor Garrigues

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The first part of the article tackles the problem that Antonio Maura came up against when he became head of the Spanish government, in late 1903, consisting in concluding the negotiation process on Morocco, under way with France since 1901. It stresses the way that Maura’s colonial ideology followed on in the footsteps of the former con servative leader, Silvela’s approach, as well as the preponderance of issues such as national security in motivating these ideas. The second part explains the appeal made by Maura’s government for aid from Germany, in line with earlier movements of German diplomacy, which had become interested in controlling part of Spanish Morocco, or in gaining compensations in Fernando Po. There is finally an analysis of Berlin’s attempt to exploit Maura’s government in the course of the Spanish-French conversations on the Jerife Empire. | En la primera parte del artículo se aborda el problema que ha de afrontar el estadista Antonio Maura al convertirse en el jefe del gobierno español, a finales de 1903 y consistente en concluir el proceso de negociación sobre Marruecos entablado con Francia desde 1901. Se resalta el carácter continuista del ideario colonial de Maura con respecto al del anterior líder conservador, Silvela, y la preponderancia de cuestiones como la seguridad nacional como motivadoras de dicho ideario. En la segunda parte, se explica la apelación del gobierno maurista a una ayuda por parte de Alemania, en función de movimientos previos de la diplomacia germana que se había interesado por controlar una parte del Marruecos español, o por conseguir compensaciones en Fernando Po. Finalmente se analiza el intento de Berlín de instrumentalizar al gobierno Maura en el curso de las conversaciones hispano-francesas sobre el Imperio jerifiano.

Preliminary Screening of a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation for Anticonvulsant Activity

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Arnab Dhar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Epilepsy is a serious and complex central nervous system disorder associated with recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures due to the imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic and inhibitory (GABAergic neurotransmitters level in the brain. The available treatments are neither competent to control the seizures nor prevent progress of disease. Since ages, Herbal medicines have remained important sources of medicines in many parts of world which is evidenced through their uses in traditional systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Chinese etc. Aim: A polyherbal formulation (containing Terminalia chebula Retz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Embelia ribes Burm. F, Acorus calamus L., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd. Miers, Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke, Achyranthes aspera L. is mentioned in Ayurvedic classics Bhaiṣajya Ratnāvali. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the formulation in Maximum electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a polyherbal formulation was developed as directed by classical text and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock Shock (MES and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ induced convulsions in rats. Statistical comparison was done by one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: The obtained results showed that the PHF had a protective role on epilepsy. Treatment with PHF significantly improves antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD and glutathione (GSH levels significantly as compared to controls. PHF also significantly decreased malonaldialdehyde (MDA levels in the brain. Moreover, it also attenuated the PTZ-induced increase in the activity of GABA-T in the rat brain. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PHF might have possible efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy.

Avatar in the Amazon - Narratives of Cultural Conversion and Environmental Salvation between Cultural Theory and Popular Culture

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John Ødemark

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In 2010 the New York Times reported that '[t]ribes of Amazon Find an Ally Out of "Avatar"', James Cameron. The alliance was against the building of Belo Monte, a hydroelectricdam in the Xingu River in Brazil. Cameron made a documentary about Belo Monte, A Message from Pandora. Here he states that Avatar becomes real in the struggle against the dam. This appears to confirm U. K. Heise's observation that the 'Amazon rainforest has long functioned as a complex symbol of exotic natural abundance, global ecological connectedness, and environmental crisis'. This construal, however, downplays the 'symbols' cultural components. In this article I show that the image of an ecological 'rainforest Indian' and a particular kind of culture constitutes a crucial part of the Amazon as 'a complex' cross-disciplinary 'symbol'. Firstly, I examine how an Amazonian topology (closeness to nature, natural cultures is both a product of an interdisciplinary history, and a place to speak from for ethno-political activist. Next I analyze how Amazonian cultures have been turned into 'ethnological isolates' representing a set of grand theoretical problems in anthropology, not least concerning the nature/culture-distinction, and how environmentalism has deployed the same topology. Finally I examine how Avatar and one of its cinematic intertexts, John Boorman's The Emerald Forest, is used as a model to understand the struggle over the Belo Monte. In a paradoxical way the symbolic power of indigenous people in ecological matters here appears to be dependent upon a non-relation, and a reestablishment of clear cut cultural boundaries, where 'the tribal' is also associated with the human past. Disturbingly such symbolic exportation of solutions is consonant with current exportations of the solution of ecological problems to 'other places'.

Análisis de dos tipos de refuerzo a flexión de forjados de semiviguetas

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Ramírez, José L.

1989-02-01

Full Text Available Slabs are the most costly structural elements in a building, often accounting for more than 20 % of the cost of the building. Therefore, and as a continuation of previous works on columns and beams, the authors are working on a research project relative to the strengthening of slabs, both massive concrete slabs and those in joist construction form. This article presents the results of flexural strengthening carried out by attaching steel mesh to the bottom of joist construction slabs with adhesive mortar or shot concrete. Very good results were obtained, which are hard to explain, if it is taken into account that 85 % of the reinforcement is adhered to the porous concrete filling piedes between ribes which are of no significant strength in the calculation, and only 15 % to the resistant ribs bottoms.

Los forjados constituyen el elemento estructural de mayor incidencia económica en el coste de un edificio de plantas, alcanzando porcentajes respecto al valor total del inmueble que superan habitualmente el 20%. Por ello, y continuando trabajos anteriores en torno a pilares y vigas, se está desarrollando por los autores un proyecto de investigación relativo al refuerzo de forjados, tanto en forma de losa maciza como confeccionados a partir de semiviguetas. En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados del refuerzo a flexión adhiriendo malla de acero a la parte inferior de los forjados de semiviguetas por medio de mortero adherente u hormigón proyectado. Se comprueban muy buenos resultados, difícilmente esperables contando con que la nueva armadura está adherida en un 85% a la parte inferior de las bovedillas de relleno, sin consideración resistente en el cálculo, y sólo en un 15% a la semivigueta resistente.

Phenological research of climate changes in the north part of Lithuania by the phenological garden of Šiauliai University.

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Klimienė, Asta; Vainorienė, Rimanta; Klimas, Ramutis

2017-02-01

Šiauliai University Botanical Garden is a member of the International Phenological Garden network since 2005. It is the only one botanical garden in the East Europe that participated in the programme. In 2015, 18 species were observed. For research, data of 14 plants was used. The aim of this study is to estimate the responsiveness of the species of plants of the phenological garden to annual and monthly precipitation and temperature of the air. The main variables in this investigation were growing season length and the beginning of the growing season. In the period 2006-2015, the lowest annual air temperature was in 2010 (6.0 °C), and the highest was in 2015 (8.9 °C). The lowest precipitation was in 2015 (37.3 mm), and the highest was in 2012 (63.5 mm). The leanest regression among growing length, average annual precipitation, and air temperature showed that statistically significant correlation between growing length and average annual air temperature was found for nine plants, between growing length and precipitation was found for three plants, and between growing length and both factors was found for one plant, Salix smithiana, only. Due to the short evaluating period (2007-2015), consistent regression of the length of the growing season could not be found. The growing length of Betula pubescens sequentially increased. The average growing season of 14 plants starts on April 27 (±3), but for Corylus avellana, it is on April 26 (±3). Longevity of the growing season was the most related with precipitation for C. avellana in summer, autumn, and winter and with air temperature, Ribes alpinum and Salix acutifolia in summer and in autumn.

Dose response of micronuclei induced by combination radiation of α-particles and γ-rays in human lymphoblast cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ren, Ruiping; He, Mingyuan; Dong, Chen; Xie, Yuexia; Ye, Shuang; Yuan, Dexiao [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032 (China); Shao, Chunlin, E-mail: clshao@shmu.edu.cn [Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)

2013-01-15

Highlights: ► α-Particle induced MN had a biphasic dose–response followed by a bystander model. ► MN dose–response of α- and γ-combination IR was similar to that of α-particle. ► α-Particles followed by γ-rays yielded a synergistic effect on MN induction. ► Low dose γ-rays triggered antagonistic and adaptive responses against α-particle. - Abstract: Combination radiation is a real situation of both nuclear accident exposure and space radiation environment, but its biological dosimetry is still not established. This study investigated the dose–response of micronuclei (MN) induction in lymphocyte by irradiating HMy2.CIR lymphoblast cells with α-particles, γ-rays, and their combinations. Results showed that the dose–response of MN induced by γ-rays was well-fitted with the linear-quadratic model. But for α-particle irradiation, the MN induction had a biphasic phenomenon containing a low dose hypersensitivity characteristic and its dose response could be well-stimulated with a state vector model where radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) was involved. For the combination exposure, the dose response of MN was similar to that of α-irradiation. However, the yield of MN was closely related to the sequence of irradiations. When the cells were irradiated with α-particles at first and then γ-rays, a synergistic effect of MN induction was observed. But when the cells were irradiated with γ-rays followed by α-particles, an antagonistic effect of MN was observed in the low dose range although this combination radiation also yielded a synergistic effect at high doses. When the interval between two irradiations was extended to 4 h, a cross-adaptive response against the other irradiation was induced by a low dose of γ-rays but not α-particles.

Neuronal-glial trafficking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bachelard, H.S.

2001-01-01

Full text: The name 'glia' originates from the Greek word for glue, because astro glia (or astrocytes) were thought only to provide an anatomical framework for the electrically-excitable neurones. However, awareness that astrocytes perform vital roles in protecting the neurones, which they surround, emerged from evidence that they act as neuroprotective K + -sinks, and that they remove potentially toxic extracellular glutamate from the vicinity of the neurones. The astrocytes convert the glutamate to non-toxic glutamine which is returned to the neurones and used to replenish transmitter glutamate. This 'glutamate-glutamine cycle' (established in the 1960s by Berl and his colleagues) also contributes to protecting the neurones against a build-up of toxic ammonia. Glial cells also supply the neurones with components for free-radical scavenging glutathione. Recent studies have revealed that glial cells play a more positive interactive role in furnishing the neurones with fuels. Studies using radioactive 14 C, 13 C-MRS and 15 N-GCMS have revealed that glia produce alanine, lactate and proline for consumption by neurones, with increased formation of neurotransmitter glutamate. On neuronal activation the release of NH 4 + and glutamate from the neurones stimulates glucose uptake and glycolysis in the glia to produce more alanine, which can be regarded as an 'alanine-glutamate cycle' Use of 14 C-labelled precursors provided early evidence that neurotransmitter GABA may be partly derived from glial glutamine, and this has been confirmed recently in vivo by MRS isotopomer analysis of the GABA and glutamine labelled from 13 C-acetate. Relative rates of intermediary metabolism in glia and neurones can be calculated using a combination of [1- 13 C] glucose and [1,2- 13 C] acetate. When glutamate is released by neurones there is a net neuronal loss of TCA intermediates which have to be replenished. Part of this is derived from carboxylation of pyruvate, (pyruvate carboxylase

El cuerpo y la policía: una mirada de la incorporación y de la subjetivación en la educación a través de la película "Tropa de Élite" The body and the police: incorporation and subjectification in education through a look of the film "Tropa de Elite"

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Eduardo Galak

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es un análisis de la película "Tropa de Élite" (2007, ganadora del prestigioso "Oso de oro" ("Goldener Bär", a la mejor película en el Festival de Cine de Berlín (Berlinale, en el cuál se trabajan principalmente los conceptos "cuerpo" y "policía", y secundariamente los de "educación", "la política" y "lo político". La idea, entonces, es pensar a la policía en un doble sentido: coloquial y académico. A través de los personajes de André Matias y Nascimento se narra las vidas de dos agentes de policías con historias distintas pero con una recurrencia que nos permite pensarlas críticamente: desde la teoría de la subjetivación política es posible observar los espacios en los que se manifiestan disciplinamientos de los cuerpos, incorporados y reproducidos a través de la educación. Y en este sentido, se hace explicita la mención a "Vigilar y castigar", de Michel Foucault, trabajada en las clases universitarias de André, y que sintetiza en muchos de sus párrafos el debate aquí presentado.This article is about the film "Tropa de Elite" (2007 -"Golden Bear" ("Goldener Bär" at the Berlin Film Festival (Berlinale -, working mainly the concepts "body" and "police", and secondarily "education", "politics" and "political". The main idea is to think the police in a double sense: colloquial and academic. Through the characters of Nascimento and André Matias, this paper shows the lives of two police officers with different life-stories. This allows us to think critically, thanks to the theory of "political subjectivity", and to analyze the disciplination of the bodies, embodied and reproduced through education. This movie makes an explicit reference to "Discipline and Punish" by Michel Foucault, worked in André's college classes. This book synthesized in many of its paragraphs the discussion presented here.

Reseñas de Libros

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Héctor Vega Deloya

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Arizpe, Lourdes, Culturas en movimiento: Interactividad cultural y procesos globales. México, Cámara de los diputados LIX Legislatura, UNAM, CRIM, Editorial Miguel Ángel Porrúa, 2006, 368 pp.Páginas 203-206Héctor Vega DeloyaCárcel Ortí, Vicente, La Iglesia y la transición española. Valencia, Edicep C. B., 2003, 342 pp.Páginas 206-207Gonzalo Ruiz BidónChaput, Marie-Claude (éd., De l´anarquisme aux courants alternatifs (XIX-XXIe siècles. Régards 9, París, Publidix, Université de Paris X-Nanterre, 2006, 460 pp.Páginas 208-210Francisco de Paula Villatoro SánchezChuse, Loren, Mujer y flamenco. Sevilla, Signatura Ediciones, 2007, 228 pp.Páginas 210-212Gema León RavinaCores Trasmonte, Baldomero; Luis Porteiro Garea, A Coruña, TresCtres, 2005, 260 pp.Páginas 212-213Israel Sanmartín BarrosDíez Torre, Alejandro R., Trabajan para la eternidad. Colectividades de Trabajo y Ayuda Mutua durante la Guerra Civil en Aragón. Madrid, La Malatesta Editorial, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2009, 540 pp.Páginas 213-216José Luis Gutiérrez MolinaGonin, Jean Marc; Guez, Olivier, La caída del Muro de Berlín, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2009, 367 pp.Páginas 216-217Mª del Rocío Piñeiro ÁlvarezHardy, Jane, Poland´s new capitalism, London, Pluto Press, 2009, 258 pp.Páginas 217-218Daniel Alcalde GüelfoKaplan, Robert D., Por tierra, mar y aire. Las huellas globales del ejército americano. Barcelona, Ediciones B, 2008, 542 pp.Páginas 218-220David Molina RabadánMartínez, Jesús Manuel, Salvador Allende. Oviedo, Ediciones Nobel, 2009, 402 pp.Páginas 220-223Juan Gustavo Núñez OlguínTravaglio, Marco, La scomparsa dei fatti. Milano, Collana Pamphlet, Il Sagiatore, 2006, 316 pp.Páginas 223-225Flavia PascarielloZertal, Idith; Eldar, Akiva, Lords of the Land: The War for Israeli´s Settlements in The Occupied Territories, 1967-2007. Nueva York, Nation Books, 2009, 531 pp.Páginas 225-227Javier Lión Bustillo

Acute alcohol response phenotype in heavy social drinkers is robust and reproducible.

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Roche, Daniel J O; Palmeri, Michael D; King, Andrea C

2014-03-01

In 3 previously published works (Brumback et al., 2007, Drug Alcohol Depend 91:10-17; King et al., 2011a, Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:389-399; Roche and King, 2010, Psychopharmacology (Berl) 212:33-44), our group characterized acute alcohol responses in a large group of young, heavy binge drinkers (n = 104) across a variety of subjective, eye-tracking, and psychometric performance measures. The primary goal of the current study was to directly replicate prior findings of alcohol response in heavy social drinkers (HD) in a second independent cohort (n = 104) using identical methodology. A secondary goal was to examine the effects of family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on acute alcohol response in both samples. Participants attended 2 randomized laboratory sessions in which they consumed 0.8 g/kg alcohol or a taste-masked placebo. At pre- and post-drink time points, participants completed subjective scales, psychomotor performance and eye-movement tasks, and provided salivary samples for cortisol determination. Results showed that the second cohort of heavy drinkers exhibited a nearly identical pattern of alcohol responses to the original cohort, including sensitivity to alcohol's stimulating and hedonically rewarding effects during the rising breath alcohol content (BrAC) limb, increases in sedation during the declining BrAC limb, a lack of cortisol response, and psychomotor and eye-tracking impairment that was most evident at peak BrAC. The magnitude and temporal pattern of these acute effects of alcohol in the second cohort were similar to the first cohort across all measures, with the exception of 3 eye-movement measures: pro- and antisaccade accuracy and antisaccade velocity. FH of AUD did not affect alcohol response in the first cohort, and this was replicated in the second cohort. In sum, in 2 independent samples, we have demonstrated that HD display a consistent and reliable sensitivity to alcohol's subjective effects and impairment of eye

Temporal changes of static stress drop as a proxy for poroelastic effects at The Geysers geothermal field, California

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Staszek, Monika; Orlecka-Sikora, Beata; Lasocki, Stanislaw; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Leptokaropoulos, Konstantinos; Martinez-Garzon, Patricia

2017-04-01

One of the major environmental impacts of shale gas exploitation is triggered and induced seismicity. Due to the similarity of fluid injection process data from geothermal fields can be used as a proxy for shale gas exploitation associated seismicity. Therefore, in this paper we utilize 'The Geysers' dataset compiled within SHale gas Exploration and Exploitation induced Risks (SHEER) project. The dependence of earthquake static stress drops on pore pressure in the medium was previously suggested by Goertz-Allmann et al. (2011), who observed an increase of the static stress drop with the distance from injection well during reservoir stimulation at Deep Heat Mining project in Basel, Switzerland. Similar observation has been done by Kwiatek et al. (2014) in Berlín geothermal field, El Salvador. In this study, we use a high-quality data from The Geysers geothermal field to determine whether the static stress drops and the stress drop distributions change statistically significantly in time or not, and how such changes are correlated with the values of hypocenter depth, water injection rate, and distance from injection well. For the analyses we use a group of 354 earthquakes, which occurred in the proximity of Prati-9 and Prati-29 injection wells. Spectral parameters of these earthquakes were determined using mesh spectral ratio technique. Our results indicate that: (1) the static stress drop variation in time is statistically significant, (2) median static stress drop is inversely related to median injection rate. Therefore, it is highly expected that static stress drop is influenced by pore pressure in underground fluid injection conditions. References: Goertz-Allmann B., Goertz A., Wiemer S. (2011), Stress drop variations of induced earthquakes at the Basel geothermal site. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L09308, doi:10.1029/2011GL047498. Kwiatek G., Bulut F., Bohnhoff M., Dresen G. (2014), High-resolution analysis of seismicity induced at Berlin geothermal field

Reservoir Changes Derived from Seismic Observations at The Geysers Geothermal Field, CA, USA

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Gritto, R.; Jarpre, S.

2012-04-01

Induced seismicity associated with the exploitation of geothermal fields is used as a tool to characterize and delineate changes associated with injection and production of fluids from the reservoir. At the same time public concern of felt seismicity has led to objections against the operation of geothermal reservoirs in close proximity to population centers. Production at the EGS sites in Basel (Switzerland) was stopped after renewed seismicity caused concern and objection from the public in the city. Operations in other geothermal reservoirs had to be scaled back or interrupted due to an unexpected increase in seismicity (Soultz-sous-forêt, France, Berlín, El Salvador). As a consequence of these concerns and in order to optimize the use of induced seismicity for reservoir engineering purposes, it becomes imperative to understand the relationship between seismic events and stress changes in the reservoir. We will address seismicity trends at The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir, CA USA, to understand the role of historical seismicity associated with past injection of water and/or production of steam. Our analysis makes use of a comprehensive database of earthquakes and associated phase arrivals from 2004 to 2011. A high-precision sub-set of the earthquake data was selected to analyze temporal changes in seismic velocities and Vp/Vs-ratio throughout the whole reservoir. We find relatively low Vp/Vs values in 2004 suggestive of a vapor dominated reservoir. With passing time, however, the observed temporal increase in Vp/Vs, coupled with a decrease in P- and S-wave velocities suggests the presence of fluid-filled fractured rock. Considering the start of a continuous water injection project in 2004, it can be concluded that the fluid saturation of the reservoir has successfully recovered. Preliminary results of 3-D velocity inversions of seismic data appear to corroborate earlier findings that the lowest Vp/Vs estimates are observed in the center of the reservoir

La influencia de «El fin de la historia» en la economía durante los años 90

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Sanmartín, Israel

2001-12-01

Full Text Available The fall of the wall of Berlin supposed a historical, political, intellectual and theoretical change. The famous thesis of Fukuyama on «the end of History» anticipated the fall of Comunism and served like one as the intellectual frames so that different phenomena were developed from 1989 to the present time: a the globalization or mundialización; b the «unique thought»; c the new economy. These phenomena, with the evolution of the history of the events have influenced definitively in the development economic American cycle from 1991, that it was broken the classic theory of the economic cycles. The thesis of «the end of History» has been debilitated, the globalization is theorized as a new imperialism and we are in a crisis of global Capitalism. Will they influence these new factors in the American economic cycle?

La caída del muro de Berlín supuso un cambio histórico, político, intelectual y teórico importante. La famosa tesis de Fukuyama sobre el «fin de la Historia» anticipó el derrumbe del llamado «socialismo real» y sirvió como uno de los «marcos intelectuales» para que se desarrollaran diferentes fenómenos desde 1989 hasta la actualidad. A saber, a La globalización o mundialización; b El pensamiento único; c La nueva economía. Estos fenómenos, junto con la evolución de la historia de los acontecimientos han influido definitivamente en el desarrollo del «ciclo económico estadounidense» que se ha desenvuelto desde 1991 y que ha roto la teoría clásica de los ciclos económicos. La tesis de «el fin de la Historia» ha dado muestras de debilidad, la globalización es teorizada por algunos como una «nueva forma» de imperialismo y otros ya hablan de una crisis del capitalismo global. ¿Influirán estos nuevos factores en el ciclo económico estadounidense?

Insights of asphaltene aggregation mechanism from molecular dynamics simulation

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Jennifer De León

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió el proceso de agregación de asfaltenos utilizando té cnicas de dinámica molecular. Se utilizaron cuatro estructuras diferentes. Las primeras tres moléculas tienen una estructura continental, con núcleos aromáticos condensador, mientras que la cuarta pose e una estructura tipo archipiélago, con pequeños grupos de anillos ar omáticos conectados con cadenas saturadas. Las moléculas fueron construidas de manera atomística, en la cual cada átomo se desc ribe individualmente. Se calcula ron las fuerzas de interacción a 300 K y 200 atm; las fuerzas de Van der W aals y las interacciones elect rostáticas fueron evaluadas separadamente. Se calculó el paráme tro de solubilidad para las cuatro molécu las. Se encontró que las inte racciones de Van der Waals asoc iadas a los anillos aromáticos y las fuerzas electrostáticas ocasionadas princ ipalmente por la presencia de heteroátomos como oxígeno, azufr e y nitrógeno, son igualmente r elevantes en la agregación de moléculas de asfalteno. Para todas las molé culas se encontró que los sistemas de asfaltenos tienen menor e nergía en estado de agregación que en estado monomérico. Para las estruct uras continentales, la presencia de largas cadenas obstruye el proceso de formación de agregados. Para las estructuras tipo archipiélago, la flexibilidad de las moléculas facilita la agregación con ot ras estructuras. La presencia de heteroátomos ocasiona una fuerza repulsiva que dificulta la agregación. El volumen molecular y la energía de c ohesión también son sensibles a la confi guración geométrica y la compos ición de las especies, lo cual afecta el parámetro de solubilidad.

Investigation of structural transformations in surface layer of phosphate glasses incorporating radiactive wastes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aloj, A.S.; Kolycheva, T.I.; Trofimenko, A.V.; Shashukov, E.A.

1985-01-01

The objective of the paper was to clarify possibilities of detection of structural transformations initial stages on the surface of phosphate glasses using the method of infrared reflection spectroscopy. Phase composition of crystalline compounds formed in surface glass layer is determined by the method of X-ray diffraction. All experiments were performed using sodium alumophosphate glass comprising the model mixture of fission product of the following compostion (mass%): Na 2 O-22.0, Al 2 O 3 -14.0, P 2 O 5 -50.0, Fe 2 O 3 -3.5, Cs 2 O-3.5, SrO-3.0, Ln 2 O 3 -4.0, where Ln 2 O 3 is a mixture of cerium, lanthanum and europium oxides. Sample preparation were carried out by molten glass deposition on platinum forms 15mm in diameter and 4mm thick. Glasses were treated within the 600-400deg.C temperature range. Fixing of processes accompanied by structural transformations was accomplished the method of rapid cooling. It has been shown that phase transformations, taking place in investigated phosphate glasses under the action of heat, result in deterioration of chemical properties. Analysis of IR spectra has revealed that emergence of structural transformations in surface layer of investigated glasses results in variation of a ratio of 1060 and 1140cm - 1 reflection band intensities. Experimental dependences of the time of beginning of variation of 1060 and 1140cm - 1 bands relative intensity on temperature are presented. Insemilogarithmic coordinates this dependence has a straight line form within the 600-400 deg C temperature range and is desc ribed by the following formular: lg r=-7.41+5.70x10 3 x1/T, where r is the time of process beginning, h. Extrapolation of established to the region of low temperature is shown. Competence of such extrapolation may be confirmed in the course of further experiments

Negative effects of a high tumour necrosis factor-α concentration on human gingival mesenchymal stem cell trophism: the use of natural compounds as modulatory agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Giacomelli, Chiara; Natali, Letizia; Nisi, Marco; De Leo, Marinella; Daniele, Simona; Costa, Barbara; Graziani, Filippo; Gabriele, Mario; Braca, Alessandra; Trincavelli, M Letizia; Martini, Claudia

2018-05-11

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and in regenerative processes. Among the different MSC types, the gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have arisen as a promising tool to promote the repair of damaged tissues secreting trophic mediators that affect different types of cells involved in regenerative processes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is one of the key mediators of inflammation that could affect tissue regenerative processes and modify the MSC properties in in-vitro applications. To date, no data have been reported on the effects of TNF-α on GMSC trophic activities and how its modulation with anti-inflammatory agents from natural sources could modulate the GMSC properties. GMSCs were isolated and characterized from healthy subjects. The effects of TNF-α were evaluated on GMSCs and on the well-being of endothelial cells. The secretion of cytokines was measured and related to the modification of GMSC-endothelial cell communication using a conditioned-medium method. The ability to modify the inflammatory response was evaluated in the presence of Ribes nigrum bud extract (RBE). TNF-α differently affected GMSC proliferation and the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) dependent on its concentration. A high TNF-α concentration decreased the GMSC viability and impaired the positive cross-talk between GMSCs and endothelial cells, probably by enhancing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the GMSC secretome. RBE restored the beneficial effects of GMSCs on endothelial viability and motility under inflammatory conditions. A high TNF-α concentration decreased the well-being of GMSCs, modifying their trophic activities and decreasing endothelial cell healing. These data highlight the importance of controlling TNF-α concentrations to maintain the trophic activity of GMSCs. Furthermore, the

A Governança Corporativa Influencia a Eficiência das Empresas Brasileiras?

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Igor Bernardi Sonza

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O conflito de interesses entre executivos e proprietários é uma questão amplamente difundida na academia, já documentada em 1932 por Berle e Means, trazendo à tona o clássico conflito de interesses entre agente e principal discutido pela Teoria da Agência. A premissa por trás da governança corporativa é que as pessoas que estão dentro das corporações não necessariamente agem visando o melhor para os provedores de fundos. Partindo deste pressuposto, o trabalho em questão visa verificar a influência dos aspectos de governança corporativa na eficiência das empresas de capital aberto brasileiras. O estudo une técnicas de otimização estática através de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA para identificar a eficiência das empresas de capital aberto, com Dados em Painel para identificar a influência da governança corporativa na eficiência das empresas. Os dados foram coletados manualmente dos relatórios 20-F da Security Exchange Commission (SEC das empresas brasileiras que possuem American Depositary Receipts (ADRs, já que a base de dados não está disponível, no Brasil, de uma forma completa. Grande parte das hipóteses foi confirmada, evidenciando as condições particulares das finanças corporativas no Brasil no que tange a Governança Corporativa. A incipiência do mercado de capitais brasileiro é percebida em várias análises, ressaltando que o histórico do sistema corporativo brasileiro é um dos limitantes da eficiência das empresas. As condições que prevalecem são: (i alta sobreposição propriedade-direção; (ii conselhos de administração de baixa efetividade; (iii em grupos familiares, os papéis dos acionistas, dos conselhos e da direção não são bem definidos; (iv existe pouca clareza quanto à relação benefício-custo da boa governança; (v baixa eficácia dos conselhos de administração; e (vi indícios de conflitos de interesses, relativizados por incentivos explícitos e implícitos.

LA CASA CON PATIO EN MIES VAN DER ROHE / House with patio from Mies van der Rohe

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José Altés Bustelo

2013-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Una revisión del tema Casa con Patio, con especial atención a los planteamientos desarrollados por Mies van der Rohe durante sus últimos años en Berlín, a propósito del conocido dibujo denominado “Casa con tres patios”. Se explora su pensamiento arquitectónico a partir de los datos historiográficos de su trayectoria, más los que se pueden deducir del análisis de los dibujos y croquis previos del arquitecto. El conjunto de proyectos en que aparece el tema es muy amplio durante ese tiempo y los dibujos conservados ofrecen múltiples reflexiones. Sobre ese soporte se examinan conceptos relativos a la definición espacial y formal, donde aparecen cuestiones que ligan esa definición con los sistemas y materiales constructivos. Malla estructural, muro, pared de vidrio y patio vividero, vinculados necesariamente a sus respectivas cualidades tectónicas, adquieren el sentido de materiales de proyecto utilizados para definir un particular modo de entender la arquitectura en el que el usuario está presente siempre como destinatario de la misma. Finalmente, se plantea la utilidad didáctica del análisis de esos dibujos para el progreso del conocimiento en el proyecto arquitectónico.SUMMARY A review of the theme, House with Patio, with special reference to the plans developed by Mies van der Rohe during his last years in Berlin, in relation to the well–known drawing called: “House with three patios”. His architectural thoughts are explored through the historiographic data of his career, plus those that can be deduced from the analysis of the architect’s previous drawings and sketches. The group of projects, in which the theme appears is prolific from that time, and the preserved drawings offer multiple opportunities for reflection. Concepts on that medium are examined, relative to spatial and formal definition, where questions appear that link that definition with the constructive systems and materials. Structural mesh

Futuro en pretérito: apropiaciones visuales del pasado en la ciencia ficción distópica / Future in a Past Tense: Dystopian Sci-Fi and Visual Appropriations from the Past

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Rafael Jackson-Martín

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Aunque la ciencia ficción suele asociarse al futuro por su carácter de anticipación, desde la década de 1960 varios cineastas han decidido incorporar imágenes del pasado. Con ellas, no solo han querido reforzar la verosimilitud de sus propuestas sino, principalmente, poner en tela de juicio el concepto lineal de la historia y del progreso potenciado desde la Ilustración. El objeto de este artículo será analizar el porqué de su aparición y, sobre todo, explicar el modo en que son representadas aquellas imágenes del pasado –incluso del pasado reciente– en la ciencia ficción distópica propia de la cinematografía mainstream, especialmente desde finales delos años 70. Por ello, el campo de estudio abarca alguna de las producciones más emblemáticas de directores situados en la esfera capitalista anterior a la caída del muro de Berlín, dado que la liberación de esas imágenes reprimidas actúa, además, como un comentario acerca del sistema económico sobre el cual se sustentan.Palabras clave: distopía, pasado, represión, nostalgia, modernidad, arquitectura, ciudad, siniestro.AbstractAlthough Sci-Fi movies are usually associated with the future, since the 1960s several filmmakers decided to incorporate some visual repertories from the past. This inclusion was determined not only to reinforce the credibility of their proposals but mainly to put into question the linear concept of history and progress enhanced by the Western society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons for its appearance and, above all, to explain how those images of the past are represented, even when they are related to recent times, into the Dystopian Sci-Fi created by the mainstream film-making, especially since the late 1970s. Thus, the field of study covers some of the most iconic productions made by filmmakers who live or were living in the West, before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Besides that, the release of those repressed images into

Photobacterium kishitanii sp. nov., a luminous marine bacterium symbiotic with deep-sea fishes.

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Ast, Jennifer C; Cleenwerck, Ilse; Engelbeen, Katrien; Urbanczyk, Henryk; Thompson, Fabiano L; De Vos, Paul; Dunlap, Paul V

2007-09-01

Six representatives of a luminous bacterium commonly found in association with deep, cold-dwelling marine fishes were isolated from the light organs and skin of different fish species. These bacteria were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and weakly oxidase-positive or oxidase-negative. Morphologically, cells of these strains were coccoid or coccoid-rods, occurring singly or in pairs, and motile by means of polar flagellation. After growth on seawater-based agar medium at 22 degrees C for 18 h, colonies were small, round and white, with an intense cerulean blue luminescence. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity placed these bacteria in the genus Photobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on seven housekeeping gene sequences (16S rRNA gene, gapA, gyrB, pyrH, recA, rpoA and rpoD), seven gene sequences of the lux operon (luxC, luxD, luxA, luxB, luxF, luxE and luxG) and four gene sequences of the rib operon (ribE, ribB, ribH and ribA), resolved the six strains as members of the genus Photobacterium and as a clade distinct from other species of Photobacterium. These strains were most closely related to Photobacterium phosphoreum and Photobacterium iliopiscarium. DNA-DNA hybridization values between the designated type strain, Photobacterium kishitanii pjapo.1.1(T), and P. phosphoreum LMG 4233(T), P. iliopiscarium LMG 19543(T) and Photobacterium indicum LMG 22857(T) were 51, 43 and 19 %, respectively. In AFLP analysis, the six strains clustered together, forming a group distinct from other analysed species. The fatty acid C(17 : 0) cyclo was present in these bacteria, but not in P. phosphoreum, P. iliopiscarium or P. indicum. A combination of biochemical tests (arginine dihydrolase and lysine decarboxylase) differentiates these strains from P. phosphoreum and P. indicum. The DNA G+C content of P. kishitanii pjapo.1.1(T) is 40.2 %, and the genome size is approximately 4.2 Mbp, in the form of two circular chromosomes. These strains represent a novel species, for

Čínsko-sovětské vztahy v globální studené válce. Zpráva o 24. berlínském kolokviu o soudobých dějinách

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolenovská, Daniela

2016-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 3 (2016), s. 487-490 ISSN 1210-7050 Institutional support: RVO:68378114 Keywords : Sino-Soviet relations * Cold War * contemporary history Subject RIV: AB - History OBOR OECD: History (history of science and technology to be 6.3, history of specific sciences to be under the respective headings)

Památník svobody a jednoty v Berlíně. Několik poznámek k debatě o potřebě „pozitivních památníků“ v Německu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vilímek, Tomáš

2015-01-01

Roč. 22, 3/4 (2015), s. 465-473 ISSN 1210-7050 R&D Projects: GA MK(CZ) DF11P01OVV034 Keywords : culture of memory * memorable places * dealing with the past Subject RIV: AB - History OBOR OECD: History (history of science and technology to be 6.3, history of specific sciences to be under the respective headings)

EN EL CENTENARIO DEL DESCUBRIMIENTO DEL MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS POR ROBERTO KOCH. 24 DE MARZO DE 1982

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Gilberto Rueda Pérez

1982-12-01

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Hace exactamente 100 años, señores académicos, Roberto Koch presentó en concisa, lacónica y podríamos decir perfecta comunicación, a la Sociedad de Fisiología de Berlín, la demostración de que la TBC tenía como causa única la proliferación en el organismo vivo, del germen denominado por él Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

Esta comunicación que hoy conmemoramos, cambió el curso de la microbiología, y sentó las bases para el desarrollo posterior del tratamiento etiológico de las enfermedades infecciosas. Años más tarde, Koch recibiría el máximo galardón otorgado por Nobel a los grandes benefactores de la humanidad, por este descubrimiento. Sería glorificado por sus
contemporáneos y por quienes posteriormente hemos tenido el privilegio de ejercer la medicina en el mundo civilizado, así como por quienes padecieron y padecen aún el terrible mal, al ver cercana su curación gracias a los descubrimientos recientes que han permitido derrotar al más temible enemigo de la patología humana: el Bacilo puesto en evidencia
por este retraído sabio alemán.

Pero no todo fue gloria y renombre en la vida de Roberto Koch. Vale la pena rememorar a grandes rasgos en este Centenario y ante esta Academia de Medicina Colombiana, algunos de los hechos sobresalientes de la vida de este hombre excepcional, que le dio luz en su época y le sigue dando a la ciencia en general, y que sentó premisas que siguen vigentes en nuestros días a través del postulado que lleva su nombre, ineludibles para quienes quieren demostrar científicamente hechos bacteriológicos.

Nace el 11 de diciembre de 1843 en la pequeña población de Klausthal en Hanover, y allí transcurre su primera juventud provinciana y sencilla para luego viajar a Gotinga, en cuya universidad estudia medicina, destacándose siempre por su dedicación y método en las asignaturas, recibiendo su doctorado en 1886, a los 23 años, bajo la tutela del Profesor

IEOH MING PEI: UNA IDEA, TRES VARIACIONES / Ieoh Ming Pei: one idea, three variations

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Alberto Donaire Rodríguez

2010-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMENEl texto siguiente es un resumen de mi lección de despedida, el 18 de noviembre de 2006, al jubilarme en la Escuela de Arquitectura de Sevilla. Como no se grabó y nunca llevo escritas mis clases, ésta es una reconstrucción basada en mi guión y en las notas tomadas por algunos asistentes, a los que agradezco su interés. Por vez primera se celebraba en la Escuela un acto de esta naturaleza, por iniciativa del entonces Director, Jaime Navarro Casas. A él agradezco su presencia y sus palabras, e igualmente a Juan Luis Trillo de Leyva, que hizo una especie de recorrido sentimental de mi paso por la Escuela, que escuché con emoción. En el mismo curso dieron luego su lección de despedida dos profesores que han dejado en nosotros honda huella, Rafael Manzano y José Luis Manzanares. Estos actos son un bello colofón de una carrera académica. La clase fue una reflexión sobre la arquitectura, al hilo del comentario de tres obras del arquitecto Ieoh Ming Pei en tres ciudades diferentes: las ampliaciones de la National Gallery de Washington, del Museo del Louvre de París y del Deutsches Historisches Museum de Berlín. SUMMARYThe following text is a summary of my valedictory lecture, on 18 November 2006, on my retirement from the School of Architecture of Seville. As it was not recorded, and my never having written up my classes, this is a reconstruction based on my outline and the notes taken by some of those present, whom I thank for their interest. This was the first time an act of this nature was held in the School, on the initiative of the then Director, Jaime Navarro Casas. I thank him for his presence and his words, and also Juan Luis Trillo de Leyva, who made a sort of sentimental journey of my time at the School, to which I listened with emotion. Later, valedictory lectures were given by two teachers who have left a profound imprint on us, Rafael Manzano and José Luis Manzanares. These acts are a beautiful conclusion to an

Josep Renau y la recuperación de una belleza comprometida

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Cabañas Bravo, Miguel

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Besides the question about the link between beauty and commitment, the paper analyses and proposes the restoration of both the existential and creative trajectory of Josep Renau (Valencia, 1907-Berlin, 1982, as one of the greatest Spanish modern painters without any doubt, but also a most singular, versatile and committed one. He was dedicated to painting, muralist painting, illustration, graphics and posters design or photomontage. His very intense development, in a sort of progression in relation to both socio-cultural commitment and artistic renovation, went through artistic and cultural stages of three significant countries binding his life, creativity and pilgrimage: Spain, Mexico and the former German Democratic Republic. Nevertheless, this commitment, so previously linked to his creative development, was simultaneously changing and varying from the impetuous commitment to the Spanish stage, to an endogen commitment of Mexican character and finally to the hexogen German stage, thus becoming from the seventies a functional implication adapted to the social requirement. At any rate, under such conditionings and during his development, he generated a kind of contingent or complex beauty –which we have called “committed beauty”-, the recovery of which must be undertaken while we also restore the figure of the artist himself.Junto a la pregunta por el vínculo de la belleza y el compromiso, se analiza y propone la recuperación conjunta de la trayectoria vivencial y creativa de Josep Renau (Valencia 1907-Berlín 1982, sin duda uno de los grandes creadores del arte español contemporáneo, pero también uno de sus artistas más singulares, polifacéticos y comprometidos. Dedicado a la pintura, el muralismo, la ilustración, el diseño gráfico, el cartel o el fotomontaje, su intensa evolución pasó, en una suerte de progresión respecto al compromiso socio-cultural y la renovación artística, por los ámbitos artístico-culturales de

Photon hormesis deactivates alpha-particle induced bystander effects between zebrafish embryos

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ng, C.Y.P.; Cheng, S.H.; Yu, K.N.

2017-01-01

In the present work, we studied the effects of low-dose X-ray photons on the alpha-particle induced bystander effects between embryos of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The effects on the naive whole embryos were studied through quantification of apoptotic signals (amounts of cells undergoing apoptosis) at 24 h post fertilization (hpf) using vital dye acridine orange staining, followed by counting the stained cells under a fluorescent microscope. We report data showing that embryos at 5 hpf subjected to a 4.4 mGy alpha-particle irradiation could release a stress signal into the medium, which could induce bystander effect in partnered naive embryos sharing the same medium. We also report that the bystander effect was deactivated when the irradiated embryos were subjected to a concomitant irradiation of 10 or 14 mGy of X-rays, but no such deactivation was achieved if the concomitant X-ray dose dropped to 2.5 or 5 mGy. In the present study, the significant drop in the amount of apoptotic signals on the embryos having received 4.4 mGy alpha particles together X-rays irradiation from 2.5 or 5 mGy to 10 or 14 mGy, together with the deactivation of RIBE with concomitant irradiation of 10 or 14 mGy of X-rays supported the participation of photon hormesis with an onset dose between 5 and 10 mGy, which might lead to removal of aberrant cells through early apoptosis or induction of high-fidelity DNA repair. As we found that photons and alpha particles could have opposite biological effects when these were simultaneously irradiated onto living organisms, these ionizing radiations could be viewed as two different environmental stressors, and the resultant effects could be regarded as multiple stressor effects. The present work presented the first study on a multiple stressor effect which occurred on bystander organisms. In other words, this was a non-targeted multiple stressor effect. The photon hormesis could also explain some failed attempts to observe neutron-induced bystander

U-Pb SHRIMP-RG zircon ages and Nd signature of lower Paleozoic rifting-related magmatism in the Variscan basement of the Eastern Pyrenees

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez, F.J.; Iriondo, A.; Dietsch, C.; Aleinikoff, J.N.; Peucat, J.J.; Cires, J.; Reche, J.; Capdevila, R.

2011-01-01

The ages of orthogneisses exposed in massifs of the Variscan chain can determine whether they are part of a pre-Neoproterozoic basement, a Neoproterozoic, Panafrican arc, or are, in fact, lower Paleozoic, and their isotopic compositions can be used to probe the nature of their source rocks, adding to the understanding of the types, distribution, and tectonic evolution of peri-Gondwanan crystalline basement. Using SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and Nd isotopic analysis, pre-Variscan metaigneous rocks from the N??ria massif in the Eastern Pyrenean axial zone and the Guilleries massif, 70km to the south, have been dated and their Nd signatures characterized. All dated orthogneisses from the N??ria massif have the same age within error, ~457Ma, including the Ribes granophyre, interpreted as a subvolcanic unit within Caradocian sediments contemporaneous with granitic magmas intruded into Cambro-Ordovician sediments at deeper levels. Orthogneisses in the Guilleries massif record essentially continuous magmatic activity during the Ordovician, beginning at the Cambro-Ordovician boundary (488??3Ma) and reaching a peak in the volume of magma in the early Late Ordovician (~460Ma). Metavolcanic rocks in the Guilleries massif were extruded at 452??4Ma and appear to have their intrusive equivalent in thin, deformed veins of granitic gneiss (451??7Ma) within metasedimentary rocks. In orthogneisses from both massifs, the cores of some zircons yield Neoproterozoic ages between ~520 and 900Ma. The age of deposition of a pre-Late Ordovician metapelite in the Guilleries massif is bracketed by the weighted average age of the youngest detrital zircon population, 582??11Ma, and the age of cross-cutting granitic veins, 451??7Ma. Older detrital zircons populations in this metapelite include Neoproterozoic (749-610Ma; n=10), Neo- to Mesoproterozoic (1.04-0.86Ga; n=7), Paleoproterozoic (2.02-1.59Ga; n=5), and Neoarchean (2.74-2.58Ga; n=3). Nd isotopic analyses of the N??ria and Guilleries

Soil and art: the Spanish Society of Soil Science calendar for 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Mataix-Solera, Jorge; Poch, Rosa M.; Díaz-Fierros, Francisco; Pérez-Moreira, Roxelio; Asins, Sabina; Porta, Jaume; Cortés, Amparo; Badía, David; Del Moral, Fernando

2017-04-01

The Spanish Society of Soil Science (SECS: www.secs.com.es) is preparing since 2009 a calendar dealing with a topic chosen by its members, with the main aim to disseminate the importance of the soil to the society. In this contribution, we want to show the calendar 2016, developed during 2015, (International Year of Soils) dedicated to soil and art. We chose, for the twelve months of the year, a selection of paintings where soil is present, and where we, as soil scientists, can interpret what the artist observed about the soil or its management. An introduction written by professor F. Díaz-Fierros describes the evolution of different styles in different regions of Western Europe and US, and how soil was reflected in artworks. The selected paintings date from XV century to current times, by autors of different schools of art and very varying styles. The main features shown in these paintings are soil colour, soil structure, horizonation, and even soil profiles that can be classified. Other paintings show ploughing as main land management practice, and also soil conservation practices and the effects of fire as soil degradation. Artworks included in the calendar (in order of appearance): The ploughed field. 1888. Vincent Van Gogh. Zundert, The Netherlands (1853-1869) Los Cigarrales (alrededores de Toledo). Aureliano de Beruete y Moret. ca. 1905. Casa del Museo Goya - Museo de Arte Hispánico. Castres (France) Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Miniature. Musée Condé, Bibliothèque, Chantilly (France)(1413-1416). Paul, Jean and Herman de Limbourg The Dunes near Haarlem. 1667. Jan Wijnants. (1632-1684). National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin. Archaeology: Rooted in the Past. 2010. GC Myers, New York, USA (1959) La forêt au sol rouge. 1891. Georges Lacombe, Versalles (1868-1916) Sitges des de la Creu de Ribes. 1892. Santiago Rusiñol. Barcelona (1861-1931). Courtesy of the Colección Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza (Madrid) De Kruisdraging. 1606. Pieter Brueghel the

Guidelines for acute management of hyperammonemia in the Middle East region

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Alfadhel M

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Majid Alfadhel,1,2 Fuad Al Mutairi,1,2 Nawal Makhseed,3 Fatma Al Jasmi,4 Khalid Al-Thihli,5 Emtithal Al-Jishi,6 Moeenaldeen AlSayed,7 Zuhair N Al-Hassnan,7,8 Fathiya Al-Murshedi,5 Johannes Häberle,9 Tawfeg Ben-Omran10 Middle East Hyperammonemia and Urea Cycle Disorders Scientific Group (MHUSG 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, 2King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Pediatrics, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jahra City, Kuwait; 4Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; 5Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; 6Salmaniya Medical Complex, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 7Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, 8The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 10Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Background: Hyperammonemia is a life-threatening event that can occur at any age. If treated, the early symptoms in all age groups could be reversible. If untreated, hyperammonemia could be toxic and cause irreversible brain damage to the developing brain.Objective: There are major challenges that worsen the outcome of hyperammonemic individuals in the Middle East. These include: lack of awareness among emergency department physicians about proper management of hyperammonemia, strained communication between physicians at primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals, and shortage of the medications used in the acute management of hyperammonemia. Therefore, the urge to develop regional guidelines is

Reviews | Reseñas de libros

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Pasado y Memoria

2015-12-01

�ÓN, Eduardo, Cuartel general. La vida del general Miaja en 30 capítulos, Edición a cargo de Ignacio Fernández de Mata, Palencia, Ediciones Cálamo, 2014, 236 pp. / Sergio Sánchez Collantes; CASANOVA, Julián; CENARRO, Ángela (eds.; LANGARITA, Estefanía; MORENO, Nacho; MURILLO, Irene, Pagar las culpas. La represión económica en Aragón (1936-1945, Barcelona, Crítica, 2014, 368 pp. / Francesc Vilanova; ALTED, Alicia; DOMERGUE, Lucienne, La cultura del exilio anarcosindicalista español en el sur de Francia, Madrid, Ediciones Cinca, 2012, 253 pp. / Chris Ealham; FORNER MUÑOZ, Salvador (ed., ¿El reencuentro europeo? A los veinticinco años de la caída del Muro de Berlín, Valencia, Tirant Humanidades, 2015, 316 pp. / Guillermo J. Pérez Casanova.

Music and politics after the Holocaust: Menuhin’s Berlin concerts of 1947 and their aftermath

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Frühauf, Tina

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Between September 27 and October 3, 1947, Yehudi Menuhin gave six performances in Berlin, two of them together with Wilhelm Furtwängler, who had just been cleared by the denazification tribunals in Austria and Germany. Because of the German audience and the Furtwängler collaboration, these concerts led to a scandal in the Jewish community and the Displaced Persons camp in Germany as well as Jewish communities abroad. I turn first to the historical background of these performances, specifically the position of Menuhin and Furtwängler toward each other and their roles in postwar Germany. I will then chronicle the events of September and October 1947 through the lenses of Abraham S. Hyman, legal consultant to the American Advisers on Jewish Affairs in Germany, and Yehudi Menuhin and his biographers, to reveal the complexity of the events. Lastly, I will scrutinize the reception of the concerts to shed light on the reasons for and impact of the scandal. I argue that these concerts were mishandled in their organization and aims, in that politics played too large a role in the events during a time when the Jewish people suffered severe trauma in the aftermath of the Holocaust.

Entre el 27 de septiembre y el 3 de octubre del 1947, Yehudi Menuhin ofreció seis conciertos en Berlín, dos de ellos con Wilhelm Furtwängler, quien acababa de ser declarado inocente por los tribunales de “desnazificación” en Austria y Alemania. Debido a que el público era alemán y a la participación de Furtwängler, estos conciertos provocaron un fuerte escándalo entre la comunidad judía y la población desplazada de los campos en Alemania, así como entre las comunidades judías en el extranjero. Mi investigación se centra, primero, en el contexto histórico de estos conciertos y, concretamente, la posición de Menuhin y Furtwängler hacia el uno al otro, así como sus respectivos papeles en la Alemania de la postguerra. Posteriormente ofrezco una relaci

Ocean Color and the Equatorial Annual Cycle in the Pacific

Science.gov (United States)

Hammann, A. C.; Gnanadesikan, A.

2012-12-01

upwelling acting on a mean temperature field contribute the largest term to SST variability (Köberle & Philander 1994; Li & Philander 1996). We examine whether it is changes in the surface currents (driven by the annual cycle of winds) or changes in the mean temperature fields (driven by enhanced penetration of solar radiation) that drive the differences between the coupled models. We do this using a simple linear equatorial-wave model, which, when forced with an annual harmonic of wind stresses, reproduces the essential characteristics of annual ocean current anomalies. The model solves the linearized Boussinesq equations by expansion into discrete modes in all spatial dimensions (McCreary 1981; Lighthill 1969). Both the wind forcing and the (laterally homogeneous) background density profile are constructed as approximations to the coupled model fields. The annual perturbation currents from the wave model are then used to advect the mean temperature fields from the coupled model experiments. While the difference in the mean stratification explains the difference between the 'green' and 'blue' cases. For the other two cases, it appears that changes in the annual wind fields need also be taken into account. An initial hypothesis is that the hemispheric asymmetry in the annual amplitude of wind stress curl that is most important in setting the amplitude of the annual cycle on the equator.

Ecos de Berlim: a influência do nacional-socialismo alemão no fascismo espanhol (1930-1940 = Echoes of Berlin: the influence of German National Socialism in Spanish fascism (1930-1940 = Ecos de Berlín: la influencia del nacionalsocialismo alemán en el fascismo español (1930-1940

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Núñez Seixas, Xosé M. (Manoel

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa a influência do nacional-socialismo alemão sobre o movimento fascista espanhol durante a sua primeira fase, ainda durante a guerra civil e primeira pós-guerra. Além do fascínio pela figura de Hitler, os fascistas espanhóis admiravam a modernidade da propaganda e agitação nazista. A admiração era partilhada pela direita católica. Ainda que o antissemitismo biológico constituísse um problema, todos consideravam Hitler como a defesa mais eficaz perante a “expansão bolchevique”

Ekkehart Krippendorff, investigador para la Paz. Una biografía intelectual

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Francesco Pistolato

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Ekkehart Krippendorff, nacido en 1934, es un ilustre investigador para la paz alemán, prácticamente ignoto en el mundo hispano-hablante por falta de estudios sobre él y de traducción de sus obras más importantes. Educado en el nazismo y en la Alemania del Oeste de la posguerra, profundiza su formación en Ciencias Políticas en los EEUU a comienzos de los años Sesenta. Regresado a Alemania, en 1966 publica la antología Political Science, una introducción al estudio de las Ciencias Políticas estadounidenses, en aquella época desconocidas en Alemania.A pesar de su admiración a la democracia estadounidense, Krippendorff critica la política imperialista de los EEUU con el ensayo “Amerikanische Politik in Asien” de 1963 y con Die amerikanische Strategie de 1970. Su posición anticonformista impide su ingreso en la Universidad de Berlín hasta finales de los años Setenta, después de varias experiencias de docencia en los EEUU y en Italia.En los años Ochenta se compromete en el movimiento contra la instalación de los misiles de medio alcance en Alemania. Su obra teórica principal, Staat und Krieg (El Estado y la guerra de 1985 se convierte en un clásico del pacifismo en los países de idioma alemán. En ésta explica que el Estado moderno nació para reglamentar a las tropas mercenarias y garantizar a los poderosos la fuerza necesaria no sólo para defenderse de los ataques externos y para conquistar nuevos territorios, sino para controlar a los ciudadanos de su mismo país. Además de proporcionar varios ejemplos históricos para fundamentar su tesis, la obra demuestra la insensatez de las políticas de potencia con citas de literatos, filósofos y otros estudiosos de ciencias humanas. Un excursus dedicado al Tolstoi pacifista concluye esta obra riquísima e inclasificable, quizás ante todo un tratado sobre la necesidad de desconfiar de los políticos y de participar activamente en la política nacional.En los últimos veinte a

Efecto de la temperatura de la Rizosfera sobre la distribución de la materia seca en uchuva (Physalis peruviana L. Effect of rizosphere temperature on the dry matter distribution in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.

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Fischer Gerhard

1998-12-01

Full Text Available En el hábitat natural de la uchuva en Colombia (de 1.600 a 2.800 msnm la temperatura edáfica varía de acuerdo con los
factores climatológicos determinados por la altitud y por el manejo que se le de al suelo y al cultivo. Para estudiar el efecto de la temperatura en la rizosfera sobre la distribución
de la materia seca en la uchuva y encontrar mecanismos de adaptación al altiplano colombiano, se cultivaron durante 11 semanas los ecotipos 'Colombia' y 'Sudáfrica' con temperaturas edáficas de 8, 15, 22 y 29°C bajo invernadero en Berlín, Alemania. Se utilizaron macetas plásticas de 2,5 L de capacidad y arena de cuarzo como substrato. Con el
aumento de la temperatura en la rizosfera creció la producción de biomasa hasta un máximo a 22 y 29°C dependiendo del órgano de la planta y del ecotipo. La mayor acumulación de materia seca la obtuvo 'Colombia' a 29°C y 'Sudáfrica' a 22°C. Con 8°C de temperatura radical las plantas produjeron poca masa seca radical y foliar, mientras la materia de los frutos disminuyó en menor proporción, debido posiblemente a mecanismos de adaptación a los suelos fríos del altiplano. Los 22°C fomentaron más el crecimiento de las ramas principales, mientras las laterales tuvieron su óptimo a 29°C, posiblemente debido a un efecto hormonal. La mayor acumulación de materia seca en raíces,
hojas y frutos del ecotipo 'Colombia' a 29°C se puede interpretar como una adaptación a los suelos calientes de las laderas expuestas al sol.
In the natu ral habitat of cape gooseberry in Colombia, on sites from 1.600 to 2.800 m.a.s.l., soil temperature is affected by c1imatologicfactors, which are determined by the altitud and cultural and soil management practices. In order to study the effect of rizosphere temperature on the distribution of dry matter in the cape gooseberry plant and to find mecanisms of adaptation to the Colombian highland conditions, during 11 weeks 'Colombia' and

Las ideas, los valores y los conocimientos de las elites republicanas que construyeron nación y fundaron la universidad libre y laica a comienzos del siglo xx en Colombia

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JAIME MEJIA GUTIÉRREZ

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo escudriña en la historia de las mentalidades de las élites intelectuales colombianas en el período histórico comprendido entre 1886 y 1930, que motivadas en su accionar político en las esencias liberales radicales y en las visiones de la naturaleza y la sociedad desde la masonería, respondieron con la creación de una universidad libre y laica, a la instalación de una estructura de Estado confesional, además, motivado por la consolidación de estructuras de dependencia de la Iglesia Católica en la orientación de la educación pública. Entre estas instituciones se encuentran la Universidad Externado de Colombia, la Universidad Republicana y la Universidad Libre. Las ideas del positivismo, los valores de la nacionalidad comprometida con la libertad, el derecho a la libre expresión con tolerancia del pensamiento diverso y los conocimientos del Derecho, la Ingeniería, la Medicina, la Artes, el empresarismo, confluyen en un contexto de confrontaciones civiles militares, que al desangrar la nación a finales del siglo XIX, convierten a algunos intelectuales liberales en promotores de una gesta de paz y convivencia con el respeto a los conocimientos científicos y a las corrientes ideológicas y políticas renovadoras de las viejas concepciones del Estado autoritario y jerárquico. En las argumentaciones de los actores y los intereses, encontramos las fuentes de inspiración de una enseñanza libre, en búsqueda de la ciencia a la manera del modelo de la Universidad Libre de Berlín, fundada por Guillermo Humboldt. La influencia de la Iglesia Católica a través de las encíclicas, con la participación política de sacerdotes y prelados, crea condiciones para una respuesta más laica, autónoma y de búsqueda de ideales de compromiso con la formación de un Estado Nación más incluyente, más efectivo en el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas y en la instalación de un modelo de desarrollo industrial y comercial que

The role of rock fragment cover on soil erosion in conventional vineyards in Eastern Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigo Comino, Jesús; Jordán, Antonio; García-Díaz, Andrés; Brevik, Eric C.; Pereira, Paulo; Keesstra, Saskia; Novara, Agata; Cerdà, Artemi

2017-04-01

and Vegetation Affect Soil Erosion in Eastern Spain. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63. doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300020014x Cerdà, A., 1997. Soil erosion after land abandonment in a semiarid environment of southeastern Spain. Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. 11, 163-176. doi:10.1080/15324989709381469 Jiménez, M.N., Fernández-Ondoño, E., Ripoll, M.Á., Castro-Rodríguez, J., Huntsinger, L., Navarro, F.B., 2016. Stones and Organic Mulches Improve the Quercus Ilex L. Afforestation Success Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions. Land Degrad. Dev. 27, 357-365. doi:10.1002/ldr.2250 Martínez-Casasnovas, J.A., Ramos, M.C., Ribes-Dasi, M., 2005. On-site effects of concentrated flow erosion in vineyard fields: some economic implications. Catena 60, 129-146. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2004.11.006 Prosdocimi, M., Cerdà, A., Tarolli, P., 2016. Soil water erosion on Mediterranean vineyards: A review. Catena 141, 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.010 Rodrigo Comino, J., Brings, C., Lassu, T., Iserloh, T., Senciales, J., Martínez Murillo, J., Ruiz Sinoga, J., Seeger, M., Ries, J., 2015. Rainfall and human activity impacts on soil losses and rill erosion in vineyards (Ruwer Valley, Germany). Solid Earth 6, 823-837. doi:10.5194/se-6-823-2015 Rodrigo Comino, J., Iserloh, T., Lassu, T., Cerdà, A., Keestra, S.D., Prosdocimi, M., Brings, C., Marzen, M., Ramos, M.C., Senciales, J.M., Ruiz Sinoga, J.D., Seeger, M., Ries, J.B., 2016. Quantitative comparison of initial soil erosion processes and runoff generation in Spanish and German vineyards. Sci. Total Environ. 565, 1165-1174. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.163

Cuadernos de Antropología Social Nº 43

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. .

2016-06-01

carrera de Artes Electrónicas de la UNTREF y el Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa de la Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. Lleva adelante el proyecto “Verbal Portraits/Retratos Verbales”. Proyecto de investigación artístico sobre cognición y juicio social en grupos de inmigrantes en Argentina y Refugiados sirios en Austria. Ars Electronica Center, Muntref Arte-Ciencia Untref. Coordina el Museo de la Untref Arte – Ciencia en Tecnópolis. Fue coordinador el Programa de Arte Interactivo del Espacio Fundación Telefónica entre 2004 y 2013. Estudió Ciencias Físicas en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y arte en la Internationale Akademie Für Bildende Kunst Salzburg de Austria. Inicialmente trabajó en el campo de la pintura y la instalación. A partir de la confluencia entre su formación artística y científica, investigó en entornos sensoriales interactivos utilizando tecnologías digitales y aplicando paradigmas científicos en el Theater, Film and TV Department de la UCLA. Ha sido consultor para el programa de Arte, Ciencia y Tecnología de la Fundación Daniel Langlois de Canadá. Realizó numerosas exposiciones: Bryce Wolkowitz Gallery, New York; Galería Ruth Benzacar, Buenos Aires; Festival Ars Electrónica 2013; Fundación Proa, Buenos Aires; XI Bienal La Habana 2012, Cuba; Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires (MAMBA; Fundación Telefónica Chile, Buenos Aires y Madrid; Akademie der Küste Berlín, 2010; Ars Electronica – Festival de la ciudad de Mexico; Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires (MALBA; PULSE Miami 2013; AIPAD Photography Show 2014, New York; Art Basel Miami Beach; Centro Cultural del Banco do Brazil Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, entre otras.

Study on Radioecology and Tracer of Iodine-129

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiaolin, Hou

2004-01-01

Iodine-129 (15.7 Ma) is a naturally occurring radioisotope of iodine. The ratio of 129 I/ 127 I was estimated to be ∼ 10 -12 in the ocean and 10 -11 in the territorial environment in pre-nuclear era, releases from nuclear weapon tests have increased this ratio to ∼ 10 -10 . However, a large amount of iodine-129 was released from various nuclear facilities, and the greatest releases of 129 I are from two European reprocessing plants, especially in recent years. By 1998, 2600 Kg and 220 Kg 129 I have been discharged to the marine environment and atmosphere from La Hague (France) and Sellafield reprocessing plants, respectively. This amount is tens times larger than the total 129 I inventory in the pre-nuclear ocean and weapon test releases. Although there is no significant radiation risk for the human health at present level of 129 I, the continuously increasing production and release of 129 I make the accumulation of 129 I in the environment, immigration, cycle and long term radioecological risk should be give more attention due to its long half-life, high accumulation in human thyroid and high mobility. Iodine is a conservative element in the ocean, the large amount of iodine-129 discharged to the marine system can therefore be used as a oceanographic tracer to study the physical dispersion, mixing and circulative processes of water mass in the ocean. In Riso national laboratory, a radiochemical neutron activation analysis method was developed, using this method the radioecology and tracer of iodine-129 was studied. Some representative works are presented below. (1) Evaluation of radiation exposure of humans to iodine-129. The human and animal thyroids collected from different places, such as Tianjin in China, Gemol in Belarus, Ribe in Denmark, human urine in Denmark, seafood in China were analysed for iodine-129 concentration and 129 I/ 127 I ratio, the exposure level were compared with other places. (2) Reconstruction of radiation dose from I-131 in the

El Informe Valech y la tortura masiva y sistemática como crimen contra la humanidad cometido en Chile durante el régimen militar. Su enjuiciamiento desde la perspectiva del derecho penal internacional: Apuntes a propósito de la obra del Prof. Dr. Kai Ambos, Der Allgemeine Teil des Völkerstrafrechts, 2 ed., Duncker und Humblot, Berlín 2004, 1058 páginas

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Jean Pierre Matus A.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se reseña el texto del Prof. Dr. Kai Ambos, Der Allgemeine Teil des Völkerstrafrechts y, al mismo tiempo, se propone la aplicación de los principales resultados de esa obra para un eventual enjuiciamiento de la tortura masiva y sistemática aplicada en Chile entre 1973 y 1990, tal y como se describe en el Informe de la Comisión Nacional de Prisión Política y Tortura (Informe Valech. Así, se comienza describiendo y analizando la sistematización propuesta por Ambos para una parte general del derecho penal internacional, luego se analiza la tortura como crimen contra la humanidad, sujeto a las reglas del derecho penal internacional. En este apartado se determinan sus elementos principales (el carácter masivo y sistemático, el Tribunal competente en Chile para conocer de estas causas y el procedimiento aplicable. A continuación se describen los hechos, tal y como se dieron a conocer en el Informe Valech, que permiten concluir que en Chile se aplicó la tortura de manera masiva y sistemática durante el régimen militar, favorecida por éste, mediante el establecimiento de una "maquinaria" de represión "legalizada". Enseguida, se determina la existencia de una responsabilidad penal internacional individual derivada de estos hechos, para, a continuación, pasar a analizar los principales problemas de la parte general del derecho penal internacional que se presentarían en el caso de juzgarse tales responsabilidades individuales, siguiendo el esquema de análisis en dos niveles propuesto por Kai Ambos, a saber, discutiendo primero los presupuestos objetivos y subjetivos de esa responsabilidad, para finalizar analizando las principales defensas que podrían oponerse por los eventuales acusados.This article reviews Prof. Dr. Kai Ambos' book, Der Allgemeine Teil des Völkerstrafrechts, and proposes the application of the main results of this book to the possible trial of the acts of massive and systematic torture carried out in Chile between 1973 and 1990, described in the report of the National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture (also known as the Valech Report. We therefore begin by describing and analyzing Prof. Ambos' system for a general part of international penal law, and then torture is analyze as a crime against humanity, subject to the rules of international penal law. Here we determine its main elements (a massive and systematic character, the competent tribunal in Chile for this matters, and the procedure to be applied. We next turn to the description of the facts, as rendered in the Valech Report, which brings us to the conclusion that torture was applied in Chile in a massive and systematic way during the military regime, which supported it through the establishment of a "legalized" repression "machinery". Next, the existence of an individual penal responsibility derived from these facts is determined, followed by the analysis of the main problems of the general part of international penal law which would emerge if those responsible individuals were brought to trial. In this we follow the two-level scheme of analysis proposed by Kai Ambos, namely, discussing first the objective and subjective presuppositions for this responsibility, and then turning to the analysis of the main defenses available to the defendants.

Enfermedad de Hirschsprung

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Gonzalo López Escobar

1990-04-01

Full Text Available

Definición
La enfermedad de Hirschsprung, megacolon congénito o agangliónico, o Aganglionosis Intestinal Congénita, es una anomalía caracterizada por la ausencia congénita de células ganglionares del sistema parasimpático de los piejos intermientéricos de Auerbach, situado entre las capas musculares, circular y longitudinal, y el submucoso de Meissner; con conducción inefectiva del peristaltismo, ocasionando obstrucción funcional (24, 37, 65, 82, 120, 130, 134.

Historia
La descripción del megacolon congénito fue hecha por e! pediatra danés, HARALD HIRSCHSPRUNG, en 1886, en el Congreso de Pediatría de Berlín, donde describió dos casos, un niño de 7, Y otro de II meses de edad, quienes murieron, y al practicar la autopsia observó “dilatación enorme del colon”, con fecalomas en su interior y ulceraciones de la mucosa. Su informe apareció en la literatura médica un año después, en 1887.

Sin embargo, la prime¡a anotación de esta alteración se le asigna a FREDERICK RUYSCH, quien en 1691, publicó en Amsterdam, en la Revista “Observationum AnatomiciChirurgicarum Centuria”, la descripción de la autopsia de una niña de cinco años quien había sido tratada por dolor y distensión abdominal, y flatos, finalmente murió; al abrir el cadáver pudo apreciar “todas las vísceras abdominales cubiertas por el colon distendido desde el recto”, descartó lo demás por considerarlo normal. (67, 129.

En 1825, Parry hizo la primera descripción en la literatura inglesa, de un joven de 23 años quien sufría de estreñimiento. (69, 129.

En 1829, Billar, informó dos casos similares.

En 1867, Lewitt, en Ann Arbor, Michigan, informó el primer caso en la literatura americana, de un joven de 21 años, con dolores abdominales y distensión, y al practicar el tacto anal encontró gran masa que ocupaba toda la pelvis, al parecer un fecaloma. (129.

Sida- Tuberculosis La Epidemia del Siglo XXI

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Gilberto Rueda Pérez

1994-03-01

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La tuberculosis ha acompañado al hombre desde sus orígenes. Debido a su enorme contagiosidad se convirtió con el pasar de los años en un proceso endémico a nivel mundial que, por no tener causa conocida llevó al hombre a atribuirla a procesos sobrenaturales que incluían a partir del Levítico (Cuadro 1 el castigo de Dios.

Fue solamente hasta 1882, cuando Roberto Koch tras completa investigación bacteriológica presentó sus estudios ante la Sociedad de Fisiología de Berlín en los cuales demostró, sin lugar a dudas, que la tuberculosis era producida por contaminación del hombre por el Micobacterium tuberculosis aclarando de una vez por todas la etiología y la forma de transmisión de la enfermedad.

Este descubrimiento científico se puede considerar el más grande en la historia de la tuberculosis y después del descubrimiento de las bacterias por Pasteur, el más destacado en la historia de la Bacteriología. Este llevó a los científicos del mundo entero a la máxima exultación pues, al conocerse su causa etiológica bacteriana, era de suponer que la curación del proceso estaba al alcance de la ciencia pues las investigaciones deberían dirigirse hacia el producto farmacéutico o biológico que pudiera atacar y destruir el bacilo; el mismo Koch produjo la tuberculina, derivada de las proteínas del bacilo y consideró erróneamente que ésta constituiría el elemento necesario para la curación de la TBC. Pero esto no fue así, la tuberculina no conducía a la curación y en la actualidad se utiliza como método de detección de infección tuberculosa únicamente.

Koch defendió hasta su muerte el efecto curativo de la tuberculina.

La tuberculosis continuó atacando al hombre a través de los años y aunque en las últimas décadas la incidencia disminuía en forma persistente entre un 2 y un 5% anual a consecuencia de los métodos de control establecidos, vino a observarse que esta tendencia

Cambio de los carbohidratos en el fruto de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L. durante su desarrollo en relación al cáliz y las hojas Developmental changes of carbohydrates in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L. fruits in relation to the calyx and the leaves

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Fischer Gerhard

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Glucosa, fructosa, sacarosa y almidón se analizaron en frutos, cáliz y las dos hojas más cercanas al fruto durante el desarrollo de la uchuva bajo condiciones de invernadero de vidrio en Berlín-Alemania. El cáliz se eliminó totalmente o, verticalmente la mitad, a los 5; 25 y 45 días después del cuajamiento del fruto (DCF. Los frutos que se desarrollaron completamente sin cáliz redujeron sus tazas de crecimiento significativamente a partir de 10-15 días DCF. Los frutos con medio cáliz o aquellos con un cáliz separado a los 25 o los 45 días no fueron afectados en su crecimiento. En frutos y cálices, las tazas más altas de incremento de todos los carbohidratos se midieron durante los primeros 10 a 20 días de su desarrollo. En ambos órganos, la sacarosa tuvo las concentraciones más altas y aumentó considerablemente a partir de 20 a 30 días DCF en frutos y, a partir de 40 a 50 días, en cáliz. Los contenidos de la glucosa y fructosa se incrementaron en un nivel más bajo que la sacarosa y ambos mostraron un comportamiento muy similar en el fruto. El almidón disminuyó en forma constante en el fruto y en el cáliz a partir de los 10 a 20 días DCF y hasta la cosecha (60 días. En las hojas, el contenido más alto de los carbohidratos lo presentó el almidón siguiéndose una curva de Gauss durante el crecimiento del fruto. La sacarosa disminuyó en las hojas después de 40 días DCF, debido, probablemente, a un aumento de la translocación al fruto. En la madurez, los frutos secos tuvieron 47,2 % de carbohidratos y los cálices y las hojas, 5,7 y 7,4 %, respectivamente. Los frutos con cáliz separado a los cinco días DCF presentaron una menor concentración en los monosacáridos durante el crecimiento inicial y un menor contenido de sacarosa durante la mitad de su desarrollo. De los carbohidratos analizados, el almidón fue el más alto durante todas las etapas del desarrollo de los frutos que crecieron completamente sin el c

One the way to European Union: changes in the Czech education system during the last fifteen years

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Milada Rubusicová

2004-01-01

mutual convergence of their optimal solutions, namely not only within the EU member states.El objetivo de este articulo es presentar una descripción de los cambios que han tenido lugar en la República Checa desde el inicio de la década de los años 90 hasta el presente. Ha sido un periodo trascendental en la historia de la República Checa. La caída del muro de Berlín en 1989, y todo lo que supuso para los países del Este de Europa que orbitaban bajo la influencia soviética, trajo entre otras consecuencias la división de Checoslovaquia en la República Checa y Eslovaquia. Desde entonces, la República Checa ha situado en su agenda de política exterior el ingreso en la Unión Europea (UE, hecho que se ha producido en mayo de 2004. Su deseo de integración en la UE ha desembocado en profundas transformaciones sociales políticas y económicas. Pero el horizonte europeo ha obligado también a cambios de rumbo en el campo de la educación. La primera parte del articulo se inicia con una breve semblanza sobre la situación educativa en esos momentos iniciales del cambio; situación que la autora define como la típica situación de un modelo socialista de educación. Continua después esa parte con una especificación tanto de los aspectos educativos más criticados en aquel momento como de las áreas consideradas susceptibles de una mejora y, por tanto, sobre las que se hacían unas mayores demandas de cambio. A continuación el articulo se detiene en la evolución de los cambios y de las reformas educativas en los años siguientes. Se lleva a cabo, además una interesante periodización de dichas reformas sobre la base de una propuesta de modelo que se ha creado como un enfoque posible para los países ex-socialistas en transición. El modelo supone una categorización que habla de "reformas correctivas", "reformas modernizadoras", "reformas estructurales" y "reformas de sistema". Para cada uno de esos componentes del modelo la autora repasa las reformas de la Rep

Comentario al Libro Juan de Dios Carrasquilla, Hombre de Ciencia”

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José Félix Patiño Restrepo

2004-06-01

escritos de Carrasquilla refutando las espeluznantes descripciones de la enfermedad que hacían Emilia Pardo Bazan en Europa y el doctor Ricardo de la Parra entre nosotros. Sus artículos sobre las manifestaciones clínicas de la lepra, publicados en 1905 en los Anales de la Academia de Medellín, son “clásicos por la excelencia de su estilo y la sobriedad y precisión de los conceptos expresados en ellos”, escribe De Francisco.

La vida de Carrasquilla estuvo marcada por triunfos, pero también sinsabores. El gobierno del Presidente Caro creó en 1895 el Instituto Carrasquilla para el estudio y el tratamiento de la enfermedad bajo la dirección de Juan de Dios Carrasquilla. Allí se desarrolló una importante labor científica no sólo en lepra sino en otros campos. Pero a finales de 1897, cuando Carrasquilla presentaba sus estudios en la Conferencia Internacional de Berlín, el gobierno de Caro clausuró el Instituto.

El doctor Juan de Dios Carrasquilla falleció a los 75 años de edad, el 14 de julio de 1908. En medio de la consternación de la ciudadanía, sus exequias se realizaron el día siguiente. El doctor Luis Zea Uribe pronunció la oración fúnebre. Adolfo De Francisco Zea reproduce las palabras de Zea Uribe que “retratan de manera admirable la noble figura del sabio”. También transcribe De Francisco la conferencia pronunciada en 1923 en el Teatro Colón de Bogotá, por el doctor Luis Zea Uribe en favor de los leprosos de Agua de Dios: “Juan de Dios Carrasquilla es una de las más limpias glorias de la patria… La patria colombiana teje la más pura corona de su gratitud y de su admiración sobre las sienes del modesto sabio, que fue un gran patriota y un corazón excelente”...

Rattraper le nouvel Occident : « L’initiative d’excellence » allemande, les études régionales et la re-production des inégalités Alemania : Excelencia alemana y Areas de Estudios o como traer al eurocentrismo por la puerta de atrás. Catching Up with the (New West: German “Excellence Initiative,” Area Studies and the Re-Production of Inequality

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Manuela Boatcă

2012-07-01

professed more egalitarian and meritocratic system of self-designated “knowledge societies”.Second, using the examples of recent calls for grant applications by Germany‘s ministry of education and state-funded research agencies, the paper zooms in on the revival of area studies as one of the prominent targets of the excellence initiative and funding in order to show how strong state financial support for inequality and democratization research (in the context of Latin American studies and transformation research (in the context of Eastern European studies reinforces the main assumptions of modernization theory and reproduces the asymmetries of knowledge production characteristic of Euro- and state-centered approaches to the issues in question.ResumenDesde el principio de las recientes reformas universitarias en Alemania, la nueva división del trabajo académico siguió fielmente al modelo estadounidense de división entre enseñanza e investigación al crear por una parte una “Universidad de élite” que goza de considerables subvenciones de Estado y al querer reducir el resto a pedagogías de curriculum/curriculos estandares que solo pueden atribuir grados de licenciaturas, o a lo mejor de maestrías, y donde la carga de enseñanza no permite (casi ningún trabajo de investigación. La denominada “Iniciativa Excelencia”, proceso de evaluación que se desarrolló entre 2006 y 2007 y durante el cual 9 universidades – de las cuales, la Universidad Libre de Berlín, la Universidad de Munich y la de Heidelberg – fueron designadas “Universidades de élite”, representa hasta ahora el ejemplo más obvio y el más institucionalizado de política de Estado que confia el trabajo de investigación a instituciones especializadas, como los institutos Max Planck, Leibniz o las sociedades Fraunhofer creados en los años 70 y 80. Sin embargo, si estas primeras experiencias creaban una gama amplia de oportunidades de empleo para los investigadores, la meta de esta

From Editor vol 11, No.4

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Ugur Demiray

2010-10-01

existed.The implementation of online system had reduced the man-hours required in manual processing of all data significantly, and also reduced chances of erroneous results in the process making the system robust. The fourth notes for Editor written by Kadir ULUSOY on Open Education Students’ Perspectives on Using Virtual Museums Application in Teaching History Subjects. He is from Mersin University Faculty of Education, Mersin, TURKEY. The study was made to determine whether the attitudes of the open education faculty students, will be changed or not by virtual museum application. The pre-test and post-test model of the experimental design was used in the research. A significant difference was determined in the students’ opinions concerning the post test data’s prepared to measure the attitudes towards the history lesson after the application. As a result, the students had a favourable opinion on the virtual museum application in history lessons by observing variable documents and sources. The first article is a joint study which its authors are from Israel, on “Indicator For Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Tpack Evaluation of Online Tasks” written by Anat OSTER-LEVINZ and Aviva KLIEGER, Beit Berl Academic College. The aim of this study was indicated that the Information Communication Technology era teachers will have to wisely use the online environment in order to realize a new pedagogy. They found in their research that teachers can use this indicator for evaluating the quality of the tasks that were developed as well as to test the improvement that took place in their tasks over time. The Second article is on “The Use of Facebook For Online Discussions Among Distance Learners”, written by Tina LIM, Open University Malaysia, MALAYSIA. Paper describes the use of Facebook as a platform for academic discussions among distance learners. It offers a glimpse into how mobile learning via SMS together with Facebook was used to support and enhance

Efecto de la salinidad por cloruro de sodio sobre el balance de nutrientes en plantas de lulo (Solanum quitoense L.

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Casierra Posada Fanor

2000-12-01

-height: 115%; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;" lang="EN-US">experiment site was the Horticulture Institute of the Humboldt University in Berlin (Germany. The influence ofNaCI salinity on the uptake of analyzed ions, salinity accumulation and distribution into the plant tissues and ratio ions were al so researched throughout this experiment. Plants were supplied with a nutrient solution of Wuxal (1 ppm (Schering, Germany. AII plants were transferred to bigger pots with quartz sand, six weeks after germination. After a one-week adaptation period, the salt treatments were initiated with 30 and 60 of mM NaCI in Wuxal solution. Controls were supplied only with Wuxal solution 1ppm. K+,Ca2+, Mg2 + and Na+ concentrations were determinated through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cl was conclusive through the use of chloride meter. Cl and Na+accumulation in tissues presented a trend similar to the NaCI concentration in the nutrient solution. The salt lessened K+ concentration in leaves and shoots. Na/Ca, Na/Mg, Na/K and Na/Ca+Mg+K ratios were increased in leaves and shoots throughout the NaCI concentration in the nutrient solution. Na+ accumulation was greater in roots that in shoots and leaves. These results suggest that Lulo might be a moderately salt-tolerant plant comparable to other Solanaceae species.