Proposta de um instrumento para avaliar eventos adversos em odontologia

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Claudia Dolores Trierweiler Sampaio de Oliveira Corrêa

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi propor um conjunto de rastreadores para a pesquisa de eventos adversos em odontologia ambulatorial no Brasil. O instrumento foi elaborado em duas etapas: (i para construir um conjunto preliminar de rastreadores foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de identificar a composição das ferramentas de rastreamento utilizadas nas demais áreas da saúde e os principais eventos adversos encontrados em odontologia; (ii para validar os rastreadores preliminarmente construídos foi organizado um painel de especialistas empregando o método Delphi modificado. Foram elaborados quatorze rastreadores para compor um instrumento com critérios explícitos para identificar potenciais eventos adversos no cuidado odontológico, essenciais para os estudos de revisão retrospectiva de prontuários. Pesquisas relacionadas à segurança do paciente em odontologia ainda são bastante incipientes em relação às demais áreas da saúde. Este trabalho pretendeu contribuir para a investigação nesse campo. O aporte da literatura e a ajuda da expertise do painel de especialistas permitiram a elaboração de um conjunto de rastreadores para a detecção de eventos adversos odontológicos, no entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para testar a validade do instrumento.

EDITORIAL EFECTOS ADVERSOS DE MEDICAMENTOS: UNA PATOLOGÍA MULTIFORME RESPONSABILIDAD

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Joan-Ramon Laporte

2009-01-01

Quizá todavía haya profesionales que, cuando oyen hablar de efectos adversos de medicamentos, piensen en erupciones cutáneas, discrasias hemáticas, shock anafiláctico o incluso malformaciones congénitas. Los citados son efectos adversos reales, pero relativamente raros. Además, son inesperados, no relacionados con la acción farmacológica, imprevisibles e independientes de la dosis. Son como una lotería terapéutica, que dependería de «la suerte».No obstante, cuando se examina la patología farm...

Incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos em hospital dia | Incidence of surgical adverse events at a day hospital

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Eliana Auxiliadora M. Costa

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Os eventos adversos cirúrgicos têm especial relevância pelo impacto sobre a saúde dos pacientes e por serem preveníveis. A despeito do crescente número de publicações nessa área, persistem lacunas de conhecimento acerca desses eventos na modalidade da assistência cirúrgica ambulatorial. Esta pesquisa objetivou estimar a incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos em hospital dia. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectiva de 55.879 pacientes operados num hospital dia entre os anos de 2010 e 2014. A incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos foi de 0,51%. Destes eventos, 0,31% foram de Infecções do sítio cirúrgico e 0,19% de outros eventos adversos cirúrgicos distribuídos proporcionalmente em: deiscência da ferida cirúrgica (12,90%, hemorragia (5,20%, flebite (5,20% e trombose dos membros inferiores (4,90%. Os resultados deste estudo ratificam que a cirurgia realizada em regime ambulatorial de hospital dia está relacionada a menores incidências de eventos adversos cirúrgicos, entretanto, é indispensável um sistema de seguimento dos pacientes após alta, no sentido de evitar a subnotificação e sub-registros dos dados, que, na ausência desse, pode ocultar dados e identificar taxas irreais. ============================================== Surgical adverse events are especially relevant because of their impact on patients’ health and because they are preventable events. Despite the growing number of publications in this area, there are still gaps in knowledge about these events in the ambulatory surgical care modality. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of surgical adverse events at a day hospital. It is a retrospective cohort study of 55,879 patients operated in a hospital between 2010 and 2014. The incidence of surgical adverse events was 0.51%. Of these, 0.31% were surgical site infections and 0.19% of other surgical adverse events proportionally distributed in surgical wound dehiscence (12.90%, hemorrhage (5

Avaliação da Vitalidade Fetal em Gestantes Diabéticas: Análise dos Resultados Neonatais Fetal Surveillance in Pregnancies Complicated by Diabetes: Analysis of Neonatal Outcome

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Roseli Mieko Yamamoto

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: estudar os testes de avaliação da vitalidade fetal em gestantes diabéticas e relacionar com os resultados neonatais. Métodos: estudamos 387 gestantes diabéticas atendidas no Setor de Vitalidade Fetal. O último exame (cardiotocografia, perfil biofísico fetal, índice de líquido amniótico e dopplervelocimetria foi relacionado com os resultados neonatais. Resultados: a população foi de 46 gestantes diabéticas tipo I (12%, 45 tipo II (12% e 296 gestacionais (76%. Entre as do tipo I, a cardiotocografia suspeita ou alterada correlacionou-se com Apgar de 1º minuto alterado (50 e 75%; pPurpose: to study the fetal well-being assessment in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, and to analyze the neonatal results. Methods: we studied 387 pregnant women with diabetes at the Fetal Surveillance Unit. The last examination (cardiotocography, fetal biophysical profile, amniotic fluid index and dopplervelocimetry was correlated with the neonatal outcome. Results: the studied population included 46 (12% type I diabetes, 45 (12% type II and 296 (76% gestational diabetes. Type I diabetes with abnormal or suspected cardiotocography was related to abnormal 1st minute Apgar (50 and 75%, p<0.05 and to the need for neonatal intensive care unit (50 and 75%, p<0.05. The abnormal biophysical profile in type II diabetic pregnancy was related to the need for neonatal intensive care (67%, p<0.05, and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler study was related to abnormal 1st minute Apgar (67%, p<0.05. Gestational diabetes with abnormal cardiotocography presented 36% abnormal 1st minute Apgar (p<0.05, 18% abnormal 5th minute Apgar (p<0.01 and 18% neonatal death (p<0.01. Abnormal amniotic fluid index was related to abnormal 5th minute Apgar (p<0.05 and need for neonatal intensive care unit (p<0.05. Gestational diabetes with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was related (p<0.05 to: abnormal 1st and 5th minute Apgar, respectively, 25 and 8%, Need for neonatal

Efectos adversos derivados de la exposición ocupacional a ozono industrial

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M.ª Alejandra Arias-Hualpa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Los trabajadores que realizan tareas de soldadura, depuración de aguas, conservación de alimentos o desempeñan actividades en contacto con fotocopiadoras, lámparas de vapor de mercurio, generadores de rayos x y otros equipos de alta tensión se pueden encontrar expuestos a ozono, que a dosis altas, puede desencadenar una liberación endógena de mediadores de la inflamación produciendo irritación ocular y daño de la vía respiratoria superior e inferior, pudiendo llegar a producir enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica o edema de pulmón. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura científica sobre los efectos adversos derivados de la exposición ocupacional a ozono industrial. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas biomédicas, con el fin de recopilar artículos publicados que cumplieran los requisitos del estudio, sin fecha límite inferior, hasta noviembre 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 9 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Como hallazgos del estudio se encontró un descenso de la ceruloplasmina como biomarcador de daño oxidativo pulmonar asociado a concentraciones de ozono superiores a los valores límites aceptados, así como aumento del riesgo de rinitis no infecciosa, EPOC leve y síntomas de asma, especialmente las sibilancias. Conclusión: Los estudios revelan que las dosis altas de ozono industrial pueden representar un riesgo para la salud en determinados grupos de trabajadores como los soldadores y del blanqueado de papel, en los que la patología respiratoria ocupa un papel importante entre los efectos adversos encontrados.

Efectos adversos del tratamiento con interferón alfa-2b humano recombinante y rivabirina en pacientes con hepatitis crónica C

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Mulet Pérez, Agustín; Pullés Labadié, Menelio; Gámez Escalona, Martha; Mulet Gámez, Agustín; Díaz Santos, Oscar; Infante Velázquez, Mirtha

2011-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN: el tratamiento de la hepatitis crónica C continúa siendo un reto. La combinación que mejores resultados ha demostrado, es la de interferón con ribavirina, pero puede originar efectos adversos con dificultades para la adherencia al tratamiento que en ocasiones, incluso, obligan a suspenderlo. OBJETIVO: identificar las reacciones adversas del tratamiento de la combinación de interferón con ribavirina. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de una serie de 13 pacientes con hepatitis crónic...

Aspectos significativos surgidos de la experiencia de haber sido responsable de un evento adverso en salud

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Augusto Hernán Ferreira-Umpiérrez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: conocer los aspectos significativos para las enfermeras sobre su experiencia de haber sido responsables de un evento ad- verso en salud. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo exploratorio, con el enfoque de la hermenéutica dialéctica. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Muestra constituida por doce enfermeras que tuvieron al menos una experiencia de responsabilidad ante un evento adverso con un paciente, y por cuatro supervisores de enfermería con responsabilidad de supervisión al ocurrir el evento adverso. Resultados: bajo el enfoque de la hermenéutica dialéctica, el análisis de los datos permitió construir las siguientes categorías relacio- nadas con la organización de salud y los recursos humanos: el contexto organizacional, el desconocimiento del proceso de notifi cación, la sobrecarga de trabajo, la ausencia de descanso. Conclusiones: reconocer la importancia del contexto organizacional donde se desarrollan los cuidados, el desconocimiento del proceso de notificación como aspecto por mejorar, la sobrecarga de trabajo y la ausencia d e descanso del personal. Es necesario profundizar en el tema mediante investigaciones y desarrollo de intervenciones que promuevan la cult ura de seguridad en la atención sanitaria, con implicaciones en la práctica y para la formación de las enfermeras.

Eventos adversos em hemodiálise: relatos de profissionais de enfermagem Eventos adversos en hemodiálisis: testimonios de profesionales de enfermería Adverse events in hemodialysis: reports of nursing professionals

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Maiana Regina Gomes de Sousa

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho trata-se de estudo transversal e quantitativo que analisou o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre Eventos Adversos (EA em uma unidade de hemodiálise de um hospital de ensino. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de fevereiro a abril de 2011, a partir de entrevistas com 25 profissionais. A análise dos dados identificou 517 relatos de 32 tipos, sendo os mais citados: cateter obstruído, retirada acidental da agulha e coagulação do sistema extracorpóreo. As causas relacionadas ao paciente foram mencionadas em 42,8% dos relatos. As principais condutas foram implementação/alteração de protocolos e educação continuada, sendo a última a principal sugestão para a prevenção. Os resultados podem contribuir para uma análise crítica sobre a qualidade do cuidado em unidades de hemodiálise, gerando o desenvolvimento de ações que auxiliem a promoção da segurança dos pacientes.Este estudio, transversal y cuantitativo, analizó el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre Eventos Adversos (EA en una unidad de hemodiálisis de un hospital de enseñanza. La recolección de datos se realizó de febrero a marzo de 2011, a partir de entrevistas con 25 profesionales. El análisis de datos identificó 517 testimonios de 32 tipos, habiendo resultado los más citados: catéter obstruido, retiro accidental de la aguja y coagulación del sistema extracorpóreo. Las causas relacionadas al paciente fueron mencionadas en 42,8% de los testimonios. Las principales conductas fueron: implementación/alteración de protocolos y capacitación permanente, tratándose ésta última de la principal sugerencia para la prevención. Los resultados pueden colaborar a realizar un análisis crítico sobre la calidad del cuidado en unidades de hemodiálisis, generando el desarrollo de acciones que ofrezcan ayuda en la promoción de la seguridad de los pacientes.This cross-sectional and quantitative study analyzed the knowledge of

Autoconcepto, estrategias de afrontamiento y desempeño docente profesional. Estudio comparativo en profesores que trabajan en contextos adversos

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Enrique Ibarra Aguirre

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito del estudio fue conocer algunos de los vínculos existentes entre el autoconcepto, las estrategias de afrontamiento y el desempeño docente de los profesores que trabajan en dos contextos mexicanos adversos con alta, y a la vez, relativa clausura sociocultural: Complejo Penitenciario Islas Marías, Nayarit y San José del Llano, Badiraguato, Sinaloa. La muestra se integró con 8 profesores de educación básica (primaria; cuatro por contexto. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de investigación: a Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Forma-5, (b Resultados de los alumnos en la prueba ENLACE como indicador del desempeño docente y, c Cartas docentes producidas por los participantes en la muestra y entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados son reveladores de la multidimensionalidad del autoconcepto así como de sus relaciones no lineales con las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los profesores y su desempeño docente profesional. Finalmente, vale destacar que el conocimiento generado puede contribuir en el diseño de estrategias efectivas de acompañamiento y socorro pedagógico para profesores que laboran en contextos similares a los antes descritos.

Estrategia y resultados de la farmacovigilancia de vacunas desde el Instituto Finlay, 2009

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Iván E. Cuevas-Valdespino

2010-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar la estrategia y los resultados de la farmacovigilancia desde el Instituto Finlay, como titular de registros sanitarios. Se concretó la biografía de los productos en la etapa de poscomercialización y se examinó el balance riesgo/beneficio. Esto fue posible gracias a convenios con instituciones que permitieron el acceso a bases de datos digitales y auditables, donde se encontró la notificación espontánea de eventos adversos y el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas, reglamentos y regulaciones de la autoridad reguladora. La minería de datos para la búsqueda de la agrupación de eventos raros e inesperados para un mismo lote o de accidentes, la confección de los informes periódicos de seguridad y la práctica sistemática para completar la información de seguridad solicitada en subpoblaciones y grupos especiales permitió actualizar el perfil de seguridad de las vacunas. Se confirmó que la vacuna antileptospirósica trivalente, la antitifoídica Vi y el toxoide tetánico, presentaron una frecuencia de eventos adversos menor de 0,1 reporte por cada 100.000 dosis administradas, mientras las demás vacunas tuvieron valores entre 1 y 10 por cada 10.000 vacunados. Entre el 80% y 95% de las notificaciones fueron relacionadas causalmente con la vacuna, y solo el 0,89% fueron de severidad grave, casi todas en niños menores de un año. Las manifestaciones generales fueron las que predominaron. Los resultados presentados muestran la importancia que tiene la farmacovigilancia desde la industria para obtener una valiosa información de la seguridad en la aplicación de las vacunas.

Incidencia y tipo de efectos adversos durante el procedimiento de hemodiálisis Incidence and type of adverse effects during the haemodialysis procedure

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Estela María Matarán Robles

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La seguridad del paciente constituye hoy día una prioridad para las principales organizaciones de salud como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, organismos internacionales como la Unión Europea, el Consejo de Europa, autoridades sanitarias, sociedades profesionales y organizaciones de pacientes. Objetivo: Describir las incidencias y tipos de efectos adversos derivados de la hemodiálisis en una unidad de nefrología. Metodología: Diseño: Estudio transversal en una unidad de hemodiálisis de 28 camas. Variables: como variable dependiente se consideró la presencia de efectos adversos y tipología, para ello se utilizó la Clasificación Internacional para la Seguridad del Paciente. Análisis estadísticos: se realizó una descripción de la muestra, para ello se utilizaron tanto los gráficos (histogramas, diagramas de barras y dispersión como los porcentajes, medias, desviaciones típicas, medianas, etc. Resultados: Durante el periodo a estudio se practicaron un total de 4.797 procedimientos de hemodiálisis, en un total de 681 sesiones produjeron efectos adversos, lo que supone una tasa de incidencia de 141,96 cada 1.000 diálisis. En cuanto a la gravedad el 97,5% de los efectos adversos fueron clasificados como leves, frente al 1,8% y 0,7% que fueron considerados como moderados y graves respectivamente. Conclusiones: Nuestra tasa de incidencia y gravedad de los efectos adversos es similar a la de otros centros. Este estudio nos permite identificar los problemas de seguridad en nuestra Unidad y en una segunda fase realizar un protocolo conjunto, que nos permita disminuir la tasa de incidencia actualmente existente. La hipotensión fue el efecto adverso más frecuente.Introdution: Nowadays patient safety is a priority for the main health organizations such as the World Health Organization, international bodies such as the European Union, the Council of Europe, healthcare authorities, professional associations and patient

Construction and content validation of the scale of predisposition to the occurrence of adverse events Construcción y validación de contenido de la escala de la predisposición a eventos adversos Construção e validação de conteúdo da escala de predisposição à ocorrência de eventos adversos

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William Mendes Lobão

2012-08-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to present the results of the construction and content validation of the Scale of Predisposition for the Occurrence of Adverse Events (EPEA. A descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out. To study the quality of nursing care and design the scale, we performed a literature review that resulted in a preliminary instrument, composed of 90 items, divided into two dimensions to assess the quality of health care (structure and process. Expert analysis and semantic analysis were applied as techniques to study the content validity of the instrument. The findings indicate that the operational version of the EPEA was composed of 64 items, grouped into two dimensions: structure (18 items and process (46 items. The EPEA is the first Brazilian measure constructed to assess the nurses' attitudes towards the factors that may predispose to the occurrence of adverse events in ICU.Este estudio objetivó presentar los resultados de la construcción y validación de contenido de la Escala de Predisposición a Eventos Adversos (EPEA. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, bajo enfoque cualitativo. Para estudiar la calidad del cuidado y preparación del instrumento, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, que resultó en un instrumento preliminar que contiene 90 ítems, divididos en dos dimensiones para evaluar la calidad del cuidado de salud (estructura y proceso. Se realizó la validación del contenido del instrumento por medio de las técnicas de análisis de los jueces y semántico. A partir de este análisis, la EPEA se compone de 64 ítems, agrupados en dos dimensiones: la estructura (18 ítems y el proceso (46 ítems. La EPEA es la primera medida nacional, construida para evaluar las actitudes de los enfermeros a los factores que pueden predisponer a la aparición de efectos adversos en la UTI.Neste estudo o objetivo foi apresentar os resultados da construção e validação de conteúdo da Escala de Predisposi

Avaliação do bem-estar fetal pela dopplervelocimetria com mapeamento em cores Evaluation of fetal well-being through color doppler velocimetry

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Cleide Mara Mazzotti de Oliveira Franzin

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Avaliar a eficiência do exame dopplervelocimétrico no diagnóstico do bem-estar fetal. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 130 gestantes atendidas no Serviço de Ultra-Sonografia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, entre a 28ª e a 42ª semana. Foram feitas correlações entre o Doppler das artérias umbilical, cerebral média e aorta abdominal fetal com os resultados perinatais adversos. As gestantes selecionadas para o estudo foram submetidas eletivamente ao parto cesáreo, no máximo quatro horas após o exame Doppler. Considerou-se como resultados perinatais adversos: índice de Apgar ao 5º minuto menor que sete, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, sofrimento fetal agudo, mortalidade perinatal, hipoglicemia, enterocolite necrosante e hemorragia cerebral. Os índices de impedância das artérias umbilical, cerebral média e aorta abdominal foram relacionados caso a caso com os resultados perinatais adversos. Resultados: a relação sístole/diástole da artéria umbilical apresentou maior sensibilidade (80,76% do que o índice de pulsatilidade e índice de resistência da artéria umbilical. O estudo Doppler da artéria umbilical apresentou melhor sensibilidade que o da artéria cerebral média e da aorta abdominal na detecção de resultados perinatais adversos. Conclusão: a dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilical e cerebral média apresentou boa capacidade de avaliação do bem-estar fetal e associação significativa com resultados perinatais adversos.Purpose: to evaluate the accuracy of Doppler velocimetry in the diagnosis of fetal well-being. Methods: a total of 130 pregnant women assisted at the Ultrasound Unit of the Center for Integral Assistance of Women's Health, UNICAMP, between the 28th and 42nd gestational weeks was analyzed. The correlation between fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, abdominal

Centralização de fluxo sanguíneo fetal: comparação entre os índices diagnósticos Brain-sparing effect: comparison of diagnostic indices

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Cleide Mara Mazzotti de Oliveira Franzin

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever os resultados perinatais adversos em pacientes com centralização de fluxo sanguíneo fetal, utilizando a relação entre os índices de pulsatilidade das artérias cerebral média e umbilical (IPACM/IPAU e entre os índices de resistência das artérias cerebral média e umbilical (IRACM/IRAU, assim como comparar os dois índices diagnósticos. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 151 gestantes com diagnóstico de centralização de fluxo sanguíneo atendidas na maternidade da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, cujo parto ocorreu até 15 dias após o diagnóstico ultrassonográfico. Foram considerados como resultados perinatais adversos: índice de Apgar inferior a sete no quinto minuto, internação em UTI neonatal, concepto pequeno para a idade gestacional, sofrimento fetal agudo, mortalidade perinatal, hipoglicemia, policitemia, enterocolite necrosante, hemorragia cerebral, hemorragia pulmonar, anemia, septicemia, doença de membrana hialina, síndromes convulsivas, síndrome de hiper-reflexia e insuficiência renal. As frequências dos resultados perinatais adversos (RPA para as relações cérebro-placentária foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste exato de Fisher ou o do χ2 de Pearson, considerando-se como estatisticamente significativo o nível de 5%. Os resultados perinatais adversos foram avaliados de acordo com a idade gestacional, utilizando-se o teste de tendência de Cochrane-Armitage. RESULTADOS: os resultados perinatais adversos para o grupo em que os dois índices apresentaram-se alterados constatou que 62,5% dos recém-natos necessitaram de internação em UTI, conceptos pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG ocorreram em 75,2%, sofrimento fetal agudo em 35,3%, hipoglicemia em 84,4%, policitemia em 8,3%, enterocolite necrosante em 4,2% e hemorragia cerebral em 2,1%. Constatou-se associação significativa das relações IPACM/IPAU e IRACM/IRAU, no decorrer da idade gestacional, para necessidade de cuidados

Eventos adversos temporalmente asociados a VAMENGOC- BC®. Municipio La Lisa, 1998-1999

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Iván Edelberto Cuevas

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia de eventos temporalmente asociados a la vacuna cubana VAMENGOC- BC®, se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, cuyo universo estuvo constituido por los lactantes en las edades comprendidas de tres (3549 y cinco meses (3832 de edad de las áreas de salud del Municipio La Lisa en Ciudad de La Habana. Hubo un 3,21% de niños con eventos adversos, con una mayor frecuencia después de la primera dosis; sin diferencias apreciables por sexo. La clasificación fue de un 52% de tipo sistémico, locales un 19% y no solicitados un 29%. La mayor parte de los niños afectados fue en las primeras 72 horas posteriores a la vacunación, y desaparecieron antes de 72 horas desde su comienzo. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron fiebre (predominó entre todos los eventos adversos con 1,53 casos por 100 vacunados; la induración (0,31 por 100 vacunados, eritema (0,30 por 100 vacunados y el dolor (0,136 por 100 vacunados en el sitio de administración de la vacuna; irritabilidad (0,244 por 100 vacunados y pérdida de apetito (0,311 por 100 vacunados. Los eventos no solicitados más frecuentes fueron la Enfermedad Respiratoria Aguda (0,637 por 100 vacunados, la Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda (0,311 por 100 vacunados y la Otitis Media (0,176 por 100 vacunados. Los eventos adversos serios fueron infrecuentes. No hubo fallecidos y todos los casos se recuperaron en menos de diez días, sin secuelas, discapacidades ni minusvalías

Análise do clearance mucociliar nasal e dos efeitos adversos do uso de CPAP nasal em pacientes com SAHOS

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Ferri Ricardo Gimenes

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Desde 1981, o uso da pressão aérea positiva através do CPAP nasal vem sendo considerado o principal tratamento clínico da síndrome da apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS, apesar de sua adesão parcial a longo prazo. Alguns autores referem que as queixas nasais provenientes do fluxo de ar sob pressão positiva na cavidade nasal são as principais responsáveis pela interrupção do tratamento. Isto ocorreria porque o uso do CPAP levaria a alterações na mucosa e mudanças no transporte mucociliar e, conseqüentemente, um maior número de infecções nasosinusais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o clearance mucociliar nasal em pacientes com SAHOS em uso de CPAP nasal através do teste de sacarina e correlacionar os efeitos adversos desta terapia com o tempo de tratamento e o nível de pressão utilizada no mesmo. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo clínico caso-controle. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 25 pacientes com SAHOS entre 18 a 70 anos em uso de CPAP nasal a partir de um mês acompanhados no Instituto do Sono (UNIFESP-EPM e submetidos ao teste de sacarina cujos resultados foram comparados com um grupo de 25 indivíduos sem doenças nasosinusais. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao teste de sacarina.Os efeitos adversos estavam presentes em 84% da amostra, sendo 60% ressecamento e 36% obstrução nasal. Não houve correlação entre estas queixas e o tempo de tratamento ou a pressão aplicada pelo aparelho. CONCLUSÕES: O clearance mucociliar nasal no grupo com SAHOS em uso de CPAP nasal foi semelhante ao grupo controle e a obstrução nasal e o ressecamento não apresentaram correlação com o tempo de tratamento e o nível de pressão utilizada pelo aparelho.

Prevención de los eventos adversos en las unidades de cuidado intensivo pediatricas

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Herly Alvarado

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los cuidados proporcionados por el equipo de salud a los pacientes pediátricos llevan implícito el riesgo de generar errores y, por consiguiente, eventos adversos que pueden ocasionar complicaciones, secuelas o incluso la muerte. Los eventos adversos que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el paciente pediátrico son la infección, complicaciones de catéteres y medicamentos. Las acciones preventivas se deben orientar a la sensibilización del personal, notificación de errores, adecuado clima laboral, entrenamiento, uso de técnica aséptica y una adecuada cultura. El profesional de enfermería debe reconocer la importancia de aplicar acciones preventivas para contribuir a fortalecer la calidad del cuidado en el marco de la seguridad clínica.

Efeito rebote dos fármacos modernos: evento adverso grave desconhecido pelos profissionais da saúde

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Marcus Zulian Teixeira

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apoiado no aforismo hipocrático primum non nocere, o princípio bioético da não maleficência roga que o ato médico cause o menor dano ou agravo à saúde do paciente, incumbindo ao médico avaliar os riscos de determinada terapêutica por meio do conhecimento dos possíveis eventos adversos das drogas. Dentre esses, o efeito rebote representa um efeito colateral comum a inúmeras classes de fármacos modernos, podendo causar transtornos graves e fatais nos pacientes. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de esclarecer os profissionais da saúde sobre os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do fenômeno rebote. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed utilizando os unitermos 'rebound', 'withdrawal', 'paradoxical', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'anti-inflammatory', 'bronchodilator', 'antidepressant', 'statin', 'proton pump inhibitor' and 'bisphosphonate' RESULTADOS: O efeito rebote ocorre após a descontinuação de inúmeras classes de fármacos com ação contrária aos distúrbios da doença, exacerbando-os a níveis superiores aos anteriores do tratamento. Independente da doença,dadrogaedaduração do tratamento, o fenômeno se manifesta numa pequena proporção de indivíduos suscetíveis. No entanto, pode causar eventos adversos graves e fatais, devendo ser considerado um problema de saúde pública em vista do enorme consumo de fármacos pela população CONCLUSÃO: Reunindo um corpo de evidências crescente e inquestionável, o médico precisa ter conhecimento das consequências do efeito rebote e de como minimizá-lo, aumentando a segurança no manejo das drogas modernas. Por outro lado, este efeito rebote pode ser utilizado de forma curativa, ampliando o espectro da terapêutica moderna.

Importância do treinamento de residentes em eventos adversos durante anestesia: experiência com o uso do simulador computadorizado Importancia del entrenamiento de los practicantes (médicos en ejercicio en eventos adversos durante la anestesia: experiencia con el uso del simulador computadorizado Importance of critical events training for anesthesiology residents: experience with computer simulator

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Domingos Dias Cicarelli

2005-04-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em decorrência da grande evolução da monitorização e do arsenal terapêutico disponível nos últimos anos, houve uma redução na incidência de eventos adversos durante procedimentos anestésicos. Porém, continua importante o treinamento dos médicos residentes para este tipo de ocorrência. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho prático do residente de Anestesiologia em eventos adversos durante uma anestesia simulada. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 17 médicos em especialização do primeiro e segundo anos de Anestesiologia (ME1 e ME2 e 5 instrutores do Centro de Ensino e Treinamento (CET do HCFMUSP (Título Superior em Anestesiologia - TSA. Foi utilizado o simulador computadorizado Anesthesia Simulator Consultant (ASC versão 2.0 - 1995/Anesoft para realização das simulações dos eventos. Os incidentes críticos escolhidos foram fibrilação ventricular (FV e choque anafilático. Após a realização da simulação, foram impressos os resultados de cada participante e avaliadas e pontuadas as condutas adotadas para resolver os incidentes críticos pré-determinados. Os participantes avaliaram o simulador através do preenchimento de um questionário. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias obtidas pelos grupos, porém notou-se uma tendência de melhor desempenho dos grupos TSA e ME2 na simulação de FV. Com relação ao choque anafilático, houve uma tendência de melhor desempenho do grupo TSA. CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento para diagnóstico e condutas em eventos adversos deve ser foco de atenção durante o treinamento de médicos residentes e na atualização de anestesiologistas. O uso do simulador pode ser uma das formas de realizar o treinamento nestas situações.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Con la decurrencia de la grande evolución de la monitorización y del arsenal terapéutico disponible en los últimos años, hubo una reducción en la incidencia de eventos adversos

Produção de óxido nítrico no hipocampo: investigação do envolvimento da óxido nítrico sintase neuronal no desenvolvimento de comportamentos ansiosos em animais submetidos a estresse neonatal

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Roberta Dalle Molle

2012-04-01

Conclusão: Uma maior atividade da nNOS não parece estar envolvida no comportamento ansioso observado neste modelo animal, no entanto a relação mãe-filhote, alterada por um ambiente neonatal adverso, teve impacto sobre o comportamento ansioso de forma sexo específica

Eventos adversos a antibióticos em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário Adverse events to antibiotics in inpatients of a university hospital

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Estela Louro

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Antibióticos são os medicamentos que mais causam eventos adversos, gerando problemas aos pacientes e custos adicionais ao sistema de saúde. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a ocorrência de eventos adversos a antibióticos em pacientes internados em um hospital. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se monitoramento intensivo do uso de antibióticos em pacientes adultos internados no município de Maringá, Paraná, de setembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2003. Foram pesquisadas variáveis relativas aos medicamentos em uso, em particular aos antibióticos e aos eventos adversos. Com base em critérios para a avaliação do uso correto dos antibióticos, os eventos observados foram classificados como reações adversas, erros de medicação e "quase erros". Para relação de causalidade entre a administração do fármaco e o surgimento dos eventos utilizou-se o algoritmo de Naranjo. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 87 pacientes e identificados 91 eventos adversos, sendo três deles (3,3% reações adversas a medicamentos, sete (7,7% erros de medicação, e 81 (89,0% "quase erros". As reações a medicamentos ocorreram devido ao uso de quinolonas e foram consideradas "prováveis" utilizando-se o algoritmo de Naranjo. Os sete erros de medicação ocorreram devido a quatro prescrições incorretas de dose e três interações medicamentosas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a falta de conhecimento do medicamento ou a falta de informação sobre o paciente no momento da prescrição tenham sido os principais fatores envolvidos na ocorrência das reações a medicamentos.OBJECTIVE: Antibiotics are the most common drugs causing adverse events and they lead to problems to patients and additional costs of the health system. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events to antibiotics in inpatients of a hospital. METHODS: An extensive drug monitoring was conducted in adult inpatients taking antibiotics in the city of Maringá, Southern

Incidencia y evitabilidad de eventos adversos en pacientes hospitalizados en algunas instituciones hospitalarias en Colombia, 2006. Lecciones aprendidas. Investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa

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Hernando Gaitán Duarte

2008-12-01

Full Text Available

Componente cuantitativo
Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia, clasificación, evitabilidad de factores de riesgo e impacto
de los Eventos Adversos (EA para establecer su importancia como problema en algunos hospitales
de Colombia.
Metodologia: Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes hospitalizados en 4 instituciones generales en
Colombia. Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados al menos durante 12 horas. Se excluyeron: pacientes
psiquiátricos, presencia del EA antes del ingreso a la hospitalización índice. Con una diferencia estimada
del 1% (complejidad alta y media, significancia: 0.05%, poder: 80% relación 2:1 se requerían mínimo
6.600 pacientes Fuente de información: historia clínica.
Procedimientos Fase 1: traducción y adaptación de formularios. Fase 11: vigilancia activa de eventos
tecnologias y políticas de tamización. Fase 111: evaluación, por un comité de especialistas de la asociación del EA con la atención suministrada.

Variables: edad, género y tipo de afiliación al sistema de seguridad social, incidencia acumulada de EA, temporalidad, evitabilidad y discapacidad resultante naturaleza del EA.
Resultados: Para el análisis de incidencia fueron evaluados 6.688 sujetos durante el periodo de vigilancia. Se detectaron 505 pacientes con eventos de tamización positivos (7.9% IC95%:
7.3-8.6. Un total de 310 sujetos presentaron al menos un evento adverso; Incidencia acumulada:
4.6% (IC95%: 4.1 - 5.1 durante la hospitalización.
De estos se consíderó evitable el evento adverso en 189 sujetos (61%, IC95%: 55- 66%. Ocurrió
discapacidad permanente en 1.3%. La mortalidad asociada al evento adverso fue de 6.4% (20/310.
Se incrementó la hospitalización como consecuencia del EA un total de 1 072 días. Los factores de
riesgo

INFECCION VAGINAL Y TRATAMIENTO DEL STREPTOCOCCUS GRUPO B EN EMBARAZADAS CON FACTORES UNIVERSALES DE RIESGO DE INFECCION: RESULTADOS NEONATALES Y FACTORES DE RIESGO DE INFECCION NEONATAL

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Ovalle S,Alfredo; Gómez M,Ricardo; Martínez T,M. Angélica; Aspillaga M,Carlos; Dolz C,Sergio

2002-01-01

Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia del tratamiento antibiótico en los resultados neonatales en embarazadas con factores universales de riesgo de infección e infección vaginal por Streptococcus grupo B (SGB) y conocer los factores de riesgo para infección neonatal por esta bacteria. Diseño del estudio: Las mujeres con infección vaginal por SGB en una población de cuatrocientos cuarenta y tres embarazadas con riesgo universal de infección bacteriana fueron incorporadas en este estudio. Se consid...

Resultados maternos e neonatais da assistência em casa de parto no município do Rio de Janeiro Resultados maternos y neonatales de la asistencia en casa de nacimiento en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro Maternal and neonatal assistance results at Birthing Center in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

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Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo Pereira

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais da assistência na Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho. Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, que analisou 458 prontuários dos partos normais e nascimentos no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009. As parturientes eram mulheres jovens, de 15 a 25 anos de idade (66,6%, e nulíparas (55%. Durante o trabalho de parto, elas permaneceram com o acompanhante (94,1% e receberam cuidados para o relaxamento e o conforto. A taxa de episiotomia foi de 2,4%. Não houve óbitos maternos e neonatais. Os casos de asfixia neonatal representaram 0,2% dos nascidos vivos. As transferências para o hospital corresponderam a 2,8% das mulheres no pós-parto e 8,5% entre os neonatos. A maioria dos resultados encontrados foi semelhante aos descritos nas pesquisas brasileiras e internacionais acerca da assistência em centros de parto.El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los resultados maternos y neonatales de la asistencia en la Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho. Investigación exploratoria y descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, que analizó 458 registros clínicos de los partos normales y nacimientos en el período de Enero de 2008 a Diciembre de 2009. Las mujeres embarazadas eran mujeres jóvenes, entre 15 y 25 años de edad (66,6%, y nulíparas (55%. Durante el trabajo de parto, ellas recibieron dieta oral (100%, permanecieron con el acompañante (94,1% y recibieron cuidados para la relajación y confort. La tasa de episiotomía fue del 2,4%. No hubo óbitos maternos y neonatales. Los casos de asfixia neonatal representaron 0,2% de los neonatos. Los traslados para el hospital correspondieron a 2,8% de las mujeres en el postparto y a 8,5% entre los recién nacidos. La mayoría de los resultados fueron similares a los descritos en las investigaciones brasileñas e internacionales a cerca de la asistencia en centros de nacimientos.The purpose of this

Tempo de internação e a ocorrência de eventos adversos a medicamentos: uma questão da enfermagem Tiempo de internación y la ocurrencia de eventos adversos por medicamentos: una cuestión de la enfermería The length of stay and the occurrence of adverse drug: a question of nursing

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Keroulay Estebanez Roque

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi estimar o efeito do tempo e das características individuais na ocorrência de evento adverso a medicamentos em pacientes com afecções cardiológicas. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo sobre a ocorrência de evento adverso a medicamentos realizado em um hospital público e cardiológico, localizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Para análise da sobrevida utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meier. A probabilidade de sobreviver livre de evento adverso a medicamentos até 30, 60 e 100 dias foi respectivamente de 96%, 93% e 73%. Os eventos adversos a medicamentos representam condições marcadoras que descrevem o desempenho dos serviços de saúde. A detecção de eventos adversos nas instituições hospitalares possibilita conhecer as falhas que ocorrem no sistema de medicação e ainda implementar estratégias para reduzi-las.El objetivo del estudio fue estimar el efecto del tiempo y de las diferencias individuales en la ocurrencia de eventos adversos por medicamentos en pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas. Este es un estudio de evaluación sobre la presencia de evento adverso a cabo en un hospital público y cardiología, ubicado en Río de Janeiro. Para el análisis de supervivencia se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier. La probabilidad de supervivencia libre de eventos adversos por medicamentos por 30, 60 y 100 días fueron respectivamente del 96%, 93% y 73%. Los eventos adversos por medicamentos representan condiciones marcadoras que describen el desempeño de los servicios de salud. La detección de eventos adversos en los hospitales hace que sea posible conocer los errores que ocurren en el sistema de medicación, así como aplicar estrategias para reducirlos.The objective of the study was to estimate the time effect and the individual characteristics in the occurrence of an adverse event to drugs in patients with cardiac diseases. It is an evaluative study about the occurrence of an adverse event to drugs that

Efeitos de longo prazo do estresse neonatal com lipopolissacarídeo em ratos = Long-term effects of neonatal stress using lipopolysaccharide in rats

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Lunardelli, Adroaldo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para demonstrar que intervenções no início da vida podem gerar alterações permanentes que perduram ao longo da vida. A administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS no período neonatal gera um estímulo imunológico estressante capaz de alterar muitas respostas fisiológicas ao estresse na vida adulta. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca das influências, em longo prazo, que a administração de LPS no período neonatal pode gerar na vida adulta em modelos experimentais. Materiais e Métodos: O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura com base na busca de artigos científicos disponíveis nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores neonatal programming, neonatal stress, neonatal LPS e neonatal lipopolysaccharide. Foram incluídas publicações cuja temática abordasse os resultados da utilização de LPS como estressor neonatal em protocolos experimentais, sem limite de data. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos que mostram modelos experimentais em que a injeção de LPS em ratos neonatos causa modificações funcionais da resposta do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HPA quando adultos, incluindo elevação nos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona. Ainda, há diminuição das concentrações circulantes de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, hiperalgesia, aumento na sensibilidade ao estresse e aumento do comportamento de ansiedade e depressão. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que a administração neonatal de LPS consiste em um modelo experimental efetivo de programming, provocando uma série de alterações imunológicas e comportamentais na vida adulta

Acontecimientos adversos en la práctica odontológica

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Juan Manuel Daza Aliatis

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Se comunica brevemente acerca de algunos acontecimientos adversos que pueden presentarse en la práctica odontológica, a fin de mejorar los procesos de intervención en salud bucal y, con ello, la calidad y seguridad de la actividad asistencial en general, a la vez que se evitarían problemas clínicos y legales, así como costos elevados y daños a la salud integral del paciente. Asimismo se ofrecen determinadas variables que pudieran ser analizadas en estudios sobre el tema

Sobrecarga de trabalho da Enfermagem e incidentes e eventos adversos em pacientes internados em UTI

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Marcia Cristina Zago Novaretti

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Estudo prospectivo, tipo coorte que visou identificar a influência da sobrecarga de trabalho da Enfermagem na ocorrência de incidentes sem lesão e eventos adversos em 399 pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI. Para coleta de dados, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado e feita análise de prontuários. Nessas admissões, aproximadamente 78% dos incidentes sem lesão e eventos adversos em pacientes foram relacionados à esfera da Enfermagem. Essas ocorrências foram atribuídas à sobrecarga de trabalho, aumentaram o número de dias de internação e o risco de óbito dos pacientes estudados. É fundamental que os gerentes de enfermagem atuem no processo de gestão de pessoas no âmbito hospitalar, evitando a sobrecarga de trabalho e proporcionando, consequentemente, aumento da segurança do paciente.

Eventos adversos pós-vacinais ocorridos em crianças no município de Goiânia

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Braga, Polyana Cristina Vilela

2014-01-01

A utilização de vacinas está entre os maiores avanços observados na área da saúde em todo o mundo, possibilitando erradicar e/ou controlar doenças imunopreveníveis. Entretanto, à medida que aumentam o número e variedade de doses de vacinas aplicadas, também aumenta a incidência de eventos adversos pós-vacinação. OBJETIVO: Analisar e descrever os eventos adversos pós-vacinais ocorridos com crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo com a análise d...

Práticas obstétricas e resultados maternos e neonatais: análise fatorial de correspondência múltipla em dois centros de parto normal Prácticas obstétricas y resultados maternos y neonatales: análisis de factores de correspondencia múltiple en centros de parto normal Obstetric practices and maternal and neonatal outcomes: analysis of multiple correspondence factors in normal birth centers

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Andrea Porto da Cruz

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as práticas obstétricas e os resultados maternos e neonatais de dois Centros de Parto Normal do Município de São Paulo, comparandose as unidades intra e extra-hospitalares. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo com dados secundários provenientes de 192 prontuários das instituições envolvidas. As variáveis de estudo foram as práticas selecionadas para o parto normal: a utilização de ocitocina, o tipo de rompimento das membranas amnióticas, a realização de episiotomia ou perineotomia e o tempo de permanência materna e neonatal. Foi elaborado um instrumento informatizado para coleta de dados com base nas variáveis de estudo. Os dados foram tratados através de análise estatística multivariada. RESULTADOS: O centro de parto normal intra-hospitalar utilizou com maior frequência às intervenções relacionadas à utilização de ocitocina, rompimento artificial de membranas amnióticas e tempo de permanência materna e neonatal superior às 48h, após o parto. O centro de parto normal extra-hospitalar apresentou maior frequência de parturientes com períneo íntegro após o parto, rompimento de membranas de maneira espontânea e tempo de permanência materna e neonatal inferior a 48 horas pós-parto. Os resultados maternos e neonatais não evidenciaram complicações relacionadas às práticas utilizadas. CONCLUSÃO: As práticas obstétricas pouco diferiram, comparando-se os dois tipos de Centros de Parto Normal; ambos seguem as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde e aplicam as intervenções somente nos casos indicados.OBJETIVO: Describir las prácticas obstétricas y maternales y los resultados neonatales de dos centros de parto normal en el Municipio de Sao Paulo, comparando las unidades intra y extra hospitalarias. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, con datos secundarios obtenidos de 192 registros de las instituciones estudiadas. Las variables

Patient safety in care circumstances: prevention of adverse events in the hospitalization of children La seguridad del paciente en las circunstancias de cuidado: prevención de eventos adversos en la hospitalización infantil A segurança do paciente nas circunstâncias de cuidado: prevenção de eventos adversos na hospitalização infantil

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Wiliam Wegner

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This case study with a qualitative approach presents an analysis of the perceptions of family caregivers/companions and health workers concerning adverse events in care contexts. A total of 15 companions and 23 health workers from pediatric hospitalization units of a university hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil participated in this study from August to December 2010. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic content analysis using QSR's Nvivo version 7.0. Seven thematic categories emerged from the analysis. The results highlight reviewing and checking workers' interventions and implementing effective communication among workers, caregivers and children. The main recommendations concern changing the organizational culture of health facilities, emphasizing safe care and a systemic view of the evaluation of adverse events.Se trata de una investigación estudio de caso cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue analizar cómo las acompañantes/cuidadoras y profesionales de salud reconocen los eventos adversos en las circunstancias de cuidado. Fue realizada con 15 acompañantes/cuidadores y 23 profesionales de salud de las unidades de internación de pediatría de un hospital-escuela de Porto Alegre, Brasil entre agosto y diciembre de 2010. Entrevista semi-estructurada fue utilizada para la recolección de las informaciones, siendo sometidas a análisis temático con apoyo del software QSR Nvivo 7.0. El análisis de las informaciones dejó en evidencia siete categorías. Los resultados sugieren la revisión y control permanente en cualquier intervención del profesional y el proceso de comunicación efectivo profesional-acompañante-niño. El estudio trae como recomendaciones los cambios en la cultura organizacional de las instituciones de salud para una cultura de seguridad, con énfasis en el cuidado seguro y visión sintética en la evaluación de la ocurrencia de eventos adversos.Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem

Efeito da Idade Materna sobre os Resultados Perinatais

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Azevedo George Dantas de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a idade materna e a ocorrência de resultados perinatais adversos na população do Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: foram analisados os registros oficiais de 57.088 nascidos vivos no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no ano de 1997. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos do Ministério da Saúde. A população estudada foi dividida em Grupos I, II e III, segundo a faixa etária materna: 10 a 19, 20 a 34 e 35 anos ou mais, respectivamente. As variáveis analisadas foram: duração da gestação, peso ao nascer e tipo de parto. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o teste chi². Resultados: observamos uma maior incidência de parto pré-termo no Grupo I (4,3 %, em comparação ao Grupo II (3,7% (p = 0,0028. A taxa de cesariana foi menor nos Grupos I e III, em comparação ao Grupo II (p<0,0001. Evidenciamos freqüência significativamente maior de recém-nascidos de baixo peso nos Grupos I (8,4% e III (8,3%, quando comparados ao Grupo II (6,5% (p<0,0001. Conclusões: a gravidez nos extremos da vida reprodutiva esteve associada com maior freqüência de parto pré-termo e baixo peso ao nascer, entretanto, com relação ao tipo de parto, foi observada maior freqüência de parto normal do que no grupo de gestantes com idade entre 20 e 34 anos.

Hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada Aggravated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

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Ana Campo González

2010-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La mayoría de las veces la ictericia en el recién nacido es un hecho fisiológico, causado por una hiperbilirrubinemia de predominio indirecto, secundario a inmadurez hepática e hiperproducción de bilirrubina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el comportamiento de la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal en el Hospital Docente Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa en los años 2007 a 2009. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 173 recién nacidos que ingresaron al Departamento de Neonatología con diagnóstico de hiperbilirrubinemia agravada. RESULTADOS. La incidencia de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada fue del 3,67 % y predominó en hermanos con antecedentes de ictericia (56,65 %. El tiempo de aparición fue de 48 a 72 h (76,87 % y entre los factores agravantes se hallaron el nacimiento pretérmino y el bajo peso al nacer. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con luminoterapia (90,17 %. CONCLUSIÓN. La hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada constituye un problema de salud. Los factores agravantes son la prematuridad y el bajo peso al nacer. La luminoterapia es una medida terapéutica eficaz para su tratamiento.INTRODUCTION. Most of times jaundice in newborn is a physiological fact due to hyperbilirubinemia of indirect predominance, secondary to liver immaturity and to bilirubin hyperproduction. The aim of present of present study was to determine the behavior of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Teaching Hospital of Guanabacoa municipality from 2007 to 2009. METHODS. A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in 173 newborn patients admitted in the Neonatology Department diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS. The incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was of 3,67% with predominance in brothers with a history of jaundice (56,65%. The time of appearance was of 48 to 72 hrs (76,87% and among the aggravating factors were the preterm birth and

Vigilância de eventos adversos pós-vacinação e segurança de programas de imunização Vigilancia de eventos adversos post vacunación y seguridad de programas de inmunización Surveillance of adverse effects following vaccination and safety of immunization programs

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Eliseu Alves Waldman

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da revisão foi analisar aspectos conceituais e operacionais de sistemas de vigilância de eventos adversos pós-vacina. Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis em formato eletrônico, publicados entre 1985 e 2009, selecionados nas bases Medline/PubMed, com as palavras-chave: "adverse events following vaccine", "adverse events following vaccine surveillance", "post-marketing surveillance" e "safety vaccine" e "Phase IV clinical trials", e excluídos aqueles com foco em tipos específicos desses eventos. Foram apontados os principais aspectos que justificam a importância dos eventos adversos pós-vacina em saúde pública, os instrumentos que garantem a segurança das vacinas e as finalidades, atributos, tipos, interpretações de dados, limitações e novos desafios da vigilância de eventos adversos pós-vacina, bem como estratégias para aumentar sua sensibilidade. A revisão é concluída com desafios para os próximos anos, visando à segurança e confiabilidade dos programas de vacinação.El objetivo de la revisión fue analizar aspectos conceptuales y operacionales de sistemas de vigilancia de eventos adversos post vacuna. Fueron incluidos artículos disponibles en formato electrónico, publicados entre 1985 y 2009, seleccionados en las bases PubMed/Medline, con las palabras clave: "vigilancia de eventos adversos post vacuna", "vigilancia post comercialización", "seguridad de vacunas" y "estudios de Fase IV", y excluidos aquellos con foco en tipos específicos de tales eventos. Se señalaron los principales aspectos que justifican la importancia de los eventos adversos post vacuna en salud pública, los instrumentos que garantizan la seguridad de las vacunas y las finalidades, atributos, tipos, interpretaciones de datos, limitaciones y nuevos desafíos de la vigilancia de eventos adversos post vacuna, así como estrategias para aumentar su sensibilidad. Se concluye con desafíos para los próximos años, buscando seguridad y

High risk pregnancies and factors associated with neonatal death.

Science.gov (United States)

Demitto, Marcela de Oliveira; Gravena, Angela Andréia França; Dell'Agnolo, Cátia Millene; Antunes, Marcos Benatti; Pelloso, Sandra Marisa

2017-04-03

To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality. Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal intra-hospitalar com base nas características individuais de gestantes de risco, do parto e do recém-nascido. Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, realizado com crianças nascidas vivas de partos hospitalares de mulheres acompanhadas pelo ambulatório de alto risco de um hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013.RESULTADOS Fizeram parte da pesquisa 688 mulheres. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi de 17,7 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, sendo sua maioria no período neonatal precoce. Trabalho de parto prematuro, malformação fetal e gestação múltipla foram as intercorrências associadas ao óbito neonatal. Recém-nascidos prematuros, com muito baixo peso ao nascer e Índice de Apgar menor que sete no quinto minuto de vida apresentaram risco elevado de morte. A identificação de fatores de risco pode auxiliar no

Eventos adversos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación e inmunización en hijos de madres infectadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

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González, Virginia; Gutiérrez, Stella; Quian, Jorge

2013-01-01

Resumen Introducción: las vacunas son una de las intervenciones sanitarias más importantes y difundidas. La monitorización de su seguridad a través del registro de eventos adversos es imprescindible. Los hijos de madre infectada por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), expuestos, infectados o serorrevertidos son un grupo particular de individuos dentro del esquema de inmunización. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la frecuencia de eventos adversos supuestamente atribuib...

Nutritional intake and weight z-scores in very low birth weight infants in Peru

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Alvaro Proaño

2016-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS Determinar las ingestas nutricionales en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer y su respectivo crecimiento en el primer mes de vida. Adicionalmente, identificar factores para un desenlace negativo en el periodo neonatal de esta población. METODOS Estudio de serie de casos desarrollado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Lima, Perú desde 2011 a 2012. La información se obtuvo de las historias médicas. No se utilizó un protocolo de nutrición durante el estudio. La ingesta diaria del volumen, la energía y las proteínas fue registrada al igual que el puntaje z del peso de manera semanal. Se utilizó regresión logística para identificar factores asociados a un desenlace adverso, que se define como mortalidad neonatal o restricción de crecimiento extrauterino en los primeros 28 días de vida. RESULTADOS Luego del criterio de selección, se incluyeron a 76 participantes. Las ingestas nutricionales fueron similares a los valores descritos en la literatura, pero la ingesta proteica fue sub óptima durante las cuatro semanas. El puntaje z del peso al nacer se asocia con un desenlace adverso (p=0,035. Se determinó que un puntaje z menor de 1,09 predice un desenlace negativo con un área bajo la curva ROC de 96,8% (93,5%, 100%, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. CONCLUSIÓN Las ingestas proteicas fueron sumamente deficientes en este estudio. Sin embargo, un desenlace adverso se asocia más a un pobre puntaje z al nacer que a factores relacionados a la nutrición.

Intervenção coronária percutânea utilizando Full Metal Jacket com stents farmacológicos: eventos cardíacos adversos maiores em um ano

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Rita Calé

2013-08-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O benefício clínico de intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP para lesões coronárias longas é incerto; além disso, foram levantadas dúvidas questões sobre a sua segurança. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os preditores de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM associados à ICP utilizando Full Metal Jacket (FMJ, definido como a sobreposição de stents farmacológicos (SF medindo >60 mm de comprimento, para lesões muito longas. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 136 pacientes consecutivos com lesões coronárias longas, requerendo FMJ em nosso cadastro de centro único. O desfecho primário incluiu a ocorrência combinada de todas as causas de morte, infarto do miocárdio (IM e revascularização do vaso alvo (RVA. Variáveis demográficas, clínicas, angiográficas e de procedimento foram avaliadas por meio de análise de regressão de Cox para determinar os preditores independentes de desfecho. RESULTADOS: O comprimento médio do stent por lesão foi de 73,2 ± 12,3 mm e o diâmetro médio do vaso de referência foi de 2,9 ± 0,6 mm. O sucesso angiográfico foi de 96,3%. A ausência de ECAM foi de 94,9% em 30 dias e 85,3% em um ano. No acompanhamento de um ano, a taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas foi de 3,7% (1,5% por mortes cardíacas, a taxa de IM foi de 3,7%, e a incidência de trombose de stent (TS definitiva ou provável foi de 2,9%. O gênero feminino [risco relativo (RR, 4,40; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC, 1,81-10,66, p = 0,001 e ICP de artéria coronária não direita (RR, 3,49; p = 0,006; IC 95%, 1,42-8,59 foram preditores independentes de ECAM em um ano. A ausência de eventos adversos em um ano foi maior em pacientes com angina estável submetidos à ICP (RR, 0,33; IC 95% 0,13-0,80, p = 0,014. CONCLUSÕES: A ICP utilizando FMJ com SF para lesões muito longas foi eficaz, mas associada a uma alta taxa de TS em acompanhamento de um ano. No entanto, a taxa de mortalidade cardíaca, IM não relacionado a procedimento, e

Rocuronium and sugammadex in a 3 days old neonate for draining an ovarian cyst. Neuromuscular management and review of the literature

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Ricardo Vieira Carlos

2016-07-01

Full Text Available A case is reported in which a 3-days old neonate with a giant ovarian cyst was scheduled for surgery. The patient received a dose of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. A fast and efficient recovery from neuromuscular block was achieved within 90 s. No adverse events or other safety concerns were observed. Furthermore, a review of the literature on the use of sugammadex in neonates was performed. Resumo: Relato do caso de uma criança recém-nascida de 3 dias de idade com um cisto ovariano gigante programada para a cirurgia. A paciente recebeu uma dose de sugamadex para reverter o bloqueio neuromuscular induzido por rocurônio. Uma recuperação rápida e eficiente do bloqueio neuromuscular foi obtida dentro de 90 segundos. Não foram observados efeitos adversos ou outros problemas de segurança. Além disso, uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de sugamadex em recém-nascidos foi realizada. Keywords: Neonates, Ovarian cyst, Sugammadex, Rocuronium, Reversal agent, Palavras-chave: Recém-nascidos, Cisto ovariano, Sugammadex, Rocurônio, Agente de reversão

Óbitos fetais e neonatais de filhos de pacientes classificadas com near miss

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Daniele Marin Nardello

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos óbitos fetais e neonatais precoces em filhos de pacientes classificadas com near miss e os fatores associados a este desfecho. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 79 mulheres identificadas com near miss e seus recém-nascidos. As variáveis foram analisadas utilizando-se o teste Exato de Fisher. Os fatores de risco foram estimados com base nas razões de chances não ajustadas e ajustadas, e por meio de análise de correspondência múltipla, com significância para p < 0,05. Resultados: as desordens hipertensivas totalizaram 40,5%; destas, 58,3% tiveram desfecho fetal e neonatal adverso. Mostraram-se significantes para o desfecho os recém-nascidos admitidos na Unidade Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (70,8%, idade gestacional < 32 semanas (41,6%, peso ao nascer < 2500 (66,7%, asfixia neonatal (50% e desconforto respiratório precoce (72,2%. Conclusão: prematuridade, asfixia neonatal e desconforto respiratório precoce constituíram características significantes para o desfecho entre os recém-nascidos.

Eventos adversos: análise de um instrumento de notificação utilizado no gerenciamento de enfermagem Eventos adversos: análisis de un instrumento de notificación utilizado en la administración de enfermería Adverse events: analysis of a notification instrument used in nursing management

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Miriam Cristina Marques da Silva de Paiva

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A direção de enfermagem de um hospital universitário terciário da região Centro-Sul do Estado de São Paulo, visando a segurança do paciente e o estabelecimento de meio de comunicação entre equipe e direção, implementou em janeiro de 2004 o Boletim de Notificação de Eventos Adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilização deste instrumento de comunicação e identificar: frequência, tipo, natureza e período dos incidentes/eventos adversos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados de 826 boletins elaborados no período de janeiro/2004 a junho/2006. Verificou-se adesão à utilização do instrumento. Predominaram notificações de ocorrências assistenciais, embora notificações administrativas tenham apresentado número crescente de registros. Eventos adversos mais frequentes relacionaram-se à medicação, quedas, cateteres, sondas/drenos e integridade da pele. A praticidade do instrumento viabilizou sua utilização também por auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. A análise sistematizada e acompanhamento dos eventos adversos associados aos recursos de comunicação mostraram-se fundamentais para a segurança do paciente.La dirección de enfermería de un hospital universitario terciario de la región Centro-Sur del Estado de São Paulo, apuntando a la seguridad del paciente y el establecimiento de un medio de comunicación entre equipo y dirección, implementó en enero de 2004 el Boletín de Notificación de Eventos Adversos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la utilización del nombrado instrumento de comunicación e identificar: frecuencia, tipo, naturaleza y período de los incidentes/eventos adversos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos de 826 boletines elaborados en el período de enero/2004 a junio/2006. Se verificó la adhesión a la utilización del instrumento. Predominaron notificaciones de ocurrencias asistenciales, aunque las notificaciones administrativas presentaron un n

Influência do diabete melito nos resultados imediatos do implante de stent coronário: uma análise dos dados da Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares (CENIC

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Moscoso Isaac

2006-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do diabete melito (DM nos resultados imediatos do implante de stent coronário (SC, de acordo com o quadro clínico de apresentação. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro/1997 e dezembro/2003, segundo a Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares (CENIC, 11.874 pacientes diabéticos foram submetidos a implante de SC: 7.386 (62,3% com insuficiência coronária crônica (ICO, 3.142 (26,4%, em síndrome isquêmica instável sem elevação ST (SIASEST e 1.346 (11,3%, com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM com supradesnivelamento de ST. Estes grupos foram comparados com 48.103 não-diabéticos: 30.980 (64,5% com ICO, 10.938 (22,7% em SIASEST e 6.185 (12,8% com IAM. RESULTADOS: Os diabéticos apresentaram características clínicas e angiográficas de maior risco. Os diabéticos com ICO apresentaram taxa de eventos adversos semelhantes aos não-diabéticos (0,98% x 0,91%, p=0,5971, porém, os diabéticos em SIASEST e IAM apresentaram maior incidência de eventos: 2,76% x 1,46% (p<0,0001 e 7,87% x 4,1% (p<0,0001, respectivamente. A análise multivariada mostrou o DM como preditor independente de risco para eventos adversos maiores na SIASEST (OR: 1,92 IC: 1,46-2,52 p<0,0001 e no IAM (OR: 2,0 IC: 1,57-2,54 p<=0,0001 e não na ICO (OR: 1,08 IC: 0,83-1,42 p=0,5470. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes diabéticos portadores de ICO apresentaram evolução hospitalar semelhante aos não diabéticos, porém, os com SIASEST e IAM demonstraram maior taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos comparados com a população não-diabética.

Efeitos adversos associados à aplicação de toxina botulínica na face: revisão sistemática com meta-análise Adverse effects associated with facial application of botulinum toxin: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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Roberta Melissa Benetti Zagui

2008-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência dos efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso da toxina botulínica na face, por meio de revisão sistemática, usando meta-análise. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada pesquisa eletrônica de artigos publicados no MEDLINE e Cochrane Library até setembro de 2007. A ocorrência dos efeitos adversos foi verificada pela freqüência relativa para os relatos de casos e do risco relativo para os estudos randomizados. A heterogeneidade foi avaliada pelo teste Q e pelo índice I². Foi utilizado o teste de significância de Egger para identificar viés de publicação e a análise de sensibilidade para verificar o efeito dos viéses de publicação. RESULTADOS: Oito estudos randomizados e treze relatos de casos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Na revisão sistemática dos relatos de casos, 1.003 pacientes foram estudados, dos quais 182 (18,14% apresentaram efeitos adversos. O efeito adverso mais freqüente foi a ptose palpebral ocorrendo em 34 (3,39% pacientes dos relatos de casos. Na meta-análise dos estudos randomizados, o risco relativo global para os efeitos adversos como cefaléia, ptose palpebral, reação local e infecção foi 1,07, 3,25, 0,99 e 0,94, respectivamente. Para todas as comparações, o valor de P foi maior que 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito adverso mais freqüente e que apresentou o maior risco relativo relacionado ao uso da toxina botulínica na face foi a ptose palpebral. A padronização dos efeitos adversos relatados é necessária a fim de melhor estabelecer as características dos mesmos.PURPOSE: To estimate the occurrence of adverse effects associated with the use of botulinum toxin by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted until September 2007. The occurrence of the adverse effects was estimated of the relative frequency for case report and of the relative risk for randomized trials. Heterogeneity was

Revisión de 451 casos de poliglobulia neonatal

OpenAIRE

Sehlke C., Paula; Mühlhausen M., Germán

2003-01-01

Objetivo: Describir las características de la poliglobulia neonatal en el Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital San José, Santiago, por su alta incidencia. Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado entre Enero 2000 y Diciembre 2001, evaluando factores maternos, datos del recién nacido y patologías asociadas a poliglobulia. Resultados: Hubo 451 casos de poliglobulia neonatal (2,4% del total de RN y 15,6% de los RN hospitalizados), destacando los antecedentes de hipertensión del embara...

Correlação entre Testes para Avaliação da Vitalidade Fetal, pH da Artéria Umbilical e os Resultados Neonatais em Gestações de Alto Risco Correlation between the Assessment of Fetal Well-being, Umbilical Artery pH at Birth and the Neonatal Results in High-risk Pregnancies

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Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco

2000-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: analisar a relação entre valores de pH no nascimento, testes de vitalidade fetal e resultados neonatais. Métodos: foram incluídas 1346 pacientes com gestação de alto risco atendidas no Setor de Vitalidade Fetal do HCFMUSP. Para estudo do bem-estar fetal foram realizados exames de cardiotocografia, perfil biofísico fetal e índice de líquido amniótico. Após o parto foram obtidos os seguintes parâmetros dos recém-nascidos: idade gestacional no parto, sexo e peso dos recém-nascidos, índices de Apgar de 1º e 5º minutos, pH da artéria umbilical no nascimento e a ocorrência de óbito neonatal. Para estudo destes resultados neonatais, os casos foram divididos em quatro grupos: G1 (pH ou = 7,20. Resultados: a cardiotocografia anormal relacionou-se com valores de pH inferiores a 7,20 (p = 0,001. Resultados anormais do perfil biofísico fetal (Purpose: to analyze the relationship between the values of pH at birth, fetal surveillance examinatios and neonatal results. Methods: one thousand, three hundred and forty-six high-risk pregnancies were evaluated at the Fetal Surveillance Unit. The assessment of fetal well-being included cardiotocography, fetal biophysical profile and amniotic fluid index. After birth, the perinatal results (gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes, umbilical cord pH at birth were collected. To study the results, the patients were divided into four groups: G1 (pH or = 7.20. Results: the abnormal patterns of cardiotocography were associated with pH at birth inferior to 7.20 (p = 0.001. Abnormal results of the fetal biophysical profile (<=4 were related to decrease in pH values at birth (p<0.001. The adverse neonatal outcomes were associated with acidosis at birth, and they were selected to be analyzed by the logistic regression model, showing that the odds ratio of each adverse neonatal outcome increases significantly when the values of pH at birth decrease. Conclusions

Etiology of fetal and neonatal death is multifactorial

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Huiza, Lilia; Pacora, Percy; Ayala, Máximo; Buzzio, Ytala

2003-01-01

Objetivo: Identificar los factores etiopatogénicos asociados a la muerte fetal y neonatal de una población de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Lugar: Hospital San Bartolomé en Lima, entre 1 de enero de 1996 y 31 de diciembre de 2000. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de muerte fetal mayor de 20 semanas de gestación y muerte neonatal antes de los 28 días de nacimiento sometidos a estudio de autopsia y anatomía patológica. Resultados: La prevalencia de muerte fetal fue 1,68% ...

Triagem auditiva neonatal com emissão otoacústica transiente utilizando estímulo de banda estreita

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Isabela Freixo Côrtes-Andrade

2015-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de um equipamento automático de Emissão Otoacustica Evocada Transiente que utiliza um estímulo de banda estreita, Narrow. MÉTODOS: foi analisado o resultado da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de 300 neonatos. A Emissão Otoacústica Evocada Transiente foi realizada com um equipamento portátil automático, com o estímulo de banda estreita - Narrow. Todos os neonatos foram submetidos ao Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com o estímulo clique, duração 100μs como padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS: o percentual de "passa" na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal foi de 90,7%. Considerando os resultados do padrão-ouro, foi observado uma taxa de falso-positivo de 9%. A sensibilidade e especificidade encontradas foram de 100% e 92%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: o estímulo de banda estreita - Narrow mostrou-se eficaz para ser utilizado nos programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal.

Efectos adversos asociados a la vacunación anti-gripal en pediatría

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Martín Moreno Vicente; Molina Cabrerizo María del Rosario; Sotillo Rincón María Jesús; Gómez Gómez Carlos; Alvarez Gómez Julia

1998-01-01

FUNDAMENTO: las dificultades para valorar adecuadamente la morbimortalidad por gripe en la infancia y las limitaciones de la propia vacuna, hacen que su uso en esta etapa siga siendo limitado. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar los efectos adversos asociados a la vacunación antigripal en niños. MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo realizado en las campañas 92/93, 93/94 y 97/98 en 105 niños de Navalcarnero, con vacuna antigripal de virus fraccionados e inactivados con las cepas vacunales reco...

Evento adverso no idoso em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

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Larissa Chaves Pedreira

Full Text Available Objetiva identificar a produção científica, na América Latina, sobre segurança do idoso na UTI e os eventos adversos trazidos pela literatura. Revisão sistemática quantitativa. A coleta, feita no banco de dados do LILACS e SCIELO, considerou descritores indexados e respeitou critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram selecionados vinte trabalhos para análise. Em sua maioria, esses trabalhos foram realizados após o ano de 2000, no Brasil, por profissionais enfermeiros e médicos, tratando principalmente de erros com medicação, retiradas acidentais de sondas e cateteres, infecção nosocomial, erro na técnica de procedimento e ocorrência de úlceras por pressão. A produção cientifica sobre a temática ainda é recente na América Latina, sendo preciso atentar para a população idosa nessas unidades, voltando-se para possíveis riscos a que estão expostos.

La muerte fetal y la muerte neonatal tienen origen multifactorial

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Lilia Huiza; Percy Pacora; Máximo Ayala; Ytala Buzzio

2003-01-01

Objetivo: Identificar los factores etiopatogénicos asociados a la muerte fetal y neonatal de una población de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Lugar: Hospital San Bartolomé en Lima, entre 1 de enero de 1996 y 31 de diciembre de 2000. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de muerte fetal mayor de 20 semanas de gestación y muerte neonatal antes de los 28 días de nacimiento sometidos a estudio de autopsia y anatomía patológica. Resultados: La prevalencia de muerte fetal fue 1,68% ...

Efeitos adversos no tratamento da tuberculose: experiência em serviço ambulatorial de um hospital-escola na cidade de São Paulo Adverse effects of tuberculosis treatment: experience at an outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

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Denise Eri Onodera Vieira

2008-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Verificar a freqüência de efeitos adversos com o uso do Esquema I para tratamento da tuberculose e a necessidade de alterações no tratamento devido a esses efeitos. MÉTODOS: Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de 329 prontuários de pacientes que foram tratados com o Esquema I e receberam alta por cura entre março de 2000 e abril de 2006 no Ambulatório de Tuberculose da Clínica de Pneumologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. Foram analisados os dados referentes aos efeitos adversos, época de seu aparecimento e modificações do esquema de tratamento subseqüentes. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 297 pacientes, e 146 (49,1% apresentaram um ou mais efeitos adversos relacionados às drogas antituberculose. A freqüência dos efeitos colaterais menores foi de 41,1%, e a dos efeitos maiores foi de 12,8%. Os efeitos relacionados ao trato gastrointestinal (40,3% e pele (22,1% foram os mais freqüentes. Os efeitos adversos foram mais freqüentes nos primeiros dois meses de tratamento (58,4%. Houve necessidade de modificação do esquema de tratamento em 11 casos (3,7% do total. A hepatite induzida por medicamentos foi o efeito colateral que mais exigiu modificações. CONCLUSÕES: A freqüência de efeitos adversos relacionados ao tratamento da tuberculose com o Esquema I foi de 49,1% neste grupo de pacientes. Entretanto, na maioria dos casos, não houve necessidade da modificação do esquema de tratamento devido aos efeitos adversos.OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of adverse effects related to the use of the tuberculosis treatment regimen designated Regimen I and the need for regimen alterations due to these effects. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 329 medical charts of patients who were treated with Regimen I and discharged after cure between March 2000 and April 2006 was carried out at the Tuberculosis Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pulmonology of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Hospital in

Nível de ruído em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal Nivel de ruido en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal Noise level in neonatal intensive care unit

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Tereza Yoshiko Kakehashi

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o nível de ruído da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e identificar suas fontes. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, conduzido em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu de abril a maio de 2005, utilizando um dosímetro para 96 horas de registro do nível de pressão sonora e 9 horas de observação, para identificar as fontes de ruído. RESULTADOS: Registrou-se Leq entre 61,3 a 66,6 dBA, sendo maior nos dias do final de semana. Os valores dos picos variaram de 90,8 a 123,4 dBC, sendo mais elevados no período noturno. As principais fontes foram: alarme dos ventiladores, dos oxímetros, conversa entre profissionais e pais e outros. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando os efeitos deletérios do nível elevado de ruído sobre neonatos e equipe de saúde, os resultados demonstram a necessidade de intervenções em algumas rotinas e na conduta dos profissionais e familiares.OBJETIVO: Verificar el nivel de ruido de la Unidad de cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN e identificar sus fuentes. MÉTODOS: Fue conducido en una Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal de Sao Paulo. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. La recolección de datos ocurrió de abril a mayo del 2005, utilizando un dosímetro para 96 horas de registro del nivel de presión sonora y 9 horas de observación, para identificar las fuentes del ruido. RESULTADOS: Se registró Leq entre 61.3 a 66,6 dBA, siendo mayor en los días del final de semana. Los valores de los picos variaron de 90,8 a 123,4 dBC, siendo más elevados en el período nocturno. Las principales fuentes fueron: alarma de los ventiladores, de los oxímetros, conversación entre profesionales y padres y otros. CONCLUSIÓN: Considerando los efectos deletérios del nivel elevado de ruído sobre neonatos y el equipo de salud, los resultados demuestran la necesidad de intervenciones en algunas rutinas y en la conducta de

Relevancia valorativa del resultado global y sus Componentes frente al resultado neto

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Núria Arimany Serrat

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objeto verificar si el resultado global presenta mayor relevancia valorativa respecto al resultado tradicional, y si es así cuáles son los componentes del resultado global que explican las diferencias. El estudio muestra que el resultado global es una variable relevante tanto para explicar el valor intrínseco de la empresa como para explicar su rentabilidad. Sin embargo, sólo al explicar la rentabilidad el resultado global y su incremento aumentan la relevancia valorativa del resultado neto y su incremento. De los componentes analizados del resultado global, tan sólo los resultados por diferencias de conversión de la moneda extranjera a la moneda de presentación añaden poder explicativo adicional al del resultado neto, aunque sólo en los modelos de rentabilidad. Ni los resultados por valoración de instrumentos financieros a valor razonable con cambios en patrimonio ni los resultados por coberturas de flujos de efectivo aportan un mayor poder explicativo al del resultado neto.

Reconhecimento materno na Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal

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Monika Wernet

2015-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: analisar experiências maternas em Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, com foco nas relações de reconhecimento. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido na perspectiva da hermenêutica gadameriana, fundamentado no conceito honnethiano de reconhecimento. Foram entrevistadas, em profundidade, dez mães de crianças internadas em Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal. Resultados: há comprometimentos no processo de reconhecimento materno na unidade e, como desdobramento, surgem sentimentos de obrigação e insegurança para o cuidado do filho e fragilidades na autoestima. Conclusão: as interações com os profissionais de saúde e as normas e protocolos ali existentes promovem vulnerabilidades e comprometem o reconhecimento e a autonomia materna.

Epileptic manifestations induced by midazolam in the neonatal period Manifestações epilépticas induzidas por midazolam no período neonatal

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Maria Augusta Montenegro

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Antiepileptic drugs may cause worsening of epilepsy by aggravating pre-existing seizures or by triggering new seizure types. There are several reports of adverse effects related to midazolam, but only a few authors reported epileptic manifestations. We report four newborns seen at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our University Hospital, who developed seizures a few seconds after the administration of midazolam. It is difficult to identify the patients at risk, but it is important to be aware and recognize this situation.Drogas antiepilépticas podem piorar o controle da epilepsia por agravar crises epilépticas pre-existentes ou por desencadear novos tipos de crises. Existem vários relatos de eventos adversos relacionados ao midazolam; entretanto, poucos autores referem manifestações epilépticas. Neste estudo relatamos a ocorrência de crises epilépticas poucos segundos após a administração de midazolam, em quatro neonatos atendidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do nosso hospital universitário. É difícil determinar quais pacientes estão em risco, mas é importante estar atento e reconhecer esta situação.

Costos directos e impacto sobre la morbimortalidad hospitalaria de eventos adversos prevenibles a medicamentos en una institución de tercer nivel de Bogotá

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José Fernando Pinzón

2011-03-01

Conclusiones. Es importante tomar medidas tendientes a disminuir la presentación de eventos adversos prevenibles a medicamentos, ya que repercuten negativamente tanto sobre la salud de los pacientes, como en el consumo de recursos.

Efeitos adversos metabólicos de antipsicóticos e estabilizadores de humor Metabolic side effects of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers

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Paulo José Ribeiro Teixeira

2006-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Um aumento na incidência de obesidade e diabetes melito entre pacientes psiquiátricos foi observado ainda na década de 60, como resultado indesejável do uso de antipsicóticos. Nos anos 80 e 90, a reabilitação da clozapina, a síntese dos demais antipsicóticos atípicos e a disseminação do uso do lítio e do ácido valpróico chamaram novamente a atenção para os efeitos metabólicos desses medicamentos. Este estudo tem por objetivo revisar a literatura médica a respeito dos efeitos adversos metabólicos associados ao uso de antipsicóticos e estabilizadores de humor. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS até outubro de 2005. CONCLUSÃO: Os efeitos adversos metabólicos permanecem como problemas importantes da psicofarmacologia. Ganho de peso clinicamente relevante ocorre com freqüência em pacientes em uso de antipsicóticos e estabilizadores de humor, principalmente naqueles em uso de clozapina, olanzapina, lítio e ácido valpróico. A clozapina e a olanzapina associam-se também a uma maior incidência de diabetes melito e dislipidemias, seja devido ao ganho de peso, seja por ação deletéria direta sobre o metabolismo da glicose. A incidência de obesidade e outros distúrbios metabólicos é menor com a risperidona, se comparada à olanzapina ou à clozapina. Carbamazepina associa-se a menor ganho de peso, se comparada ao lítio ou ao ácido valpróico. Drogas como o haloperidol, a ziprasidona, o aripiprazol e a lamotrigina não estão associadas a ganho importante de peso ou a maior incidência de diabetes melito e são alternativas para pacientes mais propensos a desenvolver tais efeitos adversos.BACKGROUND: An increase in the incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus in psychiatric patients using antipsychotic drugs was observed as early as the 1960's. In the 1980's and 1990's, rehabilitation of clozapine, synthesis of other atypical antipsychotics, and spread of the

Causas de subnotificación de accidentes de trabajo y eventos adversos en Chile

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Carolina Luengo

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Describir las causas de subnotificación de accidentes de trabajo (AT y eventos adversos EA reportados por la literatura internacional e informantes claves del área de la salud y prevención de riesgos en Chile. Métodos Estudio de abordaje cualitativo y descriptivo, que incluye una revisión sistematizada de la literatura siguiendo el método SALSA de revisión (por sus siglas en inglés Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analyses; búsqueda, evaluación, síntesis y análisis y ajustado a la Declaración PRISMA (por sus siglas en inglés, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses; ítems de reporte preferidos para las revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, y entrevistas a informantes clave del área de la salud y prevención de riesgos en Chile. Resultados Las principales causas de subnotificación de AT reportados por la literatura y por informantes clave fueron el factor económico y el desconocimiento. En cuanto a los EA, las principales causas señaladas fueron el temor a las sanciones, el escaso apoyo de las jefaturas, la falta de conocimiento y la sobrecarga de trabajo. Conclusiones Es importante seguir avanzando en el tema de la notificación de AT y EA e implementar medidas dirigidas a minimizar las que podrían ser las causas principales de subnotificación. En el caso de los AT, que el factor económico no sea un impedimento, sino un aliciente y en los EA, erradicar el temor a las sanciones y elaborar recomendaciones centradas en mejoras hacia el sistema, más que hacia la persona, en pro de un aprendizaje conjunto. En ambos casos, combatir el desconocimiento mediante capacitación y apoyo permanente y sistemático.

Efeitos adversos durante a infusão de infliximabe em crianças e adolescentes: estudo multicêntrico Adverse reactions during infliximab infusion in children and adolescents: multicenter study

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Cássia Maria Passarelli Lupoli Barbosa

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência e a gravidade dos efeitos adversos durante a infusão de infliximabe. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva de prontuários de 58 pacientes acompanhados em cinco serviços de reumatologia pediátrica. Todos apresentavam doença refratária ou eram intolerantes ao uso de uma ou mais drogas modificadoras de doença e receberam uma ou mais infusões de infliximabe. A análise estatística foi descritiva, levando-se em conta a freqüência e o tipo dos efeitos adversos, assim como sua relação com o número de infusões, a dose de infliximabe e a indicação. RESULTADOS: A média da idade na época da introdução do infliximabe foi de 12 anos e 9 meses e a média do tempo de evolução da doença foi de 7 anos e 7 meses. A principal indicação da medicação foi artrite idiopática juvenil (43. Dos 58 pacientes avaliados, 25 (43,1% apresentaram efeitos adversos durante a infusão e em 17 (29,3%, a medicação teve de ser suspensa. As reações que ocorreram foram: dispnéia (dez, náuseas e vômitos (oito, rash cutâneo (sete, choque anafilático (seis, rubor facial (cinco, angioedema (quatro, dor torácica (quatro, urticária e hipertensão, entre outras. A reação anafilática foi mais freqüente entre a quarta e a sexta infusão. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência e a gravidade dos efeitos adversos ao infliximabe devem ser levadas em conta, não apenas por ocasião da sua indicação, mas principalmente por ocasião da escolha do local para a sua aplicação, que deve contar com estrutura para atendimento de urgência.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and the severity of the adverse reactions during the infusion of infliximab. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 58 patients, followed up at 5 paediatric rheumatology centers. All patients presented refractory disease or were intolerant to one or more disease modifying drugs and received one or more infliximab infusions. The data analysis

Resultados preliminares del pesquisaje neonatal inmunohistoquímico para la detección del síndrome de frágil X Preliminary results of the immunohistochemical neonatal screening for detecting the fragile X syndrome

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Roberto Lardoeyt Ferrer

2004-09-01

Full Text Available El síndrome de frágil X constituye la entidad genética que ocupa el primer lugar como causa de retraso mental hereditario, caracterizado por un fenotipo físico y psiconeuroconductual muy peculiar. Han sido innumerables los estudios que se han realizado con el fin de dilucidar la función del gen y la localización de la proteína que la misma codifica relacionado con esta afección, entre los cuales se encuentran las técnicas inmunohistoquímicas. Se aplicó la técnica inmunohistoquímica con el objetivo de detectar individuos con riesgo genético de presentar el síndrome de frágil X a través de un pesquisaje neonatal en un período de 14 meses. Se pesquisaron un total de 2 914 recién nacidos varones, de los cuales 2 414 obtuvieron resultados inmunohistoquímicos. Diez casos fueron proteína negativos, en los cuales su desarrollo psicomotor fue evaluado exhaustivamente durante un período de 3 años, y fue normal; no se detectó ningún individuo con la enfermedad.The Fragile X syndrome is the genetic entity that is the first cause of hereditary mental retardation characterized by a very peculiar physical and psychoneuroconductal phenotype. Innumerable studies, including the immunohistochemical techniques, have been conducted aimed at dilucidating the gene's function and the localization of the protein that it codified related to this affection. The immunohistochemical techique was used in order to detect individuals at genetical risk for presenting Fragile X syndrome by neonatal screening in 14 months. A total of 2 914 male infants were screened of whom 2 414 showed histochemical results. 10 cases tested negative protein. Their psychomotor development was exhaustively evaluated for 3 years and it was normal. The disease was not detected in any individual.

Perforación gástrica neonatal Neonatal gastric perforation

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Víctor Cabo Rodríguez

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: presentándose como una verdadera emergencia quirúrgica, la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye un reto para todos los galenos que laboran en este campo. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de recién nacidos con perforación gástrica, y revisar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre esta nosología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, con la totalidad de los recién nacidos ingresados en la sala de neonatología quirúrgica del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler", diagnosticados con perforación gástrica, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 2010. Resultados: se trataron 8 pacientes, de los cuales 3 se consideraron como idiopáticos. El neumoperitoneo estuvo presente en la totalidad de los pacientes. El fundus gástrico y la cara anterior del órgano constituyeron los sitios más frecuentemente afectados. Por su lado, la prematuridad no guardó una clara relación con la ocurrencia de la perforación. En la mayoría de los pacientes se realizó una reparación primaria de la perforación sin gastrostomía. La mortalidad general en el estudio fue de un 62 %, y fue la peritonitis la complicación más frecuente. Conclusiones: la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye una entidad altamente letal, en la cual las distintas alternativas de tratamiento quirúrgico no son, en definitiva, por sí solas, la solución para lograr una adecuada sobrevida.Introduction: present like a real surgical emergence, the neonatal gastric perforation is a challenge for all physicians working in this field. Objective: to show the results of our experience with the treatment of newborns presenting with gastric perforation and also to review the current state of knowledge on this nosology. Methods: a retrospective and descriptive research was conducted in all the newborns admitted in the surgical neonatology ward of the

Relevancia valorativa del resultado global y sus componentes frente al resultado neto

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Núria Arimany Serrat

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objeto verificar si el resultado global presenta mayor relevancia valorativa respecto al resultado tradicional, y si es así cuáles son los componentes del resultado global que explican las diferencias. El estudio muestra que el resultado global es una variable relevante tanto para explicar el valor intrínseco de la empresa como para explicar su rentabilidad. Sin embargo, sólo al explicar la rentabilidad el resultado global y su incremento aumentan la relevancia valorativa del resultado neto y su incremento. De los componentes analizados del resultado global, tan sólo los resultados por diferencias de conversión de la moneda extranjera a la moneda de presentación añaden poder explicativo adicional al del resultado neto, aunque sólo en los modelos de rentabilidad. Ni los resultados por valoración de instrumentos financieros a valor razonable con cambios en patrimonio ni los resultados por coberturas de flujos de efectivo aportan un mayor poder explicativo al del resultado neto.This study analyses if comprehensive income is more value relevant than the net income and, if that is the case, what are the elements of the comprehensive income explaining the difference. Our study shows that comprehensive income is a relevant variable both to explain the value of the company and also to explain its return. However, comprehensive income and its variation show to be more relevant than the net income and its variation only when explaining return. As for the components of the comprehensive income, foreign currency adjustments increase usefulness in the return models but cash flow hedges and adjustments due to fair value valuation do not add value relevance to the net income.

Eventos adversos e motivos de descarte relacionados ao reuso de produtos médicos hospitalares em angioplastia coronária Adverse events and reasons for discard related to the reuse of cardiac catheters in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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Margarete Ártico Batista

2006-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os eventos adversos ocorridos durante e após angioplastia coronária (ATC, possivelmente relacionados ao reuso de produtos médico-hospitalares, além de quantificar e identificar os motivos de descarte em relação ao primeiro uso e ao reuso. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 60 pacientes, sendo que 29 (48,3% apresentavam angina instável, 27 (45% IAM e quatro (6,7% outros diagnósticos. Durante o procedimento e na permanência na Unidade Intensiva Coronariana, atentou-se à possibilidade de ocorrência dos eventos adversos febre, hipertensão, hipotensão, calafrios, sudorese, sangramento, náuseas e vômitos. Foram avaliados sete produtos médico-hospitalares: introdutor, cateter-guia, fio-guia 0.35, fio-guia 0.014, cateter- balão para angioplastia, seringa com manômetro para insuflar balão (indeflator e torneira de três vias (manifold. No total de produtos (76 de primeiro uso e 410 reprocessados, verificou-se se houve descarte e se isto ocorreu antes ou durante o procedimento e quais os motivos para tanto. Utilizou-se o teste Qui Quadrado, admitindo-se erro alfa de 5%. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis pacientes apresentaram eventos adversos. A hipotensão foi o evento mais prevalente e ocorreu em 11(18,3% casos. Não houve, porém, significância estatística entre o evento adverso hipotensão e reuso ou não dos produtos médico-hospitalares. Por não estarem íntegros, foram descartados três produtos de primeiro uso e 55 produtos dos reutilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Os eventos adversos apresentados pelos pacientes submetidos à angioplastia não estão associados ao reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares. A integridade e funcionalidade foram os motivos principais de descarte.OBJECTIVE: To describe the adverse effects that occur during and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA possibly related to the reuse of medical equipment. An additional objective is to quantify and identify the reasons of discard in respect to

186. Impacto adverso de la diabetes en la cirugía de la estenosis valvular aórtica. ¿influye alterando el remodelado ventricular?

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R. García Fuster

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: Los pacientes diabéticos intervenidos de estenosis aórtica mostraron un peor perfil de riesgo con claro impacto adverso sobre la morbimortalidad. Aunque la diabetes se asoció a mayor disfunción sistólica, no alteró significativamente el remodelado ventricular.

FATORES DE RISCO MATERNOS E INFANTIS ASSOCIADOS À MORTALIDADE NEONATAL

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Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaiva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudiaron los factores materno-infantiles relacionados con la mortalidad neonatal, a partir de datos obtenidos de los Sistemas de Información de Nacidos Vivos y Mortalidad integrados por vinculación. Se analizaron 9.349 nacidos vivos en Cuiabá-MT, en 2010, 78 de los cuales murieron en el período neonatal. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado empleando la regresión logística. En el modelo múltiple, se mantuvo asociada con la mortalidad neonatal: la edad materna menor de 20 años; la prematuridad; bajo peso al nacer; Apgar menor a siete en el 1 y 5 minutos; y la presencia de anomalías congénitas. Los resultados indicaron la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de la atención prenatal, para la prevención del bajo peso al nacer y la prematuridad. La asociación entre la muerte neonatal y baja puntuación de Apgar en el 1 y 5 minutos indica, a su vez, la importancia de la atención del parto.

Colestase neonatal prolongada: estudo prospectivo

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PRADO Elizabeth Teixeira Mendes Livramento

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Em razão da urgência de se decidir por um tratamento clínico ou por uma intervenção cirúrgica imediata, o estudo da colestase neonatal prolongada envolve dois objetivos básicos: o diagnóstico diferencial entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal e a pesquisa dos agentes etiológicos associados. Desta maneira, através de estudo prospectivo desenvolvido na década de 1970, foram avaliadas 77 crianças portadoras de colestase neonatal prolongada para estabelecer o diagnóstico diferencial entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal e, numa segunda fase, 108 crianças, visando esclarecer a etiopatogenia da colestase neonatal prolongada. Os resultados do diagnóstico diferencial revelaram que, dos 18 atributos avaliados, apenas oito mostraram-se bons indicadores de atresia biliar, em ordem decrescente: ductos proliferados (espaço-porta, fibrose (espaço-porta, colestase (espaço-porta, cor das fezes -- acolia, hepatomegalia, colestase canalicular (lóbulo, infiltrado (espaço-porta, células gigantes (lóbulo. Estes oito atributos foram então compostos, mediante uma ponderação, em um único indicador de grande poder discriminativo, capaz de decidir o diagnóstico diferencial em 99% dos casos. Quanto à etiopatogenia, registrou-se: vírus rubéola 0%, vírus herpes simples 0%, listeriose 0%, citomegalovirose 2,2%, vírus hepatite B 2,4%, toxoplasmose 2,8%, deficiência de alfa-1-antitripsina 13,1%, sífilis 21,1 %, auto-anticorpos hepáticos 58,4%. O trabalho desenvolvido mostra que as 8 variáveis mais decisivas, como indicadoras diferenciais entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal, permanecem como índices fundamentais, auxiliando, em conjunto com novos métodos diagnósticos, na composição de uma estratégia multifatorial cada vez menos invasiva e mais precisa. O estudo da etiopatogenia, dependente das condições epidemiológicas locais e da época, com a introdução de novos métodos diagnósticos, torna-se atualmente cada vez mais

Triagem Neonatal, Anemia Falciforme e Serviço Social: o atendimento segundo profissionais de saúde.

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Torres, Camila; Guedes, Cristiano

2015-01-01

Este estudo buscou entender os aspectos sociais percebidos pelos profissionais de uma equipe multidisciplinar de triagem neonatal no processo saúde-doença da anemia falciforme. Visou também compreender a atuação de assistentes sociais na educação em saúde, especialmente o aconselhamento genético. Foram entrevistados profissionais pertencentes a um centro de atendimento de crianças identificadas com anemia falciforme na triagem neonatal. Os resultados revelaram a dificuldade de permanência das...

Valor preditivo dos escores de SNAP e SNAP-PE na mortalidade neonatal Predictive value of SNAP and SNAP-PE for neonatal mortality

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Rita C. Silveira

2001-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar os escores SNAP e SNAP-PE como preditores de mortalidade neonatal na nossa UTI neonatal, comparando seus resultados. MÉTODOS: todos os recém-nascidos admitidos na UTI neonatal no período de março de 1997 a dezembro de 1998 foram avaliados prospectivamente quanto ao SNAP e SNAP-PE com 24 horas de vida. Foram critérios de exclusão o óbito ou alta da UTI nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, as malformações congênitas incompatíveis com a vida, e recém-nascidos transferidos de outros hospitais. RESULTADOS: 553 recém-nascidos foram incluídos, 54 faleceram. Os valores das medianas do SNAP e SNAP-PE foram mais elevados naqueles que não sobreviveram. Os recém-nascidos foram divididos em cinco faixas de gravidade crescente de SNAP e SNAP-PE. SNAP: até 6, 7-11, 12-15, 16-24, acima de 24 (mortalidade: 3%, 11%, 29%, 48%, 75%, respectivamente. SNAP-PE: até 11, 12-23, 24-32, 33-50, acima de 50 (mortalidade: 3%, 10%, 53%, 78%, 83%, respectivamente. A partir da Curva ROC, os pontos de corte foram 12 para SNAP e 24 para SNAP-PE, obtendo-se sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP e valor preditivo negativo (VPN para mortalidade. SNAP 12: sensibilidade 79,6%, especificidade 71,7%, VPP 23,4%, VPN 97%. SNAP-PE 24: sensibilidade 79,6%, especificidade 80%, VPP 30%, VPN 97,3%. A área abaixo da Curva ROC (Az para SNAP foi 81,4% e para SNAP-PE 85,1%, ambas estatisticamente significativas. A comparação entre as áreas das duas curvas não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÕES: os escores SNAP e SNAP-PE são excelentes preditores de sobrevida neonatal, recomendamos sua utilização rotineiramente na admissão de recém-nascidos nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension as neonatal mortality predictors in our neonatal intensive care unit, and to compare their

Evaluación de las causas de los eventos adversos o incidentes que afectan la seguridad del paciente, en el hospital central de la policía de enero 2012 a diciembre 2013

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Alarcon Ruiz, Diego Jesus; Gil Vargas, Luis Fabio

2016-01-01

TITULO DEL TRABAJO: Evaluación de las causas de los eventos adversos o incidentes que afectan la seguridad del paciente, en el hospital central de la policía de enero 2012 a diciembre 2013. OBJETIVO: Determinar y analizar la causa raíz de los principales factores de riesgo que afectan la seguridad del paciente que puedan ocasionar eventos adversos en la atención de los pacientes, con el uso de la teoría de restricciones TOC en el Hospital Central de la Policía HOCEN. MATERIALES Y METODO: Se r...

Eventos adversos relacionados con los cuidados de enfermería en el Hospital de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

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Adela Janet Vaca Aúz; Zoila Paulina Muñoz Navarro; Mercedes del Carmen Flores Grijalba; Geovana Narciza de Jesús Altamirano Zabala; Margarita Susana Meneses Dávila; Mireya Estefanía Barahona Cisneros; Carla Elizabeth Ortega López

2017-01-01

Introducción: Dado el rol de la enfermería asociado a la prevención de errores y gestión de riesgos sanitarios en el ámbito asistencial, resulta de interés el estudio de la participación de Enfermería en la seguridad de los pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar los eventos adversos relacionados con los cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados en un centro hospitalario de segundo nivel en la ciudad de Ibarra-Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observac...

El Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia: seis años de experiencia en la detección de efectos adversos The Cuban system of drug surveillance: six years of experience in detecting adverse effects

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Giset Jiménez López

2006-04-01

Full Text Available El Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología cuenta entre sus principales líneas de trabajo con la investigación, docencia, información de medicamentos, consulta terapéutica, Programa para el Uso Racional de los Medicamentos (PURMED y la farmacovigilancia con su Unidad Nacional Coordinadora. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer los principales resultados de trabajo en 6 años de creado este sistema de vigilancia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo para caracterizar los reportes de sospechas de reacciones adversas recibidas en la Unidad Coordinadora Nacional de Farmacovigilancia. Se recibieron en este periodo un total de 89 540 notificaciones de reacciones adversas medicamentosas, lo que da un promedio 17 908 sospechas de notificación/año, y una tasa de reporte de más de 1 000 notificaciones por millón de habitantes. Con estos resultados queda identificado un comportamiento regular en algunos de estos indicadores, como es el predominio de efectos adversos en el sexo femenino, la afectación de la piel y el sistema digestivo entre las reacciones más reportadas y el predominio en todos los años de los antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y los antihipertensivos como grupos farmacológicos; de igual modo han aumentado las reacciones adversas de baja frecuencia de aparición y se han seguido los efectos adversos graves. La farmacovigilancia en el mundo sigue siendo una disciplina científica y clínica muy dinámica, la cual resulta imprescindible para afrontar los problemas que pueda plantear un arsenal de medicamentos que no deja de crecer en variedad y potencia. Por ello es tan necesario que, en cuanto surjan efectos adversos o toxicidad -sobre todo si aún no están descritos-, se notifique y analice el episodio y se comunique adecuadamente su importancia a los profesionales sanitariosThe Center for the Development of Pharmacological Epidemiology has several working lines such as research

Eventos adversos com medicação em Serviços de Emergência: condutas profissionais e sentimentos vivenciados por enfermeiros Eventos adversos con medicaciones en Servicios de Urgencia: conductas profesionales y sentimientos vividos por los enfermeros Medication adverse events in Emergency Department: nurse's professional conduct and personal feelings

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Audry Elizabeth dos Santos

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivos verificar as condutas profissionais e os sentimentos dos enfermeiros de serviços de Emergência frente a um evento adverso com medicação e suas associações com a idade, tempo de formado, tempo de experiência na área e vivência anterior com esse tipo de evento. A amostra foi constituída por 116 enfermeiros atuantes em 15 hospitais gerais do município de São Paulo que responderam a um questionário sobre uma situação fictícia com erro de medicação. Os resultados revelaram as seguintes condutas em ordem de prioridade: comunicar ao médico (69,8%, intensificar os cuidados ao paciente (55,1% e anotar no prontuário (28,0%. A preocupação (79,3% foi a manifestação afetiva predominante (79,3%, seguida pela impotência e raiva (22,4%, cada um e insegurança (24,4%. A análise das variáveis mostrou relação entre as condutas profissionais e tempo de formado, enquanto que os sentimentos relacionaram-se com a idade e vivência anterior com esse tipo de evento.El estudio tuvo como objectivo verificar las conductas profesionales y los sentimientos de los enfermeros del servicio de emergencia que se encuentra adelante de un evento adverso com medicación y sus asociaciones com la idad, tiempo del graduado, tiempo de experiencia en la area y vivencia anterior com neste tipo del evento. La muestra fue constituida por 116 enfermeros actuantes em 15 hospitales generales del municipio de São Paulo que respondieram a un cuestionario sobre una situación ficticia com error de medicaciones. Los resultados demonstraron las siguientes conductas en orden de prioridades: comunicar al médico (69,8%, intensificar los cuidados al paciente (55,1% y anotar en el prontuario (28,0%. La preocupacion (79,3% fue la manifestacion afectiva predominante (79,3%, seguida por la impotencia y rabia (22,4% cada una y inseguridad (24,4%. La analise de las variables demonstró relaciones entre las conductas profesionales y tiempo de

Oligodramnia sem rotura das membranas amnióticas: resultados perinatais Oligohydramnios without premature rupture of membranes: perinatal outcomes

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José Mauro Madi

2005-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar os resultados perinatais em casos de oligodramnia sem rotura de membranas amnióticas. MÉTODOS: foram estudados retrospectivamente 51 casos consecutivos de oligodramnia (índice de líquido amniótico (ILA menor que 5 cm em nascimentos ocorridos no período de março de 1998 a setembro de 2001. Compararam-se os dados obtidos aos de 61 casos com quantidade intermediária e normal de líquido amniótico (ILA >5 cm. Analisaram-se variáveis maternas e neonatais, bem como taxas de mortalidade fetal, neonatal precoce e perinatal. As avaliações estatísticas foram realizadas mediante a aplicação do teste não paramétrico do c² com a correção de Yates, e do teste t de Student. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença significante entre os grupos estudados, ao se analisar a ocorrência de síndrome hipertensiva, presença de mecônio, índice de Apgar inferior a sete no primeiro e quinto minuto, internação na unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal e prematuridade. A oligodramnia associou-se significantemente ao tipo de parto (pPURPOSE: to evaluate perinatal outcomes in cases of oligohydramnios without premature rupture of membranes. METHODS: a total of 51 consecutive cases of oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index, AFI 5. Maternal and neonatal variables, as well as fetal mortality, early neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates were analyzed. For statistical analysis the c² test with Yates correction and Student's t test were used with level of signicance set at 5%. RESULTS: there were no significant differences between groups when the presence of gestational hypertensive syndromes, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, 1- and 5-minute Apgar score, need of neonatal intensive center unit, and preterm birth were analyzed. Oligohydramnios was associated with the way of delivery (p<0.0002; RR=0.3, fetal distress (p<0.0004; RR=2.2 and fetal malformations (p<0.01; RR=5.4. Fetal malformation rates

A mortalidade neonatal em 1998, no município de Botucatu - SP La mortalidad neonatal en 1998, en el município de Botucatu-SP The neonatal mortality in 1998 at the municipality of Botucatu-SP

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Kátia Poles

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Considerando que a mortalidade neonatal é indicador da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido, realizamos o presente trabalho, cujo objetivo foi identificar as causas e o índice de mortalidade neonatal durante o ano de 1998 em Botucatu-SP. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal obtido foi de 8,3/1000 nascidos vivos e o coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal precoce foi de 7,3/1000 nascidos vivos, confirmando a importância dos óbitos na primeira semana de vida. Aproximadamente três quartos dos óbitos puderam ser classificados como reduzíveis por diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, reduzíveis por adequada atenção ao parto ou parcialmente reduzíveis por adequado controle da gravidez, evidenciando que para se reduzir os índices de morte neonatal, deveremos investir na melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, à parturiente e ao neonato.Considerando que la mortalidad neonatal es un indicador de la calidad de la asistencia ofrecida en la gestación, al parto y al recién- nacido, realizamos el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de estudiar la mortalidad neonatal durante el año de 1998 en Botucatu-SP. El coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal encontrado fue 8,3/1000 nacidos vivos y el coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal precoz fue de 7,3/1000 nacidos vivos, confirmando la importancia de las defunciones en la primera semana de vida. Los resultados mostraron que aproximadamente tres cuartos de las defunciones pueden ser reducidas con el control del embarazo, con el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz o con la adecuada atención al parto, evidenciando que para reducir los índices de mortalidad neonatal, deberemos invertir en la mejoría de la calidad de la asistencia ofrecida en la gestación, en el parto y al recién-nacido.Considering that neonatal mortality is an indicator of the quality of the care provided to pregnant women, at childbirth as well as to the new born, authors developed the

A pré-medicação com midazolam antes de secção cesariana não tem efeitos adversos no neonato

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Ahmet Can Senel

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Como todos os pacientes cirúrgicos, pacientes obstétricas também sentem estresse e ansieda de operatórios. Isso pode ser prevenido se forem passadas à paciente informações detalhadas sobre sua operação e se forem administrados medicamentos farmacológicos pré-operatórios. Devido aos efeitos depressivos dos sedativos nos neonatos, os medicamentos farmacológicos são omitidos, especialmente em pacientes obstétricas. A literatura contém poucos estudos concernentes ao uso de midazolam no pré-operatório em pacientes de secção cesariana (C/S. Nosso objetivo nesse estudo foi ajudar nossas pacientes passando por cirurgia C/S. Um grupo agendado para C/S eletiva recebeu midazolam 0,025 mg kg−1 por via intraveno sa; o outro grupo recebeu salina. A ansiedade materna foi avaliada com o uso dos escores da Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS (Escala de Ansiedade e Informação Pré-operatória de Amsterdam, e os neonatos foram avaliados por Apgar e pelo instrumento Neonatal Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Score (NACS (Escore Neurológico e de Capacidade Adaptativa do Neonato. Em conclusão, os pacientes pré-medicados com midazolam 0,025 mg kg−1 medicação tiveram escores de ansiedade significativamente baixos, sem qualquer efeito adverso nos neonatos. Portanto, midazolam pode, com segurança, ser utilizado como agente de pré-medicação na cirurgia C/S.

Efeitos adversos no pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológicas e mamárias Adverse postoperative effects in minor gynaecological and breast surgeries

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Adriana Cássia Paiva Santos

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Analisar a ocorrência de efeitos adversos no período de 24 horas da evolução pós-anestésica e pós-cirúrgica em mulheres submetidas a intervenções cirúrgicas ginecológicas e mamárias de pequeno porte e identificar os principais fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo tipo corte transversal que incluiu 159 mulheres submetidas a intervenções cirúrgicas ginecológicas e mamárias consideradas de pequeno porte. As mulheres foram internadas no dia anterior à intervenção cirúrgica e permaneceram no hospital por pelo menos 24 horas após o término do procedimento. As técnicas anestésicas realizadas foram bloqueio intercostal, bloqueio espinhal e anestesia geral. RESULTADOS: Os eventos adversos mais freqüentes foram vômitos, náuseas e dor, e ocorreram em 40,3% das mulheres. Destes, 60% foram observados nas primeiras quatro horas e 80% em até seis horas, após a intervenção cirúrgica. As mulheres submetidas ao bloqueio intercostal apresentaram alta mais precoce da recuperação anestésica; o bloqueio espinhal esteve associado mais freqüentemente à dor no período pós-operatório, porém houve menor incidência de náuseas e vômitos em relação à anestesia geral e bloqueio intercostal. Antecedente de tabagismo contribuiu para ocorrência de dor. CONCLUSÃO: O período de seis horas de observação mostrou-se adequado para a avaliação da maioria das complicações e efeitos adversos que ocorrem após intervenções cirúrgicas, ginecológicas e mamárias, de pequeno porte.OBJECTIVES: To analyze the occurrence of adverse effects in the first 24-hour postoperative/postanesthetic period in women undergoing minor gynecologic or minor breast surgeries and to identify main associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 women who underwent minor gynecologic or breast surgeries. The women were admitted to the hospital one day before surgery and remained hospitalized for at least

Neonatal Death

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... Home > Complications & Loss > Loss & grief > Neonatal death Neonatal death E-mail to a friend Please fill in ... cope with your baby’s death. What is neonatal death? Neonatal death is when a baby dies in ...

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico

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Fargas-Berríos, N.; García-Fragoso, L.; García-García, I.; Valcárcel, M.

2015-01-01

Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor ...

Avaliação do programa de triagem auditiva neonatal da Clínica Escola do Univag

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Ana Paula Cordoval da Costa

2016-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: verificar se a porcentagem de recém-nascidos que falharam na triagem auditiva do serviço da Clínica Escola do Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande está dentro do determinado pelos indicadores de qualidade dos serviços de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. Método: estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram analisados os resultados dos exames de Emissões Otoacústicas Transientes realizados no período de Outubro de 2013 a Agosto de 2014, em um serviço gratuito de triagem auditiva neonatal opcional do setor privado de uma universidade da cidade de Várzea Grande-Mato Grosso, Brasil. Compuseram a amostra 251 participantes, subdivididos em dois grupos: grupo de baixo risco composto por 210 participantes, sendo 100 do gênero feminino e 110 do masculino e; grupo de alto risco composto por 41 participantes, sendo 17 do gênero feminino e 24 do masculino. Resultados: foram analisados os resultados da triagem auditiva obtidas com o teste das Emissões Otoacústicas Transientes sendo que no grupo de baixo risco 39,52% passaram, 4,76% falharam e 55,71% não compareceram ao serviço para finalização da triagem. Já no grupo de alto risco, 48,78% passaram, 14,63% falharam e 36,59% não compareceram ao serviço para finalização da triagem, conforme demonstrado nas Tabelas 1 e 2. Conclusão: a porcentagem de indivíduos que falharam na triagem auditiva neonatal pelo serviço avaliado está acima do preconizado pela literatura.

Transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes sob ventilação invasiva: repercussões cardiorrespiratórias e eventos adversos Intrahospital transport of patients on invasive ventilation: cardiorespiratory repercussions and adverse events

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Lea Tami Suzuki Zuchelo

2009-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de alterações cardiorrespiratórias e identificar eventos adversos durante o transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes sob ventilação invasiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional prospectivo não-randomizado, conduzido em dois hospitais terciários, entre abril de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Foram incluídos pacientes sob ventilação invasiva que necessitaram de transporte intra-hospitalar durante o período do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram: estar sob suspeita de morte encefálica; ter sido submetido a períodos de ventilação mecânica e de nebulização em tubo T; e ter sido transportado para o centro cirúrgico. Antes e após o transporte, os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: gasometria arterial, sinais vitais, uso de medicamentos através de uma bomba de infusão contínua, parâmetros do ventilador mecânico, duração do transporte, distância percorrida e número de profissionais envolvidos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 48 pacientes, num total de 58 transportes. Observou-se alteração cardiorrespiratória importante em 39 transportes, totalizando 86 episódios, assim como 16 eventos adversos relacionados à falha de equipamento e falha da equipe, dentre eles problemas com baterias e falhas de comunicação. CONCLUSÕES: Durante o transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes submetidos à ventilação invasiva, alterações cardiorrespiratórias foram frequentes (67,2%, e eventos adversos ocorreram em 75,7% dos transportes realizados.OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of cardiorespiratory alterations and to identify adverse events during the intrahospital transport of patients on invasive ventilation. METHODS: A prospective observational non-randomized study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals between April of 2005 and December of 2006. We included patients on invasive ventilation who required intrahospital transport during the study period. Exclusion criteria were as follows: being

Análisis predictivo de los eventos adversos relacionados con los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria de una IPS de Bogotá

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Salamanca, Lucia; Mora, Sandra

2015-01-01

En este estudio se realizó un análisis predictivo de la aparición de eventos adversos de los pacientes de una IPS de Bogotá, Mederi Hospital Universitario de Barrios Unidos (HUBU) durante el año 2013; relacionados con los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria (Porcentaje de ocupación hospitalaria, número de egresos hospitalarios, promedio de estancia hospitalaria, número de egresos de urgencias, promedio de estancia en urgencias). Los datos fueron exportados a una matriz de análisis de...

A amamentação na primeira hora de vida e mortalidade neonatal Breastfeeding during the first hour of life and neonatal mortality

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Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a correlação entre o percentual de amamentação na primeira hora de vida e as taxas de mortalidade neonatal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados secundários de 67 países obtidos das pesquisas realizadas com a metodologia do Demographic and Health Surveys. Inicialmente, para a análise dos dados, foram empregadas a Correlação de Spearman (IC 95% e a análise gráfica com modificação de Kernel, seguidas de regressão de Poisson Binomial Negativa, ajustando para possíveis fatores de confundimento. RESULTADOS: O percentual de aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida esteve negativamente associado com as taxas de mortalidade neonatal (Rho = -0,245, p = 0,046, e esta correlação foi mais forte entre os países com mortalidade neonatal superior a 29 mortes/1.000 nascidos vivos (Rho = -0,327, p = 0,048. Os países com os menores tercis de aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida tiveram uma taxa 24% maior de mortalidade neonatal (razão de taxa = 1,24, IC 95% = 1,07-1,44, mesmo ajustando para fatores de confundimento. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito protetor da amamentação na primeira hora de vida sobre a mortalidade neonatal encontrado nesse estudo ecológico é consistente com o de estudos observacionais, e aponta para a importância de se adotar a amamentação na primeira hora de vida como prática de atenção neonatal.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between breastfeeding in the first hour of life with neonatal mortality rates. METHODS: The present study used secondary data from 67 countries, obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Initially, for data analysis, Spearman Correlation (95% CI and Kernel graphical analysis were employed, followed by a Negative Binomial Poisson regression model, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Breastfeeding within the first hour of life was negatively correlated with neonatal mortality (Spearman's Rho = -0.245, p = 0.046, and this correlation was stronger among

Dacriocistitis aguda neonatal (1996-2005 Acute neonatal dacryocystitis

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Zoila del S López Díaz

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en diez años (1996-2005, de todos los neonatos cuyo motivo de ingreso en nuestra Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales fue ser portadores de dacriocistitis aguda. Se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: incidencia 0,04 c/ 100 ingresos. Predominio: edades entre 7-27días (sepsis tardía, sexo femenino 66,6 %, nacidos de embarazos a término y con buen peso al nacer 100 %. Etiología no precisada 83,3 %. Tratamiento utilizado: antibioticoterapia (penicilina + gentacina, 4 pacientes, 66,6 %, (unasyn, 1 paciente, 16,6 %, (amoxicilina + unasyn + gentamicina, 1 paciente, 16,6 %; uso de inmunoglobulina humana en 2 pacientes. Complicaciones: celulitis facial y periorbitaria 66,6 %; absceso periorbitario 33,3 %; fiebre (33,3 % y obstrucción nasal 16,6 %. Evolución satisfactoria con seguimiento por Oftalmología después del egreso hospitalario, en 100 % de los casosA retrospective longitudinal study of all neonates admitted to our Intensive Care Unit because they suffered from acute dacryocystitis was performed for 10 years (1996-2005. The results were as follows: incidence rate of 0,04 per 100 admissions; prevalence: 7-27d age groups (late sepsis, females with 66,6%; neonates born to term pregnancies and with good birthweight in 100%. Inaccurate etiology in 83,3 %. Treatment: antibiotic therapy (penicilline + gentamycin in 4 paients, 66,6%, (unasyn, one patient, 16,6 %, (amoxycillin + unasyn +gentamycin, 1 patient, 16.6 %. Use of human immunoglobulin in 2 patients. Complications: facial and periorbital cellulitis, 66,6%; periorbital abscess 33,3 %; fever (33,3 % and nasal obstruction (16,6 %. Satisfactory recovery with ophtalmological follow-up after discharge from hospital in 100 % of cases

Neonatal sepsis and neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants in Matanzas, Cuba 2006-2010: a prospective cohort study

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Gerardo Rogelio Robaina Castellanos

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN La sepsis neonatal se ha asociado a peor resultado del neurodesarrollo en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso. En Cuba se desconoce el impacto de la sepsis neonatal en el neurodesarrollo de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso, egresados de sus unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. OBJETIVO Determinar el impacto de la sepsis neonatal como factor de riesgo de alteraciones del neurodesarrollo en una población de recién nacidos cubanos de muy bajo peso. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio de cohorte con 89 neonatos con peso al nacer 15 mg/dl (odds ratio 4,0; IC 95%: 1,1-14,3; p=0,03. CONCLUSIONES La sepsis neonatal debe considerarse como una causa importante, dentro de los múltiples eventos causales, de daño cerebral en el recién nacido pretérmino.

Asistencia ventricular izquierda para terapia de destino: primera experiencia en septuagenarios

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Sebastian V. Rojas

2016-10-01

Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados iniciales demuestran que el implante mínimamente invasivo de DAVI puede ser realizado de manera eficaz, segura y con buenos resultados en pacientes septuagenarios terapia de destino. Los bajos niveles de eventos adversos durante el seguimiento por 2 años demuestran que la terapia de destino puede ser realizada incluso en pacientes septuagenarios.

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Fargas-Berríos, N; García-Fragoso, L; García-García, I; Valcárcel, M

2015-01-01

Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor feeding tolerance and vomiting associated with hyperglycemia (385 mg/dL), glycosuria, and metabolic acidosis within the first 12 hours of life. The neonate was treated with intravenous insulin, obtaining a slight control of hyperglycemia. An adequate glycemia was achieved at 5 weeks of life. The molecular studies showed complete loss of maternal methylation at the TND differentially methylated region on chromosome 6q24. The etiology of this neonate's hyperglycemia was a hypomethylation of the maternal TND locus. A rare cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus must be considered if a neonate presents refractory hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Puerto Rico of transient neonatal mellitus due to the uncommon mechanism of maternal hypomethylation of the TND locus. Its prevalence in Puerto Rico is unknown.

Gastrosquise: Diagnóstico Pré-natal x Prognóstico Neonatal Gastroschisis: Prenatal Diagnosis x Neonatal Outcome

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Melania Maria Ramos de Amorim

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: determinar a freqüência de diagnóstico pré-natal em recém-nascidos (RN com gastrosquise operados no Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP e analisar suas repercussões sobre o prognóstico neonatal. Métodos: realizou-se um corte transversal retrospectivo incluindo 31 casos de gastrosquise submetidos a correção cirúrgica em nosso serviço entre 1995-1999. Calculou-se o risco de prevalência (RP de morte neonatal e seu intervalo de confiança a 95% para a presença de diagnóstico pré-natal e outras variáveis cirúrgicas e perinatais, realizando-se análise de regressão logística múltipla para determinação do risco ajustado de morte neonatal. Resultados: apenas 10 (32,3% dos 31 casos de gastrosquise tinham diagnóstico pré-natal e nasceram no IMIP. Nenhum RN com diagnóstico pré-natal foi prematuro, em contraste com 43% daqueles sem diagnóstico pré-natal (p 4 horas, cirurgia em estágios, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e infecção. Conclusões: o diagnóstico pré-natal foi infreqüente entre RN com gastrosquise e a morte neonatal foi extremamente alta em sua ausência. É necessário aumentar a freqüência de diagnóstico pré-natal e melhorar os cuidados perinatais para reduzir esta elevada mortalidade.Purpose: to determine the frequency of prenatal diagnosis in newborns with gastroschisis operated at the Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP and to analyze its repercussions on neonatal prognosis. Patients and Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, including 31 cases of gastroschisis submitted to surgical correction in our service from 1995 to 1999. Prevalence risk (PR of neonatal death and its 95% confidence interval were calculated for the presence of prenatal diagnosis and other perinatal and surgical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the adjusted risk of neonatal death. Results: only 10 of 31 cases of gastroschisis (32.3% had

Transient neonatal diabetes or neonatal hyperglycaemia: A case ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Transient neonatal diabetes and neonatal hyperglycaemia both present in the neonatal period with features of hyperglycaemia, dehydration and weight loss. Differentiating these conditions clinically is difficult. We describe the case of a 13 day old female whom we managed recently who could have had either condition.

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico

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N. Fargas-Berríos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM. We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor feeding tolerance and vomiting associated with hyperglycemia (385 mg/dL, glycosuria, and metabolic acidosis within the first 12 hours of life. The neonate was treated with intravenous insulin, obtaining a slight control of hyperglycemia. An adequate glycemia was achieved at 5 weeks of life. The molecular studies showed complete loss of maternal methylation at the TND differentially methylated region on chromosome 6q24. The etiology of this neonate’s hyperglycemia was a hypomethylation of the maternal TND locus. A rare cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus must be considered if a neonate presents refractory hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Puerto Rico of transient neonatal mellitus due to the uncommon mechanism of maternal hypomethylation of the TND locus. Its prevalence in Puerto Rico is unknown.

Perforación gástrica neonatal

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Víctor Cabo Rodríguez

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: presentándose como una verdadera emergencia quirúrgica, la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye un reto para todos los galenos que laboran en este campo. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de recién nacidos con perforación gástrica, y revisar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre esta nosología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, con la totalidad de los recién nacidos ingresados en la sala de neonatología quirúrgica del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler", diagnosticados con perforación gástrica, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 2010. Resultados: se trataron 8 pacientes, de los cuales 3 se consideraron como idiopáticos. El neumoperitoneo estuvo presente en la totalidad de los pacientes. El fundus gástrico y la cara anterior del órgano constituyeron los sitios más frecuentemente afectados. Por su lado, la prematuridad no guardó una clara relación con la ocurrencia de la perforación. En la mayoría de los pacientes se realizó una reparación primaria de la perforación sin gastrostomía. La mortalidad general en el estudio fue de un 62 %, y fue la peritonitis la complicación más frecuente. Conclusiones: la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye una entidad altamente letal, en la cual las distintas alternativas de tratamiento quirúrgico no son, en definitiva, por sí solas, la solución para lograr una adecuada sobrevida.

Repercussões do ruído na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal Repercussion of noise in the neonatal intensive care unit

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Gabriela Menossi Grecco

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar as repercussões do ruído da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal sobre as mães, recém-nascidos e interações com o filho e profissionais de saúde, a partir da percepção materna. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. A amostra constitui-se de 95 mães. Um formulário foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Na percepção das mães o ruído da unidade traz repercussões sobre o neonato provocando agitação, choro, irritabilidade entre outros; desencadeia-lhe cefaléia, agitação e vontade de chorar, levando-a tocar menos e falar mais baixo com o filho. Referem dificuldade em manter sua atenção durante a interação com o profissional. CONCLUSÃO: As repercussões do ruído percebidas pela mãe tanto sobre si como para o seu filho, abrangem alterações comportamentais e físicas; associadas à dificuldade materna de manter a atenção ao interagir com o profissional de saúde.OBJECTIVE: To identify repercussion of noise in the neonatal intensive care unit on mothers, newborns and on interactions of neonates with healthcare professional from the mothers' perspective. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit. The study population was composed by 95 mothers. Data were collected using formularies. The statistical analysis was descriptive. RESULTS: Mothers' perception of noise in the unit caused repercussion on neonates such as agitation, cry, irritability among other. Mothers' also reported to have headache, agitation and tendency to cry, which led them to touch less and speak softly with their babies. CONCLUSION: Repercussions of noise perceived by mothers on themselves and on babies' behavior and physical changes were associated with difficulties of mothers to keep attention and to interact with healthcare professionals.

Evidencia científica sobre las prácticas para mejorar la seguridad del paciente

OpenAIRE

Barajas Nava, Leticia Andrea

2013-01-01

Antecedentes: La seguridad del paciente es el prevenir y mejorar los resultados adversos o lesiones derivados de procesos de atención sanitaria. La atención sanitaria no segura representa una fuente importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. Se estima que entre un 4 y un 17% de los pacientes hospitalizados sufrirá un evento adverso (EA), esos eventos comprenden errores, desvíos y accidentes. Un EA se entiende como el daño innecesario asociado a la atención sanitaria y no a la enf...

The neonatal brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flodmark, O.

1987-01-01

The clinical examination of the CNS in the neonate is often difficult in cases of complex pathology. Diagnostic imaging of the neonatal brain has become extremely useful and in the last decade has developed in two main directions: CT and US. MR imaging has been used recently with varying success in the diagnosis of pathology in the neonatal brain. Despite technical difficulties, this imaging method is likely to become increasingly important in the neonate. The paper examines the normal neonatal brain anatomy as seen with the different modalities, followed by pathologic conditions. Attention is directed to the common pathology, in asphyxiated newborns, the patholphysiology of intraventicular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in the preterm neonate, and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the term neonate. Pitfalls, artifacts, and problems in image interpretation are illustrated. Finally, the subsequent appearance of neonatal pathology later in infancy and childhood is discussed

Neonatal hypertension.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Deepak; Farahbakhsh, Nazanin; Shastri, Sweta; Sharma, Pradeep

2017-03-01

Neonatal hypertension (HT) is a frequently under reported condition and is seen uncommonly in the intensive care unit. Neonatal HT has defined arbitrarily as blood pressure more than 2 standard deviations above the base as per the age or defined as systolic BP more than 95% for infants of similar size, gestational age and postnatal age. It has been diagnosed long back but still is the least studied field in neonatology. There is still lack of universally accepted normotensive data for neonates as per gestational age, weight and post-natal age. Neonatal HT is an important morbidity that needs timely detection and appropriate management, as it can lead to devastating short-term effect on various organs and also poor long-term adverse outcomes. There is no consensus yet about the treatment guidelines and majority of treatment protocols are based on the expert opinion. Neonate with HT should be evaluated in detail starting from antenatal, perinatal, post-natal history, and drug intake by neonate and mother. This review article covers multiple aspects of neonatal hypertension like definition, normotensive data, various etiologies and methods of BP measurement, clinical features, diagnosis and management.

Prevención de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en Colombia mediante una intervención múltiple: resultados de un ensayo de grupos aleatorios

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Carlos A. Rojas

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La leishmaniasis cutánea americana es endémica en Colombia, donde cada año son notificados aproximadamente 6000 casos nuevos. En la actualidad las medidas de prevención y control están limitadas al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los casos. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención múltiple para prevenir la transmisión de Leishmania en el foco endémico de Tumaco, costa Pacífica de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo de grupos aleatorizados. Veinte veredas fueron pareadas según prevalencia deLeishmania, habitantes y participación comunitaria y luego asignadas aleatoriamente a intervención o control. La intervención incluyó toldillos impregnados con deltametrina, repelente (N, N-dietil-m-toluamida 20% y Permetrina 0,5%, modificación de lugares de reposo para los vectores y educación. Al cabo de un año se comparó la incidencia de infección y enfermedad producida porLeishmania en los dos grupos, se monitorearon la adherencia a la intervención y la aparición de efectos adversos. Los resultados finales fueron ajustados por el efecto de correlación intra-grupo. Resultados. Se presentaron 10 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en el grupo que recibió la intervención y 23 en el grupo control, OR=0,42, IC95% 0,14-1,26. La intervención tuvo un mayor efecto en los niños menores de 10 años, en aquellos que residían en la periferia de la vereda y en veredas con una prevalencia de infección en niños pequeños mayor del 1%. Se reportaron eventos adversos leves asociados con el uso de los toldillos impregnados y el repelente en 2% de los participantes. Conclusión. Los casos nuevos de Leishmaniasis cutánea americana se redujeron en un 58% en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Sin embargo, el número pequeño de casos hace que la estimación de la medida de efecto sea imprecisa y no nos permite afirmar que la intervención tiene un efecto protector. Poblaciones específicas podr

Etiologies of Prolonged Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Wards

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Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Jaundice is a common condition among neonates. Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs when jaundice persists beyond two weeks in term neonates and three weeks in preterm neonates. This study aimed to determine the etiologies of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants admitted to the neonatal ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on all infants diagnosed with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia during 2007-2012 in the neonatal ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Demographic characteristics of infants, physical examination and laboratory findings were collected and analyzed to determine the etiologies of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: In total, 100 infants diagnosed with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled in this study, including 49 male and 51 female neonates with mean age of 20±1 days and mean bilirubin level of 17.5±4.0 mg/dL. Main causes of hyperbilirubinemia were urinary tract infection, ABO incompatibility, hypothyroidism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in 14%, 5%, 6% and 5% of neonates, respectively. Moreover, unknown etiologies, such as breastfeeding, were detected in 70% of the studied infants. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, determining the main causes of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is of paramount importance. In the majority of cases, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is associated with physiological factors, such as breastfeeding.

COSTA RlCA: ELECCIONES EN EL CONTEXTO POLÍTICO MÁS ADVERSO ARROJAN LA MAYOR FRAGMENTACIÓN PARTIDARIA EN 60 AÑOS

OpenAIRE

ALFARO-REDONDO, RONALD; GÓMEZ-CAMPOS, STEFFAN

2014-01-01

La dinámica sociopolítica de Costa Rica en 2013 e inicios de 2014 se puede resumir en cuatro grandes áreas. En lo político, los costarricenses afrontaron las elecciones nacionales en el contexto político más adverso desde el restablecimiento de la democracia electoral en 1953. En este contexto predominan la pérdida de apoyo ciudadano al sistema político y un prolongado periodo de alta movilización popular. En el ámbito legislativo, los temas prioritarios discutidos por una Comisión Presidenci...

O método mãe-canguru sob o olhar problematizador de uma equipe neonatal El método madre-canguro bajo la mira problematizadora de un equipo neonatal The kangoroo-mother method under the problem-solving look of a neonatal team

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Roberta Costa

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do desenvolvimento de um processo educativo com uma equipe de saúde neonatal, sobre as potencialidades do Método Mãe-Canguru na assistência ao recém-nascido e família, a partir do referencial teórico-metodológico problematizador. Foram desenvolvidas doze oficinas, visando proporcionar ao grupo de profissionais a oportunidade de refletir sobre sua realidade, analisá-la de forma crítica, buscando compreendê-la e transformá-la. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade da criação de espaços para reflexões entre os profissionais da equipe neonatal sobre sua prática, possibilitando a transformação do modelo assistencial vigente e favorecendo o cuidado integral e individualizado aos recém-nascidos pré-termos e suas famílias.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo relatar la experiencia del desarrollo de un proceso educativo con un equipo de la salud neonatal, en las potencialidades del método madre-canguro en la en la asistencia al recién-nacido y familia, a partir del referencial teórico-metodológico problematizador. Fueron desarrollados doce encuentros, visando proporcionar al grupo de los profesionales, la oportunidad de socializar sus ideas y experiencias, que reflejen sobre su realidad, analizarla de forma crítica, recogiendo comprenderla y transformarla. Los resultados apuntaron la necesidad de la creación de espacios para reflexiones entre los profesionales del equipo sobre su práctica, de modo que los profesionales compartan sus ideas, opiniones, vivencias y sentimientos, provocando cambios en la manera de pensar y actuar del grupo, posibilitando la transformación del modelo asistencial vigente y favoreciendo de esta forma el cuidado integral e individualizado prestado al recién-nacido y familia.This article has as objective to tell the experience of the development of an educative process with a team of neonatal health, on the potentialities of the kangaroo-Mother Method

Resultados gestacionais e neonatais em mulheres com rastreamento positivo para diabetes mellitus e teste oral de tolerância à glicose - 100g normal Gestational and neonatal outcomes in women with positive screening for diabetes mellitus and 100g oral glucose challenge test normal

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Patricia Moretti Rehder

2011-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de resultados gestacionais e neonatais desfavoráveis em mulheres com rastreamento positivo e diagnóstico negativo para diabetes mellitus gestacional. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo realizado entre 2000 e 2009. Foram incluídas no estudo 409 gestantes com rastreamento positivo para diabetes mellitus. As variáveis estudadas foram: maternas (idade, índice de massa corpórea, antecedente de cesárea, macrossomia ou diabetes mellitus em gestação anterior, antecedente pessoal e familiar de diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial crônica e neonatais (poli-hidrâmnio, idade gestacional por ocasião do parto, prematuridade, cesárea, recém-nascido (RN grande para idade gestacional (GIG, macrossomia, índice de Apgar, síndrome do desconforto respiratório, hipoglicemia e hiperbilirrubinemia. Inicialmente foi realizada análise descrita uni e multivariada para a ocorrência de fatores de risco e desfechos neonatais. Foram descritas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: em 255 (62,3% das gestantes a via de parto foi cesárea. Quanto aos resultados perinatais, 14,2% dos RN foram classificados como prematuros e 19,3% dos RN como GIG. Os fatores de risco correlacionados com RN GIG foram sobrepeso ou obesidade, idade materna e antecedente de macrossomia em gestação anterior. CONCLUSÕES: na população com fatores de risco positivos ou glicemia de jejum alterada na primeira consulta do pré-natal, mesmo com curva glicêmica normal observa-se taxa de RN GIG elevada assim como índice de cesárea acima dos valores habitualmente presentes nas populações consideradas de baixo risco. As grávidas com tais características constituem um grupo diferenciado.PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of adverse gestational and neonatal outcomes in women with a positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of neonatal staff concerning neonatal pain management

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Sizakele L.T. Khoza

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Neonatal pain management has received increasing attention over the past four decades. Research into the effects of neonatal pain emphasises the professional, ethical and moral obligations of staff to manage pain for positive patient outcomes. However, evaluation studies continuously report evidence of inadequate neonate pain management and a gap between theory and practice. Objective: This study reviewed current practice in neonatal pain management to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and doctors regarding pain management for neonates in two academic hospitals. Method: A non-experimental, prospective quantitative survey, the modified Infant Pain Questionnaire, was used to collect data from 150 nurses and doctors working in the neonatal wards of two academic hospitals in central Gauteng. Results: The response rate was 35.33% (n = 53, most respondents being professional nurses (88.68%; n = 47 working in neonatal intensive care units (80.77%; n = 42; 24 (45.28% had less than 5 years’ and 29 respondents 6 or more years’ working experience in neonatal care. A review of pain management in the study setting indicated a preference for pharmacological interventions to relieve moderate to severe pain. An association (p < 0.05 was found between pain ratings on 5 procedures and frequency of administration of pharmacological pain management. Two-thirds of respondents (64% reported that there were no pain management guidelines in the neonatal wards in which they worked. Conclusion: The interventions to manage moderate neonatal pain are in line with international guidelines. However, neonatal pain management may not occur systematically based on prior assessment of neonatal pain, choice of most appropriate intervention and evaluation. This study recommends implementation of a guideline to standardise practice and ensure consistent and adequate pain management in neonates.

Neonatal retinoblastoma

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Tero T Kivelä

2017-01-01

Full Text Available From 7% to 10% of all retinoblastomas and from 44% to 71% of familial retinoblastomas in developed countries are diagnosed in the neonatal period, usually through pre- or post-natal screening prompted by a positive family history and sometimes serendipitously during screening for retinopathy of prematurity or other reasons. In developing countries, neonatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma has been less common. Neonatal retinoblastoma generally develops from a germline mutation of RB1, the retinoblastoma gene, even when the family history is negative and is thus usually hereditary. At least one-half of infants with neonatal retinoblastoma have unilateral tumors when the diagnosis is made, typically the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (Murphree Group B or higher, but most germline mutation carriers will progress to bilateral involvement, typically Group A in the fellow eye. Neonatal leukokoria usually leads to the diagnosis in children without a family history of retinoblastoma, and a Group C tumor or higher is typical in the more advanced involved eye. Almost all infants with neonatal retinoblastoma have at least one eye with a tumor in proximity to the foveola, but the macula of the fellow eye is frequently spared. Consequently, loss of reading vision from both eyes is exceptional. A primary ectopic intracranial neuroblastic tumor known as trilateral retinoblastoma is no more common after neonatal than other retinoblastoma. For many reasons, neonatal retinoblastoma may be a challenge to eradicate, and the early age at diagnosis and relatively small tumors do not guarantee the preservation of both eyes of every involved child. Oncology nurses can be instrumental in contributing to better outcomes by ensuring that hereditary retinoblastoma survivors receive genetic counseling, by referring families of survivors to early screening programs when they are planning for a baby, and by providing psychological and practical support

HOSPITAL INFECTIONS IN THE SETTING OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE: A CONTRIBUTION TO NURSING

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Bárbara Bertolossi Marta de Araújo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: refletir sobre a infecção hospitalar nas utins a partir da análise da produção científica da enfermagem nacional e internacional acerca desta temática. Método: abordagem qualitativa a partir da revisão bibliográfica em base de dados. Resultados: Os dados analisados foram publicações dos últimos dez anos, em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs, Bdenf e Scielo. Após a busca com os descritores: “infecção hospitalar”; “neonatal”. em inglês: “infection”, “hospitalar” e “neonatologic foram encontradas 134 publicações das quais 28 se enquadravam no objetivo da pesquisa. Para análise das produções foi adotada a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática, originando 3 categorias: a Fatores de risco para disseminação da infecção hospitalar; b Infecções comuns no cenário neonatal; c Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção da infecção hospitalar neonatal. Conclusão: Trata-se de uma temática fundamental na Assistência de enfermagem ao neonato nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, contudo pouco explorada por enfermeiros. Descritores: Infecção hospitalar; Neonatal; Cuidado de enfermagem.

La muerte fetal y la muerte neonatal tienen origen multifactorial

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Lilia Huiza

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar los factores etiopatogénicos asociados a la muerte fetal y neonatal de una población de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Lugar: Hospital San Bartolomé en Lima, entre 1 de enero de 1996 y 31 de diciembre de 2000. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de muerte fetal mayor de 20 semanas de gestación y muerte neonatal antes de los 28 días de nacimiento sometidos a estudio de autopsia y anatomía patológica. Resultados: La prevalencia de muerte fetal fue 1,68% (508/30125 y de muerte neonatal 1,44% (434/30125. Todas las muertes fetales y 58,8% (255/434 de las muertes neonatales tuvieron autopsia. De 508 muertes fetales, 92 (18% presentaron signos de autólisis, que no permitieron una apropiada identificación de los procesos etiopatogénicos involucrados. Las muertes fetales estuvieron asociadas a prematuridad (60,5%, defecto nutricional/vascular (78,1%, privación social (60,8%, anomalías congénitas anatómicas (14,6% y respuesta inflamatoria (12,9%. La muerte neonatal estuvo asociada a la prematuridad (71,7%, privación social (61,1%, defecto nutricional/vascular (59,6%, anomalía congénita anatómica (28,6%, respuesta inflamatoria (20,0%. Conclusiones: La muerte fetal es consecuencia de factores patogénicos que interactúan tempranamente con la unidad madre-embrión/feto. La mayoría de los tejidos muertos de los fetos/neonatos muestra manifestaciones de varios factores etiopatogénicos en forma simultánea.

Acompanhamento da icterícia neonatal em recém-nascidos de termo e prematuros tardios Follow-up of neonatal jaundice in term and late premature newborns

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Fernando Perazzini Facchini

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados de um projeto de acompanhamento de recém-nascidos de termo e próximos ao termo ictéricos no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Foram encaminhados a ambulatório especializado neonatos com peso > 2.000 g e/ou idade gestacional > 35 semanas, cuja icterícia na alta foi avaliada inicialmente com o icterômetro de Ingram, Bilicheck® e, se indicado, com bilirrubinômetro Unistat (Leica. A bilirrubinemia destes recém-nascidos situava-se no ou acima do percentil 40 do nomograma elaborado por Bhutani. Todos recém-nascidos tratados com fototerapia durante internação foram reavaliados laboratorialmente 24 horas após suspensão do tratamento. A indicação de reinternação para tratamento fototerápico intensivo foi para paciente com nível > 20 mg/dL. RESULTADOS: De um total de 11.259 neonatos, 2.452 (21,8% foram encaminhados para acompanhamento, dos quais 87,2% (2.140 retornaram. Oitenta neonatos retornados foram reinternados. Dos 2.452 encaminhados para retorno, 180 (7,3% tinham bilirrubinemia > 15 mg/dL na alta. Destes, 151 retornaram para acompanhamento. Vinte (13,2% foram reinternados para tratamento. Do total de reinternados, dois recém-nascidos apresentaram nível > 25 mg/dL e nenhum > 30 mg/dL. Todos responderam rapidamente à fototerapia intensiva, e não houve necessidade de utilizar exsangüinotransfusões. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que o esquema adotado é eficiente na detecção e prevenção de hiperbilirrubinemias de risco para produzir encefalopatia bilirrubínica em recém-nascidos de termo e próximos ao termo.OBJECTIVE: To report on the results of a project following term and near term newborn infants who were jaundiced during the neonatal period. METHODS: Neonates were referred to the follow-up clinic with weight > 2,000 g and/or gestational age > 35 weeks, and jaundice at discharge was initially assessed with an Ingram icterometer or Bilicheck and, if indicated, with a Unistat

Hipertiroidismo neonatal: presentación de 2 pacientes Neonatal hyperthyroidism: Report of 2 cases

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Pedro González Fernández

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Se presentaron 2 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertiroidismo neonatal: uno del sexo masculino y otro del femenino; con antecedentes de ser hijos de madres con enfermedad de Graves; una de ellas se encontraba sin tratamiento, y con síntomas de hipertiroidismo y la otra con tratamiento y tenía controlada esa afección. Se realizó el diagnóstico por los antecedentes de ser hijos de madres con enfermedad de Graves Basedow; así como por las manifestaciones clínicas: bocio, exoftalmos, pérdida de peso, irritabilidad, taquicardia e insuficiencia cardíaca en uno de los pacientes. Según los exámenes de laboratorio realizados, se obtuvieron los resultados siguientes: T4 ³ 180 nmol/L y TSH 2 patients with diagnosis of neonatal hyperthyroidism, a male and a female, are presented. Their mothers suffer from Graves’ disease, one of them has no treatment and presents symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and the other is under treatment and her disease is under control. The diagnosis was made taking into account that they are children from mothers with Graves Basedow’ disease and the following clinical manifestations: goiter, exophthalmos, weight loss, irritability, tachycardia and cardiac insufficiency in one of the patients. The results of the laboratory tests for both patients were: T4 ³ l80 nmol/L and TSH < 1 U/L. Treatment with propylthiouracilo, propanolol and phenobarbital as well as general measures and digitalis therapy in the patient requiring it were indicated. A favorable evolution was observed in these 2 patients.

Advancing Neurologic Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a Neonatal Neurologist

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Mulkey, Sarah B.; Swearingen, Christopher J.

2014-01-01

Neonatal neurology is a growing sub-specialty area. Given the considerable amount of neurologic problems present in the neonatal intensive care unit, a neurologist with expertise in neonates is becoming more important. We sought to evaluate the change in neurologic care in the neonatal intensive care unit at our tertiary care hospital by having a dedicated neonatal neurologist. The period post-neonatal neurologist showed a greater number of neurology consultations (Pneurology encounters per patient (Pneurology became part of the multi-disciplinary team providing focused neurologic care to newborns. PMID:23271754

Anomalias e prognóstico fetal associados à translucência nucal aumentada e cariótipo anormal Fetal abnormalities and prognosis associated with increased nuchal translucency and abnormal karyotype

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Fátima Aparecida Targino Saldanha

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de anomalias cromossômicas em fetos com translucência nucal (TN aumentada, e a frequência de malformações estruturais, a evolução e o resultado da gestação nos fetos com TN aumentada e cariótipo anormal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 246 casos com medida da TN acima do percentil 95º para a idade gestacional, com cariótipo fetal conhecido ou avaliação clínica das crianças no período pós-natal. Os casos foram acompanhados no setor de Medicina Fetal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: O resultado do cariótipo fetal esteve alterado em 14,2% dos casos. O acompanhamento dessas gestações revelou anormalidade estruturais em 80,8% dos fetos, sendo as anormalidades cardíacas as mais comuns (61,5%. Resultados gestacionais adversos, como abortamento, óbitos intraútero e neonatal ocorreram em 76,5% dos fetos. CONCLUSÃO: Translucência nucal aumentada, entre 11 - 13 semanas e 6 dias, é importante marcador de anomalias cromossômicas fetais e malformações estruturais fetais, principalmente cardíacas. Diante deste achado, há aumento do risco de abortamento, óbito intrauterino e neonatal para estas gestações.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT measurement. Incidence of structural abnormalities and pregnancy outcome was also described in fetuses with increased NT and abnormal karyotype. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 246 fetuses with increased NT and known karyotype followed at the Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. RESULTS: Fetal karyotype was abnormal in 14.2% of the cases. Ultrasound anomaly scan and specialized echocardiographic studies in these cases showed fetal structural abnormalities in 80.8% and cardiac defects were found in 61.5% of the fetuses. Pregnancy

O envolvimento do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em Unidade Neonatal El involucramiento del enfermero en el proceso de morir de niños hospitalizados en una unidad de neonatología Nurses experiences with death in the neonatal intensive care unit

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Isabella Rocha Aguiar

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: compreender a participação do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa em que participaram 10 enfermeiras de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatológica de um hospital-escola da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2003. RESULTADOS: os resultados foram analisados conforme as categorias: Sentimentos que emergem na convivência com a morte; Convivendo com a família no processo de morrer; A influência da formação acadêmica para a convivência com o paciente terminal. Os sentimentos citados foram de perda, tristeza, angústia, impotência, frieza. Os profissionais se vêem envolvidos com a família que vivencia o luto. A maioria das enfermeiras não teve embasamento acerca de Tanatologia no Curso de Graduação. CONCLUSÃO: os profissionais que lidam com a morte em sua prática convivem com a busca do equilíbrio entre o cuidar do outro e de si mesmo.OBJETIVO: comprender la participación del enfermero en el proceso de morir de bebés internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa en que participaron en el estudio 10 enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal de un hospital-docente de la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE, durante los meses de mayo a junio del 2003. RESULTADOS: los datos fueron analizados resultando las siguientes categorías: Sentimientos que emergen en la convivencia con la muerte; Conviviendo con la familia en el proceso de morir; La influencia de la formación académica para la convivencia con el paciente terminal. Los sentimientos citados fueron de pérdida, tristeza, angustia, impotencia, frialdad. Los profesionales se ven involucrados con la familia que vivencia el duelo. La mayoría de las enfermeras no tuvo base respecto a Tanatología en el Pregrado. CONCLUSIÓN: los profesionales que se enfrentan con la muerte, en su práctica, conviven con la b

Neonatal hypocalcemia, neonatal seizures, and intellectual disability in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

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Cheung, Evelyn Ning Man; George, Susan R.; Andrade, Danielle M.; Chow, Eva W. C.; Silversides, Candice K.; Bassett, Anne S.

2015-01-01

Purpose Hypocalcemia is a common endocrinological condition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Neonatal hypocalcemia may affect neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that neonatal hypocalcemia would be associated with rare, more severe forms of intellectual disability in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Methods We used a logistic regression model to investigate potential predictors of intellectual disability severity, including neonatal hypocalcemia, neonatal seizures, and complex congenital heart disease, e.g., interrupted aortic arch, in 149 adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Ten subjects had moderate-to-severe intellectual disability. Results The model was highly significant (P < 0.0001), showing neonatal seizures (P = 0.0018) and neonatal hypocalcemia (P = 0.047) to be significant predictors of a more severe level of intellectual disability. Neonatal seizures were significantly associated with neonatal hypocalcemia in the entire sample (P < 0.0001), regardless of intellectual level. There was no evidence for the association of moderate- to-severe intellectual disability with other factors such as major structural brain malformations in this sample. Conclusion The results suggest that neonatal seizures may increase the risk for more severe intellectual deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, likely mediated by neonatal hypocalcemia. Neonatal hypocalcemia often remains unrecognized until the postseizure period, when damage to neurons may already have occurred. These findings support the importance of early recognition and treatment of neonatal hypocalcemia and potentially neonatal screening for 22q11.2 deletions. PMID:23765047

Valor preditivo do resultado fetal da dopplervelocimetria de ducto venoso entre a 11ª e a 14ª semanas de gestação Predictive value for fetal outcome of Doppler velocimetry of the ductus venosus between the 11th and the 14th gestation week

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Carlos Alberto Gollo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: estudar o valor da dopplervelocimetria do ducto venoso (DV entre a 11º e a 14º semanas de gestação, associado à medida da translucência nucal (TN, na detecção de resultado fetal adverso. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 1.268 fetos consecutivamente. Em 56 casos, realizou-se estudo citogenético no material obtido, por meio de biópsia de vilosidade coriônica e, em 1.181 casos, o resultado teve como base o fenótipo do recém-nascido. Todos os fetos foram submetidos, além da ultra-sonografia de rotina, à medida da TN e à dopplervelocimetria do DV. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e prospectivo. Foram calculados e analisados, para fins de prevalência e índices de acurácia: sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP, valor preditivo negativo (VPN, probabilidade de falso-positivo (PFP, probabilidade de falso-negativo (PFN, razão de probabilidade positiva e razão de probabilidade negativa. RESULTADOS: do total de 1.268 fetos, foram selecionados para análise 1.183 casos. Deste total, 1.170 fetos eram normais (98,9% e 13 fetos tiveram resultado fetal adverso ao nascimento (1,1% - incluindo morte fetal (trissomia 21 e 22 em dois casos, síndrome genética (Nooman em um caso, fetos polimalformados em dois casos, cardiopatia em três casos e outros defeitos estruturais em cinco casos. A prevalência do DV alterado (onda A zero/reversa na população estudada foi de 14 casos (1,2%, com taxa de falso-positivo de 0,7%. CONCLUSÕES: há correlação significativa entre alteração da dopplervelocimetria do DV e a medida da TN, como marcadores ultra-sonográficos de primeiro trimestre, na detecção de resultado fetal adverso, especialmente para malformações graves. O Doppler do DV foi capaz de diminuir o resultado falso-positivo, comparativamente ao uso isolado da TN, melhorando consideravelmente o VPP do teste.PURPOSE: to study the value of Doppler velocimetry of the ductus venosus, between the 11th and 14th weeks of

Eventos quirúrgicos adversos en tres instituciones públicas de salud mexicanas Surgical adverse events in three Mexican public health institutions

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Dayana Pineda-Pérez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Cuantificar la prevalencia de eventos adversos (EA en pacientes quirúrgicos adultos atendidos en instituciones públicas de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se evaluaron 6 119 expedientes clínicos de pacientes quirúrgicos seleccionados aleatoriamente. La prevalencia de EA se estimó mediante la aplicación de dos instrumentos secuenciales por parte de médicos capacitados. Se efectuó análisis multivariado por regresión logística para identificar variables asociadas. RESULTADOS. La prevalencia de EA fue de 4.1%. No existieron diferencias significativas por institución ni sexo. Los pacientes mayores de 64 años y los atendidos en hospitales grandes presentaron mayor riesgo de tener un EA. Los pacientes con EA permanecieron hospitalizados en promedio nueve días más que aquellos sin EA. 62% de los EA fueron considerados prevenibles. CONCLUSIÓN. La prevalencia encontrada significa que, durante el 2008, se presentaron por lo menos 128 400 EA quirúrgicos en México. Es necesario seguir investigando la naturaleza de estos últimos para mejorar la seguridad de los pacientes.OBJECTIVE. To measure the prevalence of adverse events (AE in surgical adult patients from the main public health institutions in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A two stage retrospective medical record review was carried out. A total of 6 119 medical records were randomly selected. The medical records were evaluated by a doctor. Logistic regression was used to identify likely associated variables. RESULTS. The AE prevalence was 4.1%. There were no significant differences by sex or institution. The patients 65 years or older who are served in big hospitals have more risk of suffering an AE. Patients with an AE remained in the hospital an average of nine more days than those without one. CONCLUSION. According to our results, in 2008 there were at least 128 400 AE in Mexico. It is necessary to develop further studies to investigate the main factors associated to

Failure to thrive among neonates, associated factors and early neonatal outcome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, Erica; Manji, Karim; Mpembeni Rose

2005-01-01

Failure to thrive or growth failure is an important feature of problems prevalent in the neonate. It remains one of the greatest challenges for the practicing pediatrician and it is a common pathway or outcome of several different underlaying infant and maternal conditions. To determine the prevalence, possible causes and early neonatal outcome of failure to thrive among young infants admitted to the Neonatal Unit in this hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study, was carried for 10 months from April 2001 to January 2002 at the Neonatal Unit at Muhimbili National Hospital. (author)

Pharmacological analgesia in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery Uso de fármacos analgésicos en postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca neonatal Uso de fármacos analgésicos em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca neonatal

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Mariana Bueno

2008-08-01

Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to verify the frequency of pharmacological analgesia and the occurrence of postoperative pain in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected from 30 medical charts of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. RESULTS: The majority (96.6% of neonates received analgesia: 18 (60.0% received continuous analgesics, five (16.7% received intermittent drugs, and six (20.0% received a combination of continuous and intermittent analgesics. Fentanyl citrate was continuously administered to 24 (80.0% neonates. Intermittent dipyrone and morphine was administered to ten (33.3% and one (3.3% neonates, respectively. Pain registers were observed in 17 (56.7% medical charts and the occurrence of pain among neonates who received analgesics was 53.4%. CONCLUSION: There was no efficacy in pharmacological postoperative pain control in the neonates included in this study.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron verificar la frecuencia de cobertura analgésica farmacológica y la aparición de dolor postoperatorio en neonatos sometidos a la cirugía cardiaca. MÉTODO: Se Trata de un estudio transversal con recolección de datos de Historias Clínicas de 30 neonatos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en un hospital privado de la ciudad de San Pablo. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de cobertura analgésica fue de 96,6%, 18(60,0% recibieron analgesia continua, cinco (16,7% intermitente y seis (20,0% intermitente y continua. El citrato de fentanil fue administrado continuamente a 24 (80,0% neonatos. Dipirona y morfina fueron administradas en dosis intermitentes a diez (33,3% y a un (3,3% neonatos, respectivamente. Fueron identificados registros de ocurrencia de dolor en 17 (56,7% Historias Clínicas. La ocurrencia de dolor postoperatorio en recién nacidos con cobertura analgésica fue 53,4 %. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos apuntan que el abordaje analg

Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality Among Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

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Fatemeh Nayeri

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to determine risk factors causing increase in very low birth way (VLBW neonatal mortality. The medical files of all neonates weighing ≤1500 g, born in Vali-e-Asr hospital (2001-2004 were studied. Two groups of neonates (living and dead were compared up to the time of hospital discharge or death. A total of 317 neonates were enrolled. A meaningful relationship existed between occurrence of death and low gestational age (P=0.02, low birth weight, lower than 1000 g (P=0.001, Apgar score <6 at 5th minutes (P=0.001, resuscitation at birth (P=0.001, respiratory distress syndrome (P=0.001 need for mechanical ventilation (P=0.001, neurological complications (P=0.001 and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.001. Regression analysis indicated that each 250 g weight increase up to 1250 g had protective effect, and reduced mortality rate. The causes of death of those neonates weighting over 1250 g should be sought in factors other than weight. Survival rate was calculated to be 80.4% for neonates weighing more than 1000 g. The most important high risk factors affecting mortality of neonates are: low birth weight, need for resuscitation at birth, need for ventilator use and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Efectos adversos de fármacos antirretrovirales en cohorte de niños hijos de gestante VIH positiva: transmisión vertical, efectos adversos de fármacos antirretrovirales, malformaciones congénitas y desarrollo ponderoestatural en una cohorte de niños expuestos y no infectados hijos de gestante VIH positiva

OpenAIRE

Fernández Ibieta, María

2011-01-01

En el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral se analizan la transmisión vertical (TV) y los efectos adversos de los fármacos antirretrovirales, tanto hematológicos como bioquímicos, así como las malformaciones congénitas y el desarrollo ponderoestatural de los niños de la cohorte perinatal de Madrid, relacionada y subvencionada por la fundación FIPSE (Fundación para la investigación y la Prevención del SIDA en España. Esta cohorte se inició en el año 2000 con el objetivo de seguir prospectivamente...

Evolución de la mortalidad infantil, neonatal y postneonatal en Andalucía, 1975-1998

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Miguel Ruiz Ramos

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La mortalidad infantil, y sus componentes neonatal y postneonatal, son importantes indicadores de salud, lo cual justifica su análisis periódico incluso en países desarrollados donde sus tasas han descendido considerablemente. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las modificaciones registradas en dichas tasas en Andalucía en el último cuarto de siglo. Métodos: Se han calculado las tasas anuales de mortalidad infantil, neonatal precoz y tardía, así como post-neonatal en 1975- 1998. Mediante regresión de Poisson se han estimado los porcentajes anuales de cambio de las tasas en los dos intervalos de 1975-1986 y 1987-1998 así como en el periodo completo 1975-1998. Se ha analizado también la mortalidad proporcional por causas infecciosas, respiratorias, congénitas, afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal y el resto de causas, así como la razón de tasas de mortalidad por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal y para el total de causas, en el quinquenio 1994-98 respecto al quinquenio 1975-79, en los periodos infantil, neonatal (precoz y tardío y postneonatal. Resultados: Los mayores descensos porcentuales se han producido en la mortalidad neonatal precoz (6,38% y tardía (4,6%. La razón de tasas de mortalidad por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal entre 1994-98 y 1975-79 es 10 para la mortalidad postneonatal mientras que es inferior a 1 para la mortalidad neonatal tardía (0,63, precoz (0,33 e infantil (0,30. Conclusiones: La mortalidad en los periodos infantil, neonatal precoz, tardío y post-neonatal ha descendido acusadamente entre 1975 y 1998. El riesgo de fallecer por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal de los niños con más de 4 semanas y menos de 1 año de vida (periodo postneonatal se ha multiplicado por diez entre 1975-79 y 1994-98.

Comparación de dos métodos diagnósticos de ictericia neonatal Comparison of two diagnostic methods of neonatal jaundice

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Ana Campo González

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la ictericia neonatal es uno de los síndromes más frecuentes de la neonatología. El tratamiento al recién nacido ictérico ha tenido históricamente diferentes guías para sus decisiones. Objetivo: establecer una comparación entre los métodos diagnósticos de la escala visual y la dosificación en sangre de la bilirrubina total en los recién nacidos. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal, en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente de Guanabacoa de enero a julio de 2008. La muestra estuvo constituida por 86 recién nacidos. Resultados: el mayor número de recién nacidos fueron a término y normopesos. Existió predominio de la zona IV de la escala visual de Kramer. El mayor número de casos tuvo valores de bilirrubina sérica entre 10-12 mg/dL. Conclusiones: existió relación entre ambos métodos de evaluación de la ictericia neonatal.Introduction: the neonatal jaundice is one of the more frequent syndromes of the neonatology. Treatment to icteric newborn has had historically different guidelines for its decisions. Objective: to establish a comparison among the diagnostic methods of the visual scale and the dosing in blood of the total bilirubin in newborns. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational research was conducted in the Gynecology Obstetrics Teaching Hospital of Guanabacoa municipality from January to July, 2008. Sample included 86 newborns. Results: the great number of newborns was the term ones and those with a normal weight. There was predominance of the IV zone of the Kramer's visual scale. The great figure of cases had values of serum bilirubin between 10-12 mg/dL. Conclusions: there was a relation between both methods of assessment of the neonatal jaundice.

Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates born to opioid maintained women.

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Ebner, Nina; Rohrmeister, Klaudia; Winklbaur, Bernadette; Baewert, Andjela; Jagsch, Reinhold; Peternell, Alexandra; Thau, Kenneth; Fischer, Gabriele

2007-03-16

Neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers are at risk of developing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which often requires pharmacological treatment. This study examined the effect of opioid maintenance treatment on the incidence and timing of NAS, and compared two different NAS treatments (phenobarbital versus morphine hydrochloride). Fifty-three neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers were included in this study. The mothers received methadone (n=22), slow-release oral morphine (n=17) or buprenorphine (n=14) throughout pregnancy. Irrespective of maintenance treatment, all neonates showed APGAR scores comparable to infants of non-opioid dependent mothers. No difference was found between the three maintenance groups regarding neonatal weight, length or head circumference. Sixty percent (n=32) of neonates required treatment for NAS [68% in the methadone-maintained group (n=15), 82% in the morphine-maintained group (n=14), and 21% in the buprenorphine-maintained group (n=3)]. The mean duration from birth to requirement of NAS treatment was 33 h for the morphine-maintained group, 34 h for the buprenorphine-maintained group and 58 h for the methadone-maintained group. In neonates requiring NAS treatment, those receiving morphine required a significantly shorter mean duration of treatment (9.9 days) versus those treated with phenobarbital (17.7 days). Results suggest that morphine hydrochloride is preferable for neonates suffering NAS due to opioid withdrawal.

Índice de retorno ao reteste em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal

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Jaqueline Medeiros de Mello

2013-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: investigar o nível de consciência dos pais em relação à importância da triagem auditiva neonatal, bem como verificar os motivos do não comparecimento ao retorno agendado após a primeira avaliação. MÉTODO: a casuística foi constituída por 31 mães e/ou responsáveis dos recém-nascidos da unidade neonatal do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, os quais não compareceram ao reteste agendado após a alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: os motivos apresentados pelas mães e/ou responsáveis para o não comparecimento ao retorno agendado envolveram atitudes que puderam sinalizar pouca importância atribuída às questões relacionadas à audição e a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, pois sugiram motivos irrelevantes como o esquecimento do retorno, mãe pensou que o bebê não deixaria ser submetido ao exame e a perda de horário para nova avaliação. Tal fato, provavelmente reflete a falta de conscientização por parte das mães dos recém-nascidos quanto à importância da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. CONCLUSÃO: existe a necessidade de aumentar a conscientização geral em relação à Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, por parte dos familiares e dos profissionais que atuam diretamente com os recém-nascidos, os quais contribuirão para a agilidade do processo diagnóstico, garantindo melhores perspectiva ao futuro de crianças portadoras de deficiência auditiva.

Calidad del transporte neonatal en el Valle del Cauca: un reto para salud

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Luis Alexander Lovera Montilla

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El transporte neonatal es un procedimiento que involucra la exposición al riesgo dependiendo de la complejidad de la patología y de la calidad con que se efectúe. Este estudio pretende evaluar la seguridad en el transporte a recién nacidos que ingresan a una unidad neonatal como un atributo de calidad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal que utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia. La representatividad se determinó de manera subjetiva evaluando el proceso de transporte, recursos humanos, recursos técnicos e insumos. La información se obtuvo de dos fuentes: a Encuesta aplicada a los pediatras asistenciales de la unidad neonatal para conocer su percepción sobre la seguridad del transporte; b Instrumento aplicado al personal profesional y técnico que acompañó 118 transportes. Resultados: De los 118 transportes, el 46% fue realizado por paramédicos; el 76%, en Unidades de Transporte Asistencial Básico (TAB, sólo el 33% del personal responsable de la atención del recién nacido tiene entrenamiento neonatal; el 82% de estos transportes no llevó registro de signos vitales, ni de otras variables fisiológicas requeridas para valorar el estado clínico del neonato durante el traslado; el 76% no verificó la lista de chequeo de insumos y de materiales previo a cada remisión desconociendo su importancia. Por consiguiente, se incrementó el riesgo en la atención, impactando negativamente la calidad del procedimiento. Discusión y Conclusiones: Las instituciones de salud que ofrecen transporte neonatal deben garantizar que todos los neonatos que requieran el servicio lo obtengan en condiciones de calidad y equidad, que minimicen los factores de riesgo y posibiliten la supervivencia en las instituciones receptoras.

Determinantes contextuais da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Sul por dois modelos de análise Determinantes contextuales de la mortalidad neonatal por dos modelos de análisis Contextual determinants of neonatal mortality using two analysis methods, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini

2011-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os determinantes da mortalidade neonatal, segundo modelo de regressão logística multinível e modelo hierárquico clássico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte com 138.407 nascidos vivos com declaração de nascimento e 1.134 óbitos neonatais registrados em 2003 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram vinculados os registros do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e Mortalidade para o levantamento das informações sobre exposição no nível individual. As variáveis independentes incluíram características da criança ao nascer, da gestação, da assistência à saúde e fatores sociodemográficos. Fatores associados foram estimados e comparados por meio da análise de regressão logística clássica e multinível. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi 8,19 por mil nascidos vivos. As variáveis que se mostraram associadas ao óbito neonatal no modelo hierárquico foram: baixo peso ao nascer, Apgar no 1º e 5º minutos inferiores a oito, presença de anomalia congênita, prematuridade e perda fetal anterior. Cesariana apresentou efeito protetor. No modelo multinível, a perda fetal anterior não se manteve significativa, mas a inclusão da variável contextual (taxa de pobreza indicou que 15% da variação da mortalidade neonatal podem ser explicados pela variabilidade nas taxas de pobreza em cada microrregião. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de modelos multiníveis foi capaz de mostrar pequeno efeito dos determinantes contextuais na mortalidade neonatal. Foi observada associação positiva com a taxa de pobreza, no modelo geral, e com o percentual de domicílios com abastecimento de água entre os nascidos pré-termos.OBJETIVO: Analizar los determinantes de la mortalidad neonatal, según modelo de regresión logística multinivel y modelo jerárquico clásico. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte con 138.407 nacidos vivos con declaración de nacimiento y 1.134 óbitos neonatales registrados en 2003 en Rio Grande do Sul, Sur

Neonatal pain

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, Suellen M

2014-01-01

Effective management of procedural and postoperative pain in neonates is required to minimize acute physiological and behavioral distress and may also improve acute and long-term outcomes. Painful stimuli activate nociceptive pathways, from the periphery to the cortex, in neonates and behavioral responses form the basis for validated pain assessment tools. However, there is an increasing awareness of the need to not only reduce acute behavioral responses to pain in neonates, but also to protect the developing nervous system from persistent sensitization of pain pathways and potential damaging effects of altered neural activity on central nervous system development. Analgesic requirements are influenced by age-related changes in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response, and increasing data are available to guide safe and effective dosing with opioids and paracetamol. Regional analgesic techniques provide effective perioperative analgesia, but higher complication rates in neonates emphasize the importance of monitoring and choice of the most appropriate drug and dose. There have been significant improvements in the understanding and management of neonatal pain, but additional research evidence will further reduce the need to extrapolate data from older age groups. Translation into improved clinical care will continue to depend on an integrated approach to implementation that encompasses assessment and titration against individual response, education and training, and audit and feedback. PMID:24330444

Uso de hipnóticos durante la titulación con presión positiva en la vía aérea superior

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Franklin Escobar-Córdoba

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Establecer algunas recomendaciones sobre el uso de hipnóticos en el procedimiento de titulación con presión positiva de aire. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO Citation Index. Resultados: Diferentes estudios han evaluado el efecto de la premedicación con agentes hipnóticos y/o sedantes no benzodiacepínicos sobre los parámetros de sueño que afectan la calidad del procedimiento de titulación con CPAP , y han demostrado que son efectivos para promover la conciliación, reducir la latencia del sueño, incrementar el tiempo total del mismo y mejorar su eficiencia con mínimos efectos adversos al día siguiente; por lo anterior son usados habitualmente, con excelentes resultados, pocos efectos adversos y respetando la legislación vigente. Conclusión: Se presentan algunas recomendaciones de seguridad para la inducción del sueño en el paciente sometido a titulación con presión positiva de aire que apoyen al per - sonal de salud de los laboratorios de sueño antes, durante y después del uso de hipnóticos, brindan seguridad al paciente y evitan desenlaces adversos prevenibles.

Caracterização das quedas de pacientes segundo notificação em boletins de eventos adversos Caracterización de las caídas de pacientes de acuerdo a las notificaciones en boletines de eventos adversos Characterization of patient falls according to the notification in adverse event reports

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Miriam Cristina Marques da Silva de Paiva

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar as quedas de pacientes internados ocorridas em hospital terciário. Foram analisados 826 Boletins de Notificação de Eventos Adversos, de um período de 30 meses, que registraram 0,30 quedas por 1000 pacientes/dia. Quedas do leito foram mais frequentes (55%, com maior prevalência na enfermaria de neurologia. Maior frequência de quedas foi verificada no período noturno (63,7%, nos primeiros cinco dias da admissão (61,7%, nos pacientes de sexo masculino (57,5% e na faixa etária maior de 60 anos (50%. Nos casos de quedas do leito, os diagnósticos relacionaram-se a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (18,2%, doenças do sistema nervoso (18,2% e doenças do aparelho circulatório (13,7%. Nas quedas da própria altura, os diagnósticos relacionaram-se a neoplasias (19,4% e doenças do aparelho geniturinário (16,1%. A caracterização desses eventos adversos auxilia no reconhecimento dos grupos de maior risco e na elaboração de propostas preventivas.Esta investigación fue desarrollada con el objetivo de verificar las características de las caídas sufridas por pacientes internados en un hospital privado. Fueron analizados 826 Boletines de Notificación de Eventos Adversos, en un período de 30 meses. Fueron registradas 0,30 caídas por cada 1000 pacientes/día. Las caídas de la cama fueron las más frecuentes (55%, con mayor prevalencia en la Enfermería de Neurología. Se verificó una mayor frecuencia de caídas en el período nocturno (63,7%, durante los primeros cinco días de admisión (61,7%, en los pacientes de sexo masculino (57,5% y en la faja etaria de mayores de 60 años (50%. En los casos de caídas de la cama, los diagnósticos se relacionaban con enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (18,2%, enfermedades del sistema nervioso (18,2% y enfermedades del aparato circulatorio (13,7%. En las caídas directas del cuerpo, se encontró relación con las neoplasias (19,4% y

Maternal or neonatal infection: association with neonatal encephalopathy outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenster, Meike; Bonifacio, Sonia L; Ruel, Theodore; Rogers, Elizabeth E; Tam, Emily W; Partridge, John Colin; Barkovich, Anthony James; Ferriero, Donna M; Glass, Hannah C

2014-07-01

Perinatal infection may potentiate brain injury among children born preterm. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal and/or neonatal infection are associated with adverse outcomes among term neonates with encephalopathy. This study is a cohort study of 258 term newborns with encephalopathy whose clinical records were examined for signs of maternal infection (chorioamnionitis) and infant infection (sepsis). Multivariate regression was used to assess associations between infection, pattern, and severity of injury on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, as well as neurodevelopment at 30 mo (neuromotor examination, or Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition mental development index encephalopathy, chorioamnionitis was associated with a lower risk of brain injury and adverse outcomes, whereas signs of neonatal sepsis carried an elevated risk. The etiology of encephalopathy and timing of infection and its associated inflammatory response may influence whether infection potentiates or mitigates injury in term newborns.

Tuberculosis neonatal

OpenAIRE

Pastor Durán, Xavier

1986-01-01

PROTOCOLOS TERAPEUTICOS. TUBERCULOSIS NEONATAL 1. CONCEPTO La tuberculosis neonatal es la infección del recién nacido producida por el bacilo de Koch. Es una situación rara pero grave que requiere un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento enérgico..

Benefícios e limitações da utilização da glicose no tratamento da dor em neonatos: revisão da literatura Benefits and limitations of the use of glucose for the treatment of pain in neonates: a literature review

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Juliana de Oliveira Marcatto

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Esta revisão se propõe analisar os estudos que utilizaram a glicose como recurso terapêutico em neonatologia durante procedimentos que resultam em dor de intensidade leve a moderada apontando os benefícios e limitações de sua utilização. Os recém-nascidos internados em unidades neonatais são submetidos a inúmeros procedimentos dolorosos sem abordagem terapêutica adequada, apesar de a literatura recomendar de maneira enfática a necessidade de tratamento e ressaltar as repercussões neurológicas deletérias para esses pacientes. A maior parte destas intervenções constitui procedimentos frequentemente realizados nas unidades e necessários à manutenção da estabilidade clínica, nos quais a analgesia sistêmica não está indicada. A administração de solução oral de glicose parece ser eficaz e segura no controle da dor durante procedimentos que geram dor de intensidade leve a moderada nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, os efeitos adversos são raros e o mecanismo de ação ainda não está descrito de maneira consistente na literatura. A indicação da solução oral de glicose durante punções venosas é bem descrita e durante punções de calcanhar parece ser o método mais eficaz de controle da dor especialmente quando associado à sucção não nutritiva, com resultados favoráveis na maior parte dos estudos.This article aims to review the main studies evaluating glucose as a therapeutic alternative during mildly to moderately painful procedures in neonatology, highlighting its benefits and limitations. During their stay in neonatal intensive care units, neonates are constantly subjected to a number of painful procedures without proper therapeutic management, although the medical literature emphatically recommends this type of management, highlighting the deleterious neurological consequences of pain. Most of these interventions are frequently necessary in neonatal intensive care units to maintain clinical

Epidemiología de la encefalopatía neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel en Cuba Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary level hospital in Cuba

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Gerardo Rogelio Robaina Castellanos

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: los factores de riesgo asociados a la ocurrencia de encefalopatía neonatal han sido poco tratados en países del tercer mundo. De igual forma, se desconoce la incidencia de esta entidad en la mayoría de los centros de atención perinatal en Cuba. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y factores de riesgo de encefalopatía neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención perinatal en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo que incluyó los 35 neonatos con encefalopatía neonatal, provenientes de una cohorte de 19 577 neonatos nacidos vivos en el Hospital Provincial Ginecobstétrico Docente de Matanzas, en el período de 2005-2011. Para la determinación de factores de riesgo se realizó un estudio de caso-control, mediante análisis bivariado, con una relación caso-control de 1:3. Resultados: la incidencia de encefalopatía neonatal fue de 1,78 por 1 000 nacidos vivos. La encefalopatía neonatal posasfixia se presentó en 48,5 % de los casos. La hipertensión arterial materna durante el embarazo, el antecedente materno de hipertensión arterial crónica, la procedencia materna rural y el sexo masculino, constituyeron factores de riesgo antenatales. Los factores de riesgo intranatales encontrados fueron: la presencia de depresión severa al nacer, circulares apretadas al cuello, rotura prematura de membranas, corioamnionitis clínica, placenta previa, estado fetal no tranquilizante y líquido amniótico meconial. Conclusiones: en la población estudiada los factores de riesgo perinatales y algunos antenatales tienen importancia epidemiológica.Introduction: the risk factors related to the onset of neonatal encephalopathy have been poorly treated in the Third World countries. Likewise, the incidence of this disease in most of the Cuban perinatal care centers is unknown. Objective: to determine the incidence and risk factors of neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary perinatal care hospital. Methods: a

Neonatal doses from X ray examinations by birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, K.; Akahane, K.; Aota, T.; Hada, M.; Takano, Y.; Kai, M.; Kusama, T

2003-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of X ray examinations performed on neonates classified according to their birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, the radiology records of 2408 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Oita Prefectural Hospital between January 1994 and September 1999 were investigated. This study revealed that the neonates with earlier gestational ages and lower birth weights required longer NICU stays and more frequent X ray examinations made using a mobile X ray unit. The average number of X ray examinations performed on neonates of less than 750 g birth weight was 26 films per neonate. In regard to computed tomography and fluoroscopy, no significant relationship was found between the birth weight and number of X rays. This study revealed that the entrance-surface dose per neonate was dependent upon the birth weight, while the maximum dose was not dependent upon the birth weight. The average neonatal dose in the NICU was predominantly from computed tomography and fluoroscopy. The individual dose varied widely among neonates. (author)

Neonatal doses from X ray examinations by birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ono, K.; Akahane, K.; Aota, T.; Hada, M.; Takano, Y.; Kai, M.; Kusama, T.

2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of X ray examinations performed on neonates classified according to their birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, the radiology records of 2408 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Oita Prefectural Hospital between January 1994 and September 1999 were investigated. This study revealed that the neonates with earlier gestational ages and lower birth weights required longer NICU stays and more frequent X ray examinations made using a mobile X ray unit. The average number of X ray examinations performed on neonates of less than 750 g birth weight was 26 films per neonate. In regard to computed tomography and fluoroscopy, no significant relationship was found between the birth weight and number of X rays. This study revealed that the entrance-surface dose per neonate was dependent upon the birth weight, while the maximum dose was not dependent upon the birth weight. The average neonatal dose in the NICU was predominantly from computed tomography and fluoroscopy. The individual dose varied widely among neonates. (author)

HIV and pregnancy: Maternal and neonatal evolution HIV y embarazo: Evolución materna y neonatal

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Diego Cecchini

2011-10-01

%; complicaciones obstétricas: 26%; parto prematuro: 16%. De los neonatos, 1.6% presentaron defectos congénitos y el 9% complicaciones neonatales. La mortalidad neonatal fue 1% y la transmisión vertical: 0.7%. Las complicaciones obstétricas y el uso de inhibidores de proteasa se asociaron a parto prematuro; las complicaciones obstétricas se asociaron con complicaciones neonatales. La tasa de hepatotoxicidad fue baja a pesar de la utilización frecuente de nevirapina; el uso de inhibidores de proteasa se asoció a parto prematuro. Se observó una respuesta virológica favorable y una baja tasa de transmisión vertical, lo que apoya el consenso de que el beneficio de las drogas antirretrovirales durante el embarazo supera el riesgo de efectos adversos maternos y neonatales.

Desfecho neonatal em gestações que evoluíram com amniorrexe prematura

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Marcela Lima Silveira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue describir los resultados neonatales de recién nacidos, cuyas madres tenían amniorrexe prematuro durante embarazo. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, en maternidad pública de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, con 166 neonatos de madres con amniorrexe prematuro, en 2010. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la búsqueda en registros médicos, uso de formulario pre estructurado. Predominaron recién nacidos a término, con peso adecuado y buena vitalidad al nacer. El análisis estadístico señaló asociación significativa entre prematuridad y latencia prolongada y las variables neonatales: necesidad de asistencia respiratoria, infección neonatal y uso de antibióticos. La edad gestacional presenta relevancia fundamental para llevar a cabo la gestión clínica y la evaluación de resultados perinatales, pues los principales problemas de salud relacionados con la amniorrexe prematuro son resultantes de la prematuridad.

Neonatal neurosonography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riccabona, Michael, E-mail: michael.riccabona@klinikum-graz.at

2014-09-15

Paediatric and particularly neonatal neurosonography still remains a mainstay of imaging the neonatal brain. It can be performed at the bedside without any need for sedation or specific monitoring. There are a number of neurologic conditions that significantly influence morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants related to the brain and the spinal cord; most of them can be addressed by ultrasonography (US). However, with the introduction of first CT and then MRI, neonatal neurosonography is increasingly considered just a basic first line technique that offers only orienting information and does not deliver much relevant information. This is partially caused by inferior US performance – either by restricted availability of modern equipment or by lack of specialized expertise in performing and reading neurosonographic scans. This essay tries to highlight the value and potential of US in the neonatal brain and briefly touching also on the spinal cord imaging. The common pathologies and their US appearance as well as typical indication and applications of neurosonography are listed. The review aims at encouraging paediatric radiologists to reorient there imaging algorithms and skills towards the potential of modern neurosonography, particularly in the view of efficacy, considering growing economic pressure, and the low invasiveness as well as the good availability of US that can easily be repeated any time at the bedside.

Socioeconomic factors and adolescent pregnancy outcomes: distinctions between neonatal and post-neonatal deaths?

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Flick Louise H

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Young maternal age has long been associated with higher infant mortality rates, but the role of socioeconomic factors in this association has been controversial. We sought to investigate the relationships between infant mortality (distinguishing neonatal from post-neonatal deaths, socioeconomic status and maternal age in a large, retrospective cohort study. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked birth-death certificate data for Missouri residents during 1997–1999. Infant mortality rates for all singleton births to adolescent women (12–17 years, n = 10,131; 18–19 years, n = 18,954 were compared to those for older women (20–35 years, n = 28,899. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI for all potential associations. Results The risk of infant (OR 1.95, CI 1.54–2.48, neonatal (1.69, 1.24–2.31 and post-neonatal mortality (2.47, 1.70–3.59 were significantly higher for younger adolescent (12–17 years than older (20–34 years mothers. After adjusting for race, marital status, age-appropriate education level, parity, smoking status, prenatal care utilization, and poverty status (indicated by participation in WIC, food stamps or Medicaid, the risk of post-neonatal mortality (1.73, 1.14–2.64 but not neonatal mortality (1.43, 0.98–2.08 remained significant for younger adolescent mothers. There were no differences in neonatal or post-neonatal mortality risks for older adolescent (18–19 years mothers. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors may largely explain the increased neonatal mortality risk among younger adolescent mothers but not the increase in post-neonatal mortality risk.

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting as late onset neonatal jaundice

OpenAIRE

Qureshi, Umar Amin; Ahmad, Nisar; Rasool, Akhter; Choh, Suhail

2009-01-01

Clinical manifestations of adrenal hemorrhage vary depending on the degree and rate of hemorrhage, as well as the amount of adrenal cortex compromised by hemorrhage. We report here a case of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage that presented with late onset neonatal jaundice. The cause of adrenal hemorrhage was birth asphyxia.

Emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulos transientes e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico automático na triagem auditiva neonatal"

OpenAIRE

Isabela de Souza Jardim

2006-01-01

Com o objetivo de verificar a necessidade de aplicação dos testes de Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por Estímulos Transientes (EOAT) e Potencial Evocado auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATEA) combinados e comparar a ocorrência de resultados " Passa" entre os grupos de berçário comum e de UTI-Neonatal, foram avaliados 150 recém-nascidos de berçário comum e 70 recém-nascidos de UTI-Neonatal. Os testes de EOAT e PEATEA apresentaram ocorrência de resposta semelhante quando os grupos foram analisa...

Analgesia peridural contínua: análise da eficácia, efeitos adversos e fatores de risco para ocorrência de complicações Analgesia peridural continua: análisis de la eficacia, efectos adversos y factores de riesgo para ocurrencia de complicaciones Continuous epidural analgesia: analysis of efficacy, side effects and risk factors

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Leonardo Teixeira Domingues Duarte

2004-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A analgesia promovida pela infusão peridural de anestésico local com analgésicos opióides é reconhecidamente de boa qualidade e com poucos efeitos adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o número, formas e gravidade das complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas à analgesia peridural e à inserção do cateter peridural. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 469 pacientes submetidos à analgesia peridural pós-operatória entre 18/10/1999 e 18/10/2001. A analgesia peridural foi conduzida usando-se solução de bupivacaína a 0,1% com fentanil (1 a 5 µg.ml-1, iniciando-se a infusão de 3 ml.h-1. A velocidade de infusão era ajustada de acordo com a queixa álgica do paciente. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: a duração da infusão peridural; a ocorrência de efeitos adversos e complicações, relacionando-os aos dados demográficos, tipo de cirurgia e posição do cateter peridural; e a qualidade da analgesia obtida com a técnica (escala analógico-visual de dor e índice de satisfação do paciente. RESULTADOS: Os cateteres peridurais permaneceram implantados uma média de 2,2 dias, variando de 6 horas a 10 dias, e o índice global de complicações relacionadas à técnica foi de 46,3%, sendo que a maioria foi de pequena magnitude, sem repercussão clínica. Destas, 13,9% estavam relacionadas diretamente ao cateter peridural (desconexão, exteriorização, dor lombar, inflamação e infecção local. Outras complicações mais comumente encontradas foram vômitos e retenção urinária. A analgesia pós-operatória foi efetiva com 97,2% dos pacientes referindo satisfação com a técnica. Pacientes sem dor ou com dor leve, no primeiro, segundo e terceiro dias de pós-operatório, constituíram, respectivamente, 80,1%, 92,8% e 93,3% da população estudada. CONCLUSÕES: A analgesia peridural contínua é efetiva e segura. As complicações ocorridas não foram consideradas graves

Sweat conductivity and coulometric quantitative test in neonatal cystic fibrosis screening

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Mouseline Torquato Domingos

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Objective: To compare the results obtained with the sweat test using the conductivity method and coulometric measurement of sweat chloride in newborns (NBs with suspected cystic fibrosis (CF in the neonatal screening program. Methods: The sweat test was performed simultaneously by both methods in children with and without CF. The cutoff values to confirm CF were >50 mmol/L in the conductivity and >60 mmol/L in the coulometric test. Results: There were 444 infants without CF (185 males, 234 females, and 24 unreported submitted to the sweat test through conductivity and coulometric measurement simultaneously, obtaining median results of 32 mmol/L and 12 mmol/L, respectively. For 90 infants with CF, the median values of conductivity and coulometric measurement were 108 mmol/L and 97 mmol/L, respectively. The false positive rate for conductivity was 16.7%, and was higher than 50 mmol/L in all patients with CF, which gives this method a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 93.8–97.8, specificity of 96.2% (95% CI: 93.8–97.8, positive predictive value of 83.3% (95% CI: 74.4–91.1, negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 90.5–109.4, and 9.8% accuracy. The correlation between the methods was r = 0.97 (p > 0.001. The best suggested cutoff value was 69.0 mmol/L, with a kappa coefficient = 0.89. Conclusion: The conductivity test showed excellent correlation with the quantitative coulometric test, high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used in the diagnosis of CF in children detected through newborn screening. Resumo: Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos no teste do suor pelo método da condutividade e a dosagem coulométrica de cloreto no suor em recém nascidos (RN suspeitos da triagem neonatal para fibrose cística (FC. Métodos: O teste do suor foi realizado simultaneamente pelos dois métodos em crianças com e sem FC. Os valores de corte para confirmar FC foram na condutividade > 50 mmol/L e no teste coulométrico > 60�

Eventos adversos en 1395 infusiones con diferentes preparados de gammaglobulina intravenosa

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Alejandro Malbrán

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Los procesos de aislamiento y esterilización de la gammaglobulina endovenosa (IVIG afectan las características del producto terminado y, por lo tanto, su tolerabilidad. Distintos productos tienen diferentes incidencias de reacciones adversas. Este trabajo cuantifica los eventos adversos (EA inmediatos provocados por distintas preparaciones de IVIG. Analizamos 1395 infusiones en 28 pacientes, con una mediana de 32.5 por sujeto (rango 2-214, utilizando seis preparados distintos de IVIG, con una dosis total promedio de 40.3 ± 8.3 g. Analizamos retrospectivamente 1 031 infusiones y 364 prospectivamente. Los pacientes utilizaron una media de 2.68 ± 1.8 IVIG diferentes, con una mediana de 2 (rango 1-6 por persona. El número de marcas comerciales utilizadas se relacionó con el número de infusiones recibidas, r = 0.73. En 24 (2.3% de 1031 infusiones analizadas en forma retrospectiva se registraron EA que afectaron a 11 de los 23 casos incluidos, con una media de 2.18 ± 1.08 EA por afectado. De 24 pacientes y de 364 infusiones prospectivas, en 14 pacientes y en 32 (7.2% procedimientos se observaron EA. Veinticuatro (42.9% de 56 EA fueron leves, 31 (55.5% moderados y uno (1.8% fue grave. La velocidad de infusión fue de 9.04 ± 4.6 g/h para las que presentaron EA vs. 10.6 ± 4.6 g/h para las que no (p = 0.31. La incidencia, la gravedad y la proporción de pacientes afectados con EA para cada marca comercial de IVIG fueron muy diferentes entre sí. Esta información debe ser tomada en cuenta en el momento de selección de la IVIG a utilizar.

Exposure assessment of neonates in israel to x-ray radiation during hospitalization at neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datz, H.

2005-03-01

Nowadays nearly 10% of all births in western countries are premature. In the last decade, there has been an increase of 45% in the number of neonates that were born in Israel. At the same time, the survival of neonates, especially those with very low birth weight, VLBW, (less than 1,500 gr), has increased dramatically. Diagnostic radiology plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of neonates requiring intensive care. During their prolonged and complex hospitalization, these infants are exposed to multiple radiographic examinations involving X-ray radiation. The extent of the examinations that the infant undergoes depends on its birth weight, gestational age and its medical problems, where most of the treatment effort is focused especially on VLBW neonates. Most of the diagnostic X-ray examinations taken during the hospitalization of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) consist of imaging of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, namely, the chest and abdomen. The imaging process is done using mobile X-ray units located at the NICUs. Due to their long hospitalization periods and complex medical condition, all neonates, and neonates with VLBW in particular, are exposed to a much higher level of diagnostic radiation, compared to normal newborns. The goal of this research was to assess the extent of the exposure of neonates in Israel to X-ray radiation during their hospitalization at the neonatal intensive care unit. Five NICUs, located at different geographical zones in Israel and treating 20% of all newborns in Israel every year, participated in this research. The research was conducted in three phases: Phase I: Collection of information on radiographic techniques and exposure parameters (e.g. kV, mAs, focus to skin distance (FSD), examination borders). 499 X-ray examinations (from 157 neonates) were evaluated for necessary and unnecessary exposure of the neonate's organs to X-ray radiation during these examinations. Phase II

Análisis de la mortalidad neonatal precoz en San Miguel del Padrón (La Habana Analysis of early neonatal mortality in San Miguel del Padrón municipality in Havana City

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Emilio Vidal Borrás

2009-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. Fueron objetivos de esta presentación caracterizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad neonatal precoz y su relación con la edad materna, gestacional, los factores de riesgo y las causas de muerte neonatal en el municipio San Miguel del Padrón, entre 1999 y 2008. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal del comportamiento de la mortalidad neonatal precoz en una muestra de 49 defunciones. Se analizaron variables maternas y del recién nacido, cuyos datos fueron obtenidos de la revisión de registros médicos de defunción e historias clínicas. RESULTADOS. Se encontró que la mortalidad neonatal precoz en el municipio fue de tendencia decreciente en el período estudiado. El año de mayor número de nacidos vivos (NV fue 1999, con 2146 nacimientos y una tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI de 10,7 × 1 000 NV. La tasa de mortalidad neonatal precoz fue de 3,7 x 1000 NV, tanto en 1999 y como en 2002, con 7 defunciones en neonatos de menos de 7 días de vida. De las 129 defunciones, 49 correspondieron al componente neonatal precoz, en tanto que el parto pretérmino constituyó el 20,1 %. La principal causa de muerte fue la sepsis (48,9 %. CONCLUSIONES. Las principales causas de muerte fueron la sepsis, la asfixia y las malformaciones congénitas, mientras que los factores de riesgo más frecuentes relacionados con el embarazo fueron la moniliasis vaginal y las infecciones urinarias.INTRODUCTION. The objectives of this presentation were to characterize the behavior of early neonatal mortality and its relation to maternal and gestational age, risk factors, and the neonatal death causes in San Miguel del Padrón municipality in Havana City. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was conducted on early neonatal mortality behavior in a sample of 49 deceases. Maternal and newborn variables were analyzed whose data were obtained from death medical records and clinical records. RESULTS: We

Neonatal pain management

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Tarun Bhalla

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The past 2-3 decades have seen dramatic changes in the approach to pain management in the neonate. These practices started with refuting previously held misconceptions regarding nociception in preterm infants. Although neonates were initially thought to have limited response to painful stimuli, it was demonstrated that the developmental immaturity of the central nervous system makes the neonate more likely to feel pain. It was further demonstrated that untreated pain can have long-lasting physiologic and neurodevelopmental consequences. These concerns have resulted in a significant emphasis on improving and optimizing the techniques of analgesia for neonates and infants. The following article will review techniques for pain assessment, prevention, and treatment in this population with a specific focus on acute pain related to medical and surgical conditions.

Determinantes de la Calidad del Resultado

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Carmen Pineda González

2000-06-01

Full Text Available El concepto de calidad del resultado hace referencia a la posibilidad de que el resultado contable sea percibido por los usuarios de la información contable por encima o por debajo de su cuantificación numérica, o, de otro modo, a la posibilidad de percibir como diferentes los resultados de varias compañías aun cuando en términos cuantitativos sean de igual valor; de forma que será de mayor calidad aquél resultado que en mayor medida contribuya a limitar o a reducir el riesgo inherente al proceso de toma de decisiones. Este concepto general, sin embargo, ha tenido diferentes concreciones que requieren un estudio detallado. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este trabajo es revisar las diferentes definiciones de calidad del resultado que recoge la bibliografía contable y analizar los factores que la determinan, es decir; las decisiones empresariales, las normas contables, la manipulación, la estabilidad, el contenido monetario y los componentes permanentes del resultado. The concept of earnings quality refers to the possibility that accounting results are valued either above or below their numerical quantification, or; put another way, to the possibility of detecting differences in the results of various companies even though in quantitative terms they are of equal value, such that the results of the highest quality will be those which limit, or reduce, to the greatest extent the risk inherent in the decision making process. This general concept, however; has had different forms that require detailed study. In consequence, this paper aims both to review the different definitions of earnings quality present in the accounting literature, and to analyse the factors that determine earnings quality including: corporate decisions, accounting standards and the manipulation, stability, monetary content and permanent components of earnings.

Causes of Neonatal Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Taleghani Hospital

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Ali Hossein Zeinalzadeh

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Neonatal survival is one of the most important challenges today. Over 99% of neonatal mortalities occur in the developing countries, and epidemiologic studies emphasize on this issue in the developed countries, as well. In this study, we attempted to investigate the causes of neonatal mortality in Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we studied causes of neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU of Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, during 2013-2014. Data collection was performed by the head nurse and treating physician using a pre-designed questionnaire. Most of the data were extracted from the neonatal records. Information regarding maternal underlying diseases and health care during pregnancy was extracted from mothers' records.Results: A total of 891 neonates were admitted to NICU of Taleghani Hospital of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013-2014, 68 (7.5% of whom died. Among these cases, 37 (%54.4 were male, 29 (29.4% were extremely low birth weight, and 16 (23.5% weighed more than 2.5 kg. The main causes of mortality were congenital anomalies (35.3%, prematurity (26.5%, and sepsis (10.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Congenital anomaly is the most common cause of mortality, and the pattern of death is changing from preventable diseases to unavoidable mortalities

Developments in neonatal care and nursing responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Healy, Patricia; Fallon, Anne

This article reviews the origins and evolution of neonatology and considers the role of the neonatal nurse within this specialty. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal team that provides care for sick babies. The nursing care required by sick babies and their families on a neonatal unit can be variable and complex. The past century has seen significant changes in the role of the neonatal nurse. This has come about through dramatic technological developments on neonatal units, an increased understanding of neonatal physiology and pathology, changes in the education of neonatal nurses, and active and ongoing clinical research within the specialty. The resulting significant advances in neonatal care, including that provided by neonatal nurses, have made a crucial and steadfast contribution to marked improvements in neonatal outcomes.

Patterns of admission and factors associated with neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

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Demisse AG

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Abayneh Girma Demisse, Fentahun Alemu, Mahlet Abayneh Gizaw, Zemene Tigabu School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Introduction: The neonatal period is a highly vulnerable time for an infant completing many of the physiologic adjustments required for life outside the uterus. As a result, there are high rates of morbidity and mortality. The three major causes of mortality in developing countries include prematurity, infection, and perinatal asphyxia. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of neonatal admission and factors associated with mortality among neonates admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU of University of Gondar Hospital.Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all admitted neonates in the NICU of University of Gondar referral hospital from December 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. Information was extracted retrospectively during admission from patient records and death certificates, using a pretested questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 769 neonates was included in the study. There were 448 (58.3% male neonates, and 398 (51.8% neonates were rural residents. More than two-thirds of the 587 deliveries (76.3% were performed in tertiary hospitals. Neonatal morbidity included hypothermia 546 (71%, sepsis 522 (67.9%, prematurity 250 (34.9%, polycythemia 242 (31.5%, hypoglycemia 142 (18.5, meconium aspiration syndrome 113 (14.7%, and perinatal asphyxia 96 (12.5%. The overall mortality was 110 (14.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9–16.9 of which 69 (62.7% deaths occurred in the first 24 hours of age. In the multivariate analysis, mortality was associated with perinatal asphyxia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 5.97; 95% CI: 3.06–11.64, instrumental delivery (AOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.08–8.31, and early onset

Volume and leak measurements during neonatal CPAP in neonates

OpenAIRE

Fischer, Hendrik S.

2011-01-01

As yet, little is known about the effects of air leakages during CPAP in newborns. The present doctoral dissertation investigates tidal volume and leak measurements during nasal continuous positive airway pressure in neonates using a commercial ventilatory device. Investigations include in vitro studies, modelling and computer simulation as well as a clinical randomized cross-over trial in neonates.

Telemedicine in Neonatal Home Care

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Kristina Garne; Brødsgaard, Anne; Zachariassen, Gitte

2016-01-01

participatory design and qualitative methods. Data were collected from observational studies, individual interviews, and focus group interviews. Two neonatal units participated. One unit was experienced in providing neonatal home care with home visits, and the other planned to offer neonatal home care......BACKGROUND: For the majority of preterm infants, the last weeks of hospital admission mainly concerns tube feeding and establishment of breastfeeding. Neonatal home care (NH) was developed to allow infants to remain at home for tube feeding and establishment of breastfeeding with regular home...... visits from neonatal nurses. For hospitals covering large regions, home visits may be challenging, time consuming, and expensive and alternative approaches must be explored. OBJECTIVE: To identify parental needs when wanting to provide neonatal home care supported by telemedicine. METHODS: The study used...

Neonatal Informatics: Transforming Neonatal Care Through Translational Bioinformatics

Science.gov (United States)

Palma, Jonathan P.; Benitz, William E.; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter; Butte, Atul J.; Longhurst, Christopher A.

2012-01-01

The future of neonatal informatics will be driven by the availability of increasingly vast amounts of clinical and genetic data. The field of translational bioinformatics is concerned with linking and learning from these data and applying new findings to clinical care to transform the data into proactive, predictive, preventive, and participatory health. As a result of advances in translational informatics, the care of neonates will become more data driven, evidence based, and personalized. PMID:22924023

Maternal haemoglobin and short-term neonatal outcome in preterm neonates.

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Elodie Savajols

Full Text Available To determine whether there is a significant association between maternal haemoglobin measured before delivery and short-term neonatal outcome in very preterm neonates.We included prospectively all live births occurring from 25 to 32+6 weeks of gestation in a tertiary care centre between January 1(st 2009 and December 31(st 2011. Outborn infants and infants presenting with lethal malformations were excluded. Three hundred and thirty-nine mothers and 409 infants met the inclusion criteria. For each mother-infant pair a prospective record of epidemiologic data was performed and maternal haemoglobin concentration recorded within 24 hours before delivery was retrospectively researched. Maternal haemoglobin was divided into quartiles with the second and the third one regarded as reference as they were composed of normal haemoglobin values. Short-term outcome was defined as poor in case of death during hospital stay and/or grades III/IV intraventricular haemorrhage and/or periventricular leukomalacia and/or necessity of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.The global rate of poor short-term neonatal outcome was 11.4% and was significantly associated with low maternal haemoglobin values. This association remained significant after adjustment for antenatal corticosteroids therapy, gestational age, parity, mechanism of preterm birth, mode of delivery and birth weight (aOR = 2.97 CI 95% [1.36-6.47]. There was no relation between short-term neonatal outcome and high maternal haemoglobin concentration values.We show that low maternal haemoglobin concentration at delivery is an independent risk factor for poor short-term neonatal outcome in very preterm neonates. This study is one of the first to show such an association within the preterm population.

Ulceração das placas psoriáticas - efeito cutâneo adverso do metotrexato em altas doses no tratamento da psoríase: relato de três casos

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Ataíde Deborah Skusa de Torre

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam três casos de pacientes portadores de psoríase que utilizaram inadvertidamente doses elevadas de metotrexato e apresentaram ulceração das lesões cutâneas de psoríase. Os efeitos adversos cutâneos do metotrexato são raros, algumas vezes dose-dependentes, outras idiossincrásicos ou relacionados com alteração de metabolização da droga, ou, ainda, interações medicamentosas

Neonates need tailored drug formulations.

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Allegaert, Karel

2013-02-08

Drugs are very strong tools used to improve outcome in neonates. Despite this fact and in contrast to tailored perfusion equipment, incubators or ventilators for neonates, we still commonly use drug formulations initially developed for adults. We would like to make the point that drug formulations given to neonates need to be tailored for this age group. Besides the obvious need to search for active compounds that take the pathophysiology of the newborn into account, this includes the dosage and formulation. The dosage or concentration should facilitate the administration of low amounts and be flexible since clearance is lower in neonates with additional extensive between-individual variability. Formulations need to be tailored for dosage variability in the low ranges and also to the clinical characteristics of neonates. A specific focus of interest during neonatal drug development therefore is a need to quantify and limit excipient exposure based on the available knowledge of their safety or toxicity. Until such tailored vials and formulations become available, compounding practices for drug formulations in neonates should be evaluated to guarantee the correct dosing, product stability and safety.

Incidência de insuficiência renal aguda na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital paulista Incidencia de insuficiencia renal crónica aguda en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal de un hospital de Sao Paulo Incidence of acute renal failure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in São Paulo

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Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Verificar a incidência de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA como motivo de admissão de pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN de um hospital paulista, e o uso da classificação de RIFLE na alocação destes pacientes. MÉTODOS: Levantamento de prontuários no período de 04 a 25/04/2008. RESULTADOS: Das 19 admissões de neonatos por diagnósticos diversos, 10% foram geradas por IRA (RIFLE, sendo os pacientes encaminhados à programas de diálise. CONCLUSÃO: Este levantamento realizado, com um número reduzido de indivíduos, demonstrou que a IRA representou 10% das causas de internação primária em UTIN. Maior tempo de observação seria importante para avaliar a progressão para IRA dos outros diagnósticos. Trabalhos com maior número de indivíduos e maior tempo de observação seriam importantes para se obter a real incidência desta complicação como causa de internação em UTIN.OBJETIVOS: Verificar la incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA como motivo de admisión de pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN de un hospital de Sao Paulo, y el uso de la clasificación de RIFLE en la asignación de estos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un levantamiento de historias clínicas en el período comprendido ente el 04 al 25/04/2008. RESULTADOS: De las 19 admisiones de neonatos por diversos diagnósticos, el 10% fueron generadas por IRA (RIFLE, siendo los pacientes encaminados a los programas de diálisis. CONCLUSIÓN: Este levantamiento realizado, con un número reducido de individuos, demostró que la IRA representó el 10% de las causas de internamiento primario en la UCIN. Sería importante un mayor tiempo de observación para evaluar el progreso de los otros diagnósticos hacia la IRA. Trabajos con mayor número de individuos así como de mayor tiempo de observación serían importantes para obtenerse la incidencia real de esta complicación como causa de internamiento en la UCIN

Neonatal Nursing

OpenAIRE

Crawford, Doreen; Morris, Maryke

1994-01-01

"Neonatal Nursing" offers a systematic approach to the nursing care of the sick newborn baby. Nursing actions and responsibilities are the focus of the text with relevant research findings, clinical applications, anatomy, physiology and pathology provided where necessary. This comprehensive text covers all areas of neonatal nursing including ethics, continuing care in the community, intranatal care, statistics and pharmokinetics so that holistic care of the infant is described. This book shou...

Neonatal Outcomes of Rh-Negative Pregnancies in a Tertiary Level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Study

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Chacham

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Background Rhesus incompatibility is a preventable cause for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hydrops fetalis and still births. The prevalence of the Rh-negative blood group among Indian woman varies from 2% - 10%. Despite declining the incidence of Rhesus incompatibility, due to availability of anti-D immunoglobulin, and improved antenatal care of the Rh-negative pregnant woman, it still accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neuro-morbidity. The prevalence of Rh-negative women having Rh-positive neonates is 60%. Objectives This study aimed to estimate the incidence of Rh iso-immunization and evaluate the outcomes of Rh iso-immunized neonates. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit, Princess Esra hospital, Deccan college of medical sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Consecutive intramural and extramural neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit with the Rh-negative mother’s blood group and hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled. Neonates born to Rh+ve mothers were excluded. Neonatal gestational age, birth weight, age at admission, duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, neonatal examination and investigations were recorded in a predesigned, pretested performa. Results A total of 90 neonates were born to Rh-negative mothers, of which 70% (63 had the Rh-positive blood group and 30% had the Rh-negative blood group. Of these 63 neonates, 48 (76.2% had hyperbilirubinemia and 43 neonates (68.3% had significant hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 15mg/dL. Among them, 2%, 75% and 23% were born to primi, multi and grandmutli, respectively. Also, 14.5% of the neonates were large for dates (LFD, 75% appropriate for dates (AFD and 10.5% were small for dates (SFD. Premature and SFD neonates had higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia. Significantly higher incidence of jaundice occurred within 72 hours of life. The mean

Development of a virtual learning environment addressing adverse events in nursing Desarrollo de ambiente virtual de aprendizaje en eventos adversos en enfermería Desenvolvimento de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em eventos adversos em enfermagem

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Rosicler Xelegati

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The authors have developed a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE addressing the management of adverse events to promote continuing education for nurses, including the following themes: pressure ulcer, medication errors, phlebitis, fall, and loss of nasogastroenteral probes. The pedagogical framework was grounded on the information processing theory and this applied study used the Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI model to develop the program. The environment was developed with HTML language through Microsoft Office Word 2003®. The authors developed evaluation exercises in each module through the Hot Potatoes program, version 6.0 for Windows. The conclusion is that the methodology utilized was appropriate for achieving the proposed objectives. In the future, the authors will assess the developed product and verify the possibility of using it in nursing services.El estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje (AVA sobre administración en eventos adversos para educación permanente de enfermeros, abordando las temáticas: úlcera por presión, errores de medicación, flebitis, caída y pérdida de sonda nasogastroenteral. El marco pedagógico fue fundamentado en la teoría de procesamiento de información y la metodología, una investigación aplicada, utilizó el Modelo de desarrollo de programas de Instrucción Auxiliado por Computador (IAC. El ambiente fue desarrollado en el lenguaje HTML utilizando el programa Microsoft Office Word 2003®. Los ejercicios de evaluación de cada módulo fueron creados por las autoras de este estudio con la utilización del programa Hot Potatoes versión 6.0 para Windows. Se concluyó que la metodología adoptada fue adecuada para el alcance del objetivo propuesto. Como metas futuras, las autoras evaluaran el producto desarrollado y verificaran la posibilidad de su uso en los servicios de enfermería.O estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA

SERUM SODIUM CHANGES IN NEONATES RECEIVING PHOTOTHERAPY FOR NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

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Sunil Kumar

2015-07-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND : Neonates receiving phototherapy have side effects like hypocalcemia and electrolyte changes. Our study is hereby intended to study the serum sodium changes due to phototherapy. AIMS : To evaluate the serum sodium changes in neonates receiving phototherapy f or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN : A prospective hospital based comparative study conducted on neonates admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit receiving phototherapy. METHODS AND MATERIAL : A predesigned proforma has aided the enroll ment of 252 newborns into the study. Serum bilirubin and serum sodium were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. The first samples were considered as controls. A comparative study was made between before and after phototherapy groups to determine the incidence of serum sodium imbalances. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED : Proportions will be compared using chi - square test. All data of various groups will be tabulated and statistically analyzed using suitable statistical tests (Student's t test. RESULTS : Male to Female ratio was 1.45 : 1. Incidence of low birth weight babies was 23% and preterm was 20.2%. Mean birth weight and gestational age was 2.84±0.51 kg and 38.44±1.98 wks respectively. Mean duration of phototherapy was 37.65±11.06 hrs. The incidence of hyponatremia post phototherapy found to be 6% which was more in low birth weight (LBW babies (17.2% , p48 hrs (p<0.001. Even the decline in mean serum sodium values after phototherapy found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION : Our study shows that neonates u nder phototherapy are at higher risk of hyponatremia. This risk is greater in premature and LBW babies and hence this group of babies should be closely monitored for changes in serum sodium and should be managed accordingly.

Neonatal Vaccination: Challenges and Intervention Strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Matthew C; Surendran, Naveen

2016-01-01

While vaccines have been tremendously successful in reducing the incidence of serious infectious diseases, newborns remain particularly vulnerable in the first few months of their life to life-threatening infections. A number of challenges exist to neonatal vaccination. However, recent advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology offer insights to overcome many of those challenges. This review will present an overview of the features of neonatal immunity which make vaccination difficult, survey the mechanisms of action of available vaccine adjuvants with respect to the unique features of neonatal immunity, and propose a possible mechanism contributing to the inability of neonates to generate protective immune responses to vaccines. We surveyed recent published findings on the challenges to neonatal vaccination and possible intervention strategies including the use of novel vaccine adjuvants to develop efficacious neonatal vaccines. Challenges in the vaccination of neonates include interference from maternal antibody and excessive skewing towards Th2 immunity, which can be counteracted by the use of proper adjuvants. Synergistic stimulation of multiple Toll-like receptors by incorporating well-defined agonist-adjuvant combinations to vaccines is a promising strategy to ensure a protective vaccine response in neonates. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Condutividade e teste quantitativo coulométrico na triagem neonatal para fibrose cística

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Mouseline Torquato Domingos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados obtidos no teste do suor pelo método da condutividade e a dosagem coulométrica de cloreto no suor em recém0nascidos (RN suspeitos da triagem neonatal para fibrose cística (FC. Métodos O teste do suor foi feito simultaneamente pelos dois métodos em crianças com e sem FC. Os valores de corte para confirmar FC foram na condutividade > 50 mmol/L e no teste coulométrico > 60 mmol/L. Resultados Fizeram o teste do suor por condutividade e dosagem coulométrica simultaneamente 444 RN sem FC (185 do sexo masculino, 234 do feminino e 24 não informado e obtiveram resultado mediano de 32 mmol/L e 12 mmol/L respectivamente. Para os noventa RN com FC os valores medianos de condutividade e dosagem coulométrica foram 108 mmol/L e 97 mmol/L respectivamente. O índice de falso positivo para condutividade foi de 16,7% e em todos os pacientes FC foi superior a 50 mmol/L, o que confere ao método 100% de sensibilidade (IC 95% = 93,8 a 97,8, especificidade de 96,2% (IC 95% = 93,8 a 97,8, valor preditivo positivo 83,3 (IC 95% = 74,4 a 91,1, valor preditivo negativo 100% (IC 95% = 90,5 a 109,4 e acurácia 9,8%. A correlação entre os métodos foi de r = 0,97 (p > 0,001.O melhor valor de corte sugerido foi de 69,0 mmol/L, coeficiente de kappa = 0,89. Conclusão O teste da condutividade apresentou excelente correlação com o quantitativo coulométrico, alta sensibilidade e especificidade e pode ser usado no diagnóstico da FC em crianças detectadas pela triagem neonatal.

Programa de triagem neonatal para fibrose cística no estado do Paraná: avaliação após 30 meses de sua implantação Neonatal cystic fibrosis screening program in the state of Paraná: evaluation 30 months after implementation

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Grégor P. Chermikoski Santos

2005-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Apresentar e analisar os resultados da implantação do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal em Fibrose Cística, no Paraná, após 30 meses do seu início. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com análise dos dados da triagem feita em aproximadamente 98% dos recém-nascidos entre setembro de 2001 e abril de 2004 no laboratório do Serviço de Triagem Neonatal da Fundação Ecumênica de Proteção ao Excepcional do Paraná. As amostras de sangue para o "teste do pezinho" foram coletadas na alta hospitalar, idealmente entre o segundo e sexto dias de vida, com o envio dos papéis-filtro para a dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa por imunofluorimetria. Crianças com valores da dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa > 70 ng/ml em duas amostras distintas, nos primeiros 30 dias de vida, foram submetidas à determinação da condutividade do suor pelo método de Wescor. Com o resultado maior que 50 mMol/l procedeu-se à dosagem quantitativa de cloro e/ou sódio no suor (iontoforese por pilocarpina. RESULTADOS: De 456.982 exames realizados, 4.028 (0,9% crianças apresentaram a primeira dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa acima do ponto de corte estabelecido. Dessas, 478 (12,5% tiveram uma segunda amostra de sangue com dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa acima de 70 ng/ml, das quais, após a realização do teste de suor por condutividade, 56 (11,7% crianças foram encaminhadas para ambulatórios especializados com resultado acima de 50 mMol/l e 48 (0,01% do total de triagens tiveram o diagnóstico de fibrose cística confirmado. A incidência foi de 1:9.520 em nosso estado, embora algumas crianças ainda não tenham completado a investigação. CONCLUSÕES: A triagem neonatal para fibrose cística no estado do Paraná, de acordo com as normas do Ministério da Saúde, foi uma iniciativa pioneira no Brasil. Realizou-se o diagnóstico precocemente em muitos pacientes, mesmo os assintomáticos, fato que representa um desafio à melhora no progn

Survival at nine neonatal intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil La supervivencia en nueve unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales en São Paulo, Brasil

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Maria Teresa Zullini

1997-01-01

Full Text Available A collaborative effort to assess factors affecting newborn survival at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs was made by studying 1948 newborns admitted to nine NICUs in the city of São Paulo between 1 June and 30 November 1991. Data on the study subjects were obtained using a standardized form. This was the first activity undertaken by a network of neonatologists (the Paulista Collaborative Group on Neonatal Care dedicated to jointly evaluating and improving neonatal care in that city. The study results showed an overall mortality of 59 deaths per 1000 neonates, with survival improving as gestational age and birthweight rose. Other variables significantly affecting survival were a poor maternal obstetric history (a previous stillbirth or neonatal death, or two or more spontaneous abortions; birth asphyxia (Apgar at 5 minutes Una iniciativa colectiva para evaluar los factores que inciden en la supervivencia de los recién nacidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN se llevó a cabo mediante el estudio de 1948 neonatos ingresados en nueve UCIN de la ciudad de São Paulo entre el 1 de junio y el 30 de noviembre de 1991. Se usó un formulario estandarizado para recoger información sobre los niños estudiados. Fue la primera actividad emprendida por una red de neonatólogos (Grupo Colaborador Paulista para la Atención Neonatal dedicada a evaluar y mejorar, mediante un esfuerzo colectivo, la atención neonatal en la ciudad. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una mortalidad general de 59 defunciones por 1000 recién nacidos y una mayor supervivencia mientras mayores fueran la edad gestacional y el peso al nacer. Otras variables que tuvieron un efecto significativo en la supervivencia fueron la presencia de antecedentes obstétricos maternos desfavorables (hijos mortinatos o muertes neonatales previas, o dos o más abortos espontáneos; asfixia al nacer (Apgar <7 a los 5 minutos; síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria; infecciones

Therapies for neonates with congenital malformations admitted to a neonatal unit

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Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão Cardoso

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to characterize the treatments applied to newborns with congenital malformation hospitalized in a neonatal unit and to identify whether there is an association among the treatments used and the type of malformation. A descriptive, prospective and quantitative study was developed in a public institution in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected using the medical records of 30 neonates with congenital malformations. The incidence of malformations was higher among females, regardless of the mother’s age, gestational age or weight at birth; malformations of the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems prevailed. The treatments used varied according to the clinical evolution of the neonate. The data collected did not present statistical significance when associated with the variable of congenital malformation and the treatments used (p>0.05. The treatments are not directly related to the type of malformation, but to the clinical condition of the neonate.

Intraoperative fluid therapy in neonates

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Differences from adults and children in physiology and anatomy of neonates inform our ... is based on energy expenditure indexed to bodyweight.2 Energy ... fragile and poorly keratinised.5 ... neonates means that very conservative fluid regimes in neonates ..... I make an estimation of insensible loss from the skin, viscera,.

Características epidemiológicas de la mortalidad neonatal en el Perú, 2011-2012

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Jeannette Ávila

Full Text Available Objetivos. Describir las características epidemiológicas de las defunciones neonatales en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo basado en notificaciones al Subsistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Perinatal y Neonatal (SNVEPN realizadas en los años 2011-2012. Se aplicó el método de captura y recaptura para calcular el subregistro de la notificación y estimar la tasa de mortalidad neonatal (TMN nacional y por departamentos. Se respondieron las preguntas dónde, cuándo, quiénes y por qué fallecen los recién nacidos (RN. Resultados. Se notificaron al SNVEPN 6748 defunciones neonatales, subregistro 52,9%. Se estimó una TMN nacional de 12,8 muertes/1000 nacidos vivos. Se encontró que 16% de las defunciones ocurrieron en domicilio y de estas 74,2% fueron en la región sierra, con predominio de zonas rurales y distritos pobres. El 30% falleció en las primeras 24 horas y el 42% entre los días 1 y 7 de vida. El 60,6% fueron RN prematuros y un 39,4% fueron RN de término. El 37% tuvieron peso normal, el 29,4% bajo peso y un 33,6%, muy bajo peso. La mortalidad neonatal evitable fue 33% siendo mayor en la zona urbana y sierra. El 25,1% falleció por causas relacionadas con la prematuridad-inmaturidad; 23,5% por infecciones; 14,1% por asfixia y causas relacionadas con la atención del parto y 11% por malformación congénita letal. Conclusiones. La mortalidad neonatal en el Perú es diferenciado por escenarios; mientras en la costa predominan los daños relacionados con prematuridad- inmaturidad, la sierra y selva registran mayor mortalidad neonatal evitable con predominancia de asfixia e infecciones

Neonatal Tele-Homecare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Kristina Garne

Neonatal homecare (NH) implies that parents manage tube feeding and care of their preterm infant at home supported by home visits from neonatal nurses, to monitor infant growth and the well-being of the family. Home visits are costly and time consuming in rural areas. The overall aim of this study...

[Neonatal tumours and congenital malformations].

Science.gov (United States)

Berbel Tornero, O; Ortega García, J A; Ferrís i Tortajada, J; García Castell, J; Donat i Colomer, J; Soldin, O P; Fuster Soler, J L

2008-06-01

The association between pediatric cancer and congenital abnormalities is well known but, there is no exclusive data on the neonatal period and the underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms are unknown. First, to analyze the frequency of neonatal tumours associated with congenital abnormalities; and second, to comment on the likely etiopathogenic hypotheses of a relationship between neonatal tumours and congenital abnormalities. Historical series of neonatal tumours from La Fe University Children's Hospital in Valencia (Spain), from January 1990 to December 1999. Histological varieties of neonatal tumours and associated congenital abnormalities were described. A systematic review of the last 25 years was carried out using Medline, Cancerlit, Index Citation Science and Embase. The search profile used was the combination of "neonatal/congenital-tumors/cancer/neoplasms" and "congenital malformations/birth defects". 72 neonatal tumours were identified (2.8% of all pediatric cancers diagnosed in our hospital) and in 15 cases (20.8%) there was some associated malformation, disease or syndrome. The association between congenital abnormalities and neonatal tumours were: a) angiomas in three patients: two patients with congenital heart disease with a choanal stenosis, laryngomalacia; b) neuroblastomas in two patients: horseshoe kidney with vertebral anomalies and other with congenital heart disease; c) teratomas in two patients: one with cleft palate with vertebral anomalies and other with metatarsal varus; d) one tumour of the central nervous system with Bochdaleck hernia; e) heart tumours in four patients with tuberous sclerosis; f) acute leukaemia in one patient with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease; g) kidney tumour in one case with triventricular hydrocephaly, and h) adrenocortical tumour: hemihypertrophy. The publications included the tumours diagnosed in different pediatric periods and without unified criteria to classify the congenital abnormalities. Little data

Response and survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients not candidates to transplantation treated with azacitidine versus palliative treatment: a retrospective study

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Mauricio Sarmiento Maldonado

2015-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN La leucemia mieloide aguda tiene una alta mortalidad sin tratamiento. El trasplante hematopoyético es la única estrategia curativa hasta ahora. Los pacientes que tienen contraindicaciones para el trasplante, pueden ser tratados con fármacos hipometilantes que han mostrado mejorar la sobrevida libre de enfermedad y sobrevida global. OBJETIVOS Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con síndrome mielodisplásico avanzado y leucemia mieloide aguda, las respuestas logradas y efectos adversos del tratamiento con el fármaco hipometilante. MÉTODOS Este reporte muestra nuestra experiencia en 38 pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda tratados con azacitidina o con tratamiento paliativo. RESULTADOS La azacitidina permitió alargar la sobrevida en 80% de los pacientes con alta incidencia de efectos adversos y afectación de la calidad de vida. La mayoría de los pacientes tratados con intención paliativa, fallecieron en el primer mes post diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES La azacitidina permite prolongar la sobrevida, pero con efectos adversos considerables.

Lipid profile in neonates Perfil lipídico en neonatos

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María Luisa Bravo Aguiar

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Serum lipid profile was evaluated in cord blood from 101 neonates (41 males and 60 females from low income families, attending Hospital San Vicente de Paúl. in Medellín, Colombia; comparisons were made with results from other populations. Mean values for serum total cholesterol (TC were 71.4 and 77.1 mg/dl in males and females respectively, and those for triglycerides were 43.4 and 39.0 mg/dl; these differences were not significant; in contrast. mean HDl-cholesterol (HDl-C levels were significantly different: 26.7 in males vs 31.0 mg/dl in females (p = 0.0037. Females had a lower TC/HDl-C ratio than males (2.6 vs 2.9, p = 0.027. Serum concentrations of lipids in our sample reached only 50% of school-age children levels and were similar to those reported from neonates of caucasian North American and European populations. both western and eastern. But somewhat different from those of North American black children. Results of this study might become reference levels of serum lipids from low income neonates in this colombian region. Se evalúa el perfillipídico de 101 neo natos de ambos sexos, de la Sección de Clasificados Económicos del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín, y se comparan los resultados con los valores encontrados en otras poblaciones. Las detenl1inaciones se realizaron en sangre del cordón umbilical. El valor promedio del colesterol total (CT en varones fue de 71.4 mg/dl y en mujeres de 77 .1 mg/dl y el de los triglicéridos (TG 43.4 mg/dl y de 39.0 mg/dl respectivamente; no hubo en estas detenl1inaciones diferencias significativas entre los sexos. El colesterol de alta densidad (c-HDL fue de 26.7 mg/dl para varones y de 31.0 mg/dl para las mujeres (p = 0.0037 y el promedio de la relación CT/c-HDL fue de 2.9 y de 2.6, significativamente menor en las mujeres (p = 0.027. Las concentraciones de CT y TG apenas alcanzan un 50% de los valores establecidos para la edad escolar y son similares a las encontradas

Superdosagem da vacina 17DD contra febre amarela, em uma região do sul do Brasil

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Marcelo Carneiro

2011-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A febre amarela é uma arbovirose prevenível por uma vacina eficaz e segura. MÉTODOS: Acompanhamento clínico prospectivo de 49 pessoas que receberam uma superdosagem equivocada de vacina contra febre amarela, durante o surto de 2009, em uma localidade rural do Vale do Rio Pardo, no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. RESULTADOS: Durante os 45 dias de acompanhamento clínico, em apenas 1 (2,1% caso houve a manifestação de um possível viscerotropismo agudo leve, como evento adverso pós-vacinal. CONCLUSÕES: No grupo de pessoas acompanhadas, após a superdosagem de vacina antiamarílica, percebeu-se a quase total inexistência de eventos adversos.

Neonatal mortality in Utah.

Science.gov (United States)

Woolley, F R; Schuman, K L; Lyon, J L

1982-09-01

A cohort study of neonatal mortality (N = 106) in white singleton births (N = 14,486) in Utah for January-June 1975 was conducted. Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices, i.e., tobacco and alcohol abstinence, differential neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The influence of potential confounding factors was evaluated. Low activity LDS members were found to have an excess risk of neonatal death five times greater than high activity LDS, with an upper bound of a two-sided 95% confidence interval of 7.9. The data consistently indicate a lower neonatal mortality rate for active LDS members. Non-LDS were found to have a lower rate than either medium or low activity LDS.

Validação da curva normal de peso fetal estimado pela ultra-sonografia para o diagnóstico do peso neonatal Validity of the normal fetal weight curve estimated by ultrasound for diagnosis of neonatal weight

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José Guilherme Cecatti

2003-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a concordância entre o peso fetal estimado (PFE por ultra-sonografia e o neonatal, o desempenho da curva normal de PFE por idade gestacional no diagnóstico de desvios do peso fetal/neonatal e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 186 grávidas atendidas de novembro de 1998 a janeiro de 2000, com avaliação ultra-sonográfica até 3 dias antes do parto, determinação do PFE e do índice de líquido amniótico e parto na instituição. O PFE foi calculado e classificado de acordo com a curva de valores normais de PFE em: pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG, adequado para a idade gestacional (AIG e grande para a idade gestacional (GIG. A mesma classificação foi feita para o peso neonatal. A variabilidade das medidas e o grau de correlação linear entre o PFE e o peso neonatal foram calculados, bem como a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos para o uso da curva de valores normais de PFE para o diagnóstico dos desvios do peso neonatal. RESULTADOS: diferença entre o PFE e o peso neonatal variou entre -540 e +594 g, com média de +47,1 g, e as duas medidas apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,94. A curva normal de PFE teve sensibilidade de 100% e especificidade de 90,5% em detectar PIG ao nascimento, e de 94,4 e 92,8%, respectivamente, em detectar GIG, porém os valores preditivos positivos foram baixos para ambos. CONCLUSÕES: a estimativa ultra-sonográfica do peso fetal foi concordante com o peso neonatal, superestimando-o em apenas cerca de 47 g e a curva do PFE teve bom desempenho no rastreamento diagnóstico de recém-nascidos PIG e GIG.PURPOSE: tocompare the ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW with neonatal weight and to evaluate the performance of the normal EFW curve according to gestational age for the diagnosis of fetal/neonatal weight deviation and associated factors. METHODS: one hundred and eighty-six pregnant women who delivered at the institution from

Neonatal mortality: description and effect of hospital of birth after risk adjustment Mortalidade neonatal: descrição e efeito do hospital de nascimento após ajuste de risco

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Aluísio J D Barros

2008-02-01

hospitais, cemitérios e cartórios. Dois pediatras classificaram a causa básica da morte, de forma independente, a partir de informações obtidas no prontuário hospitalar e em entrevista com a família. Usou-se regressão logística para estimar o efeito do hospital de nascimento, controlando para variáveis de confusão relacionadas a características maternas e do recém-nascido. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade neonatal foi de 12,7‰. O risco esteve fortemente influenciado pelo peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e variáveis socioeconômicas. Imaturidade foi responsável por 65% das mortes neonatais, seguida por anomalias congênitas, infecções e asfixia intraparto. Ajustando para características maternas, foi observado um risco relativo igual a três para hospitais de mesmo nível de complexidade. O risco relativo diminuiu, mas persistiu, após controle para características do recém-nascido. CONCLUSÕES: A mortalidade neonatal variou entre hospitais e foi alta, principalmente relacionada à imaturidade. Para entender a fonte de variação da mortalidade neonatal e reduzir sua ocorrência é necessária uma avaliação aprofundada e comparativas com as práticas de cuidado entre hospitais.

Fatores de risco para mortalidade neonatal em crianças com baixo peso ao nascer Factores de riesgo para mortalidad neonatal en niños con bajo peso al nacer Risk factors for neonatal mortality among children with low birth weight

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Adolfo Monteiro Ribeiro

2009-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores de risco associados aos óbitos neonatais em crianças com baixo peso ao nascer. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte, composto pelos nascidos vivos com peso entre 500 g e 2.499 g, residentes no Recife (PE, entre 2001 e 2003, produtos de gestação única e sem anencefalia. Os dados sobre os 5.687 nascidos vivos e 499 óbitos neonatais, provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, foram integrados pela técnica de linkage. Em modelo hierarquizado, as variáveis dos níveis distal (fatores socioeconômicos, intermediário (fatores de atenção à saúde e proximal (fatores biológicos foram submetidas à análise univariada e regressão logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: Com o ajuste das variáveis na regressão logística multivariada, as variáveis do nível distal que permaneceram significantemente associadas com o óbito neonatal foram: a coabitação dos pais, número de filhos vivos e tipo de hospital de nascimento; no nível intermediário: número de consultas no pré-natal, complexidade do hospital de nascimento e tipo de parto; e no nível proximal: sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, índice de Apgar e presença de malformação congênita. CONCLUSÕES: Os principais fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal nos nascidos vivos com baixo peso estão relacionados com a atenção à gestante e ao recém-nascido, redutíveis pela atuação do setor saúde.OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a los óbitos neonatales en niños con bajo peso al nacer. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte, compuesto por los nacidos vivos con peso entre 500 g y 2.499 g, residentes en Recife (Noreste de Brasil, entre 2001 y 2003, productos de gestación única y sin anencefalia. Los datos sobre los 5.687 nacidos vivos y 499 óbitos neonatales, provenientes del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos y del Sistema de

Predictors of positive blood culture and deaths among neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza- Tanzania

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Jeremiah Seni

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Appropriate clinical diagnosis and empirical treatment in a given setting is crucial as pathogens of bacterial sepsis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern can considerably vary in different settings. This study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC, Tanzania to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, predictors of positive blood culture, deaths and antimicrobial susceptibility, thus providing essential information to formulate a policy for management of neonatal sepsis. Methods This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 300 neonates admitted at BMC neonatal unit between March and November 2009. Standard data collection form was used to collect all demographic data and clinical characteristics of neonates. Blood culture was done on Brain Heart Infusion broth followed by identification of isolates using conventional methods and testing for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. Results Among 770 neonates admitted during the study period; 300 (38.9% neonates were diagnosed to have neonatal sepsis by WHO criteria. Of 300 neonates with clinical neonatal sepsis 121(40% and 179(60% had early and late onset sepsis respectively. Positive blood culture was found in 57 (47.1% and 92 (51.4% among neonates with early and late onset neonatal sepsis respectively (p = 0.466. Predictors of positive blood culture in both early and late onset neonatal sepsis were inability to feed, lethargy, cyanosis, meconium stained liquor, premature rupture of the membrane and convulsion. About 49% of gram negatives isolates were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and 28% of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA. Deaths occurred in 57 (19% of neonates. Factors that predicted deaths were positive blood culture (p = 0.0001, gram negative sepsis (p = 0.0001 and

NEONATAL TOBACCO SYNDROME

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R.A.Kireev

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of the research is to study neonatal adaptation in new-born children from the tobacco abused mothers. A comparative analysis of clinical and neuroendochnal status and lipid metabolism in new-born children from smoking and non-smoking mothers was carried out Neonatal adaptation disorders were revealed in new-born children from the smoking mothers.

Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Kematian Neonatal

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Desy Fitri Yani

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Indonesia bersama seluruh negara berkembang berupaya mencapai kesepakatan Millenium Development Goals (MDGs dengan salah satu sasaran menurunkan angka kematian neonatal dari 20 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup menjadi 15 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dengan kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Lampung Timur tahun 2011. Penelitian dengan desain studi kasus kontrol ini mengamati kasus ibu yang mengalami kematian neonatal dan kontrol ibu yang tidak mengalami kematian neonatal. Analisis multivariat menemukan pelayanan antenatal dan pertolongan persalinan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kematian neonatal, setelah mengendalikan variabel umur ibu dan riwayat kehamilan (OR = 16,32; nilai p = 0,000; dan (OR = 18,36; nilai p = 0,31. Bayi yang dilahirkan dari Ibu dengan pelayanan antenatal tidak lengkap berisiko mengalami kematian neonatal 16,32 dan 18,36 kali lebih besar daripada bayi yang dilahirkan. Ibu dengan pelayanan antenatal lengkap dan penolong persalinan profesional. Tidak ada hubungan penolong persalinan dengan kematian neonatal, setelah mengontrol variabel pelayanan antenatal, umur ibu, riwayat kehamilan, riwayat penyakit, dan riwayat persalinan. Disarankan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal dengan memerhatikan faktor umur ibu dan riwayat persalinan, mengembangkan kegiatan audit maternal perinatal serta meningkatkan keterampilan petugas penolong persalinan. All developing countries including Indonesia seek to reach agreement the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s. It is objectives include reducing neonatal mortality by 25 percent from 20 per 1,000 live birth to 15 per 1,000 live births. This study aimed to determine the relationship of maternal health services with neonatal mortality in East Lampung District in 2011. This study used case control design to compare between the groups of mother whom have neonatal deaths (cases and neonatal life (control in East Lampung District in

Interpretation of neonatal chest radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Hye Kyung

2016-01-01

Plain radiographs for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are obtained using the portable X-ray equipment in order to evaluate the neonatal lungs and also to check the position of the tubes and catheters used for monitoring critically-ill neonates. Neonatal respiratory distress is caused by a variety of medical or surgical disease conditions. Clinical information about the gestational week, respiratory symptoms, and any events during delivery is essential for interpretation of the neonatal chest radiographs. Awareness of common chest abnormality in the prematurely born or term babies is also very important for chest evaluation in the newborn. Furthermore, knowledge about complications such as air leaks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia following treatment are required to accurately inform the clinicians. The purpose of this article was to briefly review radiographic findings of chest diseases in newborns that are relatively common in daily practice

Interpretation of neonatal chest radiography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoon, Hye Kyung [Dept. of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

Plain radiographs for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are obtained using the portable X-ray equipment in order to evaluate the neonatal lungs and also to check the position of the tubes and catheters used for monitoring critically-ill neonates. Neonatal respiratory distress is caused by a variety of medical or surgical disease conditions. Clinical information about the gestational week, respiratory symptoms, and any events during delivery is essential for interpretation of the neonatal chest radiographs. Awareness of common chest abnormality in the prematurely born or term babies is also very important for chest evaluation in the newborn. Furthermore, knowledge about complications such as air leaks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia following treatment are required to accurately inform the clinicians. The purpose of this article was to briefly review radiographic findings of chest diseases in newborns that are relatively common in daily practice.

Radiation doses and risks to neonates undergoing common radiographic examinations in the neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McParland, B.J.; Lee, R.

1996-01-01

Neonates in the-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can receive large numbers of radiographs owing to the clinical conditions they may present. More neonatal radiation dosimetry data are required for three fundamental reasons: (1.) to aid in the establishment of reference dose levels for interinstitutional comparisons; (2.) to improve childhood cancer risk estimates following neonatal exposure; and (3.) to indicate appropriate directions for dose reduction. This paper describes an investigation of two different NICU radiological techniques with significantly different neonate doses. While patient-matched images taken with both techniques were assessed in a blind review, this component of the study is beyond the scope of this paper and is not discussed here. (author)

Avaliação do perfil metabólico, nutricional e efeitos adversos de crianças com epilepsia refratária em uso da dieta cetogênica

OpenAIRE

Rizzutti,Sueli; Ramos,Ana Maria Figueiredo; Cintra,Isa de Pádua; Muszkat,Mauro; Gabbai,Alberto Alain

2006-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos adversos, o perfil metabólico e o crescimento pôndero-estatural de crianças com crises epilépticas de difícil controle, as quais foram submetidas a dieta cetogênica. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 23 pacientes na faixa etária de 2 até 17 anos com epilepsia de difícil controle medicamentoso, sendo 43,5% (n=10) do sexo masculino e 56,5% (n=13) do sexo feminino, provenientes do Setor de Neuropediatria da Disciplina de Neurologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram ...

RISK FACTORS IN NEONATAL ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS

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M. S. Tabib

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Anaerobic bacteria are well known causes of sepsis in adults but there are few studies regarding their role in neonatal sepsis. In an attempt to define the incidence of neonatal anaerobic infections a prospective study was performed during one year period. A total number of 400 neonates under sepsis study were entered this investigation. Anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures were sent. The patients were subjected to comparison in two groups: anaerobic culture positive and anaerobic culture negative and this comparison were analyzed statistically. There were 7 neonates with positive anaerobic culture and 35 neonates with positive aerobic culture. A significant statistical relationship was found between anaerobic infections and abdominal distention and pneumonia. It is recommended for those neonates with abdominal distention and pneumonia refractory to antibiotic treatment to be started on antibiotics with anaerobic coverage.

Eventos adversos pós-vacinação contra influenza pandêmica A (H1N1 2009 em crianças Adverse events following vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1 2009 in children

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Gisele Nepomuceno de Andrade

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a frequência e os fatores associados à ocorrência de eventos adversos pós-vacinação contra a influenza pandêmica A (H1N1 2009 em crianças com idade entre seis meses e dois anos. Participaram do estudo 156 crianças. Modelos multivariados de regressão de Cox foram construídos para avaliar a associação independente de cada covariável e a queixa de pelo menos um evento adverso. A força da associação foi medida pela hazard ratio e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Após a primeira dose, foi relatado algum tipo de evento adverso por 40,3% dos participantes e, após a segunda, por 35,5%. Os eventos sistêmicos foram mais frequentes que os locais, destaque para irritabilidade, diarreia e febre. As incidências de eventos adversos, no geral e sistêmicos, após a primeira dose, foram maiores nas crianças com doença concomitante/alergia em relação àquelas sem o agravo (HR = 3,43; IC95%: 1,34-8,77 e HR = 2,76; IC95%: 1,11-6,89. A maioria dos eventos foi de intensidade leve. Febre alta, vômito e diarreia motivaram a busca por serviços de saúde.The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of adverse events following vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1 2009 and associated factors in children from six months to two years of age (n = 156. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the independent associations between covariates and complaints of at least one adverse event. Strength of association was measured by hazard ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals. Following the first dose, 40.3% of parents reported one or more adverse events in their children, compared to 35.5% after the second dose. Systemic adverse events, specifically irritation, diarrhea, and fever, were more frequent than local reactions at the vaccination site. Incidence rates for adverse events in general and systemic reactions following the first dose were higher in children with

AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DO ABANDONO DA ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL NA MORTALIDADE FETAL E NEONATAL

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Raimundo Nonato Silva Gomes

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do abandono da assistência pré-natal na mortalidade fetal e neonatal. Métodos: Estudo avaliativo, descritivo–exploratório, de cunho documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado de outubro a novembro de 2014. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados, 400 declarações de óbitos e 400 fichas de investigação de óbitos fetais e neonatais, ocorridos e notificados nos anos de 2010 a 2013. Foram analisados por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, para obtenção das frequências absolutas e relativas, variáveis nominais e numéricas e Qui-quadrado de Person. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (CAAE 26463814.2.0000.5554. Resultados: Quando avaliado a correlação entre o abandono do pré-natal e a mortalidade fetal e neonatal, observou-se que a mortalidade de fetos/neonatos de genitoras que abandonaram o pré-natal foi um evento crescente. Conclusão: Pôde-se confirmar a influência direta do abandono do pré-natal na mortalidade fetal e neonatal.

Infección neonatal: comportamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos Neonatal infection: behavior in an intensive care unit

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Osmany Franco Argote

2010-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar a los recién nacidos con sepsis atendidos en cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital «América Arias» en un período de 2 años. MÉTODOS. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, observacional, descriptiva y retrospectiva. El universo estuvo constituido por 214 neonatos. Las variables estudiadas fueron condiciones neonatales, manifestaciones clínicas de sepsis, gravedad, alteraciones humorales y antecedentes de procedimientos intervencionistas. Se hicieron combinaciones de algunas variables y se halló el valor de p para compararlas en neonatos con sepsis no grave o con sepsis grave. RESULTADOS. En el grupo estudiado la prematuridad, el bajo peso y el crecimiento intrauterino retardado alcanzaron cifras del 49,1 %, 42,1 % y 18,7 % respectivamente. El 72,9 % de los pacientes tuvo sepsis grave. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron taquipnea (69,2 % y llenado capilar lento (57,9 %. La alteración humoral más frecuente fue la acidosis metabólica (63,6 % y el cateterismo umbilical fue el procedimiento intervencionista más frecuente (53,7 %. Predominaron las combinaciones de prematuridad y bajo peso (21,5 %, acidosis metabólica y neutrofilia (22 %, y asistencia respiratoria con cateterismo umbilical (21 % o epicutáneo (20,6 %. El valor de p fue de 0,001 entre pacientes con sepsis no grave y pacientes con sepsis grave en todas las combinaciones de intervencionismo, y no significativo en la combinación prematuro-bajo peso-crecimiento intrauterino retardado (CIUR. CONCLUSIONES. Hubo predominio de prematuridad, sepsis grave, taquipnea, cateterismo umbilical y acidosis metabólica. Las diferencias entre pacientes con sepsis no grave y con sepsis grave fueron significativas en todas las combinaciones de intervencionismo y de condición neonatal, pero no en la combinación prematuro-bajo peso-CIUR.INTRODUCTION. The aim of present study was to characterize the newborns

Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia.

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Titaley, Christiana R; Dibley, Michael J; Agho, Kingsley; Roberts, Christine L; Hall, John

2008-07-09

Neonatal mortality accounts for almost 40 per cent of under-five child mortality, globally. An understanding of the factors related to neonatal mortality is important to guide the development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia, for a nationally representative sample of births from 1997 to 2002. The data source for the analysis was the 2002-2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from which survival information of 15,952 singleton live-born infants born between 1997 and 2002 was examined. Multilevel logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths, using community, socio-economic status and proximate determinants. At the community level, the odds of neonatal death was significantly higher for infants from East Java (OR = 5.01, p = 0.00), and for North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi and Gorontalo combined (OR = 3.17, p = 0.03) compared to the lowest neonatal mortality regions of Bali, South Sulawesi and Jambi provinces. A progressive reduction in the odds was found as the percentage of deliveries assisted by trained delivery attendants in the cluster increased. The odds of neonatal death were higher for infants born to both mother and father who were employed (OR = 1.84, p = 0.00) and for infants born to father who were unemployed (OR = 2.99, p = 0.02). The odds were also higher for higher rank infants with a short birth interval (OR = 2.82, p = 0.00), male infants (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01), smaller than average-sized infants (OR = 2.80, p = 0.00), and infant's whose mother had a history of delivery complications (OR = 1.81, p = 0.00). Infants receiving any postnatal care were significantly protected from neonatal death (OR = 0.63, p = 0.03). Public health interventions directed at reducing neonatal death should address community, household and individual level factors

NEONATAL CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ITS DRUG SENSITIVITY PATTERN

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Kavitha Thulukkanam

2017-05-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Neonatal conjunctivitis is eye discharge in neonates and it is a common infection in neonates in the first month of life. Worldwide, the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis varies from 1% to 33% depending on the socioeconomic status of the people in the region. In India, the incidence varies from region to region from 0.9 to 35%. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single center prospective study. All neonates of age 0-30 days delivered and referred from neonatal ward of Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital with complaints of eye swelling, redness, conjunctival discharge to the eye department for treatment are included in the study. RESULTS In this study, age group from 0-7 days were most commonly affected by neonatal conjunctivitis. Both eyes were commonly affected together. Neonates born by both LSCS and normal vaginal delivery were almost equally affected. The most common organism found in culture and Gram staining was staphylococci. CONCLUSION Neonatal conjunctivitis is more likely to be acquired postnatally. It acquires during the 1 st week and responds well to local application of antibiotics, which covers common causative bacteria.

Neonatal tetanus mortality in coastal Kenya

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerregaard, P; Steinglass, R; Mutie, D M

1993-01-01

In a house-to-house survey in Kilifi District, Kenya, mothers of 2556 liveborn children were interviewed about neonatal mortality, especially from neonatal tetanus (NNT). The crude birth rate was 60.5 per 1000 population, the neonatal mortality rate 21.1 and the NNT mortality rate 3.1 per 1000 li...... indicates that over the past decade the surveyed area has greatly reduced neonatal and NNT mortality. Possible strategies for accelerated NNT control have been identified by the survey....

Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality.

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Chang, Alvin S M; Berry, Andrew; Jones, Lisa J; Sivasangari, Subramaniam

2015-10-28

Maternal antenatal transfers provide better neonatal outcomes. However, there will inevitably be some infants who require acute transport to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Because of this, many institutions develop services to provide neonatal transport by specially trained health personnel. However, few studies report on relevant clinical outcomes in infants requiring transport to NICU. To determine the effects of specialist transport teams compared with non-specialist transport teams on the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity among high-risk newborn infants requiring transport to neonatal intensive care. We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1966 to 31 July 2015), EMBASE (1980 to 31 July 2015), CINAHL (1982 to 31 July 2015), conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. randomised, quasi-randomised or cluster randomised controlled trials. neonates requiring transport to a neonatal intensive care unit. transport by a specialist team compared to a non-specialist team. any of the following outcomes - death; adverse events during transport leading to respiratory compromise; and condition on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using the information provided in the studies and by personal communication with the author. Data on relevant outcomes were extracted and the effect size estimated and reported as risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) or number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes. Data from cluster randomised trials were not combined for analysis. One trial met the inclusion criteria of this review but was considered ineligible owing to

Impacto das malformações congênitas na mortalidade perinatal e neonatal em uma maternidade-escola do Recife Impact of congenital malformations on perinatal and neonatal mortality in an university maternity hospital in Recife

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Melania Maria Ramos de Amorim

2006-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: determinar a incidência de malformações congênitas em recém-nascidos assistidos em uma maternidade-escola de Recife e avaliar o impacto destas malformações na mortalidade perinatal e neonatal. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo longitudinal durante os meses de setembro de 2004 a maio de 2005, analisando-se todos os partos assistidos no Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP. Determinou-se a freqüência e o tipo de malformações congênitas e foram calculados os coeficientes de mortalidade fetal, mortalidade perinatal, mortalidade neonatal precoce e tardia. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de malformações foi de 2,8% (em 4043 nascimentos. O percentual de malformações entre os nativivos foi de 2,7%, e entre os natimortos foi de 6,7%. Dentre as malformações, as mais freqüentes foram as do sistema nervoso central (principalmente hidrocefalia e meningomielocele, as do sistema osteomuscular e as cardiopatias. Não houve associação entre malformações e sexo, porém a freqüência de prematuridade e baixo peso foi maior entre os casos de malformações. Constatou-se, entre os malformados, mortalidade neonatal precoce de 32,7% e tardia de 10,6%. Os casos de malformações representaram 6,7% dos natimortos, 24,2% das mortes neonatais precoces e 25,8% do total de mortes neonatais. CONCLUSÕES: a freqüência de malformações correspondeu a 2,8% dos nascimentos. As malformações representaram a segunda causa mais freqüente de mortes neonatais, depois da prematuridade.OBJECTIVES: to determine the incidence of congenital malformations in newborns in a university maternity hospital in Recife and assess the impact of malformation in perinatal and neonatal mortality. METHODS: a longitudinal study was performed from September 2004 to May 2005 with all deliveries at the Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP analyzed. The type and incidence of congenital malformations were determined, and fetal mortality

Correction of Neonatal Hypovolemia

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V. V. Moskalev

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxyethyl starch solution (6% refortane, Berlin-Chemie versus fresh frozen plasma used to correct neonatal hypovolemia.Materials and methods. In 12 neonatal infants with hypoco-agulation, hypovolemia was corrected with fresh frozen plasma (10 ml/kg body weight. In 13 neonates, it was corrected with 6% refortane infusion in a dose of 10 ml/kg. Doppler echocardiography was used to study central hemodynamic parameters and Doppler study was employed to examine regional blood flow in the anterior cerebral and renal arteries.Results. Infusion of 6% refortane and fresh frozen plasma at a rate of 10 ml/hour during an hour was found to normalize the parameters of central hemodynamics and regional blood flow.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the findings suggests that 6% refortane is the drug of choice in correcting neonatal hypovolemia. Fresh frozen plasma should be infused in hemostatic disorders. 

Phototherapy and exchange transfusion for neonatal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The purpose of this document is to address the current lack of consensus regarding the management of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates in South Africa. If left untreated, severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia may cause kernicterus and ultimately death and the severity of neonatal jaundice is often underestimated clinically.

Valor predictivo de algunos exámenes de laboratorio clínico en la infección neonatal bacteriana precoz Prognostic value of some clinical laboratory examinations related to an early bacterial neonatal infection

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Tania Roig Álvarez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección neonatal de inicio precoz es complejo. En la mayoría de los recién nacidos se inicia el tratamiento ante la sospecha clínica y la positividad de algunos reactantes de fase aguda y el hemograma. MÉTODOS. Se analizó el valor predictivo utilizando como método de referencia el hemocultivo periférico o el hallazgo anatomopatológico de infección de algunos exámenes de laboratorio clínico de forma aislada. El estudio se realizó en el total de los casos, 32 neonatos con infección de inicio precoz probada y probable, y por localización de la infección. RESULTADOS. Ni la proteína C-reactiva positiva ni las alteraciones de los leucocitos totales fueron buenos predictores de sepsis de inicio precoz de cualquier localización. La trombocitopenia impresionó ser un marcador competente pero no resultó así al calcular el intervalo de confianza al 95 %. Al excluir la localización pulmonar, la proteína C-reactiva positiva se convirtió en un marcador competente. Ninguno de los neonatos con infección pulmonar probada tuvo resultados positivos en los exámenes clínicos realizados. CONCLUSIONES. No se cuenta de momento con ninguna prueba de laboratorio clínico capaz de predecir con certeza la presencia de infección de inicio precoz de cualquier localización. La proteína C-reactiva cualitativa es un marcador competente de infección precoz del torrente sanguíneo y de meninges en los neonatos.INTRODUCTION: Microbiological diagnosis of neonatal infection of early onset is complex. In most of newborns diagnosis is started if there is a clinical suspicion and the positivity of some acute-phase reactants and the hemogran. METHODS: Prognostic value was analyzed using as reference method the peripheral hemoculture or the pathological anatomy findings of infection in some of clinical laboratory examinations in an isolated way. Study was performed in all the cases, in 32 neonates

Aspectos clínicos da fenilcetonúria em serviço de referência em triagem neonatal da Bahia Clinical aspects of phenylketonuria in a reference service for neonatal screening in Bahia

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Tatiana Amorim

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: descrever as características clínicas dos pacientes com hiperfenilalaninemia acompanhados no Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal (SRTN do estado da Bahia. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo transversal, tendo como amostra todos os pacientes com diagnóstico conhecido de Hiperfenilalaninemia residentes no estado da Bahia e acompanhados no SRTN até setembro de 2005. Tal população é composta de 46 famílias, num total de 51 pacientes. A análise dos dados foi descritiva, incluindo medidas de tendência central e dispersão. RESULTADOS: houve discreto predomínio do gênero feminino (52,9%. A maioria dos pacientes (78,4% teve seu diagnóstico estabelecido através da triagem neonatal, tendo, portanto, tratamento precoce. Consangüinidade foi registrada em 32,6% das famílias. A média de início do tratamento entre os pacientes diagnosticados pela triagem neonatal foi de 56,6 37,8 dias, enquanto que entre os pacientes com diagnóstico tardio, foi de 7,1 anos. CONCLUSÕES: o estudo descreve um grupo de pacientes representativo de uma patologia incluída no Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN, sendo, portanto, de relevância para a saúde pública. Entre os dados clínicos, chama a atenção a média de idade do início do tratamento, superior ao recomendado na literatura, alertando para a necessidade de um maior enfoque no diagnóstico precoce.OBJECTIVES: to describe clinical aspects of hyper-phenylalaninemia in patients followed up on the Reference Service for Neonatal Screening (SRTN in the state of Bahia. METHODS: cross-sectional study that enrolled all patients living in the state of Bahia and followed up on the SRTN who had a definite diagnosis of hyper-phenylalaninemia prior to September, 2005. That population was made up of 46 families, with 51 patients. The analysis of data was descriptive, using measures of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: a discrete predominance of females was found (52.9%. Most patients

Role of massage therapy on reduction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term and preterm neonates: a review of clinical trials.

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Garg, Bhawan Deep; Kabra, Nandkishor S; Balasubramanian, Haribalakrishna

2017-09-13

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) is one of the leading causes of admissions in nursery throughout the world. It affects approximately 2.4-15% of neonates during the first 2 weeks of life. To evaluate the role of massage therapy for reduction of NNH in both term and preterm neonates. The literature search was done for various randomized control trials (RCTs) by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE. This review included total of 10 RCTs (two in preterm neonates and eight in term neonates) that fulfilled inclusion criteria. In most of the trials, Field massage was given. Six out of eight trials reported reduction in bilirubin levels in term neonates. However, only one trial (out of two) reported significant reduction in bilirubin levels in preterm neonates. Both trials in preterm neonates and most of the trials in term neonates (five trials) reported increased stool frequencies. Role of massage therapy in the management of NNH is supported by the current evidence. However, due to limitations of the trials, current evidences are not sufficient to use massage therapy for the management of NNH in routine practice.

Resultados neonatais no parto vaginal espontâneo comparados aos dos partos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em primíparas Neonatal outcome of spontaneous deliveries as compared to Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women

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Belmiro Gonçalves Pereira

2004-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar os resultados neonatais dos partos vaginais espontâneos ou assistidos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em nulíparas. MÉTODO: em estudo de corte retrospectivo foram avaliados dois grupos de primíparas atendidas no Centro Obstétrico do CAISM/UNICAMP, que tiveram parto vaginal sob analgesia epidural. O grupo fórcipe foi formado por 119 pacientes que tiveram parto a fórcipe de Simpson-Braun, e o grupo normal por 114 casos de parto vaginal espontâneo. Foram estudadas as variáveis neonatais imediatas como o estado do líquido amniótico e os índices de Apgar, assim como a evolução neonatal nos primeiros dias de vida. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes c², exato de Fisher e t de Student para comparação de médias e considerada significativa a diferença correspondente a pPURPOSE: to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between spontaneous vaginal and Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women. METHOD: a retrospective study including two groups of nulliparous women, who had vaginal delivery under peridural anesthesia in the obstetric unit of the CAISM-UNICAMP: the forceps group included 119 women who had Simpson-Braun forceps delivery, and the normal group included 114 women who delivered spontaneously. Neonatal outcomes, such as Apgar score and the evolution in the first days of life, were studied. Data were compared in both groups and, for statistical analysis, c² test, Fisher exact, and Student t tests were used. The differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: the indications for Simpson-Braun forceps delivery were maternal-fetal relief (90 cases and abbreviation of the expulsive period (29 cases. In the forceps group there were 8 cases (6.7% of vaginal injuries; a similar result was observed in the normal group. The number of hospitalization days for the parturient and the newborns was identical, 2.4 days. The newborns in the two groups had similar Apgar scores

Opinions regarding neonatal resuscitation training for the obstetric physician: a survey of neonatal and obstetric training program directors.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruno, C J; Johnston, L; Lee, C; Bernstein, P S; Goffman, D

2018-04-01

Our goal was to garner opinions regarding neonatal resuscitation training for obstetric physicians. We sought to evaluate obstacles to neonatal resuscitation training for obstetric physicians and possible solutions for implementation challenges. We distributed a national survey via email to all neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship directors and obstetrics & gynecology residency program directors in the United States. This survey was designed by a consensus method. Ninety-eight (53%) obstetric and fifty-seven (51%) neonatal program directors responded to our surveys. Eighty-eight percent of neonatologists surveyed believe that obstetricians should be neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) certified. The majority of surveyed obstetricians (>89%) believe that obstetricians should have some neonatal resuscitation training. Eighty-six percent of obstetric residents have completed training in NRP, but only 19% of obstetric attendings are NRP certified. Major barriers to NRP training that were identified include time, lack of national requirement, lack of belief it is helpful, and cost. Most obstetric attendings are not NRP certified, but the majority of respondents believe that obstetric providers should have some neonatal resuscitation training. Our study demonstrates that most respondents support a modified neonatal resuscitation course for obstetric physicians.

Impacto de la duración del tratamiento oncológico en los resultados a largo plazo

OpenAIRE

Polanco Paz, Mª del Mar

2017-01-01

Tesis Doctoral leída en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid en 2017. Directores de la Tesis: Carlos Jara Sánchez y Patricia Sanmartín Fenollera Introducción: El tratamiento excesivo de pacientes con cáncer es una práctica común. La quimioterapia con fines paliativos puede aliviar síntomas relacionados con la enfermedad, lo que implica una mejora en la calidad de vida del paciente, pero también puede conllevar la aparición de efectos adversos a nivel físico y/o psicológico. Lo...

Alterações do fluxo sanguíneo em artéria umbilical na síndrome hipertensiva gestacional e suas implicações nos resultados neonatais Changes of blood flow in the umbilical artery in hypertensive pregnancy and the implications in the neonatal outcomes

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Marta David Rocha de Moura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características antropométricas, a morbidade e mortalidade de recém-nascidos (RN prematuros nascidos vivos de mães hipertensas em função da presença ou não de diástole zero (DZ ou reversa (DR na doplervelocimetria arterial umbilical. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, envolvendo RN prematuros nascidos vivos de gestantes hipertensas, com idade gestacional entre 25 e 33 semanas, submetidas à doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical nos 5 dias que antecederam o parto, realizado no Hospital do Distrito Federal, entre 1º de novembro de 2009 e 31 de outubro de 2010. Os RN foram estratificados em dois grupos, conforme o resultado da doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical: Gdz/dr=presença de diástole zero (DZ ou diástole reversa (DR e Gn=doplervelocimetria normal. Medidas antropométricas ao nascimento, morbidades e mortalidade neonatal foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 92 RN, assim distribuídos: Gdz/dr=52 RN e Gn=40 RN. No Gdz/dr a incidência de RN pequenos para idade gestacional foi significativamente maior, com risco relativo de 2,5 (IC95% 1,7‒3,7. No grupo Gdz/dr os RN permaneceram mais tempo em ventilação mecânica mediana 2 (0‒28 e no Gn mediana 0,5 (0‒25, p=0,03. A necessidade de oxigênio aos 28 dias de vida foi maior no Gdz/dr do que no Gn (33 versus10%; p=0,01. A mortalidade neonatal foi maior em Gdz/dr do que em Gn (36 versus 10%; p=0,03; com risco relativo de 1,6; IC95% 1,2 - 2,2. Nessa amostra a regressão logística mostrou que a cada 100 gramas a menos de peso ao nascer no Gdz/dr a chance de óbito aumentou 6,7 vezes (IC95% 2,0 - 11,3; pPURPOSE: To evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of morbidity and mortality of premature newborns (NB of hypertensive mothers according to the presence or absence of flow (DZ or reverse (DR diastolic flow in the dopplervelocimetry of the umbilical artery. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on preterm newborns of

The effect of high risk pregnancy on duration of neonatal stay in neonatal intensive care unit.

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Afrasiabi, Narges; Mohagheghi, Parisa; Kalani, Majid; Mohades, Gholam; Farahani, Zahra

2014-08-01

High risk pregnancies increase the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In order to identify the influence of pregnancy complications on the period of neonatal stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), an analysis has been carried out in our center. In a cross-sectional-descriptive analytical study, the data including NICU length of stay was gathered from 526 medical records of neonates. We also assessed their maternal complications such as premature rapture of membranes (PROM), urinary tract infection (UTI), preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, and twin/triplet pregnancy. Finally we analyzed the relation between variables by SPSS statistics software version 19. The level of significance was considered PUTI (P=0.02), multiple gestation (P=0.03), and oligohydramnios (P=0.003). We found a positive correlation between numbers of gestation and length of NICU stay (P=0.03). A positive correlation existed between neonatal complication and length of NICU stay (P<0.001). By increasing maternal health level and prenatal care services, neonatal outcome can be improved and length of stay in NICUs decreased.

The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein

Science.gov (United States)

2018-01-01

Background Neonatal jaundice affects one in two infants globally. The jaundice is the result of an accumulation of bilirubin as foetal haemoglobin is metabolised by the immature liver. High serum levels of bilirubin result in lethargy, poor feeding and kernicterus of the infant. Aim The main aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and secondly to explore its risk factors in healthy term neonates. Setting Maternity ward, National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methods In this cross-sectional study, mothers and infants were conveniently sampled after delivery and before discharge. The mothers were interviewed and their case records were reviewed for risk factors for neonatal jaundice and the clinical appearance and bilirubin levels of the infants were measured with a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter. Results A total of 96 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies. Conclusion More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. As it is difficult to clinically diagnose neonatal jaundice in darker pigmented babies, it is recommended that the bilirubin level of all babies should be checked with a non-invasive bilirubin meter before discharge from hospital or maternity unit as well as during the first clinic visit on day 3 after birth.

Comparación de dos métodos diagnósticos de ictericia neonatal

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Ana Campo González

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la ictericia neonatal es uno de los síndromes más frecuentes de la neonatología. El tratamiento al recién nacido ictérico ha tenido históricamente diferentes guías para sus decisiones. Objetivo: establecer una comparación entre los métodos diagnósticos de la escala visual y la dosificación en sangre de la bilirrubina total en los recién nacidos. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal, en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente de Guanabacoa de enero a julio de 2008. La muestra estuvo constituida por 86 recién nacidos. Resultados: el mayor número de recién nacidos fueron a término y normopesos. Existió predominio de la zona IV de la escala visual de Kramer. El mayor número de casos tuvo valores de bilirrubina sérica entre 10-12 mg/dL. Conclusiones: existió relación entre ambos métodos de evaluación de la ictericia neonatal.

Bartter syndrome: presentation in an extremely premature neonate.

Science.gov (United States)

Flores, F X; Ojeda, F J; Calhoun, D A

2013-08-01

Reports of Bartter syndrome in premature neonates are rare. We describe the presentation and clinical course of a neonate born at 25.6 weeks estimated gestational age with polyuria, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypercalciuria ,who was diagnosed with neonatal Bartter syndrome. The evaluation, diagnosis and management of neonatal Bartter syndrome in this premature neonate are discussed.

Neonates with reduced neonatal lung function have systemic low-grade inflammation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chawes, Bo L.K.; Stokholm, Jakob; Bønnelykke, Klaus

2015-01-01

Background: Children and adults with asthma and impaired lung function have been reported to have low-grade systemic inflammation, but it is unknown whether this inflammation starts before symptoms and in particular whether low-grade inflammation is present in asymptomatic neonates with reduced...... lung function. ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the possible association between neonatal lung function and biomarkers of systemic inflammation.  Methods: Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 (IL-8) were measured at age 6 months in 300 children.......  Results: The neonatal forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds was inversely associated with hs-CRP (β-coefficient, −0.12; 95% CI, −0.21 to −0.04; P approach, including hs-CRP, IL-6...

Analysis of In-hospital Neonatal Death in the Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Chen-Hong Wang; Li-Zhong Du; Xiao-Lu Ma; Li-Ping Shi; Xiao-Mei Tong; Hong Liu; Guo-Fang Ding

2016-01-01

Background:Globally,the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41％.Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries.The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes,characteristics,and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.Methods:All the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January 1,2011,and December 31,2011.All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire.Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.Results:A total of 744 newborns died during the l-year survey,accounting for 1.2％ of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6％ of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals.Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3％ of all the death.The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection,respectively.In early neonate period,pulmonary diseases (56.5％) occupied the largest proportion ofpreterm deaths while infection (27％) and neurologic diseases (22％) were the two main causes of term deaths.In late neonate period,infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths.About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal.Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment,parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.Conclusions:Neonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age.Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants.Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age.Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical

Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia

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Agho Kingsley

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Neonatal mortality accounts for almost 40 per cent of under-five child mortality, globally. An understanding of the factors related to neonatal mortality is important to guide the development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia, for a nationally representative sample of births from 1997 to 2002. Methods The data source for the analysis was the 2002–2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from which survival information of 15,952 singleton live-born infants born between 1997 and 2002 was examined. Multilevel logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths, using community, socio-economic status and proximate determinants. Results At the community level, the odds of neonatal death was significantly higher for infants from East Java (OR = 5.01, p = 0.00, and for North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi and Gorontalo combined (OR = 3.17, p = 0.03 compared to the lowest neonatal mortality regions of Bali, South Sulawesi and Jambi provinces. A progressive reduction in the odds was found as the percentage of deliveries assisted by trained delivery attendants in the cluster increased. The odds of neonatal death were higher for infants born to both mother and father who were employed (OR = 1.84, p = 0.00 and for infants born to father who were unemployed (OR = 2.99, p = 0.02. The odds were also higher for higher rank infants with a short birth interval (OR = 2.82, p = 0.00, male infants (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01, smaller than average-sized infants (OR = 2.80, p = 0.00, and infant's whose mother had a history of delivery complications (OR = 1.81, p = 0.00. Infants receiving any postnatal care were significantly protected from neonatal death (OR = 0.63, p = 0.03. Conclusion Public health interventions directed at reducing neonatal death should

Time-trends and causes of infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Mexico, 1980-1990

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SUSAN VANDALE

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. This article analyzes the time-trends and causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality in Mexico during the 1980’s. Material and methods. Data on infant deaths came from yearly tabulations (1980 to 1990 published by the Mexican government. Time-trends of mortality rates were determined by simple linear regression models. The parallelism test was performed for evaluating similarities in trends in neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by causes. Results. During the 1980’s, infant mortality rates in Mexico declined from 40.4 to 31.1/1 000 (ß= -0.791. Postneonatal mortality rates showed a strong decrease (ß= -0.892, while neonatal mortality rates were almost stationary (ß= 0.089. Significant rate decreases were observed for Intestinal infections, Pneumonia and influenza and all other causes while Certain perinatal problems, Congenital defects and Nutritional deficiencies increased. No changes were observed in Acute respiratory infections. The neonatal proportional mortality showed an incremental trend accounting for 37.6% in 1980 and ascending to 48.8% in 1990 of the mortality in the first year of life. Conclusions.This analysis indicates that the reduction in infant mortality in Mexico during the 1980’s was due to declining postneonatal mortality while neonatal mortality rates remain almost unchanged.Objetivo. Analizar las tendencias seculares de las tasas de mortalidad infantil (TMI neonatal (TMN y posneonatal (TMP en México de 1980-1990. Material y métodos. La información estudiada fue proporcionada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. Las tendencias de los indicadores fueron determinadas mediante modelos de regresión lineal y se efectuaron pruebas de paralelismo para evaluar la semejanza en pendientes de TMN y TMP por causas. Resultados. Las TMI se redujeron de 40.4 a 31.1/1 000, (ß= -0.791. Las TMP mostraron un decremento significativo (ß= -0.892, mientras que las TMN

The challenges of neonatal magnetic resonance imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arthurs, Owen J.; Graves, Martin J.; Lomas, David J.; Edwards, Andrea; Austin, Topun

2012-01-01

Improved neonatal survival rates and antenatal diagnostic imaging is generating a growing demand for postnatal MRI examinations. Neonatal brain MRI is now becoming standard clinical care in many settings, but with the exception of some research centres, the technique has not been optimised for imaging neonates and small children. Here, we review some of the challenges involved in neonatal MRI, including recent advances in overall MR practicality and nursing practice, to address some of the ways in which the MR experience could be made more neonate-friendly. (orig.)

Susceptibility weighted imaging of the neonatal brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meoded, A.; Poretti, A.; Northington, F.J.; Tekes, A.; Intrapiromkul, J.; Huisman, T.A.G.M.

2012-01-01

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a well-established magnetic resonance technique, which is highly sensitive for blood, iron, and calcium depositions in the brain and has been implemented in the routine clinical use in both children and neonates. SWI in neonates might provide valuable additional diagnostic and prognostic information for a wide spectrum of neonatal neurological disorders. To date, there are few articles available on the application of SWI in neonatal neurological disorders. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe the characteristic SWI findings in various typical neonatal neurological disorders.

Susceptibility weighted imaging of the neonatal brain

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Meoded, A.; Poretti, A. [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Northington, F.J. [Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Tekes, A.; Intrapiromkul, J. [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Huisman, T.A.G.M., E-mail: thuisma1@jhmi.edu [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States)

2012-08-15

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a well-established magnetic resonance technique, which is highly sensitive for blood, iron, and calcium depositions in the brain and has been implemented in the routine clinical use in both children and neonates. SWI in neonates might provide valuable additional diagnostic and prognostic information for a wide spectrum of neonatal neurological disorders. To date, there are few articles available on the application of SWI in neonatal neurological disorders. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe the characteristic SWI findings in various typical neonatal neurological disorders.

Morbimortalidad neonatal durante seis meses en un hospital regional en Ghana

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María Caridad Corría Santos

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un trabajo descriptivo de corte transversal sobre la morbimortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Regional Sunyani de Ghana, en un periodo de seis meses, desde agosto de 2009 hasta enero de 2010, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad de 170 neonatos, que necesitaron de estos servicios en el periodo estudiado. Se revisaron las entidades o eventos clínicos definidos y diagnosticados al egreso, así como la cantidad de pacientes que sobrevivieron y los fallecidos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de historias clínicas y el libro de registro del referido servicio. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas y mediante el empleo de la estadística porcentual. La prematuridad estuvo presente en 89 pacientes (52%, seguido de la asfixia, en 51 (30% y de la sepsis neonatal, en 46 (27%. Fallecieron 33 neonatos (19,4% y sobrevivieron 137 (80,6%. Las entidades clínicas más frecuentes en los fallecidos fueron: prematuridad en 21 pacientes (63%, asfixia perinatal en 19 neonatos (57,6% y la sepsis en 9 (27,3%. Un paciente falleció (0,6% con diagnóstico de tétanos neonatal. La letalidad y la sobrevida se comportaron como en la generalidad de los países en vías de desarrollo

Nível de pressão sonora em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

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Priscila Vendramini Peixoto

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o nível de pressão sonora (NPS de duas salas de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN e identificar as suas fontes. É uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, conduzida em duas salas de UTIN de hospital universitário de São Paulo - SP, Brasil. Registros de NPS foram realizados por três dosímetros, totalizando 261 horas de mensuração. Obteve-se 48 horas de registros das fontes que produzem ruídos. Os resultados indicam elevados níveis de pressão sonora nos dois ambientes. Os maiores níveis de Leq foram 71,0 dBA na sala A e 68,0 dBA na sala B. As principais fontes de ruído encontradas nas duas unidades foram ruído no corredor, trânsito e conversa entre os profissionais. Os resultados revelam que os NPS das salas da UTIN estão distantes dos recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo e implementado um programa educativo, visando à redução dos níveis de pressão sonora.

Resistencia a antimicrobianos y evaluación del tratamiento combinado en la septicemia neonatal Resistance to antimicrobials and combination therapy assessment in neonatal sepsis

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María Espino Hernández

2003-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estudiar la resistencia a los antibióticos de las cepas bacterianas aisladas de pacientes con septicemia neonatal en un hospital ginecobstétrico de La Habana, Cuba, en el período comprendido entre enero de 1994 y diciembre de 1998, y evaluar el valor predictivo del método del "tablero de damas" (checkerboard para seleccionar el tratamiento con combinaciones de antibióticos en pacientes graves. MÉTODOS: Se estudió a 229 neonatos, a quienes se les extrajo sangre para hemocultivo y estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos. El estudio de la susceptibilidad de las cepas se realizó por el método de microdilución en caldo y se utilizó el tablero de damas en bandejas de caldo para evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento antimicrobiano combinado. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta por ciento de las cepas aisladas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y 37% de las cepas de S. aureus, principales agentes causales de sepsis neonatal, fueron resistentes a la meticilina. De ellas, 94,5% resultaron resistentes a varios antibióticos. Cuatro cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y una de Enterococcus faecium fueron resistentes a la vancomicina (concentración mínima inhibidora = 128 myg/mL. Se observó una alta probabilidad de eficacia clínica (P OBJECTIVES: To estimate antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains isolated from patients with neonatal sepsis from January 1994 through December 1998, and to assess the predictive value of the checkerboard method for selecting treatment with combination antibiotic therapy in seriously ill patients. METHODS: The study of strain susceptibility was carried out by microdilution in broth, and the checkerboard method in broth trays was used to assess the efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy. RESULTS: Fifty per cent of the strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and 37% of S. aureus strains, which are the main pathogens involved in neonatal sepsis, were resistant to methycillin. Of

Ictericia Neonatal

OpenAIRE

Blanco de la Fuente, María Isabel

2014-01-01

El motivo que ha llevado a la realización de este trabajo fin de grado sobre el tema de la ICTERICIA NEONATAL se debe a la elevada frecuencia de su aparición en la población. Un porcentaje elevado de RN la padecen al nacer siendo, en la mayor parte de los casos, un proceso fisiológico resuelto con facilidad debido a una inmadurez del sistema hepático y a una hiperproducción de bilirrubina. La ictericia neonatal es la pigmentación de color amarillo de la piel y mucosas en ...

Laser Photoradiation Therapy For Neonatal Jaundice

Science.gov (United States)

Hamza, Mostafa; Hamza, Mohammad

1987-04-01

This paper describes our leading experience in the clinical application of laser in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Currently, the irradiation of jaundiced infants during neonatal life to fluorescent light is the most common treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The authors have investigated the photodegradation of bilirubin by laser in vitro and in Gunn rats before embarking on its clinical application in the treatment of jaundice in the new born child. This work was done to study the theraputic effect of laser compared to the currently used phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. We selected 16 full term neonates with jaundice to be the subject of this study. The neonates of the study were devided into two groups. The first group was treated with continuous phototherapy . The second group recieved photoradiation therapy with gas laser The laser used was a CW argon-ion laser tuned to oscillate at 488.0 nm wavelength. This wavelength selection was based on our previous studies on the effect of laser irradiation of Gunn rats at different wavelengths. Comparison of the results of both methods of treatment will be reported in detail. The advantages and limitations of laser photoradiation therapy for neonatal jaundice will be discussed.

A participação da família no cuidado ao prematuro em UTI Neonatal La participación de la familia en la asistencia al prematuro en UTI Neonatal Family participation in premature care in Neonatal ICU

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Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaíva

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar a participação da família na assistência ao prematuro em uma UTI neonatal de um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se a observação participante. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da presença materna no cotidiano da internação do filho prematuro, a família não está inserida no processo de trabalho, sendo que somente a mãe participa dos cuidados. Esta participação se dá basicamente na execução dos cuidados de maternagem, principalmente na unidade de médio risco, a mãe e a família do prematuro são pouco acolhidas e não existe relação de parceria entre equipe e família, não há intervenções ampliadas da equipe em torná-la sujeito autônomo para promover a saúde e qualidade de vida do bebê.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la participación de la familia en la asistencia al prematuro en una UTI neonatal de un hospital universitario. La colecta de datos fue hecha a través de observación participante. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de la presencia materna en el cotidiano de internación del hijo prematuro, la familia no está inserida en el proceso de trabajo, siendo que solamente la madre participa de los cuidados. Esta participación ocurre básicamente en la ejecución de cuidados de maternidad, especialmente en la unidad de medio riesgo, la madre y familia del prematuro son poco acogidas y no existe parcería entre el equipo de salud y la familia, no hay intervenciones ampliadas del equipo con vistas a tornar la familia sujeto autónomo para promover la salud y cualidad de vida del bebe.This study aimed at analyzing the family participation in the premature assistance in a university hospital neonatal ICU. Data were collected from the participant observation. Results showed that despite of the mother's presence in the daily life of their premature children placed in a hospital, family isn't inserted in the work process and mothers are the

MRI of neonatal encephalopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khong, P.L.; Lam, B.C.C.; Tung, H.K.S.; Wong, V.; Chan, F.L.; Ooi, G.C.

2003-01-01

We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in neonatal encephalopathy, including hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, perinatal/neonatal stroke, metabolic encephalopathy from inborn errors of metabolism, congenital central nervous system infections and birth trauma. The applications of advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are emphasized

Neonatal resuscitation: advances in training and practice

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Sawyer T

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Taylor Sawyer, Rachel A Umoren, Megan M Gray Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Education and Simulation-based Training (NEST Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Abstract: Each year in the US, some four hundred thousand newborns need help breathing when they are born. Due to the frequent need for resuscitation at birth, it is vital to have evidence-based care guidelines and to provide effective neonatal resuscitation training. Every five years, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR reviews the science of neonatal resuscitation. In the US, the American Heart Association (AHA develops treatment guidelines based on the ILCOR science review, and the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP translates the AHA guidelines into an educational curriculum. In this report, we review recent advances in neonatal resuscitation training and practice. We begin with a review of the new 7th edition NRP training curriculum. Then, we examine key changes to the 2015 AHA neonatal resuscitation guidelines. The four components of the NRP curriculum reviewed here include eSim®, Performance Skills Stations, Integrated Skills Station, and Simulation and Debriefing. The key changes to the AHA neonatal resuscitation guidelines reviewed include initial steps of newborn care, positive-pressure ventilation, endotracheal intubation and use of laryngeal mask, chest compressions, medications, resuscitation of preterm newborns, and ethics and end-of-life care. We hope this report provides a succinct review of recent advances in neonatal resuscitation. Keywords: neonatal resuscitation, Neonatal Resuscitation Program, NRP, simulation, deliberate practice, debriefing, eSIM

Acute symptomatic neonatal seizures in preterm neonates: etiologies and treatments.

Science.gov (United States)

Pisani, Francesco; Spagnoli, Carlotta

2017-12-15

Acute symptomatic neonatal seizures in preterm newborns are a relevant clinical challenge due to the presence of many knowledge gaps. Etiology-wise, acute symptomatic seizures have an age-specific epidemiology, with intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications representing the first cause in extremely and very preterm neonates, whereas other etiologies have similar occurrence rates as in full-term infants. Specific treatment strategies for the premature neonates are not yet available. Studies suggest a similarly low response rate with even more unfavorable prognosis than in full-term infants. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes are likely under way during the preterm period, with the potential to affect both effectiveness and safety of antiepileptic drugs in these patients. However, due to the lack of clear evidence to guide prioritization of second-line drugs, off-label medications are frequently indicated by review papers and flow-charts, and are prescribed in clinical practice. We therefore conclude by exploring potential future lines of research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya.

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Kyololo, O'Brien Munyao; Stevens, Bonnie; Gastaldo, Denise; Gisore, Peter

2014-11-01

To determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures and procedural pain management practices in neonatal units in Kenya. Cross-sectional survey. Level I and level II neonatal units in Kenya. Ninety-five term and preterm neonates from seven neonatal units. Medical records of neonates admitted for at least 24 h were reviewed to determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures performed in the 24 h period preceding data collection (6:00 to 6:00) as well as the pain management interventions (eg, morphine, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, containment, non-nutritive sucking) that accompanied each procedure. Neonates experienced a total of 404 painful procedures over a 24 h period (mean=4.3, SD 2.0; range 1-12); 270 tissue-damaging (mean=2.85, SD 1.1; range 1-6) and 134 non-tissue-damaging procedures (mean=1.41, SD 1.2; range 0-6). Peripheral cannula insertion (27%) and intramuscular injections (22%) were the most common painful procedures. Ventilated neonates and neonates admitted in level II neonatal units had a higher number of painful procedures than those admitted in level I units (mean 4.76 vs 2.96). Only one procedure had a pain intensity score documented; and none had been performed with any form of analgesia. Neonates in Kenya were exposed to numerous tissue-damaging and non-tissue-damaging procedures without any form of analgesia. Our findings suggest that education is needed on how to assess and manage procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Riesgo neurológico en el niño de mediano riesgo neonatal

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Agustina Vericat

2017-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: los neonatos de mediano riesgo suelen presentar alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, sutiles o inaparentes, que pueden evidenciarse a mediano y a largo plazos; es por ello que se les considera niños de riesgo neurológico. La identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados con los problemas del neurodesarrollo es un primer paso para prevenir o reducir sus efectos. OBJETIVO: con esta revisión cualitativa de la literatura especializada pretendemos describir las características de un grupo de neonatos denominados colectivamente recién nacidos de mediano riesgo neonatal y que, al nacer, no presentan compromiso evidente del desarrollo neurológico. Indagamos, también sobre los factores etiológicos asociados con esta condición. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS, la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos de Norte América (NLM-Medline y la Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (RedALyC centrada en factores de riesgo neurológico. RESULTADOS: el incremento de los controles prenatales, la reducción de los nacimientos pretérmino y del parto por cesárea son factores relevantes para el óptimo neurodesarrollo. Luego del parto es necesario extremar los cuidados del neonato en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal controlando cuadros tales como la hiperbilirrubinemia, la sepsis neonatal y la dificultad respiratoria, asociados con alteraciones del desarrollo en los neonatos de mediano riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: las intervenciones para evitar o reducir el riesgo neurológico en los neonatos de mediano riesgo deben establecerse desde el inicio de la gestación y continuar durante toda la permanencia en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal.

Fatores de risco para mortalidade neonatal precoce Risk factors for early neonatal mortality

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Daniela Schoeps

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores de risco da mortalidade neonatal precoce. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle de base populacional com 146 óbitos neonatais precoces e amostra de 313 controles obtidos entre os sobreviventes ao período neonatal, na região sul do município de São Paulo, no período de 1/8/2000 a 31/1/2001. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e prontuários hospitalares. Foi realizada análise hierarquizada em cinco blocos com características: 1 socioeconômicas das famílias e das mães; 2 psicossociais maternas; 3 biológicas e da história reprodutiva materna; 4 do parto; 5 do recém-nascido. RESULTADOS: Os fatores de risco para a mortalidade neonatal precoce foram: Bloco 1: baixa escolaridade do chefe da família (OR=1,6; IC 95%: 1,1;2,6; domicílio em favela (OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,2;3,5, com até um cômodo (OR=2,2; IC 95%: 1,1;4,2; Bloco 2: mães com união recente (OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,0;4,2 e sem companheiro (OR=1,8; IC 95%: 1,1;3,0, presença de maus tratos (OR=2,7;1,1-6,5; Bloco 3: presença de intercorrência na gravidez (OR=8,2; IC 95%: 5,0;13,5, nascimento prévio de baixo peso (OR=2,4; IC 95%: 1,2;4,5; pré-natal ausente (OR=16,1; IC 95%: 4,7;55,4 ou inadequado (OR=2,1; IC 95%: 2,0;3,5; Bloco 4: presença de problemas no parto (OR=2,9; IC 95%: 1,4;5,1, mães que foram ao hospital de ambulância (OR=3,8; IC 95%: 1,4;10,7; Bloco 5: baixo peso ao nascer (OR=17,3; IC 95%: 8,4;35,6, nascimento de pré-termo (OR=8,8; IC 95%: 4,3;17,8. CONCLUSÕES: Além dos fatores proximais (baixo peso ao nascer, gestações de pré-termo, problemas no parto e intercorrências durante a gestação, identificou-se a participação de variáveis que refletem exclusão social e de fatores psicossociais. Esse contexto pode afetar o desenvolvimento da gestação e dificultar o acesso das mulheres aos serviços de saúde. A assistência pré-natal adequada poderia minimizar parte do efeito dessas variáveis.OBJECTIVE: To

The value of neonatal autopsy.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Hickey, Leah

2012-01-01

Neonatal autopsy rates were in decline internationally at the end of the last century. Our objective was to assess the current value of neonatal autopsy in providing additional information to families and healthcare professionals.

Bupivacaine versus lidocaine analgesia for neonatal circumcision

OpenAIRE

Stolik-Dollberg, Orit C; Dollberg, Shaul

2005-01-01

Abstract Background Analgesia for neonatal circumcision was recently advocated for every male infant, and its use is considered essential by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We compared the post-operative analgesic quality of bupivacaine to that of lidocaine for achieving dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) when performing neonatal circumcision. Methods Data were obtained from 38 neonates following neonatal circumcision. The infants had received DPNB analgesia with either lidocaine or bupivac...

Parents' experiences with neonatal home care following initial care in the neonatal intensive care unit: a phenomenological hermeneutical interview study.

Science.gov (United States)

Dellenmark-Blom, Michaela; Wigert, Helena

2014-03-01

A descriptive study of parents' experiences with neonatal home care following initial care in the neonatal intensive care unit. As survival rates improve among premature and critically ill infants with an increased risk of morbidity, parents' responsibilities for neonatal care grow in scope and degree under the banner of family-centred care. Concurrent with medical advances, new questions arise about the role of parents and the experience of being provided neonatal care at home. An interview study with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Parents from a Swedish neonatal (n = 22) home care setting were extensively interviewed within one year of discharge. Data were collected during 2011-2012. The main theme of the findings is that parents experience neonatal home care as an inner emotional journey, from having a child to being a parent. This finding derives from three themes: the parents' experience of leaving the hospital milieu in favour of establishing independent parenthood, maturing as a parent and processing experiences during the period of neonatal intensive care. This study suggests that neonatal home care is experienced as a care structure adjusted to incorporate parents' needs following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal home care appears to bridge the gap between hospital and home, supporting the family's adaptation to life in the home setting. Parents become empowered to be primary caregivers, having nurse consultants serving the needs of the whole family. Neonatal home care may therefore be understood as the implementation of family-centred care during the transition from NICU to home. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A percepção da família sobre sua presença em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e Neonatal La percepción de la familia sobre su presencia en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica y Neonatal The family's perception of its presence at the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit

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Rosemeire Cristina Moretto Molina

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, teve por objetivo compreender como as famílias percebem a própria presença na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal, e a aceitação dessa presença por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada a 14 pais de crianças internadas na UTI pediátrica e neonatal de dois hospitais na Região Noroeste do Paraná. Para a interpretação dos dados, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram o sofrimento vivenciado pelos pais, as alterações que ocorreram na dinâmica familiar em face da hospitalização do filho, e a percepção dos benefícios da sua permanência junto à criança, do acolhimento e dos cuidados recebidos. Concluiu-se que os pais valorizam o fato de os profissionais demonstrarem respeito e atenção para com eles e a criança, criando elos de afetividade e confiança, além de gratidão pelo cuidado.Este estudio, de abordaje cualitativo, tuvo por objetivo comprender como las familias perciben su propia presencia en la unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica y neonatal, y, la aceptación de esa presencia por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista semiestructurada a 14 padres de niños internados en la UTI pediátrica y neonatal de dos hospitales en la Región Noroeste de Paraná. Para la interpretación de los datos se optó por el análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron el sufrimiento experimentado por los padres, las alteraciones que ocurrieron en la dinámica familiar frente a la hospitalización del hijo y la percepción de los beneficios de su permanencia junto al niño, del acogimiento y del cuidado recibidos. Se concluyó que los padres valorizan el hecho de los profesionales demonstrar respeto y atención para con ellos y el niño, creando vínculos de afecto y confianza, además de gratitud por el cuidado.This qualitative-based study aimed

An agent based architecture for high-risk neonate management at neonatal intensive care unit.

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Malak, Jaleh Shoshtarian; Safdari, Reza; Zeraati, Hojjat; Nayeri, Fatemeh Sadat; Mohammadzadeh, Niloofar; Farajollah, Seide Sedighe Seied

2018-01-01

In recent years, the use of new tools and technologies has decreased the neonatal mortality rate. Despite the positive effect of using these technologies, the decisions are complex and uncertain in critical conditions when the neonate is preterm or has a low birth weight or malformations. There is a need to automate the high-risk neonate management process by creating real-time and more precise decision support tools. To create a collaborative and real-time environment to manage neonates with critical conditions at the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and to overcome high-risk neonate management weaknesses by applying a multi agent based analysis and design methodology as a new solution for NICU management. This study was a basic research for medical informatics method development that was carried out in 2017. The requirement analysis was done by reviewing articles on NICU Decision Support Systems. PubMed, Science Direct, and IEEE databases were searched. Only English articles published after 1990 were included; also, a needs assessment was done by reviewing the extracted features and current processes at the NICU environment where the research was conducted. We analyzed the requirements and identified the main system roles (agents) and interactions by a comparative study of existing NICU decision support systems. The Universal Multi Agent Platform (UMAP) was applied to implement a prototype of our multi agent based high-risk neonate management architecture. Local environment agents interacted inside a container and each container interacted with external resources, including other NICU systems and consultation centers. In the NICU container, the main identified agents were reception, monitoring, NICU registry, and outcome prediction, which interacted with human agents including nurses and physicians. Managing patients at the NICU units requires online data collection, real-time collaboration, and management of many components. Multi agent systems are applied as

Neonatal tetanus associated with skin infection.

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Maharaj, M; Dungwa, N

2016-08-03

A 1-week-old infant was brought to a regional hospital with a history of recurrent seizures following lower abdominal septic skin infection. She was found to have neonatal tetanus, and a spatula test was positive. The tetanus infection was associated with a superficial skin infection, common in neonates. Treatment included sedatives (diazepam, chlorpromazine, phenobarbitone and morphine), muscle relaxants, antibiotics and ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Intrathecal and intramuscular immunoglobulin were given, and the wound was treated. The infant recovered, with no seizures by the 16th day from admission, and was off the ventilator by the 18th day. This was shorter than the usual 3 - 4 weeks for neonates with tetanus at the hospital. The question arises whether tetanus immunisation should be considered in infants with skin infections, which frequently occur in the neonatal period.

Perinatal pharmacology: applications for neonatal neurology.

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Smits, Anne; Allegaert, Karel

2011-11-01

The principles of clinical pharmacology also apply to neonates, but their characteristics warrant a tailored approach. We focus on aspects of both developmental pharmacokinetics (concentration/time relationship) and developmental pharmacodynamics (concentration/effect relationship) in neonates. We hereby aimed to link concepts used in clinical pharmacology with compound-specific observations (anti-epileptics, analgosedatives) in the field of neonatal neurology. Although in part anecdotal, we subsequently illustrate the relevance of developmental pharmacology in the field of neonatal neurology by a specific intervention (e.g. whole body cooling), specific clinical presentations (e.g. short and long term outcome following fetal exposure to antidepressive agents, the development of new biomarkers for fetal alcohol syndrome) and specific clinical needs (e.g. analgosedation in neonates, excitocytosis versus neuro-apoptosis/impaired synaptogenesis). Copyright © 2011 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geographical Accessibility to Obstetric and Neonatal Care and its Effect on Early Neonatal Mortality in Colombia, 2012-2014

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Diego Fernando Rojas Gualdrón

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The distribution of health resources influences early neonatal mortality, granting access to obstetric care which is a major public health problem. However, the geographical dimension of this influence has not been studied in Colombia. Objective: To describe the geographical accessibility to obstetric and neonatal care beds and its association with early neonatal mortality in Colombia and its municipalities. Method:An ecological study at municipal level was carried out. Ordinary least squares (OLS regression and a geographically weighted regression (GWR were used to explore statistical and spatial associations. Results: The municipalities in Colombia with Higher mortality tend to have lower geographical accessibility to obstetric and neonatal beds after controlling the fertility and economic characteristics of these municipalities. This association is significant only in municipalities of the west coast. The strength of this association decreases in inner municipalities. Discussion: The centralization of obstetric and neonatal beds in major municipalities around the central region leaves municipalities with high risk of mortality underserved. The decentralization of obstetric and neonatal healthcare resources is a mandatory issue in order to reduce geographical disparities in mortality and to improve neonatal survival, and a healthy beginning of life.

Clinical practice: neonatal resuscitation. A Dutch consensus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van den Dungen, F.A.M.; van Veenendaal, M.B.; Mulder, A.L.M.

2010-01-01

The updated Dutch guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation assimilate the latest evidence in neonatal resuscitation. Important changes with regard to the 2004 guidelines and controversial issues concerning neonatal resuscitation are reviewed, and recommendations for daily practice are provided and

Triagem neonatal para hemoglobinopatias no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Clarisse Lopes de Castro Lobo

2003-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os principais resultados do programa de triagem neonatal para a doença falciforme do Estado do Rio de Janeiro em 15 meses de funcionamento (agosto de 2000 a novembro de 2001. MÉTODOS: A partir de agosto de 2000, amostras de sangue passaram a ser coletadas de todos os recém-nascidos atendidos em postos de atenção básica à saúde no Estado para triagem neonatal da doença falciforme. Essas amostras são submetidas a cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Se o cromatograma resultante for compatível com a doença falciforme, a criança e seus pais são encaminhados para confirmação diagnóstica e tratamento. RESULTADOS: De agosto de 2000 a novembro de 2001, 99 260 recém nascidos participaram da triagem. Houve um caso de homozigose para Hb C. Um em cada 27 recém-nascidos triados pelo programa apresentou o traço falciforme (Hb AS. A doença falciforme foi constatada em 83 casos (um caso novo para cada 1 196 nascimentos: 62 Hb S, 18 Hb SC, 3 Hb SD. Uma criança não compareceu para confirmação diagnóstica. As 82 crianças acompanhadas apresentaram 15 intercorrências (infecções de vias aéreas superiores, febre, seqüestro esplênico, síndrome mão-pé e crises de vaso-oclusão, motivando sete internações. Houve necessidade de transfusão sangüínea em 15 crianças, mas nenhuma tornou-se alo-imunizada. Os demais bebês estão evoluindo satisfatoriamente com o uso de penicilina profilática. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados evidenciam a importância do diagnóstico precoce da doença falciforme, de forma a prevenir e evitar as freqüentes complicações infecciosas enfrentadas por esses pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To describe the main results obtained in the first 15 months of neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 2000 to November 2001. METHODS: Starting in August 2000, blood samples began to be collected for sickle cell disease screening from all newborns

Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris: an update.

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Serna-Tamayo, Cristian; Janniger, Camila K; Micali, Giuseppe; Schwartz, Robert A

2014-07-01

Acne may present in neonates, infants, and small children. Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris are not considered to be rare. The presentation of acne in this patient population sometimes represents virilization and may portend later development of severe adolescent acne. Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris must be distinguished from other cutaneous disorders seen in newborns and infants. Infantile acne tends to be more pleomorphic and inflammatory, thus requiring more vigorous therapy than neonatal acne.

Providing safe surgery for neonates in sub-Saharan Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Ameh, Emmanuel A; Ameh, Nkeiruka

2003-07-01

Advances in neonatal intensive care, total parenteral nutrition and improvements in technology have led to a greatly improved outcome of neonatal surgery in developed countries. In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, however, neonatal surgery continues to pose wide-ranging challenges. Delivery outside hospital, delayed referral, poor transportation, and lack of appropriate personnel and facilities continue to contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in neonates, particularly under emergency situations. Antenatal supervision and hospital delivery needs to be encouraged in our communities. Adequate attention needs to be paid to providing appropriate facilities for neonatal transport and support and training of appropriate staff for neonatal surgery. Neonates with surgical problems should be adequately resuscitated before referral where necessary but surgery should not be unduly delayed. Major neonatal surgery should as much as possible be performed by those trained to operate on neonates. Appropriate research and international collaboration is necessary to improve neonatal surgical care in the environment.

Tendinopatia patelar: resultados tardios do tratamento cirúrgico

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Marcos Henrique Frauendorf Cenni

2015-10-01

Full Text Available resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados tardios do tratamento cirúrgico na tendinopatia patelar (TP com o uso do escore Visa (Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group e o método de Verheyden. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou os resultados pós-operatórios de 12 pacientes, ou 14 joelhos, entre julho de 2002 e fevereiro de 2011. Foram incluídos os pacientes com tendinopatia patelar refratários ao tratamento conservador e que não apresentavam outras lesões cirúrgicas concomitantes. Pacientes que não foram devidamente acompanhados no período pós-operatório foram excluídos. Resultados: Pelo método de Verheyden, nove pacientes foram considerados muito bons, dois bons e um ruim. Em relação ao Visa, a média foi de 92,4 pontos, com apenas dois pacientes abaixo de 70 pontos (66 e 55 pontos. Conclusão: O tratamento cirúrgico da tendinopatia patelar, quando corretamente indicado, tem bons resultados em longo prazo.

Resistencia a antimicrobianos y evaluación del tratamiento combinado en la septicemia neonatal

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María Espino Hernández

2003-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estudiar la resistencia a los antibióticos de las cepas bacterianas aisladas de pacientes con septicemia neonatal en un hospital ginecobstétrico de La Habana, Cuba, en el período comprendido entre enero de 1994 y diciembre de 1998, y evaluar el valor predictivo del método del "tablero de damas" (checkerboard para seleccionar el tratamiento con combinaciones de antibióticos en pacientes graves. MÉTODOS: Se estudió a 229 neonatos, a quienes se les extrajo sangre para hemocultivo y estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos. El estudio de la susceptibilidad de las cepas se realizó por el método de microdilución en caldo y se utilizó el tablero de damas en bandejas de caldo para evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento antimicrobiano combinado. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta por ciento de las cepas aisladas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y 37% de las cepas de S. aureus, principales agentes causales de sepsis neonatal, fueron resistentes a la meticilina. De ellas, 94,5% resultaron resistentes a varios antibióticos. Cuatro cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y una de Enterococcus faecium fueron resistentes a la vancomicina (concentración mínima inhibidora = 128 myg/mL. Se observó una alta probabilidad de eficacia clínica (P < 0,01 con combinaciones de antibióticos que mostraron un efecto sinérgico in vitro, mientras que las reacciones antagónicas se correspondieron con la probabilidad altamente significativa de fracaso terapéutico clínico. DISCUSIÓN: La principal causa de septicemia neonatal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital "América Arias" en La Habana, Cuba, está constituida por las cepas de estafilococo resistentes a la meticilina y a otros antibióticos. En pacientes graves (atendiendo a lo establecido en el programa de política de este centro, la primera línea de tratamiento la constituye la combinación de un antibiótico aminoglucósido con un betalactámico. Este estudio demostr

Dieta cetogênica para epilepsia intratável em crianças e adolescentes: relato de seis casos

OpenAIRE

Vasconcelos,Marcio M.; Azevedo,Patricia M. Couto; Esteves,Lívia; Brito,Adriana R.; Olivaes,Maria Cecílea D. de; Herdy,Gesmar V. Haddad

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Descrever a introdução e o manejo da dieta cetogênica em um grupo de seis crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia refratária. MÉTODOS: Os autores reviram o prontuário médico de cada paciente menor de 15 anos submetido à dieta cetogênica entre abril de 1999 e julho de 2003 e compararam os resultados terapêuticos e efeitos adversos e benéficos com a literatura pertinente. RESULTADOS: A dieta cetogênica foi introduzida para seis pacientes, com idade mediana de sete anos (faixa: 1,8-12,2)...

Adverse events on the use of interim therapeutic in schoolchildren: silver diamine fluoride x interim therapeutic restorative – a pilot study = Efeitos adversos de técnicas provisórias em crianças: diamino fluoreto de prata x tratamento restaurador provisório – um estudo piloto

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Santos Junior, Valdeci Elias dos

2012-01-01

Conclusão: Os autores sugerem que, para crianças portadoras de cárie, sem acesso aos serviços de saúde, o DFP apresentou menos efeitos adversos do que o tratamento restaurador provisório utilizando FUJI IX

Neonatal pressure ulcers: prevention and treatment

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García-Molina P

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Pablo García-Molina,1,2 Alba Alfaro-López,1 Sara María García-Rodríguez,1 Celia Brotons-Payá,1 Mari Carmen Rodríguez-Dolz,1,2 Evelin Balaguer-López1,2 1Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 2Research Group of Pediatric Nutrition, INCLIVA Foundation, Valencia, Spain Abstract: Health professionals should be prepared to respond to the needs of hospitalized neonates. The health team must consider multiple situations, where the neonate is at risk of having an adverse effect. One of the main interventions that health professionals must practice when interacting with hospitalized newborns is skin care. Neonates often suffer from diaper rash or intravenous drugs extravasation. Recently, hospitalized neonates and especially those in an unstable clinical situation are also at a risk of developing pressure ulcers. The presence of a pressure ulcer in a neonate can lead to serious problems to survival (eg, sepsis, clinical instability. This is the reason why, with this literature review, we attempt to answer questions from health professionals caring for neonates about the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Keywords: infant, pressure ulcer, treatment, prevention, wound, assessment

Imaging approach to persistent neonatal jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirks, D.; Coleman, R.E.; Filston, H.C.; Rosenberg, E.R.; Merten, D.F.

1984-01-01

Fifteen patients with persistent neonatal jaundice were evaluated by sonography and radionuclide scintigraphy. The sonographic features of both neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia are nonspecific. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy after phenobarbital pretreatment in patients with neonatal hepatitis demonstrates normal hepatic extraction and delayed tracer excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. If there is neonatal hepatitis with severe hepatocellular damage, the hepatic extraction of tracer activity is decreased and excretion may be delayed or absent. Patients under 3 months of age with biliary atresia have normal hepatic extraction of tracer with no excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. Sonography in patients with a choledochal cyst shows a cystic mass in the porta hepatis with associated bile-duct dilatation. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy confirms that the choledochal cyst communicates with the biliary system. Initial sonography demonstrates hepatobiliary anatomy; subsequent phenobarbital-enhanced radionuclide scintigraphy determines hepatobiliary function. An expedient diagnostic approach is recommended for the evaluation of persistent neonatal jaundice

A PEARL Study Analysis of National Neonatal, Early Neonatal, Late Neonatal, and Corrected Neonatal Mortality Rates in the State of Qatar during 2011: A Comparison with World Health Statistics 2011 and Qatar's Historic Data over a Period of 36 Years (1975-2011).

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Sajjad; Al Rifai, Hilal; El Ansari, Walid; Nimeri, Nuha; El Tinay, Sarrah; Salameh, Khalil; Abbas, Tariq; Jarir, Rawia A; Said, Nawal; Taha, Samer

2012-10-01

To prospectively ascertain Qatar's national Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR), Early Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR), and Late Neonatal Mortality Rate (LNMR) during 2011, compare it with recent data from high-income countries, and analyze trends in Qatar's NMR's between 1975 and 2011 using historic data. A National prospective cohort-study. National data on live births and neonatal mortality was collected from all public and private maternity facilities in Qatar (1(st) January-December 31(st) 2011) and compared with historical neonatal mortality data (1975-2010) ascertained from the database of maternity and neonatal units of Women's Hospital and annual reports of Hamad Medical Corporation. For inter country comparison, country data of 2009 was extracted from World Health Statistics 2011 (WHO) and the European Perinatal Health report (2008). A total of 20583 live births were recorded during the study period. Qatar's national NMR during 2011 was 4.95, ENMR 2.7, LNMR 2.2, and cNMR 3.33. Between 1975 and 2011, Qatar's population increased by 10-fold, number of deliveries by 7.2 folds while relative risk of NMR decreased by 87% (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.10-0.18, P<0.001), ENMR by 91% (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.06-0.12, P<0.001) and LNMR by 58% (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.74, P=0.002). The comparable ranges of neonatal mortality rates from selected high-income West European countries are: NMR: 2-5.7, ENMR 1.5-3.8, and LNMR 0.5-1.9. The neonatal survival in the State of Qatar has significantly improved between 1975 and 2011. The improvement has been more marked in ENMR than LNMR. Qatar's current neonatal mortality rates are comparable to most high-income West European countries. An in-depth research to assess the correlates and determinants of neonatal mortality in Qatar is indicated.

Neonatal orbital abscess

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Khalil M Al-Salem

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are rare in neonates. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 28-day-old girl is presented. A Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy alone; spontaneous drainage of the abscess occurred from the lower lid without the need for surgery. From this case report, we intend to emphasize on eyelid retraction as a sign of neonatal orbital abscess, and to review all the available literature of similar cases.

Abdominal surgery in neonatal foals.

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Bryant, James E; Gaughan, Earl M

2005-08-01

Abdominal surgery in foals under 30 days old has become more common with improved neonatal care. Early recognition of a foal at risk and better nursing care have increased the survival rates of foals that require neonatal care. The success of improved neonatal care also has increased the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, umbilical, and bladder disorders in these foals. This chapter focuses on the early and accurate diagnosis of specific disorders that require abdominal exploratory surgery and the specific treatment considerations and prognosis for these disorders.

Psoríase moderada a grave tratada com infliximabe em 53 pacientes: perfil dos pacientes, eficácia e efeitos adversos Moderate to severe psoriasis treated with infliximab - 53 patients: patients profile, efficacy and adverse effects

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Artur Antonio Duarte

2011-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: A psoríase leva a um impacto negativo significativo na qualidade de vida e está associada a comorbidades. A atividade inflamatória das placas psoríacas se inicia, em parte, pela ativação de linfócitos Th1, que liberam citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como TNF alfa. Infliximabe neutraliza a atividade biológica do TNF alfa. Reações adversas que ocorrem durante a infusão e até 24 horas após são chamadas de agudas. Reações tardias ocorrem entre 24 horas e 14 dias após infusão. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes com psoríase moderada a grave e resistente ao tratamento convencional, bem como as reações adversas ao infliximabe. MÉTODO: Foram tratados com infliximabe 53 pacientes: 40 homens e 13 mulheres. A dose utilizada foi 5 mg/kg nas semanas 0, 2 e 6 (fase de indução, seguida da fase de manutenção a cada oito semanas. RESULTADO: Dentre os 53 pacientes, seis se submeteram apenas à fase de indução, obtiveram Pasi 90-100 e não receberam mais a droga. Quarenta e sete pacientes continuaram recebendo a medicação por pelo menos dois, três anos. Deles, 55,3% (26 apresentaram algum efeito adverso. Os efeitos adversos precoces foram observados em 34% dos pacientes, e os tardios, em 36,1% dos pacientes. Foi encontrada uma prevalência de 57,4% de comorbidades nesses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: O infliximabe mostrou-se seguro e eficaz no presente estudo. Dentre as comorbidades associadas aos pacientes neste estudo, a obesidade se relacionou com uma resposta mais tardia e menos eficiente. Efeitos adversos precoces e tardios, quando bem monitorados, não impedem a manutenção da terapêutica e não expõem os pacientes a riscos não controlados.BACKGROUND: Psoriasis exerts a significant negative effect on quality of life and is associated with comorbidities. The inflammatory activity of the psoriasis plaques is partially triggered by activation of the Th1 lymphocytes, which release proinflammatory cytokines such as

The study of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aman, I.; Hassan, K.A.; Ahmad, T.M.

2004-01-01

Objective: To determine the number of cases and manifestations of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates. Subjects and Methods: A total of 365 neonates from 0-28 days of age admitted with different clinical problems irrespective of birth weight and gestational age were evaluated for thrombocytopenia. These neonates were categorized into five different groups (A-E), which were of neonatal infections, asphyxia neonatorum, preterm and smallness for gestational age, jaundice and miscellaneous respectively. Results: Out of 365 cases, 88 were found to have thrombocytopenia (platelet counts < 150,000 per mm/sup 3/) which was 24.1% of the total. In group A (neonatal infections), out of 152 neonates, 62 had low platelet counts (40.78%). In group B (neonatal asphyxia), out of 90 only 11 had thrombocytopenia (12.2%). In group C (preterm and small for gestational age), out of 60 cases only 9 had thrombocytopenia. In group D (jaundice), all 33 cases had normal platelet counts. In group E (miscellaneous), out of 30 cases only 6 had thrombocytopenia. The common manifestations in thrombocytopenic babies were petechiae and bruises followed by gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The percentage of manifest thrombocytopenia cases was 56.8% and of occult thrombocytopenia 43.1 %. Conclusion: The leading causes of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates are infections, asphyxia, complicated pre- maturity and smallness for gestational age. Apart from the platelet counts the bleeding mainfestations also depend upon the underlying ailments. (author)

Estimation of adult and neonatal RBC lifespans in anemic neonates using RBCs labeled at several discrete biotin densities.

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Kuruvilla, Denison J; Widness, John A; Nalbant, Demet; Schmidt, Robert L; Mock, Donald M; An, Guohua; Veng-Pedersen, Peter

2017-06-01

Prior conclusions that autologous neonatal red blood cells (RBC) have substantially shorter lifespans than allogeneic adult RBCs were not based on direct comparison of autologous neonatal vs. allogeneic adult RBCs performed concurrently in the same infant. Biotin labeling of autologous neonatal RBCs and allogeneic adult donor RBCs permits concurrent direct comparison of autologous vs. allogeneic RBC lifespan. RBCs from 15 allogeneic adult donors and from 15 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates were labeled at separate biotin densities and transfused simultaneously into the 15 neonates. Two mathematical models that account for the RBC differences were employed to estimate lifespans for the two RBC populations. Mean ± SD lifespan for adult allogeneic RBC was 70.1 ± 19.1 d, which is substantially shorter than the 120 d lifespan of both autologous and adult allogeneic RBC in healthy adults. Mean ± SD lifespan for neonatal RBC was 54.2 ± 11.3 d, which is only about 30% shorter than that of the adult allogeneic RBCs. This study provides evidence that extrinsic environmental factors primarily determine RBC survival (e.g., small bore of the capillaries of neonates, rate of oxygenation/deoxygenation cycles) rather than factors intrinsic to RBC.

Reanimación neonatal: actualización Neonatal resuscitation: up-date

OpenAIRE

E. Burón Martínez; A. Pino Vázquez

2009-01-01

Las últimas recomendaciones en reanimación neonatal fueron publicadas en el año 2005 por el ERC (European Resuscitation Council), el grupo ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) y la AHA (American Heart Association). En nuestro país estas normas fueron difundidas por el grupo de RCP Neonatal de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología, introduciendo algunas adaptaciones y ampliando algunos capítulos como la reanimación del recién naci...

Pentraxin 3 concentrations of the mothers with preterm premature rupture of membranes and their neonates, and early neonatal outcome.

Science.gov (United States)

Akin, Mustafa Ali; Gunes, Tamer; Coban, Dilek; Ozgun, Mahmut Tuncay; Akgun, Hulya; Kurtoglu, Selim

2015-07-01

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase reactant which has been used to detect intra-amniotic infections (IAI) in pregnancy, but the prognostic value of PTX3 concentrations on neonates has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal PTX3-neonatal PTX3 concentrations and early neonatal outcome. The mothers diagnosed with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) (n = 28) and their preterm infants (n = 28) were included in the study. PTX3 concentrations were studied in plasma in the maternal peripheral blood and umbilical/peripheral vein in the neonates. The relationship between the mPTX3-nPTX3 concentrations and neonatal outcome were investigated using non-parametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis. The mean mPTX3 concentration was 10.35 ± 7.82 μg/L. Ten (35.7%) of all mothers were within the normal range and 18 (64.3%) in high percentile (≥ 97.5 percentile). There was no relation between mPTX3 concentrations and clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis, latency of PPROM, and early neonatal outcome. Mean nPTX3 concentrations was 9.18 ± 7.83 μg/L and high nPTX3 concentrations were detected in five (17.8%) neonates. nPTX3 concentrations were inversely correlated with gestational age and correlated with rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality. Neonates with high nPTX3 concentrations also have lowered APGAR scores, increased rate of respiratory distress syndrome, clinical sepsis, IVH, necrotizing enterocolitis and prolonged NICU stay. High PTX3 concentrations of the newborns are associated with some worsened early neonatal outcome including lower gestational age at delivery, increased rate of IVH and mortality. Maternal PTX3 concentrations are not an adequate marker in defining clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis and early neonatal outcome.

Neonatal screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in Brazil

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Marilia Pyles Patto Kanegae

2016-07-01

amostra é anormal foi determinado pela análise de curva ROC utilizando-se o programa SSPS. Resultados: a concentração de TRECs em 8.682 amostras analisadas variou entre 2 e 2.181 TRECs/μL de sangue, com média e mediana de 324 e 259 TRECs/μL, respectivamente. 49 (0,56% amostras ficaram abaixo do valor de corte (30 TRECs/μL e foram requantificadas. Quatro (0,05% mantiveram resultados anormais (entre 16 e 29 TRECs/μL. Amostras de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico prévio de imunodeficiência combinada grave e síndrome de DiGeorge foram utilizadas para validar o ensaio e todas apresentaram concentração de TRECs abaixo do valor de corte. Recém-nascidos prematuros apresentaram menores níveis de TRECs comparados aos nascidos a termo. Utilizando a curva ROC em nossos dados, chegamos ao valor de corte de 26 TRECs/μL, com sensibilidade de 100% para detecção de imunodeficiência combinada grave. Utilizando este valor, as taxas de repetição e encaminhamento, ficaram em 0,43% (37 amostras e 0,03% (3 amostras, respectivamente. Conclusão: A técnica é factível e pode ser implantada em larga escala, após treinamento técnico das equipes envolvidas. Keywords: SCID, Neonatal screening, TRECs, T lymphocytes, Combined immunodeficiency, Primary immunodeficiency, Palavras-chave: SCID, Triagem neonatal, TRECs, Linfócitos T, Imunodeficiência combinada, Imunodeficiência primária

Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Neonatal Brain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J. Dudink (Jeroen)

2010-01-01

textabstractAlthough in the last decades advances in fetal and neonatal medicine have reduced mortality in neonatal intensive care units in the Western world, the morbidity due to brain injury remains high. Patterns of neonatal brain injury can be roughly divided in (1) term and (2) preterm

Right paratesticular abscess mimicking neonatal testicular torsion ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

U.O. Ezomike

Abstract. The clinical presentation of neonatal paratesticular abscess may closely resemble that of, neonatal testicular torsion and the use of scrotal ultrasonography to differentiate the two has low, sensitivity. We propose early operative treatment of suspected neonatal testicular torsion to salvage, the testicle in cases of ...

Malaria parasite positivity among febrile neonates | Enyuma ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Malaria, earlier considered rare in neonates, has been reported with increasing frequency in the last decade. Neonatal malaria diagnosis is challenging because the clinical features are non-specific, variable and also overlap with bacterial infection. Aim: To determine the prevalence of neonatal malaria and ...

Estimation of the regional distribution of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil from the results of neonatal screening = Estimativa da distribuição regional da toxoplasmose congênita no Brasil a partir dos resultados de triagem neonatal

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Camargo Neto, Eurico

2010-01-01

Conclusões: a triagem neonatal em larga escala é uma ferramenta importante para a determinação da prevalência da toxoplasmose congênita. A alta prevalência dessa infecção no Brasil e a ampla variabilidade de sua epidemiologia entre os estados confirmam a necessidade de políticas de saúde e educação voltadas à prevenção e ao controle da toxoplasmose congênita em todo o país, respeitando as peculiaridades de cada estado

Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera-Chaparro, Nazario D; Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael; Greenberg, Rachel G

2017-09-01

Antibiotics are often used in neonates despite the absence of relevant dosing information in drug labels. For neonatal dosing, clinicians must extrapolate data from studies for adults and older children, who have strikingly different physiologies. As a result, dosing extrapolation can lead to increased toxicity or efficacy failures in neonates. Driven by these differences and recent legislation mandating the study of drugs in children and neonates, an increasing number of pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotics are being performed in neonates. These studies have led to new dosing recommendations with particular consideration for neonate body size and maturation. Herein, we highlight the available pharmacokinetic data for commonly used systemic antibiotics in neonates.

Home delivery and neonatal mortality in North Carolina.

Science.gov (United States)

Burnett, C A; Jones, J A; Rooks, J; Chen, C H; Tyler, C W; Miller, C A

1980-12-19

Neonatal mortality examined by place and circumstances of delivery in North Carolina during 1974 through 1976 with attention given to home delivery. Planned home deliveries by lay-midwives resulted in three neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; planned home deliveries without a lay-midwife, 30 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; and unplanned home deliveries, 120 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. The women babies were delivered by lay-midwives were screened in county health departments and found to be medically at low risk of complication, despite having demographic characteristics associated with high-risk of neonatal mortality. Conversely, the women delivered at home without known prenatal screening or a trained attendant had low-risk demographic characteristics but experienced a high rate of neonatal mortality. Planning, prenatal screening, and attendant-training were important in differentiating the risk of neonatal mortality in this uncontrolled, observational study.

Diagnostic imaging in neonatal stroke; Bildgebende Diagnostik des Neonatal stroke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuhle, S.; Ipsiroglu, O.; Weninger, M. [Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Wien (Austria). Abt. fuer Neonatologie, angeborene Stoerungen und Intensivmedizin; Puig, S.; Prayer, D. [Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria)

2000-01-01

A cerebral artery infarction is an important differential diagnosis in the newborn with neurological abnormalities. Based on clinical data, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 4000 newborns. Since the course is often subclinical, the true incidence is probably higher. Diagnosis: Cerebral ultrasound and Doppler sonography as readily available screening tools play a central role in the initial diagnosis of neonatal cerebral infarction. Definitive diagnosis is made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside symptomatic anticonvulsive therapy, treatment aims at the prevention of secondary ischemic injury. Discussion: Three term infants with different clinical courses of neonatal stroke are presented to sensitize the clinician and the radiologist for this probably underdiagnosed entity. The role of imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal cerebral infarction is discussed. (orig.) [German] Ein Infarkt im Stromgebiet der Zerebralarterien stellt eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose bei neurologischen Auffaelligkeiten in der Neonatalperiode dar. Die Inzidenz wird anhand von klinischer Daten auf 1:4000 Lebendgeborene geschaetzt. Da der Verlauf oft subklinisch ist, liegt die wahre Inzidenz wahrscheinlich hoeher. Diagnose: Bei der Diagnosestellung kommen dem Schaedelultraschall und der Doppelsonographie als leicht verfuegbaren Screening-Methoden eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die definitive Diagnose wird, je nach Verfuegbarkeit, mittels Computertomographie oder Kernspintomographie gestellt. Die Behandlung ist neben der symptomatischen (antikonvulsiven) Therapie auf die Vermeidung von ischaemischen Sekundaerschaeden gerichtet. Diskussion: Wir wollen mit der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand von 3 Kindern mit verschiedenen klinischen Verlaeufen eines sog. Neonatal stroke den Stellenwert der bildgebenden Verfahren bei der Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle aufzeigen und die Sensibilitaet fuer dieses vermutlich unterdiagnostizierte Krankheitsbild erhoehen

A Study On Neonatal Mortality In Jamnagar District Of Gujarat

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Yadav Sudha

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Research question: Which are the maternal, socio-demographic and neonatal attributes responsible for neonatal mortality in rural areas of Gujarat? Objectives: (i To know various maternal, socio-demographic and neonatal factors responsible for neonatal mortality in rural areas of Gujarat (ii To estimate neonatal mortality rate in the area. Setting: Rural areas of six Primary Health Centers of Jamnagar district of Gujarat State. Study design: Community based cohort study. Sample size: Population of 40512 Participants: Members of the family in which neonatal deaths occurred. Outcome variable: Neonatal mortality Analysis: Sample proportions. Results: Neonatal mortality rate on the basis of follow-up of births during one year was found to be 47.27 per thousand live births. The major maternal and socio-demographic factors responsible for neonatal mortality were; maternal age, illiteracy, lack of antenatal care, closely spaced pregnancies, delivery conducted at home, delivery conducted untrained personnel and delayed initiation of breast feeding. The major neonatal factors responsible for mortality in neonates were; low birth weight, prematurity, first order of birth, early phase of neonatal period, male gender of the child. The leading causes of neonatal mortality were found to be prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal infections and congenital anomalies.

[Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in neonates].

Science.gov (United States)

Lachassinne, E; Letamendia-Richard, E; Gaudelus, J

2004-03-01

Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in neonates has to be described according to our definitions (early onset GBS diseases excluded) and according to levels of care. Nosocomial risk exists in maternity departments (3% in postnatal beds), incidence rates are 7.5-12.7% or 1.3-8.5 per 1000 days in neonatal care units and 14.2% or 11.7 per 1000 days in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Gram-positive cocci bloodstream infections are the most common nosocomial infections in NICU but viral gastroenteritis are more frequent in neonatal care units. Risk factors are low birthweight, small gestational age and intravascular catheter in NICU, and for viral nosocomial infections, visits and winter outbreaks.

Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medicines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nellis, Georgi; Metsvaht, Tuuli; Varendi, Heili

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe administration of eight potentially harmful excipients of interest (EOI)-parabens, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, benzoates, saccharin sodium, sorbitol, ethanol and benzalkonium chloride-to hospitalised neonates in Europe and to identify risk factors for exposure....... METHODS: All medicines administered to neonates during 1 day with individual prescription and demographic data were registered in a web-based point prevalence study. Excipients were identified from the Summaries of Product Characteristics. Determinants of EOI administration (geographical region......, gestational age (GA), active pharmaceutical ingredient, unit level and hospital teaching status) were identified using multivariable logistical regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall 89 neonatal units from 21 countries participated. Altogether 2095 prescriptions for 530 products administered to 726 neonates...

Efectos adversos de la acumulación renal de hemoproteínas. Nuevas herramientas terapéuticas

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Melania Guerrero-Hue

2018-01-01

Full Text Available La hemoglobina y la mioglobina son hemoproteínas que juegan un papel fundamental en el organismo ya que participan en el transporte de oxígeno. Sin embargo, debido a su estructura química, estas moléculas pueden ejercer efectos deletéreos cuando se liberan al torrente sanguíneo de forma masiva, como sucede en determinadas condiciones patológicas asociadas a rabdomiólisis o hemólisis intravascular. Una vez en el plasma, estas hemoproteínas se pueden filtrar y acumular en el riñón, donde resultan citotóxicas, principalmente para el epitelio tubular, e inducen fracaso renal agudo y enfermedad renal crónica. En la presente revisión analizaremos los distintos contextos patológicos que provocan la acumulación renal de estas hemoproteínas, su relación con la pérdida de función renal a corto y largo plazo, los mecanismos fisiopatólogicos responsables de sus efectos adversos y los sistemas de defensa que contrarrestan tales acciones. Por último, describiremos los distintos tratamientos utilizados actualmente y mostraremos nuevas opciones terapéuticas basadas en la identificación de nuevas dianas celulares y moleculares, prestando especial atención a los diversos ensayos clínicos que se encuentran en marcha en la actualidad.

[Lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea].

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Hui-Min; Jiang, Yi; Hu, Yu-Lian; Yang, Hui; Dong, Tian-Jin

2016-04-01

To investigate the development of lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea and its association with diarrhea, and to evaluate the diagnostic values of fecal pH value and urine galactose determination for neonatal lactase deficiency. Seventy hospitalized neonates who developed non-infectious diarrhea between October 2012 and June 2015 were enrolled as the diarrhea group, and 162 hospitalized neonates without non-infectious diarrhea were enrolled as the non-diarrhea group. Test paper was used to determine fecal pH value. The galactose oxidase method was used to detect urine galactose. The neonates with positive galactose oxidase were diagnosed with lactase deficiency, and those with lactase deficiency and diarrhea were diagnosed with lactose intolerance. According to the results of urine galactose detection, 69 neonates in the diarrhea group who underwent urine galactose detection were classified into lactose intolerance group (45 neonates) and lactose tolerance group (24 neonates), and their conditions after treatment were compared between the two groups. The follow-up visits were performed for neonates with diarrhea at 3 months after discharge. Fecal pH value and positive rate of urine galactose (65% vs 54%) showed no significant differences between the diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups (P>0.05). Fecal pH value showed no significant difference between the lactose intolerance and lactose tolerance groups (P>0.05), while the neonates in the lactose intolerance group had a significantly longer time to recovery of defecation than those in the lactose tolerance group (Plactose intolerance tends to occur. Determination of fecal pH value has no significance in the diagnosis of lactose intolerance in neonates with diarrhea.

Surgical procedures performed in the neonatal intensive care unit on critically ill neonates: feasibility and safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mallick, M.S.; Jado, A.M.; Al-Bassam, A.R.

2008-01-01

Transferring unstable, ill neonates to and from the operating rooms carries significant risks and can lead to morbidity. We report on our experience in performing certain procedures in critically ill neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We examined the feasibility and safety for such an approach. All surgical procedures performed in the NICU between January 1999 and December 2005 were analyzed in terms of demographic data, diagnosis, preoperative stability of the patient, procedures performed, complications and outcome. Operations were performed at beside in the NICU in critically ill, unstable neonates who needed emergency surgery, in neonates of low birth weight (<1000 gm) and in neonates on special equipments like higher frequency ventilators and nitrous oxide. Thirty-seven surgical procedures were performed including 12 laparotomies, bowel resection and stomies, 7 repairs of congenital diaphragmatic hernias, 4 ligations of patent ductus arteriosus and various others. Birth weights ranged between 850 gm and 3500 gm (mean 2000 gm). Gestational age ranged between 25 to 42 weeks (mean, 33 weeks). Age at surgery was between 1 to 30 days (mean, 30 days). Preoperatively, 19 patients (51.3%) were on inotropic support and all were intubated and mechanically ventilated. There was no mortality related to surgical procedures. Postoperatively, one patient developed wound infection and disruption. Performing major surgical procedures in the NICU is both feasible and safe. It is useful in very low birth weight, critically ill neonates who have definite risk attached to transfer to the operating room. No special area is needed in the NICU to perform complication-free surgery, but designing an operating room within the NICU will be ideal. (author)

Avaliação do perfil metabólico, nutricional e efeitos adversos de crianças com epilepsia refratária em uso da dieta cetogênica Assessment of serum biochemistry, nutritional status and adverse effects of children with refractory epilepsy using the ketogenic diet

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Sueli Rizzutti

2006-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos adversos, o perfil metabólico e o crescimento pôndero-estatural de crianças com crises epilépticas de difícil controle, as quais foram submetidas a dieta cetogênica. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 23 pacientes na faixa etária de 2 até 17 anos com epilepsia de difícil controle medicamentoso, sendo 43,5% (n=10 do sexo masculino e 56,5% (n=13 do sexo feminino, provenientes do Setor de Neuropediatria da Disciplina de Neurologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram submetidos a dieta cetogênica e acompanhados por um período mínimo de um ano. Dois pacientes não conseguiram manter a cetose por falta de adesão dos pais à dieta. RESULTADOS: Os efeitos adversos encontrados foram reversíveis, incluindo hiperlipidemia, obstipação (17,4%, náuseas e vômitos (43,4%, sonolência (47,8%, infecções intercorrentes (3,0%, recusa da dieta (13,0% e epistaxe (4,3%. O crescimento pôndero-estatural não foi afetado, tendo o peso e a estatura seguido o percentil adequado. CONCLUSÃO: A dieta cetogênica pode constituir-se em uma alternativa segura e efetiva para o tratamento de crianças com epilepsia refratária.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate adverse events, serum biochemistry, growth and nutritional status of children with difficult-to-control seizures who were submitted to ketogenic diet. METHODS: Twenty-three patients aging from 2 to 17 years with refractory epilepsies, where 43.5% (n=10 were males and 56.5% (n=13 females from the Sector of Neuropediatrics, Discipline of Neurology of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, were treated with the ketogenic diet and followed up for at least 1 year. Two patients were not able to achieve persistent ketosis either because they rejected the diets or their parents did not comply. RESULTS: Adverse events were all reversible and included hyperlipidemia, constipation (17.4%, nausea and vomiting (43.4%, drowsiness (47.8%, intercurrent infections (3

Propuesta de gestión para reducción de costos de no calidad, causados por la ocurrencia de sucesos adversos en ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales) Colombia, período Abril a Septiembre de 2014

OpenAIRE

Villa Gallón, Jazmín Eliana

2014-01-01

Tesis (Especialista en Gerencia de la Calidad). Universidad Católica de Manizales, Facultad de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 2014 El presente trabajo tiene por objeto aportar elementos estratégicos, tácticos y operativos para impactar en la disminución de los costos de no calidad ocasionados por la ocurrencia de los sucesos adversos en la institución de salud objeto de estudio. Es de resaltar que la Seguridad del Paciente como política ha tomado gran relevancia a nivel n...

Late gadolinium enhancement by magnetic resonance explains adverse cardiac events in individuals with ventricular arrhythmia; Realce tardío con gadolinio por resonancia magnética explica eventos cardíacos adversos en individuos con arritmia ventricular

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtis, J.; Vasallo, J.; Arabia, L. [Departamento de Imágenes, Cardiología Intervencionista y Electrofisiología Instituto Oulton, Córdoba (Argentina); Dimitroff, M.; Gonzalez, A. [Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Códoba (Argentina); Tibaldi, M., E-mail: javiercourtis@oulton.com.ar [Técnicas no Invasivas y Arritmias, Instituto Modelo de Cardiología, Córdoba (Argentina)

2012-07-01

) predice eventos cardíacos adversos en pacientes con arritmia ventricular. Métodos: se seleccionaron 74 pacientes consecutivos con arritmia ventricular sintomática (extrasístoles ventriculares y taquicardia ventricular) y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) >55% enviados a RMC para evaluación de cardiopatía estructural no detectada previamente por otros métodos complementarios. Se analizó el RTG, la función sistólica y los volúmenes de ambos ventrículos. En el seguimiento se evaluó un punto final combinado: hospitalización por arritmia ventricular, descarga apropiada de cardiodesfibrilador implantable y muerte cardíaca. Resultados: durante una mediana de seguimiento de 575 días (rango intercuartil 24-1120 días) y al analizar la población según tuvieran (n=9, 12%) o no (n=65, 88%) RTG se observó que el grupo con Gd positivo presentaba una FEVI menor (58% vs. 66% respectivamente, p=0.01) y volúmenes mayores (VTD: 185 ml vs. 123 ml respectivamente, p=0.01 y VTS: 81 ml vs. 42 ml respectivamente, p=0.01) que el otro grupo. Dos (22%) pacientes del grupo RTG positivo vs. 1 (4%) de aquellos sin RTG presentaron el punto final combinado (p=0.01) y al realizar un análisis de regresión logística se halló que el RTG es predictor de los eventos cardíacos adversos analizados (p=0.029). Conclusiones: en esta serie consecutiva de pacientes con arritmia ventricular demostramos una fuerte asociación entre el RTG miocárdico y eventos cardíacos adversos; esto soporta la hipótesis que la fibrosis miocárdica es un importante sustrato arritmogénico. Además, casi la totalidad de los individuos sin RTG estuvieron libres de eventos en el seguimiento sugiriendo que es posible identificar a través de la RMC sujetos de bajo riesgo los cuales pueden ser tratados conservadoramente. (autores)

Radiologic findings of neonatal sepsis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sam Soo; Han, Dae Hee; Choi, Guk Myeong; Jung, Hye Won; Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bokyung Kim; Lee, Nam Yong

1997-01-01

To review the simple radiographic and sonographic findings in infants with neonatal sepsis. We retrospectively analyzed simple chest and abdominal radiographs, and brain sonograms in 36 newborn infants (preterm : term=23 :13). With neonatal sepsis diagnosed by blood culture and clinical manifestations. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate excluding respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema or atelectasis was found in 22 infants (61%). Paralytic ileus, hepatosplenomegaly, and necrotizing enterocolitis were present in 18(50%), 9(25%), and 1(3%) infants, respectively, while skeletal changes suggesting osteomyelitis were found in three. Brain sonography was performed in 29 infants and in four, abnormalities were seen ; these comprised three germinal matrix hemorrhages and one intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In six patients(17%) radiologic examinations revealed no abnormality. In patients with neonatal sepsis, pulmonary infiltrates and paralytic ileus were common abnormalities. Although these were nonspecific, radiologic findings may be used to supplement clinical and laboratory findings in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and planning its treatment

Radiologic findings of neonatal sepsis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sam Soo; Han, Dae Hee; Choi, Guk Myeong; Jung, Hye Won [Seoul National Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bokyung Kim; Lee, Nam Yong [Sansung Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-06-01

To review the simple radiographic and sonographic findings in infants with neonatal sepsis. We retrospectively analyzed simple chest and abdominal radiographs, and brain sonograms in 36 newborn infants (preterm : term=23 :13). With neonatal sepsis diagnosed by blood culture and clinical manifestations. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate excluding respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema or atelectasis was found in 22 infants (61%). Paralytic ileus, hepatosplenomegaly, and necrotizing enterocolitis were present in 18(50%), 9(25%), and 1(3%) infants, respectively, while skeletal changes suggesting osteomyelitis were found in three. Brain sonography was performed in 29 infants and in four, abnormalities were seen ; these comprised three germinal matrix hemorrhages and one intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In six patients(17%) radiologic examinations revealed no abnormality. In patients with neonatal sepsis, pulmonary infiltrates and paralytic ileus were common abnormalities. Although these were nonspecific, radiologic findings may be used to supplement clinical and laboratory findings in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and planning its treatment.

Neonatal hypothermia in sub-Saharan Africa: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Onalo, R

2013-01-01

Hypothermia is a major factor in neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. High prevalence of hypothermia has been reported widely even from warmer tropical countries. In spite of the World Health Organization's recommendation of maintenance of warm chain in newborn care, hypothermia continues to be a common neonatal condition which has remained under-recognized, under-documented, and poorly-managed. This review aims at providing the incidence of and risk factors for neonatal hypothermia as well as provides a pathophysiological overview and management options for neonates with the condition in sub-Saharan Africa. All available published literature on neonatal hypothermia was searched electronically and manually. The principal electronic reference libraries and sites searched were PubMed, Embase, Ajol, Cochrane Reference Libraries and Google Scholar. The search terms used included 'neonatal hypothermia,' 'Cold stress in newborn' 'thermal care of the newborn,' 'neonatal thermogenesis,' 'neonatal cold injury,' among others. Pertinent books and monographs were accessed. Data in formats inaccessible to the reviewer were excluded. Neonatal hypothermia is a major condition of public health importance in countries of sub- Saharan Africa. Awareness of the burden of the disease is still low in some communities. Risk factors for neonatal hypothermia in the region include poverty, home delivery, low birthweight, early bathing of babies, delayed initiation of breastfeeding and inadequate knowledge among health workers. Low-tech facilities to prevent heat losses and provide warmth are available in sub-Saharan Africa and are thus recommended as well as continuous efforts at sensitizing caregivers on the thermal needs of newborns.

Triagem auditiva neonatal com emissões otoacusticas e reflexo cocleo-palpebral: estudo da sensibilidade e especificidade Newborn Hearing Screening with otoacoustic emissions and cochlear-palpebral reflex: sensitivity and specificity study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosanna Mariangela Giaffredo Angrisani

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar a especificidade e sensibilidade da TAN com emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estimulo transiente (EOAT associadas à pesquisa do reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP, comparando-os aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE. MÉTODO: a casuística do presente estudo foi composta por 369 RN de risco para deficiência auditiva que foram submetidos à triagem com a captação das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e pesquisa do reflexo cócleo- palpebral. Os resultados foram comparados aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE. RESULTADOS: a incidência do tipo da perda auditiva na população geral foi de 4RN (1,1% com perda coclear, 22 (5,9% com perda condutiva, 2 (0,5% com espectro da neuropatia auditiva (ENA, 14 (3,8% com alteração central e 15 (4,1% com atraso de maturação da via auditiva. A TAN mostrou 100% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva; 77,3% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações condutivas e 42,9% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações centrais. Todos os achados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação aos neonatos auditivamente normais. CONCLUSÃO: este protocolo de TAN mostrou-se eficaz na detecção de RN com alterações de cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva com sensibilidade e especificidade elevadas.PURPOSE: to study the specificity and sensitivity of NHS with otoacoustic emissions transient stimulus (TEOAE associated with cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR, and comparing the results of Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP. METHOD: three hundred and sixty-nine neonates under risk of hearing loss were evaluated. Evaluation procedures consisted of transient otocoustic emissions(TOAEs, cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR, and ABR diagnostic carried out in the

iNICU - Integrated Neonatal Care Unit: Capturing Neonatal Journey in an Intelligent Data Way.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Harpreet; Yadav, Gautam; Mallaiah, Raghuram; Joshi, Preetha; Joshi, Vinay; Kaur, Ravneet; Bansal, Suneyna; Brahmachari, Samir K

2017-08-01

Neonatal period represents first 28 days of life, which is the most vulnerable time for a child's survival especially for the preterm babies. High neonatal mortality is a prominent and persistent problem across the globe. Non-availability of trained staff and infrastructure are the major recognized hurdles in the quality care of these neonates. Hourly progress growth charts and reports are still maintained manually by nurses along with continuous calculation of drug dosage and nutrition as per the changing weight of the baby. iNICU (integrated Neonatology Intensive Care Unit) leverages Beaglebone and Intel Edison based IoT integration with biomedical devices in NICU i.e. monitor, ventilator and blood gas machine. iNICU is hosted on IBM Softlayer based cloud computing infrastructure and map NICU workflow in Java based responsive web application to provide translational research informatics support to the clinicians. iNICU captures real time vital parameters i.e. respiration rate, heart rate, lab data and PACS amounting for millions of data points per day per child. Stream of data is sent to Apache Kafka layer which stores the same in Apache Cassandra NoSQL. iNICU also captures clinical data like feed intake, urine output, and daily assessment of child in PostgreSQL database. It acts as first Big Data hub (of both structured and unstructured data) of neonates across India offering temporal (longitudinal) data of their stay in NICU and allow clinicians in evaluating efficacy of their interventions. iNICU leverages drools based clinical rule based engine and deep learning based big data analytical model coded in R and PMML. iNICU solution aims to improve care time, fills skill gap, enable remote monitoring of neonates in rural regions, assists in identifying the early onset of disease, and reduction in neonatal mortality.

21 CFR 880.5270 - Neonatal eye pad.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... DEVICES GENERAL HOSPITAL AND PERSONAL USE DEVICES General Hospital and Personal Use Therapeutic Devices § 880.5270 Neonatal eye pad. (a) Identification. A neonatal eye pad is an opaque device used to cover... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Neonatal eye pad. 880.5270 Section 880.5270 Food...

Neonatal bacteriemia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit (NICU at Beasat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parvin Mohammadi

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Bacteremia continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among neonates. There is scarce data on neonatal bacteremia in among Iranian neonates. In this study, we determined neonatal bacteremia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit at Beasat hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. During one year, all neonates admitted to the NICU were evaluated. Staphylococcal isolates were subjected to determine the prevalence of MRS and mecA gene. A total of 355 blood cultures from suspected cases of sepsis were processed, of which 27 (7.6% were positive for bacterial growth. Of the 27 isolates, 20 (74% were Staphylococcus spp as the leading cause of bacteremia. The incidence of Gram negative bacteria was 04 (14.8%. The isolated bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Maximum resistance among Staphylococcus spp was against Penicillin, and Ampicillin. In our study, the isolated bacteria were 7.5 % Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin sensitive. Oxacillin disk diffusion and PCR screened 35% and 30% mec a positive Staphylococcus spp. The spectrum of neonatal bacteremia as seen in NICU at Beasat hospital confirmed the importance of pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. Penicillin, Ampicillin and Cotrimoxazol resistance was high in theses isolates with high mecA gene carriage, probably due to antibiotic selection.

Reduced nephron endowment in the neonates of Indigenous Australian peoples.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandasamy, Y; Smith, R; Wright, I M R; Lumbers, E R

2014-02-01

Rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Indigenous groups in Australia exceed non-Indigenous rates eight-fold. Using kidney volume as a surrogate for nephron number, we carried out a study to determine if Indigenous neonates have a smaller kidney volume (and thus a reduced nephron number) from birth compared with non-Indigenous neonates. We recruited term and preterm neonates (Indigenous) and 39 term (13 Indigenous) neonates. TKV of Indigenous neonates was significantly lower at 32 weeks [12.0 (2.0) v. 15.4 (5.1) ml; P=0.03] and 38 weeks CA [18.6 (4.0) v. 22.6 (5.9) ml; P=0.04] respectively. Term Indigenous neonates also had smaller kidney volumes compared with non-Indigenous neonates. Despite a smaller kidney volume (and reduced nephron number), Indigenous neonates did not have a significantly lower eGFR. Indigenous neonates achieve similar eGFRs to Non-Indigenous neonates, presumably through a higher single nephron filtration rate. This places Indigenous neonates at a greater risk of long-term kidney damage later in life.

Neonatal herpes in Denmark 1977-1991

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fonnest, G; de la Fuente Fonnest, I; Weber, Tom

1997-01-01

BACKGROUND: To prevent neonatal herpes, women in labor with genital herpes infection are still delivered by Cesarean section. This policy is currently being debated. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal herpes in Denmark and to evaluate the prevention practice. METHODS...... herpes recurrence. Four infants had a serious infection in spite of Cesarean section. This study does not support a policy of Cesarean section in case of maternal recurrent herpes simplex infection at delivery.......BACKGROUND: To prevent neonatal herpes, women in labor with genital herpes infection are still delivered by Cesarean section. This policy is currently being debated. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal herpes in Denmark and to evaluate the prevention practice. METHODS......: All newborns with perinatal herpes in Denmark 1977-1991 were identified from hospital-records. RESULTS: Of 862,298 deliveries 136 possible cases were found but only 30 (22%) fulfilled the criteria for neonatal herpes. The incidence increased from 2.36 to 4.56 per 100,000 live births during 1977...

Incidence of congenital heart disease among neonates in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, S.; Sabir, M.U.

2014-01-01

Objectives: To determine the incidence and pattern of various congenital heart disease in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the neonatal unit of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from September 2008 to August 2011. All 5800 neonates admitted with gestational age of >28 weeks irrespective of birthweight were included in the study. Neonatologist/Paediatrician carried out the neonatal examination during the first 12 hours of life. Neonates suspected of having congenital heart disease were further evaluated by pulse oxymetry, X-ray chest and echocardiography to ascertain final diagnosis and type of lesion. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma containing information regarding gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, weight at birth, family history, and associated malformations. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 5800 neonates, 87 (1.5%) were found to have congenital heart disease with an incidence of 15/1000. There was a male preponderance. Most common lesion was ventricular septal defect 27(31.3%), followed by atrial septal defect 20 (22.9%), patent ductus arteriosus 13 (14.94%), tetralogy of fallot 06 (6.89%), transposition of great arteries 04 (4.59%), Pulmonary stenosis 05 (5.79%) and 03(3.44%) had atrioventricular canal defects. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is a common congenital anomaly. Its incidence varies from centre to centre due to different factors like nature of the sample, method of detection and early examination by a neonatologist/paediatrician. In this study a higher incidence is reported because it was carried out in a tertiary care unit, which is a referral hospital and all the neonates admitted in the unit were included in the study. (author)

Neonatal Bartter Syndrome in association with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a neonate - a rare combination.

Science.gov (United States)

Hussain, Shabbir

2016-05-01

Neonatal Bartter syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubulopathy characterized by hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis associated with increased urinary loss of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride. There is hyperreninaemia and hyperaldosteronaemia but normotension. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), another autosomal recessive condition, may present in the neonatal period with vomiting, hypovolaemia, failure to gain weight or ambiguous genitalia. We report a case of NBS and CAH combination in a neonate. A male neonate born at term was admitted with history of recurrent vomiting and dehydration episodes. Investigations revealed electrolytes imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, raised aldosterone and renin levels suggestive of NBS. He was treated successfully and discharged. He was re-admitted with the same symptoms. Further evaluation confirmed the presence of CAH as well. We report this case because of the rarity of this combination (NBS plus CAH) and to the best of our knowledge this is the first such case report from Pakistan.

Simultaneous occurrence of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and neonatal neutropenia due to maternal neutrophilic autoantibodies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taaning, Ellen; Jensen, Lise; Varming, Kim

2012-01-01

Foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) and neonatal neutropenia caused by maternal autoantibodies against neutrophils are rare disorders. We describe a newborn with severe thrombocytopenia and intracerebral bleeding caused by maternal anti-HPA-3a alloantibodies and mild neutropenia...

Acute renal failure: Nephrosonographic findings in asphyxiated neonates

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Mohd. Ashraf

2011-01-01

Full Text Available To determine the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF and nephrosonographic findings among asphyxiated neonates, and to correlate this with uric acid levels and the severity of hypoxic encephalopathy, we studied 80 full-term appropriate-for-date singleton neonates with perinatal asphyxia, and 30 healthy full-term neonates as controls from March 2006 to February 2007. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination along with investigations, including urine examination, 24-h urine collection, ultrasonography of abdomen and cranium, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid were obtained. ARF developed in 45% (36/80 of the asphyxiated neonates. Forty-eight (60% neonates showed significant elevation of blood urea and 41 (51.3% neonates had significant elevation of serum creatinine than the control group (P < 0.001. Sixty-two (77.5% neonates developed significant elevation of serum uric acid levels, and nephrosonography revealed hyperechogenicity in all of them, while only two among the healthy neonates showed the raised uric acid levels (P < 0.001. Nonoliguric renal failure was seen 28/36 (77.8% of the neonates with ARF, whereas eight (22.2% neonates had oliguric renal failure. Eight (27.8% patients among ARF patients maintained abnormal biochemical parameters after 2 weeks, and of whom four patients died after variable lengths of time with a mortality rate of 11.11%. Kidneys are the most common organs involved in perinatal asphyxia, and uric acid might be a causative factor for failure in addition to hypoxic insult. Routine use of kidney function test, along with abdominal ultrasonography form an important screening tool to detect any additional morbidity in these patients.

Intracranial complications of Serratia marcescens infection in neonates.

Science.gov (United States)

Madide, Ayanda; Smith, Johan

2016-03-15

Even though Serratia marcescens is not one of the most common causes of infection in neonates, it is associated with grave morbidity and mortality. We describe the evolution of brain parenchymal affectation observed in association with S. marcescens infection in neonates. This retrospective case series details brain ultrasound findings of five neonates with hospital-acquired S. marcescens infection. Neonatal S. marcescens infection with or without associated meningitis can be complicated by brain parenchymal affectation, leading to cerebral abscess formation. It is recommended that all neonates with this infection should undergo neuro-imaging more than once before discharge from hospital; this can be achieved using bedside ultrasonography.

Status of Neonatal Pain Assessment and Management in Jordan.

Science.gov (United States)

Abdel Razeq, Nadin M; Akuma, Akuma O; Jordan, Sue

2016-08-01

Current pain assessment and management in neonates need to be fully described before neonatal pain care can be optimized. This study's purpose was to report neonatal nurses' knowledge, existing pain assessment practice, and pharmacological pain management of neonates in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Eighteen neonatal intensive care units in Jordan were included in the study. One hundred eighty-four neonatal nurses participated. Questionnaires were distributed by and returned to the neonatal intensive care units' managers between June and August 2014. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present study results. Of 240 questionnaires distributed, 184 useable responses were returned. Nurses' knowledge regarding neonates' neurological development, nociception, and need for neonatal pain management was suboptimal. The analgesics most commonly used to treat neonatal pain were acetaminophen (52%) and lidocaine (45%). Benzodiazepines, phenobarbitone, and muscles relaxants were also used. Most nurses (54%-97%) reported that pain emanating from most painful procedures was never or rarely treated. Circumcision, lumbar punctures, and chest tube insertion were assigned the highest pain scores (≥9), but were rarely accompanied by analgesia. Pain assessment scales were more likely to be used, and procedural pain was more likely to be treated, in private hospitals than public hospitals. Neonates who require special care still suffer unnecessary pain that could be avoided and managed by following best practice recommendations. Disparities between developed and developing countries in quality of neonatal pain care appear to exist. Resources for education and routine care are needed to address these discrepancies. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NEONATES (BIRTH – 1 MONTH)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Chantel

Major defects in neonatal skin have serious consequences for the health of the baby, but fortunately these are very rare. Early diagnosis of the genodermatoses can be life-saving. Birthmarks, also known as naevi, are usually first noted in neonates, and can be very alarming for parents. A variety of infections can.

Neonatal Listeriosis

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Shih-Yu Chen

2007-01-01

Full Text Available In Western developed countries, Listeria monocytogenes is not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. However, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in Taiwan. We describe two cases collected from a single medical institute between 1990 and 2005. Case 1 was a male premature baby weighing 1558 g with a gestational age of 31 weeks whose mother had fever with chills 3 days prior to delivery. Generalized maculopapular rash was found after delivery and subtle seizure developed. Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture collected on the 1st day yielded L. monocytogenes. In addition, he had ventriculitis complicated with hydrocephalus. Neurologic development was normal over 1 year of follow-up after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. Case 2 was a 28-weeks' gestation male premature baby weighing 1180 g. Endotracheal intubation and ventilator support were provided after delivery due to respiratory distress. Blood culture yielded L. monocyto-genes. Cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis but the culture was negative. Brain ultrasonography showed ventriculitis. Sudden deterioration with cyanosis and bradycardia developed on the 8th day and he died on the same day. Neonatal listeriosis is uncommon in Taiwan, but has significant mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis of perinatal infection relies on high index of suspicion in perinatal health care professionals. [J Formos Med Assoc 2007;106(2:161-164

Otosclerose: resultados de estapedotomias

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Testa José Ricardo Gurgel

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Otospongiose ou otosclerose é uma moléstia heredo-degenerativa da cápsula labiríntica relativamente comum e que ocorre principalmente em mulheres entre 20 e 30 anos de idade. Nas últimas décadas a estapedotomia tem sido uma técnica preferida por muitos cirurgiões para o tratamento da otosclerose. Assim, esse trabalho analisa os resultados de 59 estapedotomias realizadas no Hospital Paulista de Otorrinolaringologia nos últimos 7 anos. Forma de estudo: Clínico randomizado. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 59 pacientes com otosclerose, submetidos a estapedotomia por um mesmo cirurgião, e com seguimento clínico e audiométrico. Resultados: Melhora auditiva comprovada pelo fechamento do gap na audiometria em 53 pacientes (90%. Complicações ocorridas são relacionadas por ordem decrescente de freqüência: deslocamento da prótese (7%, alterações no paladar (7%, paralisia facial (3%, vertigem (3%, extrusão total da prótese (1,5%, tinnitus persistente (1,5%, perfuração da membrana timpânica (1,5%. Conclusão: A estapedotomia vem se mostrando uma boa opção terapêutica, já que, em geral, apresenta baixa morbidade e altas taxas de sucesso, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida para os portadores de otosclerose.

O cuidado de enfermagem ao neonato pré-termo em unidade neonatal: perspectiva de profissionais de enfermagem

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Loiana Gomes Silva

2012-09-01

Full Text Available A prematuridade põe em risco a vida de neonatos pela imaturidade morfológica e funcional de seus órgãos. Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar a práxis cuidativa da equipe de enfermagem de uma Unidade Neonatal ao neonato pré-termo. Trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido na Unidade Neonatal de um hospital público em Jequié-BA com onze profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, estes foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais de enfermagem focam suas práticas cuidativas ao neonato pré-termo com predominância nos aspectos biológicos, embora valorizem os aspectos subjetivos que envolvem o cuidado de enfermagem. Dessa maneira, faz-se necessário a implantação das normas de humanização de cuidado aos neonatos pré-termo de modo que os profissionais de enfermagem possam incorporar na íntegra os seus pressupostos.

Imaging findings of neonatal adrenal disorders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bo Kyung; Lee, Min Hee

1999-01-01

In newborn infants, normal adrenal glands are characterized by a relatively thin echogenic center surrounded by a thick, hypoechoic cortical rim as seen on ultrasound (US). Various disorders involving the neonatal adrenal gland include adrenal hemorrhage, hyperplasia, cyst, Wolman's disease, and congenital neuroblastoma. Adrenal hemorrhage is the most common cause of an adrenal mass in the neonate, though differentiation between adrenal hemorrhage and neuroblastoma is in many cases difficult. We describe characteristic US, CT and MR imaging findings in neonates with various adrenal disorders

Imaging findings of neonatal adrenal disorders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bo Kyung; Lee, Min Hee [Sungkyunkwan Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1999-01-01

In newborn infants, normal adrenal glands are characterized by a relatively thin echogenic center surrounded by a thick, hypoechoic cortical rim as seen on ultrasound (US). Various disorders involving the neonatal adrenal gland include adrenal hemorrhage, hyperplasia, cyst, Wolman's disease, and congenital neuroblastoma. Adrenal hemorrhage is the most common cause of an adrenal mass in the neonate, though differentiation between adrenal hemorrhage and neuroblastoma is in many cases difficult. We describe characteristic US, CT and MR imaging findings in neonates with various adrenal disorders.

Aquisição de uma tarefa espacial por ratos submetidos a lesão hipocampal neonatal induzida por radiação ionizante Acquisition of a non-matching to place task by rats with neonatal hippocampal lesion induced by ionizing radiation

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Valéria Catelli Infantozzi Costa

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Costa, Bueno e Xavier (2005 mostraram que ratos com lesão do giro denteado hipocampal produzida por colchicina apresentam prejuízo de desempenho em testes pós-operatórios em uma tarefa espacial de discriminação condicional (tarefa de non-matching-to-place, NMTP, embora o treino repetitivo promova recuperação do desempenho dos animais lesados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de ratos com danos seletivos no giro denteado, induzidos pela exposição neonatal a radiação ionizante, na tarefa de NMTP. O grupo irradiado apresentou prejuízo nas primeiras sessões de treino quando comparado ao grupo controle; porém, seu desempenho se igualou ao dos animais controles nas últimas sessões, replicando resultados anteriores. Os resultados são discutidos no contexto da teoria do mapa espacial cognitivo.Costa, Bueno e Xavier (2005 showed that rats with hippocampus dentate gyrus lesions produced by colchicine have post-surgical tests deficits in spatial tasks involving conditional discrimination (non-matching-to-place, NMTP, although repetitive training does promote the recovery of the lamed subject's performance. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the performance of rats with selective lesions of dentate gyrus induced by neonatal ionizing radiation in the NMTP task. The irradiated group showed deficits in the first training sessions when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, the performance of lesion and control groups was similar at the end of the sessions, as previously reported. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive map theory.

Triagem auditiva neonatal: incidência de deficiência auditiva neonatal sob a perspectiva da nova legislação paulista Neonatal auditory screening: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in the context of the new São Paulo legislation

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Khalil Fouad Hanna

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: identificar a incidência de recém-nascidos com deficiência auditiva, em maternidade particular da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte transversal, realizado no período de 2004 a 2008, em maternidade localizada na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, com 20.615 recém-nascidos de ambos os sexos, sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e submetidos à triagem auditiva neonatal. O teste foi realizado por intermédio das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOAET. Os pacientes que falharam nas EOAET nas duas fases foram encaminhados para a realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo do Tronco Encefálico (PEATE para a confirmação da deficiência auditiva neonatal. Empregou-se o Teste Exato de Fischer e o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05 oupOBJECTIVES: to determine the incidence of hearing impairment in newborns, at a private maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: a cross-sectional cohort study was carried out covering the period between 2004 and 2008, at a maternity hospital located in the southern zone of the city of São Paulo, including 20,615 newborns of both sexes, with no risk factors for hearing impairment and who had undergone neonatal auditory screening. The test was carried out using the Evoked Transient Otoacoustic Emissions test. Patients who failed both phases of this test were referred to do a Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential test to confirm the presence of neonatal auditory deficiency. Fischer 's exact test was used with a level of significance of 0.05 orp<0.05. RESULTS: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment found in this study was 1.2/1000. CONCLUSION: state legislation allows neonatal auditory screening to be more effective in achieving early detection of neonatal hearing impairment. Neonatal auditory screening prevents future impairment of oral development and language acquisition in a social, professional and educational context.

Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sepse neonatal precoce em hospital da rede pública do Brasil Risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis in Brazilian public hospital short-title: early-onset neonatal sepsis

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Ana Paula Goulart

2006-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O conhecimento dos fatores de risco associados à sepse neonatal precoce em unidade de neonatologia, inserida na realidade de nosso sistema de saúde, no sentido de se detectar, prevenir e adotar medidas específicas e reduzir as taxas de mortalidade nessa faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores de risco associados a sepse neonatal precoce em hospital de referência em neonatologia ligado à rede pública de saúde. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, prospectivo, tipo caso-controle. Foram incluídos os recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de sepse precoce e como controle, recém-nascidos sem infecção neonatal nascido na mesma data do recém-nascido considerado como caso. Foram incluídos 50 casos e três controles para cada caso, resultando em amostra total de 200 pacientes. Foi considerada estatisticamente significativa a associação quando p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The determination of the risk factors to early-onset neonatal sepsis in our country is essential to prevent and reduce the mortality associated with this syndrome. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated risk factors to early-onset neonatal sepsis in public hospital in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Observational, case-control study. Were included neonates with diagnostic of early-onset neonatal sepsis and as controls, neonates without neonatal infection. Were included 50 cases and 3 controls for each case resulting in a total sample of 200 patients. Associations were considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sepsis frequency was 50.3 per 1000 born-alive. Risk factors associated to the development of neonatal sepsis were prematurity (OR 9.33; p < 0.001, low birth weight (OR 11.74; p < 0.001, maternal infection (OR 2.28; p = 0.009, mother with history of previous infant with neonatal sepsis (OR 6.43; p = 0.035 and rupture of the membranes more than 18 hours before delivery

El dolor en los neonatos: enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico Pain in neonate infants: diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2000-04-01

Dermoeyector, el Bioeyector y similares que suministran la droga para la anestesia local o regional mediante el uso de gases comprimidos; la utilización de matrices o microesferas polimerizadas biodegradables que al colocarlas en sitios específicos como los nervios o plexos nerviosos liberan lentamente hasta por varios días la droga analgésica y anestésica, lo que permite el alivio prolongado del dolor; la colocación de parches para la aplicación transdérmica de drogas; la administración transtraqueal de opioides como el fentanil. En conclusión, es necesario concienciar acerca de que los neonatos experimentan dolor; que se tienen bases fisiológicas para evaluarlo y tratarlo y para disminuir su exposición a estímulos nocivos y minimizar los resultados adversos. Finalmente, se recomienda que las intervenciones sean efectivas y seguras en el alivio del dolor y el estrés. Neonate infants suffer unnecessary pain due to the complexity of their evaluation, the lack of training of health professionals, the fear to secondary effects of medications, and the presumption that they do not feel it. However, behavioural and physiologic indicators lead to conclude that neonates do feel pain, the prevention and treatment of which avoid suffering and harmful future effects. It is now known that neonates unadequately treated for pain will present learning difficulties and disorders of conduct, memory, socialization, self regulation and sentiment expression. Pain treatment should include humanized assistance, good techniques, precise instruments, and pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic approaches; included in the former are opioids, and in the latter adequate posture, caresses, lullaby, pleasant images, music, tactile stimulation and movement. Presently, active research is taking place in the development of noninvasive analgesic methods. It is necessary to create awareness about pain in neonate infants, its detection, evaluation, prevention and treatment.

Clinical Pharmacology of Paracetamol in Neonates: A Review

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Gian Maria Pacifici, MD, PhD

2015-12-01

Paracetamol clearance is lower in neonates than in children and adults. After metabolic conversion, paracetamol is subsequently eliminated by the renal route. The main metabolic conversions are conjugation with glucuronic acid and with sulphate. In the urine of neonates sulphated paracetamol concentration is higher than the glucuronidated paracetamol level, suggesting that sulfation prevails over glucuronidation in neonates. A loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 6 hours of intravenous paracetamol is suggested to achieve a compartment concentration of 11 mg/L in late preterm and term neonates. Aiming for the same target concentration, oral doses are similar with rectal administration of 25 to 30 mg/kg/d in preterm neonates of 30 weeks’ gestation, 45 mg/kg/d in preterm infants of 34 weeks’ gestation, and 60 mg/kg/d in term neonates are suggested. The above-mentioned paracetamol doses for these indications (pain, fever are well tolerated in neonates, but do not result in a significant increase in liver enzymes, and do not affect blood pressure and have limited effects on heart rate. In contrast, the higher doses suggested in extreme preterm neonates to induce closure of the patent ductus arteriosus have not yet been sufficiently evaluated regarding efficacy or safety. Moreover, focussed pharmacovigilance to explore the potential causal association between paracetamol exposure during perinatal life and infancy and subsequent atopy is warranted.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in the neonate: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Pacifici, Gian Maria

2009-04-01

Sepsis is common in neonates and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sixty percent of preterm neonates receive at least one antibiotic, and 43% of the antibiotics administered to these neonates are aminoglycosides. The clearance (Cl), serum half-life (t(1/2)), and volume of distribution (Vd) of aminoglycosides change during the neonatal life, and the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides need to be studied in neonates in order to optimise therapy with these drugs. The aim of this work is to review the published data on the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in order to provide a critical analysis of the literature that can be a useful tool in the hands of physicians. The bibliographic search was performed electronically using PubMed, as the search engine, through July 11th, 2008. Firstly, a Medline search was performed with the keywords "pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in neonates" with the limit of "human". Other Medline searches were performed with the keywords "pharmacokinetics of ... in neonates" followed by the name of the aminoglycosides: amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin. In addition, the book Neofax: A Manual of Drugs Used in Neonatal Care by Young and Mangum (Thomson Healthcare, 2007) was consulted. The aminoglycosides are mainly eliminated by the kidney, and their elimination rates are reduced at birth. As a consequence Cl is reduced and t(1/2) is prolonged in the neonate as compared to more mature infants. The high body-water content of the neonate results in a large Vd of aminoglycosides as these drugs are fairly water soluble. Postnatal development is an important factor in the maturation of the neonate, and as postnatal age proceeds, Cl of aminoglycosides increases. The maturation of the kidney governs the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in the infant. Cl and t(1/2) are influenced by development, and this must be taken into consideration when planning a dosage regimen with aminoglycosides in the neonate. Aminoglycosides

Influence of iron status on risk of maternal or neonatal infection and on neonatal mortality with an emphasis on developing countries

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brabin, Loretta; Brabin, Bernard J.; Gies, Sabine

2013-01-01

Infection is a major cause of neonatal death in developing countries. This review investigates whether host iron status affects the risk of maternal and/or neonatal infection, potentially contributing to neonatal death, and summarizes the iron acquisition mechanisms described for pathogens causing

Neonatal follow-up program: Where do we stand?

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Neonatal follow-up program (NFP) is becoming the corner stone of standard, high quality care provided to newborns at risk of future neuorodevelopmental delay. Most of the recognized neonatal intensive care units in the developed countries are adopting NFP as part of their mandatory care for the best long term outcome of high risk infants, especially very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Unfortunately, in the developing and in underdeveloped countries, such early detection and intervention programs are rarely existing, mainly because of the lack of awareness of and exposure to such programs in spite of the increasing numbers of surviving sick newborns due to advancement in neonatal care in these countries. This is a review article to explore the Neonatal follow-up programs looking at historical development, benefts and aims, and standard requirements for successful program development that can be adopted in our countries. In conclusion, proper Neonatal follow-up programs are needed to improve neonatal outcome. Therefore all professionals working in the feld of neonatal care in developing countries should cooperate to create such programs for early detection and hence early intervention for any adverse long term outcome in high-risk newborn infants PMID:27493326

Intrapartum FHR monitoring and neonatal CT brain scan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Yoshiki; Ukita, Masahiko; Nakada, Eizo

1982-01-01

The effect of fetal distress on the neonatal brain was investigated by neonatal CT brain scan, FHR monitoring and mode of delivery. This study involved 11 cases of full term vertex delivery in which FHR was recorded by fetal direct ECG during the second stage labor. All infants weighed 2,500 g or more. FHR monitoring was evaluated by Hon's classification. Neonatal brain edema was evaluated by cranial CT histgraphic analysis (Nakada's method). 1) Subdural hemorrhage was noted in 6 of 7 infants delivered by vacuum extraction or fundal pressure (Kristeller's method). 2) Intracranial hemorrhage was demonstrated in all of 3 infants with 5-min. Apgar score 7 or less. 3) Two cases with prolonged bradycardia and no variability had intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhage which resulted in severe central nervous system damage. 4) The degree of neonatal brain edema correlated with 5-min. Apgar score. 5) One case with prolonged bradycardia and no variability resulted in severe neonatal brain edema. Four cases with variable deceleration and increased variability resulted in mild neonatal brain edema. Two cases with late deceleration and decreased variability resulted in no neonatal brain edema. (author)

Drug binding properties of neonatal albumin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brodersen, R; Honoré, B

1989-01-01

Neonatal and adult albumin was isolated by gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, from adult and umbilical cord serum, respectively. Binding of monoacetyl-diamino-diphenyl sulfone, warfarin, sulfamethizole, and diazepam was studied by means of equilibrium dialysis and the binding data were analyzed...... by the method of several acceptable fitted curves. It was found that the binding affinity to neonatal albumin is less than to adult albumin for monoacetyl-diamino-diphenyl sulfone and warfarin. Sulfamethizole binding to the neonatal protein is similarly reduced when more than one molecule of the drug is bound...

Hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: NICHD Neonatal Research Network contribution to the field.

Science.gov (United States)

Shankaran, Seetha; Natarajan, Girija; Chalak, Lina; Pappas, Athina; McDonald, Scott A; Laptook, Abbot R

2016-10-01

In this article, we summarize the NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in relation to other randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of hypothermia neuroprotection. We describe the NRN secondary studies that have been published in the past 10 years evaluating clinical, genetic, biochemical, and imaging biomarkers of outcome. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Delivery practices, hygiene, birth attendance and neonatal infections ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Drawing attention to home birth conditions and subsequent neonatal infections is a key starting point to reducing neonatal morbidity which are a main cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the proportion of respiratory, ophthalmic, and diarrhoeal infections in neonates; the proportion ...

Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of neonatal and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac neonatal lupus.

Science.gov (United States)

Morel, Nathalie; Lévesque, Kateri; Maltret, Alice; Baron, Gabriel; Hamidou, Mohamed; Orquevaux, Pauline; Piette, Jean-Charles; Barriere, François; Le Bidois, Jérôme; Fermont, Laurent; Fain, Olivier; Theulin, Arnaud; Sassolas, François; Hauet, Quentin; Guettrot-Imbert, Gaëlle; Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie; Deligny, Christophe; Hachulla, Eric; Mouthon, Luc; Le Jeunne, Claire; Ravaud, Philippe; Le Mercier, Delphine; Romefort, Bénédicte; Villain, Elisabeth; Bonnet, Damien; Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie

2017-12-01

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a well-known complication of cardiac neonatal lupus, is associated with high mortality rate. Its risk factors remain unclear. We analyzed occurrence of postnatal DCM among children with high-degree congenital heart block (CHB) and mothers with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies. Among 187 neonates with CHB, 35 (18.8%, one missing data) had DCM and 22 (11.8%) died during a median follow-up of 7years [range: birth-36years]. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with postnatal DCM were in utero DCM (P=0.0199; HR=3.13 [95% CI: 1.20-8.16]), non-European origin (P=0.0052; HR=4.10 [95% CI: 1.81-9.28]) and pacemaker implantation (P=0.0013; HR=5.48 [95% CI: 1.94-15.47]). Postnatal DCM could be categorized in two subgroups: neonatal DCM (n=13, diagnosed at a median age of 0day [birth-4days]) and late-onset DCM (n=22, diagnosed at a median age of 15.2months [3.6months-22.8years]). Factors associated with neonatal DCM were in utero DCM, hydrops, endocardial fibroelastosis and pericardial effusion, whereas those associated with late-onset DCM were non-European origin, in utero mitral valve insufficiency, and pacemaker implantation. Fluorinated steroids showed no protective effect against late-onset DCM (P=0.27; HR=1.65 [95% CI: 0.63-4.25]). Probability of survival at 10years was 23.1% for newborns diagnosed neonatally with DCM, 53.9% for those who developed late-onset DCM, and 98.6% for those without DCM. Neonatal and late-onset DCM appear to be two different entities. None of the known risk factors associated with neonatal DCM predicted late-onset DCM. Long-term follow-up of cardiac function is warranted in all children with CHB. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal perforator stroke

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ecury-Goossen, Ginette M; van der Haer, Marit; Smit, Liesbeth S; Feijen-Roon, Monique; Lequin, Maarten; de Jonge, Rogier C J; Govaert, Paul; Dudink, Jeroen

AIM: To assess outcome after neonatal perforator stroke in the largest cohort to date. METHOD: Survivors from a cohort of children diagnosed with neonatal perforator stroke using cranial ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for inclusion. Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire

Bupivacaine versus lidocaine analgesia for neonatal circumcision

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Stolik-Dollberg Orit C

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Analgesia for neonatal circumcision was recently advocated for every male infant, and its use is considered essential by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We compared the post-operative analgesic quality of bupivacaine to that of lidocaine for achieving dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB when performing neonatal circumcision. Methods Data were obtained from 38 neonates following neonatal circumcision. The infants had received DPNB analgesia with either lidocaine or bupivacaine. The outcome variable was the administration by the parents of acetaminophen during the ensuing 24 hours. Results Seventeen infants received lidocaine and 19 received bupivacaine DPNB. Ten infants in the lidocaine group (59% were given acetaminophen following circumcision compared to only 3 (16% in the bupivacaine group (P 2 = 20.6; P = 0.006. Conclusion DPNB with bupivacaine for neonatal circumcision apparently confers better analgesia than lidocaine as judged by the requirement of acetaminophen over the ensuing 24-hour period.

Structural Connectivity Asymmetry in the Neonatal Brain

OpenAIRE

Ratnarajah, Nagulan; Rifkin-Graboi, Anne; Fortier, Marielle V.; Chong, Yap Seng; Kwek, Kenneth; Saw, Seang-Mei; Godfrey, Keith M; Gluckman, Peter D.; Meaney, Michael J.; Qiu, Anqi

2013-01-01

Asymmetry of the neonatal brain is not yet understood at the level of structural connectivity. We utilized DTI deterministic tractography and structural network analysis based on graph theory to determine the pattern of structural connectivity asymmetry in 124 normal neonates. We tracted white matter axonal pathways characterizing interregional connections among brain regions and inferred asymmetry in left and right anatomical network properties. Our findings revealed that in neonates, small-...

Neonatal transport practices in Ibadan, Nigeria | Abdulraheem | Pan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Neonatal transport involves moving sick neonates in optimal conditions to ensure good outcomes. It is well organized in most developed countries but receives little attention in developing countries where the highest burden of neonatal mortality exists and a large number of newborns require referrals daily for ...

Comparison of blood lead levels of mothers and cord blood in intrauterine growth retarded neonates and normal term neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iranpour, R.; Besharati, Amir A.; Nasseri, F.; Hashemipour, M.; Kelishadi, R.; Balali-Mood, M.

2007-01-01

Objective was to compare the blood lead levels of mothers and cord blood in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) neonates and normal term neonates. From April 2005, we carried out a cross-sectional, prospective study in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Blood lead levels were measured in the umbilical cord and maternal venous blood samples in the 32 mother-infant pairs with IUGR full term neonates and 34 mother-infant pairs with normal full term neonates. Blood-lead levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean lead concentration in neonates of IUGR and normal groups was not significantly different (107.47+- 16.75 versus 113.08+-19.08 ug/L, p=0.2). The mean lead concentration in mothers of IUGR group was lower than normal groups, but this difference was not significant (124.56+-19.71 versus 135.26+-26.91 ug/L, p=0.07). Maternal lead levels were strongly related with related with cord blood in both IUGR and normal groups (r=0.8, p 100ug/L by the centers for disease control; however, this was not statistically different between the groups. Our results indicate that the mean lead level was not higher in IUGR neonates, and the whole blood lead was not related to the birth weight. In addition, maternal and cord blood lead levels were strongly correlated, and there were remarkable lead burdens on both the mothers and their neonates in this industrial area. (author)

Ethical issues in neonatal research involving human subjects.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleischman, Alan R

2016-06-01

Research involving critically ill neonates creates many ethical challenges. Neonatal clinical research has always been hard to perform, is very expensive, and may generate some unique ethical concerns. This article describes some examples of historical and modern controversies in neonatal research, discusses the justification for research involving such vulnerable and fragile patients, clarifies current federal regulations that govern research involving neonates, and suggests ways that clinical investigators can develop and implement ethically grounded human subjects research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The sonographic features of neonatal appendicitis: A case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Si, Shu-Yu; Guo, Yi-Yi; Mu, Jian-Feng; Yan, Chao-Ying

2017-11-01

Neonatal appendicitis is extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the utility of ultrasound for the diagnosis of neonatal appendicitis. Four cases of neonatal appendicitis were included in this case series. One was a female infant and the other 3 were male infants; they were aged from 10 to 17 days. Neonatal appendicitis. Four newborns in our hospital were diagnosed with neonatal appendicitis by abdominal ultrasound. Their sonographic features were summarized and compared with surgical and pathological findings. In these infants, abdominal ultrasound demonstrated ileocecal bowel dilatation, intestinal and bowel wall thickening, and localized encapsulated effusion in the right lower quadrant and the abscess area, which was assumed to surround the appendix. Ultrasound is helpful for the diagnosis of neonatal appendicitis.

Involvement of parents in care. Telemedicin neonatal homecare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, K. G.; Brødsgaard, Anne; Zachariassen, G.

2015-01-01

INTRODUCTION Neonatal homecare (NH) is an alternative to hospitalization for healthy preterm infants dependent only on tube feeding. NH implies parents managing tube feeding while establishing breastfeeding at home with support from neonatal nurses offering home visits regularly, until breastfeed......INTRODUCTION Neonatal homecare (NH) is an alternative to hospitalization for healthy preterm infants dependent only on tube feeding. NH implies parents managing tube feeding while establishing breastfeeding at home with support from neonatal nurses offering home visits regularly, until...... breastfeeding is established. Home visits are time consuming and challenging for neonatal units covering big geographical areas and therefore replacements for home visits should be considered. The aim of this study is to identify parent’s needs when receiving NH and thereby identify requirements...

Prenatal cocaine exposure and neonatal/infant outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Cambell, Shelly

2003-01-01

Illegal drug use throughout the nation is a problem of epidemic proportion. Of particular concern is drug use among pregnant women. In most cases, these women have little hope of achieving a better life for themselves or their children. Illegal drugs, cocaine in particular, can have devastating effects on the neonate. These effects can last well into childhood and can exhibit themselves in academic, social, and family situations. Challenges for the neonatal nurse include early identification of these infants and use of available resources. This article addresses prenatal cocaine use and support services for drug-dependent women, effects of cocaine during the neonatal period, possible neonatal and infant outcomes, and implications for nursing practice.

Tratamiento con azlocillin y amikacina en sepsis neonatal por staphylococcus haemolyticus multirresistente

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María Espino Hernández

2000-03-01

Full Text Available El estafilococo coagulasa negativa es actualmente un importante patógeno nosocomial y agente causal de infección en el neonato. Cepas multirresistentes comúnmente aisladas de recién nacidos sometidos a cuidados intensivos dificultan la terapéutica, por lo que se hace necesario el empleo de combinaciones antibióticas que garanticen un efecto antibacteriano más eficiente. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un paciente con bronconeumonía adquirida por Staphylococcus haemolyticus multirresistente y que fue sometido a tratamiento combinado de azlocillin y amikacina. Se estudió el patrón de resistencia de la cepa para 30 antibióticos por métodos de difusión y dilución, así como la efectividad in vitro de la combinación antibiótica aplicada por el método del «tablero de ajedrez». Se observó en los resultados in vitro una marcada potencialización de la actividad aminoglucosídica por la presencia del antibiótico beta-lactámico, resultado que se correspondió con una excelente respuesta in vivo.Negative-coagulase Staphyloccocus, is at present time an important nosocomial pathogen and a causal agent of neonatal infection. Multirresistant strains commonly isolated from newborn under intensive care, make difficult treatment, so it is necessary use of antibiotic combination to assure a more efficient antibacterial effect. We present results obtained in a patient presenting with acquired bronchopneumonia from multirresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus who received a combination of Azlocillin and Amikacin. Resistance pattern to this strain was studied by diffusion and dilution methods, as well as in vitro effectiveness of antibiotic combination, applied by "Chequerboard" method. In in vitro results, we found a significant potentiation of aminoglucoside activity by presence of Beta-lactamic antibiotic, result corresponding to an in vivo excellent response.

Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis.

Science.gov (United States)

Wynn, James L; Wong, Hector R; Shanley, Thomas P; Bizzarro, Matthew J; Saiman, Lisa; Polin, Richard A

2014-07-01

To review the accuracy of the pediatric consensus definition of sepsis in term neonates and to determine the definition of neonatal sepsis used. The review focused primarily on pediatric literature relevant to the topic of interest. Neonatal sepsis is variably defined based on a number of clinical and laboratory criteria that make the study of this common and devastating condition very difficult. Diagnostic challenges and uncertain disease epidemiology necessarily result from a variable definition of disease. In 2005, intensivists caring for children recognized that as new drugs became available, children would be increasingly studied and thus, pediatric-specific consensus definitions were needed. Pediatric sepsis criteria are not accurate for term neonates and have not been examined in preterm neonates for whom the developmental stage influences aberrations associated with host immune response. Thus, specific consensus definitions for both term and preterm neonates are needed. Such definitions are critical for the interpretation of observational studies, future training of scientists and practitioners, and implementation of clinical trials in neonates.

Prescrições para tratamento de malária não complicada em gestantes na Amazônia Legal: evidências do Projeto Mafalda*

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Tatiana Chama Borges Luz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Avaliar prescrições de antimaláricos segundo indicadores de qualidade e descrever relatos de eventos adversos entre gestantes com malária não complicada. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de prontuários de gestantes maiores de 15 anos, residentes em municípios de alto risco na Amazônia Legal. Antimaláricos caracterizados segundo frequência de prescrição, tipo de plasmódio e de unidade de saúde de atendimento, e de possíveis eventos adversos. Para comparação das variáveis estudas utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Foram avaliados 262 prontuários de gestantes. A maioria das gestantes pesquisadas recebeu diagnóstico de infecção por P. vivax (71,2%. Cloroquina foi o fármaco mais prescrito (65,6%. Fármacos não recomendados foram encontrados em 9,0% e 16,2% das prescrições para P. vivax e P. falciparum , respectivamente. Prescrições para P. falciparum , em proporção significativamente maior, contiveram esquemas e posologia e/ou duração do tratamento não adequados ao protocolo oficial (p = 0,001, bem como sem especificação da posologia (p = 0,004. Não houve diferenças significativas entre hospitais de referência e unidades básicas de saúde quanto aos esquemas de tratamento, proporções de prescrições contendo esquemas de tratamento não adequados e sem especificação da posologia. Cloroquina foi o fármaco mais envolvido em ocorrências de eventos adversos. Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram deficiências na prescrição de antimaláricos para gestantes, especialmente quanto à adequação ao protocolo oficial.

CT of the neonatal head

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohan, S.; Rogan, E.A.; Batty, R.; Raghavan, A.; Whitby, E.H.; Hart, A.R.; Connolly, D.J.A.

2013-01-01

Computed tomography (CT) is used less often than other techniques on neonatal units. However, in the acute setting, CT can be invaluable in diagnosing or excluding potentially life-threatening conditions and guiding initial management in neonates. Common indications for scanning include trauma, suspected non-accidental injury, infection, or an acute hypoxic or metabolic event. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the normal neonatal head at CT and compare this to the common pathological abnormalities. Several key features of each condition will be highlighted. It is important to note that some pathological conditions can have overlapping features at CT and, therefore, the clinical history and additional investigations are also of key importance in determining the diagnosis

Neonatal sepsis: Highlighting the principles of diagnosis and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome consisting of nonspecific symptoms and signs of infection, accompanied by a bacteraemia in the first 28 days of life. The risk of neonatal sepsis and death increases with decreasing birth weight and gestational age. South African data have reported the overall incidence of neonatal ...

Maternal Risk Factors for Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Science.gov (United States)

March, Melissa I.; Gupta, Munish; Modest, Anna M.; Wu, Lily; Hacker, Michele R.; Martin, Camilia R.; Rana, Sarosh

2015-01-01

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal hypertensive disease and other risk factors and the neonatal development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods This was a retrospective case control study of infants with NEC from 2008 to 2012. The primary exposure of interest was maternal hypertensive disease, which has been hypothesized to put infants at risk for NEC. Other variables collected included demographics, pregnancy complications, medications, and neonatal hospital course. Data was abstracted from medical records. Results 28 cases of singleton neonates with NEC and 81 matched controls were identified and analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome. Fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of growth restriction were more likely to develop NEC (p=0.008). Infants with NEC had lower median birth weight than infants without NEC (p=0.009). Infants with NEC had more late-onset sepsis (p=0.01) and mortality before discharge (p=0.001). Conclusions The factors identified by this case-control study that increased the risk of neonatal NEC included intrauterine growth restriction and lower neonatal birth weight. The primary exposure, hypertensive disease, did not show a significantly increased risk of neonatal NEC, however there was a nearly two-fold difference observed. Our study was underpowered to detect the observed difference. PMID:25162307

[Neonatal cholestasis

Science.gov (United States)

Roquete, M L

2000-07-01

OBJECTIVE: To warn pediatricians about the early recognition of cholestasis in newborns and infants. METHODS: A bibliographic research about cholestasis was performed using Medline, and emphasizing the most relevant publications of the last 30 years. RESULTS: The concept of cholestasis and the causes of cholestatic tendency in newborns and infants are described. Several causes of intra and extrahepatic cholestasis are reported as well. In this review, only the diseases with diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic peculiarities are commented, including extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, galactosemia, and Alagille s syndrome. Furthermore, several resources are discussed for the diagnosis of cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of the diagnosis of cholestasis through the detection of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns who present jaundice after 14 days of life is a goal that could change the prognosis of several diseases responsible for neonatal cholestasis.

Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa da Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU Adaptación cultural y validación al idioma português del Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU Cultural adaptation and validation for the portuguese language of the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU

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Sandra Regina de Souza

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Traduzir, realizar a adaptação cultural e validar a escala Parental Stress Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se o método descritivo de validação de instrumentos de medida, baseado nas etapas propostas por Guillemin et al. A análise da confiabilidade foi realizada por meio dos testes e retestes e da consistência interna. Na validação clínica, participaram 163 pais de recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN. RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse ficaram em torno de 0,70 mostrando boa estabilidade entre as duas avaliações. A análise fatorial pelo método de componentes principais utilizou os mesmos critérios da escala original, com rotação Varimax, com grau de variância adequado de 57,9%. Os maiores níveis de estresse dos pais foram obtidos na subescala "alteração do papel de pais". CONCLUSÃO: A PSS:NICU na versão em português é uma ferramenta válida e confiável para avaliação do estresse de pais com filho internado na UTIN.OBJETIVO: Traducir, realizar la adaptación cultural y validar la escala Parental Stress Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU al idioma portugués. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó el método descriptivo de validación de instrumentos de medida, basado en las etapas propuestas por Guillemin et al. El análisis de la confiabilidad fue realizado por medio de los tests y retests y de la consistencia interna. En la validación clínica, participaron 163 padres de recién nacidos internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN. RESULTADOS: Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase quedaron alrededor de 0,70 mostrando buena estabilidad entre las dos evaluaciones El análisis factorial por el método de componentes principales utilizó los mismos criterios de la escala original, con rotación Varimax, con grado de varianza adecuado de 57,9%. Los mayores niveles de estrés de

Study on the relationship between enkephalin and neonatal asphyxia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Dian; Jin Zhijun; Xiong Ying; Cao Liping; Gu Hang; Hong Xinru; Wang Chenghai

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the role of enkephalin in the neonatal asphyxia. Methods: Near-term pregnant rabbits were asphyxiated. The rabbit fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and were asphyxiated with the 1 min Apgar scores ranging at 2 to 7. All the neonatal rabbits delivered by asphyxiated mother rabbits were randomized into four groups: neonatal asphyxia untreated (asphyxia group), neonatal asphyxia treated with ICI 174864 ( ICI group), neonatal asphyxia treated with enkephalin anti-serum (anti-serum group), neonatal asphyxia treated with normal rabbit serum (serum group). A group of intact neonatal rabbits delivered by nonasphyxiated mother rabbits were used as control group. All the study neonatal rabbits were scored according to the respiration, heart beat, skin color, muscle tone, reflexes at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after cesarean delivery. The concentration of enkephalin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: 1) The levels of enkephalin in hypothalamus, pituitary and peripheral blood in asphyxia group were (635.2±57.6), (452.7±37.5) and (297.6±28.4) ng/L, respectively; in the control group, (185.7±29.6), (150.9±21.4) and (121.5±19.9) ng/L, respectively. The levels of enkephalin in asphyxia group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusions: The neonatal asphyxia was associated with enkephalin. The changes of enkephalin levels may play an important role in the pathophysiological changes in neonatal asphyxia; delta-receptors may play certain role in conducting the enkephalin effect

Acute renal failure in asphyxiated term neonates

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Pejović Biljana

2002-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION Acute renal failure (ARF is a frequent clinical condition in neonatal intensive care units (NICU. The leading cause of neonatal ARF is perinatal asphyxia (PS. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the degree of PS and the severity of ARF in term neonates. METHODS A prospective survey of 31 term neonates with Ps and but without congenital malformations or sepsis was performed in NICU of the regional Hospital of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Belgrade (average number of deliveries about 6000 per year. ARF was diagnosed in the first 7 days of life when plasma creatinine was above 133 μmοΙ/L for at least 48 hours while maternal renal function was normal. The degree of PS was determined according to Apgar score (AS at 1 min. The severe PS was defined as AS < 3 and moderate PS as AS 4-6. RESULTS Twenty neonates (64% had oliguric ARF with urine output of 0.37 ±0.16 ml/kg/h while the others had nonoliguric ARF with urine output of 2.4 ± 0.7 ml/kg/h. Most of neonates with oliguric ARF (65% had severe perinatal asphuxia while in those with nonoliguric ARF moderate perinatal asphyxia predominated (73%. DISCUSSION During hypoxic-ischaemic events many organs are injured, and the most vulnerable ones are kidneys and central nervous system. Our results showed a strong connection between perinatal asphyxia and A, which was in accordance with the results of other studies. Neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia had serious impairment of renal function, which was confirmed with strong correlation between Apgar score and plasma creatinine. In neonates with oliguric ARF, but not in those with nonoliguric ARF, the highly positive linear correlations were found between AS and urinary output (r = 0.77; p < 0.01, plasma creatinine (r = 0.78; p < 0.01, fractional excretion of sodium (r = 0.76; p < 0.01, and index of renal failure (r = 0.80; p < 0.01. Only in oliguric neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia (31 % the outcome was

Length of stay and cost analysis of neonates undergoing surgery at a tertiary neonatal unit in England.

Science.gov (United States)

Shetty, S; Kennea, N; Desai, P; Giuliani, S; Richards, J

2016-01-01

Introduction There is a lack of knowledge on the average length of stay (LOS) in neonatal units after surgical repair of common congenital anomalies. There are few if any publications reporting the activity performed by units undertaking neonatal surgery. Such activity is important for contracting arrangements, commissioning specialist services and counselling parents. The aim of this study was to describe postnatal LOS for infants admitted to a single tertiary referral neonatal unit with congenital malformations requiring surgery. Methods Data on nine conditions were collected prospectively for babies on the neonatal unit over a five-year period (2006-2011). For those transferred back to their local unit following surgery, the local unit was contacted to determine the total LOS. Only those babies who had surgery during their first admission to our unit and who survived to discharge were included in the study. Cost estimates were based on the tariffs agreed for neonatal care between our trust and the London specialised commissioning group in 2011-2012. Results The median LOS for the conditions studied was: gastroschisis 35 days (range: 19-154 days), oesophageal atresia 33 days (range: 9-133 days), congenital diaphragmatic hernia 28 days (range: 7-99 days), intestinal atresia 24 days (range: 6-168 days), Hirschsprung's disease 21 days (range: 15-36 days), sacrococcygeal teratoma 17 days (range: 12-55 days), myelomeningocoele 15.5 days (range: 8-24 days), anorectal malformation 15 days (range: 6-90 days) and exomphalos 12 days (range: 3-228 days). The total neonatal bed day costs for the median LOS ranged from £8,701 (myelomeningocoele) to £23,874 (gastroschisis). The cost of surgery was not included. Conclusions There is wide variation in LOS for the same conditions in a single neonatal unit. This can be explained by different types and severity within the same congenital anomalies, different surgeons and other clinical confounders (eg sepsis, surgical

[Clinical efficacy of flomoxef in neonatal bacterial infection].

Science.gov (United States)

Sakata, H; Hirano, Y; Maruyama, S

1993-03-01

One hundred and seventy one neonates were treated with flomoxef (FMOX) and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. The ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 28 days, and their body weights from 450 to 4300 g. Dose levels were 12.4 to 24.9 mg/kg every 8 or 12 hours for 1 to 10 days. Fifty two patients who responded to the FMOX treatment included 5 neonates with sepsis, 17 with suspected sepsis, 9 with urinary tract infections, 12 with pneumonia, 8 with intrauterine infections, and 1 with omphalitis. The other neonates could not be retrospectively diagnosed as bacterial infections. Of 52 patients, clinical results were excellent in 15, good in 34, fair in 1, and poor in 2. And the FMOX treatment was effective in 13 out of 14 patients in which causative bacteria were identified. The drug was well tolerated, but 6 neonates out of 33 over 5 days old had diarrhea. From these results, empiric treatment with FMOX against neonatal bacterial infection was as clinically useful as that of combination with ampicillin and gentamicin or cefotaxime and ampicillin in our neonatal intensive care unit. But, as this study did not include neonate with meningitis, efficacy to meningitis was not evaluated.

Ser pai de recém-nascido prematuro na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: da parentalidade a paternidade

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Rachel Leite de Souza Ferreira Soares

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoObjetivo:Compreender os significados atribuídos pelo pai ao ter um filho prematuro internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.Métodos:Estudo qualitativo com abordagem etnográfica realizado em uma unidade neonatal no Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 22 homens pais que tinham o filho prematuro internado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de diário de campo, observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada.Resultados:O pai desempenha papel fundamental durante o processo reprodutivo. Coloca-se como protetor da mulher na gestação e puerpério e vivencia intensa realização ao nascimento, mesmo que prematuramente. Entretanto, ter um filho prematuro internado seja uma experiência inesperada e difícil.Conclusão:Os pais demonstraram viver a transição social e cultural da paternidade, com superação ainda tímida do modelo hegemônico. Ao mesmo tempo, entendem seu papel fundamental de provisão financeira e demonstram desejo em cuidar do seu filho. Os profissionais de saúde devem proporcionar essa aproximação para fortalecimento da paternidade.

Ser pai de recém-nascido prematuro na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: da parentalidade a paternidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rachel Leite de Souza Ferreira Soares

Full Text Available ResumoObjetivo:Compreender os significados atribuídos pelo pai ao ter um filho prematuro internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.Métodos:Estudo qualitativo com abordagem etnográfica realizado em uma unidade neonatal no Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 22 homens pais que tinham o filho prematuro internado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de diário de campo, observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada.Resultados:O pai desempenha papel fundamental durante o processo reprodutivo. Coloca-se como protetor da mulher na gestação e puerpério e vivencia intensa realização ao nascimento, mesmo que prematuramente. Entretanto, ter um filho prematuro internado seja uma experiência inesperada e difícil.Conclusão:Os pais demonstraram viver a transição social e cultural da paternidade, com superação ainda tímida do modelo hegemônico. Ao mesmo tempo, entendem seu papel fundamental de provisão financeira e demonstram desejo em cuidar do seu filho. Os profissionais de saúde devem proporcionar essa aproximação para fortalecimento da paternidade.

Neonatal Intrathoracic Stomach without Gastric Volvulus.

Science.gov (United States)

Bokka, Sriharsha; Mohanty, Manoj Kumar

2016-10-01

Intrathoracic stomach is a rare and serious congenital abnormality. The anomaly may be complicated by gastric volvulus and can lead to ischemic gastric infarction in the neonate. If diagnosed antenatally, neonatal management can be planned in advance so as to reduce morbidity. This anomaly must be differentiated from the more common congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as associated pulmonary hypoplasia is common in the latter and rare with gastric herniation. We report a case of intrathoracic stomach in a neonate without volvulus, fortunately a rare entity which was managed operatively, and the child has been under regular follow-up.

Deconstruyendo el resultado contable convencional para diseñar un resultado contable ambiental

OpenAIRE

José Juan Déniz Mayor; María Concepción Verona Martel

2015-01-01

En el presente trabajo se discute la dificultad de delimitar con precisión los flujos de gastos e ingresos relacionados con la gestión ambiental corporativa, utilizando como hilo argumental el diseno˜ de un modelo algebraico de resultado contable que haga visible las partidas más significativas en esta materia. Las principales conclusiones se centran en la necesidad de vincular los gastos e ingresos ambientales a objetivos específicos a fin de poder evaluar el desempeno˜ ambiental de la empre...

Uso profilático de Mitomicina C para inibir a formação de 'haze' após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa em miopias altas resultados após dois anos

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Paulo Ricardo Pereira de Oliveira

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da aplicação profilática da Mitomicina C para inibir a formação de opacidade corneana em ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK em pacientes com miopia alta. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, longitudinal que compreendeu 59 olhos (30 pacientes que realizaram cirurgia de PRK com aplicação de Mitomicina C entre janeiro e março de 2008. Os critérios de inclusão dos pacientes foram: equivalente esférico maior do que -4,00 dioptrias, espessura corneana maior do que 480 µm, ausência de cirurgia prévia, de trauma ocular e de enfermidades oculares e sistêmicas. Após realização do PRK, os olhos foram tratados com micro esponja embebida com MMC 0.02% por 20 segundos sobre a área da ablação. Foram realizadas medidas de refração, acuidade visual sem correção, acuidade visual corrigida e observação da opacidade corneana através da lâmpada de fenda nos dois anos de seguimento. RESULTADOS: No pós-operatório, não foram observados efeitos adversos imediatos ou tardios da MMC. Não foi observada opacidade corneana em nenhum olho após dois anos do ato cirúrgico. Em um olho foi observada opacidade grau 2,0 do terceiro até o sexto mês de seguimento. Nos demais olhos, não houve opacidade maior do que 1,0. A acuidade visual não corrigida foi de 20/40 ou melhor em 96,91% dos olhos e de 20/20 em 81,35% dos olhos. A acuidade visual corrigida manteve-se em 57 olhos e houve ganho de uma linha em 2 olhos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso profilático da Mitomicina C a 0,02% após PRK pareceu mostrar-se eficaz na redução de formação de opacidade ocular.

O significado do grupo de apoio para a família de recém-nascidos de risco e equipe de profissionais na unidade neonatal The influence of support groups on the family of risk newborns and on neonatal unit workers

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Virgínia Buarque

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar o significado do grupo de apoio para a família de recém-nascidos de risco e equipe de profissionais na unidade neonatal. METODOLOGIA: Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e, como referencial teórico, o cuidado centrado na família. O estudo foi realizado na unidade neonatal do Hospital Prontolinda, em Pernambuco. No período de janeiro a junho de 2004, foram realizadas 25 reuniões do grupo de apoio para a família. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da observação participante das reuniões do grupo e de entrevistas gravadas com 13 mães, seis pais, duas avós e 16 profissionais de saúde. As falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. RESULTADOS: A análise evidenciou que o grupo de apoio para a família de neonatos de risco proporcionou informação, apoio emocional e fortalecimento aos pais e familiares para que vivenciassem o nascimento e a hospitalização do filho na unidade neonatal, além de tê-los capacitado para assumir os cuidados com o recém-nascido. Paralelamente, houve crescimento interpessoal mútuo na interação entre pais, familiares e equipe de profissionais da unidade neonatal. CONCLUSÕES: O grupo de apoio para a família de neonatos de risco na unidade neonatal representa uma abordagem fundamentada nos princípios do cuidado centrado na família. A partir de tais princípios, pode-se restabelecer a competência parental, ajudar a equipe de profissionais a respeitar valores e sentimentos dos familiares, bem como contribuir para que pais e profissionais trabalhem em parceria na unidade neonatal.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of support groups on the family of risk newborn infants and on neonatal unit workers. METHODS: We used a qualitative approach, and as theoretical basis, family-centered care. The study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Hospital Prontolinda, in Pernambuco, Brazil. From January to June 2004, 25 meetings were held by the family support

Magnetic resonance imaging of neonatal brain. Assessment of normal and abnormal findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasegawa, Koh; Kadono, Naoko; Kawase, Shohji; Kihara, Minako; Matsuo, Yasutaka; Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Kinugasa, Akihiko; Sawada, Tadashi

1994-01-01

To establish the normal MRI appearance of the neonatal brain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 124 neonates who admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Degree of myelination, ventricular size, width of the extracerebral space and focal lesion in the brain were evaluated to investigate the relationship between MRI findings of neonatal brain and the neurological prognosis. 85 neonates underwent MRI both at neonatal period and at the corrected age of one year. The change of abnormal MRI findings was evaluated. 19 neonates had abnormal neurological outcome on subsequent examinations. Delayed myelination, ventriculomegaly and large extracerebral space were seen in 13, 7 and 9 neonates respectively. 4, 3 and 5 neonates out of them showed abnormal neurological prognosis respectively. Of the 19 neonates with focal lesion in MRI, 2 had parenchymal hematoma in the brain, 2 had subdural hematoma, 5 had chronic hematoma following subependymal hemorrhage, 6 had cystic formation following subependymal hemorrhage, 2 had subcortical leukomalacia, one had periventricular leukomalacia and one had cyst in the parenchyma of cerebellum. 4 neonates of 19 with focal lesion in MRI showed abnormal development. Of the neonates who had abnormal neurological prognosis, 7 neonates showed no abnormal finding in MRI at neonatal period. 3 of them had mild mental retardation. MRI shows promise in the neonatal period. It facilitates recognition of abnormalities of neonatal brain and may be used to predict abnormal neurologic outcome. However physiological change in the brain of neonates, especially of premature neonates, should be considered on interpreting these findings. Awareness of developmental features should help to minimize misinterpretation of normal changes in the neonatal brain. (author)

Magnetic resonance imaging of neonatal brain. Assessment of normal and abnormal findings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Koh; Kadono, Naoko; Kawase, Shohji; Kihara, Minako; Matsuo, Yasutaka; Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Kinugasa, Akihiko; Sawada, Tadashi (Kyoto Prefectural Univ. of Medicine (Japan))

1994-11-01

To establish the normal MRI appearance of the neonatal brain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 124 neonates who admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Degree of myelination, ventricular size, width of the extracerebral space and focal lesion in the brain were evaluated to investigate the relationship between MRI findings of neonatal brain and the neurological prognosis. 85 neonates underwent MRI both at neonatal period and at the corrected age of one year. The change of abnormal MRI findings was evaluated. 19 neonates had abnormal neurological outcome on subsequent examinations. Delayed myelination, ventriculomegaly and large extracerebral space were seen in 13, 7 and 9 neonates respectively. 4, 3 and 5 neonates out of them showed abnormal neurological prognosis respectively. Of the 19 neonates with focal lesion in MRI, 2 had parenchymal hematoma in the brain, 2 had subdural hematoma, 5 had chronic hematoma following subependymal hemorrhage, 6 had cystic formation following subependymal hemorrhage, 2 had subcortical leukomalacia, one had periventricular leukomalacia and one had cyst in the parenchyma of cerebellum. 4 neonates of 19 with focal lesion in MRI showed abnormal development. Of the neonates who had abnormal neurological prognosis, 7 neonates showed no abnormal finding in MRI at neonatal period. 3 of them had mild mental retardation. MRI shows promise in the neonatal period. It facilitates recognition of abnormalities of neonatal brain and may be used to predict abnormal neurologic outcome. However physiological change in the brain of neonates, especially of premature neonates, should be considered on interpreting these findings. Awareness of developmental features should help to minimize misinterpretation of normal changes in the neonatal brain. (author).

Maternal education and age: inequalities in neonatal death.

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Fonseca, Sandra Costa; Flores, Patricia Viana Guimarães; Camargo, Kenneth Rochel; Pinheiro, Rejane Sobrino; Coeli, Claudia Medina

2017-11-17

Evaluate the interaction between maternal age and education level in neonatal mortality, as well as investigate the temporal evolution of neonatal mortality in each stratum formed by the combination of these two risk factors. A nonconcurrent cohort study, resulting from a probabilistic relationship between the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. To investigate the risk of neonatal death we performed a logistic regression, with an odds ratio estimate for the combined variable of maternal education and age, as well as the evaluation of additive and multiplicative interaction. The neonatal mortality rate time series, according to maternal education and age, was estimated by the Joinpoint Regression program. The neonatal mortality rate in the period was 8.09‰ and it was higher in newborns of mothers with low education levels: 12.7‰ (adolescent mothers) and 12.4‰ (mother 35 years old or older). Low level of education, without the age effect, increased the chance of neonatal death by 25% (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.14-1.36). The isolated effect of age on neonatal death was higher for adolescent mothers (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.33-1.46) than for mothers aged ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.09-1.23). In the time-trend analysis, no age group of women with low education levels presented a reduction in the neonatal mortality rate for the period, as opposed to women with intermediate or high levels of education, where the reduction was significant, around 4% annually. Two more vulnerable groups - adolescents with low levels of education and older women with low levels of education - were identified in relation to the risk of neonatal death and inequality in reducing the mortality rate.

The Tuning of Human Neonates' Preference for Speech

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Vouloumanos, Athena; Hauser, Marc D.; Werker, Janet F.; Martin, Alia

2010-01-01

Human neonates prefer listening to speech compared to many nonspeech sounds, suggesting that humans are born with a bias for speech. However, neonates' preference may derive from properties of speech that are not unique but instead are shared with the vocalizations of other species. To test this, thirty neonates and sixteen 3-month-olds were…

Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction-Four Year Experience

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D. Rathore

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: To study the aetiology and frequency, sex incidence, age of presentation, management and outcome of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Material and Methods: This prospective study of 316 neonates with intestinal obstruction was conducted over a period of 4 years from November 2009 to October 2013 at single institute. These cases were managed by various surgical procedures. Their epidemiology, day of presentation, associated anomalies and outcomes were studied. Results: A total of 316 neonates (277 males and 39 females were operated for intestinal obstruction. 268(84.81% neonates presented in the 1st week of life. Imperforate anus occurred in 206 (65.19%.Small bowel atresia accounted for23 (7.27% cases while duodenal atresia was seen in19 (6.01% patients. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and Malrotation each occurred in 14 (4.43% patients; Hirschsprung’s disease in 18(5.69%, Necrotising Enterocolitis in 12(3.79%, Meconium disease of newborn in 9(2.85% while colonic atresia was seen in one (0.3% patient. Colostomy was performed in 145(45.88%, Pouchostomy in 15(4.74% and Cutback anoplasty in 56(17.72% patients. Ramsted’s Pyloromyotomy in 13(4.11%% neonates, Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy in 1(0.3%,Kimura’s Duodenoduodenostomy in 19(6.01% ,End to Back anastomosis in 24(7.59% , End to End anastomosis in 7(2.21% , Multiple anastomosis in 2(0.6% , Enterotomy with irrigation in 7(2.21% , Ladd’s procedure in 14(4.43% , ,Single stage transanal pull through in 8(2.53% , Ileostomy in 2(0.6% , Single stage Abdominoperineal pull through in 2(0.6%, Levelling colostomy in 6(1.89% ,Peritoneal drain insertion under Local anaesthesia in 5(1.58% . Overall mortality was 13.60%. Conclusion: Intestinal Obstruction is the most common surgical emergency in neonatal period. Early and accurate diagnosis is paramount for proper patient management. The etiology, mode of presentation, morbidity and outcome of surgery of intestinal obstruction in

Managing neonatal bowel obstruction: clinical perspectives

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Desoky SM

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Sarah M Desoky,1 Ranjit I Kylat,2 Unni Udayasankar,1 Dorothy Gilbertson-Dahdal1 1Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA; 2Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency and occurs in approximately 1 in 2,000 live births. The causes of obstruction are diverse with varied embryological origins, and some underlying etiologies are not yet well described. Some findings of neonatal bowel obstruction can be detected prenatally on ultrasound imaging. The obstruction is classified as “high” when the level of obstruction is proximal to the ileum, and “low” when the level of obstruction is at the ileum or colon. Early diagnosis of the type of intestinal obstruction and localization of the obstructive bowel segment guides timely and appropriate management of the underlying pathologic entity. Neonatal bowel obstructions are ideally managed at specialized centers with a large volume of neonatal surgery and dedicated pediatric surgical and anesthesia expertise. Although surgical intervention is necessary in most cases, initial management strategies often target underlying metabolic, cardiac, or respiratory abnormalities. Imaging plays a key role in early and accurate diagnosis of the abnormalities. When bowel obstruction is suspected clinically, initial imaging workup usually involves abdominal radiography, which may direct further evaluation with fluoroscopic examination such as upper gastrointestinal (UGI contrast study or contrast enema. This article provides a comprehensive review of clinical and radiological features of common and less common causes of intestinal obstruction in the neonatal age group, including esophageal atresia, enteric duplication cysts, gastric volvulus, congenital microgastria, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia

Pattern and prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Zaccheaus A Jeremiah

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Zaccheaus A Jeremiah1, Justina E Oburu21Hematology and Blood Transfusion Science Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; 2Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NigeriaBackground: In Port Harcourt, evidence-based guidelines for platelet transfusion therapy in neonatal patients are yet to be defined and the prevalence and pattern of neonatal thrombocytopenia has not yet been reported.Methods: Platelet counts of 132 neonatal patients admitted into the special care baby unit (SCBU at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria were assessed using the International Committee on Standards in Hematology (ICSH approved manual procedures for hemocytometry.6Study design: This is a cross sectional study carried out on neonates to determine the prevalence and pattern of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Results: The median platelet count of the neonates was 97.0 × 109/L (interquartile range [IQR] 50–152 while the mean age was 61.7 hours (range 1–336 hours. The overall prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 53.0%. Mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count 51–100 × 109/L was found in 39.4% of the neonates, 12.1% had moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count 30–50 × 109/L, while severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <30 × 109/L was detected in 1.5% of the neonates. Of these, 84.84% of the cases occurred within 72 hours (early onset. The most common clinical diagnosis among the neonates was severe birth asphyxia (33.3%, followed by neonatal jaundice (19.7%, neonatal sepsis (16.7%, low birth weight (13.6%, anemia and bleeding (6.1%, and other clinical conditions (10.6%. There was no association between clinical diagnosis and thrombocytopenia (Fisher’s exact test = 10.643; P = 0.923.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of early onset neonatal thrombocytopenia

Diagnostic imaging in neonatal stroke

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhle, S.; Ipsiroglu, O.; Weninger, M.

2000-01-01

A cerebral artery infarction is an important differential diagnosis in the newborn with neurological abnormalities. Based on clinical data, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 4000 newborns. Since the course is often subclinical, the true incidence is probably higher. Diagnosis: Cerebral ultrasound and Doppler sonography as readily available screening tools play a central role in the initial diagnosis of neonatal cerebral infarction. Definitive diagnosis is made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside symptomatic anticonvulsive therapy, treatment aims at the prevention of secondary ischemic injury. Discussion: Three term infants with different clinical courses of neonatal stroke are presented to sensitize the clinician and the radiologist for this probably underdiagnosed entity. The role of imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal cerebral infarction is discussed. (orig.) [de

Neonatal maxillary orthopedics: past to present

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M.; Prahl, C.; Berkowitz, S.

2013-01-01

Neonatal maxillary orthopedics was introduced in the treatment protocol for cleft lip and palate in the 1950s of the last century. A wide range of appliances has been designed with pin-retained active appliances at one end of the spectrum and passive appliances at the other. Although neonatal

Neonatal seizures : Aetiology by means of a standardized work-up

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Loman, Annemiek M. W.; ter Horst, Henk J.; Lambrechtsen, Florise A. C. P.; Lunsing, Roelineke J.

Neonatal seizures are an alarming symptom and are frequent in neonates. It is important to find the cause of neonatal seizures to start a specific treatment and to give a meaningful prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of different aetiologies of neonatal seizures in our

Tei index in neonatal respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia

OpenAIRE

Ahmed Anwer Attia Khattab

2015-01-01

Cardiovascular compromise is a common complication of neonatal respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia. Tei index is a Doppler-derived index for the assessment of overall left ventricular function that combines systolic and diastolic time intervals. Aim: Assess the role of MPI versus cardiac troponin I as early indicator of hypoxic cardiac damage in neonates with respiratory distress or perinatal asphyxia. The present work was conducted on forty neonates, 15 with neonatal respiratory dist...

Eventos adversos pós-vacina contra a difteria, coqueluche e tétano e fatores associados à sua gravidade Adverse events following diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccinations and factors associated with severity

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Fabiana Ramos Martin de Freitas

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os eventos adversos pós-vacina contra a difteria, coqueluche e tétano (EAPV-DPT e os fatores associados à sua gravidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com componente descritivo e analítico, abrangendo os eventos adversos pós-vacina DPT notificados no Estado de São Paulo, de 1984 a 2001, entre crianças menores de sete anos de idade. A definição de caso foi a adotada pela vigilância de EAPV-DPT; os dados obtidos foram originados da vigilância passiva desses eventos. No cálculo das taxas, o numerador foram os EAPV e o denominador o número de doses aplicadas. A associação entre a gravidade dos EAPV-DPT e as exposições de interesse foi investigada pelas estimativas não ajustadas e ajustadas da odds ratio, com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança, usando regressão logística não condicional. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 10.059 EAPV-DPT relativos a 6.266 crianças, apresentando um ou mais EAPV, 29,5% foram internadas e em 68,2% houve contra-indicação das doses subseqüentes de DPT. Cerca de 75% dos eventos ocorreram nas primeiras seis horas após a aplicação da vacina. Os eventos mais freqüentes foram: febreOBJECTIVE: To analyze adverse events following vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (AEFV-DPT and to investigate factors associated with event severity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a descriptive and analytical component covering AEFV-DPT that were notified in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1984 and 2001, among children less than seven years old. Cases were defined as used in AEFV-DPT surveillance; the data source was AEFV-DPT passive surveillance. In calculating the rates, the numerator was the number of AEFV-DPT and as denominator was the number of doses applied. The association between severity of AEFV-DPT and the exposures of interest was investigated by means of non-adjusted and adjusted estimates of odds ratios, with their respective 95

Bayesian automated cortical segmentation for neonatal MRI

Science.gov (United States)

Chou, Zane; Paquette, Natacha; Ganesh, Bhavana; Wang, Yalin; Ceschin, Rafael; Nelson, Marvin D.; Macyszyn, Luke; Gaonkar, Bilwaj; Panigrahy, Ashok; Lepore, Natasha

2017-11-01

Several attempts have been made in the past few years to develop and implement an automated segmentation of neonatal brain structural MRI. However, accurate automated MRI segmentation remains challenging in this population because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, large partial volume effects and inter-individual anatomical variability of the neonatal brain. In this paper, we propose a learning method for segmenting the whole brain cortical grey matter on neonatal T2-weighted images. We trained our algorithm using a neonatal dataset composed of 3 fullterm and 4 preterm infants scanned at term equivalent age. Our segmentation pipeline combines the FAST algorithm from the FSL library software and a Bayesian segmentation approach to create a threshold matrix that minimizes the error of mislabeling brain tissue types. Our method shows promising results with our pilot training set. In both preterm and full-term neonates, automated Bayesian segmentation generates a smoother and more consistent parcellation compared to FAST, while successfully removing the subcortical structure and cleaning the edges of the cortical grey matter. This method show promising refinement of the FAST segmentation by considerably reducing manual input and editing required from the user, and further improving reliability and processing time of neonatal MR images. Further improvement will include a larger dataset of training images acquired from different manufacturers.

Neonatal Sepsis: past, present and future; a review article | Tripathi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. As per National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live birth. It is 3% among intramural babies and 39.7% among extramural admissions. The early manifestations of neonatal sepsis are vague ...

Long-term use of neonatal helmet-CPAP: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Doglioni, N; Micaglio, M; Zanardo, V; Trevisanuto, D

2009-12-01

In a recent short-term physiological study, we demonstrated a new continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system (neonatal helmet-CPAP) that could be a feasible device for managing preterm infants needing continuous distending pressure with better tolerability than nasal-CPAP. However, its application for a long-term period has never been reported in neonates. Here, we describe the use of neonatal helmet-CPAP in a neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Twenty minutes after neonatal helmet-CPAP placement, the baseline post-ductal tcSaO2 (66%) and alveolar-arterial gradient O2 improved from 66% and 648 mmHg to 100% and 465 mmHg, respectively. The neonatal helmet-CPAP was applied for 48 hours and was well-tolerated by the patient without complications. Long-term use of neonatal helmet-CPAP appears feasible and well-tolerated. Comparative trials are needed.

Fatores que tornam estressante o trabalho de médicos e enfermeiros em terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal: estudo de revisão bibliográfica Factors that cause stress in physicians and nurses working in a pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit: bibliographic review

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Monalisa de Cássia Fogaça

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Revisão de literatura sobre estresse ocupacional e síndrome de burnout em médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal. MÉTODOS: Os artigos foram identificados a partir das bases de dados MedLine, LILACS e SciElo, usando as palavras-chave estresse, burnout, médicos, enfermagem, unidade de terapia intensiva, unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos e unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais. O período pesquisado foi de 1990 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal são candidatos a apresentarem estresse, alterações psicológicas e síndrome de Burnout. Pesquisas sobre o tema identificaram alterações importantes que acometem médicos e enfermeiros intensivistas: sobrecarga de trabalho, burnout, desejo de abandonar o trabalho e níveis elevados de cortisol entre outros fatores. CONCLUSÕES: Os profissionais que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal , pela especificidade do seu trabalho, estão expostos ao risco do estresse ocupacional e, conseqüentemente ao Burnout. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de serem feitas pesquisas, com o objetivo de desenvolver medidas preventivas e modelos de intervenção.OBJECTIVES: Bibliographic review on occupational stress and burnout presence in physicians and nurses that work in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. METHODS: The articles were selected from the MedLine, LILACS and SciElo data base using the key words: stress, burnout, physicians, nursing, intensive care unit, pediatric intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit. The studied period ranged from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: Health professionals who work in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units are strong candidates for developing stress, psychological alterations and burnout syndrome. Researches on this subject identified important alterations suffered by these

Two denominators for one numerator: the example of neonatal mortality.

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Harmon, Quaker E; Basso, Olga; Weinberg, Clarice R; Wilcox, Allen J

2018-06-01

Preterm delivery is one of the strongest predictors of neonatal mortality. A given exposure may increase neonatal mortality directly, or indirectly by increasing the risk of preterm birth. Efforts to assess these direct and indirect effects are complicated by the fact that neonatal mortality arises from two distinct denominators (i.e. two risk sets). One risk set comprises fetuses, susceptible to intrauterine pathologies (such as malformations or infection), which can result in neonatal death. The other risk set comprises live births, who (unlike fetuses) are susceptible to problems of immaturity and complications of delivery. In practice, fetal and neonatal sources of neonatal mortality cannot be separated-not only because of incomplete information, but because risks from both sources can act on the same newborn. We use simulations to assess the repercussions of this structural problem. We first construct a scenario in which fetal and neonatal factors contribute separately to neonatal mortality. We introduce an exposure that increases risk of preterm birth (and thus neonatal mortality) without affecting the two baseline sets of neonatal mortality risk. We then calculate the apparent gestational-age-specific mortality for exposed and unexposed newborns, using as the denominator either fetuses or live births at a given gestational age. If conditioning on gestational age successfully blocked the mediating effect of preterm delivery, then exposure would have no effect on gestational-age-specific risk. Instead, we find apparent exposure effects with either denominator. Except for prediction, neither denominator provides a meaningful way to define gestational-age-specific neonatal mortality.

Hypertension in the Neonatal Period: An Update.

Science.gov (United States)

Pillai, Anish; Sharma, Deepak; Kadam, Pratichi

2016-01-01

There has been a growing interest among neonatologists and paediatricians regarding identification and evaluation of hypertension in the neonatal period. Despite the emergent normative data on blood pressure values in term and preterm neonates over the last two decades, there is still controversy regarding correct definition and classification of hypertension. This article will discuss the current definitions, available normative data and etiology of neonatal hypertension. There is paucity of records in terms of efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in this specific population and management is usually experience based, causing considerable heterogeneity amongst different units. This review article will also cover the evaluation, management, outcomes and follow up of neonatal hypertension with latest advances in this field. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

May maternal lifestyle have an impact on neonatal glucose levels?

Science.gov (United States)

Hoirisch-Clapauch, Silvia; Porto, Maria Amelia S; Nardi, Antonio E

2016-02-01

Neonatal glucose levels correlate negatively with umbilical cord levels of C-peptide, a polypeptide secreted with insulin. In other words, neonatal hypoglycemia results from excessive insulin secretion from fetal/neonatal beta cells. Given that insulin causes fat to be stored rather than to be used for energy, one would expect that chronic hyperinsulinemia would result in large-for-gestational-age neonates. The finding that many small-for-gestational-age neonates have hypoglycemia suggests that the stimulus for insulin production occurs close to delivery. We postulated that a potent stimulation of maternal insulin production close to delivery would also provide a potent stimulus for fetal and neonatal insulin production, causing neonatal hypoglycemia. This study has evaluated 155 mothers with markers of excessive insulin production (such as acanthosis or grade III obesity), or with situations characterized by increased insulin requirements (such as an invasive bacterial infection or use of systemic corticosteroid within a week before delivery; or sedentariness or high-carbohydrate intake within 24h before delivery) and their 158 neonates who were screened for glycemic levels at 1, 2 and 4h after birth. The minimum glucose level was correlated to the maternal parameters, and to classical predictors of neonatal hypoglycemia, such as low-birth weight and preterm delivery. The only independent predictors were sedentariness and high-carbohydrate intake within 24h before delivery. The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia increased five-fold with sedentariness, 11-fold with high-carbohydrate intake, and 329-fold with both risk factors. The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia seems to be highly influenced by maternal lifestyle within 24h before delivery. Controlled randomized trials may help determine whether a controlled carbohydrate diet combined with regular physical activity close to delivery can prevent neonatal hypoglycemia and all its severe complications to the newborn

Resultados da assistência ao parto no Centro de Parto Normal Dr. David Capistrano da Costa Filho em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil Results of childbirth care at a birthing center in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Sibylle Emilie Vogt Campos

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A qualidade da assistência prestada em Centro de Parto Normal (CPN por enfermeira obstetra é amplamente questionada. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 2.117 partos ocorridos entre janeiro de 2002 e julho 2003, no CPN Dr. David Capistrano da Costa Filho, em Belo Horizonte. Entre os principais resultados da assistência, destacam-se a taxa de transferência materna com 11,4%; a taxa de cesárea com 2,2%; a taxa de admissão em Centro de Tratamento Intensivo (CTI neonatal de 1,2%; e a taxa de Apgar This was a descriptive and retrospective study of 2,117 deliveries from January 2002 to July 2003 at the Dr. David Capistrano da Costa Filho Birthing Center in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Widespread questions have been raised concerning the quality of services provided at birthing centers by obstetric nurses. The results of the current study were: 11.4% maternal transfer rate; 2.2% cesarean sections; 1.2% neonatal ICU admissions; and 1% 5-minute Apgar scores below 7. Delivery dystocia and the request for epidural anesthesia were the main reasons for maternal transfer, and respiratory distress was the main cause of neonatal ICU admission. Corrected neonatal mortality was 2 per 1,000 live births. The results at this birthing center did not differ significantly from those in a review of the international literature. The most striking finding was the low cesarean rate. Comparative studies and more comprehensive national data on low-risk gestations are needed.

Participação nos Lucros ou Resultados

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Luiz Felipe Ferreira

2007-03-01

Full Text Available A participação nos lucros ou resultados é uma forma de remuneração variável, pela qual não há incidência de encargos sociais, além de incentivar o aumento da produtividade, podendo assim ser utilizada pelas empresas como estratégia, para enfrentarem os desafios dinâmicos e competitivos em que atuam. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e tem como objetivo conceituar e explanar as formas pela quais são praticadas a participação nos lucros ou resultados em empresas do setor alimentício em Santa Catarina, que foram escolhidas por meio do critério de acessibilidade e disponibilidade. Dos dados coletados, pode-se verificar que as empresas: COC Alimentos, Moinho Catarinense e Pepsico do Brasil utilizam a participação nos resultados e a Perdigão utiliza a participação mista. A Moinho Catarinense distribui para todos os empregados um salário nominal, como a CDC Alimentos, exceto para os gerentes. A Perdigão beneficia todos os empregados, sendo que 60% da distribuição é pelo lucro líquido e 40% por indicadores de desempenho. A Pepsico do Brasil distribui aos empregados operacionais 50% de um salário nominal e para os empregados da administração central um salário nominal, atrelado ao cumprimento de metas, especificadas no programa de participação nos lucros ou resultados.

Impacto dos polimorfismos genéticos SLCO1B1 sobre a hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal: revisão sistemática com metanálise

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Jiebo Liu

2013-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar se três variantes (388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A do membro 1B1 da família de transportadores de ânions orgânicos portadores de solutos (SLCO1B1 se associam à hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal. FONTE DE DADOS: Foi realizada busca na Infraestrutura do Conhecimento Nacional da China e em MEDLINE. A revisão sistemática com metanálise incluiu estudos genéticos que avaliaram a associação entre hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal e as variantes 388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A de SLCO1B1 entre janeiro de 1980 e dezembro de 2012. Foi realizada seleção e extração de dados por dois analistas, de forma independente. SUMÁRIO DOS ACHADOS: Foram incluídos dez artigos no estudo. Os resultados revelaram que SLCO1B1 388 G>A se associa a um aumento do risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal (ORC mostrou baixo risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascido chineses, e não foram encontradas associações importantes no Brasil nem em recém-nascidos caucasianos, asiáticos, tailandeses e malaios. Não houve diferenças significativas da SLCO1B1 463 C>A entre o grupo com hiperbilirrubinemia e o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que a mutação 388 G>A do gene SLCO1B1 é fator de risco para desenvolver hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não em populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias; a mutação SLCO1B1 521 T>C fornece proteção de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não nas populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias.

Neonatal Platelet Transfusions and Future Areas of Research.

Science.gov (United States)

Sola-Visner, Martha; Bercovitz, Rachel S

2016-10-01

Thrombocytopenia affects approximately one fourth of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units, and prophylactic platelet transfusions are commonly administered to reduce bleeding risk. However, there are few evidence-based guidelines to inform clinicians' decision-making process. Developmental differences in hemostasis and differences in underlying disease processes make it difficult to apply platelet transfusion practices from other patient populations to neonates. Thrombocytopenia is a risk factor for common preterm complications such as intraventricular hemorrhage; however, a causal link has not been established, and platelet transfusions have not been shown to reduce risk of developing intraventricular hemorrhage. Platelet count frequently drives the decision of whether to transfuse platelets, although there is little evidence to demonstrate what a safe platelet nadir is in preterm neonates. Current clinical assays of platelet function often require large sample volumes and are not valid in the setting of thrombocytopenia; however, evaluation of platelet function and/or global hemostasis may aid in the identification of neonates who are at the highest risk of bleeding. Although platelets' primary role is in establishing hemostasis, platelets also carry pro- and antiangiogenic factors in their granules. Aberrant angiogenesis underpins common complications of prematurity including intraventricular hemorrhage and retinopathy of prematurity. In addition, platelets play an important role in host immune defenses. Infectious and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis are commonly associated with late-onset thrombocytopenia in neonates. Severity of thrombocytopenia is correlated with mortality risk. The nature of this association is unclear, but preclinical data suggest that thrombocytopenia contributes to mortality rather than simply being a proxy for disease severity. Neonates are a distinct patient population in whom

Prevalência de anormalidades genitais em recém-nascidos Prevalence of genital abnormalities in neonates

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Isabella L. Monlleó

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência e descrever alterações da morfologia genital em recém-nascidos em duas maternidades-escola de gestão pública. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso/controle, descritivo, transversal. Utilizou-se protocolo clínico para avaliação da morfologia genital de 2.916 recém-nascidos entre 19/04/2010 e 18/04/2011. O grupo controle foi formado pelos nascimentos sem anormalidades morfológicas ocorridos no dia e na maternidade em que o caso foi detectado. Teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para análises de variáveis categóricas, e de Kruskal-Wallis, para igualdade de médias. RESULTADOS: Foram detectados 29 recém-nascidos com anormalidade genital (1:100. A maioria (93,2% foi examinada nos três primeiros dias de vida e apresentava apenas uma anormalidade. Os defeitos morfológicos compreenderam: ambiguidade genital evidente (1/29, fusão posterior de grandes lábios (1/29, micropênis (2/29, clitoromegalia (6/29, criptorquidia bilateral (6/29, hipospádia (9/29 e defeitos combinados (4/29 casos. Em apenas um caso os campos da Declaração de Nascido Vivo foram preenchidos corretamente. Prematuridade foi observada em 13/29, sendo esta a única variável estatisticamente associada à presença de anormalidade genital. Oito casos aderiram à proposta de investigação complementar, entre os quais três tiveram diagnóstico clínico de distúrbio da diferenciação do sexo. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se alta prevalência, subdiagnóstico e sub-registro de defeitos genitais nas maternidades estudadas. Os resultados reforçam a importância do exame cuidadoso de recém-nascidos com o objetivo de identificar anormalidades genitais sutis que podem compor o quadro clínico de distúrbio da diferenciação do sexo.OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of genital abnormalities among neonates in two public maternity-schools. METHODS: Case-control, cross-sectional descriptive study. Genital morphology of 2,916 neonates was assessed using a

Sistema hospitalar como fonte de informações para estimar a mortalidade neonatal e a natimortalidade The Brazilian hospital system as a source of information to estimate stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates

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Joyce MA Schramm

2000-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apesar da reconhecida importância em acompanhar a evolução temporal da mortalidade infantil precoce, a deficiência das estatísticas vitais no Brasil ainda permanece na agenda atual dos problemas que impedem o seu acompanhamento espaço-temporal. Realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de investigar o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS como fonte de informações, para estimar a natimortalidade e a mortalidade neonatal. MÉTODOS: Propõe-se um método para estimar a natimortalidade e a mortalidade neonatal, o qual foi aplicado para todos os Estados das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste e para o Pará, no ano de 1995. Para fins comparativos, o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM/MS foi utilizado para estimar as taxas sob estudo, após a correção do número de nascidos vivos por um método demográfico. RESULTADOS: O SIH/SUS forneceu mais óbitos fetais e neonatais precoces do que o SIM/MS em grande parte das unidades federadas da região Nordeste. Adicionalmente para os Estados localizados nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, que apresentam, em geral, boa cobertura do registro de óbitos, as taxas calculadas pelos dois sistemas de informação tiveram valores semelhantes. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando a cobertura incompleta das estatísticas vitais no Brasil e a agilidade do SIH/SUS em disponibilizar as informações em meio magnético, conclui-se que o uso do SIH/SUS poderá trazer inúmeras contribuições para análise do comportamento espaço-temporal do componente neonatal da mortalidade infantil no território brasileiro, em anos recentes.OBJECTIVE: Studies on the evolution of infant mortality rate are very relevant. Nevertheless, lack of vital statistics in Brazil limits the temporal and spatial analysis of this indicator. This study aims to investigate the possible use of the Brazilian Hospital Information System as an alternative information source for stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates by age group. METHODS: A

Normal lactate concentration range in the neonatal brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomiyasu, Moyoko; Aida, Noriko; Shibasaki, Jun; Tachibana, Yasuhiko; Endo, Mamiko; Nozawa, Kumiko; Shimizu, Eiji; Tsuji, Hiroshi; Obata, Takayuki

2016-11-01

Lactate peaks are occasionally observed during in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans of the neonatal brain, even in healthy patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of neonatal brain lactate concentration, as a definitive normal range would be clinically valuable. Using a clinical 3T scanner (echo/repetition times, 30/5000ms), single-voxel MRS data were obtained from the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) in 48 healthy neonates (postconceptional age (PCA), 30-43weeks), nine infants (age, 1-12months old), and 20 children (age, 4-15years). Lactate concentrations were calculated using an MRS signal quantification program, LCModel. Correlations between regional lactate concentration and PCA (neonates), or age (all subjects) were investigated. Absolute lactate concentrations of the BG and CS were as follows: neonates, 0.77mM (0-2.02) [median (range)] and 0.77 (0-1.42), respectively; infants, 0.38 (0-0.79) and 0.49 (0.17-1.17); and children, 0.17 (0-0.76) and 0.22 (0-0.80). Overall, subjects' lactate concentrations decreased significantly with age (Spearman: BG, n=61, ρ=-0.38, p=0.003; CS, n=68, ρ=-0.57, p<0.001). However, during the neonatal period no correlations were detected between lactate concentration in either region and PCA. We determined normal ranges of neonatal lactate concentration, which may prove useful for diagnostic purposes. Further studies regarding changes in brain lactate concentration during development would help clarify the reasons for higher concentrations observed during the neonatal period, and contribute to improvements in diagnoses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sonographic features of neonatal mastitis and breast abscess.

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Borders, Heather; Mychaliska, George; Gebarski, K Stiennon

2009-09-01

Neonatal mastitis and neonatal breast abscess are uncommon. Although well described in the pediatric and surgical literature, there is a paucity of reports describing their sonographic features. To describe and illustrate the sonographic features of neonatal mastitis and neonatal breast abscess. We reviewed the medical database of a large children's health-care center from 2000 through 2008 for patients presenting in the first 8 weeks of life with mastitis. The findings were correlated with clinical presentation and course, laboratory findings and clinical outcome. Four neonates (three girls and one boy) presented with mastitis. They all had prominent breast buds on the affected side with poorly defined margins, slightly more echogenic focally or diffusely compared to normal with hyperemia on color flow Doppler US. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue was thick and echogenic. Two abscesses presented as avascular areas without color flow on Doppler US, subtly increased through-transmission and surrounding hyperemia. One abscess was of increased echogenicity while the other was anechoic. Neonatal mastitis and breast abscess are unusual diseases that should be appropriately treated with antibiotics and drainage to avoid generalized sepsis, breast hypoplasia, and scarring. US is useful in distinguishing mastitis from breast abscess and guiding treatment options.

Perinatal transport: problems in neonatal intensive care capacity.

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Gill, A B; Bottomley, L; Chatfield, S; Wood, C

2004-05-01

To assess the quantity and nature of transfers within the Yorkshire perinatal service, with the aim of identifying suitable outcome measures for the assessment of future service improvements. Collection of data on perinatal transfers from all neonatal and maternity units located in the Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom from May to November 2000. Expectant mothers (in utero transfers) and neonates (ex utero transfers). None Quantification of in utero and ex utero transfers; the reasons for and resources required to support transfers; the nature of each transfer (acute, specialist, non-acute, into or out of region). In the period studied, there were 800 transfers (337 in utero; 463 ex utero); 306 transfers were "acute" (80% of transfers in utero), 214 because of specialist need, and 280 "non-acute". Some 37% of capacity transfers occurred from the two level 3 units in the region. Of 254 transfers out of the 14 neonatal units for intensive care, 44 (17.3%) were transferred to hospitals outside the normal neonatal commissioning boundaries. The study highlights a continuing apparent lack of capacity within the neonatal service in the Yorkshire region, resulting in considerable numbers of neonatal and maternal transfers.

Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the neonate: a review

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Gian Maria Pacifici

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to review the published data on the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in neonates to provide a critical analysis of the literature as a useful tool for physicians. The bibliographic search was performed for articles published up to December 3, 2010, using PubMed. In addition, the book Neofax: A Manual of Drugs Used in Neonatal Care by Young and Mangum was consulted. The cephalosporins are mainly eliminated by the kidneys, and their elimination rates are reduced at birth. As a consequence, clearance is reduced and t1/2 is more prolonged in the neonate than in more mature infants. The neonate's substantial body water content creates a large volume of distribution (Vd of cephalosporins, as these drugs are fairly water soluble. Postnatal development is an important factor in the maturation of the neonate, and as postnatal age proceeds, the clearance of cephalosporins increases. The maturation of the kidney governs the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the infant. Clearance and t1/2 are influenced by development, and this must be taken into consideration when planning a cephalosporin dosage regimen for the neonate.

Neonatal malaria complicated by hypoglycaemia and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There is no established and widely accepted guidelines for clinical management of severe neonatal malaria. The aim of this paper is to raise the alertness of physicians regarding the occurrence of severe malaria in the neonatal period and to describe the treatment modality we adopted (in the absence of an internationally ...

Cost Analysis of Treating Neonatal Hypoglycemia with Dextrose Gel.

Science.gov (United States)

Glasgow, Matthew J; Harding, Jane E; Edlin, Richard

2018-04-03

To evaluate the costs of using dextrose gel as a primary treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours after birth compared with standard care. We used a decision tree to model overall costs, including those specific to hypoglycemia monitoring and treatment and those related to the infant's length of stay in the postnatal ward or neonatal intensive care unit, comparing the use of dextrose gel for treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia with placebo, using data from the Sugar Babies randomized trial. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of dextrose gel cost, neonatal intensive care cost, cesarean delivery rate, and costs of glucose monitoring. In the primary analysis, treating neonatal hypoglycemia using dextrose gel had an overall cost of NZ$6863.81 and standard care (placebo) cost NZ$8178.25; a saving of NZ$1314.44 per infant treated. Sensitivity analyses showed that dextrose gel remained cost saving with wide variations in dextrose gel costs, neonatal intensive care unit costs, cesarean delivery rates, and costs of monitoring. Use of buccal dextrose gel reduces hospital costs for management of neonatal hypoglycemia. Because it is also noninvasive, well tolerated, safe, and associated with improved breastfeeding, buccal dextrose gel should be routinely used for initial treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12608000623392. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fellowship Training in the Emerging Fields of Fetal-Neonatal Neurology and Neonatal Neurocritical Care.

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Smyser, Christopher D; Tam, Emily W Y; Chang, Taeun; Soul, Janet S; Miller, Steven P; Glass, Hannah C

2016-10-01

Neonatal neurocritical care is a growing and rapidly evolving medical subspecialty, with increasing numbers of dedicated multidisciplinary clinical, educational, and research programs established at academic institutions. The growth of these programs has provided trainees in neurology, neonatology, and pediatrics with increased exposure to the field, sparking interest in dedicated fellowship training in fetal-neonatal neurology. To meet this rising demand, increasing numbers of training programs are being established to provide trainees with the requisite knowledge and skills to independently deliver care for infants with neurological injury or impairment from the fetal care center and neonatal intensive care unit to the outpatient clinic. This article provides an initial framework for standardization of training across these programs. Recommendations include goals and objectives for training in the field; core areas where clinical competency must be demonstrated; training activities and neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic modalities which require proficiency; and programmatic requirements necessary to support a comprehensive and well-rounded training program. With consistent implementation, the proposed model has the potential to establish recognized standards of professional excellence for training in the field, provide a pathway toward Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education certification for program graduates, and lead to continued improvements in medical and neurological care provided to patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Two Neonates with Congenital Hydrocolpos

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Vydehi Murthy

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Neonatal hydrocolpos is a rare condition. Hydrocolpos is cystic dilatation of the vagina with fluid accumulation due to a combination of stimulation of secretary glands of the reproductive tract and vaginal obstruction. The differential for a neonatal presentation of lower abdominal mass includes urogenital anomalies, Hirschsprung’s, disease or sacrococcygeal teratoma. Prenatal diagnosis and early newborn imaging studies leads to early detection and treatment of these cases. Case. We report here two cases of neonatal hydrocolpos with prenatal diagnosis of lower abdominal mass. Postnatally, ultrasound, MRI imaging, and cystoscopy confirmed large cystic mass as hydrocolpos with distal vaginal obstruction. Both patients had enlarged renal system secondary to mass effect. Conclusion. High index of suspicion for hydrocolpos in a newborn presenting with fetal diagnosis of infraumbilical abdominal mass will facilitate timely intervention and prevention of complications.

[Spectrum of congenital malformations observed in neonates of consanguineous parents].

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto Escalante, D; Castillo Zapata, I; Ruiz Allec, D; Ceballos Quintal, J M

2006-01-01

Consanguineous unions occur in all populations around the world. Couples related as second cousins or closer have been observed with deleterious effect. Among the clinical effects of parental consanguinity, the incidence of offspring with congenital malformations (CM) increases approximately two-fold. A hospital database of neonates with CM was searched to select neonates with parental consanguinity and two control groups. One control group consisted of healthy neonates and the other control group consisted of neonates with CM but without parental consanguinity. Both control groups consisted of the first neonate of the same sex to be born after a consanguineous neonate with CM. Family, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, as well as the severity of the malformations, were compared between the two groups with CM. Neonates with CM were grouped into five categories: Major multiple CM, minor multiple CM, isolated major CM, isolated minor CM, and specific diseases. The indigenous Mayan subpopulation was also analyzed. Among 1117 neonates with CM, parental consanguinity was found in 21. Parental consanguinity was also found in 8 neonates in the group of healthy controls (OR 2.4 [1.05-5.95]). The most common form of consanguinity was between second cousins and was more frequent in the Mayan subpopulation. Major multiple CM were more frequent among consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples. No association was found between the severity of CM and the degree of relationship. The prevalence of consanguinity found in neonates with CM and healthy controls (1.9 % and 0.8 %) was similar to that found in other Latin populations. A higher prevalence was found in the Mayan population. Mayor multiple CM were more frequent among the neonates of consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia: learning from claims

OpenAIRE

Hawdon, Jane M; Beer, Jeanette; Sharp, Deborah; Upton, Michele

2016-01-01

Objectives Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a potential cause of neonatal morbidity, and on rare but tragic occasions causes long-term neurodevelopmental harm with consequent emotional and practical costs for the family. The organisational cost to the NHS includes the cost of successful litigation claims. The purpose of the review was to identify themes that could alert clinicians to common pitfalls and thus improve patient safety. Design The NHS Litigation Authority (NHS LA) Claims Management Syste...

Effects of maternal hypertension on the neonatal haemogram in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Haematocrit and white blood cell differentials were done manually. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results A total of 200 neonates were recruited, comprising 100 neonates of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 100 neonates of normotensive mothers. The mean haematocrit was significantly ...

Causes and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates with Acute Abdomen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Causes and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates with Acute Abdomen Requiring Surgery at ... Neonatal surgery is challenging, particularly in the emergency setting whereby ... Other causes included peritonitis (6.9%) and abdominal wall defects (4.7%). ... accounting for 13 cases (30.2%) and mortality was 34.9 % ( 15 neonates).

Severe hyperglycaemia due to neonatal sepsis - A case report ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. The clinical signs of neonatal sepsis are neither specific nor uniform. Neonatal sepsis may present with fever, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea and hyperglycaemia.

Neonatal Jaundice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maimburg, Rikke Damkjær; Væth, Michael; Schendel, Diana

2008-01-01

In a previous study, we found that infants transferred to a neonatal ward after delivery had an almost twofold increased risk of being diagnosed with infantile autism later in childhood in spite of extensive controlling of obstetric risk factors. We therefore decided to investigate other reasons ...

Predictors of early neonatal mortality at a neonatal intensive care ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

admin

mortality and they have been the reasons for the wide variation in mortality rates among the health facilities reporting. Objective: ... A study in Indonesia about determinants of neonatal ..... antenatal visit, frequency of visits and administration of.

Design of a Functional Training Prototype for Neonatal Resuscitation

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Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Birth Asphyxia is considered to be one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality around the world. Asphyxiated neonates require skilled resuscitation to survive the neonatal period. The project aims to train health professionals in a basic newborn care using a prototype with an ultimate objective to have one person at every delivery trained in neonatal resuscitation. This prototype will be a user-friendly device with which one can get trained in performing neonatal resuscitation in resource-limited settings. The prototype consists of a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR that measures the pressure applied and is interfaced with Arduino® which controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD and Light Emitting Diode (LED indication for pressure and compression counts. With the increase in population and absence of proper medical care, the need for neonatal resuscitation program is not well addressed. The proposed work aims at offering a promising solution for training health care individuals on resuscitating newborn babies under low resource settings.

Neonatal morbidity associated with shoulder dystocia maneuvers.

Science.gov (United States)

Spain, Janine E; Frey, Heather A; Tuuli, Methodius G; Colvin, Ryan; Macones, George A; Cahill, Alison G

2015-03-01

We sought to examine neonatal morbidity associated with different maneuvers used among term patients who experience a shoulder dystocia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women who experienced a clinically diagnosed shoulder dystocia at term requiring obstetric maneuvers at a single tertiary care hospital from 2005 through 2008. We excluded women with major fetal anomaly, intrauterine death, multiple gestation, and preterm. Women exposed to Rubin maneuver, Wood's screw maneuver, or delivery of the posterior arm were compared to women delivered by McRoberts/suprapubic pressure only, which served as the reference group. The primary outcome was a composite morbidity of neonatal injury (defined as clavicular or humeral fracture or brachial plexus injury) and neonatal depression (defined as Apgar dystocia, defined as time from delivery of fetal head to delivery of shoulders. Among the 231 women who met inclusion criteria, 135 were delivered by McRoberts/suprapubic pressure alone (57.9%), 83 women were exposed to Rubin maneuver, 53 women were exposed to Wood's screw, and 36 women were exposed to delivery of posterior arm. Individual maneuvers were not associated with composite morbidity, neonatal injury, or neonatal depression after adjusting for nulliparity and duration of shoulder dystocia. We found no association between shoulder dystocia maneuvers and neonatal morbidity after adjusting for duration, a surrogate for severity. Our results demonstrate that clinicians should utilize the maneuver most likely to result in successful delivery. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Serum zinc status of neonates with seizure

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Olia Sharmeen

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Background: Seizure is a common neurological disorder in neonatal age group!. Primary metabolic derangement is one of the important reason behind this convulsion during this period. Among primary metabolic derangement hypoglycemia, is most common followed by bypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, low zinc status etc. As causes of many cases of convul­sion remain unknown in neonate. Objectives: To see the zinc status in the sera of neonate with convulsion. So that if needed early intervention can be taken up and thereby prevent complications. Method: A total of 50 neonates (1-28 days who had convulsion with no apparent reasons of convulsion were enrolled as cases and 50 healthy age and sex matched neonates were enrolled as controls. After a quick clinical evaluation serum zinc status was estimated from venous blood by atomic absorption method in Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre. Low zinc was considered if serum value was <0.7mg/L. Results: Among a total of 50 cases 6% had low zinc value & 2% of controls also had low zinc level. The mean serwu zinc level of cases and controls were 1.57±0.95 and 2.37±1.06 mmol/1 respectively (p<0.01. Conclusion: From the study it is seen that low zinc value is an important cause of neonatal seizure due to primary metabolic abnormalities. So early recognition and treatment could save these babies from long term neurological sequelies.

Risk factors for hearing loss in neonates

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Ni Luh Putu Maharani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Background An estimated 6 of 1,000 children with live births suffer from permanent hearing loss at birth or the neonatal period. At least 90% of cases occur in developing countries. Hearing loss should be diagnosed as early as possible so that intervention can be done before the age of 6 months. Objective To determine risk factors for hearing loss in neonates. Methods We performed a case-control study involving 100 neonates with and without hearing loss who were born at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar from November 2012 to February 2013. Subjects were consisted of 2 groups, those with hearing loss (case group of 50 subjects and without hearing loss (control group of 50 subjects. The groups were matched for gender and birth weight. We assessed the following risk factors for hearing loss: severe neonatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, history of aminoglycoside therapy, and mechanical ventilation by Chi-square analysis. The results were presented as odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Seventy percent of neonates with hearing loss had history of aminoglycoside therapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that aminoglycoside therapy of 14 days or more was a significant risk factor for hearing loss (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.1 to 6.8; P=0.040. There were no statistically significant associations between hearing loss and severe asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, or mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Aminoglycoside therapy for >=14 days was identified as a risk factor for hearing loss in neonates.

Opiate v CNS depressant therapy in neonatal drug abstinence syndrome.

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Kandall, S R; Doberczak, T M; Mauer, K R; Strashun, R H; Korts, D C

1983-04-01

Paregoric and phenobarbital, administered randomly in 153 passively addicted neonates, initially appeared to control neonatal abstinence signs equally well. However, seven of the 62 phenobarbital-treated newborns had abstinence-associated seizures within the first month of life, while none of 49 paregoric-treated neonates had seizures. Forty-two neonates initially requiring no specific pharmacotherapy for abstinence signs were born to mothers taking less methadone hydrochloride just before delivery. Five of those 42 neonates, however, had seizures within the first 14 days of life. Seizure occurrence could not be predicted from analysis of early abstinence patterns. We consider paregoric to be the treatment of choice for the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Phenobarbital use should be monitored with serum drug levels and modification of recommended dosage regimens considered.

Fetal neonatal hyperthyroidism: diagnostic and therapeutic approachment

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Kurtoğlu, Selim; Özdemir, Ahmet

2017-01-01

Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism may occur in mothers with Graves’ disease. Fetal thyrotoxicosis manifestation is observed with the transition of TSH receptor stimulating antibodies to the fetus from the 17th–20th weeks of pregnancy and with the fetal TSH receptors becoming responsive after 20 weeks. The diagnosis is confirmed by fetal tachycardia, goiter and bone age advancement in pregnancy and maternal treatment is conducted in accordance. The probability of neonatal hyperthyroidism is high in the babies of mothers that have ongoing antithyroid requirement and higher antibody levels in the last months of pregnancy. Clinical manifestation may be delayed by 7–17 days because of the antithyroid drugs taken by the mother. Neonatal hyperthyroidism symptoms can be confused with sepsis and congenital viral infections. Herein, the diagnosis and therapeutic approach are reviewed in cases of fetal neonatal hyperthyroidism. PMID:28439194

Colonization with hospital flora and its associated risk factors in neonates hospitalized in neonatal ward of a teaching center in Isfahan, Iran.

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Shirani, Kiana; Mostafavizadeh, Kamyar; Ataei, Behrouz; Akhani, Khatere

2018-01-01

Due to the high incidence and prevalence of infection in neonatal ward, especially Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) reported by different studies and the important role of colonization with hospital germs in the development of nosocomial infections, we intended to evaluate the risk of colonization with hospital germs in neonates and its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2016 in a Teaching Center in Iran. In total, 51 neonates were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and after recording their information in a checklist, samples were taken by swab from outer ear, axilla, and groin for culture. Neonates with negative culture from mentioned regions were enrolled in the study. The swab samples again were taken and sent for culture from mentioned regions in at least 3 days after hospitalization. Culture results from first and second sampling were collected and analyzed statistically. This study was conducted on 51 neonates. The mean gestational age among the neonates ranged from 35.25 (Week) ± 2.98. 22 girls (43.1%) and 29 boys (56.9%), most of them were born by cesarean. Based on the results of logistic regression, a significant association was found between the occurrence of colonization of hospital flora and the place hospitalization of the newborns (odds ratio (OR): 4.750; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-17.85). This study revealed that the only risk factors of colonization with hospital flora in neonates are the type of delivery and place of hospitalization. Based on findings of the study, it is recommended to focus on efforts in increasing the rate of natural birth as well as improving conditions of infection control in NICUs to reduce the number of incidences of colonization with hospital flora in neonates.

Early neonatal deaths associated with perinatal asphyxia in infants ≥2500 g in Brazil

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Maria Fernanda Branco de Almeida

2017-11-01

ós o nascimento por asfixia perinatal, definida como hipóxia intrauterina, asfixia no nascimento ou síndrome de aspiração de mecônio. A causa do óbito foi escrita em qualquer linha do atestado de óbito, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10a Revisão (P20.0, P21.0 e P24.0. Foi feita uma pesquisa ativa em 27 unidades federativas brasileiras. O teste Qui-quadrado de tendência foi aplicado para analisar os índices de mortalidade neonatal associados a asfixia perinatal até o ano do estudo. Resultados: Um total de 10.675 neonatos com peso ≥2.500 g sem malformações morreu até 0-6 dias após o nascimento por asfixia perinatal. Os óbitos ocorreram nas primeiras 24 horas após o nascimento em 71% dos neonatos. A síndrome de aspiração de mecônio foi relatada em 4.076 (38% dos óbitos. O índice de mortalidade neonatal precoce relacionada à asfixia caiu de 0,81 em 2005 para 0,65 por 1.000 nascidos vivos em 2010 no Brasil (p < 0,001; o índice de mortalidade neonatal precoce relacionada a síndrome de aspiração de mecônio permaneceu entre 0,20-0,29 por 1.000 nascidos vivos durante o período do estudo. Conclusões: Apesar da redução nas taxas no Brasil de 2005 a 2010, as taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce associadas à asfixia perinatal em neonatos no melhor espectro de peso ao nascer e sem malformações congênitas ainda são altas, e a síndrome de aspiração de mecônio desempenha um importante papel. Keywords: Asphyxia neonatorum, Early neonatal mortality, Meconium aspiration syndrome, Infant, Newborn, Brazil, Palavras-chave: Asfixia neonatal, Mortalidade neonatal precoce, Síndrome de aspiração de mecônio, Neonato, Recém-nascido, Brasil

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia.

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Scott, Angela; Glover, Jason; Skoda-Smith, Suzanne; Torgerson, Troy R; Xu, Min; Burroughs, Lauri M; Woolfrey, Ann E; Fleming, Mark D; Shimamura, Akiko

2015-11-01

Aplastic anemia in the neonate is rare. We report a case of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia. This report highlights the importance of considering SCID early in the evaluation of neonatal aplastic anemia prior to the development of infectious complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Avaliação pré-operatória na cirurgia de catarata Preoperative evaluation and cataract surgery

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Fernando Sabia Tallo

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a relevância da avaliação pré-operatória na prevenção de eventos clínicos adversos per e pós-operatórios na cirurgia de catarata. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 1.254 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata no Instituto da Catarata do Departamento Oftalmologia UNIFESP-EPM, no período de jan-dez 2004. Dados referentes à avaliação pré-operatória e à ocorrência de eventos clínicos adversos relacionados ao procedimento anestésico/cirúrgico foram retrospectivamente coletados. RESULTADOS: Dezesseis pacientes (1,2% apresentaram evento clínico adverso. Novecentos e trinta e seis pacientes (74,6% apresentaram pelo menos um exame alterado, porém este fator não mostrou associação com a ocorrência de evento clínico adverso (p=0,334. CONCLUSÃO: Na série estudada a alteração de exames laboratoriais, eletrocardiograma e/ou radiografia de tórax não se correlacionou com a ocorrência de eventos clínicos adversos relacionados ao procedimento anestésico/cirúrgico.PURPOSE: Analysis of the relevance of preoperative evaluation to prevent adverse clinical events, pre- and postoperative, on cataract surgery. METHODS: The study includes 1254 patients submitted to cataract surgery at the Instituto da Catarata do Departamento de Oftalmologia da UNIFESP - EPM, in the period of Jan - Dec 2004. Data referring to the preoperative evaluation and adverse clinical events related to anesthesia/surgical procedure were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (1.2% showed an adverse clinical event. Nine hundred thirty-six patients (74.6% showed at least one altered examination. This factor, nevertheless, did not show any relation to the adverse clinical event (p=0.334. CONCLUSION: Concerning the studied series, the altered laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and/or thorax x-ray has no correlation with the adverse clinical events related to the anesthesia/surgical procedure.

Seguridad de la terapia de interferón alfa 2b recombinante más ribavirina en la hepatitis crónica C

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Yoan Antonio Sánchez Rodríguez

2011-03-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la hepatitis crónica C ha adquirido rango de pandemia. El virus de la hepatitis C se ha convertido en la causa principal de hepatitis crónica, cirrosis hepática, hepatocarcinoma, y trasplante de hígado a nivel mundial. OBJETIVO: identificar los efectos adversos asociados a la terapia combinada interferón alfa 2b recombinante más ribavirina durante la evolución del tratamiento y hasta 8 semanas después de finalizado, así como los principales efectos asociados a salidas temporales o definitivas de esta terapia. MÉTODOS: estudio de farmacovigilancia cuya serie estuvo conformada por 122 pacientes con hepatitis crónica C atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología desde mayo de 2001 hasta mayo de 2006. Se utilizó interferón alfa 2b recombinante (3 millones de unidades 3 veces por semana más ribavirina (1 000 o 1 200 mg diarios en dependencia del peso corporal durante 48 semanas. RESULTADOS: el 88,5 % del total de casos presentó efectos adversos; de ellos el 79,5 % correspondió al síndrome seudogripal, seguido de manifestaciones hematológicas, neuropsiquiátricas, gastrointestinales, entre otras menos frecuentes. El 6,6 % de la serie presentó salidas temporales del tratamiento por efecto adverso distinto de la anemia y 4 pacientes, salidas definitivas del estudio, tres por anemia hemolítica severa y uno con hipertiroidismo no controlable. CONCLUSIONES: la terapia combinada interferón alfa 2b recombinante más ribavirina resulta segura, donde el mayor número de casos presentó síndrome seudogripal como efecto adverso más frecuente. Las manifestaciones hematológicas asociadas a las salidas definitivas del estudio permitieron recomendar seguimiento estricto de la hemoglobina y profundizar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los principales efectos adversos presentes en otros sistemas y asociados a esta terapia.

Pattern of neonatal septicemia in a Malaysian maternity hospital.

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Boo, N Y; Wong, Y H; Lim, V K

1989-09-01

Over a 12 months period, out of 25,411 livebirths, 155 neonates (6.1 per 1000 livebirths) had proven septicemia by blood culture. The mortality rate was 26.5%. Septicemia was more common among the very low birthweight and preterm neonates of gestation of 30 weeks or less. 45.8% of the septicemia occurred during the first 48 hours of life. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common causative organism. However, mortality was highest among neonates who acquired multiresistant nosocomial infection during the later part of neonatal life.

Neonatal hypocalcemia and its relation to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

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Elsary, Asmaa Y; Elgameel, Alkassem A; Mohammed, Wael S; Zaki, Osman M; Taha, Shaimaa A

2018-03-01

To assess the prevalence of hypocalcemia in outpatient clinic neonates and its relation to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.  Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital from May to October 2016. Data were collected from 100 neonates by interviewing mothers using a structured questionnaire; which included socio-demographic information, maternal and neonatal history; in addition to investigations of serum calcium total and ionized and serum vitamin D level. Results: The prevalence of hypocalcemia was 76%, late hypocalcemia represent 52% of hypocalcemic neonates. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 38%. Hypocalcemia was found more prevalent among neonates with no history of vitamin D supplementation (98.7%), no history of maternal calcium supplementation (57.9%), while they had a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy (46.1%) which increased to 53.8% with late hypocalcemia. Conclusion: Neonatal hypocalcemia is widely prevalent in Fayoum governorate with significant association with a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy, not receiving maternal calcium or neonatal vitamin D supplementation.

Palliative care in the neonatal unit: neonatal nursing staff perceptions of facilitators and barriers in a regional tertiary nursery.

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Kilcullen, Meegan; Ireland, Susan

2017-05-11

Neonatology has made significant advances in the last 30 years. Despite the advances in treatments, not all neonates survive and a palliative care model is required within the neonatal context. Previous research has focused on the barriers of palliative care provision. A holistic approach to enhancing palliative care provision should include identifying both facilitators and barriers. A strengths-based approach would allow barriers to be addressed while also enhancing facilitators. The current study qualitatively explored perceptions of neonatal nurses about facilitators and barriers to delivery of palliative care and also the impact of the regional location of the unit. The study was conducted at the Townsville Hospital, which is the only regional tertiary neonatal unit in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight neonatal nurses. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted within a phenomenological framework. Six themes emerged regarding family support and staff factors that were perceived to support the provision of palliative care of a high quality. Staff factors included leadership, clinical knowledge, and morals, values, and beliefs. Family support factors included emotional support, communication, and practices within the unit. Five themes emerged from the data that were perceived to be barriers to providing quality palliative care. Staff perceived education, lack of privacy, isolation, staff characteristics and systemic (policy, and procedure) factors to impact upon palliative care provision. The regional location of the unit also presented unique facilitators and barriers to care. This study identified and explored facilitators and barriers in the delivery of quality palliative care for neonates in a regional tertiary setting. Themes identified suggested that a strengths-approach, which engages and amplifies facilitating factors while identified barriers are addressed or minimized, would be successful in

Frequency of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS and type of the narcotic substance in neonates born from drug addicted mothers

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Fatemeh Nayeri

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background and objective: NAS is a combination of signs and symptoms that due to physical and mental dependency, develops in neonates born from drug addicted mothers. The onset of NAS varies in accordance with the type, amount, frequency and duration of substance used. Because of diverse and unclear pattern of substance abuse in Iranian addicted pregnant mothers in comparison with western countries, this multi-center study has been designed to evaluate NAS in neonates born from drug addicted mothers. Material and method: A cross sectional study was carried out on newborns of narcotic addicted mothers during the first six months of 2008. The newborn’s status and clinical signs were checked by physical examination and scored by the Finnegan scoring system. Results: In this study 100 neonates born from narcotic addicted mothers were examined; the most used narcotic was crack (36%. 60% of neonates showed signs of NAS. The most prevalent signs of NAS were increased muscle tonicity (60%/7, irritability (59%/6 and increased moro reflex (51%/8. Neonates born from crack abusers, in comparison with other drugs, were significantly at risk of NAS (100% vs.87%, p

Determinants of neonatal death with emphasis on health care during pregnancy, childbirth and reproductive history

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Samir B. Kassar

2013-05-01

controles selecionados em bancos de dados oficiais brasileiros. Os casos foram todos os recém-nascidos que morreram antes de completar 28 dias de vida, selecionados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, e os controles foram os sobreviventes neste período, selecionados no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos, por sorteio aleatório entre as crianças nascidas na mesma data do caso. Entrevistas domiciliares foram realizadas com as mães. Resultados: A análise de regressão logística identificou como fatores determinantes para a morte no período neonatal mães com história de filhos anteriores que morreram no primeiro ano de vida (OR = 3,08, o internamento durante a gestação (OR = 2,48, o pré-natal inadequado (OR = 2,49, a não realização de ecografia durante o pré-natal (OR = 3,89, a transferência de recém-nascidos para outra unidade após o nascimento (OR = 5,06, os recém-nascidos internados em UTI (OR = 5,00 e o baixo peso ao nascer (OR = 2,57. Entre as condições socioeconômicas, observou-se uma maior chance para mortalidade neonatal em residências com menor número de moradores (OR = 1,73 e com ausência de filhos menores de cinco anos (OR = 10,10. Conclusão: Vários fatores que se mostraram associados à mortalidade neonatal neste estudo podem ser decorrentes de assistência inadequada ao pré-natal, ao parto e ao recém-nascido, sendo, portanto, passíveis de serem modificados. Keywords: Maternal-child health, Neonatal mortality, Risk factors, Case-control studies, Palavras-chave: Saúde materno-infantil, Mortalidade neonatal, Fatores de risco, Estudos caso-controle

Exposição a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez no Sul do Brasil, 1996-2000 Pesticide exposure and adverse pregnancy events, Southern Brazil, 1996-2000

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Cleber Cremonese

2012-07-01

Full Text Available O Brasil é o primeiro mercado mundial consumidor de agrotóxicos. Evidências epidemiológicas apontam associação entre exposição materna a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico para investigar possíveis associações entre o consumo per capita de agrotóxicos por microrregiões e eventos adversos em nascidos vivos na Região Sul do Brasil no período 1996-2000. Dados foram obtidos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE e ao Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS. Microrregiões foram agrupadas segundo quartis de consumo de agrotóxicos e foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP. O teste qui-quadrado foi usado para calcular o valor de p de tendência lineal. Nas microrregiões de maior consumo de agrotóxicos nascimentos prematuros (Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between maternal exposure to pesticides and adverse pregnancy events. An ecological study was conducted to investigate potential relations between per capita pesticide consumption and adverse events in live born infants in micro-regions in the South of Brazil (1996-2000. The data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE and the Health Information Department of the Unified National Health System (DATASUS. Micro-regions were grouped into quartiles of pesticide consumption, and prevalence ratios (PR were calculated. Linear trend p-values were obtained with the chi-square test. Premature birth (gestational age < 22 weeks and low 1 and 5-minute Apgar score (< 8 in both boys and girls showed a significantly higher PR in the upper quartile of pesticide consumption. No significant differences were observed for low birth weight. The findings suggest that prenatal pesticide exposure is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy events such as premature birth and inadequate maturation.

Incidência de infecção nosocomial causada por vírus respiratórios em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos e semi-intensivos neonatal.

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GADELHA, C. S. E.

2012-01-01

O neonato, especialmente aquele nascido antes do termo, é mais suscetível às infecções. Existem poucos dados publicados sobre as infecções virais nosocomiais. no período neonatal e estes apresentam resultados discordantes. Objetivos: Determinar a incidência de infecção viral nosocomial em neonatos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e semi-intensiva, em Vitória, ES e realizar vigilância clínica quanto ao aparecimento de sintomas sugestivos desta infecção viral. Métodos: Trata...

Development and validation of Neonatal Satisfaction Survey--NSS-13.

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Hagen, Inger H; Vadset, Tove B; Barstad, Johan; Svindseth, Marit F

2015-06-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey to investigate parents' satisfaction with neonatal wards in a population of parents of children with a gestation age of ≥24 weeks to 3 months after full-term birth. We explored the literature and conducted three focus groups: two with expert health personnel and one with parents. We tested the survey in a parent population (N = 105) and report the different stages in the validation process along with the full survey, the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey - 13 categories (NSS-13). We found 13 subcategories in the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey. The subcategories measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units based on staff, admission, nurses, anxiety, siblings (parents' perceptions of caring for the siblings of the newborn), information, timeout, doctors, facilities, nutrition, preparation for discharge, trust and visitors. Each subcategory showed acceptable internal consistency. The full version of the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey presents 69 items, and each subcategory contains two to eleven items. The Neonatal Satisfaction Survey seems suitable to measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units and can be used in full, but it can also measure subcategories. Parents' satisfaction with neonatal units can be used to improve the quality in such wards. We consider this study as the first in a series to validate the NSS-13. The full survey with subcategories is presented in this paper. © 2014 Nordic College of Caring Science.

Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT em Bombeiros de Belo Horizonte, Brasil: Prevalência e Fatores Ocupacionais Associados

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Eduardo de Paula Lima

Full Text Available RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência (últimos 30 dias de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT e investigar se variáveis ocupacionais estão associadas ao desfecho em bombeiros de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Estudo transversal foi realizado em 2011. Dentre 794 elegíveis, 711 (89,5% participaram. Informações foram obtidas por questionário de autorrelato: variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais, saúde e eventos extralaborais adversos. A prevalência de TEPT foi 6,9%. Variáveis ocupacionais contribuíram para explicar o desfecho no modelo final (regressão logística multivariável: fatores psicosssociais do trabalho, eventos traumáticos ocupacionais, tempo de trabalho e absenteísmo. Idade, problemas de saúde mental no passado e eventos adversos extralaborais também foram associados ao TEPT. Os resultados são discutidos considerando os pressupostos do Modelo Demanda-Controle.

Is dexamethasone as effective as other corticosteroids for acute asthma exacerbation in children?

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Gonzalo A. Bravo-Soto

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen La dexametasona se ha planteado como una opción en el tratamiento de exacerbación asmática en niños, acortando el tratamiento, lo que además de ventajas prácticas, podría reducir costos y potenciales efectos adversos. No está claro, sin embargo, si su eficacia es similar al esquema esteroidal tradicional. Para responder esta interrogante utilizamos la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información. Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen diez ensayos controlados aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que la dexametasona, en comparación con otros corticoides, probablemente tiene menos efectos adversos, y podría ser igual de efectiva en reducir hospitalizaciones y reconsulta.

Prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations among neonates in the neonatal unit of a teaching hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, S.; Sabir, M.; Tarar, S. H.; Mushtaq, R.; Asghar, I.; Chattha, M. N.

2014-01-01

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations among neonates in a teaching hospital. Methods: The prospective hospital-based study was conducted over a period of 18 months in the neonatal unit of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from September 2011 to February 2013. All neonates from newborn to 28 days of age admitted to the unit irrespective of their condition comprised the study population. Neonatal examination was done by the Registrar at the time of admission followed by neonatologist/paediatrician. Information regarding gender, weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, consanguinity, maternal age, antenatal visit record and family history were recorded on a predesigned proforma. After clinical examination, if required, relevant investigations like ultrasonography, radiology, echocardiography, laboratory and genetic studies were done to confirm diagnosis. Data was statistically analysed by using SPSS 20. Results: Out of 3,210 total admissions, 226 (7%) neonates were congenitally malformed. Of them, 130 (57.52 %) were male and 96 (42.47 %) females. Among different body systems affected, anomalies related to the central nervous system were 46(20.35%) musculoskeletal 42(18.58%), genitourinary 34 (15.04%), cardiovascular system 30 (13.27%), ear, eye, face, neck 27(11.94%), digestive system 19 (8.40%), syndromes and skin 14 (6.19%) each. Conclusion: Congenital Malformations are not rare in our community and central nervous system is the most commonly affected system. Healthcare managers must stress upon primary prevention in the form of vaccination, nutrition and drugs to decrease preventable share of congenital malformations. (author)

Brain injuries due to neonatal hypoglycemia: case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae Bong; Song, Chang Joon; Chang, Mae Young; Youn, Hyae Won

2003-01-01

Although hypoglycemia may be common among neonates, brain injuries resulting from isolated neonatal hypoglycemia are rare. The condition may cause neurological symptoms such as stupor, jitteriness, and seizures, though in their absence, diagnosis delayed or difficult. Hypoglycemia was diagnosed in a three-day-old neonate after he visited the emergency department with loose stool, poor oral intake, and decreased activity, first experienced two days earlier. Two days after his visity, several episodes of seizure occurred. T2 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, performed at 11 days of age, revealed bilateral and symmetrical high signal intensity lesions in occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. We report the MR findings of hypoglycemic encephalopathy in a neonate

Quantifying Neonatal Sucking Performance: Promise of New Methods.

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Capilouto, Gilson J; Cunningham, Tommy J; Mullineaux, David R; Tamilia, Eleonora; Papadelis, Christos; Giannone, Peter J

2017-04-01

Neonatal feeding has been traditionally understudied so guidelines and evidence-based support for common feeding practices are limited. A major contributing factor to the paucity of evidence-based practice in this area has been the lack of simple-to-use, low-cost tools for monitoring sucking performance. We describe new methods for quantifying neonatal sucking performance that hold significant clinical and research promise. We present early results from an ongoing study investigating neonatal sucking as a marker of risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We include quantitative measures of sucking performance to better understand how movement variability evolves during skill acquisition. Results showed the coefficient of variation of suck duration was significantly different between preterm neonates at high risk for developmental concerns (HRPT) and preterm neonates at low risk for developmental concerns (LRPT). For HRPT, results indicated the coefficient of variation of suck smoothness increased from initial feeding to discharge and remained significantly greater than healthy full-term newborns (FT) at discharge. There was no significant difference in our measures between FT and LRPT at discharge. Our findings highlight the need to include neonatal sucking assessment as part of routine clinical care in order to capture the relative risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at discharge. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Efferent inhibition of otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates

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Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities in auditory function of newborns may occur not only because of preterm birth, but also from the use of medications and from diseases related to prematurity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the inhibitory effect from stimulation of the olivocochlear efferent system on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates, comparing these data with those from full-term neonates. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, contemporary cohort study with 125 neonates, pooled into two groups: full-term (72 full-term neonates, 36 females and 36 males, born at 37-41 weeks of gestational age; and preterm (53 neonates, 28 males and 25 females, born at ≤36 weeks of gestational age, evaluated at the corrected gestational age of 37-41 weeks. Otoacoustic emissions were recorded using linear and nonlinear click-evoked stimuli, with and without contralateral stimulation. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of the efferent pathway in otoacoustic emissions was different (p = 0.012 between groups, and a mean reduction of 1.48 dB SPL in full-term births and of 1.02 dB SPL in preterm births was observed for the non-linear click-evoked stimulus. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a reduced inhibitory effect of the olivocochlear efferent system on otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates.

Colonização materna e neonatal por estreptococo do grupo B em situações de ruptura pré-termo de membranas e no trabalho de parto prematuro Group B streptococcus maternal and neonatal colonization in preterm rupture of membranes and preterm labor

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Marcelo Luís Nomura

2009-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco de colonização materna por estreptococo do grupo B (EGB em gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP e/ou ruptura prematura pré-termo de membranas (RPM. MÉTODOS: foram colhidos dois swabs anais e dois swabs vaginais de 203 gestantes com diagnóstico de TPP ou RPM entre 22 e 36 semanas completas de gestação atendidas no serviço em um período de um ano. Foram excluídas as gestantes que deram entrada com parto iminente. Um swab de cada local foi colocado em meio de transporte, sendo posteriormente enviados para cultura em placas de ágar-sangue, os outros dois foram incubados por 24 horas em meio de Todd-Hewitt para posterior semeadura em placas de ágar-sangue. Foram analisados fatores de risco com o uso do teste do qui-quadrado, t de Student (p ajustado a 0,05 e intervalo de confiança 95% e de regressão logística. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, raça, paridade e escolaridade maternas; resultados das culturas por local de coleta e tipo de cultura; diagnóstico de admissão; idade gestacional de admissão; bacteriúria assintomática; idade gestacional no parto; tipo de parto; taxa de colonização neonatal por EGB e resultado neonatal imediato. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de colonização materna por EGB foi de 27,6% (56 gestantes. As taxas de colonização segundo as complicações da gestação foram 30% para RPM, 25,2% para TPP e 17,8% para TPP + RPM. As variáveis "raça branca", "baixo nível de escolaridade" e "bacteriúria" foram associadas a maiores taxas de colonização na análise univariada. A presença de infecção urinária foi a única variável significativamente associada à colonização materna na análise multivariada. A taxa de detecção do estreptococo do grupo B foi significativamente maior com o uso do meio seletivo e com a associação de coleta de culturas anais e vaginais. A taxa de colonização neonatal foi de 3,1%. Ocorreram

Inflammatory and vascular placental lesions are associated with neonatal amplitude integrated EEG recording in early premature neonates.

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Dorit Paz-Levy

Full Text Available Placental histologic examination can assist in revealing the mechanism leading to preterm birth. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between intrauterine pathological processes, morbidity and mortality of premature infants, and their long term outcome. Neonatal brain activity is increasingly monitored in neonatal intensive care units by amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG and indices of background activity and sleep cycling patterns were correlated with long term outcome. We hypothesized an association between types of placental lesions and abnormal neonatal aEEG patterns.To determine the association between the placental lesions observed in extreme preterm deliveries, and their neonatal aEEG patterns and survival.This prospective cohort study included extreme premature infants, who were born ≤ 28 weeks of gestation, their placentas were available for histologic examination, and had a continues aEEG, soon after birthn = 34. Infants and maternal clinical data were collected. aEEG data was assessed for percentage of depressed daily activity in the first 3 days of life and for sleep cycling. Associations of placental histology with clinical findings and aEEG activity were explored using parametric and non-parametric statistics.Twenty two out of the 34 newborns survived to discharge. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM or chorioamnionitis were associated with placental lesions consistent with fetal amniotic fluid infection (AFI or maternal under perfusion (MUP (P < 0.05. Lesions consistent with fetal response to AFI were associated with absence of SWC pattern during the 1st day of life. Fetal-vascular-thrombo-occlusive lesions of inflammatory type were negatively associated with depressed cerebral activity during the 1st day of life, and with aEEG cycling during the 2nd day of life (P<0.05. Placental lesions associated with MUP were associated with depressed neonatal cerebral activity during the first 3 days of life (P = 0

Prevalence of neonatal septicaemia in the University of Port ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background : Septicaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Early detection of neonatal septicaemia is often hampered by its subtle and nonspecific symptoms and signs thus a high index of suspicion is needed. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neonatal sept ic a emia , ident i fy ...

The first occurrence of a CTX-M ESBL-producing Escherichia coli outbreak mediated by mother to neonate transmission in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Connor, Ciara

2017-01-05

Escherichia coli (E. coli) comprise part of the normal vaginal microflora. Transfer from mother to neonate can occur during delivery resulting, sometimes, in neonatal bacterial disease. Here, we aim to report the first outbreak of CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli with evidence of mother-to-neonate transmission in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) followed by patient-to-patient transmission.

Indicators of healthcare results: analysis of adverse events during hospital stays Indicadores de resultados para la asistencia: análisis de situaciones adversas durante la hospitalización Indicadores de resultados da assistência: análise dos eventos adversos durante a internação hospitalar

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Camila Cristina Pires Nascimento

2008-08-01

.Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, objetivou caracterizar eventos adversos (EA nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI, Semi-Intensiva (USI e de internação (UI quanto à natureza, tipo, dia da semana e relação funcionário/paciente no momento da ocorrência; identificar as intervenções dos enfermeiros após o evento e as taxas de EAs. Foi realizado em um hospital privado do município de São Paulo. Foi notificado o total de 229 EAs. Predominaram eventos relacionados à sonda nasogástrica (SNG (57,6%, seguidos por queda (16,6% e administração de medicamentos (14,8%. A relação funcionário/paciente, no momento do evento, era de 1:2 na UTI, 1:3 na USI e 1:4 na UI. Houve distribuição semelhante de ocorrências nos diferentes dias da semana. As intervenções de enfermagem foram recolocações da SNG (83,3 % e comunicação da ocorrência ao médico nos casos de erros de medicação (47,6% e queda (55,2%. A maior taxa de EAs foi relacionada à SNG.

Low Apgar scores at 5 minutes in a low risk population: maternal and obstetrical factors and postnatal outcome Baixos índices de Apgar no quinto minuto de vida em população de baixo risco: fatores maternos e obstétricos e resultados pós-natais

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Eugenia Maria Assunção Salustiano

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between Apgar scores of less than seven at five minutes (AS5min 7 at 5 minutes who were randomly selected by a computer program. The main outcomes were neonatal death, newborn respiratory distress, need for orotracheal intubation and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU, and hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy. RESULTS: After multiple regression analysis, repeated late decelerations on cardiotocography (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4-4.1 and prolonged second stage of labor (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.3 were associated with AS5min 0.05. CONCLUSION: Repeated late decelerations and prolonged second stage of labor in the low-risk population are predictors of AS5min OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre índice de Apgar menor que sete no 5º minuto, os fatores pré-natais e resultados pós-natais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo com 27.252 recém-nascidos em maternidade escola com população de baixo risco obstétrico, de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2010. Prontuários de todos os casos com índice de Apgar 7 no 5º minuto, escolhidos ao acaso, foram revisados. Os principais desfechos estudados foram: óbito neonatal, insuficiência respiratória neonatal, necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e de unidade terapia intensiva (UTI neonatal e encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica. RESULTADOS: Após análise de regressão múltipla, desacelerações tardias (DIP II (OR: 2,4; IC95%: 1,4-4,1 e período expulsivo prolongado (OR: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,3-8,3 se associaram com Apgar < 7 no 5º minuto; assim como com insuficiência respiratória ao nascimento (OR: 3,0; IC 95%: 1,3-6,9, intubação traqueal (OR: 2,5; IC 95%: 1,2-4,8, necessidade de UTI neonatal (OR: 9,5; IC 95%: 6,7-16,8 e encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (OR: 14,1; IC 95%: 3,6-54,7. Nenhuma outra variável prénatal se associou com Apgar < 7 no 5º minuto (p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: DIP II e período expulsivo prolongado estão associados com Apgar < 7 no 5º minuto em

Avaliação econômica em saúde: triagem neonatal da galactosemia Newborn screening for galactosemia: a health economics evaluation

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José Simon Camelo Junior

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho avalia a eficiência da adição do exame da galactosemia junto ao Teste do Pezinho. Baseado na incidência média estimada de galactosemia, de 1:19.984 recém-nascidos, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, este estudo desenvolve um modelo de análise de custo-benefício, utilizando a relação benefício/custo (B/C, a taxa de juros de 9,25% ao ano para descapitalização dos resultados obtidos. Também se realiza uma análise de sensibilidade, em função da variação da taxa de juros entre 0 e 20% e do intervalo de 95% de confiança da incidência da galactosemia (1:7.494 a 1:59.953 recém-nascidos. A economia obtida com a melhora da saúde das crianças doentes identificadas precocemente é superior aos custos (B/C = 1,33, caracterizando como eficiente a política de adição do exame neonatal para galactosemia no Teste do Pezinho. Quanto menor a taxa de juros vigente na economia, mais eficiente é a política de triagem neonatal, não considerados os custos sociais intangíveis evitados.This study assesses the efficiency of the galactosemia add-on test in neonatal screening performed on regular Guthrie card blood spots. Based on estimated average incidence of galactosemia (1:19,984 newborns in São Paulo State, Brazil, the study develops a cost-benefit analysis model, using a B/C ratio and a 9.25% annual interest rate in order to decapitalize the results. Sensitivity analysis is also performed, varying (as a function of the interest or discount rate from 0 and 20% and according to the 95% confidence interval (1:7,494-1:59,953 newborns. The results show that the savings obtained by improved health of galactosemic patients detected early by add-on neonatal screening is superior to the costs (B/C=1.33, characterizing galactosemia add-on testing in neonatal screening as an efficient policy. The lower the prevailing interest rate in the economy, the more efficient the neonatal screening policy.

Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

OpenAIRE

Mehmet Sah Ipek

2016-01-01

Aim: To determine the pattern of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Material and Method: Positive hemoculture of neonates diagnosed with nosocomial sepsis from March 2011 to March 2014 in the NICU of Diyarbakir Maternity and Children%u2019s Hospital, in the southeastern region of Anatolia, Turkey, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 148 pathogens were isolated in 142 neonates. The most common micr...

Photodegradation of riboflavin in neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sisson, T.R.

1987-01-01

The biologically most important flavins are riboflavin and its related nucleotides, all highly sensitive to light. It is because of its photoreactivity and its presence in almost all body fluids and tissues that riboflavin assumes importance in phototherapy of neonatal jaundice. The absorption maxima of both bilirubin and riboflavin in the body are nearly identical: 445-450 (447) nm. In consequence, blue visible light will cause photoisomerization of bilirubin accompanied by photodegradation of riboflavin. This results in diminished erythrocyte glutathione reductase, which indicates generalized tissue riboflavin deficiency and red cell lysis. Single- and double-strand breaks in intracellular DNA have occurred with phototherapy. This light exposure of neonates may result also in alterations of bilirubin-albumin binding in the presence of both riboflavin and theophylline (the latter frequently given to prevent neonatal apnea). Many newborns, especially if premature, have low stores of riboflavin at birth. The absorptive capacity of premature infants for enteral riboflavin is likewise reduced. Consequently, inherently low stores and low intake of riboflavin plus phototherapy for neonatal jaundice will cause a deficiency of riboflavin at a critical period for the newborn. Supplementation to those infants most likely to develop riboflavin deficiency is useful, but dosage, time, and mode of administration to infants undergoing phototherapy must be carefully adjusted to avoid unwanted side effects

An MR-compatible neonatal incubator.

Science.gov (United States)

Paley, M N J; Hart, A R; Lait, M; Griffiths, P D

2012-07-01

To develop a neonatal MR-compatible incubator for transporting babies between a neonatal intensive care unit and an MRI unit that is within the same hospital but geographically separate. The system was strapped to a standard MR-compatible patient trolley, which provides space for resuscitation outside the incubator. A constant-temperature exothermic heat pad was used to maintain temperature together with a logging fluoro-optic temperature monitor and alarm system. The system has been designed to accommodate standard knee-sized coils from the major MR manufacturers. The original incubator was constructed from carbon fibre, but this required modification to prevent radiofrequency shading artefacts due to the conducting properties of the carbon fibre. A high-tensile polyester material was used, which combined light weight with high impact strength. The system could be moved onto the patient bed with the coils and infant in place by one technologist. Studies in eight neonatal patients produced high quality 1.5 T MR images with low motion artefacts. The incubator should also be compatible with imaging in 3 T MR systems, although further work is required to establish this. Images were acquired using both rapid and high-resolution sequences, including three-dimensional volumes, proton spectra and diffusion weighting. The incubator provides a safe, quiet environment for neonates during transport and imaging, at low cost.

Design of a light stimulator for fetal and neonatal magnetoencephalography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, J D; Adams, A J; Murphy, P; Eswaran, H; Preissl, H

2009-01-01

The design, safety analysis and performance of a fetal visual stimulation system suitable for fetal and neonatal magnetoencephalography studies are presented. The issue of fetal, neonatal and maternal safety is considered and the maximum permissible exposure is computed for the maternal skin and the adult eye. The risk for neonatal eye exposure is examined. It is demonstrated that the fetus, neonate and mother are not at risk. (note)

Pequenos para idade gestacional: fator de risco para mortalidade neonatal

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Almeida Márcia Furquim de

1998-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar as variáveis contempladas na Declaração de Nascimento (DN como possíveis fatores de risco para nascimentos pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG e o retardo de crescimento intra-uterino como fator de risco para a mortalidade neonatal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: As variáveis existentes na DN foram obtidas diretamente de prontuários hospitalares. Os dados referem-se a uma coorte de nascimentos obtida por meio da vinculação das declarações de nascimento e óbito, correspondendo a 2.251 nascimentos vivos hospitalares, de mães residentes, ocorridos no Município de Santo André, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de l/1 a 30/6/1992, e aos óbitos neonatais verificados nessa coorte. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se a proporção de 4,3% de nascimentos PIG, significativamente maior entre os recém-nascidos de pré-termo e pós-termo, entre os nascimentos cujas mães tinham mais de 35 anos de idade e grau de instrução inferior ao primeiro grau completo. Os recém-nascidos PIG apresentam maior risco de morte neonatal que aqueles que não apresentavam sinais de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino. CONCLUSÕES: Em áreas com menor freqüência de baixo peso ao nascer, é importante investigar a presença de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino entre os nascimentos prematuros e não apenas nos nascimentos de termo. O registro da data da última menstruação (ou da idade gestacional em semanas não agregadas na DN facilitaria a detecção de PIGs na população de recém-nascidos.

Impacto orcamentario da utilizacao do Metodo Canguru no cuidado neonatal

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Aline Piovezan Entringer

2013-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO Estimar o impacto orçamentário da utilização do Método Canguru na rede municipal de saúde. MÉTODOS Um modelo de decisão analítico foi desenvolvido para simular os custos do Método Canguru e Unidade Intermediária Neonatal no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2011. A população de referência foi constituída pelos recém-nascidos estáveis clinicamente, que podem receber assistência nas duas modalidades de cuidado. O impacto orçamentário foi estimado para uma coorte hipotética de 1.000 recém-nascidos elegíveis em um ano. A proporção de recém-nascidos elegíveis que recebem assistência nas duas modalidades foi obtida por coleta de dados nas maternidades incluídas no estudo. As probabilidades dos eventos e o consumo de recursos de saúde, no período da assistência, foram incorporados ao modelo. Cenários foram desenvolvidos para refletir a adoção do método Canguru em maior ou menor escala. RESULTADOS A utilização do Método Canguru significou redução de gastos equivalente a 16% em um ano, se todos os recém-nascidos elegíveis fossem assistidos por esse método. CONCLUSÕES A opção Método Canguru é de menor custo comparado com a da Unidade Intermediária Neonatal. A análise de impacto orçamentário da utilização desse método no Sistema Único de Saúde indicou economia importante para o período de um ano.

Possible Prevention of Neonatal Death: A Regional Population-Based Study in Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Koshida, Shigeki; Yanagi, Takahide; Ono, Tetsuo; Tsuji, Shunichiro; Takahashi, Kentaro

2016-03-01

The neonatal mortality rate in Japan has currently been at the lowest level in the world. However, it is unclear whether there are still some potentially preventable neonatal deaths. We, therefore, aimed to examine the backgrounds of neonatal death and the possibilities of prevention in a region of Japan. This is a population-based study of neonatal death in Shiga Prefecture of Japan. The 103 neonatal deaths in our prefecture between 2007 and 2011 were included. After reviewing by a peer-review team, we classified the backgrounds of these neonatal deaths and analyzed end-of-life care approaches associated with prenatal diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the possibilities of preventable neonatal death, suggesting specific recommendations for its prevention. We analyzed 102 (99%) of the neonatal deaths. Congenital malformations and extreme prematurity were the first and the second most common causes of death, respectively. More than half of the congenital abnormalities (59%) including malformations and chromosome abnormality had been diagnosed before births. We had 22 neonates with non-intensive care including eighteen cases with congenital abnormality and four with extreme prematurity. Twenty three cases were judged to have had some possibility of prevention with one having had a strong possibility of prevention. Among specific recommendations of preventable neonatal death, more than half of them were for obstetricians. There is room to reduce neonatal deaths in Japan. Prevention of neonatal death requires grater prenatal care by obstetricians before birth rather than improved neonatal care by neonatologists after birth.

Computed radiography in neonatal intensive care

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Merlo, L.; Bighi, S.; Cervi, P.M.; Lupi, L.

1991-01-01

The Authors report their experience in the employment of a computerized digital radiographic system in Neonatal Intensive Care. The analog screen-film system is replaced by photosensitive imaging plates, scanned after X-ray exposure by a laser that releases the digital image, which can then be manipulated on computer work-stations. In a period of twelve months about 200 chest-abdomen X-ray examinations in Neonatal Intensive Care have been performed using this method with good technical and diagnostic results. The use of digital radiography in the neonatal area is of high interest: this system produces good quality images, there is a reduction in radiation dose and 'retakes', the system allows selective enhancement of different structures and their magnification. (orig.)

Plasma-mediated immune suppression : a neonatal perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Belderbos, Mirjam E.; Levy, Ofer; Meyaard, Linde; Bont, Louis

Plasma is a rich mixture of immune regulatory factors that shape immune cell function. This immunomodulatory role of plasma is especially important in neonates. To maintain in utero feto-maternal tolerance and to allow for microbial colonization after birth, the neonatal immune system is biased

Neonate with Mycoplasma hominis meningoencephalitis given moxifloxacin

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wildenbeest, Joanne G.; Said, Ines; Jaeger, Bregje; van Hest, Reinier M.; van de Beek, Diederik; Pajkrt, Dasja

2016-01-01

Mycoplasma hominis is a commensal organism in the genitourinary tract that can cause life-threatening CNS infections in neonates after intrauterine infection or through vertical transmission during birth. We present a case of an 11-day-old neonate presenting with fever and supporting laboratory

Teamwork in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Science.gov (United States)

Barbosa, Vanessa Maziero

2013-01-01

Medical and technological advances in neonatology have prompted the initiation and expansion of developmentally supportive services for newborns and have incorporated rehabilitation professionals into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) multidisciplinary team. Availability of therapists specialized in the care of neonates, the roles of…

Maternal Super Obesity and Neonatal Morbidity after Term Cesarean Delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

Smid, Marcela C; Vladutiu, Catherine J; Dotters-Katz, Sarah K; Manuck, Tracy A; Boggess, Kim A; Stamilio, David M

2016-10-01

Objective To estimate the association between maternal super obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 50 kg/m(2)) and neonatal morbidity among neonates born via cesarean delivery (CD). Methods Retrospective cohort of singleton neonates delivered via CD ≥ 37 weeks in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Cesarean Registry. Maternal BMI at delivery was stratified as 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m(2), 30 to 39.9 kg/m(2), 40 to 49.9 kg/m(2), and ≥ 50 kg/m(2). Primary outcomes included acute (5-minute Apgar score neonatal injury, and/or transient tachypnea of the newborn) and severe (grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, seizure, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration, ventilator support ≥ 2 days, sepsis and/or neonatal death) neonatal morbidity. Odds of neonatal morbidity were estimated for each BMI category adjusting for clinical and operative characteristics. Results Of 41,262 maternal-neonatal dyads, 36% of women were nonobese, 49% had BMI of 30 to 39.9 kg/m(2), 12% had BMI of 40 to 49.9 kg/m(2), and 3% were super obese. Compared with nonobese women, super obese women had twofold odds of acute (5 vs. 10%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59-2.73) and severe (3 vs. 6%; aOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.59-2.73) neonatal morbidity. Conclusion Among term infants delivered via CD, maternal super obesity is associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Vertical mother-neonate transfer of maternal gut bacteria via breastfeeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Jost, Ted; Lacroix, Christophe; Braegger, Christian P; Rochat, Florence; Chassard, Christophe

2014-09-01

Breast milk has recently been recognized as source of commensal and potential probiotic bacteria. The present study investigated whether viable strains of gut-associated obligate anaerobes are shared between the maternal and neonatal gut ecosystem via breastfeeding. Maternal faeces, breast milk and corresponding neonatal faeces collected from seven mothers-neonate pairs at three neonatal sampling points were analyzed by culture-independent (pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent methods (16S rRNA gene sequencing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA and repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction. Pyrosequencing allowed identifying gut-associated obligate anaerobic genera, like Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and members of the Clostridia (Blautia, Clostridium, Collinsella and Veillonella) shared between maternal faeces, breast milk and neonatal faeces. Using culture, a viable strain of Bifidobacterium breve was shown to be shared between all three ecosystems within one mother-neonate pair. Furthermore, pyrosequencing revealed that several butyrate-producing members of the Clostridia (Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia and Subdoligranulum) were shared between maternal faeces and breast milk. This study shows that (viable) obligate gut-associated anaerobes may be vertically transferred from mother to neonate via breastfeeding. Thus, our data support the recently suggested hypothesis of a novel way of mother-neonate communication, in which maternal gut bacteria reach breast milk via an entero-mammary pathway to influence neonatal gut colonization and maturation of the immune system. © 2013 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bilirubin-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Preterm Neonate.

Science.gov (United States)

Watchko, Jon F

2016-06-01

Bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity in preterm neonates remains a clinical concern. Multiple cellular and molecular cascades likely underlie bilirubin-induced neuronal injury, including plasma membrane perturbations, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cell cycle arrest. Preterm newborns are particularly vulnerable secondary to central nervous system immaturity and concurrent adverse clinical conditions that may potentiate bilirubin toxicity. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm neonates may be subtle and manifest primarily as recurrent symptomatic apneic events. Low-bilirubin kernicterus continues to be reported in preterm neonates, and although multifactorial in nature, is often associated with marked hypoalbuminemia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

... in a newborn who was exposed to addictive opiate drugs while in the mother’s womb. Causes Neonatal ... Increased muscle tone Irritability Poor feeding Rapid breathing Seizures Sleep problems Slow weight gain Stuffy nose, sneezing ...

Early onset neonatal sepsis in preterm premature rupture of membranes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashraf, M.N.

2015-01-01

To determine the frequency of early onset neonatal sepsis in newborn with various duration of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from November 2009 to November 2010. Material and Methods: Neonates of singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) with delivery between 30 and 36 weeks gestation were included in the study. The overall frequency of neonatal sepsis was calculated on clinical and serological basis. Comparison of the frequency of sepsis among groups with varying duration of rupture of membranes was done. Results: Out of 164 babies, 84 (51.2%) were female and 80 (48.8%) were male. Mean maternal age was 23 years (range: 18-36 years). Mean gestational age was 33 weeks (range: 30-36 weeks). Sepsis was suspected in 41(25%) babies on clinical grounds. C-reactive protein was raised in 36 (22%) neonates. There was statistically insignificant difference between clinical versus serological diagnosis (p=0.515). Frequency of neonatal sepsis was significantly higher in mothers with longer duration of rupture of membrane (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Frequency of neonatal sepsis was observed to be 22%. PPROM is an important risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis. (author)

The implementation of neonatal peritoneal dialysis in a clinical setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Unal, Sevim; Bilgin, Leyla; Gunduz, Mehmet; Uncu, Nermin; Azili, Mujdem Nur; Tiryaki, Tugrul

2012-10-01

To investigate etiology, outcome and complications related to neonatal peritoneal dialysis (PD). Neonates treated with PD in our neonatal intensive care unit during 2007-2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 4036 hospitalized neonates; 20 neonates (0.5%) who underwent 21 cycles of PD [7 preterm, 13 term; 13 female, 7 male] were included. The mean birth weight was 2930.2 ± 720.6 g (1120-4570), mean gestational age was 37.5 ± 3.5 weeks (27-41). The etiologic disorders included inborn errors of metabolism (propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, citrullinemia, glutaric aciduria type 2, maple syrup urine disease, 10), or acute renal failure secondary to perinatal asphyxia (4), sepsis (2), prematurity (2), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (1), kernicterus (1). The complications included peritonitis (2), early leakage (4), hemorrhage (1), catheter removal (3) and occlusion (2). The mortality rate was 50%. The gestational ages and birth weights of surviving neonates were higher (p neonates, chronic renal failure (1), severe (4) and moderate neuromotor impairment (2) developed within 4-43 months. PD, although invasive, is an effective therapy in neonates. The complexity and invasiveness of the procedure is probably responsible for high rate of complications and mortality. If appropriate catheter selection and technique in the placement should be done, PD might improve outcome.

Structural connectivity asymmetry in the neonatal brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ratnarajah, Nagulan; Rifkin-Graboi, Anne; Fortier, Marielle V; Chong, Yap Seng; Kwek, Kenneth; Saw, Seang-Mei; Godfrey, Keith M; Gluckman, Peter D; Meaney, Michael J; Qiu, Anqi

2013-07-15

Asymmetry of the neonatal brain is not yet understood at the level of structural connectivity. We utilized DTI deterministic tractography and structural network analysis based on graph theory to determine the pattern of structural connectivity asymmetry in 124 normal neonates. We tracted white matter axonal pathways characterizing interregional connections among brain regions and inferred asymmetry in left and right anatomical network properties. Our findings revealed that in neonates, small-world characteristics were exhibited, but did not differ between the two hemispheres, suggesting that neighboring brain regions connect tightly with each other, and that one region is only a few paths away from any other region within each hemisphere. Moreover, the neonatal brain showed greater structural efficiency in the left hemisphere than that in the right. In neonates, brain regions involved in motor, language, and memory functions play crucial roles in efficient communication in the left hemisphere, while brain regions involved in emotional processes play crucial roles in efficient communication in the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that even at birth, the topology of each cerebral hemisphere is organized in an efficient and compact manner that maps onto asymmetric functional specializations seen in adults, implying lateralized brain functions in infancy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reducing neonatal mortality in India: critical role of access to emergency obstetric care.

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Anu Rammohan

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality currently accounts for 41% of all global deaths among children below five years. Despite recording a 33% decline in neonatal deaths between 2000 and 2009, about 900,000 neonates died in India in 2009. The decline in neonatal mortality is slower than in the post-neonatal period, and neonatal mortality rates have increased as a proportion of under-five mortality rates. Neonatal mortality rates are higher among rural dwellers of India, who make up at least two-thirds of India's population. Identifying the factors influencing neonatal mortality will significantly improve child survival outcomes in India. METHODS: Our analysis is based on household data from the nationally representative 2008 Indian District Level Household Survey (DLHS-3. We use probit regression techniques to analyse the links between neonatal mortality at the household level and households' access to health facilities. The probability of the child dying in the first month of birth is our dependent variable. RESULTS: We found that 80% of neonatal deaths occurred within the first week of birth, and that the probability of neonatal mortality is significantly lower when the child's village is closer to the district hospital (DH, suggesting the critical importance of specialist hospital care in the prevention of newborn deaths. Neonatal deaths were lower in regions where emergency obstetric care was available at the District Hospitals. We also found that parental schooling and household wealth status improved neonatal survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing the main causes of neonatal deaths in India--preterm deliveries, asphyxia, and sepsis--requires adequacy of specialised workforce and facilities for delivery and neonatal intensive care and easy access by mothers and neonates. The slow decline in neonatal death rates reflects a limited attention to factors which contribute to neonatal deaths. The suboptimal quality and coverage of Emergency

Treating Hypotension in Preterm Neonates With Vasoactive Medications

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Chloe Joynt

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Preterm neonates often have hypotension which may be due to various etiologies. While it is controversial to define hypotension in preterm neonates, various vasoactive medications are commonly used to provide the cardiovascular support to improve the blood pressure, cardiac output, or to treat shock. However, the literature on the systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of these antihypotensive medications in neonates is deficient and incomplete, and cautious translation of findings from other clinical populations and animal studies is required. Based on a literature search on published reports, meta-analytic reviews, and selected abstracts, this review discusses the current available information on pharmacologic actions, clinical effects, and side effects of commonly used antihypotensive medications including dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and milrinone in preterm neonates.

Rings in the neonate.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Hackett, C B

2011-02-01

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an uncommon disease of the neonate. It is believed to be caused by the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies to the ribonucleoproteins (Ro\\/SSA, La\\/SSB or rarely U RNP) as these are almost invariably present in NLE sera. The most common clinical manifestations include cutaneous lupus lesions and congenital complete heart block. Hepatobiliary and haematologic abnormalities are reported less frequently. We describe a patient with cutaneous NLE to illustrate and raise awareness of the characteristic annular eruption of this condition. We also emphasize the need for thorough investigation for concomitant organ involvement and for maternal education regarding risk in future pregnancies.

Neonatal hemophilia: a rare presentation

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Nuno Ferreira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Hemophilia A is a X-linked hereditary condition that lead to decreased factor VIII activity, occurs mainly in males. Decreased factor VIII activity leads to increased risk of bleeding events. During neonatal period, diagnosis is made after post-partum bleeding complication or unexpected bleeding after medical procedures. Subgaleal hemorrhage during neonatal period is a rare, severe extracranial bleeding with high mortality and usually related to traumatic labor or coagulation disorders. Subgaleal hemorrhage complications result from massive bleeding. We present a neonate with unremarkable family history and uneventful pregnancy with a vaginal delivery with no instrumentation, presenting with severe subgaleal bleeding at 52 hours of life. Aggressive support measures were implemented and bleeding managed. The unexpected bleeding lead to a coagulation study and the diagnosis of severe hemophilia A. There were no known sequelae. This case shows a rare hemophilia presentation reflecting the importance of coagulation studies when faced with unexplained severe bleeding.

News or innovations in neonatal surgery

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Giorgia Totonelli

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Over the last decades, because of the development of several clinical and technological advances, there has been a revolution in the management of neonatal and pediatric patients. These progresses reported an improvement in the survival rate of extremely ill neonates, who now have the chance to survive into adulthood. The intent of this review is to highlight not only the advances obtained in the neonatal surgery, but also the results of a multidisciplinary work focused on the fetus, preterm and newborn baby with a surgical anomaly or disease.Attention is also paid to the recent tendency to share knowledge, protocols and database out of the single Institution or country and to follow these delicate and fragile neonatal patients to the adulthood, developing the transitional care. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Neonatology and Satellite Meetings · Cagliari (Italy · October 26th-31st, 2015 · From the womb to the adultGuest Editors: Vassilios Fanos (Cagliari, Italy, Michele Mussap (Genoa, Italy, Antonio Del Vecchio (Bari, Italy, Bo Sun (Shanghai, China, Dorret I. Boomsma (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Gavino Faa (Cagliari, Italy, Antonio Giordano (Philadelphia, USA

Cause of neonatal deaths in Northern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

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Hayelom Gebrekirstos Mengesha

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Despite the significant reduction in childhood mortality, neonatal mortality has shown little or no concomitant decline worldwide. The dilemma arises in that the lack of documentation of cause of death in developing countries, where registration of vital events is virtually nonexistent. Understanding of the causes of death in neonates is important to guide public health interventions. The present study identifies the common causes of neonatal death in Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among neonates born between April 2014 and July 2014 in seven hospitals, in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Mothers were interviewed by midwifes respecting risk factors and infant survival. For neonates who died in hospital, causes of death were extracted from medical records, whereas a verbal autopsy method provided presumptive assignment of cause of death for those infants who died at home. Results Of the1152 live births, there were 68 deaths (63 per 1000 live births. Two thirds of deaths were attributable to prematurity 23 (34% or asphyxia 21 (31%. Slight variance was seen between the morality patterns in early and late neonatal periods. In the early neonatal period, 37% were due to prematurity, while asphyxia (35% was more common in the late neonatal period. All infection-related deaths occurred in neonate-mother dyads from rural areas. Conclusion Prematurity, asphyxia, and infections were the leading causes of neonatal deaths in Tigray region during the study period. Causes of deaths identified during early and late neonatal mortality differed, which clearly indicates the need for responsive and evidence-based interventions and policies.

Low birth weights and risk of neonatal mortality in Indonesia

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Suparmi Suparmi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Latar Belakang: Angka kematian neonatal di Indonesia mengalami stagnansi sejak sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dalam rangka mengakselerasi penurunan angka kematian neonatal di Indonesia, intervensi spesifik diperlukan pada faktor utama penyebab kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi berat badan lahir rendah terhadap kematian neonatal di Indonesia. Metode: Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 digunakan untuk analisis. Sejumlah 18021 kelahiran hidup dalam periode lima tahun terakhir telah dilaporkan oleh responden. Terdapat 14837 anak memiliki informasi lengkap untuk analisis. Adjusted relative risk dengan analisis survival digunakan untuk mengukur hubungan antara variable dengan kematian neonatal. Hasil: Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah memiliki risiko 9.89 kali lebih tinggi untuk kematian neonatal bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dengan berat badan normal [adjusted relative risk (aRR = 9.89; 95% confidence interval (CI: 7.41 – 13.19; P = < 0.0001]. Anak yang lahir dari ibu berumur muda (15 - 19 tahun memiliki risiko 94% lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dari ibu dengan umur antara 20-35 years. Anak dari ibu yang bekerja 81% memiliki risiko kematian neonatal lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dari ibu tidak bekerja. Kesimpulan: Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah dan lahir dari ibu muda memiliki risiko kematian neonatal lebih tinggi. Bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah membutuhkan perawatan yang tepat untuk memperpanjang ketahanan hidup anak. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2:113-117 Kata kunci: Berat badan lahir rendah, kematian neonatal, Indonesia Abstract Background: Neonatal mortality rates in Indonesia remain steady in the past decades (20 in 2002 to 19 per 1000 live births in 2012. In order to accelerate the decline in neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia, specific interventions would have to target key factors causing

Effect of antenatal tocolysis on neonatal outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Klauser, Chad K; Briery, Christian M; Keiser, Sharon D; Martin, Rick W; Kosek, Mary A; Morrison, John C

2012-12-01

Detail adverse neonatal effects in pregnancies treated with indomethacin (I), magnesium sulfate (M) or nifedipine (N). Women in acute preterm labor with cervical dilatation 1-6 cm were randomized to receive one of three first-line tocolytic drugs. There were 317 neonates (I = 103, M = 95, N = 119) whose mothers were treated with tocolytic therapy. There was no difference in gestational age at randomization (average 28.6 weeks' gestation) or at delivery (31.6 weeks' gestation, p = 0.551), birth weight (p = 0.871) or ventilator days (p = 0.089) between the three groups. Neonatal morbidity was not different between the three groups; respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.086), patent ductus arteriosus (p = 0.592), sepsis (p = 0.590), necrotizing enterocolitis (p = 0.770), intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.669) and periventricular leukomalacia (p = 0.124). There were no statistically significant differences between the three tocolytics as far as composite neonatal morbidity or mortality was concerned.

Mortalidade neonatal em Taubaté: um estudo caso-controle Neonatal mortality in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil: a case-control study

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Ruth Sampaio Paulucci

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar e quantificar os fatores de risco para óbito neonatal em Taubaté, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo caso-controle com dados de nascidos vivos e de óbitos neonatais de Taubaté, em 2003, obtidos da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo. Os casos (óbitos neonatais e os controles (recém-nascidos nos mesmos dias daqueles que faleceram foram reunidos num banco por meio da técnica de linkage. As variáveis independentes foram: variáveis sociodemográficas e assistenciais (idade e escolaridade maternas, paridade, consultas no pré-natal, tipo de parto e relato de natimorto e variáveis biológicas (peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, escore de Apgar, presença de defeito congênito e sexo. Utilizou-se a regressão logística para identificar e quantificar os efeitos destas variáveis em relação ao óbito neonatal pelo programa SPSS 10.0. Foram introduzidas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram pOBJECTIVE: To identify and to estimate the risk factors associated to neonatal mortality in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled live births in the city of Taubaté during 2003. Live birth data and death records were obtained from São Paulo Health Department. Neonatal deaths were cases and babies born alive in the same day of cases were the controls. A single data file was created by linkage approach. Dependent variable was neonatal death. Independent variables were those related to socio-demographic characteristics and prenatal care (maternal age, years in school, parity, previous stillbirths, prenatal care, as well as the biological ones (birthweight, gender, gestational age, congenital defects and Apgar score. Logistic regression was used to identify and to estimate the risk factors associated to neonatal death. The variables with p<0.20 were introduced in the model and maintained if p<0.05, by SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: 392newborns with 34 neonatal deaths were studied. There were 198

[Epidemiological characteristics of neonatal mortality in Peru, 2011-2012].

Science.gov (United States)

Ávila, Jeannette; Tavera, Mario; Carrasco, Marco

2015-01-01

Describe the epidemiological characteristics of neonatal deaths in Peru. Descriptive study based on notifications to the Perinatal and Neonatal National Epidemiological Surveillance Subsystem (PNNESS) made in 2011-2012. The capture-recapture method was used to calculate the registration of the notification and estimate the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) nationally and by regions. Responses were made to the questions: where, when, who and why the newborns died. 6,748 neonatal deaths were reported to PNNESS, underreport 52.9%. A national NMR of 12.8 deaths/1,000 live births was estimated. 16% of deaths occurred at home and 74.2% of these were in the highlands region, predominantly in rural areas and poor districts. 30% died in the first 24 hours and 42% between 1 and 7 days of life. 60.6% were preterm infants and 39.4% were term infants. 37% had normal weight, 29.4% low weight, and 33.6% very low weight. Preventable neonatal mortality was 33%, being higher in urban and highland areas. 25.1% died of causes related with prematurity-immaturity; 23.5% by infections; 14.1% by asphyxiation and causes related to care during childbirth and 11% by lethal congenital malformation. Neonatal mortality in Peru is differentiated by setting; harms related to prematurity-immaturity dominated on the coast, while the highlands and jungle recorded more preventable neonatal mortality with a predominance of asphyxia and infections.

Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care: Prevalence, Prevention and Antibiotic use

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van den Hoogen, A.

2009-01-01

Neonatal infections are an important cause of morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Prematurity or very low birth weight is an important predisposing factor for neonatal infection. In addition, preterm infants have a compromized immune system and they often require invasive procedures

Two cases of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting with persistent jaundice.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruffini, E; De Petris, L; Zorzi, G; Paoletti, P; Mambelli, G; Carlucci, A

2013-01-01

The adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively rare event in newborns but must be considered in the presence of a persistent unexplained jaundice, especially in presence of predisposing factors. Serial ultrasonography is the modality of choice for initial diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. We report two cases of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting with persistent jaundice. The causes of the neonatal adrenal hemorrhages were a difficult vaginal delivery in macrosomic infant and a neonatal infection.

Factors infleuncing neonatal septicaemia in Maiduguri, north ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

BACKGROUND: Neonatal septicaemia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in the tropics. The risk factors vary, and the clinical features of neonatal septicaemia may be vague and nonspecific, therefore a high index of suspicion is vital to early diagnosis and treatment. The aetiological agents ...

Análise clínica e epidemiológica das internações hospitalares de idosos decorrentes de intoxicações e efeitos adversos de medicamentos, Brasil, de 2004 a 2008 Clinical and epidemiological analysis of hospitalizations of elderly due to poisoning and adverse effects of medications, Brazil from 2004 to 2008

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Tatiana Cruz de Paula

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Os idosos são mais suscetíveis aos efeitos adversos dos medicamentos devido a uma diversidade de fatores, tais como o uso excessivo e concomitante de diversos fármacos, erros de administração, alterações fisiológicas no organismo que alteram a farmacodinâmica e a farmacocinética. Com o objetivo de determinar as principais classes terapêuticas envolvidas nas internações hospitalares de idosos decorrentes de intoxicação e efeito adverso de medicamentos, bem como os principais agravos relacionados a esses eventos, foram analisadas 9.793 internações hospitalares de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais, registradas no Brasil pelo Sistema de Internações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH-SUS, no período de 2004 a 2008. Medicamentos não especificados, antibióticos sistêmicos, psicotrópicos, psicoativos, antiepilépticos, sedativos, hipnóticos e antiparkinsonianos, responderam por 57% do total de internações analisadas. Traumatismos e quedas foram os principais agravos relacionados a intoxicação e efeito adverso de medicamentos. As internações por traumatismo apresentaram relação com analgésicos, antitérmicos e antirreumáticos não opiáceos. Já as quedas estavam associadas aos antibióticos sistêmicos, contrariando os estudos que apontam os psicotrópicos como os principais medicamentos envolvidos nesses eventos. Os resultados encontrados refletem a tendência crescente dos problemas associados ao uso de medicamentos por idosos. Verificou-se que o perfil de consumo não é suficiente para explicar as concentrações de casos nas principais classes terapêuticas. Na busca pelas causas, sugere-se a adoção de programas mais efetivos de farmacovigilância, capazes de monitorar as diferentes etapas do processo de uso de medicamentos: prescrição, dispensação, comercialização, administração e adesão ao tratamento.The elderly are more susceptible to adverse drugs effects due to a variety of factors, such as excessive and

Modelos de gestión de resultados: un estudio transnacional

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Nuria Reguera Alvarado

2015-01-01

Así pues, a partir de los modelos desarrollados en la literatura para cuantificar la discrecionalidad contable, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si alguno de estos modelos ofrece mejores resultados en cuanto a la cuantificación de la gestión del resultado a partir de las pruebas de especificación y potencia. Para ello se ha utilizado una muestra de 33.410 observaciones correspondientes a empresas no financieras de Estados Unidos, Canadá, Reino Unido, Corea, Japón, Italia, Alemania, Francia, España, Canadá y Australia que han cotizado en mercados de valores a lo largo del periodo 2005-2009. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la superioridad del modelo de Jones ajustado al ROA con respecto al modelo de Jones y al modelo de Jones modificado.

Hematopoietic growth factors in neonatal medicine: the use of enterally administered hematopoietic growth factors in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Science.gov (United States)