WorldWideScience

Sample records for resistencia al quail

  1. Resistencia al esfuerzo cortante en rellenos sanitarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eimar Andrés Sandoval-Vallejo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Los rellenos sanitarios son obras ingenieriles conformadas con un material específico, cuyas propiedades de resistencia al cor te pueden determinarse de manera similar a la de un material geotécnico. Este artículo presenta resultado s de un programa experimental r ealizado con el fin de obtener los paráme tros de resistencia al corte de l relleno sanitario Presidente en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia . El programa experimental involucró ensayos d e corte directo no consolidado no drenado (UU sobre muestras reconstituidas en laboratorio. L a variación del ángulo de fricción interna y de la cohesión, como una funci ón del peso específico, profundidad, y tiempo de descomposición del relleno fue evaluada. También se compararon los resu ltados con valores internacionales usados para diseñ o. Los resultados mostraron un a marcada influencia del tiempo de descom posición en la resistencia al co rte. También se encontró ciert a dependencia con la profundidad. Los parámetros de resistencia obtenidos se encuentran dentro de ran gos internacionales recomendados para diseño.

  2. Identificación y mapeo de AFLPs ligados al gen de resistencia al PVX en Solanum commersonii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Blanco

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Solanum commersonii es una especie silvestre de papa considerada como una fuente de genes de resistencia al PVX. Para identificar marcadores moleculares relacionados con los genes de resistencia a este virus, se realizó un análisis en el que se combinó la técnica de BSA con el uso de AFLPs. Del cruce de 2 padres heterocigotos y resistentes al PVX, provenientes de una F1, se obtuvo una F2. La población fue inoculada con el PVXMS y 30 días después mediante un ELISA, la progenie fue dividida en individuos infectados y no infectados con el PVXMS; a estos 2 grupos se les realizó un BSA. El ADN de los individuos resistentes fue mezclado aparte del ADN de los individuos susceptibles y con la ayuda de AFLPs se logró identificar 22 combinaciones de imprimadores que produjeron bandas específicas relacionadas con el carácter de resistencia al PVX. Las combinaciones de imprimadores seleccionadas fueron utilizadas para evaluar cada uno de los individuos de la F2 en forma independiente. Producto de este análisis se obtuvo 63 bandas polimórficas relacionadas al carácter de resistencia, cuya información fue introducida en el programa MAPRF6. Como resultado se obtuvo 4 grupos de ligamiento. Se encontró un RGA, obtenido en otro estudio que co-segrega (0 cM con el locus del gen de resistencia extrema (Rx y los AFLPs 42 y 39 que están rodeando el mismo locus a 22,6 cM o más. La información obtenida será básica para implementar programas de selección asistida por marcadores moleculares en el mejoramiento genético.

  3. EFECTO DEL PRECALENTAMIENTO Y LA SEVERIDAD DE TEMPLE SOBRE LA RESISTENCIA AL DESGASTE ADHESIVO DEL ACERO AUSTENÍTICO AL MANGANESO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    OSCAR FABIÁN HIGUERA COBOS

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo de investigación se estudió el efecto del precalentamiento y la severidad de temple sobre la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo del acero austenítico al manganeso ASTM A 128 grado C. El material se sometió a ciclos térmicos de temple y revenido con y sin precalentamiento con el fin de evaluar su influencia sobre la resistencia al desgaste. Posteriormente el material fue sometido a prueba según norma ASTM G83 y se determinó que el acero Austenítico al manganeso, es un material que presenta una microestructura metaestable en condiciones estables y no debe ser sometido a tratamiento térmico de revenido a altas temperaturas debido que favorece la descomposición de esta a ferrita (fase blanda de los acero y por ende disminuye su resistencia al desgaste.

  4. RESISTENCIA AL CORTE EN DISCONTINUIDADES CON DIFERENTES GRADOS DE RUGOSIDAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Fernando Camacho Tauta

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se realizaron ensayos triaxiales sobre rocas artifi ciales elaboradascon un mortero (arena, cemento y agua de diferente resistencia. Se incluyeron cilindros sin y con una discontinuidad orientada a 60° con respecto al eje horizontal y tres diferentes grados de rugosidad, (pulida plana, pulida ondulada y ondulada. Se determinaron los parámetros de resistencia de las probetas de mortero y se analizó la infl uencia de los diferentes grados de rugosidad utilizando el criterio de Barton, obteniendo el coefi ciente de rugosidad de la discontinuidad.

  5. Influencia de la hipnosis en la resistencia al esfuerzo en ciclistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Fernández García

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de aplicar hipnosis para resistir esfuerzos máximos durante el mayor tiempo posible. Participaron en la investigación 24 deportistas juveniles y aficionados practicantes de ciclismo, con una edad media de 17,75 años (Sd 0,97, peso medio de 68 Kg (Sd 3,98, talla media de 178 cm (Sd 15,02 y un promedio de 5,75 años compitiendo (Sd 0,48. Estos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos denominados: hipnosis y control. La intervención con hipnosis consistió en la utilización de una breve técnica de relajación, fase de inducción hipnótica, fase de profundización, introducción de sugestión posthipnótica y fase de salida del estado hipnótico. Los resultados indicaron una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05 en la variable resistencia al esfuerzo, analizada mediante 2 (16,78 y lambda (0.90, respecto al tipo de tratamiento. La resistencia al esfuerzo mejoraba a medida que se incrementaba el número de sesiones de intervención. Podemos concluir que la intervención con hipnosis ayudó a los deportistas a resistir durante más tiempo situaciones de máximo esfuerzo.

  6. Búsqueda de genes de resistencia al pasador del fruto en poblaciones segregantes de tomate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Milena Rodríguez Mora

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Las estrategias de mejoramiento genético para encontrar resistencia al pasador del fruto, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, en tomate, Solanum lycopersicum L. se han basado en métodos tradicionales de introgresión genética por medio de retrocruzamiento. Sin embargo este proceso es largo y dispendioso. Debido a esta problemática, se utilizó la técnica molecular cDNA-AFLP para identificar genes involucrados en la resistencia a esta plaga en poblaciones segregantes de tomate, con el fin de identificar marcadores moleculares que puedan ser utilizados en futuros programas de fitomejoramiento. Los materiales de tomate evaluados fueron Unapal-Maravilla (susceptible, S. habrochaites var. glabratum, accesión PI 134418 (resistente y tres retrocruzamientos obtenidos del cruzamiento interespecífico entre ambas especies. De estos materiales vegetales se extrajo el RNA total y se sintetizó el cDNA, el cual se utilizó como material de inicio de la técnica cDNA-AFLP. A partir del preamplificado de cDNA se evaluaron diferentes combinaciones de primers: +1+1, +3+3 y sus derivados. La combinación que presentó mejores amplificados fue la +1+1, para un total de 37 bandas polimórficas. De estas bandas, 9 fragmentos tipo EST (Expressed Sequence Target fueron recuperados, siendo candidatos a explicar la resistencia al pasador del fruto en tomate.

  7. Propiedades mecánicas bajo compresión y resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de piezas gruesas de caucho acrilonitrilo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Milena Velásquez-Restrepo

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la variación de las propiedades mecánicas bajo compresión uniaxial y el desgaste abrasivo en la sección transversal de piezas gruesas de caucho acrilonitrilo (NBR reforzadas con negro de humo, teniendo en consideración que en este tipo de piezas las propiedades obtenidas durante la vulcanización no son homogéneas, debido a la baja difusividad térmica de los cauchos. Se realizaron ensayos de desgaste abrasivo en seco, buscando identificar la relación entre la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo y las propiedades mecánicas en compresión, como el módulo elástico y la dureza. Se evaluaron muestras en estado de entrega tras el proceso de vulcanización, luego expuestas al ambiente durante tres meses y, posteriormente, envejecidas en una cámara UV. El envejecimiento ambiental rigidiza los materiales estudiados, pero disminuye la resistencia al desgaste del material proveniente del núcleo de las piezas. El envejecimiento UV disminuyó el módulo elástico, pero su efecto sobre la resistencia al desgaste depende del estado de envejecimiento previo. La dureza no presentó una relación directa ni con el módulo elástico ni con la resistencia al desgaste, por lo cual no puede usarse como propiedad para la selección de cauchos NBR sometidos a desgaste abrasivo. La información obtenida permite generar criterios para el diseño de componentes basados en este tipo de cauchos.

  8. Herencia de la resistencia al virus del mosaico deformante del pimentón PepDMV en Capsicum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Augusto García Dávila

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available En busca de determinar el modo de herencia de la resistencia en tres materiales resistentes, se hicieron cruzamientos hacia tres líneas susceptibles. Se siguió el método del retrocruzamiento propuesto por Warner (1952 fundamentado en el modelo matemático de Fisher Immer y Tedin (1932 descrito con detalle por Mater (1949 y Jenkins (1982, 1984 en el cual se descompone la varianza genética en tres componentes: aditiva, dominancia y epistática. El modelo del retrocruzamiento incluye los dos parentales, el hibrido de la primera generación y la autofecunfación de la F1 para formar la población F2 y las retrocruzas hacia ambos padres. Las poblaciones fueron evaluadas a resistencia al virus del mosaico del pimentón PepDMV en condiciones de invernadero. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo aditivodominancia explicó la resistencia en los híbridos formados entre materiales resistentes y susceptibles. Los genes con acción heredable transmiten a la descendencia el efecto de resistencia. La ganancia de la resistencia viral se da por la presencia de parentales resistentes.

  9. Búsqueda de genes de resistencia al pasador del fruto en poblaciones segregantes de tomate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López-López Karina

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available

    Las estrategias de mejoramiento genético para encontrar resistencia al pasador del fruto, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, en tomate, Solanum lycopersicum L. se han basado en métodos tradicionales de introgresión genética por medio de retrocruzamiento. Sin embargo este proceso es largo y dispendioso. Debido a esta problemática, se utilizó la técnica molecular cDNA-AFLP para identificar genes involucrados en la resistencia a esta plaga en poblaciones segregantes de tomate, con el fin de identificar marcadores moleculares que puedan ser utilizados en futuros programas de fitomejoramiento. Los materiales de tomate evaluados fueron Unapal-Maravilla (susceptible, S. habrochaites var. glabratum, accesión PI 134418 (resistente y tres retrocruzamientos obtenidos del cruzamiento interespecífico entre ambas especies. De estos materiales vegetales se extrajo el RNA total y se sintetizó el cDNA, el cual se utilizó como material de inicio de la técnica cDNA-AFLP. A partir del preamplificado de cDNA se evaluaron diferentes combinaciones de primers: +1+1, +3+3 y sus derivados. La combinación que presentó mejores amplificados fue la +1+1, para un total de 37 bandas polimórficas. De estas bandas, 9 fragmentos tipo EST (Expressed Sequence Target fueron recuperados, siendo candidatos a explicar la resistencia al pasador del fruto en tomate.

  10. Una Mirada Probabilística al Concreto de Alta Resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zaira A. Cerón S.

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta el análisis probabilístico realizado a dos diseños de mezcla para concreto de alta resistencia como primer paso para obtener un modelo estadístico que logre expresar los resultados de una forma más útil y permita determinar la resistencia y la calidad potencial del concreto. El análisis de resultados del ensayo de resistencia a compresión del concreto se llevó a cabo mediante el uso de un software estadístico llamado SPSS, que a partir de las diferentes variables estadísticas permitió indagar si la distribución de frecuencias, correspondía a la distribución normal que sigue el concreto convencional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la distribución o la tendencia de resistencia de cada uno de los diseños. El análisis cuantitativo evidencia que la variación de resistencia del concreto refleja con rigor la importancia que tiene conocer las propiedades de la mezcla de concreto y el proceso en los métodos de ensayo.

  11. INFLUENCIA DE LOS RECUBRIMIENTOS DÚPLEX SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS Y RESISTENCIA AL DESGASTE DEL ACERO AISI 4140 BONIFICADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Bolívar Osorio

    Full Text Available El acero AISI 4140 es un acero de baja aleación al cromo/molibdeno de elevada resistencia mecánica y buena tenacidad, el cual se utiliza para la fabricación de piezas de maquinaria como piñones, cigüeñales, ejes de levas, etc. Sin embargo, su resistencia al desgaste es bastante limitada y suele ser mejorada mediante el tratamiento superficial de la nitruración. El propósito de este trabajo consistió en mejorar las propiedades mecánicas e incrementar la resistencia al desgaste del acero 4140 mediante la aplicación de un tratamiento superficial DUPLEX consistente en la nitruración líquida (conocida como Teniffer seguido del depósito de un recubrimiento duro de nitruro de titanio (TiN. La microestructura cristalina fue evaluada mediante difracción de rayos X, la morfología y la composición química fue determinada por microscopía SEM y espectroscopía de energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDS, las propiedades tribológicas fueron analizadas mediante mediciones en un tribómetro de tipo esfera sobre disco y la microdureza se determinó por el método Vickers. Las muestras tratadas con el recubrimiento dúplex mostraron una resistencia al desgaste 4 veces mayor que la muestra en estado bonificado, lo cual demuestra la aplicación potencial que tiene el acero 4140 sometido a este tratamiento dúplex.

  12. Una Mirada Probabilística al Concreto de Alta Resistencia

    OpenAIRE

    Zaira A. Cerón S.; Juan Ruge; Álvaro Rodríguez

    2015-01-01

    Este artículo presenta el análisis probabilístico realizado a dos diseños de mezcla para concreto de alta resistencia como primer paso para obtener un modelo estadístico que logre expresar los resultados de una forma más útil y permita determinar la resistencia y la calidad potencial del concreto. El análisis de resultados del ensayo de resistencia a compresión del concreto se llevó a cabo mediante el uso de un software estadístico llamado SPSS, que a partir de las diferentes variables estadí...

  13. Análisis de segregantes agrupados (BSA para la detección de AFLPs ligados al gen de resistencia a PVX en Solanum commersonii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Blanco

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Para identificar polimorfismos asociados al gen de resistencia al PVX en la papa silvestre Solanum commersonii, se realizó un análisis de segregantes agrupados (BSA asistido con AFLPs. Estos polimorfismos están basados en la localización de un locus relacionado con la resistencia al virus X de la papa (PVX. Inicialmente, mediante un análisis de ELISA, los individuos de una progenie F2 previamente inoculados con el PVX, fueron ubicados en 2 grupos, uno con los individuos resistentes y otro con los susceptibles. Posteriormente, para el BSA el ADN de todos los individuos resistentes fue mezclado, lo mismo el ADN de todos los individuos susceptibles. Ambos grupos de ADN fueron analizados independientemente, utilizando 64 diferentes combinaciones de AFLPs. El análisis de los geles resultó en la identificación de 22 combinaciones diferentes de AFLPs que generaron bandas relacionadas exclusivamente con el carácter de resistencia al PVX.

  14. Resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos Bi/NbC producidos con el sistema sputtering con magnetrón desbalanceado

    OpenAIRE

    Ardila Rodríguez, Laura Angélica

    2013-01-01

    En este trabajo se produjeron películas nano estructuradas de NbC, Bi y bicapas Bi/NbC sobre acero M2 y 316L mediante la técnica Sputtering con magnetrón desbalanceado, y se evaluó su resistencia frente al desgaste por medio del ensayo pin on disc, la adherencia con una prueba de rayado y la resistencia a la corrosión de las películas depositadas sobre los sustratos 316L mediante técnicas electroquímicas. La microestructura de los recubrimientos se analizó mediante Difracción de rayos X, M...

  15. Modelación de la resistencia al movimiento de la banda de un transportador en los tramos curvos del perfil y la traza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yoni Sierra-González

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia al movimiento de la banda en los tramos curvos del perfil y la traza no se considera con precisión al diseñar transportadores de banda. En este trabajo se induce un modelo teórico fundamentado matemáticamente para el cálculo de la resistencia al movimiento en los tramos curvos en el plano vertical, que disminuye la fricción y la componente de la fuerza normal a la banda en los puntos de contactos con los rodillos de apoyo que componen los tramos curvos. Se utilizaron métodos matemáticos precisos de interpolación adaptados para trazar curvas con una exigua energía potencial, sin puntos angulosos y obtener de forma determinística valores mínimos de resistencia al movimiento. Se obtiene un modelo para la determinación de las tensiones radiales y el ángulo de inclinación transversal de los apoyos de rodillos en los tramos curvos en el plano horizontal, en función de la productividad y de las propiedades de la mena laterítica mullida y homogeneizada que se transporta.

  16. Poder y resistencia en Michel Foucault

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reinaldo Giraldo Díaz

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan los conceptos de poder y resistencia en las obras del período genealógico de Michel Foucault, es decir, después de El orden del discurso, texto programático y hasta el primer volumen de Historia de la Sexualidad. La voluntad de saber. El artículo realiza sobre todo una elaboración de las concepciones de Foucault sobre el poder y la resistencia en las sociedades disciplinarias y en las sociedades de control. Contrario a lo que sostienen los críticos de Foucault, en este artículo se considera que la resistencia no es negativa, ni reactiva. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que para el pensador francés la resistencia es creativa, productiva y anterior al poder.

  17. RESISTENCIA AL IMPACTO DE LA MADERA DE DIEZ ENCINOS (Quercus MEXICANOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Dávalos-Sotelo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan los valores de resistencia al impacto o tenacidad de la madera de diez especies de encinos mexicanos de los estados de Jalisco, México, Puebla y Veracruz ensayados en condición verde con una máquina tipo FPL. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en los valores entre los individuos de la misma especie que crecen en diferentes estados, por lo que puede establecerse un valor común. Existe un efecto directamente proporcional de la densidad básica sobre la tenacidad, el cual se acentúa al incluir los valores del espesor de la pared celular como una variable independiente adicional en los análisis de regresión múltiple. Finalmente, en este trabajo se incluyen los valores de las características anatómicas, físicas y mecánicas de la madera de Quercus crassipes.

  18. Estudio de los factores de resistencia al cambio y actitud hacia el uso educativo de las TIC por parte del personal docente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aizar Mejía Jálabe

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Mediante un estudio de tipo descriptivo se pretendió conocer la relación existente entre la actitud y la resistencia al cambio presentada por los docentes con el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación dentro de los procesos de innovación educativa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 179 docentes (116 docentes tiempo completo, 20 docentes medio tiempo y 43 docentes hora cátedra en el Instituto Universitario de la Paz en Barrancabermeja, Colombia. Los resultados reflejan cómo las variables actitud y resistencia al cambio por parte de los docentes influyen de forma directa en el desarrollo de las TIC´s. Finalmente, se discuten algunas recomendaciones basadas en los resultados.

  19. Resistencia al cizallamiento de amalgama adherida utilizando dos sistemas adhesivos en dientes temporales in vitro

    OpenAIRE

    Chiappe González, Alezandra; Céspedes Porras, Jacqueline

    2006-01-01

    Objetivo general: determinar in Vitro la resistencia al cizallamiento de dos sistemas adhesivos en restauraciones de amalgama adherida en dientes temporales. Material y Método: se evaluó dos sistemas adhesivos de diferente tipo de curado: Un sistema adhesivo de curado dual (Clearfil Liner Bond 2v) y otro de autocurado (Multilink). Treinta molares libres de caries fueron divididas en dos grupos de 15 cada uno. Se incluyeron las piezas en cilindros de resina acrílica, se desgastó ca...

  20. Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales en la lucha contra las resistencias bacterianas

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Malo, Sara; Jose Rabanaque, Mara; Bjerrum, Lars

    2016-01-01

    Introducción: El aumento de la resistencia a antibióticosrepresenta una amenaza para la salud pública al poner en riesgoel tratamiento futuro de las infecciones bacterianas. Este estudiotiene como objetivo describir el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones del Advisory Group on Integrated Surveilla......Introducción: El aumento de la resistencia a antibióticosrepresenta una amenaza para la salud pública al poner en riesgoel tratamiento futuro de las infecciones bacterianas. Este estudiotiene como objetivo describir el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones del Advisory Group on Integrated...... Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en España y Dinamarca, en cuanto al uso ambulatoriode Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA), así como analizarla relación entre éste y las resistencias bacterianas a ellos. Material y métodos: Los sistemas...... resistencias bacterianas, que son másmoderadas en Dinamarca. Introduction: Increasing antibiotic resistance represents a major public health threat that jeopardises the future treatment of bacterial infections. This study aims to describe the adherence to recommendations proposed by the World Health...

  1. Resistencia a heladas en plantas frutales

    OpenAIRE

    J. E. Chaar

    2013-01-01

    El daño por congelación en los tejidos vegetales es considerado un estrés abiótico principal en los cultivos frutales. Sin embargo, las plantas han desarrollado mecanismos de resistencia al frío. Para una especie y órgano en particular, dicha resistencia es variable a lo largo del año, en función (principalmente) de la temperatura ambiental. Las temperaturas bajas, sin llegar a ser de congelación, también afectan las etapas reproductivas mediante la disminución de la actividad de los agentes ...

  2. Resistencia al cambio organizacionalen una pequeña y mediana empresa (PyMEdel sector industrial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soraya Zuinaga de Mazzei

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es presentar los aspectos más destacados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo general identificar las variables que inciden en la resistencia al cambio organizacional en pequeña y mediana empresa (PyME, dedicada a la producción de materiales de seguridad e higiene industrial ubicada en el estado Miranda. Se parte de diferentes teorías para su sustentación,como las planteadas por Lewin (1951, Shein (1985, Prochaska y Di Clemente (1992 entre otros; el enfoque del estudio fue positivista con estudio de la realidad objetiva, de naturaleza no experimental descriptiva. La población estuvo integrada por 80 empleados de la empresa Seguntex C.A y la muestra fue de 40 empleados escogidos por género, edad, escolaridad y nivel jerárquico. La técnica de recolección de la información fue el cuestionario estructurado en Escala de Likertbajo 15 items y se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para analizar el resultado de los datos. Se concluye que la falta de canales de comunicación entre la gerencia y los empleados es lo que produce mayor resistencia al cambio frente a las transformaciones que Seguntex C.A comenzó a experimentar desde el 2012 y que afecto de manera negativa el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores en la empresa.

  3. Relación microestructura resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos duros ricos en cromo y tungsteno aplicados por soldadura electrica (SMAW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisys Margarita León Sevilla

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Se comparó la microestructura y resistencia a la abrasión de recubrimientos duros depositados por soldadura sobre placas de acero estructural ASTM A36. Se utilizaron cinco electrodos comerciales, dos de bajo cromo, dos de alto cromo aplicados en una y dos capas y uno rico en tungsteno depositado en una capa La resistencia al desgaste fue evaluada en una máquina de rueda de caucho y arena seca construida según la norma ASTM G65-80. Como material abrasivo se utilizaron partículas de sílice con índice de finura AFS 50- 70. La caracterización de las microestructuras se realizó utilizando microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Los resultados mostraron que el parámetro de resistencia a la abrasión no está directamente relacionado con dureza del material pero sí con el tipo, tamaño, forma, composición química y distribución de los carburos presentes en la matriz del recubrimiento. La mejor resistencia a la abrasión se obtuvo en depósitos con microestructura compuesta por carburos primarios (del tipo M7C3 en recubrimientos ricos en Cr o del tipo MC, M6C en recubrimientos ricos en W en una matriz eutéctica.

  4. Relación entre motivación y resistencia al cambio en personas que trabajan en una empresa del sector público, en Bogotá (Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica García Rubiano

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se planteó como objetivo general encontrar la relación entre la motivación y la resistencia al cambio de los empleados que trabajan en una organización del sector público de Bogotá. El estudio presentó aportes a la psicología organizacional en relación con estas dos variables, específicamente con las variables supervisión, participación, afiliación, reconocimiento, comunicación, trabajo en equipo, contenido del trabajo, liderazgo, condiciones motivacionales internas, cultura de cambio, nivel individual y grupal, aceptación de la autoridad, medios preferidos, dedicación de la tarea, resistencia pasiva, expectación, entre otras. Se logró confirmar el campo de acción para el psicólogo al comprobar que es de vital importancia el control de las condiciones de trabajo -con respecto a la motivación y los factores que generan la resistencia al cambio- para el óptimo desempeño de las funciones laborales, y se amplía así la perspectiva de la psicología organizacional, ya que es el psicólogo un potencial generador de cambio.

  5. Resistencia al cambio organizacional en una pequeña y mediana empresa (PyME del sector industrial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soraya Zuinaga de Mazzei

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es presentar los aspectos más destacados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo general identificar las variables que inciden en la resistencia al cambio organizacional en pequeña y mediana empresa (PyME, dedicada a la producción de materiales de seguridad e higiene industrial ubicada en el estado Miranda. Se parte de diferentes teorías para su sustentación, como las planteadas por Lewin (1951, Shein (1985, Prochaska y Di Clemente (1992 entre otros; el enfoque del estudio fue positivista con estudio de la realidad objetiva, de naturaleza no experimental descriptiva. La población estuvo integrada por 80 empleados de la empresa Seguntex C.A y la muestra fue de 40 empleados escogidos por género, edad, escolaridad y nivel jerárquico. La técnica de recolección de la información fue el cuestionario estructurado en Escala de Likert bajo 15 items y se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para analizar el resultado de los datos. Se concluye que la falta de canales de comunicación entre la gerencia y los empleados es lo que produce mayor resistencia al cambio frente a las transformaciones que Seguntex C.A comenzó a experimentar desde el 2012 y que afecto de manera negativa el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores en la empresa.

  6. Hormigones de alta resistencia con nano-adiciones y fibras de acero

    OpenAIRE

    Alizo Mirabal, Manuel Arturo

    2015-01-01

    El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster consistió en determinar la influencia que pueden poseer las nano-adiciones de Sílice y Alúmina y fibras de acero en un Hormigón de Alta Resistencia. Partiendo de una dosificación de Hormigón de Alta Resistencia conocida, que contenía humo de Sílice (10%) y fibras de poliolefina (3kg/m3), se les procedió a sustituir por la incorporación de nano-adiciones de Sílice y Alúmina (7% y 3% respectivamente) y añadiendo fibras de acero en lugar de poliolefina. En el pr...

  7. Resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos de bronce al aluminio producidos con técnica de proyección térmica//Wear resistance of aluminum bronze coatings produced by thermal spray

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dayan Carolina Cárdenas-Feria

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de recubrimientos de bronce al aluminio depositados con la técnica de proyección térmica por llama sobre bronce fosforado SAE 62. Los recubrimientos fueron fabricados variando las presiones parciales de los gases de combustión, oxígeno y acetileno. El material utilizado fue caracterizado estructuralmente mediante difracción de rayosX (X-ray diffraction, XRD y el estudio morfológico mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (Scanning electron microscopy, SEM. La resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de los recubrimientos se determinó por medio del ensayo de bola sobre disco, utilizando como bola una esférica de acero 100Cr6. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que los recubrimientos proyectados con una presión de oxigeno de 78 psi y una presión de acetileno de 8 psi presentan la mejor resistencia al desgaste en comparación a los tratamientos producidos. El modo de falla de desgaste en los recubrimientos producidos es discutido en esta investigación.Palabras clave: desgaste abrasivo y adhesivo,  proyección térmica,  recubrimientos.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractWe studied the adhesive wear resistance of aluminum bronze coatings deposited by thermal spray on phosphor bronze SAE 62 substrates. The coatings were deposited by varying the partial pressures of the combustion gases: oxygen and acetylene. The structural characterization was made through X-ray diffraction (XRD and the morphological analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. The adhesive wear resistance of the coatings was determined by the bole on disc test using a spherical ball made of steel 100Cr6 and with a diameter of 6 mm. The results obtained show that the coating projected with an oxygen pressure of 78 psi and an acetylene pressure of 8 psi have the better wear resistance compared with the substrate and the others treatments deposited

  8. ORGANIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE LA RESISTENCIA CONTRA LA GLOBALIZACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Domínguez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Parâmetros y dinâmicas de la resistencia al neoliberalismo global. Se examina la estructura del capitalismo mundial y sus tendencias dominantes, para poder asi analisar aspectos centrales de la rivalidad entre la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos, y discutir los pre-requisitos para Ia manutención de la hegemonia mundial por parte de éstos últimos. Esta contextualización es necesaria para poder entender la resistencia generalizada a la globalización en el mundo entero.

  9. Subjetividades juveniles: esbozos de resistencia ante la sociedad disciplinaria y la sociedad de control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Roatta Acevedo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar una reflexión sobre las expresiones de resistencia que se manifiestan mediante una serie de prácticas estéticas y narrativas de un grupo de jóvenespertenecientes al colegio INEM Francisco de Paula Santander, de la localidad Kennedy, que se hacen llamar MAFRA (Movimiento Antifascista Radical Anarco - colectivista. Para ello, se apoya en conceptos como Micropolítica, Biopolítica, Resistencia y Multitud desarrollados por autores como Foucault, Negri, Hardt, Deleuze y Guattari, entre otros. Finalmente, se pregunta por los límites de estas prácticas de resistencia a partir de la figura «la máquina que muta», poniendo como ejemplo el Festival de Rock al Parque.

  10. DETERMINACIÓN DE LA RESISTENCIA A LA PENETRACIÓN, AL CORTE TANGENCIAL, DENSIDAD APARENTE Y TEMPERATURA EN UN SUELO CAFETALERO, JUAN VIÑAS, COSTA RICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Henríquez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En un suelo cultivado con café en Juan Viñas, Costa Rica, se determinó la resistencia a la penetración (con 2 tipos de penetrómetros y al corte tangencial, densidad aparente, humedad gravimétrica y temperatura en la superficie y a 15 cm de profundidad; se eligieron y georeferenciaron 3 puntos dentro de un lote de 0,35 ha en un Dystrudept ubicado en Juan Viñas, Costa Rica. Los valores de resistencia a la penetración en la superficie fueron 1,60 y 0,30 MPa con el tipo de penetrómetro "Chatillón" y "Soil-Test" respectivamente, en tanto que los obtenidos a 15 cm fueron de 0,73 y 0,15 MPa en el mismo orden; asimismo, el contenido de humedad gravimétrica fue de 30,37 y 42,08%, respectivamente. A pesar de que también se encontraron mayores valores en la superficie que a los 15 cm, tanto para la resistencia al corte tangencial (0,028 y 0,025 Mpa como para la densidad aparente(0,98 y 0,93 Mg.m-3 respectivamente, estas diferencias no fueron significativas. Los valores de resistencia a la penetración de ambos tipos de penetrómetros correlacionaron positivamente entre sí (0,65**. La densidad aparente y la resistencia a la penetración medidas con el aparato "Chatillón" guardaron una correlación positiva (0,41+, lo cual concuerda con el hecho de que ambas variables son utilizadas para diagnosticar problemas de compactación. Se encontró además una correlación negativa entre la resistencia a la penetración y el contenido de humedad (-0,68** y una correlación positiva entre esta última variable y la temperatura (0,41+. Con base en los resultados de este estudio, se logró constatar que la superficie del suelo del lote evaluado presentó una mayor compactación que a la profundidad de 15 cm, lo cual se puede relacionar con 2 aspectos: el tránsito humano intenso sobre la plantación, producto de las prácticas agrícolas realizadas en el cultivo, y en cierta forma el menor valor de humedad presentado.

  11. Effects of Divergent Selection Body Weight and the Quail Laying Eggs on some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Japanese Quail Eggs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    mousareza baghani

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Introduction Breeding quail and quail egg industrial production because of the high nutritional value of these products has been developing these years. Considering the high demand and economical production, further development in the future is predicted. In order to design and effective utilization of the equipment for transportation, separation, packaging and storage, the physical and mechanical properties of quail eggs are needed. It is of great importance to study the factors which are influencing these properties. Strength of the shell is an important factor in determination of quail egg quality. Quail egg shell strength depends on several variables including specific gravity, egg weight and volume, shell thickness, weight and percentage of shell, hardness, breaking force, breaking energy, egg surface, farming conditions, type and species of birds, nutrition and geometric characteristics of eggs. Materials and Methods In this paper, initially in three phases, at 15 weeks, 19 weeks and 23 weeks, shell strength changes and physical properties of quail eggs on 90 quails during their first period of laying eggs were studied. Measured properties were included dimensions, weight, volume, specific gravity, shell thickness, weight and percentage of shell, breaking force, breaking energy, egg surface and some other properties. In the second part the effects of divergent selection for the bird’s body weight at four weeks of age on the quail eggs of fifth generation were studied. Measured properties were included dimensions, weight, volume, breaking force, breaking energy and some factors for direct and indirect measurement of strength of quail eggs. For direct measurement of the strength of eggshell of quail, two methods were employed: The first method was quasi-static compression test between two parallel plates of the universal testing machine and the second method was measuring specific gravity. In the first method, eggs were compressed between

  12. Quail and other short-lived birds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ottinger, M A

    2001-04-01

    Japanese quail are small galliforms that are migratory and generally live 2 to 3years in the wild. Although there is evidence for other environmental cues, they primarily respond to long daylength for regulation of reproduction. In contrast to the Common Tern, a long-lived sea bird that shows little evidence of reproductive aging, Japanese quail follow a well-defined process of aging with evidence of declining function in reproductive, metabolic, and sensory systems. Our studies focus on neuroendocrine changes associated with reproductive aging in the Japanese quail, with emphasis on the male in order to study both endocrine and behavioral components of reproduction and the process of reproductive aging.

  13. Desarrollo y optimización de recubrimientos de superaleaciones con adición de cargas cerámicas y elementos reactivos obtenidos por proyección térmica para aplicaciones de resistencia a oxidación a alta temperatura y al desgaste

    OpenAIRE

    Cervera González, Iván

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es la obtención de recubrimientos con una composición optimizada para aplicaciones de elevada resistencia a alta temperatura y al desgaste, proyectados térmicamente sobre acero al carbono AISI 1110, mediante la técnica de oxifuel, basados en el sistema NiCrAlY/Al2O3. Estos recubrimientos deben ser capaces de proteger adecuadamente a un material de escasa resistencia mecánica y térmica para el rango de temperaturas analizado, que se sitúa entre 850 – ...

  14. Resistencia al choque térmico de Y-TZP con fisuras Palmqvist

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fargas Ribas, G.

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available The thermal shock response of two tetragonal zirconia polycrystals stabilised with 2.5% molar yttria, with two different levels of fracture toughness, has been investigated. Palmqvist cracks are generated by indentation and the crack extension is quantified by assuming that the residual thermal stresses responsible for its extension during thermal shock are smaller than those acting on the crack immediately after indentation. It is proposed to use a thermal shock resistance parameter that only depends on the crack extension induced by thermal stresses generated during the abrupt changes in temperature. The results are applied to the study of thermal shock resistance and they are compared with experimental results.

    Se analiza el comportamiento frente al choque térmico de policristales de circona tetragonal dopados con 2.5% molar de itria (Y-TZP, con dos niveles distintos de tenacidad y con fisuras de indentación del tipo Palmqvist. El proceso de extensión de la fisura se cuantifica suponiendo que las tensiones residuales responsables de su propagación estable durante el choque térmico son inferiores a las presentes en el material inmediatamente después de aplicar la indentación. Se propone la utilización de un parámetro de resistencia al choque térmico que solamente depende de la extensión de las fisuras por efecto de las tensiones térmicas generadas durante el cambio brusco de temperatura. Los resultados del análisis se aplican al estudio del choque térmico y se comparan con los resultados experimentales.

  15. Spontaneous, Experimentally Induced, and Transmissible AA Amyloidosis in Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nakayama, Yumi; Kamiie, Junichi; Watanabe, Gen; Suzuki, Kazuhiko; Murakami, Tomoaki

    2017-11-01

    The authors describe a spontaneous case of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in an adult female Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica). The bird developed AA amyloidosis secondary to chronic peritonitis caused by a Gram-negative bacillus infection. Mild amyloid deposition was also identified in the intestinal tract of apparently healthy adult individuals, suggesting that quail may develop intestinal amyloidosis with age. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that quail can develop AA amyloidosis following inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, adult quail were repeatedly injected with LPS and the development of AA amyloidosis was confirmed. The amyloid deposition in this model increased when quail amyloid was intravenously injected as an amyloid-enhancing factor. The experiments were repeated with young quail, but amyloid deposits were not observed following LPS injections. However, AA amyloidosis did develop when quail amyloid was injected in addition to LPS. These results indicated that adult quail develop AA amyloidosis after inflammatory stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, quail AA amyloidosis was shown to have transmissibility regardless of age. Interestingly, the authors found that administration of chicken amyloid fibrils also induced AA amyloidosis in young quail. This is the first report of cross-species transmission of avian AA amyloidosis.

  16. Japanese quail performance under different stocking densities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fahmy, M.O.; EL-Faramawy, A.A.

    2004-01-01

    This experiment was conducted with Japanese quails at the poultry production farm (Poultry Research Unite, Nuclear Research Center, AEA, Inshas, Egypt) to determine the effects of stocking density on the growth, carcass composition, feed conversion, feed efficiency, corticosterone level, immune response and profit potential. A total of 924 Japanese quail chicks were brooded at 2 weeks of age in batteries at 44, 88 and 176 birds / m2 each of 3 replicates. Chicks brooded at 44 and 88 bird / m2 were grew significantly (P<0.05) during the experimental period more than those brooded at 176 bird/m2. Increasing birds density was associated with significant (P<0.05) increase in serum corticosterone level, carcass protein percent, live body weight per m2 and monetary returns. Carcass fat percent and immune response were reduced sharply with increasing quail stocking density. On the other hand, feed conversion was reduced, while feed efficiency was improved (P<0.05) by increasing quail stocking density

  17. Genetic variation and bottleneck in Japanese quail (Coturnix ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    2011-05-16

    May 16, 2011 ... The genetic structure of four strains of Japanese quail (Pharach, Panda, Tuxedo and Golden) was ... valuable laboratory species because of its small body ..... quail and cross-species amplification in chicken and guinea fowl.

  18. Clones de Hevea brasiliensis de alta productividad caracterizados por resistencia a Microcyclus ulei en jardin clonal en el magdalena medio colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yeirme Yaneth Jaimes Suarez

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de introducir en la región del magdalena medio de Colombia nuevos clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss. Müll. Arg. de alta productividad y con resistencia al Mal de las Hojas, se evaluaron materiales un jardín clonal establecido en Cimitarra, Colombia en la región del magdalena medio. Se evaluó la incidencia y la severidad del ataque de Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn. von Arx. según Garcia et al. (1. Se encontró resistencia completa al mal de las hojas para los clones CDC 312, FDR 4575, FDR 5597, FDR 5788 y MDF 180 y resistencia parcial para los clones FX 3864 y CDC 32. Los clones RRIM 901, PB 235 y PB 260 se mostraron como susceptibles. De acuerdo con los resultados, los clones con resistencia total y parcial se podrán recomendar para zonas preferenciales con restricción para el cultivo, una vez este comportamiento se corroboré en campo clonal. En cuanto a los clones susceptibles se pueden recomendar para zonas de escape al mal de las hojas en el Magdalena Medio Colombiano.

  19. Profile Triglycerides Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica After Giving Turmeric (Curcuma longa Powder

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sukarman Hadi jaya Putra

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to determine the triglyceride profile of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica after being given the parameters of turmeric (Curcuma longa powder; feed intake, profiles of liver triglycerides, profiles of serum triglycerides and profiles of meat triglycerides. This study uses an experimental method with A Completely Randomized Design Pattern. Test animals used were 45 female Japanese quails were divided into 3 groups, namely; P0: quail were not given turmeric powder, P1: quail were given turmeric powder a dose of 54 mg/quail/day, P3: quail were given turmeric powder a dose of 108 mg/quail/day. Each group with 5 replications. Each repeat consists of 3 Japanese quails. Provision of treatment every day for 30 days starting from the age of 14 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA followed by Duncan's test with 95% confidence interval (α = 0.05 level. Analysis of the data used is software Minitab software 16. Results showed that the levels of turmeric powder are given in Japanese quail significant (P˂0.05 on liver triglyceride levels, serum and Japanese quail meat but had no significant effect (P˃0.05 on consumption feed. The results showed that the optimal dose of turmeric powder to lower triglyceride levels of Japanese quail is 108 mg/quail/day as evidenced by the highest decrease in liver triglyceride profiles, profiles of serum triglycerides and triglyceride profiles of Japanese quail meat compared with other treatments.

  20. Mutaciones que seleccionan para resistencia a antirretrovirales y presencia de resistencia en subtipos del VIH-1 diferentes a subtipo B en pacientes con infección crónica sin tratamiento previo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henry Balaguera

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available

    El desarrollo de la terapia antirretroviral altamente efectiva, la cual inhibe las enzimas virales reversa transcriptasa y proteasa ha transformado dramáticamente la historia natural de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo – 1 (VIH –1 produciendo como resultado una disminución tanto de la morbilidad como de la mortalidad asociada con esta infección (1. La falla para suprimir completamente la replicación viral podría permitir el desarrollo de cambios genotípicos en el VIH-1, los cuales se asocian con la aparicion de la resistencia a cada uno de las tres principales clases de antirretrovirales disponibles (2.

    La prevalencia de resistencia genotípica primaria del VIH-1 subtipo B contra al menos un compuesto antirretroviral es común, entre el 12 % y el 25 % en Estados Unidos (3 y se considera es mayor en pacientes recientemente infectados que en pacientes infectados crónicamente (infección mayor de 6 meses. Sin embargo, existe muy poca información acerca de la prevalencia de resistencia primaria en pacientes con VIH crónicamente infectados y quienes no han estado expuestos a previo tratamiento antirretroviral. Esta resistencia la cual está mediada por mutaciones en el gen de la polimerasa viral (pol, causa disminución de la susceptibilidad de los medicamentos antirretrovirales in vitro y está asociada con falla terapéutica. Una cohorte de pacientes adultos que reciben cuidado médico en un hospital en Boston, fue tamizada para detectar mutaciones en el genoma del VIH-1 y determinar el subtipo de virus circulante de pacientes que nunca habían recibido tratamiento con antirretrovirales (4. Mutaciones asociadas con resistencia a antirretrovirales fue identificada en 18% de 88 pacientes.

    Resistencia

  1. Resistencia de levaduras del género Candida al fluconazol

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Quintero, Carlos Hernando

    2010-01-01

    Las infecciones por levaduras del género Candida sp. son cada vez más prevalentes en pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente en grupos de mayor riesgo como pueden ser pacientes con neoplasia hematológica bajo tratamiento de quimioterapia y en cuidados intensivos. La resistencia de Candida sp. representa un reto terapéutico que deja un menor número de posibilidades para el tratamiento de estas infecciones que se caracterizan, a su vez, por una alta morbimortalidad. Esta revisión describe los m...

  2. Resistencia a heladas en plantas frutales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. E. Chaar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El daño por congelación en los tejidos vegetales es considerado un estrés abiótico principal en los cultivos frutales. Sin embargo, las plantas han desarrollado mecanismos de resistencia al frío. Para una especie y órgano en particular, dicha resistencia es variable a lo largo del año, en función (principalmente de la temperatura ambiental. Las temperaturas bajas, sin llegar a ser de congelación, también afectan las etapas reproductivas mediante la disminución de la actividad de los agentes polinizadores y la alteración del proceso de fecundación. Las reservas nutricionales influyen en la resistencia a heladas mediante la degradación del almidón en compuestos osmóticamente activos, que aumentan la capacidad de sobreenfriamiento del tejido vegetal. La elección del sitio de cultivo, los cultivares más resistentes a heladas y la implementación de prácticas de manejo, permitirían la disminución en la aplicación del control activo contra heladas, volviendo eficiente el uso de los recursos y disminuyendo el daño ambiental. La existencia de modelos predictivos permite adelantarse a los posibles efectos perjudiciales del calentamiento global y, por lo tanto, seleccionar con anticipación los materiales vegetales adecuados para el nuevo escenario.

  3. Factors influencing methionine toxicity in young bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1981-01-01

    Young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were fed low and adequate protein purified diets with and without excess methionine to evaluate factors affecting methionine toxicity. Growth of quail fed an adequate protein (27%) diet, without supplemental glycine, was depressed by 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine. Supplemental glycine (.3%) alleviated growth depression caused by 2.25% excess methionine. Quail fed 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine developed signs of toxicity characterized by weakness, a lowered, outstretched neck when moving, and ataxia. In addition, quail would fall on their sides when disturbed and spin with their heads retracted. These conditions were transient in nature. Growth of quail fed a low protein (18.9%) diet was depressed by 1% and 1.5% excess methionine and DL-homocystine. Quail fed 1% and 1.5% excess methionine in this diet also developed signs of toxicity, the incidence of which was greater and the duration longer than occurred with quail fed adequate protein. Supplementing a low protein (20.15%) diet with .3% or .6% glycine or threonine or a combination of these amino acids did not alleviate growth depression caused by 1.5% excess methionine; however, 2% and 3% supplemental glycine were somewhat effective. Supplements of glycine (2%, 3%) and threonine (1%) completely reversed growth depression from 1% excess methionine but did not influence growth of controls, indicating that both amino acids counteract methionine toxicity. Both glycine and threonine alone improved growth by about the same extent in diets with 1% or 1.5% excess methionine; however, these amino acids alleviated less than 30% of the growth depression resulting from 1.5% excess methionine. The effectiveness of glycine in alleviating methionine toxicity in a low protein diet was decreased, and hemoglobin levels were depressed with 1.5% excess methionine compared to less amounts.

  4. Aplicación de la resistencia de ruido al estudio de pinturas ricas en zinc

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Espada Recarey, Luis

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Electrochemical Noise has been one of the more useful analysis methods to the study the corrosion processes due to the fact that it is simple and cheap. The objective of this work is to check the efficiency of this technique when it is applied to the study of Rich Zinc Paints and specifically the Noise Resistance parameter which is very efficiency to study metal-electrolyte systems. Then this technique was applied to Rich Zinc Paints systems of which we have already information by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The outcomes of this paper show the efficiency of applying Noise Resistance technique to explain the behavior of this kind of systems. REVISION 34 Obtención de la tenacidad de fractura dinámica de iniciación de materiales elásticos y lineales Determination of dynamic fracture initiation toughness of linear elastic materials

    La medida e interpretación del ruido electroquímico, REQ se está consolidando como uno de los métodos de análisis más utilizados para la interpretación del fenómeno de la corrosión, por su sencillez y bajo coste frente a otros tipos de metodologías del estudio. El objeto de este trabajo es comprobar la eficacia de la técnica de ruido electroquímico aplicada al estudio de las pinturas ricas en zinc, concretamente, en lo relativo al parámetro "resistencia de ruido" que tan eficaz se ha mostrado en el estudio de sistemas metal desnudoelectrolito. Para ello, se aplicó esta técnica de análisis a muestras de pinturas ricas en zinc, de las que ya se poseía información sobre su comportamiento, a través de la aplicación a las mismas muestras de la impedancia electroquímica, EIE. Los resultados de este articulo muestran la eficacia de la aplicación de la resistencia de ruido, a la hora de explicar el comportamiento de este tipo de sistemas.

  5. Genética de la resistencia de la papa (Solanum tuberosum a patógenos. Estado de arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mosquera Teresa

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Este artículo presenta una revisión de la resistencia en papa a patógenos, en cuanto a genes mapeados y clonados, y loci de rasgos cuantitativos (QTL mapeados, en la que se resaltan las relaciones entre resistencia cuantitativa y cualitativa en el caso P. infestans. El conocimiento logrado ha permitido generar un mapa funcional sobre el cual se localizan QTL para resistencia a patógenos. Se han mapeado 20 genes R de resistencia a virus, hongos, nematodos y oomicetos, utilizando marcadores moleculares. La mayoría de estos genes R fueron introducidos de especies silvestres. Catorce de ellos se encuentran en hot spots para resistencia y confieren resistencia a varios patógenos. A la fecha se han identificado cinco clusters de resistencia. La resistencia monogénica envuelve dos procesos básicos: percepción del ataque del patógeno, seguida de una respuesta para limitar la enfermedad. La percepción implica receptores específicos para cepas patogénicas, que son decodificadas por genes de resistencia. En una planta se encuentra un gran repertorio de genes de resistencia R, ubicados en diferentes sitios del genoma. Estos genes expresan diferentes proteínas que pueden ser agrupadas en varias familias. La mayoría de proteínas R contienen repeticiones en grupos, ricas en leucina (LRR. Se plantea la colocalización de genes R y QTL en diferentes cromosomas. Una hipótesis señala que los QTL son variantes alélicas con efecto menos extremo que los genes R y una segunda hipótesis plantea que los QTL de resistencia mapean en regiones del genoma que contienen genes de función conocida involucrados en la respuesta general al ataque de patógenos.

  6. Friabilidad del suelo: métodos de estimación con énfasis en la determinación cuantitativa de la resistencia al rompimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgar Alvaro Avila Pedraza

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Entender el comportamiento de la friabilidad permite la toma de decisiones apropiadas para la reducción del consumo de energía, el manejo y la conservación de la calidad física del suelo. Este artículo sintetiza los métodos utilizados actualmente para la determinación de la friabilidad del suelo, con énfasis en el método de resistencia al rompimiento -RR-. La friabilidad puede ser determinada a partir de métodos cualitativos, semicuantitativos y cuantitativos. El análisis cualitativo se basa en el examen visual de la estructura y consistencia del suelo, mientras que el análisis semi-cuantitativo se centra en la cuantificación de la distribución de agregados o fragmentos producto del sometimiento del suelo a impacto por caída. Los métodos cuantitativos permiten determinar la friabilidad de forma directa mediante la resistencia del suelo, o de forma indirecta, por inferencia a partir del comportamiento de otras propiedades del suelo: curva de retención de agua, porosidad y funciones de pedotransferencia. El método cuantitativo de RR se realiza mediante la compresión de agregados naturales o remoldeados de suelo hasta lograr su fractura, y es uno de los más aceptados. Los métodos cualitativos se realizan directamente en campo, de manera fácil y rápida pero su resultado es menos confiable. Los métodos semicuantitativos, rompimiento del suelo por caída, pueden realizarse en campo o laboratorio pero no ofrecen información precisa sobre la resistencia del suelo. Los métodos cuantitativos, implican el transporte de las muestras al laboratorio, mayor tiempo de ejecución y equipos y personal especializado, pero sus resultados son más confiables y reproducibles.

  7. Genotipicación de la resistencia natural del ganado blanco orejinegro “BON” a la Salmonella dublin SL 2260

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Eliécer Ossa Londoño

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los factores que controla la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares como Salmonella y Brucella, es el producto del gen Nramp (proteína del macrófago asociada a resistencia natural; esta proteína, en la fase temprana de la infección, controla la capacidad de replicación de estas bacterias en los macrófagos. Recientemente se identificó asociación entre un alelo de 175 pb de un microsatélite (STR, ligado a Nramp, con la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares en bovinos; adicionalmente, se han identificado otros tres alelos (177, 179 y 181 pb asociados con susceptibilidad. En la especie bovina, la Salmonella Dublín sirve como modelo para estudiar la resistencia natural a otras bacterias intracelulares como la Brucella abortus, ya que se ha demostrado que macrófagos derivados de bovinos resistentes controlan eficientemente el crecimiento de ambas bacterias. En Colombia, se ha propuesto que el ganado criollo “BON” presenta una marcada resistencia a enfermedades infecciosas, entre ellas la brucellosis. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el genotipo y el fenotipo de la resistencia del ganado BON a la Salmonella Dublín SL 2260, para contribuir a la caracterización inmunogenética de la resistencia natural de este ganado a las infecciones microbianas. En este trabajo sé han analizado 80 bovinos de la raza “BON”, 18 holstein y 4 cebú: se extrajo ADN a partir de sangre periférica, se amplificó el STR ligado al Nramp, a través de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR; el producto fue sometido a un análisis de polimorfismos conformacionales de cadena sencilla (SSCP, utilizando un gel de polyacrilamida al 6% en condiciones no reductoras. De acuerdo a la movilidad electroforética de los amplicones, y comparándola con un patrón ya definido de resistencia, se han tipificado los diferentes animales. De los 80 animales “BON”, 79 (98.75% fueron homocigóticos para el alelo de

  8. Detection of Genetic Relationship in the Tree of Life of Some Quail Through Molecular Markers Analyses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Quail is an important and interesting group of galliform birds. The Common quail (Coturnix coturnix; the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica; the Panda quail (Coturnix japonica; the Dotted white quail (Coturnix japonica and the Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus were used in this study. PCR-RFLP and SDS-proteins were performed to reveal the genetic characterization and genetic relationship of the studied quails. Analysis of fragments generated by digestion of PCR product with restriction enzyme NlaIII recorded highly polymorphic restriction profiles. There is a wide intraspecific COI, SEMA3E and TLX genes variability among the studied quails. Protein bands varied from10 to 18 between quails with minimum number of bands were in the Dotted white quail (10 bands and the maximum were in the Japanese quail (18 bands as measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Dotted white quail revealed the lowest similarity to the Bobwhite with a coefficient of 0.18 while The similarity coefficients between the Common quail and each one of the other quails were 0.67, 0.62, 0.45 and 0.42 for the Japanese, Panda, Dotted white and the Bobwhite quails, respectively. The results indicate that, PCR-RFLP and protein analyses are good techniques to evaluate genetic characterization and genetic relationship of these quails.

  9. Efectos de un entrenamiento concurrente de fuerza y resistencia sobre carreras de media distancia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel García-Manso

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento concurrente (fuerza y resistencia sobre las carreras de media distancia en sujetos jóvenes de moderado nivel de rendimiento. Se aplicó un trabajo organizado en fases de diferente orientación de fuerza, lo que se conoce como periodización por bloques. Quince universitarios sanos y físicamente activos participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. Fueron organizados aleatoriamente en dos grupos: uno que entrenaba solo resistencia (Grupo Resistencia: GR: Edad=21.3±2.3 años; Peso Corporal=66.8±1.9 kg; Estatura=172.0±2.3 cm; Grasa Corporal=10.8±1.1% y otro (Grupo Fuerza-Resistencia: GFR: Edad=20.9±1.2 años; Peso Corporal=69.8±1.3 kg; Estatura=172.8±3.9 cm, Grasa Corporal=11.4±0.6% al que se le añadió un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de 9 semanas (2 días/semana de duración. No se detectaron grandes diferencias en los cambios observados en ambos grupos al final de las nueve semanas. Los dos grupos mejoraron significativamente su rendimiento en las carreras de media y larga duración, la fuerza, la resistencia de fuerza y su capacidad aeróbica (VO2 max. Los cambios fueron poco apreciables en el resto de las pruebas evaluadas (60 y 300 metros. Los mayores beneficios se encontraron en la carrera de 2000 metros. Dichas mejoras se detectaron desde el primer mesociclo de entrenamiento y fueron especialmente evidentes al final de las nueve semanas. No obstante, no se detectaron diferencias relevantes entre ambos grupos (6.5±3.7 vs. 3.7±2.1 ml/kg/min; F=0.534; IC95%= -0.198, 5.932; p=0.65; ES=0.434. En conclusión, podemos afirmar que en esta muestra incorporar un trabajo de fuerza no conlleva mayores beneficios que entrenar solo la carrera.

  10. Texto guía de estática y resistencia de materiales

    OpenAIRE

    De la Cruz Morales, Claudia Jenny

    1996-01-01

    El siguiente trabajo consta de la unión de la estática como asignatura con la resistencia de materiales que se dictan en la carrera de ingeniería civil. En su primera etapa se presentan unas generalidades de la estática en cuando al manejo de vectores, cuerpo rígido, equilibrio de cuerpo rígido, etc. y algunos ejemplos. El tema de elementos prismáticos sometidos a fuerza axial ya inicia un acercamiento a la resistencia de materiales, más directo, en forma genérica se plantea el estado ...

  11. RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE LAS MULTICAPAS DE [TIN/ALTIN]n DEPOSITADAS SOBRE ACERO AL CARBONO AISI 1045

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    WILLIAM APERADOR

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el mejoramiento frente a la corrosión de los recubrimientos multicapas de [TiN/AlTiN]n con periodos de 2, 6, 12 y 24 bicapas depositados mediante la técnica de PVD magnetrón Sputtering sobre acero al carbono AISI 1045. La evaluación electroquímica se realizó mediante las técnicas espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS y curvas de polarización Tafel, en una solución de 0.5M de H2SO4 + 3.5% wt. de NaCl. La resistencia a la corrosión aumentó de forma gradual en función del número de bicapas en comparación al sustrato encontrando valores de velocidad de corrosión de 18.51 mpy para el sustrato sin recubrir y de 1x10 6 mpy para la muestra con 24 bicapas. Los resultados electroquímicos revelan el efecto positivo en cuanto a la protección superficial del acero 1045 con el incremento del periodo en las multicapas de [TiN /AlTiN]n.

  12. Resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos sol-gel de SiO2 y SiO2 - ZrO2 sobre materiales vitrocerámicos obtenidos por sinterización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soares, V. O.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available The sol-gel process is widely used to obtain coatings on glass-ceramic substrates in order to improve the scratch and abrasion resistance, also providing a bright and homogeneous appearance of a glaze avoiding expensive final polishing treatments. This paper describes the preparation of silica and silica / zirconia coatings by sol-gel method on Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS glassceramic substrates produced by sintering. The coatings were deposited by dip-coating on LAS substrates and characterized by optical microscopy and spectral ellipsometry. On the other hand, hardness and elastic modulus, coefficient of friction and abrasion and scratch resistance of the coatings were determined and compared with the substrate properties. Coatings deposited on LAS glass-ceramic confere the substrate a bright and homogeneous aspect, similar to a glaze, improving the appearance and avoiding the final polishing. However these coatings do not increase the scratch resistance of the substrate only equaling the properties of the glass-ceramic.El proceso sol-gel es un método interesante para la producción de recubrimientos vítreos sobre sustratos vitrocerámicos con el fin de mejorar su resistencia al rayado y al desgaste, y proporcionando además un aspecto homogéneo, vidriado y brillante que evite los costosos tratamientos finales de pulido. Este trabajo describe la preparación de recubrimientos de sílice y sílice/ circona por el método sol-gel sobre sustratos vitrocerámicos del sistema Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS producidos por sinterización. Los recubrimientos se depositaron por la técnica de inmersión y se caracterizaron mediante microscopía óptica de luz reflejada y elipsometría espectral. Por otro lado, se determinó la dureza y el módulo de elasticidad, además del coeficiente de fricción, la resistencia al desgaste y al rayado de los recubrimientos. Estos resultados se compararon con las propiedades del sustrato sin recubrir. Las capas depositadas

  13. RESISTENCIAS A LA LECTURA Y RESISTENCIAS A LA TEORÍA. ALGUNOS EPISODIOS EN LA CRÍTICA LITERARIA LATINOAMERICANA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Dalmaroni

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a la teoría de la lectura ―resistencia a la necesidad de un pensamiento sobre la literatura como acontecimiento y experiencia― sería una variante de la «resistencia a la teoría» (de Man; desde 1990 y hasta la actualidad tal resistencia tiene particulares manifestaciones en la crítica latinoamericana y argentina y en las «historias de la lectura»; en tales ámbitos es posible advertir el recurso a cierta idea de «historización» como vía facticista, posteórica o antiteórica para suprimir como problema crítico la resistencia de la literatura a su reducción cultural.

  14. Performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail as ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The effect of sex and the supplementation of the prebiotic, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), the acidifier, calcium propionate (CPr) or their combination in the feed of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) on their performance and carcass quality was examined in this experimentation. Three hundred, 1-day old Japanese quail ...

  15. Antivídeo, resistencia al imperativo publicitario. Definición y clasificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo RONCERO-PALOMAR

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available El antivídeo es un tipo de vídeo musical que huye del lenguaje visual heredero de la publicidad. Se trata de un producto de difícil clasificación que se encuentra a mitad de camino entre la producción artística, el marketing y la resistencia anti comercial. La falta de una definición que ancle su significado y la necesidad de un análisis que permita conocer sus orígenes y motivaciones lo ha convertido en una de las variables del videoclip menos estudiado hasta la fecha. El término nunca ha llegado a estar muy extendido, quizá porque estas piezas, al ser poco emitidas por televisión no han llegado a ser muy populares. Esta investigación busca definir el término y estudiar cuáles han sido las motivaciones que han llevado a la aparición de esta modalidad de vídeo musical y conocer así sus posibles variables.

  16. Pairing Behavior of the Monogamous King Quail, Coturnix chinensis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Adkins-Regan

    Full Text Available Animals with socially monogamous mating systems are valuable for discovering proximate mechanisms of prosocial behavior and close social relationships. Especially powerful are comparisons between related species that differ in monogamous tendency. Birds are the most socially monogamous vertebrates. Thus far most research on mechanisms of pairing has used zebra finches, which do not have a relative with a different mating system, however. The goal of the experiments reported here was to develop a new comparative avian system by studying the pairing behavior of a reportedly strongly monogamous quail, the king quail (Coturnix chinensis, a species in the same clade as the less monogamous Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, the subject of much prior research. In Experiment 1 male-female pairs of king quail housed together were initially avoidant or aggressive but most rapidly progressed to allopreening and huddling. A separation-reunion paradigm reliably elicited both of these behaviors in males that had cohabited for one week. In Experiment 2 the allopreening and huddling behavior of males in cohabiting pairs was highly selective, and a majority of the males were aggressive toward a familiar female that was not the cohabitation partner. In Experiment 3 males were separated from their female cohabitation partners for 9-10 weeks and then given two-choice tests. All but one male spent more time near an unfamiliar female, which may have reflected aggression and shows recognition of and memory for the past pairing experience. Thus king quail show robust, selective and easy to measure pairing behavior that can be reliably elicited with simple separation-reunion testing procedures. Copulation is rarely seen during tests. The behavior of king quail is a striking contrast to that of Japanese quail, providing a new comparative system for discovering mechanisms of behavior related to close social relationships and monogamy.

  17. Pairing Behavior of the Monogamous King Quail, Coturnix chinensis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adkins-Regan, Elizabeth

    2016-01-01

    Animals with socially monogamous mating systems are valuable for discovering proximate mechanisms of prosocial behavior and close social relationships. Especially powerful are comparisons between related species that differ in monogamous tendency. Birds are the most socially monogamous vertebrates. Thus far most research on mechanisms of pairing has used zebra finches, which do not have a relative with a different mating system, however. The goal of the experiments reported here was to develop a new comparative avian system by studying the pairing behavior of a reportedly strongly monogamous quail, the king quail (Coturnix chinensis), a species in the same clade as the less monogamous Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), the subject of much prior research. In Experiment 1 male-female pairs of king quail housed together were initially avoidant or aggressive but most rapidly progressed to allopreening and huddling. A separation-reunion paradigm reliably elicited both of these behaviors in males that had cohabited for one week. In Experiment 2 the allopreening and huddling behavior of males in cohabiting pairs was highly selective, and a majority of the males were aggressive toward a familiar female that was not the cohabitation partner. In Experiment 3 males were separated from their female cohabitation partners for 9-10 weeks and then given two-choice tests. All but one male spent more time near an unfamiliar female, which may have reflected aggression and shows recognition of and memory for the past pairing experience. Thus king quail show robust, selective and easy to measure pairing behavior that can be reliably elicited with simple separation-reunion testing procedures. Copulation is rarely seen during tests. The behavior of king quail is a striking contrast to that of Japanese quail, providing a new comparative system for discovering mechanisms of behavior related to close social relationships and monogamy.

  18. Detection of Marek's disease virus DNA in Japanese quail susceptible to atherosclerosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pyrzak, R.; Shih, J.C.H.

    1986-01-01

    Marek's disease virus (MDV) was demonstrated as an etiological agent which causes atherosclerosis in the chicken. Since herpes viruses are ubiquitous, incidences of viral atherogenesis in humans and other animals were speculated. In this laboratory, the atherosclerosis susceptible (SUS) and resistant (RES) Japanese quail were developed as the animal model for atherosclerosis research. The susceptibility of the animal might be due to an infection of MDV or a related quail herpes virus (QHV). An initial attempt to isolate viruses from quail and an agar gel precipitin test for MDC were not positive. A DNA hybridization technique was used to determine whether the MDC-DNA existed in the quail cell. The gene library of MDV EcoRl DNA fragments was used to prepare the DNA probe, labeled with [ 32 P] by nick translation. Dot hybridizations were carried out by mixing the MDV-DNA probe with DNAs isolated from quail tissues. A high stringent condition was used. From this experiment it was found that the tissues from the SUS quail were hybridization positive, but most of them from RES quail were negative. When aortas were compared, the severe atherosclerotic had a strong hybridization (3-4 cop. of genome/cell) whereas the others hybridized moderately (1 cop./cell). It was concluded that genes from MDV or a QHV indeed existed in Japanese quail

  19. Nuevos métodos bacteriológicos para detectar y evitar la resistencia bacteriana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margaret Ordoñez-Smith de Danies

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available

    DEFINICIÓN DE LA RESISTENCIA

    De acuerdo al COC (Centro de Control de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos, la resistencia se da cuando un medicamento deja de inhibir el crecimiento o matar un microorganismo. 

    Hay dos tipos de resistencia la adquirida y la clínica. La adquirida se realiza en el laboratorio a través de las mutaciones o por transferencia de genes, sistemas de conjugación, transducción y transformación.

    La resistencia clínica es la observada en la práctica médica, donde no todos los organismos son igualmente sensibles o resistentes a cierto antibiótico y que requiere la ayuda de técnicas de laboratorio para medir cuantitativamente o cualitativamente dicho proceso.

    MECANISMOS DE LA RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA

    En la detección de la Resistencia Bacteriana se han identificado diferentes mecanismos utilizados por las bacterias: destrucción o inactivación enzimática, cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana interna, alteraciones de los precursores de la pared celular, de la membrana y de los ribosomas.

    Para los años 90 se dispuso de una serie de antimicrobianos como betalactámicos, aminoglucósidos, macrólidos, sulfonamidas, trimetoprim, cloranfenicol, glicopéptidos, rifampicina, quinolonas, tetraciclinas....

     

  20. Histomorphometric study of brachiocephalic artery of Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shariati, Sarah; Rahmanifar, Farhad; Tamadon, Amin

    2015-01-01

    Brachiocephalic arteries in quails are large arteries which are arising separately from the aortic arch. The aim of the present study was to determine the histomorphometric aspects of brachiocephalic arteries in the Japanese quail. The different layers of the brachiocephalic artery were studied quantitatively in 10, 20 and 60 days-old Japanese quail; (n = 6) and both sexes. Luminal diameter, thickness of the intima, media and adventitia, the percentage of the intima, media and adventitia, as compared with the total wall thickness were determined. It was found that luminal diameter and whole artery thickness increased by age (p < 0.05). In addition, the tunica media was the thickest layer, then tunica intima and at last tunica adventitia (p < 0.05). The muscularity of the right brachiocephalic artery was more than that of the left one (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric study of brachiocephalic arteries of Japanese quails showed that increasing of age causes increase of internal and external diameters of the artery and this increase in females was more than males.

  1. Resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos Fe-Nb-Cr-W, Nb, AISI 1020 y AISI 420 producidos por proyección térmica por arco eléctrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López-Covaleda, E. A.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available The commercial materials 140MXC (with iron, tungsten, chrome, niobium, 530AS (AISI 1015 steel and 560AS (AISI 420 steel on AISI 4340 steel were deposited using thermal spray with arc. The aim of work was to evaluate the best strategy abrasive wear resistance of the system coating-substrate using the following combinations: (1 homogeneous coatings and (2 coatings depositing simultaneously 140MXC + 530AS and 140MXC + 560AS. The coatings microstructure was characterized using Optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Laser confocal microscopy. The wear resistance was evaluated through dry sand rubber wheel test (DSRW. We found that the wear resistance depends on the quantity of defects and the mechanical properties like hardness. For example, the softer coatings have the biggest wear rates and the failure mode was characterized by plastic deformation caused by particles indentation, and the other hand the failure mode at the harder materials was grooving. The details and wear mechanism of the coatings produced are described in this investigation.Mediante proyección térmica de arco eléctrico fueron depositados tres materiales comercialmente conocidos como: 140MXC (a base de hierro, wolframio, cromo y niobio, 530AS (acero AISI 1020 y 560AS (acero AISI 420, sobre acero AISI 4340. Con el objetivo de evaluar la mejor estrategia para incrementar la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo, los recubrimientos fueron depositados de dos formas: (1 monocapas homogéneas de cada material y (2 recubrimientos depositando con alambres disimiles de 140MXC + 530AS y 140MXC + 560AS. Los recubrimientos fueron caracterizados microestructuralmente mediante Difracción de rayos X, Microscopía óptica, Microscopía láser confocal y Microscopía electrónica de barrido. La evaluación de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo se realizó mediante ensayo con arena seca y rueda de caucho (DSRW. Se encontró que la resistencia al desgaste depende entre otras de las

  2. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lashev, L D; Dimitrova, D J; Milanova, A; Moutafchieva, R G

    2015-04-01

    The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was studied in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Healthy mature birds from both species and both genders were treated intravenously and orally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg). After intravenous administration enrofloxacin was extensively metabolised to ciprofloxacin. Metabolites of marbofloxacin were not detected. Values of volume of distribution were respectively 4.63 l/kg and 3.67 l/kg for enrofloxacin and 1.56 l/kg and 1.43 l/kg for marbofloxacin. In quails, total body clearance values were higher than those in pheasants and other avian species. After oral application enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed in quails, more rapidly than marbofloxacin. Pheasants absorbed both antimicrobials at a lower rate. Higher bioavailability was observed for marbofloxacin (118%). Relatively low bioavailability was established in quails for enrofloxacin (26.4%), accompanied by extensive conversion to ciprofloxacin. Generally, quails absorbed and eliminated both fluoroquinolones more rapidly than pheasants; the latter showed pharmacokinetics similar to poultry. Because of favourable pharmacokinetic properties, marbofloxacin should be preferred for oral administration in Japanese quails and pheasants for treatment of infections caused by equally susceptible pathogens.

  3. Resistencia a herbicidas. Glifosato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Villalba

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una revisión actualizada de los mecanismos generadores de resistencia a herbicidas, en plantas, y los factores que favorecen su desarrollo. Se reúnen las especies que actualmente han sido denunciadas como resistentes a glifosato, en Argentina y el mundo. Se explica el mecanismo de acción y de desarrollo de resistencia de este xenobiótico, poniendo énfasis en las conductas preventivas.

  4. Coronavirus–associated enteritis in a quail farm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Camarda

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available An enteric syndrome observed in semi-intensively reared quails is described. The affected birds showed depression, severe diarrhoea and dehydration. The mortality occurred particularly in young birds. At necropsy, the prominent lesion was catarrhal enteritis. Laboratory investigations demonstrated the presence of coronavirus in the gut of dead animals. No additional pathogens were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for the presence of CoVs in quail with enteritis.

  5. Descifrando las bases moleculares de la resistencia cuantitativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camilo Lopez

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los factores mas importantes que afectan los cultivos son las enfermedades ocasionadas por los patógenos. La resistencia vegetal ha sido clásicamente dividida en dos tipos: i competa, vertical o cualitativa que es gobernada por un solo gen y ii incompleta, horizontal o cuantitativa la cual es gobernada por varios genes. Aunque la resistencia cuantitativa provee resistencia de amplio espectro y es durable, los mecanismo moleculares subyacentes no han sido estudiados en detalle. En esta revisión se propone un modelo basado en la co-localización de genes similares a los clásicos genes de resistencia cualitativa con QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci para explicar el mecanismo involucrado en el reconocimiento del patógeno durante la resistencia cuantitativa. Además se presenta información acerca del progreso obtenido en los últimos tres años para entender este tipo de resistencia, que culminó con la clonación de varios genes asociados a la resistencia cuantitativa. En conjunto, estos datos proveen nuevas luces sobre la naturaleza genética de este tipo de resistencia y de cómo puede ser empleada en programas de mejoramiento genético.

  6. Effect of Led Lighting Colors for Laying Japanese Quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KC Nunes

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Time of exposure and light intensity rearing house may affect the performance and egg quality of laying quails. This research aimed at evaluating the live performance, egg quality, biometry of the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica exposed to artificial light-emitting diodes (LED of different colors in comparison with fluorescent lamps. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed in completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (fluorescent lamp, and green, red, or blue LED lamps with six replicates of 10 birds each. Average egg weight and eggshell thickness were different (p0.05. The oviduct of 64-d-old hens exposed to green LED lighting was shorter (p<0.05 than those exposed to the fluorescent lamp. Red LED can be used to replace the fluorescent lamps, as they promote the same live performance, egg quality, and morphological development of the reproductive tract of laying Japanese quails.

  7. Antibióticos vs. resistencia bacteriana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

    2015-02-01

    resultados prometedores, ha demostrado ser eficaz para destruir diferentes microorganismos, entre ellos estafilococos resistentes a la meticilina y Streptococcus pneumoniae. La teixobactina actúa a nivel de la pared celular de las bacterias, inhibiendo la síntesis de los peptidoglucanos que dan fortaleza a la pared celular, similar a como lo hacen los antibióticos betalactámicos, pero con la gran diferencia de que la molécula diana es un lípido, en lugar de una proteína. Adicionalmente, la teixobactina puede unirse a diferentes dianas, ninguna de las cuales es una proteína. Las resistencias de las bacterias a los antibióticos se desarrollan con más facilidad cuando el mismo actúa sobre una proteína, esta característica del mecanismo de acción de la teixobactina podría dificultar el desarrollo de resistencias. (4 Hay que esperar los resultados de los ensayos clínicos en humanos antes de lanzar las campanas al viento. Si se confirman los resultados obtenidos en animales y no se reportan efectos secundarios graves, es posible que éste sea un fármaco de punta en la lucha contra las bacterias más resistentes, pero para ello habrá que esperar hasta alrededor del año 2020, según las previsiones más optimistas. Por el momento, siguen siendo la correcta prescripción médica de los antibióticos y la educación de todos acerca del uso adecuado de los mismos, las mejores herramientas para enfrentar la creciente resistencia bacteriana

  8. Caecal worm, Aulonocephalus pennula, infection in the northern bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicholas R. Dunham

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Parasitic nematodes that infect quail have been understudied and long been dismissed as a problem in quail management. Within the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas, an area that has experienced quail population “boom and bust” cycles and ultimately a general decline, the need to determine why Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus populations are diminishing has increased in priority. Previously, caecal parasites have been documented to cause inactivity, weight loss, reduced growth, inflammation to the caecal mucosa, and even death. The caecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula is an intestinal nematode parasite that is commonly found within the caecum of quail, as well as many other avian species. In the Rolling Plains ecoregion, A. pennula has been documented to have as high as a 98% prevalence in bobwhite quail samples; however, the effect it has on its host is not well understood. The present study documents A. pennula causes no pathological changes within the caeca of the Northern bobwhite. However, there is concern for disruption of digestion and the possible implications of infection for wild bobwhite quail survival are discussed.

  9. Comparative reproductive and physiological responses of northern bobwhite and scaled quail to water deprivation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giuliano, W.M.; Patino, R.; Lutz, R.S.

    1998-01-01

    We compared reproductive and physiological responses of captive female northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) under control and water deprivation conditions. Scaled quail required less food and water to reproduce successfully under control conditions than northern bobwhite. Additionally, in scaled quail, serum osmolality levels and kidney mass were unaffected by water deprivation, whereas in northern bobwhite, serum osmolality levels increased and kidney mass declined. This finding indicates that scaled quail may have osmoregulatory abilities superior to those of northern bobwhite. Under control conditions, northern bobwhite gained more body mass and produced more but smaller eggs than scaled quail. Under water deprivation conditions, northern bobwhite lost more body mass but had more laying hens with a higher rate of egg production than scaled quail. Our data suggest that northern bobwhite allocated more resources to reproduction than to body maintenance, while scaled quail apparently forego reproduction in favor of body maintenance during water deprivation conditions.

  10. Relación entre las características de la adolescente embarazada y la resistencia al consumo de droga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martinez Liliana del C.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Es un estudio cualitativo, se realizo entrevistas en profundidad a 20 adolescentes embarazadas, que aceptaron participar de la investigación, sobre la relación entre las características de la adolescente embarazada y la resistencia al consumo de droga. Se logro conocer que ellas tuvieron contacto con drogas licitas e ilícitas, así como la decisión para rechazar, dejar o disminuir el consumo; también se identifico el escaso conocimiento que las jovencitas tienen del salud reproductiva y las modificaciones gravídicas en su cuerpo. Para esta población es importante contar con una pareja y su hijo, como sostén para el no consumo de sustancias toxicas que causan adicción.

  11. Effect of chamomile extract on the welfare of laying Japanese quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karine Isabela Tenório

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chamomile extract on Japanese quail on their performance, animal behavior, tonic immobility, body injuries, and surface temperature. The trial was conducted using 108 quail distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (0, 2.5, and 5.0 g chamomile/kg of feed, six replicates, and six birds per treatment, evaluated in six measures repeated in time (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days of trial. The inclusion of chamomile presented a quadratic effect on sitting behavior, estimating the inclusion of 1.8 g chamomile/kg to maximize this behavior. There was a decreasing linear effect for aggressive pecking, that is, the higher the inclusion of chamomile in the diet, the lower the expression of this behavior. The inclusion of 1.8-5.0 g chamomile/kg in a Japanese quail diet reduces the behavior of aggressive pecking, in addition to keeping the birds seated longer. These results are innovative because they show in the literature for the first time that chamomile supplemented in Japanese quail diets has the capacity to modulate the behavior of the quail, leading to an improvement in the welfare of quail raised in cages.

  12. Studies on the riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and choline requirements of young bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1974-01-01

    Four experiments were conducted to examine the riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and choline requirements of young Bobwhite quail. Quail fed purified diets deficient in either riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid or choline grew poorly and high mortality occurred by 5 weeks of age. Under the conditions of these experiments, it was found that: (1) young quail require approximately 3.8 mg. riboflavin/kg. diet for satisfactory growth and survival; (2) no more than 31 mg. niacin/kg. diet are required for normal growth and survival of young quail; (3) the requirement for pantothenic acid is higher than has previously been reported, quail in these studies requiring 12.6 mg. pantothenic acid/kg. feed for growth and survival; and (4) the requirement for choline for reducing mortality is approximately 1000 mg./kg., while the amount necessary for normal growth of young quail is no greater than 1500 mg./kg. when the diet contains ample amounts of methionine. Quail fed a niacin-deficient diet developed stiff, shortened feathers and an erythema about the head; those receiving a riboflavin-deficient ration developed enlarged hocks and bowed legs, as did quail fed diets low or devoid of choline. Aside from slow growth, poor feathering was the only other indication that a deficient diet was being fed when quail were placed on a basal ration without pantothenic acid for five weeks.

  13. Introgresión de la resistencia al deterioro fisiológico poscosecha en yuca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Teresa

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó una población de medios hermanos (B1PD280 proveniente del cruzamiento del parental resistente al deterioro fisiológico poscosecha (DFP CW429-1 (Manihot esculenta x M. walkerae, y ocho genotipos élite utilizados como padres recurrentes susceptibles. Se evaluaron cinco raíces por genotipo, 7 y 14 días después de la cosecha (d.d.c. mediante una escala (0 - 100%. Los resultados mostraron reducción significativa de DFP (entre 10% y 46% en relación con los parentales recurrentes. Cincuenta y un genotipos tuvieron alto y medio nivel de resistencia (0 - 35%, 22% y 20% de ellos correspondieron a individuos sin síntomas 7 o 14 d.d.c., respectivamente. Se estableció una posible correlación entre DFP (14 d.d.c. y escopoletina (0.523, P < 0.001 y materia seca (0.288, P < 0.001.

  14. Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus-related sequences in the Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chambers, J A; Cywinski, A; Chen, P J; Taylor, J M

    1986-08-01

    We detected sequences related to the avian retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus within the genome of the Japanese quail, a species previously considered to be free of endogenous avian leukosis virus elements. Using low-stringency conditions of hybridization, we screened a quail genomic library for clones containing retrovirus-related information. Of five clones so selected, one, lambda Q48, contained sequence information related to the gag, pol, and env genes of Rous sarcoma virus arranged in a contiguous fashion and spanning a distance of approximately 5.8 kilobases. This organization is consistent with the presence of an endogenous retroviral element within the Japanese quail genome. Use of this element as a high-stringency probe on Southern blots of genomic digests of several quail DNA demonstrated hybridization to a series of high-molecular-weight bands. By slot hybridization to quail DNA with a cloned probe, it was deduced that there were approximately 300 copies per diploid cell. In addition, the quail element also hybridized at low stringency to the DNA of the White Leghorn chicken and at high stringency to the DNAs of several species of jungle fowl and both true and ruffed pheasants. Limited nucleotide sequencing analysis of lambda Q48 revealed homologies of 65, 52, and 46% compared with the sequence of Rous sarcoma virus strain Prague C for the endonuclease domain of pol, the pol-env junction, and the 3'-terminal region of env, respectively. Comparisons at the amino acid level were also significant, thus confirming the retrovirus relatedness of the cloned quail element.

  15. Antibióticos vs. resistencia bacteriana

    OpenAIRE

    Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

    2015-01-01

    La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos es un problema de salud mundial que se encuentra en constante evolución. De manera frecuente se reportan nuevos mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos, tanto en bacterias gram negativas como en gram positivas. La presencia de resistencia en una bacteria causante de infección disminuye las posibilidades de obtener la curación clínica y la erradicación bacteriológica e incrementa los costos del tratamiento, la morbilidad y la mortali...

  16. QUAIL: A Quantitative Security Analyzer for Imperative Code

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Biondi, Fabrizio; Wasowski, Andrzej; Traonouez, Louis-Marie

    2013-01-01

    Quantitative security analysis evaluates and compares how effectively a system protects its secret data. We introduce QUAIL, the first tool able to perform an arbitrary-precision quantitative analysis of the security of a system depending on private information. QUAIL builds a Markov Chain model...... of the system’s behavior as observed by an attacker, and computes the correlation between the system’s observable output and the behavior depending on the private information, obtaining the expected amount of bits of the secret that the attacker will infer by observing the system. QUAIL is able to evaluate...... the safety of randomized protocols depending on secret data, allowing to verify a security protocol’s effectiveness. We experiment with a few examples and show that QUAIL’s security analysis is more accurate and revealing than results of other tools...

  17. [Effect of krypton-containing gas mixture on Japanese quail embryo development].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kussmaul', A R; Gur'eva, T S; Dadasheva, O A; Pavlov, N B; Pavlov, B N

    2008-01-01

    Investigated were effects of gas mixture with up to 3.0 kgs/cm2 of krypton on the embryonic development of domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica dom.). Results demonstrated absence of a serious krypton effect on Japanese quail embryos. Development of embryos proceeded in due course; morphometrically the experimental embryos were essentially similar to controls. It should be noted that despite exposure to acute hypoxic hypoxia during the initial 12 hours of development in the krypton-containing gas mixture, viability of quail embryos was high enough which can be ascribed to the krypton protective action. Besides, an additional experiment showed that krypton partial pressure of 5-5.5 kgs/cm2 produces the narcotic effect on adult Japanese quails.

  18. Resistencia a la corrosión a alta temperatura de recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por APS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Tristancho-Reyes

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available La corrosión a alta temperatura de las tuberías utilizadas en equipos generadores de vapor (calderas ha sido reconocida como un grave problema que trae consigo el adelgazamiento de éstas y, por consiguiente, la falla de los equipos. En la última década se han incrementado las investigaciones que involucran recubrimientos protectores que ayudan de alguna manera a prolongar la vida útil de estos equipos. Esta investigación determinó el comportamiento de los recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por proyección térmica asistida por plasma (APS sobre la aleación SA213 – T22 (2¼Cr – 1Mo, en un ambiente corrosivo de 80%V2O5–20%K2SO4 a 800°C. Los valores de la cinética de corrosión fueron determinados mediante resistencia a la polarización lineal (RPL y espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIE. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una menor cinética de corrosión en el recubrimiento NiCrFeNbMoTiAl que la presentada por el recubrimiento NiCrAlY, corroborado por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB.

  19. Resistencia y susceptibilidad de microorganismos aislados en pacientes atendidos en una institución hospitalaria de tercer nivel, Villavicencio-Colombia, 2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Alexander Gutiérrez Lesmes

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana es problema significativo de salud pública y está asociada al uso indiscriminado e irracional de antibióticos, lo que afecta la eficacia de los tratamientos. Objetivo: Estimar la resistencia antimicrobiana a los antibióticos resultado de las pruebas invitro de susceptibilidad en una institución hospitalaria de tercer nivel de Villavicencio, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de tipo retrospectivo, análisis univariado, calculando medias de las variables susceptibilidad, resistencia, antibiótico, microorganismos, y tipo de muestra resultados de las pruebas de susceptibilidad realizadas mediante técnica de Kirby-Bauer de 485 pruebas de susceptibilidad de la institución hospitalaria. Resultados y Discusión: Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados, fueron: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus ss. Aureus representando el 49% de total de microorganismos, los mayores reportes de resistencia en la pruebas invitro las presentaron Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ss. Saprophytic, Enterobacter cloacae, presentan una resistencia media superior al 50%, y una susceptibilidad inferior 40%, la mayor resistencia media se presentó para los siguientes antibióticos, Cefalotina 72,2%, Cefazolina 59,9%, Nitrofurantoina 54,4%, Ceftriaxona 52,7%. Conclusiones: Antibióticos como la Cefalotina, Nitrofurantoina, Cefazolina y Ceftriaxona  pierden su utilidad terapéutica dada la elevada resistencia demostrada por los microorganismos aislados en las pruebas invitro, es necesario reforzar las medidas de uso adecuado de antibióticos para disminuir la posibilidad de adaptación y resistencia a los mismos,  el fenómeno de resistencia bacteriana ocurre fuera del ámbito hospitalario evidenciando la necesidad de iniciar también control y vigilancia en infecciones ocurridas en la comunidad.Cómo citar este

  20. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y resistencia a la insulina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Cipriani-Thorne

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la literatura de los últimos 15 años para poder objetivar los temas que son materia de esta comunicación. En primer lugar se analiza en qué consiste el llamado Síndrome Metabólico, sus características; a continuación se resume la historia natural de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II y su patogenia. Se revisa la importancia de la resistencia a la insulina en el músculo estriado principal órgano de combustión de la glucosa y el factor mitocondrial de la resistencia a la insulina. Se analiza además la importancia de resistencia a la insulina con respecto al metabolismo del hígado y en particular a las alteraciones del metabolismo del colesterol y de los triglicéridos. Se hace un comentario extenso de cómo así la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II es considerada en la actualidad como una enfermedad de origen inflamatorio y por último se discuten las consecuencias de la hiperinsulinemia, dado que el exceso de insulina es producido por el bloqueo en la línea metabólica de su acción más no en su línea de producir proliferación tisular.(Rev Med Hered 2010;21:160-170.

  1. Microsatellite loci in Japanese quail and cross-species amplification in chicken and guinea fowl

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mizutani Makoto

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In line with the Gifu University's initiative to map the Japanese quail genome, a total of 100 Japanese quail microsatellite markers isolated in our laboratory were evaluated in a population of 20 unrelated quails randomly sampled from a colony of wild quail origin. Ninety-eight markers were polymorphic with an average of 3.7 alleles per locus and a mean heterozygosity of 0.423. To determine the utility of these markers for comparative genome mapping in Phasianidae, cross-species amplification of all the markers was tested with chicken and guinea fowl DNA. Amplification products similar in size to the orthologous loci in quail were observed in 42 loci in chicken and 20 loci in guinea fowl. Of the cross-reactive markers, 57.1% in chicken and 55.0% in guinea fowl were polymorphic when tested in 20 birds from their respective populations. Five of 15 markers that could cross-amplify Japanese quail, chicken, and guinea fowl DNA were polymorphic in all three species. Amplification of orthologous loci was confirmed by sequencing 10 loci each from chicken and guinea fowl and comparing with them the corresponding quail sequence. The microsatellite markers reported would serve as a useful resource base for genetic mapping in quail and comparative mapping in Phasianidae.

  2. Effect of various probiotics on growth performance of Japanese quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. R. Sirsat

    Full Text Available An experiment was conducted to study the effect of various probiotics on the performance of Japanese Quails. One hundred Japanese quail chicks were weighed individually and they were uniformly distributed equally to four dietary treatments consisting 25 birds in each. The starter and finisher diets were containing ME 2800 and 2600 Kcal/kg and protein 25 and 23 % respectively. The group T0(Controll fed standard quail diet and T1,T2 and T3 were fed probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces boulardii @ 0.05 % in diet. The study was conducted for six weeks in the same managemental condition. Weekly live body weight and feed consumption were recorded. The group supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in significantly higher growth rate and showed higher weight gain. The average feed efficiency and nitrogen retention were significantly higher in group supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cost of production /100gm of meat was found to be Rs.7.10, 6.84, 7.55 and 8.37 respectively in T0 to T3 groups. Thus, the study indicated that supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet of Japanese quails was effective in improving performance of the quails. [Vet World 2009; 2(8.000: 321-322

  3. Stimulation of Egg Production in Japanese Quails by Enriching Feed with Residual Yeast

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Letitia Oprean

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Quail eggs are more and more approved for consumers because they bring many benefits to the human body. Therefore, quails breeding for eggs production have become a very profitable business. Residual yeast may be a nutritional supplement, especially rich in vitamins and proteins. This article studies the influence of residual beer yeast on egg laying in Japanese quails. In order to be integrated into the diet of quails the yeast has undergone a process of autolysis; its influence has been examined on separate groups. The results were reported as a percentage compared with the control group, where the feed does not contain this supplement. Due to its content rich in vitamins and proteins, the residual beer yeast used in feeding the quails bred for eggs stimulates egg laying.

  4. Friabilidad del suelo: métodos de estimación con énfasis en la determinación cuantitativa de la resistencia al rompimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Edgar Alvaro Avila Pedraza

    2017-01-01

    Entender el comportamiento de la friabilidad permite la toma de decisiones apropiadas para la reducción del consumo de energía, el manejo y la conservación de la calidad física del suelo. Este artículo sintetiza los métodos utilizados actualmente para la determinación de la friabilidad del suelo, con énfasis en el método de resistencia al rompimiento -RR-. La friabilidad puede ser determinada a partir de métodos cualitativos, semicuantitativos y cuantitativos. El análisis cualitativo se basa ...

  5. Ensayos acelerados de resistencia del hormigón

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Krishna Iyer, R.

    1979-09-01

    Full Text Available Not avaible

    Las normas para proyectar las estructuras de hormigón se basan, en cuanto a calidad se refiere, en los resultados del ensayo de la compresión de probetas preparadas y curadas en condiciones normalizadas, rotas a 28 días de edad. Este largo plazo causa dificultades pues sus indicaciones se conocen cuando ya han sido colocadas grandes cantidades de hormigón; esto es trágico si el resultado acusa una calidad defectuosa. Se impone utilizar métodos acelerados que permitan aplicar inmediatos correctivos en casos necesarios. Los métodos acelerados permiten, además, conocer rápidamente si la proporción proyectada alcanza las resistencias requeridas. Los autores estudian tres modos de operar, limitándose principalmente al estudio de la relación entre los resultados obtenidos para la resistencia a la compresión alcanzada por el método normalizado a 28 días y la que arrojan los ensayos acelerados, por el hormigón preparado con cemento portland ordinario.

  6. Genetic parameters of growth, body, and egg traits in Japanese quails

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    2014-07-31

    Jul 31, 2014 ... egg traits as well as genetic and phenotypic relationships between these traits in Japanese quails reared in the ... Japanese quail is the smallest avian species farmed .... 2 = cross classified “family” variance component.

  7. Humoral immunity of Japanese quail subjected to microwave radiation during embryogeny

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamrick, P.E.; McRee, D.I.; Thaxton, P.; Parkhurst, C.R.

    1977-01-01

    Fertile Japanese quail eggs were exposed to continuous wave microwave radiation at an intensity of 5 mW/cm 2 (50 W/m 2 ) and a frequency of 2450 Mhz. The absorbed power density was determined to be 4.03 W/kg. The eggs were exposed throughout the first 12 days of the normal incubation period of 17.5 days. Non-exposed control eggs were incubated in a chamber identical to the exposure chamber. After hatching, exposed and control quail were reared in the conventional laboratory manner. Weekly body weight measurements were made to compare the growth patterns of exposed and control quail. The weights of the exposed male at the ages of 4 and 5 weeks were 12 and 7%, respectively, less than the control males. These differences approached statistical significance (P<=0.05). At 5 weeks of age the quail were challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the levels of the anti-SRBC antibodies were determined. The levels of specific anti-SRBC antibodies, determined 4 days after antigen challenges, were of the same magnitude for both the exposed and control quail. Following this assessment of humoral immunity, the quail were sacrificed and the bursa of Fabricius and spleen were removed and a comparison was made of exposed and control birds. The weights of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen were not altered significantly by the microwave exposure. (author)

  8. A survey of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farming in selected areas of Bangladesh.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasar, Abu; Rahman, Aminoor; Hoque, Nazmul; Kumar Talukder, Anup; Das, Ziban Chandra

    2016-09-01

    To investigate the status, problems and prospects of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farming in selected areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in 14 districts of Bangladesh, viz., Dhaka, Narayanganj, Munshiganj, Mymensingh, Netrakona, Faridpur, Jessore, Khulna, Satkhira, Kushtia, Bogra, Naogaon, Comilla, and Sylhet during the period from July 2011 to June 2012. A total of 52 quail farmers were interviewed for data collection using a structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions were also carried out with unsuccessful farmers and those want to start quail farming. Workers of quail farms, quail feeds and medicine suppliers, quail eggs and meat sellers were also interviewed regarding the issue. Out of 52 farms, 86.5% were operated by male, 67.3% farmers did not receive any training and 92.3% farmers had no earlier experience of quail farming although 58.0% farmers primary occupation was quail farming. Most of the farms (63.4%) were mixed in type having ≤5000 birds of two or three varieties. About 80.7% farms were operated separately round the year with no other poultry and 83.0% farmers wanted to expand their farming. The average pullet weight 145.0±0.12, 110.0±0.07, 120.0±0.22, and 128.0±0.17 g; age at the first lay 46.0±0.04, 42.0±0.31, 42.0±0.09, and 45.2±0.05 days; rearing period 15.0±0.01, 12.0±0.14, 15.0±0.32, and 15.2±0.18 months; culling period 15.5±0.14, 13.0±0.06, 15.0±0.03, and 15.4±0.26 months were for layer, parent stock, hatchery, and mixed farms, respectively. Most of the layer farms had an average egg production of ≤5000/day and net profit BDT 0.75/egg. However, an average number of birds, hatchability and net profit per day-old-chick were ≤5000, 76.8% and BDT 2.75, respectively, in the hatchery. Broiler quails were sold at 30 days with mean weight of 110.8 g and net profit BDT 9.02/bird. The major constraints of quail farming were higher feed price, outbreak of endemic diseases, lack of proper knowledge

  9. RESISTENCIA AL TIZÓN TARDÍO (Phytophthora infestans EN CLONES PROMISORIOS DE PAPA EN COSTA RICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Barquero

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se determinó la resistencia al tizón tardío presente en 83 genotipos de papa, provenientes de diferentes cruces y fusión de protoplastos de líneas de mejoramiento con las especies silves- tres Solanum bulbocastanum, S. circaeifolium, S. okadae, S. laxissimum, S. berthaultii, S. pinnatisectum y S. commersonii. Los materiales fueron evaluados en el campo, y en el labora- torio se realizó pruebas de foliolos separados, utilizando como inóculo una raza compleja (1- 11 de P. infestans. Los genotipos provenientes de las hibridaciones somáticas o cruces con las especies silvestres S. bulbocastanum, S. circaei-folium y S. okadae fueron los que presentaron los valores más bajos del área bajo la curva de desarrollo de la enfermedad: 60, 80 y 79, res- pectivamente. Las variedades Alpha, Waych'a,Pimpernell y Granola, utilizadas como testigos, presentaron los valores más altos del área bajo la curva 477, 474, 466 y 427, respectivamente.

  10. Frecuencia y resistencia bacteriana de Staphylococcus aureus en infecciones nosocomiales en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas, años 2004 y 2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Borga Hernández

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de infecciones nosocomiales y resistencia a meticiclina de S. aureus en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas, primer semestre de años 2004 y 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo para determinar frecuencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias (IN y resistencia a meticiclina de S. aureus, se analizaron los informes de los Boletines de la Sub Comisión de Infecciones Hospitalarias del Hospital Universitario de Caracas correspondientes al primer semestre de los años 2004 y 2007 Resultados: En el año 2004 se registraron 1.608 casos de IN, 6,84% ocasionadas por S. aureus y 2.311 en el año 2007, 10,42% causadas por dicho microorganismo. La resistencia a la meticilina en el año 2004 fue 14% de las 110 cepas aisladas y en el 2007 fue de 68% de las 241 cepas aisladas. Conclusiones: Existe diferencia en la frecuencia de infecciones hospitalarias producidas por S. aureus y en la resistencia a meticiclina de las cepas en el HUC, mayor en el 2007 en comparación al 2004.

  11. Short barb: a feather structure mutation in Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fulton, J E; Roberts, C W; Nichols, C R; Cheng, K M

    1982-12-01

    A type of feather structure abnormality in Japanese quail resulting in shortened barbs on contour feathers was found to be controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene, sh (short barb). The mutation was first identified in a full-sib family from the University of British Columbia wild type line. Unlike other feather structure mutations in Japanese quail reported previously in literature, the short barb mutation is not associated with poor reproduction.

  12. A survey of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica farming in selected areas of Bangladesh

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor Rahman

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Aim: To investigate the status, problems and prospects of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica farming in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 14 districts of Bangladesh, viz., Dhaka, Narayanganj, Munshiganj, Mymensingh, Netrakona, Faridpur, Jessore, Khulna, Satkhira, Kushtia, Bogra, Naogaon, Comilla, and Sylhet during the period from July 2011 to June 2012. A total of 52 quail farmers were interviewed for data collection using a structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions were also carried out with unsuccessful farmers and those want to start quail farming. Workers of quail farms, quail feeds and medicine suppliers, quail eggs and meat sellers were also interviewed regarding the issue. Results: Out of 52 farms, 86.5% were operated by male, 67.3% farmers did not receive any training and 92.3% farmers had no earlier experience of quail farming although 58.0% farmers primary occupation was quail farming. Most of the farms (63.4% were mixed in type having ≤5000 birds of two or three varieties. About 80.7% farms were operated separately round the year with no other poultry and 83.0% farmers wanted to expand their farming. The average pullet weight 14.5±0.12, 11.0±0.07, 12.0±0.22, and 12.8±0.17 g; age at the first lay 46.0±0.04, 42.0±0.31, 42.0±0.09, and 45.2±0.05 days; rearing period 15.0±0.01, 12.0±0.14, 15.0±0.32, and 15.2±0.18 months; culling period 15.5±0.14, 13.0±0.06, 15.0±0.03, and 15.4±0.26 months were for layer, parent stock, hatchery, and mixed farms, respectively. Most of the layer farms had an average egg production of ≤5000/day and net profit BDT 0.75/egg. However, an average number of birds, hatchability and net profit per day-old-chick were ≤5000, 76.8% and BDT 2.75, respectively, in the hatchery. Broiler quails were sold at 30 days with mean weight of 110.8 g and net profit BDT 9.02/bird. The major constraints of quail farming were higher feed price

  13. Distribution and metabolism of selenite and selenomethionine in the Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anan, Yasumi; Ohbo, Ai; Tani, Yuta; Hatakeyama, Yoshiko; Yawata, Ayako; Ogra, Yasumitsu

    2012-05-01

    Compared to the many studies on the physiological and toxicological effects of selenium (Se) in mammals, avian Se metabolism is still an unexplored topic. Some birds are useful as poultry for human nutrition. Moreover, birds belong to higher trophic levels in the biosphere and thus may play an important role in Se circulation in the ecosystem in the same way as mammals do. In this study, we analyzed the distribution and metabolism of Se in an experimental bird, the Japanese quail, which was fed drinking water containing sodium selenite or selenomethionine (SeMet). The highest concentration of Se was detected in the pancreas, followed by down feathers, liver, and kidneys. SeMet was more efficiently incorporated into the quail than selenite. The specific and preferable distribution of Se to the high molecular weight fraction in the serum of the quail was observed only in the SeMet-ingestion group. As in mammals, selenosugar and trimethylselenonium were the major metabolites in quail excreta. Three unknown Se metabolites were detected by HPLC-ICP-MS. Although part of the metabolic pathway of Se in the Japanese quail fed selenite and SeMet was the same as that observed in mammals, the bird also showed certain avian-specific metabolic process for Se.

  14. The development of ovary in quail's embryo | Rong | African Journal ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The experiment was conducted to study the development of ovary in quails' embryos which were incubated for 4 to 17 days and incubated out for 1 day. The quails' embryos or gonads were cut out and HE staining was carried out. The results showed that when embryo was hatched for 4 days, lots of primordial germ cells ...

  15. Quail FMO3 gene cloning, tissue expression profiling, polymorphism detection and association analysis with fishy taint in eggs.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fengtao Mo

    Full Text Available Quail eggs comprise a significant and favourable part of table eggs in certain countries. Some quail eggs, however, present fishy off-flavor which directly influences their quality. It is reported that flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3 is associated with fish-odour trait in human and animal products. FMO3 is responsible for the degradation of trimethylamine (TMA in vivo. Loss-of-function mutations in FMO3 gene can result in defective TMA N-oxygenation, giving rise to disorder known as "fish-odour syndrome" in human, as well as the fishy off-flavor in cow milk and chicken eggs. In order to reveal the genetic factor of fishy taint in quail eggs, we cloned the cDNA sequence of quail FMO3 gene, investigated FMO3 mRNA expression level in various tissues, detected SNPs in the coding region of the gene and conducted association analysis between a mutation and the TMA content in quail egg yolks. The 1888 bp cDNA sequence of quail FMO3 gene encoding 532 amino acids was obtained and characterized. The phylogenetic analysis revealed quail FMO3 had a closer relationship with chicken FMO3. The FMO3 mRNA was highly expressed in liver and kidney of quail. Nine SNPs were detected in the coding sequence of quail FMO3 gene, including a nonsense mutation (Q319X which was significantly associated with the elevated TMA content in quail egg yolks. Genotype TT at Q319X mutation loci was sensitive to choline. With addition of choline in the feed, the quails with homozygote TT at the Q319X mutation loci laid fish-odour eggs, indicating an interaction between genotype and diet. The results indicated that Q319X mutation was associated with the fishy off-flavor in quail eggs. Identification of the unfavorable allele T of quail FMO3 gene can be applied in future quail breeding to eliminate fishy off-flavor trait in quail eggs.

  16. Hematological and biochemical effects of chronic CO exposure on the Japanese quail

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jaeger, J.J.; McGrath, J.J.

    1975-01-01

    Japanese Quail were exposed to a concentration of 300 to 350 ppm CO to maintain an equilibrium carboxyhemoglobin concentration of 30% for a period of 4 weeks. Compared to a control group of birds maintained in an identical chamber, the CO-exposed quail demonstrated increases in hematocrit ratio and hemoglobin concentration. At the end of the exposure period, the CO-exposed quail had significantly larger plasma glucose concentrations than the control birds. Cardiac and skeletal muscle carbohydrate stores were not affected by chronic CO exposure.

  17. [Composition of chicken and quail eggs].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Closa, S J; Marchesich, C; Cabrera, M; Morales, J C

    1999-06-01

    Qualified food composition data on lipids composition are needed to evaluate intakes as a risk factor in the development of heart disease. Proximal composition, cholesterol and fatty acid content of chicken and quail eggs, usually consumed or traded, were analysed. Proximal composition were determined using AOAC (1984) specific techniques; lipids were extracted by a Folch's modified technique and cholesterol and fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Results corroborate the stability of eggs composition. Cholesterol content of quail eggs is similar to chicken eggs, but it is almost the half content of data registered in Handbook 8. Differences may be attributed to the analytical methodology used to obtain them. This study provides data obtained with up-date analytical techniques and accessory information useful for food composition tables.

  18. EVALUACIÓN DE LA RESISTENCIA DE UN AISLADO BACTERIANO NATIVO COMPATIBLE CON PSEUDOMONA SP. AL INSECTICIDA LORSBAN 4 EC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana María Quinchía

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la resistencia de un aislado bacteriano compatible con Pseudomona sp. frente al insecticida Lorsban 4EC (ingrediente activo Chlorpyrifos a escala de laboratorio. El aislado bacteriano se obtuvo a partir de un suelo del Oriente Antioqueño sometido a la aplicación del insecticida para el cultivo de pastos. Al suelo se le analizaron los principales factores que afectan la movilidad y adsorción del insecticida en él, se obtuvieron como resultados un porcentaje alto de materia orgánica, elementos mayores y menores así como media a alta capacidad de intercambio catiónico, lo que facilita la adsorción del plaguicida en su fracción coloidal de la micela orgánica e inorgánica. La textura franco arenosa del suelo genera buena aireación, que favorece los procesos de volatilización y degradación del plaguicida. El aislado bacteriano se expuso a diferentes concentraciones del insecticida (480 ppm, 4.800 ppm, 24.000 ppm y 48.000 ppm, evaluando de esta manera el efecto del agente sobre la población bacteriana. Según los resultados de los ensayos, la bacteria nativa compatible con Pseudomona sp. es resistente al insecticida con las concentraciones estudiadas y puede poseer la capacidad de degradar el insecticida.

  19. EXPLORACIÓN CON REDES NEURONALES ARTIFICIALES PARA ESTIMAR LA RESISTENCIA A LA COMPRESIÓN, EN CONCRETOS FIBROREFORZADOS CON ACERO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Octavio González Salcedo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En diseño y construcción de estructuras de concreto, la resistencia a la compresión a 28 días de curado es la especificación de control de estabilidad de la obra. La inclusión de fibras como reforzamiento de la matriz cementicia permite una ganancia en sus propiedades, además de obtener un material de alto desempeño. En las normativas, se plantean formulaciones predictivas de la resistencia a la compresión basadas en unos pocos parámetros de composición del concreto, tales como la relación agua/cemento y el contenido de cemento Portland. Por otra parte, también se han planteado métodos de diseños de concreto para definir la ponderación de sus materiales componentes, teniendo como referencia la resistencia a la compresión del concreto simple. Además, las redes neuronales artificiales, como un símil de las neuronas biológicas, han sido utilizadas como herramientas de predicción de la resistencia a la compresión en el concreto, también con referencia al concreto simple, sin reforzamiento con fibras. Los antecedentes en este uso muestran que es interesante desarrollar aplicaciones en los concretos reforzados con fibras. En el presente trabajo se elaboraron redes neuronales artificiales para predecir la resistencia a la compresión en concretos reforzados con fibras de acero. Los resultados de los indicadores de desempeño mostraron que las redes neuronales artificiales elaboradas pueden realizar una aproximación adecuada al valor real de la propiedad mecánica.

  20. Eyeworm infections of Oxyspirura petrowi, Skrjabin, 1929 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae), in species of quail from Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, USA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunham, N R; Kendall, R J

    2017-07-01

    Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and Scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) have been declining steadily throughout much of their historical range over the past few decades. Even the Rolling Plains of Texas, historically rich with wild quail and one of the last remaining quail strongholds, has been suffering a population decline, most notably since 2010. Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) have also been experiencing their own decline throughout their respective range, but not as significant as that of other species of quail. Eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) in quail have been recognized for years but not thoroughly studied until recently. New research reveals that O. petrowi infection can cause inflammation, oedema, and cellular damage to the eye of the quail host. The objective of this research was to better understand the prevalence of the eyeworm infection in different quail species, expand on known distribution, and determine if there is a relationship between location and species infected with eyeworms. Northern bobwhite, Scaled quail and Gambel's quail were hunter-donated from one county within Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and examined for the prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of eyeworm infection from November 2013 to February 2014. Quail from every location were found to have individuals with a varying degree of eyeworm infection. This is the first study to document eyeworm infection in Gambel's quail and in quail in New Mexico and Arizona, and reports the highest eyeworm infection found in Northern bobwhite and Scaled quail.

  1. Association of Tyrosinase (TYR and Tyrosinase-related Protein 1 (TYRP1 with Melanic Plumage Color in Korean Quails (

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ying Xu

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available TYR (Tyrosinase and TYRP1 (Tyrosinase-related protein 1 play crucial roles in determining the coat color of birds. In this paper, we aimed to characterize the relationship of TYR and TYRP1 genes with plumage colors in Korean quails. The SNPs were searched by cDNA sequencing and PCR-SSCP in three plumage color Korean quails (maroon, white and black plumage. Two SNPs (367T→C and 1153C→T were found in the coding region of TYRP1 gene, but had no significant association with plumage phenotype in Korean quails. The expression of TYR was higher in black plumage quails than that in maroon plumage quails. In contrast, the expression of TYRP1 was lower in black plumage quails than that in maroon plumage quails. This study suggested that the melanic plumage color in Korean quails may be associated with either increased production of TYR or decreased production of TYRP1.

  2. improving the hygienic quality of quail carcasses by gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nasr, E.H.A.

    2002-01-01

    this investigation aimed to use gamma irradiation doses as compared to chemical preservative sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp) for increasing the shelf-life and improving the hygienic quality of quail carcasses during cold and frozen storage. one hundred quail carcasses were examined for the presence of salmonella. the examination illustrated that 70 carcasses from all examined carcasses were positive for salmonella. therefore, the contaminated quail carcasses were gamma irradiated at 2,4,6 and 8 kGy doses and soaking in 3% stpp and the effect of these treatments on the organoleptic, microbiological aspects and chemical properties during cold (4±1 o C) and frozen storage (-18 o C) of samples under investigation were evaluated .the results indicated that, the chemical composition of samples did not alter by gamma irradiation and soaking in STPP treatments. furthermore, treatments had no deleterious effects on the organoleptic properties of quail samples. irradiation of samples at doses of 2,4,6 and 8 kGy or soaking in STPP greatly reduced its microbial count and prolonged its shelf- life for 12,15,21,24 and 9 days at 4±1 o C, respectively against only 6 days for control samples

  3. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) mitochondrial genome and a phylogenetic analysis with related species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishibori, M; Tsudzuki, M; Hayashi, T; Yamamoto, Y; Yasue, H

    2002-01-01

    Coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) has been classically grouped in Galliformes Phasianidae Coturnix, based on morphologic features and biochemical evidence. Since the blue-breasted quail has the smallest body size among the species of Galliformes, in addition to a short generation time and an excellent reproductive performance, it is a possible model fowl for breeding and physiological studies of the Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) and Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken), which are classified in the same family as blue-breasted quail. However, since its phylogenetic position in the family Phasianidae has not been determined conclusively, the sequence of the entire blue-breasted quail mitochondria (mt) genome was obtained to provide genetic information for phylogenetic analysis in the present study. The blue-breasted quail mtDNA was found to be a circular DNA of 16,687 base pairs (bp) with the same genomic structure as the mtDNAs of Japanese quail and chicken, though it is smaller than Japanese quail and chicken mtDNAs by 10 bp and 88 bp, respectively. The sequence identity of all mitochondrial genes, including those for 12S and 16S ribosomal RNAs, between blue-breasted quail and Japanese quail ranged from 84.5% to 93.5%; between blue-breasted quail and chicken, sequence identity ranged from 78.0% to 89.6%. In order to obtain information on the phylogenetic position of blue-breasted quail in Galliformes Phasianidae, the 2,184 bp sequence comprising NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and cytochrome b genes available for eight species in Galliformes [Japanese quail, chicken, Gallus varius (green junglefowl), Bambusicola thoracica (Chinese bamboo partridge), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Perdix perdix (gray partridge), Phasianus colchicus (ring-neck pheasant), and Tympanchus phasianellus (sharp-tailed grouse)] together with that of Aythya americana (redhead) were examined using a maximum likelihood (ML) method. The ML analyses on the first/second codon positions

  4. Influence of dietary protein and excess methionine on choline needs for young bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1982-01-01

    Experiments were conducted with young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to investigate the effect of differing dietary protein levels and nondetrimental amounts of excess methionine on choline needs. Growth and feed consumption of quail fed an adequate (27.3%) protein purified diet supplemented with 2000 mg/kg of choline were unaffected by increasing the level of excess methionine to 1.75%; however, greater amounts (2.0%, 2.25%) of excess methionine depressed growth (P less than .01), reduced feed consumption (P less than .01), and decreased feed utilization (P less than .05). Quail fed a purified diet containing 13.85% protein and 515 mg/kg of choline grew poorly. Growth was unaffected by additional choline in this diet. Growth was suboptimal among quail fed purified diets containing adequate or high (41.55%) levels of protein in which choline was limiting; however, a high level of protein did not in itself affect performance. Growth was improved by supplemental choline in these diets. Growth of quail fed purified diets with up to 1.35% excess methionine which were limiting (531 mg/kg) in choline was less than that of groups fed 2000 mg/kg of added dietary choline (P less than .01); however, excess methionine did not significantly influence growth of quail fed choline-deficient diets. These experiments indicate that neither high dietary protein nor excess methionine, fed at non-growth-depressing levels, increases dietary choline needs for young Bobwhite quail.

  5. De la resistencia gaitanista a la resistencia liberal; Villavicencio 1948- 1950

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Gómez Barrera

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A través de fuentes escritas y orales en el presente artículo se identifican: primero, las relaciones políticas entre la élite y los sectores populares en Villavicencio durante los años de 1948 a 1950; segundo, la existencia e influencia del movimiento gaitanista en Villavicencio; y tercero, movimientos insurgentes nacidos en la capital del Meta como forma de resistencia a la represión que ejerció el gobierno conservador contra el liberalismo entre los años de 1948 a 1953. A través de la historia de Villavicencio se obtiene una amplia visión de la Violencia y del sistema socio-político, tanto de la élite regional como de los sectores populares colombianos de mediados del siglo XX. De tal manera, que al unir la violencia de Villavicencio con el todo (Colombia, no sólo se logra la construcción del conocimiento histórico, sino el entendimiento y comprensión del proceso conocido en Colombia como la Violencia.

  6. Resistencia antimicrobiana en Hospitales nor-occidentales de Nicaragua

    OpenAIRE

    Herrera, Karen; Espinoza, Meylin; Mejía, Yaoli; Zambrana, Luis Enrrique; Silva, Erasmo; Rojas, Jency; Gadea, Walter; Chavarria, Sergio; Hernandez, Mario; Ramirez, María Mercedes; Membreño, Juana María; Lara, María Eugenia; Saenz, J. E.; Valle, S.; Torrez, A.

    2007-01-01

    En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento de la incidencia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana entre patógenos que causan infecciones intra-hospitalarias principalmente y también en la comunidad. La Resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema global de salud pública, promovido básicamente por el uso y abuso de los antibióticos. El fenómeno de la Resistencia antimicrobiana es un área prioritaria de investigación del Centro de investigación de enfermedades infecciosas y como parte de sus act...

  7. Identificación de genes candidatos de resistencia a sigatoka negra en variedades de banano y plátano

    OpenAIRE

    Saavedra, C.; Santos, E.

    2013-01-01

    El control químico y la selección de plantas resistentes continúan siendo las estrategias mayormente usadas para combatir la Sigatoka negra en la producción de banano. La ingeniería genética tiene el potencial para la generación de plantas con cierta resistencia/tolerancia al hongo, por lo que la aplicación de fungicidas sería reducida. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar genes candidatos de resistencia a la infección del hongo Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet causante de la Sigatoka...

  8. Nutritional potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails. Two hundred and forty quails were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet deficient in potassium (K (2.50 g/kg, supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, to reach levels of 2.50, 3.50, 4.50, 5.50 and 6.50 (g/kg of K in the diet. There was a quadratic effect of K levels on feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per egg dozen, estimating the requirements of 4.26, 4.41, 4.38, 4.43 and 4.48 (g/kg of K diet, respectively. There was no significant effect on the levels of K in the diet on egg weight, albumen weight, percentage of yolk or shell and yolk color. However, yolk and shell weights reduced and the albumen percentage increased linearly with increasing levels of K in the diet. Despite the reduction of shell weight, the increased levels of K did not influence the specific gravity and shell thickness. The use of 4.41 g/kg of potassium is recommended in the diet for laying Japanese quails.

  9. Expresión diferencial de proteínas en Leishmania (Viannia panamensis asociadas con mecanismos de resistencia a antimoniato de meglumina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald Guillermo Peláez

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Los mecanismos de resistencia al antimonio pentavalente conocidos hasta el momento,se han descrito ampliamente en cepas del subgénero Leishmania, pero poco se sabe sobre lasproteínas involucradas en los mecanismos de resistencia presentes en cepas del subgénero Viannia,como Leishmania panamensis. Objetivo. Identificar proteínas diferencialmente expresadas entre las cepas de L. panamensis(UA140, sensible y resistente al antimonio pentavalente, y analizar el posible papel de estas proteínasen mecanismos de resistencia. Materiales y métodos. Las proteínas de las cepas, sensible y resistente al antimonio pentavalente, secompararon usando electroforesis bidimensional. Las proteínas con aumento de la expresión fueronaisladas e identificadas por espectrometría de masas mediante MALDI-TOF/TOF (Matrix AssistedLaser Desorption Ionization/Time of Flight. La expresión del ARNm de cinco de estas proteínas secuantificó mediante PCR en tiempo real. Resultados. Los geles bidimensionales de las cepas sensible y resistente detectaron 532±39 y 541±43manchas proteicas. Se encontraron 10 manchas con aumento de la expresión en la cepa resistente,identificadas como proteínas de choque térmico (Hsp60 mitocondrial, Hsp70 mitocondrial y citosólica,isomerasa de disulfuro, proteasa de cisteína, enolasa, factor de elongación 5-α, la subunidad 5-α delproteasoma y dos proteínas hipotéticas nombradas como Sp(2 y Sp(25. Conclusión. Este es el primer estudio llevado a cabo con una cepa resistente al antimonio pentavalenteen L. panamensis, en el cual se han identificado proteínas que están relacionadas con el mecanismode resistencia del parásito frente al medicamento, abriendo el camino para futuros estudios de estasproteínas como blancos terapéuticos.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.392

  10. Influence of protein level and supplemental methionine in practical rations for young endangered masked bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1982-01-01

    A study was conducted to examine the protein requirement of young endangered masked Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi). Five practical starting rations containing 24 to 32% protein were fed alone and supplemented with methionine for 5 weeks. Supplemental methionine significantly improved growth of quail fed diets containing 24 and 26% protein. Increasing the protein level improved growth of quail fed unsupplemented diets but did not do so when diets contained supplemental methionine. A methionine-supplemented ration containing 24% protein appeared adequate for supporting rapid growth of masked Bobwhite quail.

  11. Representaciones sobre las normas de género: la resistencia al cambio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Martínez

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es producto de un trabajo de investigación realizado entre 2006 y 2009 en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Uno de los objetivos centrales de dicho estudio fue analizar las representaciones de las normas de género en varones y mujeres, y relacionar dichas representaciones con sus condiciones objetivas de existencia. En este escrito mostramos las articulaciones resultantes entre representaciones y condiciones objetivas -específicamente aquellas relativas a la posesión/carencia de capital económico y cultural-, poniendo en relieve la resistencia de las representaciones más tradicionales asociadas a las normas de género.

  12. Genetic evaluation of European quails by random regression models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flaviana Miranda Gonçalves

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to compare different random regression models, defined from different classes of heterogeneity of variance combined with different Legendre polynomial orders for the estimate of (covariance of quails. The data came from 28,076 observations of 4,507 female meat quails of the LF1 lineage. Quail body weights were determined at birth and 1, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. Six different classes of residual variance were fitted to Legendre polynomial functions (orders ranging from 2 to 6 to determine which model had the best fit to describe the (covariance structures as a function of time. According to the evaluated criteria (AIC, BIC and LRT, the model with six classes of residual variances and of sixth-order Legendre polynomial was the best fit. The estimated additive genetic variance increased from birth to 28 days of age, and dropped slightly from 35 to 42 days. The heritability estimates decreased along the growth curve and changed from 0.51 (1 day to 0.16 (42 days. Animal genetic and permanent environmental correlation estimates between weights and age classes were always high and positive, except for birth weight. The sixth order Legendre polynomial, along with the residual variance divided into six classes was the best fit for the growth rate curve of meat quails; therefore, they should be considered for breeding evaluation processes by random regression models.

  13. Resistencia a la oxidación de aleaciones Ni-Cr-Al plaqueadas por láser sobre aceros al carbono e inoxidables austeníticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    de Damborenea, J.

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available Laser surface cladding has been carried out by means of a 5 kW CO2 continuous wave laser on both a mild and a stainless steel. A powder injection technique has been used to deliver a Ni-Cr-Al alloy onto the steel molten pool. After processing, samples were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in order to know the microstructure and composition of present phases. High temperature corrosion resistance tests were done in an oxidant environment at temperatures of 950 °C. Phase transformations and corrosion behaviour are discussed. A general conclusion is the suitability of these alloys to bear oxidation due to the formation of protective oxide layers on their surface.

    Se realiza un estudio sobre la obtención de recubrimientos de superficie mediante un láser continuo de CO2 de 5 kW de potencia de salida. Mediante la técnica de inyección de partículas, se realizaron plaqueados en superficie de Ni-Cr-Al sobre un acero suave y otro inoxidable de tipo 316. Tras el procesado, se estudió la microestructura de las probetas obtenidas. Posteriormente, se procedió a su ensayo en atmósfera oxidante a 950 °C, observándose la evolución de la microestructura, la formación de las capas de óxido y la cinética del proceso. Como conclusión general, destaca, independientemente de la base sobre la que se obtienen los recubrimientos, la gran resistencia del material a la oxidación, seguramente debida a la formación de capas de alúmina que actúan como barreras frente al ataque del oxidante.

  14. Análisis proteómico de la resistencia inducida por micorrización al patógeno foliar Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris l.)

    OpenAIRE

    Quintero Zamora, Edalhí

    2014-01-01

    En los últimos años se han reportado diversos estudios sobre la resistencia inducida por micorrización al ataque de patógenos, en éstos se han determinado los cambios de expresión de genes y proteínas que ocurren en las raíces de plantas colonizadas por hongos micorrízicos arbusculares. Recientemente, se han iniciado estudios para entender cómo afecta esta interacción a la parte aérea de la planta. En nuestro grupo de investigación se llevó a cabo el estudio del efecto de la micorrizaci...

  15. Egg quality of quails fed low methionine diet supplemented with betaine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ratriyanto, A.; Indreswari, R.; Dewanti, R.; Wahyuningsih, S.

    2018-03-01

    This experiment investigated the effect of betaine supplementation to low methionine diet on egg quality of quails. A total of 340 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was divided into 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 17 quails each. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design. The four dietary treatments were the low methionine diet (0.3% methionine) without betaine supplementation and the low methionine diet supplemented with 0.07, 0.14, and 0.21% betaine. The experimental diets were applied for 8 weeks and the egg quality traits were measured at the age of 16 and 20 weeks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when the treatment indicated significant effect, it was continued to orthogonal polynomial test to determine the optimum level of betaine. Increasing dietary levels of betaine increased the fat content of the egg with the linear regression of y = 11.0949 + 4.1914x (R2 = 0.18). However, supplementation of betaine did not affect protein content, yolk, albumen, and eggshell percentage. It can be concluded that betaine supplementation up to 0.21% to low methionine diet only had little effect in improving the quality traits of quail eggs.

  16. Herencia de la resistencia al virus del mosaico deformante del pimentón PepDMV en Capsicum Inheritance of resistance to the deforming pepper mosaic virus, PepDMV, in Capsicum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Augusto García Dávila

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available En busca de determinar el modo de herencia de la resistencia en tres materiales resistentes, se hicieron cruzamientos hacia tres líneas susceptibles. Se siguió el método del retrocruzamiento propuesto por Warner (1952 fundamentado en el modelo matemático de Fisher Immer y Tedin (1932 descrito con detalle por Mater (1949 y Jenkins (1982, 1984 en el cual se descompone la varianza genética en tres componentes: aditiva, dominancia y epistática. El modelo del retrocruzamiento incluye los dos parentales, el hibrido de la primera generación y la autofecunfación de la F1 para formar la población F2 y las retrocruzas hacia ambos padres. Las poblaciones fueron evaluadas a resistencia al virus del mosaico del pimentón PepDMV en condiciones de invernadero. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo aditivodominancia explicó la resistencia en los híbridos formados entre materiales resistentes y susceptibles. Los genes con acción heredable transmiten a la descendencia el efecto de resistencia. La ganancia de la resistencia viral se da por la presencia de parentales resistentes.With the aim to determine the mode of inheritance in three resistant materials, crosses were performed towards three susceptible lines. We followed the backcrossing method used by Warner (1952, based on the mathematical model of Fisher Immer and tedin (1932, described in detail by Mater (1949 and Jenkins (1982, 1984. In this method the genetic variance is partitioned into three components: additive, dominant and epistatic. The backcross method includes the two parents, the F1 hybrid, and the self-pollination of the F1 to form the F2 population, and the backcrosses to both parents. The populations were evaluated for resistance to the pepper mosaic virusPepDMV in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the model additive-dominant explained the resistance in the hybrids formed between resistant and susceptible material. The genes with heritable action transmit to their

  17. Revisión del efecto del entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre el rendimiento de la resistencia y variables asociadas en distintas disciplinas (ciclismo, pedestrismo, triatlón, etc.)

    OpenAIRE

    Cragnulini, Franco Emmanuel

    2015-01-01

    El propósito de la presente revisión será analizar los resultados de distintas investigaciones en relación al tema mencionado con anterioridad y arribar a una conclusión que permita acercarnos a una respuesta de si resulta beneficioso o contraproducente acoplar el entrenamiento de la fuerza al programa de entrenamiento de la resistencia en deportes cíclicos (ciclismo, pedestrismo, triatlón, etc). El entrenamiento de la resistencia disminuye la actividad de las enzimas glucolítica...

  18. Estudio de la resistencia a la abrasión de capas vitrocerámicas depositadas sobre acero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez de Salazar, J. M.

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Wear test has been completed on two types of layered materials: a non-reinforced enamel plate and a ceramic reinforced enamel plate. The latter has been tested in two forms: with 10 wt. % and 20 wt. % ceramic particles reinforcement. For comparison the same test has also been completed on polished steel. Wear resistance was measure using a tribometer, equipped with a chromium steel sphere of 6 mm diameter. The sphere-plate surface contact area increases with distance covered, which in the polished steel provokes exponential increments in wear values. This exponential behaviour was not observed in the enamel plates due to their greater wear resistance. The reinforcement of the enamel plates with ceramic particles increases the wear resistance. A higher percentage of ceramic reinforcement results in a greater wear resistance of the plates.

    Se han realizado ensayos de desgaste, tanto en placas esmaltadas sin refuerzo como en esmaltes con distinto porcentaje de carga cerámica (10 y 20% en peso, y se han comparado frente al del acero base pulido. Las medidas de resistencia a la abrasión se han obtenido utilizado un tribómetro con bola de acero al cromo de 6 mm de diámetro. El aumento de la superficie de contacto bola-placa a medida que aumenta la distancia recorrida, provoca aumentos exponenciales en los desgastes en el caso del acero pulido. Sin embargo, en el caso de las chapas esmaltadas no se observa este comportamiento, debido a la mayor resistencia al desgaste de las mismas. Cuando las capas esmaltadas están reforzadas con cargas cerámicas, la resistencia al desgaste aumenta con el porcentaje de refuerzo cerámico.

  19. Annotated Draft Genome Assemblies for the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and the Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) Reveal Disparate Estimates of Modern Genome Diversity and Historic Effective Population Size.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oldeschulte, David L; Halley, Yvette A; Wilson, Miranda L; Bhattarai, Eric K; Brashear, Wesley; Hill, Joshua; Metz, Richard P; Johnson, Charles D; Rollins, Dale; Peterson, Markus J; Bickhart, Derek M; Decker, Jared E; Sewell, John F; Seabury, Christopher M

    2017-09-07

    Northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter bobwhite) and scaled quail ( Callipepla squamata ) populations have suffered precipitous declines across most of their US ranges. Illumina-based first- (v1.0) and second- (v2.0) generation draft genome assemblies for the scaled quail and the bobwhite produced N50 scaffold sizes of 1.035 and 2.042 Mb, thereby producing a 45-fold improvement in contiguity over the existing bobwhite assembly, and ≥90% of the assembled genomes were captured within 1313 and 8990 scaffolds, respectively. The scaled quail assembly (v1.0 = 1.045 Gb) was ∼20% smaller than the bobwhite (v2.0 = 1.254 Gb), which was supported by kmer-based estimates of genome size. Nevertheless, estimates of GC content (41.72%; 42.66%), genome-wide repetitive content (10.40%; 10.43%), and MAKER-predicted protein coding genes (17,131; 17,165) were similar for the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) assemblies, respectively. BUSCO analyses utilizing 3023 single-copy orthologs revealed a high level of assembly completeness for the scaled quail (v1.0; 84.8%) and the bobwhite (v2.0; 82.5%), as verified by comparison with well-established avian genomes. We also detected 273 putative segmental duplications in the scaled quail genome (v1.0), and 711 in the bobwhite genome (v2.0), including some that were shared among both species. Autosomal variant prediction revealed ∼2.48 and 4.17 heterozygous variants per kilobase within the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) genomes, respectively, and estimates of historic effective population size were uniformly higher for the bobwhite across all time points in a coalescent model. However, large-scale declines were predicted for both species beginning ∼15-20 KYA. Copyright © 2017 Oldeschulte et al.

  20. Immunotoxicity of trenbolone acetate in Japanese quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quinn, M.J.; McKernan, M.; Lavoie, E.T.; Ottinger, M.A.

    2007-01-01

    Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic androgen that is currently used as a growth promoter in many meat-exporting countries. Despite industry laboratories classifying trenbolone as nonteratogenic, data showed that embryonic exposure to this androgenic chemical altered development of the immune system in Japanese quail. Trenbolone is lipophilic, persistent, and released into the environment in manure used as soil fertilizer. This is the first study to date to assess this chemical's immunotoxic effects in an avian species. A one-time injection of trenbolone into yolks was administered to mimic maternal deposition, and subsequent effects on the development and function of the immune system were determined in chicks and adults. Development of the bursa of Fabricius, an organ responsible for development of the humoral arm of the immune system, was disrupted, as indicated by lower masse, and smaller and fewer follicles at day 1 of hatch. Morphological differences in the bursas persisted in adults, although no differences in either two measures of immune function were observed. Total numbers of circulating leukocytes were reduced and heterophil-lymphocyte ratios were elevated in chicks but not adults. This study shows that trenbolone acetate is teratogenic and immunotoxic in Japanese quail, and provides evidence that the quail immune system may be fairly resilient to embryonic endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced alterations following no further exposure posthatch.

  1. Comparison of the characteristics in hen and quail corneas as experimental models of refractive surgery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonçalves, G C; Pérez-Merino, P; Martínez-García, M C; Barcía, A; Merayo-Loves, J

    2016-07-01

    To compare the histological, morphological and the biophysical measurements between hen and quail corneas, in order to determine which of them were better suited for use as an animal model for research into corneal refractive surgery. A study was performed using the biophysical measurements of the cornea (curvature, thickness, refraction, and axial length) of 20 animals (10 hens and 10 quails). The corneas were then prepared for histological analysis under microscopy light. The analysis showed that both groups have the same number of corneal layers as the human cornea and with an evident Bowman's layer. The thickness of the hen cornea and axial length of the eye, 225.3±18.4μm and 12.8±0.25mm, respectively, were larger than that of the quail (Phen central cornea, 3.65±0.08mm, was greater than that for the quail (Ppower of each cornea was similar. The proportion of total corneal thickness of the hen stroma, 82.6%, was more similar to that of the human than was the quail stroma, 72.5%. Within the hen stroma, the density of keratocytes, 8.57±1.49 per 5,000μm(2), was about half that in the quail stroma (Phen cornea, the stromal thickness and proportional similarity of the corneal layers with human cornea, the hen maybe better than the quail as an alternative species suitable for use in studies of corneal refractive surgery. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  2. Effect Of Pyridoxine Injection In Japanese Quail Eggs On HATCHABILITY, Performance And Some Physiological Parameters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ELSAYED, M.A.; WAKWAK, M.M.; MAHROSE, KH.M.

    2010-01-01

    The present study was carried out at the poultry farm found in the Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during January 2009. A total number of two hundreds and seventy five quail eggs were used in an experiment of a completely randomized design to estimate hatchability percentage, chick weight at hatch, growth performance, some blood parameters and carcass traits of Japanese quails as affected by injecting their eggs with pyridoxine. Eggs were divided into 5 groups (55 eggs each); the first group (without injection) was served as control while the second group was injected in the width end of the egg with 500 μl saline. The third, fourth and fifth groups were injected in the width end of the Japanese quail eggs with 40, 80 and 120 μg pyridoxine, respectively, dissolved in 500 μl saline. Hatchability percentage, live body weight, daily body weight gain and some organ weights (liver, gizzard and heart) were studied. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for analyses. It was observed that the groups of quail eggs received 120 μg pyridoxine injection recorded the highest hatchability percent. Chick weight at hatch was non-significantly affected by saline solution injection. The birds hatched from the groups of quail eggs received 120μg pyridoxine recorded the highest live body weight, especially during the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks of age. The daily body weight gain was significantly affected by pyridoxine injection only during the intervals of 1 to 2, 3 to 4 and from 1 to 6 weeks of age. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations were highly significantly elevated in the birds hatched from the groups of quail eggs received 120μg pyridoxine than other groups. Serum AST activity was highly significantly increased in the birds hatched from the groups of quail eggs received 40 μg pyridoxine than other groups while serum ALT activity and calcium concentration were non

  3. Pathobiology and transmission of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bertran, Kateri; Dolz, Roser; Busquets, Núria; Gamino, Virginia; Vergara-Alert, Júlia; Chaves, Aida J; Ramis, Antonio; Abad, F Xavier; Höfle, Ursula; Majó, Natàlia

    2013-03-28

    European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) may share with Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) its potential as an intermediate host and reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). To elucidate this question, European quail were experimentally challenged with two highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) (H7N1/HP and H5N1/HP) and one low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) (H7N2/LP). Contact animals were also used to assess the viral transmission among birds. Severe neurological signs and mortality rates of 67% (H7N1/HP) and 92% (H5N1/HP) were observed. Although histopathological findings were present in both HPAIV-infected groups, H5N1/HP-quail displayed a broader viral antigen distribution and extent of microscopic lesions. Neither clinical nor pathological involvement was observed in LPAIV-infected quail. Consistent long-term viral shedding and effective transmission to naive quail was demonstrated for the three studied AIV. Drinking water arose as a possible transmission route and feathers as a potential origin of HPAIV dissemination. The present study demonstrates that European quail may play a major role in AI epidemiology, highlighting the need to further understand its putative role as an intermediate host for avian/mammalian reassortant viruses.

  4. Metabolic effects of quail eggs in diabetes-induced rats: comparison with chicken eggs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eric Lontchi-Yimagou

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Background: Quail eggs as a food item have recently been introduced into the diet of some Cameroonians. These eggs are being sold in local markets, but with many unfounded health claims. One claim is that quail eggs can reduce blood glucose levels in diabetics. It was therefore necessary to evaluate the effect of consuming quail eggs on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing, on average, 250 g were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 consisted of rats with normal blood glucose, and the other three groups (2, 3, and 4 consisted of diabetes-induced rats achieved by intravenous injection of streptozotocin. During 16 days, rats in groups 1 and 2 received distilled water; and rats in groups 3 and 4 received quail and chicken eggs, respectively, with gastroesophageal probe at a dose of 1 mL/200 g body weight. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined in all the groups on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 17th days after induction of diabetes. On the 17th day, the fasting rats were sacrificed, and blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Results: In 17 days, the consumption of quail and chicken eggs had no effect on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. Total cholesterol levels were higher in groups 3 (75.59 mg/dL and 4 (59.41 mg/dL compared to group 2 (55.67 mg/dl, although these differences were not significant (all p>0.05. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher (p <0.05 in groups 3 (106.52 mg/dL and 4 (109.65 mg/dL compared to group 2 (65.82 mg/dL. Quail eggs had no effect on oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides, and catalase. Conclusions: The consumption of quail eggs by diabetic rats at the tested dose had no effect on blood glucose level and oxidative stress parameters and may have a negative effect on lipid profile.

  5. El mundo del trabajo entre el disciplinamiento y la resistencia, Chile, 1973-1981

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paola López Dietz

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available El artículo estudia la política laboral de la dictadura y las expresiones de resistencia del movimiento sindical en Chile, entre 1971 y 1981. Durante este período se produjeron cambios importantes en la estructura económica, política y social del país como la reestructuración productiva, la implementación del modelo neoliberal y la represión al movimiento sindical. También se impuso un nuevo plan laboral que atomizó los sindicatos, limitó el derecho a huelga y prohibió las negociaciones colectivas por rama. Aun así, el movimiento sindical se organizó, en condiciones de represión y persecución, para luchar contra la dictadura y sus políticas laborales, llevando adelante una serie de acciones de resistencia como huelgas encubiertas, ausentismo laboral y movilizaciones.

  6. Influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sawosz, Ewa; Binek, Marian; Grodzik, Marta

    2007-01-01

    The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag-nano) on microbial profile of caecum and morphology of enterocytes in duodenum of Japanese quail, as a model animal for poultry. Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (10 d old) were randomly...... killed and samples of duodenum and caeca microflora were collected. This initial investigation demonstrated that silver nanoparticles did not influence emphatically microflora of quail caecum; however, water containing 25 mg/kg of Ag-nano significantly increased the population of lactic acid bacteria...

  7. Effect of Katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr suplementation in the diet on reproductive function of Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Subekti

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L Merr is known to contain carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin C, protein, and sterol compounds. This study was aimed to determine whether phytosterol in Sauropus androgynus (SA leaf affected the reproductive system of female quails. One hundred and fifty female quails were raised from 2-27 weeks old and divided into three dietary treatment, with five replicates and 10 quails in each replicate. The treatment diets were: 1 control group: diet without katuk leaf meal; 2 diet with 9% SA ethanol extract (TEK; 3 Diet containing 9% SA meal (TDK. The TDK-fed quails laid their first eggs at 46 day of age, compared with the TEK (52 day and the control groups (53 day. The highest fertility (94.55% and hatchability (93.29% were obtained from the TDK fed quails at the age of 23 and 24 weeks, respectively. These findings indicated that the reproductive system of female quails were improved not only by phytosterol in SA leaf, but also by the β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol in SA leaf.

  8. Evaluación de la resistencia a insecticidas de una cepa de Aedes aegypti de El Salvador Assessing the insecticide resistance of an Aedes aegypti strain in El Salvador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan A. Bisset Lazcano

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el nivel de susceptibilidad a insecticidas de una cepa de Aedes aegypti procedente de El Salvador y describir los posibles mecanismos de resistencia al temefós. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó una cepa de A. aegypti procedente del municipio de Soyapango, departamento de San Salvador, El Salvador. Mediante bioensayos se determinó la susceptibilidad de las larvas al insecticida organofosforado temefós y a tres piretroides (deltametrina, lambdacialotrina y cipermetrina y de los adultos a un insecticida organofosforado (clorpirifós. Se determinó el factor de resistencia (FR50 con respecto a una cepa sensible de referencia (Rockefeller. Se estableció el mecanismo de resistencia al temefós mediante el empleo de sustancias sinergistas, ensayos bioquímicos de actividad enzimática y zimogramas en gel de poliacrilamida. RESULTADOS: Las larvas de la cepa estudiada mostraron una alta resistencia al temefós (FR50 = 24,16. De las enzimas analizadas, se encontró que solo la esterasa A4 estaba vinculada al mecanismo de resistencia al temefós. Los mosquitos adultos resultaron susceptibles a la lambdacialotrina y al clorpirifós y su resistencia a la deltametrina y la cipermetrina quedó en la categoría de verificación. CONCLUSIONES: La resistencia al temefós podría reducir la eficacia del control químico del mosquito A. aegypti en la zona estudiada de El Salvador. Los insecticidas clorpirifós, lambdacialotrina y cipermetrina son buenos candidatos alternativos a utilizar en las nuevas intervenciones de control de este vector.OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of insecticide susceptibility of a certain Aedes aegypti strain found in El Salvador and to explain the mechanisms for its resistance to temephos. METHODS: An A. aegypti strain from the municipality of Soyapango, Department of San Salvador, El Salvador, was studied. Bioassays were used to determine the susceptibility of the larvae to the organophosphate insecticide temephos and to

  9. Characterization and Digestibility of Detoxified Castor Oil Meal for Japanese Quails

    OpenAIRE

    Santos,PA dos; Ludke,MCMM; Ludke,JV; Rabello,CBV; Santos,MJB dos; Torres,TR

    2015-01-01

    ABSTRACT These experiments were performed to determine the chemical composition, coefficients of nutrient and energy metabolizability, amino acid composition, and cytotoxicity of different castor oil meals subjected to different detoxification processes and added to the diet of Japanese quails. In the trial, 180 46-d-old female Japanese quails were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments and with replicates of six bird each. The treatments consisted of fol...

  10. Evaluación de la resistencia al cizallamiento por compresión y falla en madera de uniones encoladas en maderas nacionales e importadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Quagliotti

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la evaluación de la resistencia al cizallamiento por compresión y falla en madera de uniones encoladas en Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus taeda, Pinus eliottii, lapacho y cedro. El procedimiento se basó en las siguientes normas: ASTM D 5751-99, JIS K 6852-1994 y EN 205:1991. Las etapas más relevantes fueron las siguientes: encolado y corte de probetas, tratamientos de inmersión en agua a 30 ºC, 60 ºC, 100 ºC y ensayo en máquina universal. Se determinó la resistencia al cizallamiento por compresión, retención del poder adhesivo y porcentaje de falla en madera. Es posible concluir que el PVA no es un adhesivo para ser utilizado en ambientes de alta humedad, debido a los bajos valores de resistencia y porcentaje de falla comparados con los valores en seco, como se muestra en las especies  estudiadas luego de ser sometidas a los diferentes tratamientos. Cabe resaltar que, una vez realizados los tratamientos de inmersión, las probetas encoladas con isocianato de E. grandis tienen los valores de retención del poder adhesivo más altos, como también menor disminución del porcentaje de falla en madera en comparación con las otras especies estudiadas.AbstractThe results of the shear strength (by compression and wood failure of bond unions in Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus taeda, Pinus eliottii, Tabebuia ipe y Cedrela spp are shown in the present work. The process was based on the following standards: ASTM D 5751-99, JIS K 6852-1994 y EN 205:1991. The most relevant stageswere bonding and the cutting of samples, water immersion treatment (30, 60, 100 ºC and universal machine test. Shear strength, Ratio wet/dry shear and Wood Failure percentage were determined. As a conclusion, the PVA is not an adhesive to be used under high humidity conditions, due to the low values of shear strength and percentage of wood failure that the study species shown after water immersion treatment compared with the

  11. Studies on the protein and sulfur amino acid requirements of young bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1977-01-01

    Four experiments were conducted with purified diets to examine the influence of protein level and to estimate the sulfur amino acid (S.A.A.) requirement of young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). These studies demonstrated (I) that 26% protein was sufficient for rapid growth when the diet was supplemented with methionine; (2) that diets containing higher levels of protein (29.3% and 31.3%) failed to support satisfactory growth unless they contained supplemental methionine; and (3) that young Bobwhite quail require no more than 1.0% sulfur-containing amino acids for optimal growth and efficiency of feed utilization. A fifth experiment was conducted to examine the protein and S.A.A. requirements of young Bobwhite quail using practical rations and to compare results with those obtained with purified diets. Diets containing 24%, 26% and 28% protein were supplied with and without supplemental methionine in a five week study. Results showed significant growth responses to protein and supplemental methionine. Responses showed that Bobwhite quail require no more than 26% protein for maximum growth and efficiency of feed utilization when the S.A.A. level of the diet was approximately 1.0%. The results were in close agreement with those obtained with purified diets. These findings define more precisely than had been known the quantitative requirements of young Bobwhite quail for protein and for the S.A.A. necessary for optimal growth.

  12. Perfiles de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos clínicos de cocos Gram positivos provenientes de hospitales colombianos, 1994-2004

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César A. Arias

    2008-06-01

    Conclusión. Los aislamientos colombianos de S. pneumoniae mantienen susceptibilidad a las fluoroquinolonas de última generación. La resistencia a fluoroquinolonas es alta en S. aureus, especialmente en aislamientos resistentes a la meticilina (cercana al 100%.

  13. Resistencia de levaduras del género Candida al fluconazol Candida yeast´s resistance to fluconazol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Hernando Gómez Quintero

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Las infecciones por levaduras del género Candida sp. son cada vez más prevalentes en pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente en grupos de mayor riesgo como pueden ser pacientes con neoplasia hematológica bajo tratamiento de quimioterapia y en cuidados intensivos. La resistencia de Candida sp. representa un reto terapéutico que deja un menor número de posibilidades para el tratamiento de estas infecciones que se caracterizan, a su vez, por una alta morbimortalidad. Esta revisión describe los mecanismos de resistencia de Candida sp. a fluconazol y los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de éstos.Yeast infections of the genus Candida sp are becoming more prevalent in hospitalized patients, especially in high risk groups such as patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy and in intensive care units. Candida sp's resistance represents a therapeutic challenge that leaves fewer opportunities for the treatment of these infections which are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. This review describes Candida sp's resistance mechanisms to fluconazole and the risk factors for their acquisition.

  14. Nutritional requirements of digestible threonine for growing meat-type quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Silva Ton

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to estimate the nutrient requirements of digestible threonine for meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix sp in the growth phase. A total of 1350 not sexed meat-type quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six threonine levels (10.80, 11.50, 12.20, 12.90, 13.60 and 14.30 g/kg as fed, five replications and 45 quails per experimental unit, from 1 to 14 days of age. The threonine levels in the diet had a quadratic effect on body weight, feed intake and weight gain. Estimates for highest body weight (79.41 g, feed intake (128.96 g/bird and weight gain (70.73 g were observed with diets containing 12.60 g/kg of digestible threonine. According to the LRP model, the threonine intake was estimated at 13.40 g/kg of digestible threonine. Protein deposition rate and energy retained in the carcass showed quadratic effect, with estimated digestible threonine levels of 11.80 and 12.00 g/kg in the diet for maximum protein deposition rate (2.00 g/bird and retained energy in the carcass (15.88 kcal/g, respectively. There was a linear effect on feed cost per kg of live weight gain as threonine levels were increased. Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for meat-type quails for maximum growth is 12.60 g/kg, corresponding to a digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio of 67.02.

  15. Resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos: Una terrible amenaza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Malagón Londoño

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia microbiana a la acción de los antibióticos se cierne a pasos agigantados, algo que embarga la atención del mundo médico y preocupa hondamente al sector hospitalario. Crece el desconcierto y a veces la sensación de impotencia del profesional, con la natural desazón, angustia y desconfianza de las familias. Lo más selecto del mundo científico y de los organismos nacionales é internacionales (con la Organización Mundial de la Salud a la cabeza, adelantan grandes esfuerzos ante la arremetida de esos minúsculos organismos que propician uno de los más serios problemas de salud pública.

  16. The positive expression of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (Malaysian isolate in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizma Felisha Mazlan

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Aim: Genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV is the most predominant NDV strains that circulating in Malaysia; thus, this study was aimed to determine the susceptibility of Japanese quails toward genotype VII NDV. Clinical signs, gross pathological lesions of organs, positive detection of virus in organs and cloacal swabs, as well as the expression of the antibody titer, were used as parameters to assess the susceptibility of Japanese quails following infection of genotype VII NDV. Materials and Methods: About 20 quails were divided into three groups (n=8 for Groups A and B; n=4 for the control group. The quails in the Groups A and B were infected via intraocular route with 0.03 ml of 103.5 ELD50 and 107.0 ELD50 of NDV strain IBS 002, respectively, while the control group received 1x phosphate-buffered saline. Cloacal swabs and necropsy were taken on day 7 post-infection for all quails were subjected to one-step reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR for detection of virus and examination for gross pathological lesion, respectively. Blood serums of infected quails were taken on day 10, 14, and 21 post-day infections and were subjected for hemagglutination inhibition (HI assay. Results: Depression and ruffled feathers, trachea rales, leg paralysis, and torticollis were shown in some of the quails in both infected groups. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant difference (p>0.05 in clinical signs between the infected groups. The results for RT-qPCR were found to be negative for all groups, and no gross pathological lesions of organs observed for quails in both infected groups. Trachea, proventriculus, and cecal tonsil were taken for the detection of NDV by RT-qPCR, and some of the organ samples showed positive detection of virus in both infected groups. HI assay showed an increase in mean titers of antibody across time and between infected groups. Conclusion: In summary, Japanese quails

  17. Performance of Japanese quails fed diets with low-protein and isoleucine

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Graciene Conceição dos; Garcia, Edivaldo Antônio; Vieira Filho, Javer Alves; Molino, Andréa de Britto; Pelicia, Kleber; Berto, Daniella Aparecida

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT. Aiming to assess isoleucine levels in low protein diets for laying Japanese quails, 648 quails of 182 days of age were distributed in experimental block design with six treatments and six replicates of 18 birds each. Treatments consisted of a basal level corresponding to 0.672% isoleucine and supplemented with isoleucine to the levels of 0.816, 0.960; 1.104; 1.248%. The experimental diets were compared to a control diet containing 20% CP. The parameters studied were: performance, eg...

  18. POÉTICA DE RESISTENCIA EN ITXARO BORDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tina Escaja

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available La actitud reivindicativa y visionaria de la pluralidad (del cuerpo, el lenguaje, la sexualidad, la cultura y la geografía en la obra poética de Itxaro Borda es signo de celebración alternativa y de resistencia hacia los valores que impone una nacionalidad vasca unívoca, hipermasculina y fija que con frecuencia la autora vascofrancesa explícitamente denuncia. Su crítica al lenguaje/nación desde el lenguaje/nación que incorpora las diferencias, logra desarticular el discurso unívoco del poder, resistiendo esencialismos y jerarquías desde una «centralidad móvil» o movilidad periférica en la estética de alternancias que plantea su obra poética.

  19. Effect of Long-Term Hypodynamy on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Small Intestine in Japanese Quail Chicks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ľ. Lenhardt

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available The functional development of the small intestine was investigated in Japanese quail chicks subjected to simulated microgravity (hypodynamy on the second day after hatching and reared under these conditions to 63 days of age. On days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56 and 63 the activity of brush-border-bound alkaline phosphatase (AP in the duodenum and jejunum were determined in experimental animals as well as in control quail chicks housed in a floor box during these periods. As compared with control quails the experimental animals displayed a significantly increased enzyme activity until day 42 in the duodenum and day 35 in the jejunum (P < 0.001 whereas in older quails no significant enzymatic differences between these groups was found. However, a decrease in food consumption due to a partial physical constraint cannot be excluded. Moreover, the results suggested that the activity of AP in the control birds did not change substantially during all the periods examined. In contrast, in older hypodynamy quail the AP activity significantly decreased in the duodenum on days 56 and 63 and in the jejunum on days 42, 56 and 63, respectively. These results indicate that a the enhanced intestinal function in early periods of life may reflect the higher sensitivity of small intestine to simulated weightlessness, b the decrease of the AP activity in older animals to the level of controls might be considered as a part of intestinal mechanisms involved in adaptation of quail chicks to long-term hypodynamy, c different activity of AP in the small intestine of Japanese quail may not have resulted only from hypodynamy but also due to decreased food intake.

  20. Genetic characterization of egg weight, egg production and age at first egg in quails

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Marubayashi Hidalgo, A.; Martins, E.N.; Santos, A.L.; Quadros, T.C.O.; Ton, A.P.S.; Teixeira, R.

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters for the traits egg weight, egg production in 189 days and age at first egg in three laying quails and one meat line of quails. Data was analyzed by Bayesian procedures using Gibbs sampling. The heritability estimates for egg weight,

  1. Reduced mortality among young endangered masked bobwhite quail fed oxytetracycline-supplemented diets

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafin, J.A.

    1982-01-01

    Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of oxytetracycline-supplemented diets on mortality of young endangered masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi). Inclusion of oxytetracycline at 200 g per ton in the feed for 6 weeks resulted in a marked, significant reduction in mortality of young masked bobwhite quail raised in captivity. Including the antibiotic in feed during the first week of life reduced mortality as effectively as feeding it for a longer period.

  2. Primer reporte de la mutación F1534C asociada con resistencia cruzada a DDT y piretroides en Aedes aegypti en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Claudia Atencia

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La principal estrategia para el control de Aedes aegypti, vector de los virus del dengue, del chikungunya y del zika, se basa en la utilización de insecticidas con el fin de disminuir su población. Sin embargo, su uso ha implicado que el insecto desarrolle resistencia a estos agentes químicos. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de la mutación F1534C asociada con resistencia cruzada al DDT y los piretroides en mosquitos de la especie A. aegypti en Sincelejo, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló con nueve ejemplares de A. aegypti que mostraron resistencia a lambdacialotrina en bioensayos desarrollados por la Secretaría de Salud de Sucre. Se utilizó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR semianidada siguiendo la metodología descrita por Harris, et al., para amplificar el exón 31 del gen para del canal de sodio dependiente de voltaje de A. aegypti. Los productos de la PCR se secuenciaron, editaron y analizaron con el programa MEGA 5. Resultados. En todos los mosquitos evaluados se detectó la presencia del alelo silvestre y mutante del exón 31. En la secuencia de nucleótidos del alelo mutante, se observó la sustitución de timina por guanina, la cual produce el cambio del codón UUC por UGC y conlleva el reemplazo del aminoácido fenilalanina por cisteína en el residuo 1534 de la proteína. Conclusión. Los nueve mosquitos analizados presentaron un genotipo heterocigoto para la mutación F1534C, cuyo efecto fenotípico es la resistencia al “derribo” (knock-down resistance, kdr con DDT y piretroides.

  3. Estudio del comportamiento a fluencia en caliente de un acero avanzado de alta resistencia de bajo contenido en carbono NiCrVCu microaleado con boro

    OpenAIRE

    González Sala, Sara

    2009-01-01

    Una de las líneas de investigación prioritarias en el contexto internacional es el desarrollo de aceros avanzados de alta resistencia (AHSS) con excelentes propiedades de resistencia y tenacidad para aplicaciones en la industria automotriz, naval, aeronáutica y de generación de energía, que permitan disminuir el peso de los componentes y sustituyan aceros tradicionales de contenidos mayores de carbono. Los aceros AHSS microaleados al boro, debido a sus cualidades, tecnología de...

  4. Evaluación del grado de sellado marginal y resistencia adhesiva de restauraciones de resina compuesta con adhesivo convencional en dentición primaria y definitiva

    OpenAIRE

    Monsalves Bravo, Silvia Isabel; Terrazas Soto, Pedro; Toro Urbina, Georgina; Bader Mattar, Marcelo

    2014-01-01

    El presente estudio evaluó el grado de sellado marginal y resistencia adhesiva de restauraciones de resinas compuestas confeccionadas con un sistema adhesivo de grabado y lavado en dentición primaria y definitiva. Para realizar ambos test se utilizaron 20 piezas primarias y 20 piezas definitivas. En resistencia al cizallamiento, los dientes fueron seccionados longitudinalmente y se les adhirió un cilindro de resina compuesta, utilizando la técnica adhesiva de grabado y lavado para ambas denti...

  5. Resistencia Legítima frente al conflicto colombiano. Una reflexión teórica a partir de una Comunidad de Paz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Philipp Naucke

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo reflexiona sobre las opciones por parte de civiles de resistir pacíficamente en conflictos armados. Los argumentos desarrollados aquí se basan en una investigación de campo en la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colombia. El marco analítico y teórico por medio del cual se delimita en este artículo la aplicación del término ‘resistencia’, se basa en las consideraciones conceptuales de Hollander y Einwohner (2004 y en el concepto teórico de ‘resistencia legítima’ de O’Brien (1996. Después de un breve análisis del conflicto, describiremos los procesos socio-históricos de la zona de Apartadó, y las experiencias auto-organizativas de sus habitantes, las cuales favorecieron la conformación de esta iniciativa de paz. El análisis de las dimensiones y de los objetivos de la resistencia de la Comunidad de Paz permite reconceptualizar la idea de ‘resistencia legítima’ de O’Brien.

  6. Egg-laying substrate selection for optimal camouflage by quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lovell, P George; Ruxton, Graeme D; Langridge, Keri V; Spencer, Karen A

    2013-02-04

    Camouflage is conferred by background matching and disruption, which are both affected by microhabitat. However, microhabitat selection that enhances camouflage has only been demonstrated in species with discrete phenotypic morphs. For most animals, phenotypic variation is continuous; here we explore whether such individuals can select microhabitats to best exploit camouflage. We use substrate selection in a ground-nesting bird (Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica). For such species, threat from visual predators is high and egg appearance shows strong between-female variation. In quail, variation in appearance is particularly obvious in the amount of dark maculation on the light-colored shell. When given a choice, birds consistently selected laying substrates that made visual detection of their egg outline most challenging. However, the strategy for maximizing camouflage varied with the degree of egg maculation. Females laying heavily maculated eggs selected the substrate that more closely matched egg maculation color properties, leading to camouflage through disruptive coloration. For lightly maculated eggs, females chose a substrate that best matched their egg background coloration, suggesting background matching. Our results show that quail "know" their individual egg patterning and seek out a nest position that provides most effective camouflage for their individual phenotype. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Determining population trends and conservation status of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix in Western Europe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Puigcerver, M.

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper we review the conservation status and population trends of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix from 1900 to the present. Data are sometimes contradictory with regard to the status of this species as it has some features that make it difficult to produce reliable population estimates. Recent data clearly suggest, either at a local scale or at a trans–national scale, that the Atlantic common quail populations have remained stable in the last two decades, and that restocking practices with farm–reared quails (hybrids with the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica do not affect our estimates. The complex movement patterns showed by this species require special attention. Analysis of ring recoveries can give important information, especially about the nomadic movement of quails in search of suitable habitats after the destruction of winter cereal crops due to harvesting. Thus, when developing a breeding distribution model for this species, continuously updated information on seasonal habitat and weather must be included for optimal prediction. Including fortnightly data of vegetation indices in distribution models, for example, has shown good results. Obtaining reliable predictions about changes in species distribution and movements during the breeding period could provide useful knowledge about the conservation status and population trends and would help in the design of future management measures.

  8. Isolation and serological differentiation of a herpesvirus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus, L. 1758).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaleta, E F; Marschall, H J; Glünder, G; Stiburek, B

    1980-01-01

    An infectious agent was isolated from the liver of bobwhite quails (Colinus virginianus, L. 1758). The agent was sensitive to chloroform and its multiplication was inhibited by 5-iodine-2-deoxy-uridine. It passed filters with a pore diameter of 220 nm and more but not 100 nm filters. Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous nucleocapsids with hollow capsomeres and few enveloped particles in the supernatant fluids of infected cultures. The nucleocapsids were calculated to have 162 capsomeres on their surface. Using the plaque reduction method for neutralization tests no serological cross reactions could be detected between the quail isolate and sera against Marek's disease virus, turkey herpes-virus (HV), duck enteritis HV, infectious laryngotracheitis HV, amazon parrot HV, great horned owl HV, eagle owl HV, snowy owl HV, falcon HV, pigeon HV, Lake Victoria Cormorant HV, and stork HV. The isolate from bobwhite quail did only cross-react with antiserum against crane HV. It is concluded that the isolated virus is a member of the avian herpesvirus group and it is proposed to tentatively term it herpesvirus colinum (from Colinus virginianus = bobwhite quail).

  9. Evaluation of quail and chicken embryos for the detection of botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, E and F activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Comparison of quail (Coturnix japonica) and chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos for the detection of BoNT/A activity was conducted using equal dosages of toxin/g of embryo (quail at 7 g and chickens at 48 g). Quail embryos were injected at 0, 0.5 to 50 ng adn chicken embryos at 0, 3.4 to 342 ng and...

  10. EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE LA RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE UN ACERO AISI-SAE 4140 IMPLANTADO CON IONES DE NITRÓGENO

    OpenAIRE

    PEÑA, DARIO; FONTALVO, PAOLA; ESTUPIÑAN, HUGO; NIÑO, DANNIER; VESGA, WILSON

    2009-01-01

    Se estudió la resistencia a la corrosión de un acero AISI-SAE 4140 implantado con iones de Nitrógeno mediante la técnica 3DII (Implantación Iónica Tridimensional). Se evaluaron diferentes rugosidades de las muestras implantadas mediante técnicas electroquímicas de Rp, EIS y Tafel en una salmuera al 3% de NaCl, donde se obtuvo la mayor resistencia a la corrosión para el material implantado con menor rugosidad. Se produjo la formación de una posible capa protectora estable con la inmersión de l...

  11. Comparative toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), in chickens, quails, and turkeys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frank, A A; Reed, W M

    1990-01-01

    Coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), was administered by gavage to immature chickens, quails, and turkeys at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight. At 25 mg coniine/kg body weight, clinical signs were observed only in quails (2/10) and consisted of excitement, depression, hypermetria, seizures, opisthotonos, and flaccid paralysis. Chickens (9/10) and quails (8/10) dosed at 50 mg/kg body weight were affected, and several birds of each species died (2/10 and 5/10, respectively). Turkeys (7/10) were affected only when dosed at 100 mg/kg body weight, and quails (6/10), turkeys (4/10), and chickens (10/10) died at this dose. There were no gross or microscopic lesions. Coniine was detected in skeletal muscle and liver of birds dying after ingestion and was present in some survivors 7 days post-treatment.

  12. Resistencia al ácido acetil salicílico en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria Acetylsalicylic acid resistance in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boris E. Vesga

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la anti-agregación plaquetaria es "piedra angular" en el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular. El ácido acetil salicílico es la terapia de elección en dosis entre 81-325 mg para la prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria. Objetivo: caracterizar la agregación plaquetaria en sujetos con enfermedad coronaria estable, consumidores de ácido acetil salicílico, para determinar la prevalencia de resistencia. Metodología: previa aprobación por los Comités de Ética y de Investigaciones de la Institución, se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en sujetos de 40 años y mayores, con diagnóstico de angina estable que ingresaron para realización de angiografía coronaria. Se obtuvo una muestra de sangre venosa periférica para determinar la agregación plaquetaria mediante ácido araquidónico, epinefrina, colágeno y ADP en un agregómetro HELENA PACKS-4. La resistencia al ácido acetil salicílico se definió al tener agregaciones con ácido araquidónico mayores al 20%. El análisis estadístico se desarrolló con la prueba exacta de Fisher, prueba t de Student y Mann-Whitney de acuerdo con la distribución de las variables. Resultados: se incluyeron 71 sujetos; 51 (71,8% varones, edad 63,5 ± 9,4 años. Con factores de riesgo: 52 (73,2% con dislipidemia, 48 (67,6% con hipertensión arterial, 15 (21,1% con diabetes mellitus y 9 (12,7% con tabaquismo. Angiografía coronaria con enfermedad de 1 vaso en 31 (15,9%, y enfermedad multivaso en 58 (81,7%. Los valores de agregometría plaquetaria obtenidos fueron: ADP 64 ± 19,1%, colágeno 72 ± 18,9%, epinefrina 43,8 ± 23,9% y ácido araquidónico 26,1 ± 33,7%, siendo este el mejor marcador del efecto del ácido acetil salicílico. La prevalencia de resistencia fue de 28,2% (IC 95%: 18,1-40,1. Conclusión: la resistencia al ácido acetil salicílico en nuestra población es altamente prevalente, por lo que se debe considerar la medición de rutina de la

  13. Spatial orientation in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tim Ruploh

    Full Text Available Finding a given location can be based on a variety of strategies, for example on the estimation of spatial relations between landmarks, called spatial orientation. In galliform birds, spatial orientation has been demonstrated convincingly in very young domestic chicks. We wanted to know whether adult Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica without food deprivation are also able to use spatial orientation. The quails had to learn the relation of a food location with four conspicuous landmarks which were placed in the corners of a square shaped arena. They were trained to find mealworms in three adjacent food cups in a circle of 20 such cups. The rewarded feeders were located during training between the same two landmarks each of which showed a distinct pattern. When the birds had learned the task, all landmarks were displaced clockwise by 90 degrees. When tested in the new situation, all birds redirected their choices with respect to the landmark shift. In subsequent tests, however, the previously correct position was also chosen. According to our results, quails are using conspicuous landmarks as a first choice for orientation. The orientation towards the previously rewarded location, however, indicates that the neuronal representation of space which is used by the birds also includes more fine grain, less conspicuous cues, which are probably also taken into account in uncertain situations. We also presume that the rare orientation towards never rewarded feeders may be due to a foraging strategy instead of being mistakes.

  14. Detection of botulinum toxin types A, B, E, and F activity using the quail embryo

    Science.gov (United States)

    We recently demonstrated an effective new model for the detection of botulinum toxin type A using quail embryos in place of the mouse model. These experiments demonstrated that the Japanese quail embryo at 15 days of incubation was an effective vertebrate animal model to detect the activity of botu...

  15. La evolución de la resistencia bacteriana en México, 1973-2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos es un problema de salud mundial. Las investigaciones relacionadas con este problema emergente son indispensables para reconocer y desarrollar programas para su vigilancia y control. Objetivo. Revisar y comentar las contribuciones de los investigadores mexicanos en el área de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica relacionada con la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos producida por investigadores mexicanos y registrada en Medline-PubMed entre 1973 y julio de 2013. Resultados. En 66 publicaciones, las contribuciones de investigadores mexicanos incluyeron datos sobre la resistencia de agentes patógenos entéricos como Salmonella Typhi, múltiples contribuciones sobre la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido, de metalobetalactamasas y de carbapenemasas, los mecanismos de resistencia en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y la evolución de la resistencia en cocos Gram positivos como Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus spp., entre otros. Conclusiones. Los datos publicados en los últimos 40 años son fuente adecuada para entender la evolución de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos y desarrollar programas para su control.

  16. Enhancement of parathion toxicity to quail by heat and cold exposure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rattner, B.A.; Becker, J.M.; Nakatsugawa, T.

    1987-01-01

    Effects of ambient temperature on the acute oral toxicity of parathion were investigated in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) maintained at thermoneutral temperature (26.degree. C) or exposed to elevated (37.degree. C) or reduced (4.degree. C) temperatures commonly encountered by free-ranging wild birds. Based upon estimates of the median lethal dosage, there was up to a two-fold enhancement of parathion toxicity in birds chronically exposed to heat or cold. Twenty-four hours after administration of a low dosage (4 mg/kg body wt, po), there was markedly greater cholinesterase inhibition in surviving heat-exposed quail compared with those reared at 26.degree. C (e.g., brain acetylcholinesterase depression of 42% versus 12%). There were no differences in hepatic activities of parathion oxidase, paraoxonase, or paraoxon deethylase which could account for greater toxicity to chronically heat-exposed birds. In contrast, 4 mg parathion/kg wt elicited less plasma cholinesterase inhibition in cold-exposed quail compared to thermoneutral controls (e.g., birds is substantially influenced by environmental temperature.

  17. Performance of Japanese quails fed diets with low-protein and isoleucine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciene Conceição Santos

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Aiming to assess isoleucine levels in low protein diets for laying Japanese quails, 648 quails of 182 days of age were distributed in experimental block design with six treatments and six replicates of 18 birds each. Treatments consisted of a basal level corresponding to 0.672% isoleucine and supplemented with isoleucine to the levels of 0.816, 0.960; 1.104; 1.248%. The experimental diets were compared to a control diet containing 20% CP. The parameters studied were: performance, egg quality, total solids and nitrogen in the excreta. There was a linear increase only for isoleucine intake with increasing levels of isoleucine in the diets. The comparison of mean values of each combination of isoleucine levels for diets with 16% CP with the control with 20% CP showed that the intake of CP and isoleucine, egg weight, nitrogen excretion and yolk color were significantly affected. For Japanese quail fed diets with 16% CP, with isoleucine level at 0.672%, meets the requirements for obtaining satisfactory performance and egg quality and promoted a reduction in nitrogen excretion.

  18. Pb Speciation Data to Estimate Lead Bioavailability to Quail

    Data.gov (United States)

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Linear combination fitting data for lead speciation of soil samples evaluated through an in-vivo/in-vitro correlation for quail exposure. This dataset is associated...

  19. Series de tiempo de asociación entre el uso de ertapenem dosis diaria definida por 100 días de estancia y la resistencia a carbapenemicos en enterobacterias en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael entre 2007 y 2009

    OpenAIRE

    Narváez Mejía, Álvaro Javier

    2011-01-01

    La resistencia a carbapenemes es un evento, que en los últimos años se ha aumentado en la familia de las Enterobacteriaceae. Debido a que el uso de antimicrobianos lleva indefectiblemente al desarrollo de resistencia, el estudio de las relaciones entre el consumo de antibióticos y la resistencia bacteriana despierta desde hace años un gran interés, la vigilancia de este evento provee la información sobre la magnitud y la tendencia de la resistencia de los diferentes microorganismos y esta mon...

  20. Thomas Hobbes: la resistencia política al Leviatán || Thomas Hobbes: Political Resistance To Leviathan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Alejandro Fernández Peychaux

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En el presente artículo se presentan cuatro claves de lectura de la obra de Thomas Hobbes desde las que fundamentar una noción de resistencia. Este aporte busca, en otras palabras, crear las condiciones de posibilidad de un debate filosófico ofuscado por el mito recurrente sobre el supuesto monstruo de Malmesbury. Una vez hecho esto, se propone delinear las bases de un enfoque metodológico que parta de dicha noción de resistencia. De ese modo, se fundamentaría el primer paso hacia una apropiación ?o expropiación? contemporánea de la matriz hobbesiana de la relación obediencia-seguridad   ABSTRACT This article presents four key of readings about Thomas Hobbes's work, from which it supports a particular notion of resistance. In others words, this contribution searches to create the conditions of posibility for a philosophical debate obfuscated by the recurrent myth about the monster of Malmesbury. Once done that, I offer setting the bases of a metodological aproach which stars from this notion of resistance. Thus, I would back the first step towards a contemporary appropriation ?or expropriation? of the obedience-security relationship within the Hobbesian matrix.  

  1. Thomas Hobbes: la resistencia política al Leviatán || Thomas Hobbes: Political Resistance To Leviathan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Alejandro Fernández Peychaux

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En el presente artículo se presentan cuatro claves de lectura de la obra de Thomas Hobbes desde las que fundamentar una noción de resistencia. Este aporte busca, en otras palabras, crear las condiciones de posibilidad de un debate filosófico ofuscado por el mito recurrente sobre el supuesto monstruo de Malmesbury. Una vez hecho esto, se propone delinear las bases de un enfoque metodológico que parta de dicha noción de resistencia. De ese modo, se fundamentaría el primer paso hacia una apropiación ?o expropiación? contemporánea de la matriz hobbesiana de la relación obediencia-seguridad   ABSTRACT This article presents four key of readings about Thomas Hobbes's work, from which it supports a particular notion of resistance. In others words, this contribution searches to create the conditions of posibility for a philosophical debate obfuscated by the recurrent myth about the monster of Malmesbury. Once done that, I offer setting the bases of a metodological aproach which stars from this notion of resistance. Thus, I would back the first step towards a contemporary appropriation ?or expropriation? of the obedience-security relationship within the Hobbesian matrix.

  2. DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM THREONINE REQUIREMENTS OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica CHICKS REARED UNDER TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isaac Samuel

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Threonine, like most amino acids, is traditionally noted for its role in protein synthesis. However, dietary threonine concentration required for the maximum performance of Japanese quails is yet to be determined, therefore, a study was conducted to determine the optimum threonine requirement of Japanese quail chicks in the tropical environment. A total of four hundred and fifty, two weeks old quail chicks (mixed sexes were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (0.67, 0.81, 0.95, 1.08 and 1.22 % total threonine and replicated thrice in a completely randomized design (CRD. There were no significant differences (P>0.05 in average weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio and age at first lay of quails fed the dietary treatments. Weight of first egg laid was significantly (P0.05 similar for all treatments. There were significant differences (P0.05. It was concluded that the performance of birds were not influenced by the dietary treatments up to the highest dietary level of threonine studied (1.22%. Therefore, it is possible that the optimum dietary level of threonine may be above 1.22 %. Further studies will be necessary to establish higher doses of dietary threonine requirement of Japanese quails reared under tropical climatic environment.

  3. Effect of Transient Treatment with Propylthiouracil on Some Reproduction Traits and Live Weight of Japanese Quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B Sogut

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transient treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU on some reproduction traits and live weight of quails. The trial lasted 8 weeks. To accomplish this goal, 700 1-day-old quail chicks were used, randomly divided into 8 groups. PTU was added to feed by 0.1% and 0.5% /wt. The first 4 groups had 0.5% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 and 2-8 wk., respectively. The 5 th, 6 th and 7 th groups had 0.1% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 wk., respectively, and the 8 th group was the control with no PTU. Quails were bled at 60 days of age. Then right and left testes were taken out and weighed. At the end of the trail, least square means of the live weight of the treatment groups were higher than the control (p<0.05. Similar results (p<0.05 were observed for testis weight, testis diameter and fertility rate. As a result, it can be said that the inclusion of PTU in quail rations positively affects the live weight and reproduction traits of quails.

  4. Normas para la determinación de las resistencias del cemento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meyer, A.

    1964-09-01

    Full Text Available Not availableTodas las normas de cemento contienen disposiciones sobre el ensayo de resistencia, ya que la resistencia constituye, generalmente, la base de la que se parte para determinar la calidad del cemento. Como las normas de los distintos países no suelen ser iguales, el ensayo de un mismo cemento, hecho según cada una de ellas, da unas cifras muy diferentes, lo cual dificulta considerablemente la comparación de la resistencia de un cemento entre los distintos métodos de ensayo.

  5. Short-term spatial memory responses in aged Japanese quail selected for divergent adrenocortical stress responsiveness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suhr, C L; Schmidt, J B; Treese, S T; Satterlee, D G

    2010-04-01

    Stress-induced glucocorticoids can dampen learning and spatial memory via neuronal damage to the hippocampus. Cognition losses can be transient (associated with acute stress episodes) or permanent as in aged individuals who show chronic glucocorticoid-induced accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration (dementia). Thus, chronic versus acute stress effects on spatial memory responses of quail selected for reduced (low stress, LS) or exaggerated (high stress, HS) plasma corticosterone (B) response to brief restraint were assessed. Aged food-motivated male LS and HS quail were tested for 10 min in a feed-baited 8-arm radial arm maze (RAM) 1) at 255 d of age (quail who had experienced lifelong management stressors but who were otherwise never intentionally stressed; that is, chronically stressed birds), 2) on the next day post-acute stressor treatment (5 min of restraint), and 3) on the next day without treatment (acute stress recovery). The RAM tests used the win-shift procedure in which visited arms were not rebaited. Radial arm maze performance was measured by determination of the total number of arm choices made, the number of correct entries made into baited arms out of the first 8 choices, the time required to make a choice, and the number of pellets eaten. Line effects (P LS), and number of pellets eaten (HS RAM testing nor its interaction with line further influenced these variables. Thus, although selection for divergent plasma B responsiveness to an acute stressor was found to be associated with severe impairment of spatial memory in aged male HS compared with LS quail, the observed spatial memory impairments (HS > LS) could not be further altered by acute stressor treatment. Line differences in cognition may reflect lifelong management-induced stress episodes that periodically produce higher plasma B responses in HS than LS quail, which underlie HS quail memory deficits, or other etiologies, or both.

  6. Effect of feed supplement containing earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) on production performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Istiqomah, L.; Sakti, A. A.; Suryani, A. E.; Karimy, M. F.; Anggraeni, A. S.; Herdian, H.

    2017-12-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed supplement (FS) contained earthworm meal (EWM) on production performance of laying quails. Twenty weeks-old of 360 Coturnix coturnix japonica quails were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three dietary treatments A = CD (control without FS), B = CD + 0.250 % of FS, and C = CD + 0.375 % of FS during 6 weeks of experimental period. Each treatment in 4 equal replicates in which 30 quails were randomly allocated into 12 units of cages. Variable measured were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, mortality rate, hen day production, egg weight, and egg uniformity. Data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and the differences among mean treatments are analysed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that administration of 0.375% FS based on earthworm meal, fermented rice bran, and skim milk impaired the feed conversion ratio and increased the feed efficiency. The experimental treatments did not effect on feed intake, mortality, hen day production, egg weight, and egg uniformity of quail. It is concluded that administration of feed supplement improved the growth performance of quail.

  7. Lighting programs for male and female meat quails (Coturnix coturnix) raised in equatorial region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aguiar, G C; Freitas, E R; Watanabe, P H; Figueiredo, C W S; Silva, L P; Nascimento, G A J; Lima, R C; Nepomuceno, R C; Sá, N L

    2017-09-01

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for male and female meat quails raised in an equatorial region on performance and carcass traits. A total of 1,500 sexed quails (Coturnix coturnix) was distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 2 sexes (male and female) and 3 lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with 5 replicates of 50 birds. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age, being natural (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 11 h and 30 min of dark), intermittent (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 5 h and 30 min of artificial light, alternating lighting periods with one h and 06 min and periods of darkness with one h and 12 min), and continuous (23 h of natural + artificial light and one h of dark). Regardless of lighting program, female quails were heavier than males, and birds subjected to natural light weighed less than those exposed to continuous and intermittent lighting programs. Quails exposed to intermittent and continuous light presented higher weight gain and feed intake, and worse feed conversion ratio compared to birds under a natural light regimen. It is concluded that in an equatorial region, it is possible to use a lighting program with only natural light for raising male and female meat quails from 7 to 49 d of age. © 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.

  8. Age Maturity of Female Japanese Quails Fed Diets Containing Katuk Leave Meal (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R Wiradimadja

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available This experiment was conducted to study the effects of katuk leave meal on sexual maturity in Japanese quail. Three hundred female Japanese quails, with 4 weeks age, were assigned into a completely randomized design with 4 treatments i.e., R1 (diet with neither katuk leave meal nor cholesterin, R2 (diet without katuk leave meal + 0.10% cholesterin, R3 (diet with 15% katuk leave meal without cholesterin, and R4 (diet with 15% katuk leave meal + 0.10% cholesterin. The parameters measured were estradiol hormone in plasma, and age maturity (five percent henday production. Estradiol hormone was measured with Radioimmunoassay. The data were collected and analyzed by using completely randomized design. The results showed that the addition of 15% katuk leave meal in the diet significantly decreased the estrogen concentration (P<0.05, so that slow down on the age maturity of female Japanese quail. (Animal Production 9(2: 67-72 (2007Key Words : Katuk leave meal, estradiol hormone, age maturity, quail

  9. The influence of a probiotic supplementation on memory in quail suggests a role of gut microbiota on cognitive abilities in birds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parois, Severine; Calandreau, Ludovic; Kraimi, Narjis; Gabriel, Irène; Leterrier, Christine

    2017-07-28

    The gut microbiota is involved in host behaviour and memory in mammals. Consequently, it may also influence emotional behaviour and memory in birds. Quail from two genetic lines with different fearfulness (LTI: long tonic immobility, n=37; STI: short tonic immobility, n=32) were either or not supplemented with a probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici) from hatching. Emotional reactivity was measured in a tonic immobility test (d6 and 7 of age) and two open-field tests (d13-15; d22-24). Memory was measured in a test rewarded with mealworms, where quail had to remember the cups previously visited (d34-36). Quail endured a 5-days stress period from days 17 to 21 to help revealing the potentially beneficial effect of the probiotic. As expected, STI quail were less fearful compared to the LTI quail (p0.05), except in the tonic immobility test where supplemented STI quail had lower immobility duration (p=0.0001). Regarding the memory test, the two lines had similar performances. Quail fed with probiotics made fewer errors (p=0.040). There was no significant correlation between traits of emotional reactivity and of memory. In conclusion, the supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici as a probiotic, affected a specific trait of emotional reactivity in STI quail, and improved memory in both lines, whichstrengthens the idea that the influence of gut microbiota on the host behaviour and memory seen in mammals is shared by birds. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. The effect of organic quail egg supplementation on the blood lipid profile of white mice (Rattus Norvegicus L.) during the lactation period

    Science.gov (United States)

    lestari purba, Sri; Rini Saraswati, Tyas; Isdadiyanto, Sri

    2018-05-01

    Background: Quail eggs contain a considerable amount of complete nutritional sources such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micronutrients. However, they also have a high cholesterol level, which can potentially cause atherosclerosis and chronic heart diseases. The response of the body to foods containing is influenced by factors such as ethnicity, genetics, and hormonal and nutrient status of the consumer. The cholesterol level of quail eggs can be reduced by manipulating the feed using supplemental organic feed. Organic quail eggs have been believed to correct the lipid profile of white mice during the lactation phase. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of feed containing organic quail eggs on the blood lipid profile of white mice (Rattus norvegicus L.) during the lactation phase. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted using a completely randomized design with four experiments and five repetitions. Experimental mice: T0 mice were used as control; T1 mice were supplemented with quail eggs produced by quails that were fed with standard feed; T2 mice were supplemented with eggs produced by quails fed with standard organic feed; and T3 mice were supplemented with eggs produced by quails fed with organic feed with the addition of cassava leaf flour, mackerel flour, and turmeric powder. Quail egg supplementation was administered to the mice from the early pregnancy period till the end of the lactation phase. The acquired data were analyzed using ANOVA. SPSS version 16.0 software for Windows was used for data analyses. Results and summary: Feeding the white mice with different compositions of organic quail egg supplements had no effect on the consumption of feed and water, body weight, and lipid profile (including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride) during the lactation phase (P > 0.05).

  11. Frecuencia de aislamientos microbiológicos y perfil de resistencia bacteriana en 13 clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad en Santiago de Cali - Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Martínez Buitrago

    Full Text Available Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana se consolida como una amenaza para los sistemas de salud en el manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas. La vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos regionales para el desarrollo de medidas de contención y gestión del uso adecuado de antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Describir los aislamientos microbiológicos y perfiles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de las principales bacterias gram-negativas y gram-positivas en clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo enmarcado en la estrategia de vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana desarrollado entre el año 2010 al 2012 en 13 instituciones de alta complejidad. Se recolectaron archivos mensualmente en formato WHONET, se realizaron pruebas de calidad de datos. El análisis fue estratificado por tipos de localización hospitalaria, además de análisis de tendencia a través de los 3 años de seguimiento. Resultados: El 65% de los aislamientos son bacterias de la familia enterobacteriaceae y el 11,4% corresponden a Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli presenta hasta un 17% de resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.ª generación mientras que Klebsiella pneumoniae ha incrementado su perfil de resistencia a carbapenémicos hasta un 2,7% en las UCI; Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenta un perfil MDR de hasta el 21% en UCI y salas de hospitalización general. Conclusiones: Existen altas prevalencias de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en la región; se requiere fortalecer estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de la resistencia bacteriana en ambientes hospitalarios y de la comunidad.

  12. Effect of gamma irradiation on the hatchability and embryonic development of quail eggs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oroszlany, P.; Sinkovicsne Hlubik, I.

    1979-01-01

    The effect of different doses of gamma irradiation on the embryonic development of quail and hen's eggs was examined. The goals of the examinations were to determine the LD 50 and LD 100 values, to establish the effect of single and multiple irradiation on embryonic development and to get some information on the embryonation of eggs produced by quails and their progeny grown from irradiated eggs. It was shown that 200 rad dose has significant stimulation effect of the hatching results of quail eggs. The LD 50 and LD 100 values were about 800 to 850 rad and 1600 rad, respectively. Repeated irradiation on the progeny-generations proved to be unambiguously deleterious on embryonation. High doses changed the rhythm of embryonal mortality, showing a peak under the irradiation and in the first three days of incubation, and significantly enhanced the number of teratological types. (author)

  13. Resistencia a la corrosión en ambiente salino de un acero al carbono recubierto con aluminio por rociado térmico y pintura poli aspártica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luddey Marulanda Arévalo

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la resistencia a la corrosión en ambiente salino del acero 1020 recubierto con aluminio por medio de rociado térmico por arco eléctrico y después se aplicó una pintura poliaspártica. Se observó que este sistema presenta una protección en estos ambientes, reduciendo la velocidad de corrosión, en comparación con un sistema de pintura bicapa, el cual consistía en una capa rica en zinc y otra capa de pintura poliaspártica. Se realizó la caracterización del recubrimiento por medio de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB para analizar su comportamiento con respecto al sustrato y a la pintura para conocer variaciones en propiedades como adherencia, topografía y homogeneidad. Se observó que las probetas recubiertas con aluminio por rociado térmico presentan una mayor resistencia a la corrosión en cámara salina que las probetas que no fueron recubiertas y solo estaban protegidas por el sistema bicapa de pintura, aunque la pintura sin rociado térmico tuvo un buen desempeño ya que no falló durante el tiempo estipulado para en ensayo en cámara de niebla salina.

  14. Análisis de la sensibilidad de biotipos de Lolium multiflorum a herbicidas inhibidores de la enzima ALS, ACCasa y Glifosato Sensitivity analysis of Lolium multiflorum biotypes to Glyphosate, ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Diez De Ulzurrun

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de los avances logrados en el control de las malezas con el uso de herbicidas, el manejo de las mismas no se simplificó, sino que, al contrario, surgieron nuevos desafíos, como la aparición de resistencia a herbicidas. En 2007, se reportó en Lolium multiflorum el segundo caso de resistencia a glifosato detectado en Argentina. En el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires se registraron fallas de control a campo en poblaciones de Lolium multiflorum debido a su resistencia a distintos herbicidas de las familias de los inhibidores de ALS y de ACCasa y al herbicida glifosato. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el nivel de resistencia a ciertos herbicidas inhibidores de la ALS y de la ACCasa y al glifosato en una población de L. multiflorum de Lobería (Bs As, Argentina supuestamente resistente (LmR. Se realizaron bioensayos en cajas de Petri y se determinó la GR50 mediante la variación en la longitud de coleoptile. Las curvas de dosis-respuesta se obtuvieron por medio de la ecuación log-logística. El biotipo LmR presentó resistencia múltiple a herbicidas con tres modos de acción diferentes: glifosato, inhibidores de ALS y de ACCasa. Dicho ensayo demostró la aparición de un biotipo de L. multiflorum con resistencia a múltiples principios activos.Despite progress in weed control using herbicides, management has not been simplified, but new challenges such as herbicides resistance have arisen. In 2007, a Lolium multiflorum population resistant to glyphosate was reported, as the second case of glyphosate resistant weeds in Argentina. In the southeast of Buenos Aires province, control failures in populations of L. multiflorum to different families of herbicide such as ALS and ACCase inhibitors and to glyphosate at field level have been registered. The aim of this study was to characterize the level of resistance to certain herbicides inhibitors of ALS, ACCase and glyphosate in a putatively resistant (LmR population of L

  15. Resistencia química del hormigón. V.-Acción del agua de mar: Influencia de la adición de escoria a un cemento portland resistente al yeso. Evolución de las resistencias mecánicas a flexotracción y del coeficiente de corrosión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gaspar-Tébar, Demetrio

    1980-09-01

    Full Text Available Not available

    En el presente trabajo (segundo de otro amplio en el que se estudia la influencia que ejercen diversas adiciones a tres cementos portland, desde un punto de vista de su comportamiento químico-resistente, frente a la acción de distintos medios potencialmente agresivos y que será objeto de otras publicaciones se da cuenta de la evolución que experimenta la resistencia química por el método de Koch-Steinegger y de las variaciones de las resistencias mecánicas a flexotracción de las probetas de mortero (1:3 de 1 X 1 X 6 cm hechas con un cemento portland industrial resistente al yeso (cemento 2 <> P-450-Y y con las mezclas cemento 2/escoria granulada (vítrea = 85/15 - 65/35 - 40/60 y 30/70 (en peso, sumergidas en agua potable filtrada, unas series de 12 probetas, y en agua de mar artificial (ASTM D 1141-75, otras series análogas, durante 56-90-180 y 360 días, después de haberlas curado 24 horas en un recinto saturado de humedad y hasta 21 días bajo agua potable filtrada.

  16. Resistencia a fármacos en pacientes en tratamiento antirretroviral, Cali, Colombia, 2008-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge L. Martínez-Cajas

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. En Colombia se ha publicado poco sobre farmacorresistencia del VIH en pacientes que toman tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR. Las guías de VIH de Colombia de 2006 no recomiendan el uso de los estudios genotípicos de resistencia (EGR en pacientes nunca expuestos a medicamentos antirretrovirales ni después del primer fracaso terapéutico. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de mutaciones de resistencia y el grado de susceptibilidad/resistencia del VIH a los antirretrovirales en pacientes expuestos a TAR. Materiales y métodos. Se reclutó una muestra no probabilística de 170 pacientes con infección por VIH que tomaban TAR, experimentaban fracaso virológico y que tenían EGR. Se estudió la farmacorresistencia del VIH en dos grupos: EGR temprano vs. EGR tardío. Resultados. El tipo de resistencia más frecuente en pacientes que toman TAR afectó a los inhibidores no nucleosídicos (76%. El grupo tardío tuvo mayor riesgo de resistencia a inhibidores nucleosídicos y a los inhibidores de proteasa, mayor número de mutaciones de resistencia y mayor complejidad de las resistencias que el grupo temprano. También se encontró un alto grado (30% de resistencia cruzada a los inhibidores nucleosídicos en el grupo tardío. Los medicamentos menos afectados fueron tenofovir y darunavir. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que realizar EGR tardíos se asocia a altos niveles de resistencia, lo cual puede restringir el uso de un gran número de ARVs esenciales en regímenes subsiguientes. Es necesario revisar las actuales recomendaciones sobre el uso de EGR en las guías Colombianas de manejo de VIH.    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i4.1462

  17. Improving the microbial safety and quality of quail carcasses by gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rady, A.H.; Khalaf, H.H.; Afifi, E.A.; Nasr, E.H.

    2002-01-01

    This investigation aims to study the possibility of using gamma irradiation for improving the microbial safety quality of quail carcasses. One hundred quail carcasses were examined for the presence of salmonella. The examination illustrated that 70 carcasses from all examined carcasses were positive for salmonella. therefore, the contaminated quail carcasses were gamma irradiated at 2, 4 and 6 kGy doses and the effects of these treatments on the microbiological aspects and chemical properties of samples under investigation were evaluated. The results indicated that, the chemical composition of samples did not alter by gamma irradiation treatment. Furthermore, irradiation of samples at doses of 2, 4 and kGy greatly reduced its microbial count. Moreover, irradiation doses of 2 and 4 kGy completely destroyed salmonella and enterococcus faecalis, respectively. In addition, the acid value, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value were increased after irradiation. On the other hand, irradiation treatment had no real effects on the total volatile basic nitrogen content and amino acid composition of samples under investigation

  18. Metabolizable energy levels for meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Cunha Lima Muniz

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietetic metabolizable energy levels on performance and carcass traits of meat quails from 15 to 35 days old. Five hundred sixty, 15-d old, meat quails were randomly assigned to five treatments (2.850; 2.950; 3.050; 3.150 e 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 of diet, with eight replicates and fourteen birds per experimental unit. Feed intake, protein and lysine intake and feed conversion decreased linearly as the metabolizable energy content of diets increased (P0.05 by the treatments. Diets did not influence (P>0.05 carcass traits as dry matter, moisture and protein content in carcass. However a quadratic effect (P<0.04 were observed on carcass fat content. Based on these results, the adequate metabolizable energy level to ensure better meat quails' growth is 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 diet, that corresponds to a metabolizable energy: crude protein ratio of 139,24.

  19. Growth and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails ( Coturnix ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The values of other primal cuts were statistically similar (P>0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that substituting synthetic vitamin mineral premixes with natural vitamin mineral premixes in diets is possible with no adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics of growing Japanese quail. Key words: Proprietary ...

  20. Genetic variation and bottleneck in Japanese quail ( Coturnix ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The genetic structure of four strains of Japanese quail (Pharach, Panda, Tuxedo and Golden) was investigated by 12 microsatellite markers in Iran. Whole blood samples were collected from 200 individuals belonging to four strains and genomic DNA was extracted by salting out procedure. The 12 microsatellite markers ...

  1. Feed efficiency of diets with different energy and protein concentrations supplemented with methionine in laying quails

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ratriyanto, A.; Indreswari, R.; Nuhriawangsa, A. M. P.; Purwanti, E.

    2018-03-01

    The study was conducted to evaluate the feed efficiency of quail diets containing different concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) with constant ratio and supplemented with methionine. Four hundred laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Each dietary treatment used 5 replicates of 20 quails. Two basal diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal kg-1 ME and 18.7% CP (High ME-CP) and 2,600 kcal kg-1 ME and 17.3% CP (Low ME-CP). Each basal diet was supplemented with 0 and 0.12% methionine. The High ME-CP diets generated lower feed consumption but higher egg mass and feed efficiency (Pprotein efficiency ratio (PHigh ME-CP supplemented with methionine resulted the highest feed efficiency followed by the Low ME-CP supplemented with methionine, while both High ME-CP and Low ME-CP without methionine supplementation resulted the lowest feed efficiency (PHigh ME-CP supplemented with 0.12% methionine provided benefit to improve the feed efficiency in laying quails.

  2. Evaluación experimental de la resistencia a la corrosión de un acero aisi-sae 4140 implantado con iones de nitrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    PEÑA, DARIO; FONTALVO, PAOLA; ESTUPIÑAN, HUGO; NIÑO, DANNIER; VESGA, WILSON

    2010-01-01

    Se estudió la resistencia a la corrosión de un acero AISI-SAE 4140 implantado con iones de Nitrógeno mediante la técnica 3DII (Implantación Iónica Tridimensional). Se evaluaron diferentes rugosidades de las muestras implantadas mediante técnicas electroquímicas de Rp, EIS y Tafel en una salmuera al 3% de NaCl, donde se obtuvo la mayor resistencia a la corrosión para el material implantado con menor rugosidad. Se produjo la formación de una posible capa protectora estable con la inmersión de l...

  3. Effect of organic selenium and zinc on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VC Cruz

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary inclusion of organic trace minerals selenium and zinc on the performance and internal and external egg quality of Japanese quails submitted to heat stress. Data on egg production, feed conversion (kg feed intake/kg eggs and dozen eggs, egg weight, egg specific gravity, eggshell thickness and weight, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumen index and mortality (% of 144 quails were evaluated for 112 days, divided in eight cycles of 14 days. Birds were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design into four treatments (control; 0.3ppm Se; 60ppm Zn and 0.3ppm Se + 60ppm Zn with six replicates each. There were no differences (p> 0.05 in egg production (%, egg mass (g/hen/day, feed conversion per egg mass (kg/kg, feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz, average egg weight (g, egg specific gravity, eggshell thickness and weight (g, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumen index and mortality (%. However, quails fed the combination of Se and Zn presented higher (p < 0.05 feed intake (28.73 g/hen/day. Those fed only organic selenium had higher average daily egg production (30.17 eggs/day, and those fed the diet only supplemented with zinc presented higher mortality (p < 0.05. The results of the present study suggest that the supplementation of organic trace minerals in Japanese quails diets submitted to heat stress does not significantly influence quail performance and internal egg quality, whereas the supplementation of the combination of organic Zn and Se increases feed intake.

  4. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa": Aportación al conocimiento de su estructura y al de los mecanismos que contribuyen a su resistencia a los antimicrobianos

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz Martínez, Lídia

    2007-01-01

    En los últimos años ha habido un incremento en la aparición de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas y en la reemergencia de otras que se consideraban ya controladas. La situación actual es preocupante porque muchos de estos nuevos agentes patógenos causan enfermedades graves. En muchas de estas infecciones, la resistencia a los fármacos se está convirtiendo en uno de los obstáculos principales para su control, con la aparición de cepas multiresistentes a los antibióticos normalmente utilizados. ¿C...

  5. Caracterización de cultivares de duraznero (Prunus persica (L. Batsch. por resistencia a heladas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Emilio Chaar

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Las heladas primaverales son una de las principales limitantes de la producción de frutales de clima templado. Dentro de una misma especie existe variabilidad en resistencia frente al daño en órganos florales ocasionado por temperaturas bajo cero durante la salida del reposo invernal. En cinco cultivares de duraznero (Prunus persica (L. Batsch. y uno de nectarino se evaluó el daño ocasionado por heladas y se determinaron la fecha de plena floración y la densidad de floración. Adicionalmente se determinó la temperatura letal media (TL50 de las yemas florales en el estado de flor abierta, mediante descensos térmicos controlados en laboratorio. Los cultivares (cv de duraznero Maria Bianca y Summer Pearl presentaron las mayores densidades de flores sanas por cm de ramo, luego de la ocurrencia de temperaturas bajo cero en campo. La resistencia a heladas en campo se relacionó principalmente con la elevada densidad de floración, en combinación, en algunos casos, con floración tardía. La floración tardía por sí sola no resultó una característica de resistencia; por tanto, para la elección de cultivares de duraznero con menor riesgo de daño por temperaturas bajo cero es importante tener en cuenta más de una variable relacionada con los órganos reproductivos

  6. Role Of SYNBIOTICS And Low Level GAMMA Irradiation Treatments In Improving Performance Of Japanese Quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ABU-TALEB, A.M.

    2009-01-01

    A total number of 800 Japanese quail eggs were obtained from a parent flock maintained the poultry research unit of the Biological Application Department, Nuclear Research Centre at Inshas, Egypt, and used in the present study. Before incubating the eggs, they were divided into two equal groups of 400 eggs each; the 1 st group was exposed to a low level of gamma irradiation at 50 rad before sitting while the 2 nd group did not exposed to gamma irradiation. After hatching of the two groups, fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and hatching weight were determined. Hatched quail chicks from each group (1 and 2) were divided into four identical subgroups and all fed the basal diet but with a different supplement. The diet of the 1 st subgroup was supplemented with 2.5% Lactobacilli, the 2 nd with 1.5% lactose, the 3 rd with 2.5% Lactobacilli plus 1.5% lactose, while the 4 th subgroup was fed the basal diet only and served as control. The results showed decreased embryonic mortality and increased hatchability and hatching weight due to exposing quail eggs to low level of gamma radiation as compared to non-exposed eggs. The average body weight and the relative weights of carcass, testis and oviduct, egg production, egg weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulins, RBC, WBC and Hb values were increased significantly (P th week due to adding Lactobacilli and lactose to the basal diet. Significant reduction (P<0.05) in the intestinal wall index was observed due to adding Lactobacilli and lactose to the basal diet of hatched quails. In conclusion, adding Lactobacilli and/or lactose to the basal diet of hatched Japanese quails improved performance as well as blood constituents and intestinal wall index. The magnitude of this improvement was even greater when both supplements were combined. In addition, the exposure of eggs to low level of gamma radiation (50 rad) improved hatchability and hatching weight of Japanese quail eggs, but no relationship to dietary

  7. Resistencia transmitida del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en pacientes sin exposición previa a tratamiento antirretroviral, Cali, Colombia, 2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Galindo-Orrego

    Full Text Available Introducción: En Colombia, existe poca información publicada sobre farmacorresistencia transmitida en el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH, y actualmente, las pruebas genotípicas de resistencia no son recomendadas por las guías colombianas para pacientes nunca expuestos ( naïve a terapia antirretroviral (TAR. Se condujo un estudio para determinar la frecuencia de resistencias transmitidas en pacientes naïve a TAR, quienes fueron atendidos en una clínica especializada en VIH/síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida en Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 152 pacientes adultos elegibles, con infección confirmada por VIH, naïve a TAR, con pruebas genotípicas de resistencia disponibles, y que accedieron a participar. El período de reclutamiento fue de 2008 a 2010. Las mutaciones de resistencias incluidas en el análisis fueron las definidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud 2009 e International AIDS Society-USA 2010. Adicionalmente, se recolectó información sociodemográfica y condiciones relacionadas con el VIH. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 32 ± 10,2 años, 76% fueron hombres. La frecuencia de resistencia primaria fue de 6,6% (según la lista de Bennett-Organización Mundial de la Salud 2009, pero se encontró algún nivel de resistencia hasta en un 11,8% de los casos (al considerar mutaciones de la lista International AIDS Society-USA 2010. Las mutaciones más comunes fueron K103N/S (2%, F77L (2% y M46L (2%. Mutaciones a los inhibidores no nucleosídicos de transcriptasa reversa fueron encontradas en 5,3%, mutaciones a los inhibidores no nucleosídicos de transcriptasa reversa en 3,9% y mutaciones a inhibidor de proteasa en 2% de las secuencias. El único factor relacionado con la resistencia primaria fue la duración de la infección por VIH. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de resistencia transmitida es similar a la encontrada en estudios previos en Colombia y en otros países con amplio

  8. EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE LA RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE UN ACERO AISI-SAE 4140 IMPLANTADO CON IONES DE NITRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DARIO PEÑA

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la resistencia a la corrosión de un acero AISI-SAE 4140 implantado con iones de Nitrógeno mediante la técnica 3DII (Implantación Iónica Tridimensional. Se evaluaron diferentes rugosidades de las muestras implantadas mediante técnicas electroquímicas de Rp, EIS y Tafel en una salmuera al 3% de NaCl, donde se obtuvo la mayor resistencia a la corrosión para el material implantado con menor rugosidad. Se produjo la formación de una posible capa protectora estable con la inmersión de las muestras en el electrolito de trabajo para tiempos superiores a 240 horas.

  9. Behaviour of Japanese Quail Eggs Under Mechanical Compression

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Buchar, J.; Nedomová, Š.; Trnka, Jan; Strnková, J.

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 18, č. 5 (2015), s. 1110-1118 ISSN 1094-2912 Institutional support: RVO:61388998 Keywords : quail egg * compression * rupture force Subject RIV: GM - Food Processing Impact factor: 1.586, year: 2015 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10942912.2013.862634#.VNI0aC7z_PM

  10. Shelf life of fresh air packaged and precooked vacuum packaged quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesca Piras

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available The shelf-life of 3 batches (Q1, Q2, Q3 of quail meat, were examined. Q1 were cut and seasoned with commercial olive oil, stoned green olive and sliced bacon. Q2 were divided into two subgroups: Q2.1 produced in the previously described conditions; Q2.2 seasoned also with rosemary. Quails were placed in lowdensity polystirene barrier trays and aerobically packaged. Q3 quails were boiled in salted hot water for 40 min, seasoned with myrtle leafs, placed in low density polyethylene bags and vacuum packaged. All samples were stored at +2 and +7°C. Analysis were conducted at 0, 3, 7, 9 and 14 days (T0, T3, T7, T9, and T14, respectively. For all the samples, pH measurement and microbial analysis [total viable count (TVC, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Lactobacillus spp. (LAB, Pseudomonas spp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS, Enterococcus spp., yeasts and moulds, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes] were performed. Initial TVC levels of fresh quails (ca. 4 log CFU/g were rather high and this may be due to the microbial population of the raw material. In Q1 and Q2.1 samples, TVC reached the value of 7 log, which is considered as the upper acceptability limit for fresh poultry meat (after T9 under storage at +2°C and after T7 at +7°C. In Q2.2 samples such limit was reached earlier, after T3. In Q3 samples, lower TVC levels were recorded and did not reach the above mentioned limit, not even at the end of storage. However, mean counts >5 log were reached, maybe because of a post-cooking cross-contamination. Salmonella spp. prevalence was 33% in Q1, Q2.1 and Q2.2 samples.

  11. Streptococcus pneumoniae, mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amauri Noda Albelo

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El Streptococcus pneumoniae, principal agente causal de la neumonía comunitaria, líder en la etiología de la otitis media y la meningitis, en las últimas 3 décadas ha incrementado, de manera importante, su resistencia a los agentes terapéuticos más utilizados, como los betalactámicos, macrólidos, azálidos y fluroquinolonas. La versatilidad adaptativa del microorganismo le ha permitido crear mecanismos capaces de sobreponerse a cualquiera de estas agresiones terapéuticas con un grado variable de eficacia. Se realiza una revisión de los mecanismos más importantes implicados en la adquisición de resistencia antimicrobiana por S. pneumoniae, y se precisan algunos de los factores de riesgo implicados en infección por S. pneumoniae resistente.

  12. Organizational effects of diethylstilbestrol on brain vasotocin and sexual behavior in male quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Viglietti-Panzica, Carla; Montoncello, Barbara; Mura, Elena; Pessatti, Marzia; Panzica, GianCarlo

    2005-04-15

    In Japanese quail, we previously described a sexual dimorphism of the parvocellular vasotocin system of the limbic region that, as the reproductive behavior, is steroid-sensitive and is organized during embryonic life by the exposure to estradiol. We verified in this study whether diethylstilbestrol, a chemical xenoestrogen, has analogous organizational effects on the vasotocin system of limbic regions and on copulatory behavior of male Japanese quail. We injected in the yolk sac of 3 day-old quail embryos diethylstilbestrol or estradiol benzoate (a treatment which suppresses male copulatory behavior in adulthood and reduces vasotocin innervation), or sesame oil (control). No further hormonal manipulations were performed after hatching. Sexual behavior was recorded in males at the age of 6 weeks. Estradiol- and diethylstilbestrol-treated males exhibited a total suppression of copulatory behavior. After behavioral tests, all males were sacrificed and brain sections processed for vasotocin immunocytochemistry. Significant decrease in the density of vasotocin immunoreactivity was detected in the medial preoptic nucleus, in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and in the lateral septum of diethylstilbestrol-treated males. The magnocellular vasotocin neurons were, in contrast, not affected. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that embryonic treatment with diethylstilbestrol induces a full sex reversal of behavioral phenotype as well as a significant decrease of vasotocin expression in the preoptic-limbic region in male Japanese quail. Therefore, the parvocellular vasotocin system could represent an optimal model to investigate the effects of pollutants on neural circuits controlling reproductive functions.

  13. Effects of selection for yolk cholesterol on growth and meat quality in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marek Bednarczyk

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Descendants ( of S18 generation of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica, selected for low (line 11, n=15 or for high (line 12, n=6 yolk cholesterol content were used for this experiment. The high (12 and low (11 lines were developed from a control egg type (line13 wild color plumage stock 07, from Poultry Breeding Station in Ivanka at Danube (Slovakia that was maintained without conscious selection. The results of selected lines were compared to this one from unselected lines, egg type (line 13, n=15 and meat type (line 8, n=15, to study productive performance (growth and carcass weight as well as meat quality traits (intramuscular collagen properties, fatty and cholesterol content. The birds were grown up to 35 days of age. Quails were fed ad libitum with commercial diets according to their ages. Animals had free access to water during the experiment. The body weight of the quails was controlled every week (from week 1 to 5. At the slaughter (at avg. weight of 104.0, 107.7, 110.6 g vs 209.3 g for lines 11, 12, 13 vs 8, respectively; P<0.05 the hot carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage was calculated. Pectoralis superficialis muscles were removed from the carcasses to assess intramuscular collagen (IMC properties (collagen and crosslink concentrations, intramuscular lipid and cholesterol contents. Growth and slaughter performance, intramuscular fat percentage and IMC properties of Pectoralis superficialis were not different between the birds selected for low (line 11 and high (line 12 yolk cholesterol content and were also found to be similar between the quails of egg type and those selected for yolk cholesterol content (lines 11 and 12. Compared to the birds of egg type line and those selected for yolk cholesterol content, the quails of meat type had higher growth and carcass traits (P<0.05, while meat quality traits were found to be similar. The meat of the quails selected for low cholesterol in the egg yolk (line 11

  14. Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Pecten Oculi in the Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aris F. Pourlis

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The main purpose of this study is to extend the microscopic investigations of the pecten oculi in the quail in order to add some information on the unresolved functional anatomy of this unique avian organ. The pecten oculi of the quail was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Eighteen- to-twenty two highly vascularised accordion-like folds were joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue, which holds the pecten in a fanlike shape, widest at the base. The structure of the double layered limiting membrane was recorded. The presence of hyalocytes with macrophage-like appearance was illustrated. It is assumed that the pecten oculi of the quail resembles that of the chicken. Illustrated morphological features of this species may add information on the active physiological role of the pecten. But still, the functional significance of this organ is a matter of controversies.

  15. Resistencia en el aula: entre el fracaso y la indignación Resistance in the classroom: between failure and indignation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsie Rockwell

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo abordo una disyuntiva conceptual en la explicación de la resistencia estudiantil en clase. Resumo algunas de las posturas clásicas acerca de la resistencia (WILLIS, GIROUX, retomando la distinción entre fenómenos que contribuyen al fracaso escolar de los estudiantes, y aquellos que muestran indignación. Discuto resultados de estudios que intentan explicar los momentos de discontinuidad en el flujo de la interacción en el aula como evidencia de resistencia de parte de los alumnos. Luego examino las implicaciones de las teorías de Basil Bernstein y de Jürgen Habermas para explicar estos procesos. Sugiero que no toda expresión de resistencia en el aula debe ser vista como señal de incompetencia, diferencia cultural o respuesta autocondenadora. Con base en la teoría de comunicación de Habermas, es posible comprender muchas respuestas de los estudiantes como legítima (si bien indirecta invocación de las pretensiones de verdad, adecuación y veracidad.In this paper, I approach a conceptual dilemma involved in understanding student resistance in classrooms. I summarize some of the classic positions on resistance (WILLIS, GIROUX, and recall the distinction between behaviors that contribute to "school failure" and those that express "moral indignation". I discuss classroom studies that attempt to explain moments of discontinuity in the flow of verbal interaction as evidence of student resistance. I then turn to the implications of the theories of Basil Bernstein and Jürgen Habermas to explain these processes. I suggest that not all expressions of resistance in the classroom should be seen as signs of incompetence, cultural difference, or self-condemning behavior. Drawing on Habermas' theory of communication, it is possible to understand many student's responses as a legitimate, albeit indirect, invocation of the validity claims of truth, correctness and sincerity.

  16. [Quantitative changes in the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in Japanese quail during hypergravity, hypodynamia and space flight].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bózner, A; Boda, K; Dostál, J; Matĕjková, Z; Devecka, V

    1993-03-01

    The experimental work aimed at the quantitative ultrastructure of the myocardial cells of the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica during hypergravitation, hypodynamism and space flight in a Soviet satellite. For the determination of quantitative changes of the myocardial ultrastructure a morphometrical method was used with parameters like the number of mitochondria, average mitochondrial size, relative mitochondrial volume, deficiency of cristae and relative volume of myofibrils. The quails were observed in 3 groups. The absolute control consisted of quails living in normal Earth conditions, in the laboratory group the quails were exposed to conditions of hypergravitation and hypodynamism in a specially constructed centrifuge, and in the flying group the quails were exposed to space flight in a Soviet orbital station MIR. In the group of absolute controls no pathological changes of the myocardial ultrastructure were found. In the flying group there were no significant changes, with the exception of decreased relative volume of myofibrils, which however agrees with the findings on symptoms corresponding to human and animal heart weakness during space flights. In the laboratory group, pathological changes were observed in each of the fractions. The most significant pathological findings were found in the group controls in the center and in hypergravitation combined with hypodynamism. It can be concluded that the laboratories can simulate conditions induced by the start and flight of space ships. (Fig. 2, Ref, 8.)

  17. COMPARISON OF SLAUGHTER VALUE IN PHARAOH QUAIL OF DIFFERENT AGES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna WILKANOWSKA

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The effect of age of Pharaoh quails on dressing percentage, carcass composition, and sensory and physicochemical properties of their meat was determined. Compared to 42-day-old birds, Pharaoh quail aged 33 days had lower body weight (169.1 vs 139.4 g, carcass weight (111.7 vs 88.8 g and dressing percentage (66.1 vs 63.7%. The carcasses of 42-day-old birds contained more breast muscles (30.9%, leg muscles (18.3%, skin with subcutaneous fat (6.5% and remainders of the carcass (31.0% compared to birds at 33 days of age (30.8; 16.7; 6.2 and 30.0%, respectively. Older birds showed higher values of pH15, redness (a* and yellowness (b* and lower values of sensory meat properties except aroma intensity.

  18. Determinación de la resistencia a insecticidas en Aedes aegypti, Anopheles albimanus y Lutzomyia peruensis procedentes del Norte Peruano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franklin Vargas V

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de resistencia a temephos y deltametrina en cinco poblaciones naturales de Aedes aegypti del norte de Perú (La Libertad y Piura, dos cepas de Anopheles albimanus (Sullana y Tambogrande y una cepa de Lutzomyía spp (Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron bioensayos en larvas y adultos siguiendo la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La visualización de bandas de B-esterasas se hizo por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida en larvas de cuarto estadio. Resultados: Las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti de Sullana y Tambogrande (Piura presentaron factores de resistencia (FR a temephos de 6,84 con un KDT50 = 160,42 minutos y 70% de mortalidad a las 24 horas; en tanto en la población de Tambogrande se observó un FR de 5,60, KDT50 = 107,20 y 80% de mortalidad, a diferencia de las cepas de La Esperanza, El Porvenir y Florencia de Mora (La Libertad que fueron susceptibles. Se identificó resistencia en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti y A. albimanus procedentes de Piura (Tambogrande y Sullana para deltametrina, a diferencia de las poblaciones de Ae.aegypti y Lutzomyia spp de La Libertad que fueron susceptibles. Se identificó la esterasa B2 con un Rf de 0,23 en la población de Ae. aegypti de Sullana. Conclusiones: Dada la susceptibilidad de la población de La Libertad al insecticida temephos, puede seguir siendo usado en el control vectorial de Aedes aegypti; por lo contrario, dada la resistencia observada en poblaciones de Anopheles en Sullana y Tambogrande se debe evaluar el uso de la deltametrina en estas poblaciones. Finalmente, la población de Lutzomyia spp. no presentó resistencia a deltametrina.

  19. Herencia de la resistencia al complejo Cercospora spp. en líneas de maíz tropical

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Narro L. Luis

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó un diseño dialélico (Griffing Modelo 1 entre 10 líneas endogámicas de maíz tropical contrastantes en su reacción a Cercospora spp. (5 tolerantes y 5 susceptibles, en tres localidades en lotes bajo siembra directa, con presencia natural del patógeno e inoculación artificial, para la variable índice de enfermedad (escala 1 a 5. En el análisis de varianza, por localidad y combinado, los efectos de habilidad combinatoria general (hcg, habilidad combinatoria específica (hce, y recíprocos resultaron altamente significativos; siendo >10 veces mayor los efectos de la hcg que los de hce, indicando predominio de la acción genética aditiva. Resultados también sugieren que la resistencia está controlada por efectos maternos o de citoplasma. La acumulación de genes de resistencia y la conformación de variedades sintéticas tolerantes es una alternativa a implementar en programas del mejoramiento de resistencia a Cercospora de maíces tropicales. ABSTRACT Inheritance of resistance to Cercospora Complex in tropical maize (zea mays inbred lines. Inheritance of resistance to the maize disease complex caused by Cercospora spp on tropical maize was studied by generating and evaluating a diallel mating model (Griffing model I using ten corn inbred lines with contrasting levels of disease reaction (5 tolerant and 5 susceptible. Parental lines and their crosses, both direct and reciprocal, were evaluated in three locations using conservation tillage and inoculated artificially with inoculum prepared using a mixture of foliar maize diseases collected from several farmer’s fields. Analysis of variance for the variable index of disease (scale 1 to 5, both locality and combined, the general combining ability (hcg, specific combining ability (hce, and reciprocal effects were highly significant, with the hcg portion being >10 times greater than the hce component, indicating that the genetic action is predominantly additive. Data

  20. Distribution of orally administered and chronically fed sup(95m)Tc in Japanese quail tissues and eggs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, J.M.; Cadwell, L.L.; Cataldo, D.A.; Garland, T.R.

    1986-01-01

    In the present study, male and female Japanese quail were chronically fed alfalfa grown on solutions containing TcO 4 which was mixed into a commercial turkey starter. The objective was to estimate concentration ratios and transfer coefficients from Tc incorporated into alfalfa tissue to quail eggs, edible tissues and other organs. (author)

  1. Prácticas de Física: Resistencia de un voltímetro

    OpenAIRE

    Beléndez, Augusto; Bernabeu, Guillermo; Vera Guarinos, Jenaro; Pastor Antón, Carlos; Martín García, Agapito

    1988-01-01

    El objetivo de esta práctica es determinar la resistencia interna de un voltímetro. Para ello se utilizan varias resistencias de valor conocido. El voltímetro es un aparato que sirve para medir la diferencia de potencial entre dos puntos de un circuito. Los voltímetros de aguja se basan en el mismo principio que el amperímetro de aguja, pues ambos se pueden construir mediante un galvanómetro de cuadro móvil, pero en el caso del voltímetro se monta en serie con el galvanómetro una resistencia ...

  2. Utilization of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L Merr meal and extract as ration substitution to produce low chollesterol Japanese Quail product

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Subekti

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L Merr is known to contain carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin C, protein and phytosterol compound. This study was aimed to determine the ability of phytosterols in Sauropus androgynus (SA leaf to obtain poultry product that has low cholesterol content. One hundred fifty female quails were raised from 2-27 weeks old, divided into three treatment diets, five replicates with 10 quails in each replicate. The treatment diets were: 1 Control group: diet without katuk leaf meal; 2 Diet with 9% SA ethanol 70% extract (SAE; 3 Diet containing 9% SA meal (SAM. Kolesterols were determined with CHOD-PAP-Method by Human, there is enzymatic Colorimetric Test for Cholesterol with Lipid Clearing Factor. The result showed that total cholesterol in the egg yolk, carcass and liver of SAE and SAM treated quails were lower (P<0.05 than that of the control-treated quails, except the cholesterol content in the serum. These findings indicated that the cholesterol concentration of female quails was decreased due to phytosterol content in katuk leaf.

  3. Cocaine induces state-dependent learning of sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gill, Karin E; Rice, Beth Ann; Akins, Chana K

    2015-01-01

    State dependent learning effects have been widely studied in a variety of drugs of abuse. However, they have yet to be studied in relation to sexual motivation. The current study investigated state-dependent learning effects of cocaine in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using a sexual conditioning paradigm. Cocaine-induced state-dependent learning effects were investigated using a 2×2 factorial design with training state as one factor and test state as the other factor. During a 14-day training phase, male quail were injected once daily with 10mg/kg cocaine or saline and then placed in a test chamber after 15min. In the test chamber, sexual conditioning trials consisted of presentation of a light conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by sexual reinforcement. During the state dependent test, half of the birds received a shift in drug state from training to testing (Coc→Sal or Sal→Coc) while the other half remained in the same drug state (Coc→Coc or Sal→Sal). Results showed that male quail that were trained and tested in the same state (Coc→Coc or Sal→Sal) showed greater sexual conditioning than male quail that were trained and tested in different states (Sal→Coc) except when cocaine was administered chronically prior to the test (Coc→Sal). For the latter condition, sexual conditioning persisted from cocaine training to the saline test. The findings suggest that state dependent effects may alter sexual motivation and that repeated exposure to cocaine during sexual activity may increase sexual motivation which, in turn, may lead to high risk sexual activities. An alternative explanation for the findings is also discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Respuestas y adaptaciones de la funci??n y estructura musculares al entrenamiento oclusivo con resistencias de baja intensidad

    OpenAIRE

    Mart??n Hern??ndez, Juan

    2013-01-01

    137 p. Los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral, que se presenta como compendio de publicaciones, fueron: (1) Estudiar las respuestas de la arquitectura muscular a una sola sesi??n de entrenamiento oclusivo y comparar ??stas con las observadas tras una sesi??n de entrenamiento tradicional con resistencias de alta intensidad; (2) Estudiar las adaptaciones de la fuerza din??mica y el grosor muscular a dos vol??menes diferentes de entrenamiento oclusivo; (3) Comparar estos resultados con los obte...

  5. Sex Determination of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica using with Zoometric Measurements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tülin Çiçek Rathert

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The difficulty of sex determination in most poultry species causes significant financial losses for poultry production as birds cannot be separated at early stages of growth for meat or egg production. Therefore it is important to determine bird’s sex with zoometric parameters. This study was carried out to determine the sex of Japanese quails with zoometric measurements, such as live weight, body length, chest depth and chest width. Eighty-eight male and female Japanese quail chicks were used individually for live weight, chest depth (mm, chest width (mm and body length (mm with using digital scaled balance and caliper for every week over a period of six weeks. The weekly collected data were applied to t test for estimating the sex discrimination. The Pearson’s correlation was applied for examining the interrelationship between sex and biometric traits. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between live weight and body length beginning with the 2nd week. Therefore, zoometric measurement of these body traits is suitable for discriminating the sex of Japanese quails in early phase of life.

  6. Nuevas resistencias comunicativas: la rebelión de los ACARP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    IA Del Amo

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El trabajo pretende ser una aportación en el debate en torno al papel que los medios de comunicación tienen en el cultivo de asunciones sobre la realidad, especialmente a raíz de la emergencia de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs. Objetivos. Se analizarán dos formas específicas y novedosas de disputa comunicativa por parte de los movimientos sociales: los lip dub reivindicativos y las grabaciones ciudadanas de actuaciones policiales. Englobamos a ambas bajo la categoría de Artefacto Cultural Audiovisual de Reivindicación y Protesta (ACARP. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis teórico acerca de las relaciones entre poder, comunicación y resistencias, proponiendo una lectura acerca de los distintos planos en los que resistencias y disputas se articulan. Para el análisis empírico, atendemos a las reflexiones metodológicas en torno a la sociología visual, aplicándolas a seis de estos artefactos audiovisuales en el contexto vasco. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados proporcionan una caracterización general de estos artefactos audiovisuales. El análisis del caso vasco permite situar estas innovaciones tácticas y comunicativas, y discutir acerca de la importancia del contexto, la construcción del discurso, las posibles tendencias a la espectacularización y las posibilidades de contrarrestrar estereotipaciones.

  7. Evaluation of pomegranate (Punica granatum pericarp aqueous extract on Eimeria spp. from Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno P. Berto

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic properties have been associated with the extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum in several animals and conditions. The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, originated from North Africa, Europe and Asia, is used worldwide as an experimental animal and model for aviculture. The current study investigated the effects of the pomegranate pericarp aqueous extract on the shedding, viability and morphometry of three Eimeria spp. from Japanese quails, besides the weight gain and genotoxic activity. Although the pomegranate is recognized by multiple properties, including anti-coccidial, in the current study the results are contrary. The treated group shed greater amount of oocysts; the sporulation times and viability were similar in both groups; despite some morphometric differences, these were not expressive; weight gains were similar; and the pomegranate had insignificant effect genotoxic. Finally, these results suggest that the pomegranate pericarp extract did not influence on Eimeira spp. from Japanese quails; therefore, the pomegranate pericarp extract is not suggested in the prevention/treatment of coccidiosis in Japanese quails, or at least not using methods of preparation and administration applied in this study.

  8. USE OF SACCHROMYCES CERVISIAE TO SUPPRESS THE EFFECTS OF FUMONISIN MYCOTOXICOSIS IN JAPANESE QUAIL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ABU TALEB, A.M.

    2008-01-01

    In this study, 400 unsexed Japanese quail chicks (1 day old) were used. The quail chicks were randomly assigned into four groups of 100 birds in each. The first group was served as control. The other experimental groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% yeast/kg diet (G2), 0.5% yeast/kg diet ± 200 mg fumonicin-B1/kg diet (G3) and 200 mg fumonicin-B1/kg diet (G4). The results showed significant increases in mortality rate, GPT (ALT), GOT (AST), cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and decreases in body weight, hatchability, fertility and hatching weight, serum total proteins, globulin and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in group of quails received fumonisin (G4) in comparison with the control group (G1) and all treatments. Yeast led to partial improvement in the parameters in group two (G2). Also, yeast suppressed the toxic effect of fumonisin B-1 (G3)

  9. USE OF SACCHROMYCES CERVISIAE TO SUPPRESS THE EFFECTS OF FUMONISIN MYCOTOXICOSIS IN JAPANESE QUAIL

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    ABU TALEB, A M [Biological Applications Dept., Radioisotope Applications Division, Nuclear Research Center, Abou-Zaable, Inshas (Egypt)

    2008-07-01

    In this study, 400 unsexed Japanese quail chicks (1 day old) were used. The quail chicks were randomly assigned into four groups of 100 birds in each. The first group was served as control. The other experimental groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% yeast/kg diet (G2), 0.5% yeast/kg diet {+-} 200 mg fumonicin-B1/kg diet (G3) and 200 mg fumonicin-B1/kg diet (G4). The results showed significant increases in mortality rate, GPT (ALT), GOT (AST), cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and decreases in body weight, hatchability, fertility and hatching weight, serum total proteins, globulin and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in group of quails received fumonisin (G4) in comparison with the control group (G1) and all treatments. Yeast led to partial improvement in the parameters in group two (G2). Also, yeast suppressed the toxic effect of fumonisin B-1 (G3)

  10. An electrochemical investigation of the corrosion behavior of Al-Si-Cu hypereutectic alloys in alcoholic environments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Traldi, S. M.

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Al-Si-Cu hypereutetic alloys produced by spray forming are mostly used in the automotive industry, especially for cylinder liners. They have the advantage of low weight associated with low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent mechanical properties - mainly wear resistance at high temperatures. The corrosion resistance of these alloys in fuels, particularly alcoholic media, however is not yet known. In this investigation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS and potentiodynamic polarisation have been used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of a hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu alloy in alcoholic environments. The EIS tests were carried out in pure ethanol, and ethanol with small additions (1 mM of acid and chloride, to investigate the effect of these contaminants on corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of a grey cast iron has also been evaluated in pure ethanol for comparison. The Al-Si-Cu alloy showed high corrosion resistance in pure ethanol, far superior to that of grey cast iron in the same medium.

    Aleaciones hipereutécticas producidas por conformación por spray son muy empleadas en la industria automovilística, especialmente en los revestimientos de los cilindros. Tienen la ventaja de añadir menos peso con bajo coeficiente de expansión térmica y excelentes propiedades mecánicas, sobre todo resistencia al desgaste en altas temperaturas. Todavía, la resistencia a la corrosión de estas aleaciones en combustibles no es conocida. En este estudio fueron utilizadas las técnicas de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y polarización potenciodinámica, para evaluar la resistencia a la corrosión de una aleación hipereutéctica Al-Si-Cu en medio alcohólico. Las pruebas fueron conducidas en etanol puro y etanol con pequeñas adiciones (1 mM de ácido y cloruro, con la finalidad de investigar el efecto de estos contaminantes en la resistencia a la corrosión. Hierro fundido gris, también fue

  11. Genetic parameters for quail body weights using a random ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A model including fixed and random linear regressions is described for analyzing body weights at different ages. In this study, (co)variance components, heritabilities for quail weekly weights and genetic correlations among these weights were estimated using a random regression model by DFREML under DXMRR option.

  12. Helminth community of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) from western Texas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landgrebe, Jill N; Vasquez, Barbara; Bradley, Russell G; Fedynich, Alan M; Lerich, Scott P; Kinsella, John M

    2007-02-01

    Forty-eight scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) were collected during August 2002 at Elephant Mountain Wildlife Management Area in Brewster County, Texas, and examined for helminths. Eight species of helminths were found (5 nematodes and 3 cestodes), representing 2,811 individuals. Of these species, Gongylonema sp., Procyrnea pileata, and Choanotaenia infundibulum are reported from scaled quail for the first time. Prevalence of Aulonocephalus pennula, Gongylonema sp., Oxyspirura petrowi, Physaloptera sp., P. pileata, C. infundibulum, Fuhrmannetta sp., and Rhabdometra odiosa was 98, 2, 56, 4, 60, 2, 25, and 35%, respectively. Aulonocephalus pennula numerically dominated, accounting for 88% of total worms. Statistical analyses were performed on the 5 species with > or = 25% prevalence using the after-hatch-year host sample (n = 38). Prevalence of P. pileata was higher (P = 0.049) in females than in males and higher (P = 0.037) in the sample collected from the site that had spreader dams (berms 1-2 m high and 4-55 m long constructed in varying sizes to catch and retain rainfall) than the control site (no spreader dams). Higher rank mean abundance of A. pennula and O. petrowi (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0052, respectively) was found in the host sample collected from the site that had spreader dams than the control site. A host gender-by-collection site interaction (P = 0.0215) was observed for P. pileata. Findings indicate that scaled quail are acquiring indirect life cycle helminths in arid western Texas habitats.

  13. Whole-Genome de novo Sequencing Of Quail And Grey Partridge

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, Lars-Erik; Panitz, Frank; Burt, Dave

    2011-01-01

    The development in sequencing methods has made it possible to perform whole genome de novo sequencing of species without large commercial interests. Within the EU-financed QUANTOMICS project (KBBE-2A-222664), we have performed de novo sequencing of quail (Coturnix coturnix) and grey partridge...... (Perdix perdix) on a Genome Analyzer GAII (Illumina) using paired-end sequencing. The amount of generated sequences amounts to 8 to 9 Gb for each species. The analysis and assembly of the generated sequences is ongoing. Access to the whole genome sequence from these two species will enable enhanced...... comparative studies towards the chicken genome and will aid in identifying evolutionarily conserved sequences within the Galliformes. The obtained sequences from quail and partridge represent a beginning of generating the whole genome sequence for these species. The continuation of establishing the genome...

  14. COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DETOMIDINE AND DETOMIDINE - KETAMINE COCKTAIL IN QUAILS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    U. F. Durrani, M. Ashraf and A. Khalid¹

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Twenty adult healthy quails (Coturnix coturnix were divided into two equal groups. One group was administered detomidine (2.4 mg/kg, I/M and other group was administered detomidine-ketamine cocktail (1.2 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg, I/M. Detomidine slowly and smoothly induced a light sedation accompanied by superficial analgesia, hypoventilation, hypothermia and bradycardia in all birds. Detomidine-ketamine cocktail rapidly and smoothly induced a deep anaesthesia accompanied by deep analgesia, hypoventilation, hypothermia and bradycardia and complete loss of all reflexes in all birds. In both groups, recovery from sedation and anaesthesia was smooth and of short duration. From this study it was concluded that for minor and least painful procedures in quails detomidine can be used alone, while for major and painful surgical procedures detomidine-ketamine combination should be preferred.

  15. Growth performance, meat quality traits, and genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci in 3 generations of Japanese quail populations (Coturnix japonica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tavaniello, S; Maiorano, G; Siwek, M; Knaga, S; Witkowski, A; Di Memmo, D; Bednarczyk, M

    2014-08-01

    The current research was conducted to compare growth, carcass traits, pH, intramuscular collagen (IMC) properties, and genetic bases of IMC and carcasses (breast-muscle weight) of different lines and generations of adult males and females of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Forty-four quails (generation F0), 22 Pharaoh (F-33) meat-type males and 22 Standard (S-22) laying-type females, were crossed to produce the F1 hybrids generation. The F2 generation was created by mating one F1 male with one F1 female, full siblings. The birds, randomly chosen from F0 (22 males and 22 females), F1 (22 males and 22 females), and F2 (84 males and 152 females) were raised to 20 wk of age in collective cages. Quails were fed ad libitum commercial diets. At slaughter, all birds were individually weighed (after a fasting period of 12 h) and dressing yield (without giblets) was calculated. The carcasses were then dissected. Genomic DNA was extracted from all of the blood, and 30 microsatellite markers located on 2 quail chromosomes were genotyped. The F -: 33 quails had higher in vivo and postmortem performances and a higher abdominal fat percentage than those of the egg line. Meat from S -: 22 quails had a slower collagen maturation (hydroxylysylpyridinoline crosslink/collagen) and a higher ultimate pH. The F1 and F2 generations showed an evident sexual dimorphism, and an additional effect could be due to hybrid heterosis evident in F2. Meat from quails of F1 and F2 generations had a lower IMC amount with a higher degree of collagen maturation compared with parental lines. Two statistically significant QTL have been detected on quail chromosome 2 (CJA02): a QTL with an additive effect (0.50) for IMC in the marker bracket GUJ0037 and GUJ0093; a second QTL with additive (1.32) and dominant (1.91) effects for breast-muscle weight in the marker bracket GUJ0084 and GUJ0073. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a QTL associated with breast-muscle weight and IMC in quail and

  16. Evaluación de la resistencia al choque térmico de recubrimientos de estructura gradual obtenidos mediante proyección plasma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guilemany, J. M.

    2001-12-01

    érmica y minimizando las tensiones que se producen durante los cambios bruscos de temperatura. En el presente trabajo se han optimizado las condiciones de proyección para la obtención de capas graduales y se ha comparado su resistencia al choque térmico con recubrimientos bicapa convencionales. Las condiciones de proyección se determinan de forma que sea posible la proyección conjunta de dos materiales con temperaturas de fusión muy diferentes, como son el NiCr y la ZrO2. De esta forma es posible obtener recubrimientos de estructura gradual utilizando únicamente una pistola. La resistencia al choque térmico de los recubrimientos graduales ha sido comparada con recubrimientos bicapa convencionales, obteniéndose una mejora de la vida media al eliminarse de forma gradual las superficies de contacto, a diferencia de los recubrimientos bicapa, donde se encuentran en contacto dos recubrimientos con Coeficientes de Expansión Térmica muy diferentes.

  17. Resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos ocasionada por bombas de eflujo

    OpenAIRE

    Marchetti, María Laura; Errecalde, Jorge Oscar; Mestorino, Olga Nora

    2011-01-01

    La resistencia a los antimicrobianos representa un severo problema a nivel mundial. Se han descripto variados mecanismos de resistencia, entre los cuales se encuentran las bombas de eflujo. Estas son proteínas transportadoras de membrana, organizadas en superfamilias y distribuidas ubicuamente entre organismos procariotas y eucariotas. Los genes que codifican para las bombas de eflujo pueden estar localizados en el cromosoma bacteriano o bien en elementos genéticos transmisibles como los plás...

  18. Resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae: Perú 1997-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Arias B

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un problema de salud pública, en este caso se presentan los resultados de la resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae entre los años 1997 y 2002 de las cepas confirmadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud, procedentes de los laboratorios referenciales regionales de las diferentes direcciones de salud del Perú. La confirmación se realizó mediante bioquímica y serotipificación; para las pruebas de sensibilidad se utilizó el método de disco difusión. Se evaluaron un total de 542 cepas de Salmonella, 1034 de Shigella y 603 de Vibrio cholerae. La resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina muestra un promedio de 74,4% durante los 6 años; cloramfenicol con 65,9 %, cotrimoxazol con 72,2 %. En Salmonella se observa un promedio de 3,46 % para ampicilina; 2,83 % para cloranfenicol; en gentamicina 3,9 % y cotrimoxazol 1,1. V. Cholerae entre 1997 y 1999 mostraron promedios de resistencia de 19 % a cotrimoxazol, 12,1 % a tetraciclina y 10,2 % a ampicilina. A partir del año 2000, no se reportaron casos, por lo que se recibieron pocas cepas de esta especie. Se evidencia el problema de resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina, cloramfenicol y cotrimoxazol.

  19. ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UNA DESPENSA VIVA DE SEMILLAS CRIOLLAS COMO APORTE A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SOBERANÍA Y RESISTENCIA ALIMENTARIA

    OpenAIRE

    Suárez Patiño, Angela; Mesa de los Ríos, Paola; Ángel Sánchez, Iván

    2013-01-01

    Frente al deterioro progresivo de la soberanía alimentaria y la pérdida gradual de las semillas que han sido históricamente conservadas y mejoradas por el campesinado, y a la amenaza que implica la implementación de diversos tratados y legislaciones en torno al uso de los recursos fitogenéticos, se hace necesario avanzar en la formulación de estrategias y mecanismos de resistencia que permitan que las semillas criollas y nativas no sólo se conserven sino que se recuperen para avanzar en el ca...

  20. Effects of a strength endurance training program on endurance levels Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de la fuerza-resistencia sobre los niveles de resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. C. Redondo

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available

    The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a strength endurance training program of lower limbs isolate can increase endurance levels, both aerobic capacity and aerobic power, in order to adapt the strength training for endurance races. 20 phisically active men participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: control group (GC (n=10 and experimental group (GE (n=10. GE carried out a strength endurance training program for ten weeks. Results obtained showed that this type of training regime was useful to improve the performance in an aerobic endurance test. This could be due to an improvement in aerobic capacity, maximal dynamic strength, explosive strength and reactive strength. Moreover, there was a decrease in fat mass without increase in muscle mass.
    Key Words:  Training, strength endurance, aerobic capacity, anthropometry.

     

    El presente estudio pretende comprobar que el trabajo aislado de la fuerza resistencia en miembros inferiores produce una mejora de los niveles de resistencia, en términos tanto de potencia como de capacidad aeróbica, optimizando así el entrenamiento de la fuerza para pruebas de resistencia de media y larga duración. Para ello, veinte sujetos participaron en el estudio, dividiéndose de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: grupo control (GC (n=10 y grupo experimental (GE (n=10 el cual llevó a cabo un entrenamiento de fuerza resistencia extensivo por intervalos, de diez semanas de duración. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que este tipo de entrenamiento es efectivo para mejorar el rendimiento en una prueba de resistencia aeróbica para sujetos físicamente activos, gracias a la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, de la fuerza máxima dinámica, elástico explosiva y elástico explosivo reactiva y a la disminución de los niveles de grasa

  1. The Effect of Fasting Pattern on Biological Performance of Quail at Early Production Period

    OpenAIRE

    Tugiyanti, Efka

    2005-01-01

    The objective of this research was to find out the effect of fasting pattern on biological performance of quail at early production period. 50 kg commercial feed, vitamins and medicine were applied on 140 heads of seven old day quail.  Four different fasting pattern were employed as treatment, i.e. ad libitum diet (Po); every two days fasting (P1); every three days fasting (P2); every four days fasting (P3); and every five days fasting (P4).   Ad libitum amount of  corn and water were offered...

  2. INFLUENCE OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION ON LAYING PRODUCTIVITY AND EGGS QUALITY IN JAPANESE QUAILS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martina Nickolova

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the current work was to examine the influence of Bulgarian phytoproduct VemoHerb T (dry extract of Tribulus terrestris –TT on laying productivity of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica and their egg morphological and sensor properties. A trial was organized with 52 female and 16 male Japanese quails from the breed Faraon at the age of 44 days randomly divided in four groups – control and three experimental groups, 13 female and 4 male each. All birds were fed ad libitum the same compound feed for Japanese quails. The trial lasted 10 weeks. The experimental groups received with the drink water the tested product in following daily doses: 4mg/kg body weight (10weeks; 10mg/kg body weight (the first 5 weeks of the trial; 10mg/kg body weight (10 weeks for Ist, IInd , IIInd experimental groups respectively. The addition of TT-extract improved significantly the laying productivity. It was found significant higher values of egg weight, albumen - and yolk weight in quails from IInd and IIIrd experimental groups. There was a tendency to increase the egg shell weight and egg shell thickness in all treated groups in comparison to the control group. The usе of VemoHerb T did not aggravate the sensor properties of the quails’ eggs.

  3. Effects of Herbal Essential Oil Mixture as a Dietary Supplement on Egg Production in Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Metin Çabuk

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available One hundred and eighty 7-week-old laying quail were fed various diets over a 12-week period. The diets included a control diet (without essential oil mixture (EOM or antibiotics (ANTs, a basal diet including EOM (24 mg/kg feed, and a basal diet including an ANT (avilamycin, 10 mg/kg feed. Each treatment comprised 4 replications with 4 cages (15 quail per cage, amounting to 60 quail per treatment group. Diets (in mash form and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. EOM consisted of 6 different essential oils derived from the following herbs: oregano (Origanum sp., laurel leaf (Laurus nobilis L., sage leaf (Salvia triloba L., myrtle leaf (Myrtus communis, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare, and citrus peel (Citrus sp.. In comparison with the control diet, adding supplements such as EOM and ANTs to the basal diet increased egg production in quail (P<0.001. However, egg production was similar between EOM and ANT treatment groups. Moreover, there were no differences between the treatment groups with regard to egg weight. Feed intake was not affected by EOM or ANT supplementation, whereas feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by EOM and ANT supplementation. Thus, we concluded that EOM has beneficial effects as a dietary supplement on egg production and feed conversion ratio.

  4. Resistencia a fármacos en pacientes en tratamiento antirretroviral, Cali, Colombia, 2008-2010

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge L. Martínez-Cajas; Héctor F. Mueses-Marín; Pablo Galindo-Orrego; Juan F. Agudelo; Jaime Galindo-Quintero

    2013-01-01

    Introducción. En Colombia se ha publicado poco sobre farmacorresistencia del VIH en pacientes que toman tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR). Las guías de VIH de Colombia de 2006 no recomiendan el uso de los estudios genotípicos de resistencia (EGR) en pacientes nunca expuestos a medicamentos antirretrovirales ni después del primer fracaso terapéutico. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de mutaciones de resistencia y el grado de susceptibilidad/resistencia del VIH a los antirretrovirales en...

  5. Molecular study for the sex identification in Japanese quails ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    use

    2011-12-14

    Dec 14, 2011 ... The aim of this study was to determine the sex of. Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) by DNA analysis. Chromo ... M, 100 bp DNA ladder (Fermentas, Germany); lane 1, negative control. (without DNA) .... low cost and reduced risk of contamination, and preven- .... Improving the reliability of molecular sexing.

  6. Responses of growing Japanese quails that received selenium from selenium enriched kale sprout (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chantiratikul, Anut; Chinrasri, Orawan; Pakmaruek, Pornpan; Chantiratikul, Piyanete; Thosaikham, Withpol; Aengwanich, Worapol

    2011-12-01

    The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of selenium (Se) from Se-enriched kale sprout (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) on the performance and Se concentrations in tissues of growing Japanese quails. Two hundred quails were divided into five treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates and each replicate contained ten quails in a completely randomize design. The experiment was conducted for 5 weeks. The treatments were T1, control diet; T2, control diet plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from sodium selenite; T3, T4, and T5, control diet plus 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg Se/kg from Se-enriched kale sprout. The results revealed that Se supplementation had no impact on feed intake, performance, and carcass characteristics of quails (p > 0.05). However, Se supplementation from both sodium selenite and Se-enriched kale sprout increased (p kale sprout. The results indicate that Se from Se-enriched kale sprout offers no advantage over Se from sodium selenite on tissue Se concentration.

  7. Bovine meat and bone meal is an economically viable alternative in quail feeding in the initial phase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla C. Pizzolante

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Quail egg production has experienced a steep rise in the last decade. Nutrition is the main factor affecting productive potential in the poultry industry, as appropriate nutritional management is necessary to ensure the maintenance of optimal physical conditions, growth and the production of high quality products. Meat and bone meal (MBM has often been used in the poultry industry as an alternative and cost-effective source of protein in partial replacement of corn and soybean meal. However, there have been no studies to date that have investigated the effect of dietary MBM on the performance of quail or on the costs of production in the starter phase. This is particularly important considering that this phase is characterized by large investments by producers, without immediate economic return. In this study, we investigated whether partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM by meat and bone meal (MBM in the diet of Japanese quail during the starter phase is a viable alternative that would maintain or improve their productive and economic performance. Our results show that the inclusion of MBM in the diet of quail reduces feeding costs by up to 6% without impairing productive performance.

  8. Bovine meat and bone meal is an economically viable alternative in quail feeding in the initial phase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pizzolante, Carla C; Kakimoto, Sérgio K; Moraes, José E; Saccomani, Ana Paula O; Soares, Daniela F; Paschoalin, Gustavo C; Budiño, Fábio E L

    2016-05-31

    Quail egg production has experienced a steep rise in the last decade. Nutrition is the main factor affecting productive potential in the poultry industry, as appropriate nutritional management is necessary to ensure the maintenance of optimal physical conditions, growth and the production of high quality products. Meat and bone meal (MBM) has often been used in the poultry industry as an alternative and cost-effective source of protein in partial replacement of corn and soybean meal. However, there have been no studies to date that have investigated the effect of dietary MBM on the performance of quail or on the costs of production in the starter phase. This is particularly important considering that this phase is characterized by large investments by producers, without immediate economic return. In this study, we investigated whether partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in the diet of Japanese quail during the starter phase is a viable alternative that would maintain or improve their productive and economic performance. Our results show that the inclusion of MBM in the diet of quail reduces feeding costs by up to 6% without impairing productive performance.

  9. Resistencia del hormigón en estructuras terminadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tobío, J. M.

    1968-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper deals, in a highly practical manner, with the question of determining the true strength of concrete in its final functional state, and it also contains recommendations on safety, and on the dispersal of results. Some testing methods are mentioned and discussed, which are applicable to working site use, and detailed information is given on the precautions that should be taken so that a non destructive auscultation should give reliable data on the actual strength of the concrete.Desde un punto de vista eminentemente práctico, se aborda el problema de la verdadera resistencia del hormigón terminado, con ciertas indicaciones respecto a la seguridad y las dispersiones. Se citan y comentan algunos métodos de ensayo, de especial aplicación en obra, y se muestran, con bastante detalle, las precauciones que es preciso tomar para que una auscultación no destructiva responda fielmente al estado resistente actual del hormigón.

  10. Influencia del filler calizo en las propiedades de los morteros a resistencia constante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández, Francisco

    1994-03-01

    Full Text Available This article studies the effects produced by the lime filler on the Portugal cement used with additions in the production of mortars. The starting point is a Portland cement to which different ratios of lime filler, ranging from 0-50%, are added. The next step consists of preparing mortar specimens using standardized sand as aggregate, curing them up to the age of 28 days when they are put to flexo-tensile and compression tests. The mortar strength is fixed at the age of 28 days, making it coincide with the strength of a pattern cement mortar (cement without additions of the same age. Then the effects of the filler on the slump and the water cement relation are observed for fixed strength.

    En este artículo se estudian los efectos producidos por el "filler" calizo en el cemento portland al utilizar este cemento con adiciones, en la fabricación de morteros. Se parte de un cemento portland al que se le añaden proporciones de "filler" calizo desde O hasta el 50%, y se preparan probetas de mortero utilizando como árido arena normalizada, curándose a continuación hasta la edad de 28 días, fecha en la que se someten a rotura por flexotracción y compresión. La resistencia de los morteros se fija a la edad de 28 días, haciéndola coincidir con la de un mortero de cemento patrón (cemento sin adiciones a la misma edad, y se observan, a resistencia fija, los efectos del "filler" sobre el escurrimiento y relación agua/cemento.

  11. Desarrollo conceptual de un sistema integrado para el control de calidad en mediciones de resistencia al deslizamiento Conceptual development of an integrated system for quality control of skid resistance measurements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernán de Solminihac

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La seguridad es uno de los aspectos principales a considerar cuando se evalúa la calidad de servicio provista por un camino. Por lo tanto, la determinación precisa de la fricción superficial del pavimento adquiere suma importancia como parte de un plan de gestión de redes viales. Actualmente se emplean diversos equipos y procedimientos para medir la resistencia al deslizamiento en superficies de pavimento, tales como el Péndulo Británico, GripTester y SCRIM, entre otros. Con estos equipos se recopila información en terreno que se compara posteriormente respecto a valores umbrales que se consideran aceptables. Con el fin de asegurar una confiabilidad y nivel de calidad aceptables para esos resultados, se debe realizar un monitoreo constante a los procedimientos de medición, así como revisiones y calibración de los instrumentos. Este artículo propone una metodología general para el control de calidad en instrumentos y mediciones de resistencia al deslizamiento. Tal metodología ha sido diseñada usando listas de verificación y aplicando conceptos estadísticos de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad. La metodología fue aplicada para evaluar el nivel de calidad alcanzado por instrumentos y procedimientos de medición de resistencia al deslizamiento empleados en Chile, con buenos resultados. La calidad de los procedimientos de evaluación incluidos en dicha metodología también fue verificada, usando las técnicas de análisis estadísticos Seis-Sigma, lo que contribuyó significativamente a mejorar el sistema de control de calidad propuesto.Safety is one of the main issues that must be considered when evaluating the quality of service provided by a road. Therefore, skid resistance measurement procedures are quite important components of a road management system. Currently, many equipments and procedures are used to measure skid resistance in pavement surfaces, like British Pendulum, GripTester, SCRIM, among others. Skid resistance data

  12. MARCADORES MOLECULARES ASOCIADOS CON RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD PUNTA MORADA EN PAPA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferm\\u00EDn Orona-Castro

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar marcadores DNA Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPDs y Secuencias Simples Repetidas (SSR s también conocidos como Mi crosatélites asocia dos con la resistencia al daño causado por fitoplasmas en papa. Se evaluó la severidad de la punta morada de la papa (PMP y la apa rición de color pardo en el tubérculo, así como también se realizaron análisis moleculares en varie dades y líneas avanzadas de papa . El estudio se realizó en el laboratorio de biotecnología de la Facultad de Cie ncia s Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - Instituto Na cional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INI FAP, México en el 2003 y 2004. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron RAPDs y SSRs también conocido microsatélites. Tres genotip os mostraron resistencia a la apa rición del color pardo deltubérculo, mie ntras que del análisis molecular seis materia les formaron un grupo que incluyó los genotip os con valores de daño mínimos (entre uno y tres de la escala. Los genotip os restantes formaron dos grupos con presencia de color pardo en el tubérculo mayor (entre cinco y siete. Se identificaron marcadores moleculares posiblemente asocia dos con tolerancia a la coloración parda del tubérculo. En el análisis de componentes principa les y el dendograma generado los materia les que presentaron menor severidad de daño, quedaron incluidos en un mismo grupo, mie ntras que materia les con mayor severidad de daño quedaron en un grupo diferente

  13. Caracterización molecular de la región determinante de resistencia a quinolonas (QRDR de la topoisomerasa IV de Bartonella bacilliformis en aislados clínicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abraham Espinoza-Culupú

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Bartonella bacilliformis es el agente etiológico de la Enfermedad de Carrión, endémica del Perú. Pocas investigaciones han sido realizadas acerca de los genes asociados a la resistencia antimicrobiana en aislados clínicos de este patógeno. Estos genes no están caracterizados molecularmente, ni se conoce la región asociada a dicha resistencia. Por ello, el objetivo del este trabajo fue caracterizar molecularmente la región determinante de la resistencia a las quinolonas (QRDR en la topoisomerasa IV, que está codificada por los genes parC y parE, así como también desarrollar una prueba de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana para B. bacilliformis. Las muestras sanguíneas de 65 pacientes procedentes de La Libertad, Cusco, Ancash y Piura, se sembraron en placas de agar sangre e incubaron a 30 °C con 5% CO2. Luego se procedió a: (1 determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y (2 extraer el DNA genómico, amplificar los genes mencionados, secuenciarlos y analizarlos mediante herramientas bioinformáticas. Se obtuvieron 6 cultivos positivos. Los aislados fueron sensibles a la ciprofloxacina (excepto uno procedente de Quillabamba-Cusco, que presentó susceptibilidad disminuida y resistentes al ácido nalidíxico. Del análisis de las secuencias aminoacídicas de ParC y ParE de B. bacilliformis se concluye que presentan diferencias aminoacídicas en comparación con las secuencias de las proteínas respectivas de E. coli K12 MG1655, que probablemente confieran resistencia al ácido nalidíxico pero no a la ciprofloxacina. Se determinó que las QRDR de las proteínas ParC y ParE de B. bacilliformis están comprendidas entre los aminoácidos 67 al 118 y 473 al 530, respectivamente. El antibiograma y la concentración mínima inhibitoria se evalúan mejor usando inóculos a escala 1 de McFarland y a los 6 días de incubación.

  14. Evaluación de marcadores moleculares asociados con resistencia a gota (Phytophthora infestans L. en papas diploides y tetraploides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. K. Juyó

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Evaluation of molecular markers associated with resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans L.  in diploid and tetraploid potatoes Resumen La papa, cultivo de importancia a nivel mundial es gravemente afectado por gota, enfermedad ocasionada por el oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Actualmente la forma más efectiva para combatir la enfermedad es mediante el desarrollo de cultivares resistentes al patógeno. Para esto, una estrategia es identificar genes que confieran resistencia al patógeno, para lo cual se buscan marcadores asociados con el carácter de resistencia. En este estudio se evaluaron marcadores moleculares tipo SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region: CosA, GP179, BA47f2 y Prp1 asociados con resistencia a P. infestans y el gen de resistencia R1, en 22 cultivares tetraploides pertenecientes a la subespecie andigena y cinco especies silvestres. Se evaluó el polimorfismo y se determinó si los alelos polimórficos permitían diferenciar genotipos resistentes de susceptibles. Se comparó el  tamaño de los fragmentos obtenidos con los fragmentos esperados asociados con resistencia de acuerdo a reportes. El análisis se realizó considerando presencia/ausencia de los fragmentos: CosA210, CosA250, R11400, R11800, BA47f2500, GP179570, Prp1300, Prp1600, y Prp1900. Los resultados indicaron que en los cultivares tetraploides y silvestres, se presentaron polimorfismos en todos los marcadores evaluados, con excepción del marcador GP179. No se encontró correlación entre el rasgo de resistencia y los alelos. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que hay repuesta diferencial a los marcadores entre las subsp. tuberosum y subsp. Andigena.   Palabras clave: Phytophthora infestans, resistencia a gota, marcadores diagnóstico, Solanum tuberosum subsp. Andigena. Abstract Potato is an important worldwide crop seriously affected by late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Currently, the

  15. Age determination in juvenile bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petrides, G.A.; Nestler, R.B.

    1943-01-01

    Following methods described by Louis Bureau (1911, 1913) in France,tabulations were made (1) of the ages at which captivity-reared bob-white quail (Colinus virginianus) dropped their juvenal remiges, and (2) the rates at which post-juvenal replxcement primaries grew. These were arranged so as to permit the determination of age in healthv birds from one to five months of age. The degree of individual variation was much greater than that found by Bureau, however. and limits accuracy in age determination after the 10th week..... The post-juvenal wing molt began on the birds' 28th day and ended when the quail were 146 to 154 days old.The post-juvenal body molt was found to take place largely between the 70th and 100th days. The juvenal rectrices were renewed from the 62nd to the 122nd days, the new feathers being as long as their longest coverts when the birds were 116 days old. The color of the tarsi varied from pink, at 32 days of age, to straw color at 60 days, and yellow-gray from 83 to 180 days. At six months, the color of the beak was identical with that of adults.....Unlike several other game bird species, the flexibility of the lower jaw was not an accurate index to age in bob-whites older than 11 weeks. Rigor mortis and freezing were found to hinder the testing of this criterion.

  16. Molecular study for the sex identification in Japanese quails ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    In many birds' species such as Japanese quail, sex determination in young and many adult birds is very difficult. Nowadays, sex identification of animals throughout their lives is possible by molecular genetic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim of this study was to determine the sex of Japanese ...

  17. Haemosporidian infection in captive masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi), an endangered subspecies of the northern bobwhite quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pacheco, M. Andreína; Escalante, Ananias A.; Garner, Michael M.; Bradley, Gregory A.; Aguilar, Roberto F.

    2011-01-01

    The avian haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa) are taxonomically diverse and cosmopolitan in distribution; infecting most bird families. Sources of concern are reports of clinical haemosporidian infections in birds kept as part of zoo and aviary collections. Recently, severe and acute mortality episodes have been reported in masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi), an endangered subspecies from the American Southwest. Two hundred and five eggs of the captive flock held in Arivaca, Arizona, were hatched at a zoo in the American Southwest. Thirty four sub-adult or adult animals had lesions associated with tissue phases of hemoparasites, especially vasculitis, ventricular leiomyositis and ulcerative pododermatitis. Molecular techniques applied to blood collected from the zoo’s last twelve remaining animals resulted in the detection of a Plasmodium juxtanucleare-like and Haemoproteus sp. parasites. A Raven (Corvus corax), in a contiguous exhibit, was positive for the same Plasmodium juxtanucleare-like parasite, but remained asymptomatic for three years following detection. These findings indicate that other birds in the exhibit within the zoo premises could act as reservoirs. We conclude that haemosporidian infections could be a factor in the demise of the captive masked bobwhite quails housed at the zoo. We suggest that active surveillance for haemoporidian parasites should be incorporated as a precaution to ex-situ conservation efforts of susceptible endangered species. PMID:21726940

  18. Isolation and characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in the commercial turkey, quail flocks and domestic pigeons by bacteriological and molecular methods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Banani, M.

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT is a respiratory pathogen which has been isolated throughout the world from numerous bird species. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize the ORT from domestic turkeys, quails and pigeons. For this purpose, 250 samples from each bird species (turkey, quail and pigeon with or without respiratory signs were tested by taking of tracheal swabs. In addition, respiratory tissue samples (tracheal and lung, from 250 slaughtered turkeys, 50 slaughtered quails and 100dead pigeons were also subjected to culture for ORT as tracheal swabs. Respiratory tissues were also tested for bacterial DNA by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR. In general, 30 isolates including 4 isolates from turkeys, 3 isolates from quails and 23 isolates from pigeons were identified as ORT by bacteriologicalmethod and then confirmed by PCR. Bacterial DNA was detected in 20%, 50% and 35% of respiratory tissues in turkeys, quails and pigeons respectively. Five ORT isolates from pigeon and all four isolates from turkey showed smaller colony size, while other isolates had larger colonies when cultured in blood agar. Fifty percent of the isolates with larger colony but none of the isolates with small colony size could agglutinate red blood cells (RBCs. All of the isolates were sensitive to danofloxacin and chloramphenicolwhile more than 90% of pigeon isolates were resistant to ampicillin. All of turkey and quail and 30% of pigeon isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Our ORT isolates showed high identity (98%- 100% insequence of 16S rRNA gene to related data in GeneBank.

  19. The Use of Sweet Almond Meal as a Protein Source in Japanese Quails Diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arjomandi MA

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available In the first experiment, the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME, AME corrected for nitrogen (AMEn, true metabolizable energy (TME, TME corrected for nitrogen (TMEn values of the sweet almond meal were determined in adult Leghorn cockerels. The second experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet almond meal at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg on Japanese quail's growth performance, some blood metabolites, relative weight of different organs, meat quality and egg yolk cholesterol in a completely randomized design with 288 Japanese quails including 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 18 birds per replicate. The metabolizable energy values of sweet almond meal were following: AME = 3734, AMEn = 3648, TME = 3908, TMEn = 3746 kcal/kg as fed basis. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and live weight gain and relative weight of different organs in the birds fed diets with different levels of the sweet almond meal were not statistically different from control. A sweet almond meal at 300 g/kg level showed the lower serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05 compared to control and 100 g/kg sweet almond meal. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on the total cholesterol content of quail's eggs. Malondialdehyde concentration in breast meat samples after 40 days freezing decreased, whereas the level of sweet almond meal increased (P < 0.01. In general, a sweet almond meal without any adverse effect on growth performance is a good source of energy and protein and can be used up to 300 g/kg of the Japanese quail diets.

  20. Infection levels of the eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi and caecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula in the northern bobwhite and scaled quail from the Rolling Plains of Texas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunham, N R; Peper, S T; Downing, C; Brake, E; Rollins, D; Kendall, R J

    2017-09-01

    Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) have experienced chronic declines within the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas. Parasitic infection, which has long been dismissed as a problem in quail, has not been studied thoroughly until recently. A total of 219 northern bobwhite and 101 scaled quail from Mitchell County, Texas were captured and donated from 2014 to 2015, and examined for eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) infections. In 2014, bobwhites averaged 19.6 ± 1.8 eyeworms and 98.6 ± 8.2 caecal worms, and 23.5 ± 2.1 eyeworms and 129.9 ± 10.7 caecal worms in 2015. Scaled quail averaged 4.8 ± 1.0 eyeworms and 50 ± 6.8 caecal worms in 2014, and 5.7 ± 1.3 eyeworms and 38.1 ± 7.1 caecal worms in 2015. This study expands the knowledge of parasitic infection in quail inhabiting the Rolling Plains of Texas. A significant difference was documented in O. petrowi infection between species but there was no significant difference in A. pennula between quail species. No significant difference was detected in parasite infection between the sexes of both northern bobwhite and scaled quail. This study also documented the highest reported O. petrowi infection in both species of quail. Additional research is needed on the life history and infection dynamics of O. petrowi and A. pennula infections to determine if there are individual- and/or population-level implications due to parasitic infection.

  1. Modified saponification and HPLC methods for analyzing carotenoids from the retina of quail: implications for its use as a nonprimate model species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toomey, Matthew B; McGraw, Kevin J

    2007-09-01

    To investigate carotenoid content in the retina of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), for comparison with carotenoids in human retina, and to assess the effects of different saponification procedures on the recovery of quail retinal carotenoids. Extracted retinal carotenoids were saponified with methods adapted from recent studies, then identified and quantified with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To assess the effects of saponification conditions on carotenoid recovery from quail retina, we varied base concentration and the total time of saponification across a wide range and again used HPLC to compare carotenoid concentrations among conditions. Astaxanthin and galloxanthin were the dominant carotenoids recovered in the quail retina, along with smaller amounts of five other carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, 3'-epilutein, epsilon-carotene, and an unidentified carotenoid). Astaxanthin was sensitive to saponification conditions; recovery was poor with strong bases (0.2 and 0.5 M KOH) and best with weak bases (0.01 and 0.2 M KOH). In contrast, xanthophyll carotenoids (galloxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, and the unknown) were best recovered with strong base after 6 hours of saponification at room temperature. The recovery of epsilon-carotene was not affected by saponification conditions. Separate chemical hydrolysis procedures--using a strong base to recover xanthophylls and a weak base to recover astaxanthin--should be used for maximizing recovery of quail retinal carotenoids. Because the dominant carotenoids in quail retina are absent in human retina, and because of their different packaging (e.g., esterified in oil droplets) and light-absorbance properties compared with xanthophylls in the human eye, use of the quail as a model organism for studying human retinal carotenoids should be approached with caution.

  2. DDE increased the toxicity of parathion to coturnix quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ludke, J.L.

    1977-01-01

    Adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) were exposed to DDE or chlordane in the diet and subsequently dosed with parathion or paraoxon. Pretreatment with 5 or 50 ppm DDE in the diet for 12 weeks resulted in increased cholinesterase (ChE) activity in plasma, but not in the brain. Dietary concentrations of 5 and 50 ppm DDE caused increased susceptibility of quail that were challenged with parathion or paraoxon. The increased mortality resulting from DDE pretreatment was reflected in brain ChE inhibition. The synergistic action of DDE was apparent after 3 days of exposure to 50 ppm DDE and 1 week of exposure to 5 ppm DDE. Birds exposed for 3 weeks to 5 or 50 ppm DDE retained their DDE-potentiated sensitivity to parathion after 2 weeks on clean diet. Chlordane pretreatment resulted in decreased susceptibility (antagonism) to parathion, but not to paraoxon dosage. Implications of differing responses in ChE and mortality among controls, DDE-, and chlordane-pretreated birds after parathion or paraoxon dosage are discussed.

  3. Los espejos no afectan de manera crónica variables psicológicas en mujeres que realizan un programa de entrenamiento contra resistencia o actividades pasivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isaura Castillo Hernández

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del estudio fue examinar el efecto crónico de la presencia de espejos en el entorno en el que se realiza ejercicio contra resistencia o actividades pasivas, sobre variables psicológicas de ansiedad fisicosocial (AFS, consciencia corporal objetivada (inspección corporal, IPC; vergüenza corporal, VC; y creencias de control de la apariencia, CCA; y sobre algunas variables de la imagen corporal, como la satisfacción con las partes del cuerpo (SPC, la silueta actual, la silueta deseada, y la satisfacción corporal (SC. Participaron 52 mujeres (promedio de edad 22,6 ± 8,21 años, quienes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos experimentales: a 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70 % de 1 Repetición Máxima (1RM con espejo, b 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70  % de 1RM sin espejo, c 25 min de actividades pasivas con espejo y d 25 min. de actividades pasivas sin espejo. Las participantes realizaron una sesión semanal de tratamiento, durante seis semanas. No se encontraron interacciones dobles o triples importantes. Las pruebas de ANOVA revelaron efectos principales de la medición sobre la inspección corporal (p = 0,04, sobre la silueta deseada (p ≤ 0,001 y sobre la SC (p < 0,05; y del ejercicio sobre la silueta actual (p = 0,03. Se concluye que no se observa un efecto crónico de un programa de ejercicios contra resistencia o de actividades pasivas realizadas por mujeres en variables psicológicas cuando el ejercicio o las actividades se realizan en un contexto con y sin espejos.

  4. INCLUSION OF GUAVA WASTES IN THE DIET OF EUROPEAN QUAILS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Carlos Lemos Camelo

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available This experiment was conducted to analyze the performance and carcass characteristics of European quail fed agroindustry residue of guava in substitution of corn. 140 birds were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets with levels of guava waste inclusion (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% to a diet based on corn and soybean meal. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05 for the variables: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, weight and carcass yield and prime cuts (breast, drumstick and thigh wings, back , neck, head, feet and foodstuffs organs (heart, liver and gizzard. The guava waste can be used as alternative ingredient in the diets of European quail in the period of 16-38 days of age, up to the level of 10% inclusion without depressing the performance and yield of poultry carcasses.

  5. Patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de enterococos aislados de aguas estuarinas Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from estuarine waters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Baldini

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available La llegada al ambiente de bacterias antibiótico-resistentes compromete su calidad higiénico sanitaria. Se analizó la prevalencia de diferentes especies de Enterococcus en aguas del estuario de Bahía Blanca y sus patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos. Se identificaron bioquímicamente 103 aislamientos . Para evaluar la resistencia a antibióticos se implementó la técnica de difusión en agar utilizando discos de vancomicina (Van 30 µg, gentamicina (GenH 120 µg, estreptomicina (StrH 300 µg, teicoplanina (T 30 µg, ampicilina (Am 10 µg y ciprofloxacina (CIP 5 µg, según normas del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Se identificaron siete especies de Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecium y Enterococcus faecalis resultaron ser las más frecuentes. El 1,9% de los enterococos presentó resistencia de alto nivel a los aminoglucósidos y no hubo aislamientos con resistencia simultánea a StrH y GenH. El 12,6% de los aislamientos resultó resistente a CIP. No se detectaron resistencias a los glucopéptidos, ni a la Am. El 34% de los aislamientos fue sensible a todos los antibióticos probados. Tradicionalmente, la vigilancia de la dispersión de resistencias bacterianas se realiza con microorganismos de muestras clínicas. Los hallazgos de este trabajo constituyen un dato relevante para el control de cepas resistentes, las que se creían circunscriptas al ámbito hospitalario y que, sin embargo, se encuentran circulando en el ambiente.The introduction of antibioticresistant bacteria to the environment, affects its hygienic-sanitary quality. The objective of this work is to study the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci species isolated from Bahía Blanca estuarine waters. One hundred and three isolates were biochemically identified as Enterococcus spp. The diffusion technique was implemented, by using disks of: vancomycin (Van 30 µg, gentamicin (GenH 120 µg, streptomycin (StrH 300 µg, teicoplanin (T

  6. Vigilancia de la resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a las drogas antituberculosas en Cuba, 1995-1998.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Montoro

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available La vigilancia de la resistencia a fármacos a través del cultivo y de las pruebas de susceptibilidad in vitro permite conocer la magnitud regional y mundial de la resistencia en tuberculosis. En el presente trabajo se determinó la prevalencia de la resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos en Cuba, durante el periodo 1995-1998 en casos nuevos y en aquéllos que han recibido tratamiento previo. Los resultados incluidos en este estudio forman parte de los dos proyectos mundiales organizados por la OMS/UICTER. La resistencia a los medicamentos se evaluó usando el método de las proporciones en 1.379 cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos de primera línea (isoniacida, rifampicina, estreptomicina y etambutol. La resistencia en casos nuevos fue del 8,3% y 6,5% y la resistencia múltiple a fármacos (multidrug-resistance, MDR fue del 0,7% y 0% en el primer y segundo estudio, respectivamente. Estos resultados permitieron demostrar la escasa circulación de cepas MDR en Cuba; se reconoció a nivel mundial el buen funcionamiento del Programa Nacional de Control y el éxito de la aplicación en nuestro país de la estrategia del tratamiento estrictamente supervisado desde 1971.

  7. Cálculo de la resistencia a la penetración en hojas de aloe vera (Barbadenses Miller

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Torres Charry

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Para caracterizar la resistencia a la penetración de hojas de aloe vera, variedad Barbadenses Miller, se diseñó una máquina y se establecieron los protocolos de medición para desplazamiento y fuerza necesarios para medir la resistencia a la penetración en tres puntos diferentes de las hojas. Los resultados mostraron que no existe una relación lineal entre el desplazamiento del indentador en la hoja y la fuerza de penetración. Por otro lado, se encontró que no existen diferencias en los valores de la fuerza de penetración al evaluar ésta en distintos puntos para una misma hoja. Se hallaron diferencias en los valores obtenidos entre hojas diferentes, lo que permite suponer que existe influencia de las características dimensionales de las hojas en el valor de la fuerza de penetración. Los valores máximos obtenidos para la fuerza de penetración variaron entre 22 y 27 N, para una velocidad de avance de la herramienta de 2.6 mm/s.

  8. EFFECT OF USING SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS (ANISE, CHAMOMILE AND GINGER) ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ABU TALEB, A.M.; HAMODI, S.J.; EL AFIFI, SH.F.

    2008-01-01

    This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding medicinal plants to Japanese quail diet on their performance and some metabolic functions. Four hundred, one day old, unsexed Japanese quails were used in this study. Quails were divided equally into four groups of 100 birds each according to medicinal plant additives. Group one was control (without additives, and the other groups contained 0.3% from anise (group 2), chamomile (group 3) and ginger (group 4). The end of the experiment was terminated when birds were 6 weeks old. Body weight, feed intake, some organs weight and some blood parameters were measured.The results indicated that addition of medicinal plants (anise, chamomile and ginger) improved growth rate, carcass and the relative weights of spleen, ovary and testis. Also, significant increases were observed in RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV, total protein and globulin. There was reduction in cholesterol in treated groups as compared to the control.The present results confirmed the beneficial effects of dietary medicinal plants (anise, chamomile and ginger) to improve the health condition as well as the productive and physiological characteristics of quails

  9. COMPARATIVE HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE THYMUS WITH REFERENCE TO ITS IMMUNOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE IN QUAIL, CHICKEN AND DUCK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. R. Senapati

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available A comparative histomorphological study was conducted on thymus of broiler chicken, duck and quail. The thymus of all three species of post-hatch (adult birds showed a thin connective tissue capsule. However, fine septa originating from the capsule divided the organ into incomplete but distinct lobules in chicken, whereas lobules were ill defined in both quail and duck. Each lobule, in turn, was composed of a peripheral cortex, densely studded with lymphocytes and a central medulla that was enriched with epithelial reticular cells. So, the cortex appeared more basophilic than that of medulla. But the concentration of lymphocyte, an immune competent cell was highest in chicken followed by duck and quail. Hassall’s corpuscles like structures were found inside the medulla as pale stained diffuse body. General histo-architecture was almost similar in all the birds.

  10. [The composition of lipids and lipid peroxidation in the pancreas of quails exposed to nitrates and correction by the amaranth's seeds].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsekhmistrenko, S I; Ponomarenko, N V

    2013-01-01

    Researches of features of lipid composition, functioning of the system of antioxidant defense, maintenance of lipid peroxidation products in the quail's pancreas on the early postnatal ontogenesis stages are conducted for actions of nitrates and feeding with amaranth's seeds in mixed fodder. The arrival of nitrates in the organism of quails results in the decline of general lipids maintenance and nonetherified fat acids in the pancreas. Using of amaranth's seeds in mixed fodder on the background of the nitrate loading results in the increase of activity of the enzimes system of antioxidant defence, the growth of general lipid level in the quail's pancreas. Thus in correlation with separate classes of lipid maintenance of cholesterol goes down for certain, whereas the maintenance of triacylglycerols and ethers of cholesterol rises. The results obtained in the researches show the ability of amaranth's seeds to avert oxidative stress in quail's pancreas under nitrates influence.

  11. Ascorbic acid and melatonin reduce heat-induced performance inhibition and oxidative stress in Japanese quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sahin, N; Onderci, M; Sahin, K; Gursu, M F; Smith, M O

    2004-02-01

    1. The effects of ascorbic acid (L-ascorbic acid) and melatonin supplementation on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA) as lipid peroxidation indicator, ascorbic acid, retinol, tocopherol and mineral status in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. Two hundred and forty Japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds each. The birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at 22 degrees C (Thermoneutral, TN groups) or 34 degrees C (for 8 h/d; 09:00 to 17:00 h; Heat stress, HS groups). Birds in both TN and HS were fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet (Ascorbic acid group), 40 mg of melatonin/kg of diet (Melatonin group) or both (Ascorbic acid + Melatonin group). 3. Supplementing heat-stressed quails with ascorbic acid and melatonin improved performance compared with the control group. Effects generally were greatest in quails supplemented with both ascorbic acid and melatonin. 4. Although supplementation did not consistently restore the concentrations of serum ascorbic acid, retinol and tocopherol to those of TN groups, these concentrations increased significantly with supplementation. Furthermore, serum and liver MDA and serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations were lower in the supplemented groups than in the heat-stressed controls. 5. Within each environment, excretion of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cr were lowest in the combination group and, in all cases, highest in the HS group. Interactions between diet and temperature were detected for live weight gain, cold carcase weight, MDA, ascorbic acid, tocopherol concentrations and excretion of zinc. 6. The results of the study indicate that ascorbic acid and melatonin supplementation attenuate the decline in performance and antioxidant and mineral status caused by heat stress and such

  12. AUMENTO EN LA RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE UN ACERO T91 ALUMINIZADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUZ S. QUINTERO

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El acero ferrítico T91 ha sido ampliamente utilizado en plantas de generación de energía eléctrica, calderas y plantas nucleares. Sin embargo, su resistencia a la oxidación se ve gravemente afectada a temperaturas superiores a los 600ºC. En esta investigación se empleó la técnica de cementación empacada para aluminizar un acero T91 y se encontraron las condiciones óptimas para la formación de un recubrimiento libre de porosidad y con espesor uniforme (300 micras. Se evaluó la capa de óxido formada luego de una exposición a 800ºC en atmósfera de aire. La caracterización del recubrimiento y de la capa de óxido (Al2O3 se llevó a cabo empleando un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM, Espectroscopia de Rayos X (EDX y mapping. Se comprobó una buena resistencia a la oxidación del acero T91 aluminizado, debido a la formación de una fina capa continua de óxido de aluminio de aproximadamente 6 micras de espesor luego de una exposición de 7 días.

  13. Egg shell quality in Japanese quail: characteristics, heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic relationships.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Narinc, D; Aygun, A; Karaman, E; Aksoy, T

    2015-07-01

    The objective of the present study was to estimate heritabilities as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations for egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell ratio, egg shell strength, egg length, egg width and shell weight in Japanese quail eggs. External egg quality traits were measured on 5864 eggs of 934 female quails from a dam line selected for two generations. Within the Bayesian framework, using Gibbs Sampling algorithm, a multivariate animal model was applied to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for external egg quality traits. The heritability estimates for external egg quality traits were moderate to high and ranged from 0.29 to 0.81. The heritability estimates for egg and shell weight of 0.81 and 0.76 were fairly high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between egg shell strength with specific gravity, shell ratio and shell weight ranging from 0.55 to 0.79 were relatively high. It can be concluded that it is possible to determine egg shell quality using the egg specific gravity values utilizing its high heritability and fairly high positive correlation with most of the egg shell quality traits. As a result, egg specific gravity may be the choice of selection criterion rather than other external egg traits for genetic improvement of egg shell quality in Japanese quails.

  14. Uses of irradiation or sodium tripolyphosphate for shelf-life extension of quail carcasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rady, A.H.; Khalaf, H.H.; Afifi, E.A.; Nasr, E.H.

    2002-01-01

    this investigation aims to study the possibility of using gamma iraadiation or sodium tripolyphoshate (STPP) for increasing shelf-life of quail carcasses during cold storage. The quail carcasses were gamma irradiated at 4, 6 and 8 kGy or soaked in 3% STPP. The effect of these treatments on the organoleptic, microbiological aspects and chemical properties of samples under investigation were evaluated during cold storage (4± 1C degree). The results indicated that, the chemical compositions of samples did not alter by gamma irradiation or soaking in STPP. Futhermore, treatment had no deterious effects on the organoleptic properties of quail samples. Meanwhile, irradiation of samples at doses of 4, 6 and 8 kGy or soaking in STPP greatly reduced its microbial count and prolonged the shelf-life for 15,21,24 and 9 days at 4 ± 1 Cdegree in comparison with 6 days for control samples. Moreover, the acid value (A.V), peroxide value (P.V) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were increased after irradiation, while total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content had no real change by this treatment. On the other hand, soakking in STPP treatment decreased these values and gradual increases were observed during cold storage

  15. Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and amino acid profile of different Japanese quails strains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasr, Mohammed A F; Ali, El-Shimaa M R; Hussein, Mohamed A

    2017-12-01

    Poultry production is considered one of the prospective opportunities to accomplish sustainable and quick production of superior protein to challenge the growing mandate for animal protein. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the difference on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and amino acid profile of different Japanese quails strains. A total of 480 quail chicks of four different plumage colors (120 of each white, golden, gray and brown) were collected after hatching. At 6 week of age, birds were stunned and decapitated to determine the physical meat quality, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and amino acid profile. White quails had the highest weight of slaughter, carcass, dressing, carcass yield, liver, gizzard, heart and spleen (197.27 g, 169.27 g, 91%, 82%, 6.63 g, 6.53 g, 2.27 g and 0.40 g, respectively). Also, they had the highest Ph U , lightness, yellowness and water holding capacity with the lowest level of redness, cooking losses and thiobarbituric acid in pectoral (6.28, 46.40, 12,46, 22.17, 9.20, 19.21 and 0.44, respectively) and thigh muscles (6.37, 42.30, 11.51, 26.01, 10.12 and 0.93, respectively). Moreover, they possessed the highest level of all essential (11.68 and 10.16 g/100 g protein in pectoral and thigh muscles, respectively) and non essential amino acids (13.27 and 12.54 g/100 g protein in pectoral and thigh muscles, respectively). Therefore, the current study revealed that white quails had the heaviest body weight with the best carcass traits and meat quality.

  16. Influence of some probiotics on blood components, productive and reproductive performance of japanese quails

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abu-Taleb, A M; Ezzat, I E; El-Barkouky, E [Biological Applications Department, Radioisotope Applications Division, Nuclear Research Centre, Cairo (Egypt)

    2006-07-01

    The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding some probiotics into diets of Japanese quails on productive and reproductive performance, blood constituents, immune response and intestinal wall thickness. A total number of 500 one day old, unsexed Japanese quail chicks were used. Five experimental groups were assigned in the present study, where the 1st group (G1) was provided with protexin at 5 g/litre (5 days weekly). The 2nd group (G2) contained medi stress of 0.75 g/litre (5 days weekly), the 3rd group (G3) was fed a basal diet contained bioaction at 5g/kg, the 4th group (G4) involved a basal diet with active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 0.1 g/kg daily and group 5 were fed the basal diet without probiotics supplementation (control). The results showed that the average body weight, egg production and egg weight were significantly increased due to adding probiotics and 0.1g/kg yeast into diets. Feed conversion ratio and mortality were improved significantly and the most improvement was recorded at 1.0% yeast and protexin. Similar improvement was recorded for hatch ability and hatching weight. There were reductions in intestinal wall thickness due to adding 0.1 g/kg yeast or protexin. The values of HI titer against sheep RBCs were increased significantly as compared to the control, which may lead to an enhancement of immune response of Japanese quails. Blood protein, globulin and FSH hormone were increased significantly. In conclusion, adding some probiotics into diets of Japanese quails improved productive, reproductive performance, blood constituents, immune response and intestinal wall thickness.

  17. Influence of some probiotics on blood components, productive and reproductive performance of japanese quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu-Taleb, A.M.; Ezzat, I.E.; El-Barkouky, E.

    2006-01-01

    The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding some probiotics into diets of Japanese quails on productive and reproductive performance, blood constituents, immune response and intestinal wall thickness. A total number of 500 one day old, unsexed Japanese quail chicks were used. Five experimental groups were assigned in the present study, where the 1st group (G1) was provided with protexin at 5 g/litre (5 days weekly). The 2nd group (G2) contained medi stress of 0.75 g/litre (5 days weekly), the 3rd group (G3) was fed a basal diet contained bioaction at 5g/kg, the 4th group (G4) involved a basal diet with active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 0.1 g/kg daily and group 5 were fed the basal diet without probiotics supplementation (control). The results showed that the average body weight, egg production and egg weight were significantly increased due to adding probiotics and 0.1g/kg yeast into diets. Feed conversion ratio and mortality were improved significantly and the most improvement was recorded at 1.0% yeast and protexin. Similar improvement was recorded for hatch ability and hatching weight. There were reductions in intestinal wall thickness due to adding 0.1 g/kg yeast or protexin. The values of HI titer against sheep RBCs were increased significantly as compared to the control, which may lead to an enhancement of immune response of Japanese quails. Blood protein, globulin and FSH hormone were increased significantly. In conclusion, adding some probiotics into diets of Japanese quails improved productive, reproductive performance, blood constituents, immune response and intestinal wall thickness

  18. Nutrient digestibility of vegetables waste flour on male quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pramono, A.; Primadhani, M. S.; Swastike, W.; Sutrisno, J.

    2018-03-01

    The aim of this research is to determine the nutrient digestibility of vegetables waste flour on of male quail. Four hundred male quails were divided into four groups with five replications. The experiment is Completely Randomized Design and the data were analyzed by analyses of variants. The experimental diets were P0 = basal diet, P1 = 97% basal diet + 3% vegetables waste flour, P2 = 94% basal diet + 6% vegetables waste flour, and P3 = 91% basal diet + 9% vegetables waste flour. The observed variables were the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and extract ether. Result showed that of the addition of vegetable waste flour in the diet had no effect on crude protein digestibility (P>0.05), however shown significant effect on dry matter (P digestibility.

  19. Sujetos por su resistencia. Análisis sociológico de una experiencia de trabajo bajo el sistema de producción por micromovimientos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco José León Medina

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos el análisis de una experiencia de trabajo bajo el sistema de producción por micromovimientos (MTM. Este análisis puede ayudarnos a arrojar algo de luz sobre el enigma de cómo y por qué sostenemos con nuestra acción, en determinados contextos, relaciones de sometimiento que experimentamos como hirientes y a las que no reconocemos legitimidad. Defenderemos la tesis de que la especial combinación de compromiso y resistencia ante la producción que desarrollan los trabajadores les constituye como "sujetos" del vínculo productivo, en la medida en que en esa combinación desarrollan y expresan su sentido de la autonomía y de la propia dignidad y respeto. Pero, al mismo tiempo, veremos cómo esa resistencia los sujeta al sometimiento, ya que hace posible y eficiente el orden productivo. Al menos en este caso, si los trabajadores sostienen un vínculo hiriente es porque sus acciones tienen lugar en una auténtica jaula de hierro en la que su dignidad se ha convertido en uno de los pilares básicos de su sometimiento.

  20. Estimation of genetic parameters for carcass traits in Japanese quail ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of some carcass characteristics in the Japanese quail. For this aim, carcass weight (Cw), breast weight (Bw), leg weight (Lw), abdominal fat weight (AFw), carcass yield (CP), breast percentage (BP), leg percentage (LP) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) were ...

  1. Resistencia a drogas de segunda línea en cepas peruanas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrogorresistentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesca Barletta

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar los perfiles de resistencia de las quinolonas; ciprofloxacina (Cpx, ofloxacina (Ofx, gatifloxacina (Gfx y moxifloxacina (Mfx, y de los inyectables; kanamicina (Km, amikacina (Am y capreomicina (Cm en cepas multidrogorresistente (MDR. Se buscó la presencia de mutaciones en los genes rrs,tlyA y gyrA/B, y su posible asociación con la resistencia a inyectables y quinolonas. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio piloto descriptivo se seleccionaron cepas MDR aisladas durante junio a diciembre de 2004, que fueron criopreservadas en el banco de muestras del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" en Lima, Perú. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI para Cpx, Ofx, Gfx, Mfx, Km, Am y Cm. Se investigó las mutaciones presentes en los genes rrs, tlyA y gyrA/B a través de un PCR convencional y posterior secuenciamiento de los productos obtenidos. Resultados. Cuatro de los once aislados presentaron resistencia contra los inyectables y en todas se observó una alta CMI; >120 μg/mL para Km y >160 μg/mL para Am y Cm. Solo dos aislados presentaron resistencia a Ofx con un CMI = 4 μg/mL. Los resultados de secuenciamiento sugirieron que la mutación A1401T en rrs podría ser la causa molecular de resistencia a los inyectables; mientras que en este estudio no se halló ninguna mutación en tlyA ni en gyrA/B asociada a resistencia. Conclusiones. Este estudio sugiere una posible asociación entre la mutación en A1401G y la resistencia a los antibióticos inyectables.

  2. Resistencia antimicrobiana e implicancias para el manejo de infecciones del tracto urinario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisa Durán, MD, DTMH

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: La resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema global creciente, que también afecta a los agentes etiológicos comunes de las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU y puede implicar mayor morbimortalidad sin un tratamiento adecuado. Existen diferencias regionales en la resistencia y a nivel ambulatorio versus nosocomial que deben considerarse. Todo uso de antibióticos causa presión selectiva sobre el microbioma por eliminación de bacterias susceptibles y aumenta el riesgo de infecciones por bacterias resistentes. Se discuten los principales mecanismos de resistencia y los antimicrobianos afectados, además de sus implicancias terapéuticas en los distintos cuadros de ITU. Es fundamental evitar la exposición innecesaria a antibióticos, realizar un correcto diagnóstico, elegir y ajustar un adecuado tratamiento, entre otras medidas para enfrentar la resistencia antimicrobiana. Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem, which also affects the common etiological agents of urinary tract infections (UTI and may involve increased morbidity and mortality without adequate treatment. There are regional differences in resistance and at the ambulatory versus nosocomial level that should be considered. Any use of antibiotics causes selective pressure on the microbiome by eliminating susceptible bacteria and increases the risk of infections by resistant bacteria. The main mechanisms of resistance and the affected antimicrobials are discussed, as well as their therapeutic implications in the different UTI cases. It is essential to avoid unnecessary exposure to antibiotics, make a correct diagnosis, choose and adjust an appropriate treatment, among other measures to face antimicrobial resistance. Palabras clave: Infecciones del tracto urinario, resistencia a antimicrobianos, tratamiento, Key words: Urinary tract infections, drug resistance, therapeutics

  3. Efecto del tratamiento térmico posterior sobre la resistencia al desgaste por deslizamiento de un recubrimiento base níquel depositado por HVOF

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cadenas, P.

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available In the present research, a nickel base coating was deposited on an AISI 1020 substrate by using high velocity oxy-fuel technique (HVOF. The coating was subsequently post heat -treated by means of an oxyacetylene flame. For the conditions evaluated in the present study, it was found that the CTT coating has 1,15 better wear resistance for the smaller level of the applied load and nearly 50 times for the highest level of the applied load when compared to the STT coatings. These results have been attributed to a better distribution of the hard phases, better cohesion between particles and an increase in hardness, as consequence of the post heat treatment process. A severe wear regime was found for all the samples since the wear rates presented values which were higher than 1·10-5 mm3/m. For the CTT coatings, the wear mechanism was mainly due to the adhesion and oxidation phenomena, meanwhile for the steel counterpart mechanisms such oxidation, grooving and three body abrasion were observed.

    En el presente trabajo, se depositó un recubrimiento base níquel sobre un acero AISI 1020 por la técnica de termorrociado de alta velocidad que utiliza oxígeno como combustible (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel - HVOF y, posteriormente, fue tratado térmicamente mediante llama oxiacetilénica. Para las condiciones evaluadas en este estudio, se encontró que el recubrimiento CTT tiene desde 1,15 veces más resistencia al desgaste, para el menor nivel de carga aplicada y mayor velocidad de deslizamiento y, hasta 50 veces más resistencia al desgaste para el mayor nivel carga aplicada y mayor velocidad de deslizamiento, comparado con el recubrimiento STT. Estos resultados se atribuyeron a una mejor distribución de las fases endurecedoras, una mejor cohesión entre partículas y un aumento en la microdureza del recubrimiento, como consecuencia del tratamiento térmico posterior. El régimen de desgaste presente en todas las muestras fue severo, ya que las

  4. RAZONES PARA PARTICIPAR EN CARRERAS DE RESISTENCIA. UN ESTUDIO CON CORREDORES AFICIONADOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Llopis Goig

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En las últimas décadas ha aumentado el número de participantes en carreras populares de resistencia así como el número de pruebas organizadas. En este trabajo se analizan las razones por las que los corredores aficionados participan en carreras de resistencia, y la influencia sobre la participación en las citadas carreras de variables como la edad, el nivel de estudios, la experiencia adquirida, la pertenencia a un club de atletismo y si se cuenta o no con entrenador. Los análisis efectuados indican que la razón principal para participar en carreras populares de resistencia es la satisfacción que produce. Así mismo, se constata la influencia que ejerce sobre las razones para correr la pertenencia a un club de atletismo y estar asesorado por un entrenador.

  5. Efecto del peso molecular del ácido poliacrílico y de la relación SiO2/Al2O3 en el vidrio sobre la resistencia mecánica de cementos de polialqueonato vítreo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Méndez, M.

    2002-08-01

    mejor los procesos involucrados en las reacciones de formación de este tipo de cementos y de explorar su uso en aplicaciones ortopédicas, en el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio para analizar el efecto del peso molecular del ácido poliacrílico y de la proporción sílice/ alúmina sobre la resistencia a la compresión y las características microestructurales de cementos de polialquenoato vítreo. Las probetas obtenidas fueron sometidas a pruebas de compresión y al análisis por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB y por espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (IRTF. En una primera serie de experimentos se consideraron pesos moleculares promedio del ácido poliacrílico de 2000, 9700, 15268 y 64000, manteniéndose constante la relación SiO2/Al2O3 en un valor de 2,5. En una segunda serie de experimentos se consideraron relaciones SiO2/Al2O3 de 2,1; 1,67; 1,25; 0,95 y 0,8; utilizando ácido poliacrílico con peso molecular constante de 64000. Los máximos valores de resistencia mecánica (82,5 MPa se alcanzaron cuando el peso molecular del ácido poliacrílico fue de 64000 y la relación SiO2/Al2O3 en el vidrio fue de 1. Estos valores de resistencia a compresión de los cementos de polialquenoato vítreo son similares a los reportados para cementos a base de polimetilmetacrilato, lo cual sugiere su uso potencial en aplicaciones ortopédicas. Finalmente, se evaluó cualitativamente la reactividad de los vidrios y la presencia de grupos funcionales –COOH sin reaccionar utilizando IRTF, así como la separación de fases en vidrios con relaciones SiO2/Al2O3 > 1 y la reactividad superficial de las partículas de vidrio empleando espectroscopia de dispersión de rayos X (DERX en el MEB. A fin de optimizar la resistencia a compresión de los cementos de polialquenoato vítreo, trabajos futuros pueden ser orientados a mejorar la reactividad de los vidrios, a optimizar la relación polímero / vidrio y a utilizar partículas de vidrio de tama

  6. Estrategias de resistencia indígena frente al desarrollo minero: La comunidad de Likantatay ante un posible traslado forzoso

    OpenAIRE

    Carrasco, Anita; Fernández, Eduardo

    2009-01-01

    Este artículo revisa el complejo panorama que enfrenta la comunidad indígena atacameña de Likantatay ante las consecuencias de un proyecto de desarrollo minero que implican el traslado forzoso de dicha comunidad si este proyecto se concreta. Se analizan las estrategias de resistencia indígena que presenta y/o puede presentar la comunidad así como los discursos y estrategias ideológicas elaborados por la corporación minera para desarrollar los intereses del capital. El análisis se enmarca dent...

  7. Chemical composition of solar dried blood and the ruminal content and its effect on performance of Japanese quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mishra, Jyotiprabha; Abraham, Robinson J J; Rao, V Appa; Rajini, R Asha; Mishra, B P; Sarangi, N R

    2015-01-01

    The aim was to determine the chemical composition of solar dried blood and rumen content (DBRC) and further ascertain the concentration at which DBRC could be included in Japanese quail diets without any adverse effect on its performance. Feeding trial on the effect of DBRC on performance of Japanese quails was studied up to 5 weeks. 252 numbers of day old (Nandanam Type III breed) Japanese quails were purchased from Poultry Research Station, Madhavaram and divided into 7 batches (control+ six treatments) each consisting of 36 birds. The DBRC was included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in diets as control, treatment-1 (T1), treatment-2 (T2), treatment-3 (T3), treatment-4 (T4), treatment-5 (T5) and treatment-6 (T6) respectively in a completely randomized design to replace soybean meal in Japanese quail feed. The birds were provided with ad-labidum feed and drinking water ad-libitum during the entire experimental period. The crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash contents of DBRC were 35.87%, 17.40%, 3.6% and 12.6%, respectively. The amount of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid content were found to be 12.98 and 4.87 (g/100 g of feed) respectively in DBRC feed. Result showed that all birds fed DBRC diets performed better than the control group. Mortality was unaffected by dietary treatments. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) observed in weight gain in treatment groups compared to the control. Up to 30% DBRC could be incorporated in the diets of Japanese quails without any adverse effects on its performance.

  8. The Effect of Divergent Selection on 4-wk BW on the Shape of Growth Curve in Japanese Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H Beyki

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term divergent selection on the shape growth curve in different lines of Japanese quail. The Quail lines utilized in this study were two divergently selected for high (HW and low (LW 4-wk body weight during 7 generation and also a control line (C. The Richard function parameters were used to describe growth curves of different lines. The weight at hatch was approximately similar among lines (8.08 g, 7.55 g and 8.76 g for HW, LW and C line respectively. The results of current study indicated that the selected lines (HW & LW were immediately diverged from the C line after hatch. Sexes within each line had no difference in average growth rate, age and body weight at inflection point and adult body weight. However significant differences were found in the growth curve parameters among lines. The results of current study indicated that short term divergent selection for 4-wk BW in Japanese quail can change the growth pattern and the carcass compartments of the selected birds. Therefore to avoid undesirable side effects due to selection in Japanese quails it is recommended to consider the growth pattern changes of the selected birds in the breeding programs

  9. Toxicity of dietary Heliotropium dolosum seed to Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eroksuz, Y; Eroksuz, H; Ozer, H; Ilhan, N; Cevik, A; Yaman, I; Ceribasi, A O

    2002-10-01

    Five groups of 30 male Japanese quail, each 7-w-old, were fed diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10% (w/w) of dehulled H dolosum seed. Half of the birds from the each group were killed at 6 and 24 w after beginning of the trial. At the end of 6th w, neither mortality nor clinical sign occurred in test groups. In the 5 and 10% inclusion levels, mild to moderate hepatic injury was detected as evidenced by mild karyomegaly, moderate fatty change, focal or portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasie, and ovalocyte proliferation along with lower serum protein and albumin levels. By the termination of the experiment (24 w), 5 birds died in the 10% dosed group. Hepatic cirrhosis was the most prominent finding in the 5 and 10% group; at these levels, serum protein and albumin values decreased significanty while billuribin and ALP levels increased. Based on relative weights and histological evaluations, testicularatrophywasdosedependent. These results partly affirm earlier studies that the quail is highly resistant to the toxic effects of H dolosumseed. However, the resistance to H dolosum is less than Senecio Jacobae and Crotalaria spectabilis when considering tissue injury.

  10. Dietary cadmium and enteropathy in the Japanese quail: histochemical and ultrastructural studies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Richardson, M.E.; Fox, M.R.S.

    1974-01-01

    Cadmium was fed to young Japanese quail, at a level of 75 mg. per kg. of diet, from hatching to 4 weeks of age. Cadmium produced gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural lesions in the proximal small intestine of these quail, similar to those occurring in human malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease, nontropical sprue, and tropical sprue. The small intestines of the quail were dilated and thin walled. Villi were short and thick and had a dense cellular infiltrate in the lamina propria. The striated border was thin but stained for neutral mucopolysaccharides, as did the normal border. Some villi were covered with stratified epithelial cells. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet were seen, but the mucin stained for weakly acidic mucopolysaccharides, as did the normal cells. At the ultrastructural level, microvilli of both absorptive and goblet cells were markedly shortened, particularly near the tips of the villi. Absorptive cells were atrophic, and there was s diminution of the usual cellular organelles. Granular cisternae were long and tortuous, mitochondria were dense and small, and large lysosome-like bodies and large lipid droplets accumulated in the cytoplasm, but there was a decrease in the normal small, pale and dark lipid droplets. The cellular infiltrate of the lamina propria included groups of plasma cells with dilated cisternae. There were large, irregular, electron-dense bodies in the endothelium of large veins and degeneration of some nerve plexuses in the muscularis propria. 31 references, 21 figures.

  11. Value added by Spirulina platensis in two different diets on growth performance, gut microbiota, and meat quality of Japanese quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed S. Yusuf

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Aim: The growth promoting effect of the blue-green filamentous alga Spirulina platensis (SP was observed on meat type Japanese quail with antibiotic growth promoter alternative and immune enhancing power. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 180 Japanese quail chicks for 4 weeks to find out the effect of diet type (vegetarian protein diet [VPD] and fish meal protein diet [FMPD]- Spirulina dose interaction (1 or 2 g/kg diet on growth perfor-mance, gut microbiota, and sensory meat quality of growing Japanese quails (1-5 weeks old. Results: Data revealed improvement (p<0.05 of weight gain, feed conversion ratio and European efficiency index due to 1, 2 g (SP/kg VPD, and 2 g (SP/kg FMPD, respectively. There was a significant decrease of ileum mean pH value by 1 g (SP/kg VPD. Concerning gut microbiota, there was a trend toward an increase in Lactobacilli count in both 1; 2 g (SP/kg VPD and 2 g (SP/kg FMPD. It was concluded that 1 or 2 g (SP/kg vegetarian diet may enhance parameters of performance without obvious effect on both meat quality and gut microbiota. Moreover, 1 and/or 2 g (SP may not be invited to share fish meal based diet for growing Japanese quails. Conclusion: Using of SP will support the profitable production of Japanese quails fed vegetable protein diet.

  12. Fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail eggs under semi arid ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Some factors affecting the fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail eggs were studied at the Poultry Unit of the University of Maiduguri Livestock Teaching and Research Farm. A total of 1850 eggs were used for the study and data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance. The mean values of fertility, hatchability of ...

  13. Resistencia a la insulina, cortisol y composición corporal mediante dilución isotópica en niños costarricenses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Valverde-Vindas

    2016-05-01

    ANTECEDENTES: la obesidad infantil es un proceso que involucra en sí mismo un estrés oxidativo y un estado inflamatorio crónico que estimula la producción de corticosteroides, promueve la aparición temprana de resistencia insulínica y de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.  OBJETIVO: evaluar la composición corporal en población infantil costarricense mediante técnicas de dilución isotópica con deuterio y analizar su relación con el índice de resistencia a la insulina y niveles de cortisol sérico matutino.  MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: determinación de cortisol sérico matutino y resistencia a la insulina mediante el método homeostático en 113 niños y niñas escolares. Se realiza la comparación por grupos según la clasificación McCarthy para porcentaje de masa grasa, determinada mediante el método de dilución isotópica. RESULTADOS: no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de masa grasa, según la clasificación McCarthy para las variables de cortisol sérico matutino e índice HOMA (modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina, en la muestra seleccionada. CONCLUSIÓN: en niños y niñas entre 6 y 9 años de edad no se evidencian las características bioquímicas que se esperan del síndrome metabólico, dada la poca exposición temporal al estrés oxidativo que produce la obesidad, determinada por medio de la medición de masa grasa con un método temprano como la dilución isotópica. Asimismo, en edades tempranas los mecanismos de detoxificación renal de los corticosteroides son suficientes para evitar su elevación sérica, protegiendo al niño de sus efectos a largo plazo.

  14. Effect of different levels of selenium and vitamin E on blood biochemical parameters in the Japanese quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    hossein zadeh adamnejad

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium has positive effects on growth performance of avian species, but their effect is not fully elicited in the Japanese quail. Also, controversial reports exist for the effect of vitamin E and selenium on avian performance. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different levels of selenium (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg and vitamin E (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg in the diet of the Japanese quail. Birds received mesh diet from the start of the study, then selenium and vitamin E were added on day 17. At the end of the study, after food deprivation for 6 hours, Japanese quail (1 male and 1 female were selected and blood samples collected for biochemical investigations and determination of glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels. There was significant decrease in cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels and significant decrease in albumin and total protein levels on day 35 (p

  15. Resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus a los antibióticos en un hospital de la orinoquia colombiana Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococus aureus at a hospital from the Colombian Orinoquia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norton Pérez

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo fue analizar la resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus a los antibióticos en el Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, centro de mediana y alta complejidad, entre 2005 y 2009. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron los resultados de los estudios microbiológicos de los pacientes con cultivo positivo para S. aureus. No se hizo ninguna intervención. La variable de estudio fue la resistencia a la meticilina y el desenlace, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Resultados: Se tamizaron 29.451 estudios de microbiología y se encontraron 976 aislamientos de S. aureus, los cuales se analizaron para determinar su resistencia a los antibióticos por el método de microdilución en caldo. El 49,6 % de ellos (484 fueron clasificados como resistentes a la meticilina; se encontró un mayor grado de resistencia múltiple, especialmente para gentamicina (25,0% Vs. 2,9%, ciprofloxacina (25,1% Vs.2,4%, clindamicina (29,4% Vs.4,1% y eritromicina (31,0% Vs.1,7%, y menor, para trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (11,8% Vs.4,1%. Aunque era de esperarse que la resistencia simultánea para la vancomicina fuera muy baja, se encontraron algunas cepas intermedias y resistentes, pero este resultado no se puede analizar adecuadamente debido a que estas cepas no se remitieron a un laboratorio de referencia para pruebas de confirmación. La resistencia a la tetraciclina, aun en las cepas sensibles a la meticilina, fue alta. No se identificó ninguna cepa resistente al linezolid. No se realizaron estudios para evaluar la resistencia a la tigeciclina. Conclusiones: La resistencia de S. aureus a la meticilina es frecuente también en esta institución hospitalaria de la orinoquia colombiana. La resistencia múltiple es mayor en S. aureus resistente a la meticilina, especialmente a la gentamicina, la ciprofloxacina y la clindamicina. Cuando S. aureus es sensible a la meticilina, también se observa un alto grado de

  16. Vigilancia nacional de la resistencia a medicamentos antituberculosos, Perú 2005-2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Asencios

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de resistencia a medicamentos antituberculosos en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados en las 33 regiones de salud de Perú. Se utilizó el método de las proporciones de Canetti en medio sólido Lowenstein Jensen para la susceptibilidad de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a medicamentos antituberculosos con isoniacida (INH rifampicina (RMP, estreptomicina (SM y etambutol (EMB. Las cepas con resultado de TB MDR se sometieron a susceptibilidad a medicamentos de segunda línea por el método de las proporciones en agar 7H10, en placas. Resultados. Se analizaron 1809 cultivos de pacientes nuevos y 360 de antes tratados. El 51,6% residía en Lima y el 59,3% fueron varones. La prevalencia nacional de la resistencia primaria fue de 23,2% (IC95%: 21,3 - 25,1 y la resistencia adquirida fue de 41,7% (IC95%: 36,5 - 46,8. Se detectó 180 casos de TB MDR de los cuales la prevalencia de TB MDR primaria fue 5,3% (IC95%: 4,2 - 6,3 y la adquirida fue de 23,6% (IC95%: 19,2 - 28,0. El 20% de aislamientos de pacientes nunca tratados en Lima fueron resistentes a INH o RIF. La resistencia global y la TB MDR primarias fueron más prevalentes en Lima que en el resto del país. La TB XDR estuvo presente en el 5,9% de pacientes con TB MDR y el 36% de las cepas de TB MDR fueron resistentes a por lo menos una droga de segunda línea. Conclusiones. Comparado con los estudios previos, la resistencia a drogas antituberculosas primaria y adquirida se ha incrementado significativamente en los últimos 10 años en Perú.

  17. Species specificity of social reinstatement in Japanese quail Coturnix japonica genetically selected for high or low levels of social reinstatement behaviour.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mills, A D; Jones, R B; Faure, J M

    1995-05-01

    Divergent lines of Japanese quail Coturnix japonica showing high (HSR) or low (LSR) levels of social reinstatement (SR) behaviour (as measured in a treadmill apparatus) have been developed. However, it was not known if selection had influenced social reinstatement tendencies in a general or a species-specific fashion. Therefore, the present study compared the SR behaviour of quail chicks of the HSR and LSR lines and of a Control line when the goal box of the treadmill was empty or when it contained small, same-species groups of either Japanese quail, domestic fowl or Guinea fowl chicks. The results clearly demonstrated that the SR behaviour of Japanese quail chicks is species-specific and that this specificity has not been influenced during genetic selection, over sixteen generations, of the HSR and LSR lines. The HSR chicks showed more locomotor activity in the treadmill than did those of the other lines regardless of the nature of the goal-box stimulus. The results are discussed in terms of general activity, underlying fearfulness and social motivation.

  18. Bayo Azteca, primera variedad mejorada de frijol con resistencia a Apion godmani Wagner Bayo Azteca, first improved bean variety with resistance to Apion godmani Wagner

    OpenAIRE

    Ramón Garza-García; Carmen Jacinto-Hernández; Dagoberto Garza-García

    2010-01-01

    Bayo Azteca, la primera variedad mejorada de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), con resistencia a una plaga insectil, ha sido obtenida por el programa de frijol del Campo Experimental Valle de México, del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias por cruzas múltiples, esto involucró un largo proceso de mejora genética. Bayo Azteca es la primera variedad mejorada resistente al picudo del ejote (Apion godmani Wagner), un curculiónido que ataca al frijol en las zonas t...

  19. Characterization and Digestibility of Detoxified Castor Oil Meal for Japanese Quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PA dos Santos

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT These experiments were performed to determine the chemical composition, coefficients of nutrient and energy metabolizability, amino acid composition, and cytotoxicity of different castor oil meals subjected to different detoxification processes and added to the diet of Japanese quails. In the trial, 180 46-d-old female Japanese quails were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments and with replicates of six bird each. The treatments consisted of following detoxification methods of castor oil meal: Castor oil meal A (CMA - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 20 minutes and drying at 80 °C; castor oil meal B (CMB and C (CMC - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 6 minutes, neutralization with 5% NaOH, and drying under direct sunlight sun for two days (CMB or pelleted (CMC; castor oil meal D (CMD - recovery in alcohol at 110 °C for 15 minutes and drying at 110 °C. Castor oil meal was added replacing 20% of the reference diet. There was slight chemical composition variation (1.21% in crude protein, 6% in dry matter, 2.2% in ether extract and 64 kcal/kg in gross energy among the castor oil meals submitted to the different treatments. The castor oil meal submitted to treatment C showed the highest amino acid values. In the cytotoxicity test, treatment D presented lower ricin activity. Castor oil meals A, C, and D may be included in Japanese quail diets; however, castor oil meal D is recommended due to the simplicity its industrial process, its low toxicity, and metabolizability coefficients obtained.

  20. Productivity and selenium concentrations in egg and tissue of laying quails fed selenium from hydroponically produced selenium-enriched kale sprout (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chinrasri, Orawan; Chantiratikul, Piyanete; Maneetong, Sarunya; Chookhampaeng, Sumalee; Chantiratikul, Anut

    2013-12-01

    This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Se from hydroponically produced Se-enriched kale sprout (HPSeKS) on productive performance, egg quality, and Se concentrations in egg and tissue of laying quails. Two-hundred quails, 63 days of age, were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of five replicates and each replicate had ten birds, according to a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The dietary treatments were T1 (control diet), T2 (control diet plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from sodium selenite), T3 (control diet plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from Se-enriched yeast), T4 (control diet plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from HPSeKS). The findings revealed that productive performance and egg quality of quails were not altered (p > 0.05) by Se sources. Whole egg Se concentrations of quails fed Se from HPSeKS and Se-enriched yeast were higher (p  0.05), but higher (p < 0.05) than that of quails fed Se from sodium selenite. The results reveal that Se from HPSeKS did not change the performance and egg quality of quails. The effectiveness of Se from HPSeKS was comparable to that of Se-enriched yeast, which was higher than that of Se from sodium selenite.

  1. El cuerpo como artefacto: tecnologías médicas, anatomopolítica y resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge M. Escobar Ortiz

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se defiende la tesis de que hay un giro importante en el biopoder anatomopolítico de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI. Este giro consiste en la aparición de diferentes tendencias culturales que comprenden el cuerpo humano como un artefacto que puede usarse para manifestar resistencia al poder. Para ello, estas tendencias se sirven de las tecnologías médicas como un medio para diseñar el cuerpo de acuerdo con una intención particular que permita cumplir cierta función elegida de antemano por quien identifica ese cuerpo como propio.

  2. Análisis de la transmitancia térmica y resistencia al impacto de los muros de quincha

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cuitiño, G.

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Wattle construction is a mixed technique used on walls and that belong to the frameworks family. It is constructed with a structural frame (wood or bamboo filled in with a mixture of clay mud in a plastic state and vegetable fiber. In this paper thermal transmittance and soft shock resistance had been studied, thermal transmittance had been measured with wattle samples of 0.10 m thickness, and result in 2.64 W/m2K and with the addition of expanded polystyrene sheet of 5 mm thicknees inside the panel, the transmittance was 2.02 W/m2K. These values are batter than a brick wall of 0.20 m thick with a finish plaster on both sides of the wall, whose value is 4.13 W/m2K. For impact resistance, panels were constructed and tested to soft shock, on 1:1 scale. The permanent deformation in all cases was less than 3.6 mm required by the current standard. This implies that there was no appreciable deformations suffered enclosures providing security to a home. It’s concludes that has a good thermal and structural behavior, plus the characteristics of being economical and appropriate for selfconstruction, make feasible to implement as a massive scale.La quincha es una técnica mixta de muros perteneciente a la familia de los entramados. Compuesta de una armazón estructural (madera o bambú rellena con barro en estado plástico con añadido de fibras vegetales. Se determinó que la transmitancia térmica de un panel de quincha de 0,10 m de espesor, dando como resultado 2,64 W/m2K y con el agregado de una placa de poliestireno expandido de 5 mm de espesor en el interior el panel, la transmitancia es 2,02 W/m2K. Estos valores son comparables al de un muro de ladrillo de 0,20 m de espesor y revocado en ambas caras, cuyo valor es 4,13 W/ m2K. Para la resistencia al impacto, se construyeron paneles en escala 1:1 y se ensayaron al choque blando. Las deformaciones permanentes fue en todos los casos menor de 3,6 mm requerido por la Norma vigente. Esto implica que no

  3. Effect of feeding camphor (Eucalyptus Globules) levels on some immunity characteristics, growth and gut microflora of japanese quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu Taleb, A.M.; Salah, H.M.; Ezzat, I.E.; El Barkouky, E.

    2003-01-01

    This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Eucalyptus globules Egypt to Japanese quail diet on performance and some metabolic functions and immunity. Four hundred,one day old, unsexed japanese quails were used in this study. Quails were divided equally into four groups containing 100 birds in each. Each group contained 4 replicates of 25 birds. Group one was supplemented with 1% Egypt in basal diet, group two was supplemented with 2% Egypt in basal diet, group three was used as negative control (-ve)without any addition of antibiotic in diet or water, while group four represented the positive control (+ ve) by addition antibiotics (0.5 g neomycin sulphate +0.5 g oxytetracyclin) in drinking water for 5 days post hatching. The experimented diet contained 3200 Kcal ME/kg and 24% crude proteins. The end of the experiment was terminated when birds were 6 weeks old. Body weight, mortality, some organs weighs and some blood parameters were measured and some microbial population of small intestines was counted. Results indicated that the addition of Egypt led to significant increase in quails body weights, spleen, bursa and ovary and the measures of total proteins, globulins, haemagglutination inhibition (HI)and triiodothyronine (T3). Decrease in mortality ratio and less counts of microflora and salmonella of gut were also achieved as a result of diet camphor addition

  4. EXTRUIDOS DE AlFe-PILC EN LA OXIDACIÓN CATALÍTICA DE FENOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy R. Sanabria

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Extruidos de AlFe-PILC con forma de cilindro compacto se emplearon como catalizadores en la reacción de oxidación de fenol en medio acuoso. Debido a que el proceso de elaboración de los extruidos con fase activa AlFe-PILC afecta la actividad intrínseca del catalizador, en este trabajo se determinaron la resistencia mecánica y la estabilidad química del catalizador conformado, así como las limitaciones difusionales por efecto de la aglomeración. Los extruidos se elaboraron con la proporción másica 42/28/30 de arcilla intercalada con AlFe, aglomerante (mezcla 50/50 de bentonita sódica y cálcica y agua, exhibiendo elevada resistencia mecánica y estabilidad química a la inmersión en agua. Los extruidos de AlFe-PILC presentaron un factor de efectividad menor a 1; por tanto, la reacción se encuentra limitada por la difusión intrapartícula.

  5. Consideraciones para la mejora de la resistencia en el fútbol

    OpenAIRE

    Campos Vázquez, Miguel Ángel

    2012-01-01

    Debido a la duración y los esfuerzos requeridos durante un partido de fútbol, la mejora de la resistencia debe ocupar un lugar importante en las planificaciones que diseñen los entrenadores y preparadores físicos. El desarrollo de dos parámetros fisiológicos parece importante a la hora de conseguir estas mejoras: el consumo máximo de oxígeno y el umbral anaeróbico. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar los diferentes métodos de entrenamiento para la resistencia en el fútbol que han de...

  6. Early life stress shapes female reproductive strategy through eggshell pigmentation in Japanese quail

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Duval, C.; Zimmer, C.; Mikšík, Ivan; Cassey, P.; Spencer, K.A.

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 208, Nov 1 (2014), s. 146-153 ISSN 0016-6480 Institutional support: RVO:67985823 Keywords : breeding conditions * early-life stress * eggshell pigmentation * Japanese quail Subject RIV: ED - Physiology Impact factor: 2.470, year: 2014

  7. Experimental Assessment of the Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japanica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asasi, K.

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available H9N2 avian influenza A viruses are endemic in poultry of many Eurasian countries and have caused repeated human infections in Asia since 1998. It has been also reported that H9N2 can cause high mortality in commercial broiler farms in Iran previously. However there was no report of H9N2 outbreak in any other species. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of H9N2 virus in Japanese quail, 145 Japanese quail were randomly divided into 5 separate groups (116 quails in the treatment and 29 quails in the control groups. The experimental groups infected via oral rout, eye drop, intramuscular injection and spray method at the age of 32 days with 106.5 EID50/bird. The virus A/chicken/Iran/ZMT-101/98(H9N2 was kindly provided obtained from Razi vaccine& serum institute with EID50=108. The blood samples were experimented the day before use to show freedom from antibodies to influenza A and more specifically, the H9 subtype. The clinical signs and antibody titer of the infected chicks were also monitored. Five birds of each group were bled at 10 and 20 days post infection (DPI, and 20 birds of each group at 30 DPI were bled. The immune response to infection was measured by Haemmaglutination Inhibition (HI test using the H9N2 virus as antigen. Feed & water consumption were recorded on daily bases before and after inoculation. Body weight of each group was also recorded on weekly bases before and after inoculation. During the current study clinical signs such as sneezing, gasping, depression observed in challenged groups followed by decreasing in laying (1-17%. High HI antibody titers of AIV subtype H9 was seen in 10 DPI. The quails exhibited no decrease in food and water consumption and all quails were growing well and did not show any abnormality.

  8. Effects of exposure to clothianidin on the reproductive system of male quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tokumoto, Junko; Danjo, Megumi; Kobayashi, Yoshihiro; Kinoshita, Kyoko; Omotehara, Takuya; Tatsumi, Atsutoshi; Hashiguchi, Mineo; Sekijima, Tsuneo; Kamisoyama, Hiroshi; Yokoyama, Toshifumi; Kitagawa, Hiroshi; Hoshi, Nobuhiko

    2013-01-01

    Clothianidin (CTD) is a neonicotinoid developed in the 1990s as an insecticide having selective toxicity, but it was later found to cause reproductive abnormalities in rats through oxidative stress. There is an attempt to preserve endangered animals, including the Japanese crested ibis, in Japan. However, there is a concern that neonicotinoid affects the reproduction of this bird, since it is used in its habitat. CTD toxicity in the birds is poorly understood, so we investigated whether or not the daily oral administration of CTD has any deleterious effects on the reproductive functions of mature male quails as experimental animals. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 6 or 7 quails each, treated orally with 0, 0.02, 1 or 50 mg CTD/kg body weight (Control, CTD0.02, CTD1 and CTD50). After that the males bred with untreated females to estimate the egg weights, and rates of fertilization and normal development, the testes, liver and spleen were examined histologically. Vacuolization and the number of germ cells having fragmented DNA in seminiferous tubules, and the number and size of vacuoles in hepatocytes increased dose-dependently. There were no significant differences in egg weights and fertilization rates between the groups, but some eggs of the CTD1 and CTD50 groups failed to develop, and embryonic length decreased dose-dependently. Thus, it was found that CTD affected the reproduction of the male quail through the fragmentation of germ cells and the inhibition or delay of embryonic development.

  9. Influencia del revenido en la estructura y las propiedades de dureza, resistencia a la tracción y resiliencia del acero cubano al cromomanganeso- silicio-níquel. // Influence of tempering on structure and hardness, strength and resilience properties of ch

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. Tourón-Alonso

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available La actual demanda de herramientas y accesorios para maquinarias agrícolas se presenta comofuente creciente de nuevas aplicaciones del acero al Cr-Mn-Si-Ni. Este criterio justifica la práctica detratamientos térmicos, para conseguir distintos valores de propiedades mecánicas, que orienten almaterial hacia las exigencias y circunstancias de aplicaciones concretas. El trabajo tiene comoobjetivo conocer la estructura del acero, heredadas de las transformaciones de fase en diferentesregímenes de tratamiento térmico de revenido, y la correlación entre dicha estructura y suspropiedades de dureza, resistencia a la tracción y resiliencia. Las observaciones al microscopioóptico de las muestras revenidas sugieren, en unos casos, una estructura compuesta por martensitarevenida, en otros, indican la presencia de partículas de ferrita y cementita. Los ensayos de dureza ytracción revelaron una disminución de la dureza y de la resistencia a la tracción con el aumento dela temperatura de revenido. El ensayo de impacto reveló un aumento de la resiliencia con elaumento de la temperatura de revenido, aunque aparecen dos intervalos de temperatura en que laresiliencia disminuye.Palabras claves: revenido, estructura, dureza, resistencia, resiliencia____________________________________________________________________________AbstractSpecimens were tempered after being hardened into oil. Tempered specimens for tension tests,were heated from 200 to 500ºC, in an interval of 100ºC; while, specimens for hardness andresilience tests, were heated from 200 to 550ºC, in an interval of 50ºC. Tempering time, for tensionand resilience tests, depends on specimens’ thickness, while, for hardness tests is 30, 60 and 90minutes. Tempered specimens microstructures at 200 and 300ºC indicate the presence of carbideparticles; it suggests a tempering martensite structure. Tempered specimens microstructures at500ºC indicate the presence of ferrite and cementite particles

  10. Reproductive performance of breeder quails fed diets supplemented with L-cysteine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammadi, H; Farzinpour, A; Vaziry, A

    2017-04-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-cysteine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles on reproductive performance in breeder quails. The five treatment diets consisted of (i) negative control diet not supplemented with iron, (ii) positive control diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg of Fe 3 O 4 and (iii) experimental diets supplemented with 0.6, 6 and 60 mg/kg of L-cysteine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. A total of 100 seven-day-old quail chicks were weighed and randomly placed to five groups of five replicate cages. Four quails (one male and three females) were raised in each cage (50 × 15 × 17 cm). Egg production, feed consumption and egg weight were recorded daily and calculated on a hen per day basis. Egg components, fertility, hatchability and day-old chicks hatched from their eggs were measured at the end of the experiment. The percentage of egg production and egg mass of the 6 mg/kg Fe 3 O 4 -Cys NPs group were significantly higher than those of the control groups. Throughout the experimental period, the highest weekly egg weight was recorded for the 60 mg/kg Fe 3 O 4 -Cys NPs group. Fertility was improved by diet supplemented with iron, both FeSO 4 and Fe 3 O 4 -Cys NPs. The breeder fed Fe 3 O 4 -Cys NPs had the highest day-old chicks weight. The results of this study showed that Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles that were coated by L-cysteine could improve availability and utilization of iron in diet. Finally, it was proposed that Fe 3 O 4 -Cys NPs could be used as feed additives in quails. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  11. Effect of Increasing Yolk Testosterone Levels on Early Behaviour in Japanese Quail Hatchlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Okuliarová

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of our study was to investigate effects of increased testosterone content in egg yolk on early behaviour of 1- and 2-day-old Japanese quail. Three different doses of testosterone (0.25; 2.5 and 25 ng, not exceeding a physiological range, were examined in three separate experiments. Testosterone propionate dissolved in 20 μl olive oil was injected into the yolk before the onset of incubation. Behaviour of newly hatched chicks was recorded in response to both a novel environment in the open-field test and manual restraining in the test of tonic immobility (TI. Behavioural consequences of embryonic exposure to elevated testosterone were observed in the open-field test in all three experiments which indicated inhibition of behavioural responses in hatchlings. Birds treated with testosterone in ovo displayed longer latency to leave the start square, decreased locomotor activity, enhanced defecation and lower number of distress calls as compared to control birds. In TI test, the influence of treatment was manifested at the highest concentration only. Hatchlings from testosterone treated eggs expressed longer duration of TI and required less attempts to induce TI in comparison with the control group. Our results demonstrated increased fearfulness of Japanese quail chicks hatched from eggs with experimentally elevated testosterone content. The effect is specific for a short period after hatching since previous studies reported stimulatory effect of yolk testosterone on behaviour of Japanese quail later in ontogeny.

  12. Un nuevo caso de resistencia a un bismuto oleo-soluble: curación por una sal insoluble

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ch. Petouraud

    1934-07-01

    Full Text Available Acabamos de observar, simple coincidencia o efecto de la casualidad, un nuevo caso de bismuto resistencia que recuerda al que uno de nosotros encontró recientemente con el Profesor Nicolas. S. Joseph, 24 años, es visto por primera vez el 6 de mayo de 1933, en la consulta del servicio hospitalario de Dermato-Syphiligraphie de Antiquille (ficha Nv 5886, Dr. Gaté, para accidentes secundarios típicos; roséola discreta, sifilides papulosas y córneas de las regiones palmares, ganglios supraepitrccleanos y oervicales, reacción de Wassermann muy positiva en la sangre.

  13. PROYECTOS, RESISTENCIAS Y ALTERNATIVAS AL NEOLIBERALISMO. EL FORO SOCIAL MUNDIAL DE PORTO ALEGRE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Preciado Coronado

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Después de las movilizaciones de Seattle, la integración y la mundialización del comercio y las finanzas se topan con actores que tienen distintos grados de exclusión en esos procesos, lo cual cuestiona las identidades ciudadanas complejas que emergen más allá de lo nacional, obstaculiza las identidades cosmopolitas inclusivas que se plantean como alternativas mundiales a la globalización y acentúa la crisis de gobernabilidad del modelo democrático tradicional. Un conjunto de actores heterogéneos formados por tendencias políticas disímbolas (anarquistas, trotskistas, socialistas, entre las principales, de movimientos identitarios de afirmación ciudadana, defensa del ambiente y de reivindicaciones multiculturales (ecologistas, minorías étnicas y sexuales, etcétera de agrupaciones sindicales del campo y la ciudad, de organismos eclesiales de base territorial, de asociaciones defensoras de los derechos humanos; actores que enfrentan desde dos perspectivas la difusión globalifílica del modelo neoliberal: la negación total y la resistencia contra la globalización (globalifóbicos, o la construcción de alternativas de base frente a los efectos perversos de aquella (globalicríticos, que prefiguran la democracia deliberativa como un sistema de gestión complejo desde abajo.

  14. Effect of dietary supplementation of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) on meat quality and egg fatty acid composition of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yalcin, H; Konca, Y; Durmuscelebi, F

    2018-02-01

    This study was conducted in two separate experiments. Experiment I was conducted to investigate the effects of hemp seed (HS) on meat quality traits, and experiment II was designed to determine egg fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In experiment I and experiment II treatments, groups were as follows: (i) control (not included HS0), (ii) 5% HS inclusion to diets, (iii) 10% HS inclusion to diets and (iv) 20% HS inclusion to diets. In experiment I, a total of 192 7-day-old-quail were fed with HS diets for 5 weeks, and end of the experiment I, a total of 64 quail (16 each) slaughtered and meat samples were analysed for meat colour, pH, cooking and thawing loss and FA composition. In experiment II, a total of 120 8-week-old laying quail were fed with experimental diets for 6 weeks and egg FA composition were determined. Breast meat cooking loss was significantly lower in 20% supplemented group (p egg samples were linearly increased with increasing the dietary HS ratio (p eggs (p egg yolk omega-3 FA content and decrease cooking loss of quail meats. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  15. Niveles de resistencia a drogas antituberculosas en pacientes con infección VIH / Tuberculosis, Lima, 1998-2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Asencios S

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar los niveles de resistencia a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea en muestras clínicas de pacientes con coinfección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y tuberculosis (VIH-TB en cinco hospitales de Lima en el periodo 1998-2000. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo que incluyó las muestras de cultivos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de pacientes con coinfección VIH-TB, a los que se realizó las pruebas de sensibilidad por el método de las proporciones para isoniacida (H, estreptomicina (S, etambutol (E y rifampicina (R, y el método de Wayne para pirazinamida (H. Resultados: De 523 muestras de pacientes incluidos, 78,2% correspondieron a varones, 72,7% fueron de pacientes sin antecedentes de tratamiento previo. Los valores de resistencia global primaria y multidrogorresistencia (MDR primaria fueron 55,8% y 32,1%, respectivamente; en tanto que los valores de resistencia global adquirida y MDR adquirida fueron 93,0% y 74,8%. La resistencia primaria por drogas fue H (42,1%, R (35,0%, S (35,3%, E (19,0% y Z (24,5% respectivamente; y la resistencia adquirida por drogas fueron H (85,3%, R (78,3%, S (64,4%, E (42,0% y Z (46,2%. Conclusión: Los niveles resistencia a drogas antituberculosas y la MDR en pacientes con coinfección VIH-TB provenientes de hospitales de Lima son elevados.

  16. Modelación del módulo de la resistencia a la flexión de un material compuesto cementicio a partir de propiedades en estado fresco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Toro

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En la presente investigación se estudió la relación entre las propiedades del estado fresco y el estado endurecido de un material compuesto formado por una matriz de cemento Pórtland reforzado con fibra de fique dispuestas al azar, las propiedades evaluadas en estado fresco fueron: ondulabilidad, fluidez, drenabilidad y en estado endurecido el módulo de la resistencia a la flexión. Las muestras se prepararon con diferentes materias primas (Fibra de fique, Bentonita, Pulpa, Humo de Sílice y Acronal, las componentes se agregaron a una mezcladora a velocidad constante, luego se vertió la mezcla en una cámara de drenado donde se extrajo el agua y se conformó la lámina con dimensiones de 130x50x6 mm, luego se sumergió en una piscina de curado por 28 días para ser evaluado el módulo de la resistencia a la flexión. El modelo de regresión lineal que se propuso para predecir el módulo de la resistencia a la flexión, en función de las propiedades en estado fresco, se realizó a través del análisis de las interacciones entre las variables de la formulación de la mezcla utilizada. Como resultado del modelo de regresión se obtuvo que existe una clara correlación entre el módulo de la resistencia a la flexión y las propiedades predictoras ondulabilidad, fluidez y drenabilidad, además estas tienen un efecto negativo sobre el módulo de la resistencia a la flexión.

  17. Consideraciones para la mejora de la resistencia en el fútbol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Campos Vázquez

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Debido a la duración y los esfuerzos requeridos durante un partido de fútbol, la mejora de la resistencia debe ocupar un lugar importante en las planificaciones que diseñen los entrenadores y preparadores físicos. El desarrollo de dos parámetros fisiológicos parece importante a la hora de conseguir estas mejoras: el consumo máximo de oxígeno y el umbral anaeróbico. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar los diferentes métodos de entrenamiento para la resistencia en el fútbol que han demostrado su validez, entre los cuales se pueden destacar el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, las situaciones reducidas de juego, el entrenamiento de sprints repetidos y el entrenamiento continuo. La utilización de estos métodos a lo largo de la temporada, se debe basar en la valoración de los niveles de resistencia de los jugadores, lo cual orientará las posibles estrategias en la planificación, con el objetivo de optimizar el rendimiento de los futbolistas.

  18. Green synthesis and characterisation of platinum nanoparticles using quail egg yolk

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Gungor, Azize Alayli; Ince, Selvi; Babagil, Aynur

    2017-02-01

    Nanotechnology is extensively used in all parts today. Therefore, nano synthesis is also significant in all explored areas. The results of studies conducted have revealed that nanoparticle synthesis is performed by using both chemical and physical methods. It is well known that these syntheses are carried out at high charge, pressure and temperature in harsh environments. Therefore, this study investigated green synthesis method that sustains more mild conditions. In this study, quail egg yolk having high vitamin and protein content was prepared for green synthesis reaction and used for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles in the reaction medium. Reaction situations were optimised as a function of pH, temperature, time and concentration by using quail egg yolk. The results showed that the highest platinum nanoparticles were synthesised at 20 °C and pH 6.0 for 4 h. Also, optimal concentration of metal ions was established as 0.5 mM. The synthesised platinum nanoparticles were characterised by using UV spectrum, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope.

  19. Factorial correspondence analysis of fear-related behaviour traits in Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mignon-Grasteau, S; Roussot, O; Delaby, C; Faure, J M.; Mills, A; Leterrier, C; Guéméné, D; Constantin, P; Mills, M; Lepape, G; Beaumont, C

    2003-02-28

    Factorial correspondence analysis was performed on 341 quails from a F2 cross between two lines divergently selected on the duration of tonic immobility over 29 generations. Several fear- or stress-related traits were recorded, i.e. tonic immobility duration, number of inductions needed to induce tonic immobility, open-field behaviour (time spent walking, latency before first movement and number of defecations), asymmetry of tibia lengths and corticosterone concentration after restraint stress. Variables were categorised in classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis. The first axis was mostly described by open-field behaviour, and the second by tonic immobility traits (duration of tonic immobility and number of inductions), which showed that these behaviours were almost independent. No relationship was found between axes of the factorial correspondence analysis and corticosterone concentration or asymmetry of tibia lengths, showing that these variables reflected other characteristics of stress susceptibility than those described by tonic immobility and open-field behaviour. These results show that reaction to stress of quails is a multidimensional trait and cannot be summarised by one trait.

  20. Importancia de los plásmidos ColE1 en la resistencia a antibióticos

    OpenAIRE

    Santos López, Alfonso

    2016-01-01

    Los antibióticos han salvado millones de vidas desde que en la década de 1940 se introdujeran en la práctica clínica. Desafortunadamente debido a la rápida aparición de resistencias, su fácil diseminación y la dificultad de su eliminación una vez que se han establecido en la población, nos encontramos ante un grave problema tanto para la salud humana como para la sanidad animal. Actualmente, se producen en torno a 700.000 muertes al año por bacterias resistentes a antibióticos, y se calcula q...

  1. Evaluación de la resistencia del ácaro Varroa destructor al fluvalinato en colonias de abejas (Apis mellifera en Yucatán, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Froylán Martínez Puc

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La constante aplicación de piretroides para el control del ácaro Varroa destructor ha ocasionado la aparición de poblaciones de ácaros resistentes a este producto en diversas partes del mundo. Con la finalidad de detectar la posible existencia de poblaciones de ácaros resistentes al fluvalinato en el estado de Yucatán, uno de los principales estados productores de miel en México, se colectó un total de 12 muestras por cada apiario, seleccionando cuatro apiarios donde se ha utilizado de manera constante el fluvalinato para el control de V. destructor por un periodo de cinco años, y una cantidad de muestras similar provenientes de apiarios donde se han utilizado métodos de control alternativo durante un tiempo similar. Para determinar el porcentaje de mortalidad de los ácaros al fluvalinato, estos fueron expuestos a una pieza de 2.5 x 1.0 cm de Apistan® al 10%, por un periodo de 24 h. El porcentaje de mortalidad de varroas provenientes de apiarios tratados de manera constante con fluvalinato fue de 83.6 ± 0.51 %, inferior al porcentaje de mortalidad obtenido en los apiarios que sólo han recibido tratamiento alternativo el cual fue de 93.9 ± 1.98 %, existiendo diferencias entre ambos grupos (t=-3.93, P=0.01, gl= 46, lo cual indica una reducción en el porcentaje de mortalidad obtenido con el fluvalinato, sin embargo, esta reducción, aun no alcanza los niveles necesarios para reportar la presencia de ácaros resistentes, siendo importante cambiar las prácticas de manejo encaminadas a reducir los niveles de infestación de V. destructor, por lo que es recomendable la aplicación de métodos de control alternativo los cuales no ocasionan el desarrollo de resistencia en las poblaciones de ácaros.

  2. Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haritova, Aneliya; Dimitrova, Dimitrichka; Dinev, Toncho; Moutafchieva, Rumyana; Lashev, Lubomir

    2013-03-01

    A population approach was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 fluoroquinolones administered to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Healthy adult quail (n = 50) were divided into 3 groups, each administered a separate intravenous and oral dose of the compounded drug: enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg (n = 18; 9 male, 9 female), danofloxacin at 10 mg/kg (n = 12; 6 male, 6 female), and marbofloxacin at 5 mg/kg (n = 20; 10 male, 10 female). A fourth group was used as a control (n = 5). Enrofloxacin was metabolized extensively to ciprofloxacin, while no metabolites of either danofloxacin or marbofloxacin were detected. The volume of distribution was high, greater than 1 in all cases, and highest for danofloxacin, followed by enrofloxacin, then marbofloxacin. The total body clearance was higher in quail than that reported for other avian species with the exception of ostriches. As in mammals, the lowest clearance rate of the 3 fluoroquinolones was observed for marbofloxacin. Enrofloxacin was absorbed most rapidly, followed by marbofloxacin, then danofloxacin. The highest bioavailability was observed for danofloxacin followed by marbofloxacin, while very low bioavailability with significant conversion to ciprofloxacin was observed for enrofloxacin. Population analysis showed low intersubject variability for danofloxacin and marbofloxacin in contrast to that for enrofloxacin and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin. Because of their more favorable pharmacokinetic properties after oral administration, either danofloxacin or marbofloxacin appears to be preferable to enrofloxacin for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infection in Japanese quail.

  3. Determinación de los mecanismos de fractura de un material multicapa de aluminio de alta resistencia y excelente tenacidad a impacto basado en la aleación aeroespacial Al 7075

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cepeda-Jiménez, C. M.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available An aluminium multilayer laminate has been processed by hot rolling. It is constituted by 19 alternated layers of high-strength aluminium alloy (Al 7075-T6, 82 % vol and thinner pure aluminium layers (Al 1050-H24, 18 % vol. The microstructure of the constituent alloys and the composition gradient across the interfaces has been characterized. The multilayer laminate and the as-received aluminium alloys have been tested at room temperature by Vickers microhardness, three-point bend test and impact Charpy test. The outstanding improvement in damage tolerance, which is 18 times higher than that for the as-received Al 7075 alloy, is due to both intrinsic and extrinsic fracture mechanisms operating in the multilayer laminate during mechanical testing.

    En este trabajo se ha procesado mediante laminación en caliente un material multicapa constituido por 19 capas alternadas de aluminio de alta resistencia (Al 7075-T6, 82 %vol y capas de aluminio puro (Al 1050-H24, 18 %vol de menor espesor. Se ha caracterizado la microestructura de las aleaciones constituyentes después del procesado, así como el gradiente de composición generado alrededor de las intercaras. Las propiedades mecánicas a temperatura ambiente, tanto del material multicapa como de las aleaciones de partida, se han estudiado mediante microdureza Vickers, flexión en tres puntos y ensayos de impacto Charpy. El material multicapa procesado presenta una tenacidad a impacto Charpy 18 veces superior a la de la aleación de partida Al 7075. Este espectacular aumento de tolerancia al daño es debido a los mecanismos de fractura, tanto extrínsecos como intrínsecos, que operan en el material multicapa durante las diferentes solicitaciones mecánicas a las que ha sido sometido.

  4. Normal xeroradiographic and radiographic anatomy of the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), with reference to other galliform species

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, B.J.; Smith, S.A.

    1991-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic anatomy of the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) as a representative of the avian order Galliformes. The heads, bodies, wings, and pelvic limbs of four adult birds were radiographed using xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic techniques. Nine xeroradiographs and their corresponding conventional radiographs were selected, and the xeroradiographs labeled to illustrate the normal anatomy of these regions. A xeroradiograph of the tarsometatarsus of the domestic peacock (Pavo cristatus) was also included to demonstrate the metatarsal spur, which is not present in the quail

  5. Variance components for body weight in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    RO Resende

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to estimate the variance components for body weight in Japanese quails by Bayesian procedures. The body weight at hatch (BWH and at 7 (BW07, 14 (BW14, 21 (BW21 and 28 days of age (BW28 of 3,520 quails was recorded from August 2001 to June 2002. A multiple-trait animal model with additive genetic, maternal environment and residual effects was implemented by Gibbs sampling methodology. A single Gibbs sampling with 80,000 rounds was generated by the program MTGSAM (Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampling in Animal Model. Normal and inverted Wishart distributions were used as prior distributions for the random effects and the variance components, respectively. Variance components were estimated based on the 500 samples that were left after elimination of 30,000 rounds in the burn-in period and 100 rounds of each thinning interval. The posterior means of additive genetic variance components were 0.15; 4.18; 14.62; 27.18 and 32.68; the posterior means of maternal environment variance components were 0.23; 1.29; 2.76; 4.12 and 5.16; and the posterior means of residual variance components were 0.084; 6.43; 22.66; 31.21 and 30.85, at hatch, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old, respectively. The posterior means of heritability were 0.33; 0.35; 0.36; 0.43 and 0.47 at hatch, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old, respectively. These results indicate that heritability increased with age. On the other hand, after hatch there was a marked reduction in the maternal environment variance proportion of the phenotypic variance, whose estimates were 0.50; 0.11; 0.07; 0.07 and 0.08 for BWH, BW07, BW14, BW21 and BW28, respectively. The genetic correlation between weights at different ages was high, except for those estimates between BWH and weight at other ages. Changes in body weight of quails can be efficiently achieved by selection.

  6. Identificación molecular de mutaciones puntuales relacionadas con resistencia a drogas en VIH-1 de pacientes peruanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Yabar V

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar mutaciones puntuales relacionadas con resistencia a drogas en VIH-1 de pacientes peruanos. Materiales y metodos: Se seleccionaron 11 muestras de VIH provenientes de sangre total de sujetos con tratamiento antirretroviral (ARV. Posteriormente se realizo la optimizacion de la amplificacion de 337 pb del gen de la transcriptasa reversa (tr y 377 pb de todo el gen de la proteasa (prt. Los productos de PCR fueron secuenciados directamente para el analisis de mutaciones de resistencia. Las secuencias finales fueron analizadas en programas de analisis de mutaciones de la HIV Drug Resistance Database de la Universidad de Stanford. mutaciones de la HIV Drug Resistance Database de la Universidad de Stanford. Resultados: La optimizacion de la concentracion de ADN (2,5 ng / µL asi como la concentracion de magnesio (4 mM fueron factores criticos para la amplificacion de la tr y la prt respectivamente. De otro lado, el analisis de secuencia revelo la presencia de las mutaciones T215Y y la M184V en tr, implicadas en conferir resistencia a zidovudina (AZT y estavudina (D4T asi como a lamivudina (3TC y emtricitabina (FTC respectivamente. En prt se observaron las mutaciones D30N y N88D implicadas en conferir resistencia a nelfinavir (NFV. Es importante senalar que solo tres muestras de VIH-1 presentaron mutaciones de resistencia, las demas mostraron mutaciones compensatorias. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la existencia de mutaciones de resistencia a ARV a nivel de tr y prt de VIH-1 en sujetos peruanos que reciben terapia TARGA. Se requieren de mayores estudios para establecer un perfil de resistencia a ARV en la poblacion peruana.

  7. The effects of “Beijing grass” in diets on growth performance, humoral antibody and carcass characteristics in quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chethanond, U.

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Pharmacological study on Beijing grass (Bj. grass: Murdannia loriformis showed immunomodulator and anticancer activities. Thus, the effect of Bj. grass in diets was investigated in Japanese quails (aged 0-6 weeks on growth performances, humoral immunity and carcass characteristics. 708 1-day-old quails (Corturnix type which had no vaccination program were used in this study. They were experimented using completely randomized design and were divided into 6 treatments consisted of 4 replications with 27-31 heads each. The treatments were assigned as follows: Treatment 1 (T1 no vaccination and no Bj.grass, Treatment 2 (T2 vaccination and no Bj.grass, Treatment 3 (T3 vaccination and 3% Bj.grass, Treatment 4 (T4 vaccination and 6% Bj.grass, Treatment 5 (T5 vaccination and 9% Bj.grass and Treatment 6 (T6 vaccination and 10% Bj.grass juice (w/v. Vaccination program by 1 Newcastle disease + Infectious Bronchitis and 2 Pox were given at 1 and 3 weeks. Approximately 25% of quails were bled for determination of packed cell volume, gamma globulin levels and ND-HI titers. All male quails were put to sleep at 6 weeks. The results showed weight gain in the 3rd week was different in treatments using Bj. grass and treatments using control diet which body weight gain reduced when the level of Bj. grass increased (p 0.05. It was noted that not more than 6% Bj. grass could be used in quail diet without abnormal clinical signs. However, the more grass showed the tendency of poor weight gain. There were no differences in packed cell volume or gamma IgG level and ND-HI titers did not reach protection level. For carcass characteristics, Bj. grass 3% in diet gave the best carcass characteristics. (p < 0.05 In addition there was a dose-related reduction of abdominal fat (P=0.001.

  8. Eimeria spp. from Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica: new characteristic features and diagnostic tools

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno P. Berto

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The Japanese quail Coturnix japonica originated from North Africa, Europe and Asia, is used worldwide as an experimental animal and model for aviculture. The current paper characterizes Eimeria bateri, Eimeria tsunodai and Eimeria uzura recovered from C. japonica. Based on the fact that quails have a global distribution, as are their coccidia, the findings of this study should provide the means for diagnosis of those Eimeria spp. in other regions and continents. Eimeria bateri showed the greatest intensity of infection and shed oocysts from the fourth day after infection; in contrast, E. tsunodai and E. uzura shed oocysts from the fifth day after infection. The three species shared a high degree of similarity and were all polymorphic. Yet, the application of line regressions, histograms and ANOVA provided means for the identification of these species. Finally, the algorithm was very efficient since verified that resultant values were not superimposed.

  9. Classification of the coefficients of variation of parameters evaluated in Japanese quail experiments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DHV Leal

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to design a classification range of the coefficients of variation (CV of traits used in experiments with eggtype Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica. The journal Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia was systematically reviewed, using the key word 'quail' during the period of January, 2000 to 2010. The CV of feed intake (g/bird/d, egg production (%/bird/d, egg weight (g, egg mass (g/bird/d, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (g/dozen, feed conversion ratio per egg mass (g/g, and egg specific gravity (g/mL were collected. For each parameter, CV were classified using the following median (MD and pseudo-sigma (PS ratio as follows: low (CV MD + 2PS. According to the results, it was concluded that each parameter has a specific classification range that should be taken into account when evaluating experimental precision.

  10. Equivalencia aproximada entre las resistencias a la compresión de los morteros de cemento Portland según los Pliegos españoles de 1930, 1960 y algunas Normas extranjeras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calleja, J.

    1961-09-01

    Full Text Available Not availableCuando por razones de modernización y puesta al día de las prescripciones y normas de ensayo de un determinado material, por ejemplo el cemento se cambian las especificaciones relativas al mismo, es de todo punto interesante conocer la equivalencia entre las resistencias mecánicas de un mismo cemento ensayado según los métodos antiguos que se abandonan y según los modernos que se adoptan.

  11. Influencia del Calor Aportado y Metal de Aporte Sobre las Propiedades Mecánicas y la Microestructura de Juntas Soldadas por FCAW de Acero Microaleado de Alta Resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Marconi

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumenActualmente, los aceros microaleados son ampliamente utilizados en reemplazo de los aceros al C y C-Mn por sus ventajas en cuanto a propiedades mecánicas, resistencia a la corrosión y soldabilidad, permitiendo una reducción de peso de los vehículos y estructuras sin detrimento de su resistencia. Cuando estos aceros son soldados, el ciclo térmico de la soldadura provoca cambios microestructurales que modifican sus propiedades originales. El calor aportado (HI: heat input es una de las principales variables a tener en cuenta cuando se evalúan estas modificaciones. Las propiedades finales de la unión soldada también se definen por el tipo de consumible utilizado. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades mecánicas y la microestructura de juntas soldadas a tope de un acero microaleado con dos grados de metal de aporte y diferentes HI. Como resultado del trabajo se observó un aumento considerable de tamaño de grano en la ZAC adyacente a la línea de fusión para todas las condiciones, siendo este efecto más marcado cuando se soldó con alto HI; y un ablandamiento en la ZAC de grano fino. Prácticamente se mantuvieron los valores de resistencia a la tracción al soldar con ambos consumibles, con un mejor desempeño cuando se soldó con bajo HI. La tenacidad en la ZAC mejoró con la disminución del HI.

  12. Atrazine triggers developmental abnormality of ovary and oviduct in quails (Coturnix Coturnix coturnix) via disruption of hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qin, Lei; Du, Zheng-Hai; Zhu, Shi-Yong; Li, Xue-Nan; Li, Nan; Guo, Jing-Ao; Li, Jin-Long; Zhang, Ying

    2015-01-01

    There has been a gradual increase in production and consumption of atrazine (ATR) in agriculture to meet the population rising demands. Female reproduction is necessary for growth and maintenance of population. However, ATR impact on females and particularly ovarian developmental toxicity is less clear. The aim of this study was to define the pathways by which ATR exerted toxic effects on ovarian development of ovary and hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Female quails were dosed by oral gavage from sexual immaturity to maturity with 0, 50, 250 and 500 mg ATR/kg/d for 45 days. ATR had no effect on mortality but depressed feed intake and growth and influenced the biochemical parameters. Notably, the arrested development of ovaries and oviducts were observed in ATR-exposed quails. The circulating concentrations of E2, P, LH and PRL were unregulated and FSH and T was downregulated in ATR-treated quails. The mRNA expression of GnRH in hypothalamo and LH in pituitary and FSH in ovary was downregulated significantly by ATR exposure and FSH and PRL in pituitary were upregulated. ATR exposure upregulated the level of P450scc, P450arom, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD in ovary and downregulated ERβ expression in female quails. However, ATR did not change ERα expression in ovary. This study provides new insights regarding female productive toxicology of ATR exposure. Ovary and oviduct in sexually maturing females were target organs of ATR-induced developmental toxicity. We propose that ATR-induced developmental abnormality of ovary and oviduct is associated with disruption of gonadal hormone balance and HPO axis in female quails. - Highlights: • ATR triggers arrested development of ovarian and oviduct. • Ovary and oviduct are target organs of ATR-induced developmental toxicity. • Atrazine causes hormone adjustment disorder in female quails. • Atrazine upregulates steroidogenic factor and downregulates ERβ factor in ovary. • Atrazine disrupted the hypothalamo

  13. Normalización del cemento. Resistencias mecánicas: Algunos comentarios sobre el método de ensayo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gaspar Tebar, Demetrio

    1980-03-01

    Full Text Available Not avaible

    Como es sabido la categoría de los distintos tipos y clases de los cementos del Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas Generales para la Recepción de Cementos (RC-75 (1 viene fijada por la resistencia mecánica a compresión, en kp/cm2, que como valor mínimo se exige a los 28 días al mortero normal, sin tener un límite máximo; criterio que se sigue en las normas de numerosos países.

  14. Comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana de gérmenes aislados en heridas por quemaduras Behavior of antimicrobial resistance germs isolated from burn wounds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank Pérez Hera

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. Son objetivos de este trabajo determinar el comportamiento de la resistencia de diferentes microorganismos aislados frente a antimicrobianos probados en las heridas por quemadura, en pacientes ingresados en el servicio de quemados del Hospital General Provincial «Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola», durante los años 2001, 2003 y 2005. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, cuyo universo estuvo constituido por 96 pacientes, a los cuales se les realizó cultivo con antibiograma según la técnica descrita para el método de Kirby Bauer, y en algunos pacientes se empleó el sistema DIRAMIC. Se procesaron los datos en el programa computarizado Microsoft Excel, y los resultados se representaron en tablas y gráficos, con números absolutos y porcentajes. RESULTADOS. Durante el 2001, la resistencia antimicrobiana alcanzada por el germen que con mayor frecuencia se aisló (Pseudomonas aeruginosa abarca a la kanamicina (65,5 % y la ceftriazona (55,1 %, en orden decreciente. Durante el 2003 el resultado fue muy similar y se aisló, también en orden de frecuencia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Proteus mirabilis, este último con una resistencia sobre el 33,3 % a todos los antimicrobianos probados. En el 2005 se observó predominio de Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli, con una resistencia marcada a los aminoglucósidos y betalactámicos superior al 50 %. CONCLUSIONES. Se diagnosticaron 8 especies bacterianas con una elevada resistencia antimicrobiana. Los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mostró una tendencia al aumento de la resistencia frente a antimicrobianos como el cloranfenicol, los aminoglucósidos y las cefalosporinas.INTRODUCTION: The aims of present paper is to determine the resistance behavior of different isolated microorganisms towards antimicrobials detected in burn wounds in patients admitted in

  15. Ácidos grasos en la dieta diabetes mellitus e insulino resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Eugenia Pérez G.

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a la insulina es característica de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Como parte del tratamiento se recomienda los diabéticos, sustituir en las dietas los ácidos grasos saturados y el colesterol por ácidos grasos monoinsaturados; sin que estén del todo claro los mecanismos bioquímicos que beneficiarían a los pacientes. Es probable, entre otros mecanismos, que los ácidos grasos monoin­saturados aumenten la sensibilidad a la insulina. Esta revisión analiza la relación entre el tipo de ácido graso en la dieta y la resistencia a insulina en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

  16. Vitamin K supplementation for meat quail in growth of 1 to 14 days old

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Espejo Stanquevis

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The experiment was carried outto determine the levels of vitamin K for meat quails (Coturnixcoturnixsp from 1 to 14 days of age. Atotal of 2200 birds were used, complete by random experimental design, with 8 treatments, 5 repetitions and 55 meat quails per experimental unit. The levels of vitamin K supplementation were 0; 0.7; 1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 1.9; 2.2; 2.5 mg/kg diets. The performance was measured through weighing weekly from the birds and feed, and at the end of the experiment was carried out collects blood and bones for the assessment of bone quality parameters. The levels of vitamin K supplementation had no influence on performance orbone quality, except thatthe bone density and calcium concentration of the femur and the bone density of the tibia showeda quadratic effect, with estimates of 0.98; 0.92 and 1.18 respectively. The length of the tibia showed a linear increase according to the levels of vitamin K. There was no effect in the concentration of serum calcium, but there was a quadratic effect in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase. The vitamin K supplementation did not affect the performance of the meat quails from 1 to 14 days of age, showing that the amount of vitamin K present in ground corn and soybean meal-based diets is sufficient to meet the needs of the birds’ performance.

  17. Vigilancia de la resistencia a los antibacterianos en Argentina. Programa WHONET, 1995-1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Rossi

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha puesto en marcha un programa para la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antibacterianos, denominado WHONET, que se desarrolló en Argentina mediante una red de 23 laboratorios de instituciones hospitalarias públicas y privadas sometidos a programas nacionales e internacionales de control de calidad. Entre enero de 1995 y diciembre de 1996 se determinó por el método de difusión en agar la sensibilidad a los antibacterianos de 16 073 aislados clínicos consecutivos, siguiendo las recomendaciones del Comité Nacional de Estándares para Laboratorios Clínicos (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: NCCLS de los Estados Unidos de América. Más de la mitad de los aislados urinarios de Escherichia coli fueron resistentes a la ampicilina, y más de 30% a la trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Cuando se comparó la sensibilidad de los aislados urinarios de pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados, se observó una marcada diferencia en los perfiles de actividad (porcentaje de microorganismos resistentes aislados en pacientes hospitalizados frente a pacientes ambulatorios de la gentamicina (8% frente a 2%, la norfloxacina (6% frente a 2% y las cefalosporinas de tercera generación (18% frente a 10%. Los aislados de Klebsiella pneumoniae recuperados de hemocultivos presentaron resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación y a la gentamicina en 71 y 60% de los casos, respectivamente. La proporción de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la oxacilina fue de 39%. Cerca de la mitad de los aislados de Enterococcus spp. presentaron resistencia de alto nivel a los aminoglucósidos, pero no se detectó resistencia a los glicopéptidos. En nuestro medio, la ampicilina y la trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol no fueron apropiadas para el tratamiento de las diarreas; Shigella flexneri presentó mayor porcentaje de aislados resistentes a ambos fármacos (87 y 74%, respectivamente que Shigella sonnei (47 y 71

  18. The effect of mustard seed meal (Sinapis arvensis on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sajjad Mohebali

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the effect of wild black mustard seed meal on thyroid hormones (thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone in Japanese quails and also study the ability of FeSO4 to alleviate the possible negative effect of mustard meal on thyroid hormones in these birds for the first time. Methods: The experimental procedure was undertaken on 28 quails which were randomly assigned to a control and 6 test groups with 4 quails in each group for 28 days, during which the control group received basic diet with no mustard meal whereas the test groups (No. 2, 3 and 4 received mustard meal (5%, 10% and 15%, respectively and test groups (No. 5, 6 and 7 received FeSO4 (1%-treated mustard meal (5%, 10% and 15%, respectively on the basic of basic diet. Results: The group fed on 15% non-treated mustard seed meal had the least thyroxine level and its level backed to normal in group fed on 15% FeSO4-treated mustard seed meal although this group had the highest alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels. Conclusions: We concluded that up to 10% FeSO4 mustard seed meal could be incorporated in the quail diet successfully with the least damage to thyroids and livers, but further investigations on these birds are still needed to confirm this hypothesis.

  19. Dopamine modulates male sexual behavior in Japanese quail in part via actions on noradrenergic receptors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cornil, Charlotte A; Dejace, Christel; Ball, Gregory F; Balthazart, Jacques

    2005-08-30

    In rats, dopamine (DA) facilitates male sexual behavior through its combined action on D1- and D2-like receptors, in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) as well as other brain areas. In Japanese quail, systemic injections of dopaminergic drugs suggested a similar pharmacology but central injections have never been performed. Recent electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that DA effects in the MPOA of quail are mediated mainly through the activation of alpha2-noradrenergic receptors. Previous studies of DA action on behavior used specific dopaminergic agonists/antagonists and therefore unintentionally avoided the potential cross-reaction with alpha2-receptors. The present study was thus designed to investigate directly the effects of DA on male sexual behavior and to test whether the interaction of DA with heterologous receptors affects this behavior. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of DA or NE inhibited copulation in a dose-dependent manner. Systemic injections of yohimbine, an alpha2-noradrenergic antagonist, modulated copulation in a bimodal manner depending on the dose injected. Interestingly, a behaviorally ineffective dose of yohimbine markedly reduced the inhibitory effects of DA when injected 15min before. Together, these results show for the first time that i.c.v. injections of DA itself inhibit male sexual behavior in quail and suggest that the interaction of DA with alpha2-receptors has behavioral significance.

  20. Ovarian radiographic and direct measurements of Japanese Quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica submitted to light restriction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Albuquerque

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Often, in pet birds, any stimulus to lay eggs is unwanted in order to reduce reproductive diseases and disorders. The objectives of this study were: to determine the time necessary to promote ovary involution after an eight hour photoperiod using laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica; to connect the ovarian radiographic measurements with egg production; and to compare these measurements with direct ovary data obtained at necropsy. Birds were separated into three groups: 12h/24d (control group - 12h photoperiod for 24 days, 8h/24d and 8h/36d (8h photoperiod for 24 and 36 days. After euthanasia, all cadavers were x-rayed to measure ovary length and height. Birds were necropsied to measure ovarian length and weight. Results: radiographic ovary length demonstrated strong and positive correlation (r=0.96 with direct ovary length of all three groups; laying quails showed higher ovary height (p=0.025 and length (p=0.009 than non-laying quails; eight hours of artificial light per day promotes ovary length (p=0.025 and weight (p=0.009 reduction. Conclusions: radiography can estimate the ovary measure and indicate posture; an eight hour photoperiod of 24 days is not enough to promote ovarian regression, while the use of reduced photoperiod for 36 days promotes significant ovary involution.

  1. Tissue localization of DDT and PCB isomers (octa- and tetrachlorobiphenyl) in laying quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brandt, I.; Hoegman, P.-G.; Larsson, Y.; Olsson, S.

    1978-01-01

    Whole-body autoradiography of DDT- 14 C, 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl- 14 C and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6'=octachlorobiphenyl- 14 C in laying quails indicated a strong deposition of radioactivity in the yolk of the growing follicles and the egg, confirming this to be a significant excretion route of lipophilic environmental pollutants in laying birds. A specific uptake of DDT and octachlorobiphenyl, but not of tetrachlorobiphenyl, was observed in the cortical cords of the adrenals. The octachlorobiphenyl was concentrated also in the ovarian stroma. Both DDT and the tetrachlorobiphenyl were excreted in the bile juice to the small intestine. No such excretion of octachlorobiphenyl was observed, indicating its rate of metabolization to be low. All compounds were accumulated and stored in the body fat. A previously described specific accumulation of 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the respiratory tract of mice was not observed in the quail. (author)

  2. RESEARCH ON THE QUAIL EGGS ALBUMEN CONTENT IN SOME HEAVY METALS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. VIZITIU

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Out of a sample batch of 20 Japanese quails, Pharaoh race, with an age of 100 days and weighing 245 g, approximately 200 eggs were collected at the peak phase of the laying period. The eggs were measured, weighed and broken, separating the albumen from the other components. The data obtained served to calculate the physical and morphological indices. Primary chemical composition, caloricity, heavy metals content were first determined, the following data being obtained: quail eggs albumen has an average weight of 7.1025±0.061g, an average volume of 7.158±0.09cm3, an average density of 1.0168±0.0139 g/cm3 and an index (of freshness of 0.0797±0.0015. The albumen contains: 86.76% water, 13.24% dry matter, 0.835% mineral matter, 11.37% protein, 1.03% non-nitrogenous extractive substances and a caloricity of 289.498 kJ for 100 g product. The average content of heavy metals in albumen was: 1.33*10-3 ppm, for cadmium; 8.83*10-2 ppm, for zinc; 1.005 ppm, for cooper and 0.0 ppm, respectively, for lead.

  3. Resistencia a la compresión y reología de cementantes ambientalmente amigables

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Lizarazo Marriaga

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Siendo la producción de cemento responsable de aproximadamente el 9% de la producción industrial de gases de invernadero, y en pro de generar materiales alternativos, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación encaminada a de- sarrollar cementantes que potencialmente representen una alternativa ambientalmente sostenible en la construcción civil. Com- binaciones de escoria granulada de alto horno, escoria de acería obtenida mediante un proceso de oxígeno básico, polvo de horno de cemento y residuo de demolición de divisiones de yeso fueron usados para optimizar la resistencia a la compresión y obtener cinco mezclas de concreto con cementantes hechos parcial o totalmente con residuos industriales. Los resultados obteni- dos muestran que las resistencias de las mezclas compuestas de cemento Portland y residuos industriales son adecuadas para u- na cantidad importante de aplicaciones en construcción civil, y aunque para las mezclas formadas completamente por residuos industriales se presentó una importante disminución en la resistencia a la compresión, los resultados obtenidos mostraron un gran potencial para determinadas aplicaciones industriales. Adicionalmente a la resistencia a la compresión, a dichas mezclas se les determinaron sus propiedades reológicas definiendo sus características de flujo y trabajabilidad.

  4. COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DETOMIDINE AND DETOMIDINE - KETAMINE COCKTAIL IN QUAILS

    OpenAIRE

    U. F. Durrani, M. Ashraf and A. Khalid¹

    2005-01-01

    Twenty adult healthy quails (Coturnix coturnix) were divided into two equal groups. One group was administered detomidine (2.4 mg/kg, I/M) and other group was administered detomidine-ketamine cocktail (1.2 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg, I/M). Detomidine slowly and smoothly induced a light sedation accompanied by superficial analgesia, hypoventilation, hypothermia and bradycardia in all birds. Detomidine-ketamine cocktail rapidly and smoothly induced a deep anaesthesia accompanied by deep analgesia, hypove...

  5. Influence of the method of fluoride administration on toxicity and fluoride concentrations in Japanese quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fleming, W.J.; Schuler, C.A.

    1988-01-01

    Young Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were administered NaF for 16 d either in their diet or by esophageal intubation. Based on the total fluoride ion (Emg F-) intake over the l6-d experimental period, fluoride administered by intubation was at least six times more toxic than that fed in the diet. Dietary concentrations of 1,000 ppm F- (Emg F- for 16 d = approx. 144) produced no mortality, whereas intubated doses produced 73% or greater mortality in all groups administered 54 mg F- /kg/d or more (Emg F- for 16 d _ approx. 23 mg). GraphIc companson of the regression of log F- ppm in femurs/mg F- intake showed that fluoride levels in the femurs of quail administered fluoride by intubation were higher than in those administered fluoride in the diet.

  6. La Educación decimonónica como construcción de resistencias en profesoras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Enrique Meléndez-Ferrer

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La educación decimonónica es una construcción social de control cultural del patriarcado que se concreta en la heteronormatividad de la Ilustración. Debatir sobre esta educación implica considerar varios elementos como: enfoques feministas, resistencias y dominación patriarcal. Es importante analizar las visiones que sustentan la educación decimonónica como mecanismo reproductor de resistencias de las profesoras en sus prácticas sociales. Como consecuencia existe un cuerpo referencial con nociones sobre elementos anteriores más la noción visión, como categoría ordenadora del análisis educativo. Este debate se fundamenta en un enfoque cualitativo mediante la convivencia, problematización situacional, la etnografía social, la resignificación conceptual, el interaccionismo simbólico y la discusión sobre feminismos, géneros, mujeres, andragogía y subyugación universitaria. El análisis se estructura en las visiones política, naturalista, religiosa, dominación social y positivismo social. Según estas visiones, la educación decimonónica genera el apego al machismo discriminatorio y nacionalista existente en disciplinas científicas para que las profesoras se beneficien. También refuerza en ellas los gremialismos racistas al ser artefactos útiles, lo cual logra la desigualdad sexista y el separatismo del sistema sexo/ género. La educación desvela la civilidad mediante una educación pragmática y descalificativa, acentuando un empoderamiento masculino en las mujeres y el reconocimiento de su discriminación institucional-educativa. Este discurso vislumbra la religiosidad en educación y el miedo a romper esquemas. Además, impulsa a que las mujeres coparticipen del patriarcado positivista con la opresión heterosexual cientificista, instaurando su invisibilidad epistémica y doméstica. Finalmente, la educación refleja a unas profesoras despersonalizadas y robotizadas por la ciencia, al modelar la educación decimon

  7. Resistencia bacteriana Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesualdo Fuentes

    1993-01-01

    Full Text Available

    Se presenta un panorama de la resistencia bacteriana incluyendo su fisiopatogenia y formas de presentación y se establecen algunas consideraciones generales de tipo clínico como auxiliares para racionalizar el uso de los antimicrobianos y evitar o retardar el problema de la resistencia; éste plantea la necesidad de un reordenamiento definitivo en la prescripción de antimicrobianos. No será tanto la creación o descubrimiento de nuevos antibióticos sino la racionalización del manejo de los existentes lo que permitirá alcanzar victorias sobre estos microorganismos. Es Importante mantener educación continua sobre el uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos desde los puntos de vista epidemiológico, farmacocinético y fisiopatogénico.

    An overview on bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is presented. It includes the different genetic mechanisms for Its development and the biochemical phenomena that explain It. Some clinical considerations are proposed in order to rationalize the use of these drugs and to avoid or delay the appearance of resistance.

  8. Importancia de los ensayos de compactibilidad, resistencia en verde y humedad en mezclas de moldeo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alain Valdés-Crúz

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la teoría del agua rígida y de los trabajos desarrollados por Wenninger se alcanzó una concepción más clara sobre los mecanismos de aglutinación en verde de las mezclas de moldeo. Al mismo tiempo, se presta una particular atención a los ensayos de compactibilidad, resistencia a la compresión en verde y humedad, como índices más representativos de dicho proceso de aglutinación. Se demuestra la relación que existe entre estos ensayos y las consecuencias de los trabajos de Wenninger. Se hace particular énfasis en el ensayo de compactibilidad por considerarlo de aplicación limitada.

  9. Annotated Draft Genome Assemblies for the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus and the Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata Reveal Disparate Estimates of Modern Genome Diversity and Historic Effective Population Size

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David L. Oldeschulte

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata populations have suffered precipitous declines across most of their US ranges. Illumina-based first- (v1.0 and second- (v2.0 generation draft genome assemblies for the scaled quail and the bobwhite produced N50 scaffold sizes of 1.035 and 2.042 Mb, thereby producing a 45-fold improvement in contiguity over the existing bobwhite assembly, and ≥90% of the assembled genomes were captured within 1313 and 8990 scaffolds, respectively. The scaled quail assembly (v1.0 = 1.045 Gb was ∼20% smaller than the bobwhite (v2.0 = 1.254 Gb, which was supported by kmer-based estimates of genome size. Nevertheless, estimates of GC content (41.72%; 42.66%, genome-wide repetitive content (10.40%; 10.43%, and MAKER-predicted protein coding genes (17,131; 17,165 were similar for the scaled quail (v1.0 and bobwhite (v2.0 assemblies, respectively. BUSCO analyses utilizing 3023 single-copy orthologs revealed a high level of assembly completeness for the scaled quail (v1.0; 84.8% and the bobwhite (v2.0; 82.5%, as verified by comparison with well-established avian genomes. We also detected 273 putative segmental duplications in the scaled quail genome (v1.0, and 711 in the bobwhite genome (v2.0, including some that were shared among both species. Autosomal variant prediction revealed ∼2.48 and 4.17 heterozygous variants per kilobase within the scaled quail (v1.0 and bobwhite (v2.0 genomes, respectively, and estimates of historic effective population size were uniformly higher for the bobwhite across all time points in a coalescent model. However, large-scale declines were predicted for both species beginning ∼15–20 KYA.

  10. Effects of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. Leaf Meal and Vitamin E on Productive Performance, Intestinal Microflora and Morphology in Japanese Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samadi F

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available A total of 240, one-day-old quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica were used to study the effects of Artichoke leaf meal (ALM and vitamin E in diet on growth performance, ileal microbial populations and intestinal morphology in a 42-d trial. This experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 quails each, using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with diet and gender as the main effects. Four dietary treatments were formulated by addition of 2 levels (1.5 and 3 percent of ALM and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E to the basal diet. Supplementing basal diet with ALM did not improve growth performance at different rearing periods, whereas dietary vitamin E increased feed intake and body weight gain at day 21 of age (P. The ileal populations of lactobacillus and coliforms was not affected by dietary ALM treatments, whereas vitamin E increased the population of total aerobic bacteria (P≤0.04. The ileal villus height (P≤0.01 and crypt depth (P≤0.008 were reduced in quails fed on diets with ALM and vitamin E. The quails fed diets containing 3 percent ALM and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E had higher villus height:crypt depth ratio. The thickness of muscularies (P≤0.04 and mucosa (P≤0.0007 layers were decreased in birds fed diets containing ALM than control birds. Birds treated with ALM and vitamin E showed a shorter intestinal length (P≤0.02 and a lower pancereas relative weight. The results of this study showed that supplementing diet by ALM (1.5 and 3% and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E did not improve growth performance, ileal microbiota pupolations and intestinal morphometric indices in Japanese quail.

  11. The effect of nano-selenium particles and sodium selenite on humoral immunity indices of quails using foods contaminated with aflatoxin B1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ebrahim Talebi

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available This experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of inhibition of aflatoxin B1 by various sources of selenium and to compare the effect of nano selenium and sodium selenite on humoral immunity of quails. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design (CRD using six treatments and four replicates of ten quail chicks per replicate. Two hundred forty quails were divided in six groups vis. control: without aflatoxin B1 and without selenium. Group2: 1ppm aflatoxin B1 and without selenium. Group3: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.3 ppm nano selenium. Group4: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.3 ppm sodium selenite. Group5: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.6 ppm nano selenium. Group6: 1ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.6 ppm sodium selenite. To evaluate the humoral immunity response 0.2­ml of sheep red blood cell (SRBC solution was injected into breast muscle of quails at day 35 and blood sampling was conducted after a week. Newcastle vaccine was injected at day 28 and the antibody titer was determined after two weeks. The highest level of titer of antibody against the SRBC solution was related to the group which received 0.06 ppm nano selenium (p

  12. Traceability of animal meals in Japanese quail eggs using the technique of 13C e 15N* stable isotopes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C Mori

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen by the technique of carbon-13 (13C and nitrogen-15 (15N stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%. After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions.

  13. Altered embryonic development in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus induced by pre-incubation oscillatory thermal stresses mimicking global warming predictions.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelly S Reyna

    Full Text Available Global warming is likely to alter reproductive success of ground-nesting birds that lay eggs normally left unattended for days or even weeks before actual parental incubation, especially in already warm climates. The native North American bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus is such a species, and pre-incubation quail eggs may experience temperatures ≥45°C. Yet, almost nothing is known about embryonic survival after such high pre-incubation temperatures. Freshly laid bobwhite quail eggs were exposed during a 12 day pre-incubation period to one of five thermal regimes: low oscillating temperatures (25-40°C, mean = 28.9°C, high oscillating temperatures (30-45°C, mean = 33.9°C, low constant temperatures (28.85°C, high constant temperatures (mean = 33.9°C, or commercially employed pre-incubation temperatures (20°C. After treatment, eggs were then incubated at a standard 37.5°C to determine subsequent effects on embryonic development rate, survival, water loss, hatching, and embryonic oxygen consumption. Both quantity of heating degree hours during pre-incubation and specific thermal regime (oscillating vs. non-oscillating profoundly affected important aspects of embryo survival and indices of development and growth Pre-incubation quail eggs showed a remarkable tolerance to constant high temperatures (up to 45°C, surviving for 4.5±0.3 days of subsequent incubation, but high oscillating pre-incubation temperature increased embryo survival (mean survival 12.2±1.8 days and led to more rapid development than high constant temperature (maximum 38.5°C, even though both groups experienced the same total heating degree-hours. Oxygen consumption was ~200-300 μl O2.egg.min-1 at hatching in all groups, and was not affected by pre-incubation conditions. Oscillating temperatures, which are the norm for pre-incubation quail eggs in their natural habitat, thus enhanced survival at higher temperatures. However, a 5°C increase in pre

  14. Altered embryonic development in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) induced by pre-incubation oscillatory thermal stresses mimicking global warming predictions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reyna, Kelly S; Burggren, Warren W

    2017-01-01

    Global warming is likely to alter reproductive success of ground-nesting birds that lay eggs normally left unattended for days or even weeks before actual parental incubation, especially in already warm climates. The native North American bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is such a species, and pre-incubation quail eggs may experience temperatures ≥45°C. Yet, almost nothing is known about embryonic survival after such high pre-incubation temperatures. Freshly laid bobwhite quail eggs were exposed during a 12 day pre-incubation period to one of five thermal regimes: low oscillating temperatures (25-40°C, mean = 28.9°C), high oscillating temperatures (30-45°C, mean = 33.9°C), low constant temperatures (28.85°C), high constant temperatures (mean = 33.9°C), or commercially employed pre-incubation temperatures (20°C). After treatment, eggs were then incubated at a standard 37.5°C to determine subsequent effects on embryonic development rate, survival, water loss, hatching, and embryonic oxygen consumption. Both quantity of heating degree hours during pre-incubation and specific thermal regime (oscillating vs. non-oscillating) profoundly affected important aspects of embryo survival and indices of development and growth Pre-incubation quail eggs showed a remarkable tolerance to constant high temperatures (up to 45°C), surviving for 4.5±0.3 days of subsequent incubation, but high oscillating pre-incubation temperature increased embryo survival (mean survival 12.2±1.8 days) and led to more rapid development than high constant temperature (maximum 38.5°C), even though both groups experienced the same total heating degree-hours. Oxygen consumption was ~200-300 μl O2.egg.min-1 at hatching in all groups, and was not affected by pre-incubation conditions. Oscillating temperatures, which are the norm for pre-incubation quail eggs in their natural habitat, thus enhanced survival at higher temperatures. However, a 5°C increase in pre-incubation temperature

  15. Resistencia a la penetración en un Vertisol Crómico con diferentes usos, manejos y sitios de muestreo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. A Villazón

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la influencia del uso de la tierra, el sistema de labranza y el sitio de muestreo, sobre la resistencia a la penetración en un suelo Vertisol Crómico. Los usos de la tierra fueron: silvopastoreo, pasto natural, cultivos varios y caña de azúcar; esta última con laboreo tradicional y laboreo localizado. Los dos usos agrícolas se muestrearon en el camellón y el surco, y las profundidades fueron de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 y 30-40 cm. La mayor resistencia a la penetración (p < 0,001 se encontró en las áreas con fines pecuarios (8,64 y 7,71 impactos dm-3 en pasto natural y silvopastoreo, respectivamente. La menor resistencia a la penetración se encontró, en orden descendente, en el surco de caña de azúcar con laboreo localizado, el camellón en cultivos varios y el surco de caña de azúcar con laboreo tradicional. Esta variable aumentó a medida que se profundizó en el perfil del suelo. En los usos pecuarios se observó una capa más cercana a la superficie, en la que se incrementó la compactación. Se concluye que la mayoría de las profundidades se clasificaron como poco compactadas y medianamente compactadas; las primeras aparecieron en la superficie, con variaciones en cuanto al espesor. Solamente se encontró una capa compactada en la profundidad de 30-40 cm, en pasto natural.

  16. Neuroanatomical localization of endocrine control of reproductive behavior in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watson, J.T. III.

    1989-01-01

    Steroid autoradiography and systematic and intracranial steroid treatment were undertaken to determine the neuroanatomical loci which are sufficient to activate steroid sensitive behaviors in the Japanese quail. (1) Autoradiographic localization of steroid binding cells was performed on male and female quail brains using tritiated ( 3 H) testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The distributions of labelled cells in the quail brain following 3 H-T or 3 H-E2 injection and autoradiography were similar to one another. The distribution of labelled cells following 3 H-DHT autoradiography was limited in comparison to that following 3 H-T autoradiography. Males were found to have more labelled cells than females in nucleus taeniae. (2) Intracranial implantation of minute pellets of testoterone propionate (TP) and estradiol benzoate (EB) was performed to determine neuroanatomical loci at which steroids activate sexual behavior. Both TP and EB implants in the preoptic area (POA) activated male copulatory behavior. (3) Systematic injection of aromatase inhibitor prior to and concurrent with implantation completely blocked copulatory behavior in males with TP implants in the POA but failed to block copulation in males with EB implants in the POA. (4) Intact males and castrated males given 5 dosages of systematic EB treatment were tested for sexual behavior, and blood samples from each group were assayed for E2 concentration. (5) Midbrain DHTP implants were activated crowing without significantly stimulating peripheral androgen-sensitive tissues, but the effect on crowing was not localized to any one nucleus

  17. INSULINO RESISTENCIA EN MUJERES INFÉRTILES

    OpenAIRE

    Urdaneta Machado,José  ; Vera Cabana,Jimys; García Ildefonso,José  ; Babel Zambrano,Nasser  ; Contreras Benítez,Alfi  

    2010-01-01

    Antecedentes: La insulino resistencia (IR) es una compleja alteración fisiopatológica, presente en los órganos terminales, de alta prevalencia en mujeres en edad fértil y etapa prepuberal, con reconocida asociación a riesgo cardiovascular e infertilidad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de IR en mujeres infértiles y los factores de riesgos asociados en mujeres que acuden a la consulta de ginecología de la Maternidad "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza". Método: Investigación de tipo aplicada y desc...

  18. Genotipicación de la resistencia natural del ganado blanco orejinegro “BON” a la Salmonella dublin SL 2260

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Eliécer Ossa Londoño; Gary Adams; Gabriel Bedoya Berrío; Jaime I. Velásquez; María Teresa Rugeles López; Ómar A. Saldarriaga

    2000-01-01

    Uno de los factores que controla la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares como Salmonella y Brucella, es el producto del gen Nramp (proteína del macrófago asociada a resistencia natural); esta proteína, en la fase temprana de la infección, controla la capacidad de replicación de estas bacterias en los macrófagos. Recientemente se identificó asociación entre un alelo de 175 pb de un microsatélite (STR), ligado a Nramp, con la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares en bovinos; adic...

  19. Performance and Fatty Acid Profile of Japanese Quails Fed on Diets Supplemented with Used Restaurant Oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Faramawy, A.A.; Fahmy, M.O.

    2005-01-01

    The experiment was designed to study the effects of replacing cotton seed oil (CSO) with Used Restaurant Oil (URO) in Japanese quail diets on performance, fatty acid composition of the carcass and egg and concentration of iodine metabolites. URO was added to the diets at 0, 1, 2 or 4 % at the expense of CSO (4 %) in the control diet during a 10-week trial period. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, mortality rate, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the levels of used restaurant ,oi). Replacing 25,% or 50 % of CSO with URO had no significant (p>0.05) effect on linoleic acid content of carcass and egg. In contrary, linoleic acid content was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the carcass and egg of the group which fed on the diet with 4 % URO. It can be concluded that used restaurant oil can be supplemented to the Japanese quail diets at the levels of 1 % and 2 % without any determine effect on the performance and the fatty acid profile of carcass and egg. rat supplementation to broiler chicken is a long standing practice for improving the consistency and palatability of the diets; increasing the energy density of broiler meat; stimulating growth and utilization of food and energy; feed efficiency; egg size, yield, and hatch ability (Carew and Hill, 1964; Vermeersch and Vanschoubroek, 1968 and Summers and Lesson, 1979 ). Poultry required fat in the diet as a source of essential fatty acids and to facilitate supply and absorption of vitamins (Clarke et al, 1977). Oil may be added to poultry diets in order to meet the 1% linoleic acid requirements

  20. Isolation, identification, and serotyping of Avibacterium paragallinarum from quails in Indonesia with typical infectious coryza disease symptoms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC or snot is an infectious upper respiratory disease affecting chickens and birds, including quails, and it is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. The symptoms of IC are facial swelling, malodorous nasal discharge, and lacrimation. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and serotype the A. paragallinarum of snot in quails and to determine the sensitivity and resistance to several antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Nine quails from Yogyakarta, Indonesia with typical snot disease symptoms were used in this study. The nasal swab was obtained and directly streaked onto a chocolate agar plate and blood agar plate (BAP, then incubated in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24-48 h. Staphylococcus spp. was cross-streaked onto the BAP to show the satellite growth. The observation of the morphology of the suspected colony, Gram staining, and biochemical tests (catalase test, oxidase test, urease test, peptone test, and carbohydrate fermentation such as maltose, mannitol, lactose, and sorbitol are done to identify the species of bacteria. This research also detects the serovar of A. paragallinarum using hemagglutination inhibition test. The antibiotic sensitivity tests were also performed using several antibiotics against five A. paragallinarum isolates that were cultured on Mueller-Hinton Agar and added with antibiotic discs, then incubated in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24-48 h. Results: Five isolates out of nine suspected isolates (55.5% were A. paragallinarum. The growth of isolates from quails did not depend on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD (NAD-independent. Sensitivity test was done using the five identified A. paragallinarum isolates, results showed that they were 100% sensitive to amoxicillin (AMC and ampicillin (AMP; 100% resistant toward amikacin (AK, erythromycin (E, gentamycin (CN, and tetracycline (TE; 80% resistant toward kanamycin (K and trimethoprim (W; 60% resistant toward chloramphenicol (C; and 20

  1. Resistencia de Streptococcus pneumoniae a penicilina en portadores nasofaringeos menores de 2 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Theresa Jean Ochoa Woodell

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available El neumococo es un agente etiológico importante de infecciones comunes que afectan a todas las edades. En las últimas décadas han aparecido a nivel mundial cepas de neumococo resistentes a la penicilina. A nivel local no se conoce la magnitud de este problema. Objetivo: El objetivo fue determinar el porcentaje de resistencia del neumococo a la penicilina en portadores nasofaríngeos menores de 2 años en el Consultorio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima. Material y métodos: Se tomaron muestras de hisopeado nasofaríngeo en 170 niños (Setiembre 1996-Marzo 1997, para cultivo de neumococo y determinación de su sensibilidad a la penicilina con el E-test y a otros antibióticos con la sensibilidad en disco. Resultados: Se encontró 44% (75/170 de portadores nasofaríngeos de neumococo en niños de 6 meses a 2 años. La presencia de tres o más niños en la familia estuvo asociado a un mayor porcentaje de portadores. De las 75 cepas aisladas, 4 (5.3% fueron resistentes a la penicilina, incluyendo 3 (4% con resistencia intermedia y 1 (1.3% con alta resistencia (MIC=1.5my g/mL. La resistencia a otros antibióticos fue: trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole 39 cepas (52%, cefaclor 18 (24%, cloranfenicol 17 (22.7%, eritromicina 14 (18.6%, clindamicina 9 (12% y rifampicina 8 (10.7%. Conclusión: La resistencia del neumococo a la penicilina continúa baja en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia; sin embargo, es urgente establecer estrategias de prevención y control de la emergencia y diseminación de microorganismos resistentes. ( Rev Med Hered 1998; 9:56-62.

  2. Influencia del espesor de adhesivo de poliuretano en la resistencia de uniones sometidas a cortadura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-Ledesma, R.

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available The thickness of adhesive layers in metallic bonded joints has direct influence in the performance and mechanical behaviour of these joints. The aim of this study was to analyse the strength and strain properties of steel overlap joints bonded with polyurethane adhesive layers with different thickness. The results show that the strength is maximum when the thickness of the adhesive layer is very thin, 0.1 mm. When the thickness growth to 1 mm the strength goes down rapidly. For layers from 1 to 1.5 mm the strength goes down slower and from 1.5 to 4 mm the strength is nearly constant. In other hand, the joint strain increase uniformly with adhesive layer thickness growth.

    El espesor de la capa de adhesivo en las uniones por adhesión de materiales metálicos, tiene una influencia notable en el comportamiento y las propiedades mecánicas de dichas uniones. El objeto de este trabajo fue analizar las propiedades de resistencia y desplazamiento, presentadas por uniones a solape de acero, unidas con capas de diferentes espesores de un adhesivo de poliuretano. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la resistencia mecánica es máxima para capas de adhesivo de espesor muy delgado: 0,1 mm. Cuando el espesor crece de 0,1 hasta 1 mm la resistencia disminuye rápidamente. Para capas desde 1 hasta 1,5 mm la resistencia disminuye más lentamente y, a partir de 1,5 mm, la resistencia permanece prácticamente constante. Por otro lado, los desplazamientos de la unión aumentan uniformemente a medida que crece el espesor de la capa de adhesivo.

  3. Hepatic microsomal metabolism of BDE-47 and BDE-99 by lesser snow geese and Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krieger, Lisa K; Szeitz, András; Bandiera, Stelvio M

    2017-09-01

    In the present study, we investigated the oxidative biotransformation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) by liver microsomes from wild lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Formation of hydroxy-metabolites was analyzed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method. Incubation of BDE-47 with avian liver microsomes produced sixteen hydroxy-metabolites, eight of which were identified using authentic standards. The major metabolites formed by liver microsomes from individual lesser snow geese were 4-hydroxy-2,2',3,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (4-OH-BDE-42), 3-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (3-OH-BDE-47), and 4'-hydroxy-2,2',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (4'-OH-BDE-49). By comparison, 4-OH-BDE-42 and 4'-OH-BDE-49, but not 3-OH-BDE-47, were major metabolites of Japanese quail liver microsomes. Unidentified metabolites included monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers. Incubation of BDE-99 with avian liver microsomes produced seventeen hydroxy-metabolites, twelve of which were identified using authentic standards. The major metabolites formed by lesser snow goose liver microsomes were 2,4,5-tribromophenol, 3-OH-BDE-47, 4'-OH-BDE-49, 4-hydroxy-2,2',3,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (4-OH-BDE-90), and 5'-hydroxy-2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (5'-OH-BDE-99). By comparison, the major metabolites produced by liver microsomes from Japanese quail included 6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE-47) and 2-hydroxy-2',3,4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (2-OH-BDE-123), but not 3-OH-BDE-47. Unidentified metabolites consisted of monohydroxy-pentabromodiphenyl ethers, monohydroxy-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers and dihydroxy-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers. Another difference between the two species was that formation rates of BDE-47 and BDE-99 metabolites were greater with liver

  4. UN PENETRÓMETRO DINÁMICO PARA EVALUAR LA RESISTENCIA MECÁNICA EN SUELOS FORESTALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irma Vásquez García

    2011-01-01

    matorral. En laboratorio se prepararon muestras de diferente densidad aparente y contenido de humedad para probar la sensibilidad del penetrómetro. El equipo diseñado es sensible a los ambios de resistencia mecánica a densidades bajas (0.6-1.0 Mg·m-3, que son comunes en los suelos forestales y cambios de humedad del suelo (5-25 %. Con la validación del protocolo se encontró que una serie de 10 impactos genera un dato confiable sobre la resistencia mecánica del suelo superficial.

  5. El humor político en la Web, un discurso de resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LILIANA XIMENA GONZÁLEZ GOYENECHE

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe el proceso metodológico desarrollado en la propuesta monográfica titulada El humor. Un discurso de resistencia política: análisis crítico multimodal, tesis de la Maestría en Lingüística de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Trabajo que surge del interés por ver cómo, por medio del discurso humorístico, se construye un discurso de resistencia a los discursos hegemónicos, identificando las estrategias discursivas que utiliza el humor para la construcción de un discurso político de resistencia; también, a través del análisis de videos humorísticos de corte político: productos multimodales mediatizados desde la Web en el portal YouTube. El corpus seleccionado fue la serie animada El Pequeño Tirano creada por Santiago Rocha, Simón Wilches y Santiago Rivas en el año 2008, que tematiza alrededor del mandato presidencial de Álvaro Uribe Vélez. Serie animada representativa del fenómeno del humor político en Colombia, de su significado y sus implicaciones en la vida social y cultural del país.

  6. Sevicia y pleito legal como elementos de dominación y prácticas de resistencia entre amos y esclavos negros en el santiago tardo colonial. El caso de la esclava Thadea Aranguez, 1775-1776.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Duarte Sepúlveda

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo nos invita a acercarnos al tema al estudio de la sevicia –uso de la violencia excesiva por parte de los amos- como elemento de dominación colonial, ejercida sobre los esclavos negros en la ciudad de Santiago en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Junto con ello, la reacción de los sujetos dominados muchas veces dista de una actitud pasiva y sumisa. Éstos manifiestan un rechazo a la dominación impuesta mediante distintas maneras, constituyéndose lo que se denomina resistencia. El esclavo, al tomar conocimiento de su condición jurídica, utiliza el pleito legal como un modo específico de resistencia frente a la dominación. La práctica jurídica es un recurso que utilizan los sujetos subalternos durante la época colonial estudiada, con el objetivo de reinvindicar prerrogativas esenciales y hacer frente a la estigmatización y prejuicios con los que cargaban dichos sujetos en un escenario de profundas diferenciaciones sociales.

  7. Distribution and excretion of /sup 115m/cadmium and its transfer to egg and bone in laying female and estrogenized male Japanese quail

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nishimura, M; Sakuta, M; Okamoto, K; Urakawa, N

    1974-01-01

    The distribution of /sup 115m/cadmium and its transfer to the egg were investigated in laying Japanese quail. Furthermore, the influence of estrogens on the tissue uptake of /sup 115m/cadmium was analyzed in adult male quail. Whole-body sections of a laying quail were prepared. Autoradiograms were made in birds killed 1, 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 hours after a single injection of /sup 115m/cadmium chloride. During the first 48 hours following the injection, high concentrations of /sup 115m/cadmium were detected in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, proventriculus, uterus and small intestine. In eggs laid, /sup 115m/cadmium was detected only in the yolk. Its amount in the yolk was the highest in the second egg and decreased afterwards in the increasing order of oviposition sequence. The amount of the second egg was 0.21 percent of the given. In the male quail after estrogenization, the concentration of /sup 115m/cadmium increased in the femur and decreased in the liver, whole blood, and blood corpuscle, but was not affected at all in the kidney or blood plasma. These effects were dependent on the dose of estradiol benzoate. The cumulative contents of /sup 115m/cadmium in feces and urine for 192 hours were 28.42 +/- 0.73 (mean +/- standard error) percent of the dose given in laying quail, 25.83 +/- 0.91 percent in untreated males, and 27.81 +/- 0.63 percent in estrogenized males. It appeared that the increased uptake of cadmium in the femur by the estrogenization was roughly parallel with the formation of intramedullary bone. 22 references, 8 figures.

  8. Impacto de los movimientos migratorios en la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Galán Montemayor

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: España es uno de los principales aceptores mundiales de inmigrantes. Sin embargo existen escasos trabajos sobre la caracterización de bacterias resistentes en la población inmigrante en España. El objetivo es conocer el impacto de la inmigración en la prevalencia de la resistencia antibiótica en España. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica artículos originales publicados entre 1998-2013 realizando la búsqueda con las palabras clave resistencia, inmigrante y España más Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae o Enterobacteriaceae y diarrea del viajero para cada uno de los sub-apartados. Resultados: El porcentaje global de cepas de M. tuberculosis resistentes fue 2,5-4 veces más frecuente en la población inmigrante que en la población nativa. La proporción de cepas multiresistentes fue también mayor en población inmigrante adulta (2,5% e infantil (4,5% respecto apoblación autóctona (0,1-0% respectivamente. El 28% de casos de gonococia en España se detectaron en inmigrantes procedentes de áreas con altos niveles de resistencia a macrólidos (30% y cefalosporinas (20% suponiendo un peligro de diseminación de cepas de N. gonorrhoeae de difícil tratamiento. La detección de entero bacterias multiresistentes en individuos españoles antes y después de realizar viajes a países con alta resistencia se elevó desde 7,9% a 17,9% (a 37,4% en personas procedentes de India. Conclusiones: Las diferentes tasas de resistencia entre población autóctona y población inmigrante en los modelos estudiados en esta revisión revelan que los flujos migratorios no solo afectan a la emergencia o re emergencia de enfermedades infecciosas sino también a la elección de tratamiento efectivo.

  9. Performance of japanese quails fed feeds containing different corn and limestone particle sizes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DA Berto

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed at evaluating performance and egg quality of Japanese quails fed feeds containing different corn and limestone particle sizes. A total number of 648 birds in the peak of production was distributed in a random complete block experimental design, using a 2x3 factorial arrangement (2 corn particle sizes and 3 limestone particle sizes. Birds were designated to one of two blocks, with six replicates of 18 birds each. Mean geometric diameter (MGD values used were 0.617mm and 0.723mm (corn fine and coarse particle sizes, respectively, and 0.361mm, 0.721mm, and 0.947mm (limestone fine, intermediate and coarse particle sizes, respectively. The following treatments were applied: T1: fine corn feed, with 100% fine limestone; T2: fine corn feed, with 50% fine limestone and 50% intermediate limestone; T3: fine corn feed, with 50% fine limestone and 50% coarse limestone; T4: coarse corn feed, with 100% fine limestone; T5: coarse corn feed, with 50% fine limestone and 50% intermediate limestone; T6: coarse corn feed, with 50% fine limestone and 50% coarse limestone. The experiment lasted 112 days, consisting of 4 cycles of 28 days. No significant interaction was observed among corn and limestone particle sizes for any of the analyzed parameters. There were no significant effects (p>0.05 of the tested corn particle sizes on quail performance or egg quality. There were significant (p<0.05 isolated effects of limestone particle size only on the percentage of cracked eggs, which was reduced when birds fed 50% coarse limestone (0.947mm and 50% fine limestone (0.361mm as compared to those fed 100% fine limestone. Therefore, the inclusion of 50% coarse limestone (0.947mm is recommended for quail egg production.

  10. Resistencia a la corrosión y desgaste de recubrinnientos deTiN obtenidos por PVD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conde, A.

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Surface hardening techniques for metallic alloys are widely used to achieve layers of very high hardness and corrosion and wear resistance. In the present paper TiN coatings are obtained by PVD on a tool steel. The films are characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction and XPS. Corrosion behaviour in NaCl solution showed the importance of the presence of defects on the PVD coating due to the different electrochemical behaviour of the steel base. Pin-on-disk measurements at approximately 40% RH against a corundum (Al2O3 ball showed a significant decrease in the wear rate compared with the results for the standard tool steel.

    Los tratamientos de endurecimiento superficial de aleaciones metálicas se utilizan para lograr capas de muy elevada dureza, resistencia a la corrosión y desgaste. En este trabajo, se estudia el comportamiento de recubrimientos de TiN obtenidos mediante PVD sobre aceros de herramientas. Las capas obtenidas se caracterizan mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, difracción de rayos X y XPS. Se analiza el comportamiento frente a la corrosión de las capas protectoras, así como la influencia del substrato en su comportamiento en soluciones de NaCl. Finalmente, se realizan ensayos de desgaste por deslizamiento en seco mediante la técnica de pin-on-disk, comprobándose la mayor resistencia de estas capas.

  11. The effect of diet and host genotype on ceca microbiota of Japanese quail fed a cholesterol enriched diet.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Shasha; Bennett, Darin C; Tun, Hein M; Kim, Ji-Eun; Cheng, Kimberly M; Zhang, Hongfu; Leung, Frederick C

    2015-01-01

    Two Japanese quail strains, respectively atherosclerosis-susceptible (SUS) and -resistant (RES), have been shown to be good models to study cholesterol metabolism and transportation associated with atherosclerosis. Our objective was to examine possible difference in cecal microbiota between these strains when fed a control diet and a cholesterol enriched diet, to determine how host genotype and diet could affect the cecal microbiome that may play a part in cholesterol metabolism. A factorial study with both strains and two diets (control, cholesterol) was carried out. Cecal content was collected from 12 week old quail that have been on their respective diets for 6 weeks. DNA was extracted from the samples and the variable region 3-5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The amplicon libraries were subjected to pyrosequencing. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of β-diversity showed four distinct microbiota communities that can be assigned to the 4 treatment groups (RES/control, RES/cholesterol, SUS/control, SUS/cholesterol). At the Phylum level, the 4 treatment groups has distinct Firmicutes community characteristics but no significant difference in Bacteroidetes. Eubacterium dolichum was rare in RES/control but became overabundant in RES/cholesterol. An unclassified species of Lactobacillaceae was found in abundance in SUS/control but the same species was rare in RES/cholesterol. On the other hand, two Lactobacillus species were only found in RES/control and an unclassified Lachnospiraceae species was abundant in RES/cholesterol but rare in SUS/control. The abundance of four species of Lachnospiraceae, three species of Ruminococcaceae and one species of Coprobacillaceae was positively correlated with plasma Total Cholesterol, plasma LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio. Our study of cecal microbiota in these quail has demonstrated that selection for susceptibility/resistance to diet induced atherosclerosis has also affected the quail's cecal environment to host

  12. Resistencia a antimicrobianos de bacilos Gram negativos aislados en unidades de cuidado intensivo en hospitales de Colombia, WHONET 2003, 2004 y 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Consuelo Miranda

    2006-09-01

    Resultados. Los altos porcentajes de resistencia reportados en especial para A. baumannii, corroboraron la presencia de bacterias multirresistentes en las UCI en las instituciones participantes durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones. Es urgente crear una red nacional de vigilancia de la resistencia a antimicrobianos de los patógenos hospitalarios y de esta manera mejorar nuestra habilidad para detectar, supervisar y manejar la resistencia a antimicrobianos en Colombia.

  13. Comparison between the effects of animal and plant basal diets on productivity of Japanese quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu-Taleb, A.M.

    2004-01-01

    The outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease in cattle, known as m ad cow disease , make the European commission to take an action for preventing the spread of such disease by banning the feeding ruminant tissue and animal by-products to farm animals. This study suggested to compare between two basal diets originated from either plants or animal and their effects on some physiological parameters related to the bird growth. A total number of 800 one day old unsexed Japanese quails were used in this study. Quails were divided equally into two groups containing 400 birds each. Each group contained 4 replicates of 100 birds. Group one the birds were fed on animal diet and group two fed on plant diet. The two diets contained 24% crude protein (CP) and 4% fat and contains 3200 Kcal/kg diet in starter, while the layer diet contained 21% CP and 4% fat and contains 3000 Kcal/kg diet. Growth data were obtained by weighing the quails individually every week until 6 th weeks, 6 th months and 1 2th months. Eggs were collected daily and weighed for eight months starting from the onset of first egg lying. At 8 th month, a sample of 8 quails was sacrificed, organ weighted and blood samples were collected. Carcass composition was performed to determine % fat, % protein, % ash and total moisture. Hematological and histological parameters, liver and kidney functions, total protein, albumin, globulin, estradiol, testosterone, cholesterol and total lipids were evaluated. The results showed significant increase in body weights gain in one and three weeks only in animal protein diet but no difference were shown between animal and plant diet after 4 weeks and until 12 month. No difference between animal and plant diets were noted in total dry solids (TDS), fat %, ash and protein of TDS and egg production. Levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, total protein, albumin, hematological parameters and total lipids showed non-significant values. The histological parameters

  14. Effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in the diets on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters in quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yalçın, S; Erol, H; Ozsoy, B; Onbaşılar, I; Yalçın, S

    2008-12-01

    This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 240 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 10 weeks were randomly allocated into one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, comprising 12 quails each. Dried brewing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used at the levels of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. Soyabean meal was replaced with dried brewing yeast. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The experimental period lasted 18 weeks. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index, egg Haugh unit, the percentages of egg shell, albumen and yolk, excreta moisture and small intestinal pH. Inclusion of 3% and 4.5% dried brewing yeast in diets reduced egg yolk cholesterol concentration as mg per yolk and mg per g yolk (P brewing yeast was significantly lower (P brewing yeast resulted in significant increases (P brewing yeast. It is concluded that dried brewing yeast can be used up to 4.5% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters.

  15. Resistencia a la corrosión ácida de morteros de cementos adicionados con catalizador de craqueo catalítico gastado (sFCC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Izquierdo

    Full Text Available El catalizador de craqueo catalítico gastado (sFCC es un residuo producido por la industria petroquímica y ha demostrado una elevada potencialidad como adición puzolánica en mezclas de cemento Portland (OPC. El presente artículo evalúa la eficacia del sFCC como adición mineral activa en morteros de cemento Portland, así como la resistencia al ataque químico cuando los materiales producidos son inmersos en ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4, acético (CH3COOH o clorhídrico (HCl. Se llevó a cabo una comparación del desempeño del sFCC como adición frente a adiciones comercialmente disponibles, tales como humo de sílice (SF y metacaolín (MK. Los resultados revelan un incremento en las resistencias mecánicas de hasta un 17% en morteros con sFCC en comparación a un mortero referencia sin adición (OPC. La inmersión en H2SO4 durante 90 días condujo a la formación de yeso y pérdida de resistencias mecánicas de hasta un ~25% en las mezclas con MK y sFCC. Para las muestras inmersas en HCl y especialmente las constituidas con sFCC y MK, se identificó Sal de Friedel, como consecuencia del ingreso de Cl" y posterior reacción con los monosulfoaluminatos formados durante la hidratación del cemento. La inmersión en ácido acético condujo a pérdidas de resistencia de hasta un 57% para OPC y 37% para morteros adicionados con sFCC. De esta manera, la inmersión en HCl promueve el mayor ataque para los sistemas adicionados y posterior deterioro, seguido del CH3COOH y H2SO4. Se destaca el mejor desempeño del mortero con 20% sFCC, en particular en presencia de ácido sulfúrico.

  16. Effects of Propolis, Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Ronozyme Supplementation in Diets of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) on Yolk Lipid Peroxidation

    OpenAIRE

    Yılmaz S; Tatli Seven P; Kaya E

    2017-01-01

    This study discovers the possible effect propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen and Ronozyme supplementation in diets that can be beneficial for Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Total one hundred and sixty Japanese quails at 43 days of age were used and divided randomly into 4 replicate groups each containing 32 animals. The experimental groups as follows: control group was feed a basal diet, royal jelly group was added to the water with 500 mg/kg diet, propolis group was feed orally ...

  17. A Review on Some Parameters of Environment in Youth Intensive Raising of Japanese Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucian Ioniţă

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-art of scientific research on some environmentalparameters recommended by the literature in the intensive raising of young quails. As a result ofthe research it can be said that the temperature in the raising area of the young Japanese quailvaries between 35 º - 37.8 º C in the first week of life, after which it decreases by 3-4 ° C / week.The relative humidity in the shelter of young quails in the first week of raising must bemaintained at 80% (made with trays of water; then it should decrease at the value of 70%. Lightregime recommended for intensive young quails raising can be 24 hours light per day to 42 daysor can choose a program of light of 24 hours a day during the first 7 days of life, after which itcan be reducde up to 16 hours a day until the age of 42 days. Light intensity should be between20 lux and 45 lux for the first 7 days of life of the youth, then can be reduced by 20 to 5 lux untilthe age of 41 days. Density per area unit in the house is of 150 chicken / sqm (for ground riasing,reaching the age of 6 weeks at a density of 100 chicks / sqm or 250 chicken / sqm cage (in thecase of youth raising in batteries The number of chickens decreases to 250 for 1.5 sqm of cagearea in the second week of life and 250 chicken for 2 sqm cage area in the third week.

  18. Resistencia a insulina en adolescentes obesos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Isabel Rojas-Gabulli

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La obesidad en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud pública que se encuentra en incremento a nivel mundial, siendo conocida su relación con el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de resistencia a la insulina en adolescentes obesos y no obesos según sexo, edad, estadio puberal y antecedentes familiares de alteración metabólica o enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV explorando asociación y riesgo. Diseño: Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico. Lugar: Tres centros educativos de la zona urbana de Lima. Participantes: Adolescentes entre 10 y 17 años de edad. Intervenciones: Se estudió 69 adolescentes entre 10 y 17 años de edad, agrupados de acuerdo a la presencia de obesidad. El diagnóstico de obesidad fue definido por un índice de masa corporal (IMC >95 percentil; 55,1% varones y 44,9% mujeres. Se empleó el modelo de evaluación homeostática para determinar la resistencia a insulina (HOMA-IR y la función de la célula beta (HOMA-%B en ambos grupos. También se realizó determinaciones de lípidos mediante método enzimático y se aplicó una encuesta para buscar antecedentes familiares de obesidad, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV. El análisis estadístico se hizo mediante pruebas de correlación de Spearman y de comparación de medias con la prueba U de Mann- Whitney. Principales medidas de resultados: Insulina basal, colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol-VLDL, HOMA IR y HOMA%B en adolescentes obesos y no obesos. Resultados: Se encontró que la insulina basal, el colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol-VLDL, HOMA IR y HOMA%B fueron significativamente mayores (p<0,05 en el grupo de obesos. El HOMA-IR presentó una correlación inversa, débil, con el desarrollo puberal, particularmente en el sexo femenino (r=-0,486, p<0,05. Predominaron los antecedentes familiares de obesidad y ECV en el grupo de obesos

  19. Immunomodulation and hormonal disruption without compromised disease resistance in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposed Japanese quail

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smits, Judit E.G.; Nain, Sukhbir

    2013-01-01

    This study evaluated the impact of oral perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Japanese quail at concentrations found in American and Belgian workers at PFOA manufacturing facilities. Three arms of the immune system were tested; T cell, B cell, and innate immunity. After 6 weeks exposure, quail were challenged with E. coli infection to test the ultimate measure of immunotoxicity, disease resistance. The T cell response was lower in the high exposure groups. Antibody mediated, and innate immune responses were not different. Growth rate was higher, whereas thyroid hormone levels were lower in PFOA-exposed birds. Morbidity/mortality from disease challenge was not different among the control and PFOA-exposed groups, and no overt PFOA toxicity was observed pre-disease challenge. Although PFOA at ‘worst case scenario’ levels caused T cell immunosuppression, this did not translate into increased disease susceptibility, demonstrating that immunotoxicity testing must be interpreted with caution since disease resistance is the ultimate concern. -- Highlights: •Birds orally exposed to high levels of PFOA for 8 wks showed no signs of toxicity. •PFOA exposure caused immunotoxicity by suppressing the T cell mediated response. •PFOA exposure did not affect antibody mediated, or innate immunity. •PFOA exposure did not cause increased morbidity/mortality after E. coli infection. •PFOA exposed birds showed endocrinological changes that may warrant further study. -- Oral exposure of quail to the pollutant, PFOA, resulted in hormonal and immunological changes, but did not compromise disease resistance after challenge by a common avian pathogen

  20. Caracterización molecular y resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Clostridium perfringens de diferentes orígenes en Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Mar Gamboa-Coronado

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Clostridium perfringens es un bacilo Gram positivo, esporulado, anaerobio, ampliamente distribuido en la naturaleza, que produce cuatro toxinas principales α, β, ε y ι, las cuales permiten su clasificación en cinco toxinotipos (A-E. Algunas cepas producen una enterotoxina (CPE, codificada por el gen cpe, que causa diarrea en seres humanos y en algunos animales. La presencia de los genes de estas toxinas y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos se determinó en 81 cepas de C. perfringens previamente aisladas y que habían sido mantenidas a -80°C; 20 de suelos, 20 de origen animal, 20 de origen humano y 21 de alimentos cocidos no relacionados con brotes alimentarios. De acuerdo con los resultados de PCR, todas las cepas fueron clasificadas como C. perfringens tipo A, debido a que solo se les detectó el gen de la toxina α, mientras que el gen de la enterotoxina (cpe se detectó en dos cepas (2.5% aisladas de alimentos, tal como ha sido descrito en otras regiones del mundo. El 44% de las cepas fue resistente a algún antibiótico; clindamicina (41%, cloranfenicol (25%, penicilina (22% y metronidazol (20%. En general, las cepas provenientes de suelos presentaron los mayores porcentajes de resistencia a casi todos los antibióticos. El 40% de las cepas de suelo presentó multiresistencia (a tres o más grupos de antibióticos, el 30% de las de origen humano, el 14% de las de alimentos y el 5% de las de origen animal. Las altas tasas de resistencia encontradas podrían deberse al amplio uso de antibióticos como promotores de crecimiento de plantas y animales y esas cepas resistentes podrían actuar como reservorio de genes de resistencia que pueden transferirse entre bacterias de diversos ambientes.

  1. Capas finas de ZrO2 para mejorar la resistencia química de los vidriados mates de calcio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blasco, E.

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The chemical resistance of ceramic glazes susceptible to it, and more specifically the glazes formulated with a calcium matt frit, is enhanced by depositing on the surface a thin layer of zirconium oxide. A stabilized zirconia sol is the precursor of the layer, which is deposited by spray painting over the glaze, and with a mild heat treatment (Tmax ≈ 400 ° C is transformed into ZrO2 and anchored to the glaze’s surface. Chemical resistance tests show that the protected glaze does not suffer a visually significant attack by concentrated hydrochloric acid, conditions under which the same glaze without the coating is severely damaged. The used precursor generates a zirconium oxide layer that protects the underlying glaze, so that the chemical attack by the hydrochloric acid is confined to cracks and discontinuities in the deposited layer.La resistencia al ataque químico de vidriados cerámicos susceptibles al mismo, concretamente formulados a partir de una frita mate de calcio, se ha mejorado depositando en la superficie una capa delgada de óxido de circonio. Un sol de circonio estabilizado es el precursor de la capa, el cual se deposita mediante aerografía sobre el vidriado cocido y con un tratamiento térmico suave (Tmax ≈ 400 ºC, es transformado en ZrO2 y anclado a la superficie. Los ensayos de resistencia química demuestran que el vidriado protegido no sufre un ataque apreciable visualmente por parte del ácido clorhídrico concentrado, condiciones en las que el mismo vidriado sin el recubrimiento resulta gravemente dañado. El precursor utilizado genera una capa de óxido de circonio que protege el vidriado subyacente, de modo que el ataque químico por parte del ácido clorhídrico queda confinado al entorno de las grietas y discontinuidades de la capa depositada.

  2. Protective effects of Arctium lappa L. root extracts (AREs) on high fat diet induced quail atherosclerosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Zhi; Li, Ping; Wang, Chenjing; Jiang, Qixiao; Zhang, Lei; Cao, Yu; Zhong, Weizhen; Wang, Chunbo

    2016-01-08

    This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Arctium lappa L. root extracts (AREs) from different extraction methods (aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and flavone) on atherosclerosis. Quails (Coturnix coturnix) were subjected to high fat diet, with or without one of the four different AREs or positive control simvastatin. Blood samples were collected before treatment, after 4.5 weeks or ten weeks to assess lipid profile (Levels of total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)). After ten weeks, the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) as well as antioxidant and pro-oxidative status (Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were measured. Furthermore, aortas were collected after ten weeks treatment, aorta lipid contents (TC, TG and LDL) were assessed, and histology was used to confirm atherosclerotic changes. The results indicated that high fat diet significantly deteriorated lipid profile and antioxidant status in quail serum, while all the extracts significantly reverted the changes similar to simvastatin. Aorta lipid profile assessment revealed similar results. Histology on aortas from quails treated for ten weeks confirmed atherosclerotic changes in high fat diet group, while the extracts significantly alleviated the atherosclerotic changes similar to simvastatin. Among the different extracts, flavones fraction exerted best protective effects. Our data suggest that the protective effects of AREs were medicated via hypolipidemic and anti-oxidant effects. Underlying molecular mechanisms are under investigation.

  3. INCIDENCIA DE LA VELOCIDAD DE APLICACIÓN DE CARGA EN LA RESISTENCIA AL CORTE NO DRENADO DE SUELOS RESIDUALES DE ANFIBOLITA EN EL VALLE DE SAN NICOLÁS, ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Alonso Builes Brand

    Full Text Available Los suelos residuales por su proceso de formación tienen unas características especiales que no están caracterizados dentro de la mecánica de suelos tradicional dedicada a los suelos sedimentarios. El proceso de meteorización según los ciclos de exposición a los que sean expuestos presentan variaciones en su composición y comportamiento mecánico. Suelos residuales de anfibolita localizados en el Valle de San Nicolás, cerca de la ciudad de Medellín han sido recuperados y ensayados. La variación de la velocidad del ensayo de corte versus la resistencia al corte no drenada ha sido evaluada mediante la realización de ensayos de corte UU sobre muestras inalteradas recuperadas mediante la utilización de Tubos Shelby de pared delgada, se presentan las gráficas de variación del esfuerzo cortante, la cohesión y ángulo de fricción versus la velocidad y su incidencia en el diseño.

  4. Resistencia a antibióticos y epidemiología molecular de Shigella spp. en el nordeste argentino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis A. Merino

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la resistencia a antibióticos de cepas de Shigella spp. aisladas de muestras de heces en el nordeste argentino y caracterizarlas desde el punto de vista de su epidemiología molecular. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 132 aislamientos de Shigella spp. obtenidos de las heces de igual número de pacientes con diarrea que asistieron a diferentes laboratorios privados y estatales de las provincias del Chaco y Corrientes, Argentina, durante el período de 1998 a 2002. Cada cepa se caracterizó según su serotipo, su resistencia a 13 antibióticos individuales o combinados y su sensibilidad a las piocinas. A 52 cepas seleccionadas en función de sus perfiles de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se les determinaron la dotación plasmídica mediante lisis alcalina y las secuencias repetitivas palindrómicas extragénicas mediante la amplificación de segmentos repetitivos de ADN con la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (REP-RCP. Se aplicó la prueba de ji al cuadrado para comparar proporciones. El nivel de significación estadística fue de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Shigella flexneri fue la especie más frecuente (78%, seguida de S. sonnei (22%. En general, la resistencia de S. flexneri a los antibióticos estudiados fue mayor que la de S. sonnei y esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P <0,001 frente a ampicilina, tetraciclina, cloramfenicol y la combinación de ampicilina con sulbactama. Las cepas de S. flexneri también mostraron mayor multirresistencia que las de S. sonnei (84,5% frente a 31,0%; P <0,001. Las cepas aisladas de S. flexneri pudieron agruparse según 5 piocinotipos, 3 perfiles plasmídicos y 5 patrones de secuencias repetitivas palindrómicas. Por su parte, las cepas de S. sonnei conformaron 3 piocinotipos, 2 perfiles plasmídicos y 3 patrones de secuencias repetitivas palindrómicas. CONCLUSIONES: Las especies de Shigella estudiadas mostraron una elevada resistencia a los antibióticos de uso más frecuente, por lo

  5. Evaluación de la resistencia a la corrosión erosión de recubrimientos de níquel modificados con nanopartículas de diamante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Amira Torres Medina

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La incorporación de nanopartículas de carburos, nitruros, óxidos o diamante en una matriz metálica, generalmente muestran mejoras en la dureza, en la resistencia al desgaste y a la corrosión, comparado con un recubrimiento del metal puro. Estos recubrimientos compuestos se pueden obtener mediante la técnica de electrodeposición, logrando economía y calidad en los depósitos. Los recubrimientos de níquel modificados con nanopartículas de diamante (Ni-D, fueron aplicados sobre un acero AISI SAE 1016 mediante la técnica de electrodeposición desde una solución típica Watts sin aditivos, que contiene nanopartículas de diamante. El efecto que ejercen algunas variables que intervienen en el proceso de electrodeposición como: densidad de corriente, velocidad de agitación y concentración de partículas en el baño, en la dureza y en la resistencia a la corrosión-erosión, se estudiaron mediante un diseño factorial completamente aleatorizado 2k. La resistencia a la corrosión- erosión se evaluó mediante el monitoreo del potencial de corrosión de las probetas con recubrimiento sometidas a un fluido corrosivo y abrasivo en movimiento. Los recubrimientos compuestos de Ni-D obtenidos presentan mejor resistencia a la corrosión-erosión que los recubrimientos de níquel puro. Los recubrimientos más resistentes a la corrosión-erosión fueron los obtenidos a 5 A/dm², 900 rpm y 10 g/L de diamante.

  6. Metodología del entrenamiento de la resistencia específica en el tenis de competición. Revisión y propuesta

    OpenAIRE

    Baiget i Vidal, Ernest

    2011-01-01

    El principal objetivo del entrenamiento de la resistencia en el jugador de tenis de competición es mejorar la habilidad para realizar ejercicios de alta intensidad de manera repetida, recuperarse rápidamente de los esfuerzos y mantener dicha intensidad durante el juego, evitando o retardando de esta manera la aparición de la fatiga. Para el desarrollo de los sistemas energéticos específicos, el jugador debe dirigir los entrenamientos al desarrollo de las vías energéticas y patrones de movimie...

  7. Influencia de la humedad en el ensayo de resistencia de los ladrillos de suelo-cemento

    OpenAIRE

    Lima, José I.; Escobar Martín, Dunia

    1994-01-01

    A través de un diseño experimental adecuado se pretende mostrar la influencia de la humedad en el ensayo a compresión de los ladrillos de suelo-cemento, obteniendo las ecuaciones que muestran esta relación. Su generalización posterior permitió elaborar una matriz de correlación de las resistencias con las diferentes humedades de ensayo, de forma tal que se pueda ensayar con una humedad dada y estimar la resistencia que tendrá esa muestra para diferentes valores de humedad, con un buen nive...

  8. Soapwort extract supplementation alters antioxidant status of serum, liver and heart tissues in growing Japanese quails reared under chronic intermittent cold stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bestami Dalkilic

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Antioxidant effect of dietary soapwort extract supplementation was studied in growing Japanese quails suffering from chronic intermittent cold stress. For this purpose, a total of ninety 15-d-old quails were divided into three groups with three replicates. Chronic intermittent cold stress was applied every night between 22.00 to 06.00 h; starting at 14 °C for the first week, and gradually weekly lowered to 8 °C. Three groups were fed with corn-soy based standard diets supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 ppm soapwort extract for four weeks. At the end of the study, three males and three females were slaughtered to determine total antioxidant and oxidant status of serum, malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase of liver and heart tissues. Although the dietary soapwort extract had no effect on serum total antioxidant capacity, it significantly lowered the total oxidant status of serum in cold stressed quails. Glutathione and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity of liver and heart tissues were similar among groups. While the dietary soapwort extract had no effect on glutathione peroxidase activity of the heart tissue, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver tissue. In relation to the control group, malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver and heart tissues were significantly lower in soapwort extract groups. These data suggest that dietary soapwort extract could alleviate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in growing Japanese quails exposed to cold stress.

  9. Appraisal and standardization of curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values for CASA analysis of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) sperm.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farooq, U; Malecki, I A; Mahmood, M; Martin, G B

    2017-06-01

    One of the basic steps in objective analysis of sperm motility is the subdivision of a motile sperm population into slow, medium and rapid categories based on their velocity. However, for CASA analysis of quail sperm, the velocity values for categorization of slow, medium and rapid sperm have not yet been standardized. To identify the cut-off values of "velocity curvilinear" (VCL) for quail sperm categorization, we captured and analysed 22,300 tracks of quail sperm using SCA ® -CASA. The median and mean VCL values were 85 and 97 μm/s. To define the VCL cut-off values, we used two methods. In the first, we identified the upper (rapid sperm) and lower (slow sperm) cut-off values using: (i) median VCL ± 25% or ± 50% or ± 75% of median VCL value; (ii) first and third quartile values of VCL data (i.e. 25% cut-off setting); and (iii) 33% and 66% of VCL data. Among these settings, sperm categories and their corresponding motility characteristics recorded using the "25%" setting (i.e. slow ≤36 ≤ medium ≤154 ≤ rapid) were found the most realistic and coherent with male ranking by fertility. In the second method, we calculated heteroscedasticity in the total VCL data using PCA and the two-step clustering method. With this approach, the mean of the high and low clusters was 165 and 51 μm/s, respectively. Together, the mean from two methods suggested that, for SCA ® -CASA categorization of quail sperm, sperm should be classed as "rapid" at VCL ≥160 μm/s and "slow" at VCL ≤45 μm/s. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  10. Effect of Different Levels of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. Leaf Powder on the Performance and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abbasi F

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A total of 240 Japanese quail chicks (1 d old were used in a 42-d trial to study the effects of Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin E on growth performance and meat quality. This experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 quails in each, using a 4×2 factorial arrangement with diet and gender as the main effects. Four dietary treatments were formulated by addition of 2 levels (1.5 and 3 percent of Artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E to the basal diet. Results showed that supplementing the basal diet with Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin E significantly affected growth performance at 21 d of age (P. Dietary treatments significantly affected 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS and water holding capacity (WHC values of breast meat (P. The value of TBARS in breast meat was not affected by dietary levels of Artichoke leaf powder, whereas the value decreased significantly by vitamin E treatment (P. Quails receiving 1.5 percent Artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E had significantly lower breast meat WHC than those  receiving the basal diet (P. Breast meat crude fat and WHC were affected by gender (P. Dietary 3 percent Artichoke leaf powder increased the b* values of thigh meat compared with the control. The lightness of thigh and breast meat and also redness of thigh meat were affected by gender (P. In general, the results indicated that supplementation of diet by Artichoke leaf powder did not improve growth performance of quails, but may have a potential to improve the oxidative stability and meat quality.

  11. The role of heat shock protein 70 in oxidant stress and inflammatory injury in quail spleen induced by cold stress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Jiayi; Liu, Chunpeng; Zhao, Dan; Fu, Jing

    2018-05-15

    The aim of this study was to investigate the role of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in the spleen of quails which were induced by cold stress. One hundred ninety-two 15-day-old male quails were randomly divided into 12 groups and kept at 12 ± 1 °C to examine acute and chronic cold stress. We first detected the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes in the spleen tissue under acute and chronic cold stress. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) fluctuated in acute cold stress groups, while they were significantly decreased (p stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) content were decreased significantly (p stress groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased (p stress except the 0.5 h group of acute cold stress. Besides, histopathological analysis showed that quail's spleen tissue was inflammatory injured seriously in both the acute and chronic cold stress groups. Additionally, the inflammatory factors (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), iNOS, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α)) and Hsp70 mRNA levels were increased in both of the acute and chronic cold stress groups compared with the control groups. These results suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory injury could be induced by cold stress in spleen tissues of quails. Furthermore, the increased expression of Hsp70 may play a role in protecting the spleen against oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by cold stress.

  12. Publicaciones culturales de resistencia durante la dictadura: estudio de tres casos de representación visual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulina Francisca González Valenzuela

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo aborda la resistencia cultural desarrollada durante el período dictatorial en Chile (1973-1989, desde la mirada de tres publicaciones que formaron parte de las redes de expresión artística erigidas al margen del discurso oficial: Palabra Escrita, La Bicicleta y La Castaña. Mediante la revisión de la experiencia productiva de estos medios, se propone ejemplificar las variantes de una disyuntiva estética que definió formas antagónicas de representar la escena cultural post golpe; las cuales encuentran su origen tanto en la influencia de los relatos sociales colindantes a sus espacios de circulación, como en el acceso a determinados medios de producción y manejo técnico.

  13. Genetic analysis of partial egg production records in Japanese quail using random regression models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abou Khadiga, G; Mahmoud, B Y F; Farahat, G S; Emam, A M; El-Full, E A

    2017-08-01

    The main objectives of this study were to detect the most appropriate random regression model (RRM) to fit the data of monthly egg production in 2 lines (selected and control) of Japanese quail and to test the consistency of different criteria of model choice. Data from 1,200 female Japanese quails for the first 5 months of egg production from 4 consecutive generations of an egg line selected for egg production in the first month (EP1) was analyzed. Eight RRMs with different orders of Legendre polynomials were compared to determine the proper model for analysis. All criteria of model choice suggested that the adequate model included the second-order Legendre polynomials for fixed effects, and the third-order for additive genetic effects and permanent environmental effects. Predictive ability of the best model was the highest among all models (ρ = 0.987). According to the best model fitted to the data, estimates of heritability were relatively low to moderate (0.10 to 0.17) showed a descending pattern from the first to the fifth month of production. A similar pattern was observed for permanent environmental effects with greater estimates in the first (0.36) and second (0.23) months of production than heritability estimates. Genetic correlations between separate production periods were higher (0.18 to 0.93) than their phenotypic counterparts (0.15 to 0.87). The superiority of the selected line over the control was observed through significant (P egg production in earlier ages (first and second months) than later ones. A methodology based on random regression animal models can be recommended for genetic evaluation of egg production in Japanese quail. © 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.

  14. Adiposidad, resistencia a la insulina y dislipidemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica María Serrano Cruz

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Tomando como punto de partida la discusión de un artículo publicado por la propia revista Finlay en su número anterior, esta carta se refiere específicamente a la relación entre la adiposidad visceral, la resistencia a la insulina y la dislipidemia.Adiposity, Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia Considering as a start point the discussion of an article published by this same journal (Finlay in its previous issue, this letter deals specifically with the relationship between visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

  15. Resistencia a la insulina y altura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Castillo Sayán

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se describe las características iniciales que permitieron conocer la resistencia a la insulina. Así mismo, se muestra los estudios realizados en sujetos nativos de altura, o sea sometidos a hipoxia crónica, quienes presentan menor glicemia basal y posprandial, sin diferencias en la insulinemia en comparación con nativos de nivel del mar. Esta misma diferencia se aprecia en la menor incidencia de diabetes mellitus en la altura. Finalmente se presenta estudios realizados en sujetos nativos de nivel del mar sometidos a hipoxia aguda natural y en hipoxia intermitente en cámara hipobárica.

  16. Incidencia y fármaco-resistencia de cepas de Staphylococcus spp aisladas de exudados conjuntivales Incidence and drug-resistance of Staphylococcus spp strains isolated from conjunctival swabs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Noya Cabaña

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la incidencia de cepas del género Staphylococcus aisladas de exudados conjuntivales y analizar su resistencia frente a diferentes antimicrobianos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se revisaron 3554 exudados conjuntivales a pacientes que acudieron en el período comprendido entre enero de 2002 a diciembre de 2003 y desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2007 al Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología «Ramón Pando Ferrer» por presentar un diagnóstico de infección ocular externa. RESULTADOS: Se aislaron 874 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus para un 47,5 % y 965 cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa negativa con prueba de patogenicidad positiva para un 52,4 %. En 69 de esos exudados los cultivos presentaron etiología mixta con dos bacterias diferentes, para el 3,7 %. Se determinaron los porcentajes de resistencia a las cepas aisladas pertenecientes al género Staphylococcus. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró una alta incidencia de las especies del género Staphylococcus en las infecciones oculares, así como se pudo apreciar que la menor fármaco-resistencia para Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa negativa correspondieron a los antimicrobianos ciprofloxacina y amikacina. La mayor fármaco-resistencia de las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus correspondió a eritromicina y tetraciclina y en Staphylococcus spp coagulasa negativa fue frente a la tetraciclina.OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of Staphylococcus strains isolated from conjunctival swaps and their resistance to several antimicrobial agents. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and observational study was performed to review 3554 conjunctival swabs from patients who went to "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Institute of Ophthalmology in the period from January 2002 to December 2009 due to a diagnosis of external ocular infection. RESULTS: From the total of conjunctival swabs, 874 Staphylococcus aureus strains (47.5 % and

  17. Zonas y métodos de entrenamiento de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria

    OpenAIRE

    García Pallarés, Jesús

    2015-01-01

    Propuesta metodológica para el desarrollo de los ritmos y zonas de entrenamiento de la resistencia en función de la posición de los hitos fisiológicos de la vía aeróbica y sus factores limitantes.

  18. Prevalencia de la resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a quinolonas y fármacos inyectables en Colombia, 2012-2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Llerena

    2017-01-01

    Conclusión. El estudio evidenció la presencia de resistencia a fármacos de segunda línea en personas con tuberculosis farmacorresistente sin tratamiento previo o tratadas previamente con quinolonas o fármacos inyectables, estos últimos con mayor porcentaje de resistencia. En consecuencia, es esencial practicar rutinariamente las pruebas de sensibilidad y el análisis de esta información.

  19. Effect of using different levels of Nigella sativa meal on the growth performance and meat quality of Japanese quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tayebeh Mousapour

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Nigella sativa meal (NSM on the growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, egg yolk cholesterol and meat quality in Japanese quail. For this purpose 300 one-day old Japanese quail chicks in a completely randomized design was used with five treatments in four replicates containing 15 birds each(. The experimental diets were control group (without NSM and diets containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% of NSM. Feed intake of birds fed diets with 5 and 15% of NSM were statistically higher than control group. Weight gain in birds fed with 15% of NSM was significantly higher than control group. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed diets with 20% of NSM was statistically higher than control. No significant treatment effect was observed on egg yolk cholesterol, blood parameters (including triglyceride, HDL and total cholesterol concentrations and meat quality parameters (TBA, WHC, Dripping loss, Cooking loss. And also the use of different levels of NSM had no any significant effect on internal organs weight, except gizzard. NSM significantly decreased feed costs compared to control group. So, by using NSM up to 15% in Japanese quails diets, can improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio and decrease feed and meat production costs.

  20. Immunocytochemical distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the central nervous system of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cameron-Curry, P; Aste, N; Viglietti-Panzica, C; Panzica, G C

    1991-01-01

    In the present study we detailed the distribution of GFAP-immunopositive structures within the central nervous system of the Japanese quail. Different fixation and embedding procedures were applied. The best results were obtained on frozen cryostatic sections from freshly dissected brains subsequently fixed by a short immersion in cold acetone. Immunopositive structures were observed both with immunofluorescence, and with immunoperoxidase methods. Immunoreactive cell bodies and processes were observed within the whole central nervous system, and different cell types can be identified on the basis of their topographical location and morphology. A first class of astrocytes is composed of intensely stained unipolar cells lining the inner surface of the pia mater and the large blood vessels. A second type is represented by multipolar astrocytes of variable size, provided with an irregular cell body. The last type is represented by similar elements, showing an immunonegative cell body, that can be identified only by the presence of converging processes. These three types of cells, and several isolated processes, show a differential distribution within the quail central nervous system, both in the grey and in the white matter. Present results suggest that GFAP may represent a good marker for at least part of the astroglial population in quail.

  1. The Effect of Different Foam Concentrations on Sperm Motility in Japanese Quail

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Avishek Biswas

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available A study was conducted to determine the effect of foam extract on sperm motility in the male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica. Adult male quails (<12 weeks of heavy body weight strain were housed in individual cages and divided into 5 groups according to the size of their cloacal glands. The data indicated that the size of the cloacal gland was positively correlated with the frequency of foam secretion and total foam production. One gram of freshly collected clean foam was mixed with 1.0 mL of normal saline and homogenized for 10 minutes. After centrifugation at 35 000 rpm, the supernatant was used as 100% foam extract. The extract was diluted to 1:40, 1:20, 1:10, and 1:4 with normal saline to produce 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 25% foam extracts, respectively. 5% foam extract enhanced sperm survival at room temperature (30°–35°C for 2 to 3 hrs, whereas higher concentrations (10% and above suppressed sperm motility. From this study, it may be concluded that foam secretion and quantity of foam are directly proportional to the size of the cloacal gland and that the foam enhances and prolongs sperm motility, in vitro at an optimum concentration of 5%.

  2. Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kerr, Richard; Holladay, Steven; Jarrett, Timothy; Selcer, Barbara; Meldrum, Blair; Williams, Susan; Tannenbaum, Lawrence; Holladay, Jeremy; Williams, Jamie; Gogal, Robert

    2010-12-01

    Birds are exposed to Pb by oral ingestion of spent Pb shot as grit. A paucity of data exists for retention and clearance of these particles in the bird gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were orally gavaged with 1, 5, or 10 Pb shot pellets, of 2-mm diameter, and radiographically followed over time. Blood Pb levels and other measures of toxicity were collected, to correlate with pellet retention. Quail dosed with either 5 or 10 pellets exhibited morbidity between weeks 1 and 2 and were removed from further study. Most of the Pb pellets were absorbed or excreted within 14 d of gavage, independent of dose. Pellet size in the ventriculus decreased over time in radiographs, suggesting dissolution caused by the acidic pH. Birds dosed with one pellet showed mean blood Pb levels that exceeded 1,300 µg/dl at week 1, further supporting dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. Limited signs of toxicity were seen in the one-pellet birds; however, plasma δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d-ALAD) activity was persistently depressed, suggesting possible impaired hematological function. © 2010 SETAC.

  3. Caracterización de la resistencia a la antracnosis causada por Glomerella cingulata y productividad de cinco genotipos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel López-Vásquez

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available En la vereda Betania, municipio de Guática, Risaralda (Colombia a 2160 m.s.n.m., se evaluaron cinco materiales promisorios de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth. por su resistencia a la antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y por su alta productividad, los cuales fueron previamente seleccionados por el grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Diez meses después del establecimiento las plantas fueron inoculadas con diferentes cepas del hongo a una concentración de 1.2 x 10(6 conidios/ml de agua. Las variables evaluadas fueron incidencia (presencia o ausencia de lesiones en tallo, severidad (según escala de 1 a 9 y rendimiento (kg/planta. Los genotipos se clasificaron en tres grupos según su resistencia al patógeno y por su rendimiento: el primero, lo conformaron UTP-8 y UTP-7, los cuales produjeron 21 y 17.6 t/ha, respectivamente; el segundo grupo estuvo formado por el genotipo UTP-1 el cual produjo 14.3 t/ha, y el tercero por UTP-2 y UTP-4 con 9.8 y 7.9 t/ha, respectivamente.

  4. The role of vitamin E or clay in growing Japanese quail fed diets polluted by cadmium at various levels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abou-Kassem, D E; Mahrose, Kh M; Alagawany, M

    2016-03-01

    This study was conducted to verify whether vitamin (Vit) E or natural clay as feed additives has the potential to modulate the deleterious effects resulting from exposure to cadmium (Cd) in growing Japanese quail. 648 Japanese quail chicks (1 week old) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary Cd (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg diet) and two levels of Vit E (0, 250 mg/kg diet) or two levels of natural clay (0 and 100 mg/kg diet) to study the influences of Cd, Vit E, clay or their different combinations on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood biochemical components and Cd residues in muscles and liver. Live BW and weight gain of quails were linearly decreased with increasing dietary Cd levels. Moreover, feed conversion was significantly worsened with increasing Cd level. Mortality percentage was linearly increased as dietary Cd level increased up to 120 mg/kg diet. Carcass percentage was linearly decreased as dietary Cd level increased. While, giblets percentage were linearly and quadratically differed as dietary Cd level increased. Cd caused significant changes in total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea-N and uric acid concentrations as well as ALT, AST and ALP activities. Increasing dietary Cd level was associated with its increase in the muscles and liver. Dietary supplementation with 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet or 100 mg clay/kg improved live BW, BW gain and feed conversion when compared with the un-supplemented diet. Quails fed diet contained 250 mg Vit E/kg and those fed 100 mg clay/kg had the highest percentages of carcass and dressing than those fed the un-supplemented diet. Blood plasma biochemical components studied were better when birds received 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet and those received 100 mg clay/kg. Cd residues in the muscles and liver were significantly less in the birds had 250 mg of Vit E/kg or those received 100 mg clay/kg diet than those un-supplemented with Vit E. Growth performance traits and blood plasma

  5. Patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de Acinetobacter baumannii en un hospital de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Chávez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar patrones de resistencia en los aislamientos de A. baumannii obtenidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Cali, Colombia. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal. Institución: Clínica Universitaria Rafael Uribe Uribe, Cali, Colombia. Materiales: Los aislamientos se obtuvieron de cultivos de muestras de sangre, heridas quirúrgicas, secreción nasal, orina, secreción uretral y puntas de catéter. Intervenciones: Se recolectaron 52 aislamientos durante los años 2009 y 2010. Mediante el análisis del antibiograma se identificaron patrones de resistencia (antibiotipos, se realizó antibiograma cuantitativo y se construyó un cladograma basado en el agrupamiento por el método de promedios aritméticos de grupos apareados no ponderados (conocido en inglés como UPGMA. Principales medidas de resultados: Medida de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI y el coeficiente de similitud generado por las distancias de los diámetros de los halos de inhibición entre dos aislamientos (antibiograma cuantitativo. Resultados: Se identificaron 5 antibiotipos; el 50% de los aislamientos se agruparon en el antibiotipo 1, con resistencia a todos los antibióticos y sensibilidad a tigeciclina y sulperazona; el antibiotipo 4 agrupó los aislamientos con resistencia a todos los antibióticos (19,3%. En el antibiograma cuantitativo se identificaron dos clados con 5 y 47 aislamientos, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii tuvieron pocas diferencias fenotípicas y es probable que presenten alguna de las β-lactamasas tipo OXA.

  6. Influencia de la humedad en el ensayo de resistencia de los ladrillos de suelo-cemento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lima, José I.

    1994-02-01

    Full Text Available The article seeks to show the influence of humidity on the compression test of the soil-cement bricks through an adapted experimental design. The equations showing this relation are obtained. The subsequent generalization provides the possibility of making a pattern of correlation of strengths with different test humidities. Thus, the tests could be performed with a given humidity and the strength of the particular specimen for different humidity values could be estimated with a high degree of certainty. This makes possible the comparison of strength between tested elements in different humidity conditions, verification of fulfillment of recommended strength values and their expressing in terms of a basic humidity value, which is what the currently valid Technical Instructions lack.

    A través de un diseño experimental adecuado se pretende mostrar la influencia de la humedad en el ensayo a compresión de los ladrillos de suelo-cemento, obteniendo las ecuaciones que muestran esta relación. Su generalización posterior permitió elaborar una matriz de correlación de las resistencias con las diferentes humedades de ensayo, de forma tal que se pueda ensayar con una humedad dada y estimar la resistencia que tendrá esa muestra para diferentes valores de humedad, con un buen nivel de confianza. Esto posibilita que se puedan realizar comparaciones de resistencia entre elementos ensayados en condiciones desiguales de humedad, verificar el cumplimiento de los valores recomendados de resistencia y referirlos a un valor de humedad base, defecto actual de las Instrucciones Técnicas vigentes.

  7. Effect of dietary fat type on the fatty acids composition of irradiated and frozen storage japanese quails meat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abd EI-Wahab, S. A.

    2009-01-01

    The effect of substitution of dietary cotton seed oil (CSO) by used restaurant oil (URO) with different percentages 25% group 2 (G2), 50% group 3 (G3) and 100% group 4 (G4) in Japanese quail diets on the fatty acids composition of their meat especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The effect of gamma irradiation doses (1.5, 3 and 5 kGy) at frozen storage -18 C (degree) for 2 and 4 months in comparison with unirradiated and un storage were studied. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in quail meat fed G4 diet (100% URO) increased significantly in comparison with SFA in G2 (25% URO) and G3 (50% URO) but there is no significant effect with G2 and G3 in comparison with G1 (100% CSO).The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not affected by G2 and G3 diet. Also, linoleic acid (C 18:2, n-6) had the same trend in those groups with range (32.75% to 33.35%). It is concluded that feeding a diet with URO 25% and 50% conserve the content of linoleic acid and the content of PUFA in quail meat. The irradiation doses and storage periods had no significant effect on the linoleic acid, MUFA and PUFA content.

  8. Is gastrointestinal plasticity in king quail (Coturnix chinensis) elicited by diet-fibre or diet-energy dilution?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williamson, Sean A; Jones, Stephanie K Courtney; Munn, Adam J

    2014-06-01

    Phenotypic plasticity of organ size allows some animals to manage fluctuations of resource quality or availability. Here, we examined the phenotypic plasticity of the gastrointestinal tract of king quail (Coturnix chinensis) in a diet-fibre manipulation study. Quail were offered either a control low-fibre (high-quality) food (8.5% neutral-detergent fibre; NDF), or one of two experimental diets of higher fibre contents of 16% NDF (i.e. low-quality food). To examine whether phenotypic plasticity of organ size was associated with the fibre content per se, or as a consequence of diluting the diet energy contents by adding fibre, one of the high-fibre feeds was 'balanced' with additional energy to match that of the low-fibre control diet. Total empty dry mass of the gastrointestinal tract was significantly heavier among birds offered the unbalanced high-fibre diet as compared with those offered the control diet, with birds offered the fibrous but energy-balanced diet having guts of intermediate size. The heavier entire-gut mass (dry) of quail offered the unbalanced high-fibre diet was associated mainly with these birds having significantly heavier gizzards. Notably, the larger gizzard in the birds offered the unbalanced high-fibre diet was associated with marked increases in their metabolisability (digestion) of diet fibre. Our findings suggest that the available energy in the diet may be more important for eliciting phenotypic changes in the gut of these herbivorous birds rather than simple physical effects of diet fibre on feed intakes or on muscular compensation to fibrous ingesta. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  9. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 Brazilian cities Prevalencia y resistencia a los antimicrobianos de Salmonella en pollos congelados de venta al por menor en 15 ciudades del Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Augusto Nunes Medeiros

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in frozen chicken carcasses at retail from 15 Brazilian cities. METHODS: A descriptive study of data from the Brazilian National Program for Monitoring the Prevalence of Bacterial Resistance in Chicken (PREBAF was conducted from September 2004 to July 2006. The program collected chicken carcasses in 15 state capitals of Brazil in the five geographic regions of the country. Standardized methodologies were used to isolate Salmonella­spp. and identify serotypes. The minimal inhibitory concentration method was used to test resistance to 18 antimicrobials. RESULTS: In 2 679 carcasses examined, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 2.7% (range 0.0%-8.9%. São Paulo State produced 50.6% of positive samples. Eighteen serotypes were identified. The most frequently occurring were Salmonella Enteritidis (48.8%, Salmonella Infantis (7.6%, Salmonella Typhimurium (7.2%, and Salmonella Heidelberg (6.4%. All 250 strains tested were resistant to one or more antibiotics, and 133 (53.2% were multidrug resistant (≥ 3 classes. S. Heidelberg was resistant to ceftriaxone (75.0% and to ceftiofur(43.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study was relatively low. However, there were a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, including third-generation cephalosporins used to treat invasive salmonellosis. The results confirm the relevanceof the PREBAF program. It is recommended that PREBAF be improved, including a timely data analysis. A review of permitted limits for Salmonella spp. in retail chicken in Brazil is also needed.OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia y la resistencia a los antibióticos de Salmonella spp. en canales de pollo congeladas de venta al por menor en 15 ciudades del Brasil. MÉTODOS: Entre septiembre del 2004 y julio del 2006 se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de los datos del Programa Nacional Brasileño de Vigilancia de la

  10. Sobre el concepto de resistencia civil en ciencia política

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Rafael Quiñones Paez

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia civil es una forma de acción política consistente en la ejecución de estrategias que no conllevan violencia contra el adversario con el que se sostiene un conflicto, sino que se orientan a seducir a la opinión pública amplia para que voluntariamente decida no seguir depositando su obediencia y cooperación respecto del poder controlado por dicho adversario. Además de haber sido puesta en práctica por movimientos sociales y de liberación nacional a lo largo de los últimos dos siglos, una de sus aplicaciones concretas es pasar a constituirse en componente central de una política de defensa. En este caso, la resistencia civil hará referencia a la negativa de los ciudadanos a obedecer o cooperar con las fuerzas de invasión, ocupación, usurpación interna, golpismo de Estado o similares.

  11. Effect of Hypodynamy on Structure and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Kidney in Japanese Quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Almášiová

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available The objective of the study was to observe the effect of experimental hypodynamy simulating weightlessness in space on the structure, ultrastructure and alkaline phosphatase activity of kidney in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica. Two days after hatching, the quails were suspended in special shirts below the cage ceiling so their feet did not touch the floor. They could consume food and water ad libitum. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of hypodynamy. Birds of the same age, hatched at the same time, and fed the same diet were used as a control. Samples of kidney were processed for light (LM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, and alkaline phosphatase (AP analysis. Short-term (14–28 days hypodynamy caused no marked damage to the structure and ultrastructure of kidneys. However, after long-term (35–59 days hypodynamy, morphological changes were observed in some cells of the proximal and distal tubules. The dying cells in proximal tubules, observed in semi-thin sections by LM, were dark and contained a nucleus of irregular shape. Observation by TEM showed that their nucleus was dark and shrivelled and the electron-dense cytoplasm contained long, dense, rod-shaped mitochondria with thin mitochondrial cristae. Microvilli were present on the apical surface of cells and formed a brush border. Sporadic dying cells were also observed in distal tubules. Large, light vacuoles were found in the cytoplasm of cells of collecting tubules, however, the structure of renal corpuscles and medullary loops remained undisturbed. Microscopical analysis by means of a direct TUNEL reaction on days 35 to 59 of hypodynamy showed a moderate occurrence of cellular apoptosis in the proximal and distal tubules of experimental Japanese quail. The activity of AP in the brush border of the proximal tubules on days 14–29 of hypodynamy was normal in experimental animals and showed no significant differences in

  12. Perfiles de resistencia a antibióticos y metales pesados en Pseudomonas aeruginosa potencialmente patógenas aisladas de agua de uso agrícola

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar G. Gutiérrez Cárdenas

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El 70% de l agua a nivel mundial se destina principalmente para las actividades agrícolas. Sin embargo, debido al crecimiento descontrolado de los asentamientos urbanos se ha acentuado la escasez y contaminación de los cuerpos de agua superficiales, de tal forma que cada vez este líquido de buena calidad es más escaso para la agricultura. Uno de los pri n cipa les contaminantes son las bacterias potencialmente patógenas resistentes a los antibiót i cos. Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria que se encuentra normalmente en el agua y suelo, es patógeno de animales y plantas. Esta bacteria se ha considerado un fenóm eno de resistencia debido a la diversidad de mecanismos que posee, por lo cual representa un rie s go potencial para la p o blación. Método : Se colectaron muestras de agua de uso agrícola, a partir de las cuales se aislaron e identificaron a nivel bioquímico y molecular P. aeruginosa . En estas bacterias se determinó la distribución de 6 genes de virulencia por PCR. Mediante ensayos de difusión en disco y m i crodilución se analizó la resistencia a 20 antibióticos. Además mediante ensayos de microd i lución se dete rminó la resistencia a metales pesados. Resultados : Se identificaron a nivel bioquímico y molecular 46 aislados de P. aeruginosa, éstas son potencialmente patógenas ya que en ellas se detectó la presencia de los genes de virule n cia algD y toxA (100%, las B (97.8%, plcH (95.6%, plcN (91.3% y exoS (89.1%. Dichas bacterias presentaron altos índices de resistencia a ampicilina, ceftriaxona, cloranfen i col, cefalotina, cefotaxima, nitrofurantoína, kanamicina , estreptomicina y tetraciclina. De igual forma fue ron muy susceptibles a ceftazidima, gentamicina, imipenem, ticarcilina, a z treonam, levofloxacina, netilmicina y carbenicilina. Todas las bacterias fueron multirresiste n tes ya que toleraron entre 8 y 11 antibióticos. De acuerdo a los patrones de resistencia obse r vados, las bacterias se

  13. Evaluation of biochemical parameters and productive performance of japanese quail in response to the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Asghar Saki

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available The present study was conducted to evaluation the different levels canola meal (CM replacement by soybean meal (SBM in Japanese quails diets on productive performance, egg quality trails and blood parameters including blood protein, minerals concentration, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones. In this study, 160 of Japanese quails in second laying phase from 46 to 56 weeks of age were divided in four treatments with four replicates and 10 quail in each per replicate, on a completely randomized design (CRD.Treatments consisted:T1 control (without CM, T2, T3 and T4 replacing 30, 60 and 90% of SBM with CM respectively. The results were shown no significant variation in body weight between treatments in initial and end of the experiment (p > 0.05. There was significant decrease in feed intake by increasing level of CM (p 0.05. However, the egg shell thickness showed significantly decreased with increasing levels of canola meal in the diet  (p < 0.05. According to this study results, 30% replacement of SBM by CM in the diet (contained 10% CM has no adverse effect on quail’s performance.

  14. Gemfibrozil disrupts the metabolism of circulating lipids in bobwhite quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bussière-Côté, Sophie; Omlin, Teye; de Càssia Pinheiro, Eliana; Weber, Jean-Michel

    2016-01-01

    The circulating lipids of birds play essential roles for egg production and as an energy source for flight and thermogenesis. How lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals geared to prevent heart disease in humans and that are routinely released in the environment affect their metabolism is unknown. This study assesses the impact of the popular drug gemfibrozil (GEM) on the plasma phospholipids (PL), neutral lipids (NL), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) of bobwhite quails (Colinus virginianus). Results show that bird lipoproteins are rapidly altered by GEM, even at environmentally-relevant doses. After 4 days of exposure, pharmacological amounts cause an 83% increase in circulating PL levels, a major decrease in average lipoprotein size measured as a 56% drop in the NL/PL ratio, and important changes in the fatty acid composition of PL and NEFA (increases in fatty acid unsaturation). The levels of PL carrying all individual fatty acids except arachidonate are strongly stimulated. The large decrease in bird lipoprotein size may reflect the effects seen in humans: lowering of LDL that can cause atherosclerosis and stimulation of HDL that promote cholesterol disposal. Lower (environmental) doses of GEM cause a reduction of %palmitate in all the plasma lipid fractions of quails, but particularly in the core triacylglycerol of lipoproteins (NL). No changes in mRNA levels of bird peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) could be demonstrated. The disrupting effects of GEM on circulating lipids reported here suggest that the pervasive presence of this drug in the environment could jeopardize reproduction and migratory behaviours in wild birds. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Metodología para el entrenamiento integrado de la resistencia especial (anaeróbica en atletas juveniles de baloncesto pertenecientes a la Espa provincial “Ormani Arenado” de Pinar del Río

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Alberto Martínez Hernández

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available La deficiente preparación física especial acorde con las características del juego, es uno de los aspectos elementales que incide en la óptima preparación deportiva de los jugadores juveniles de baloncesto. Es la resistencia especial (anaeróbica, como dirección física determinante dentro de la etapa de preparación especial, una de las que ha mostrado tal situación, derivada de la programación no adecuada de las cargas especificas de entrenamiento y al empirismo de los entrenadores al seleccionar los ejercicios especiales destinados en tal sentido. Para concebir cómo darle tratamiento en el proceso de preparación de los atletas se consideró como elemento esencial “el entrenamiento integrado”, en tal dirección, realizando una adecuada dosificación de los ejercicios, para que los atletas puedan interactuar de acuerdo con la dinámica de la competencia. Esto se sustentó en el uso de métodos investigativos que permitieron potenciar los criterios expresados por varios autores sobre el entrenamiento integrado y proyectar el contenido de la carga de entrenamiento y competencia que se realizará. En el trabajo se brinda una selección de principios destinados en este caso al desarrollo de la resistencia especial (anaeróbica, así como la utilización de un test de control para medir la misma. La metodología brinda una serie de procedimientos, que fueron sometidos al criterio de especialistas, constatándose que estos van a permitir al entrenador organizar y optimizar un proceso de entrenamiento dirigido al desarrollo de la condición física en baloncesto.

  16. Herencia de la resistencia al daño mecánico causado por Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir (Homoptera-Delphacidae en arroz Oryza sativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cuevas P. Federico

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available

    In Colombia all rice varieties developed are reported as resistant to Tagosodes orizicolus. Given the narrow genetic base of the resistant sources, this study was undertaken to identify the resistant parents or donors more oftenly used in Latin America. The materials were characterized as resistant (Mudgo, Amistad 82, IRAT 120, IRAT 124, Makalioka or susceptible based on the free chosen test and non chosen test and on the survival and oviposition of the insect (Chianan 8, Colombia 1, Bluebonnet 50, IR 8 (lCA, IR 8 (IRRI, Tetep and Cica 8. The damage was associated with insect survival, oviposition and eggs eclotion. To determine heritability two parents (Makalioka and Mudgo, were crossed with IR 8 F1 and F3 populations were also evaluated based on the free chosen test.

     

     

    En Colombia las variedades de arroz desarrolladas se consideran como resistentes a Tagosodes orizicolus. Dada la estrechez genética de las fuentes de resistencia, se inició este estudio para identificar los progenitores donantes de resistencia usados con mayor frecuencia en América Latina. Los materiales se caracterizaron como resistentes (Mudgo, Amistad 82, IRAT, 120, IRAT 124 Y Makalioka o susceptibles (Chianan 8, Colombia 1, Bluebonnet 50, IR 8 (lCA, IR (IRRI, Tetep y Cica 8, con base en las pruebas de libre escogencia, no escogencia, sobre vivencia y oviposición. El daño estuvo asociado con la supervivencia, oviposición y eclosión de huevos del insecto. Para la determinación de la herencia se cruzaron los progenitores Makalioka y Mudgo con IR8. En la Progenie F1 del cruzamiento resistente x resistente el 111% de las plantas fueron susceptibles; Mudgo y Makalioka segregaron 23 y 41% de plantas susceptibles.

  17. Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Fed Radiation Processed Aflatoxin-Contaminated Diet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Niely, H.F.G.; Abdalla, E.A.; Abd El-Azeem, A.F.

    2008-01-01

    Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination of foods and live-stock feeds is an ongoing problem. In this research, the amelioration of aflatoxicosis in Japanese quails was examined by the radiation processing of their contaminated-diets, as a physical detoxifying method. Diets contaminated with two different levels of AFB 1 (2 or 5 mg kg -1 diet) were subjected to 10, 20, or 30 kGy and fed to growing Japanese quails for 5 weeks. The physiological and biochemical responses were evaluated for irradiation ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2 and 5 mg AFB 1 kg -1 diet. A total of 270 seven-day-old Japanese quail chicks were assigned to 2 factorial arrangements of nine treatments (level of toxin and radiation dose) each consisted of three replicates with 10 quails per pen. The significant adverse effect of AFB 1 on the food consumption, body-weight gain, food conversion ratio, mortality rate and internal organ weights, from the first week onwards, were determined. Radiation processing reduced concentration of AFB 1 in all experimental diets and significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AFB 1 on food consumption, body-weight gain, food conversion ratio, and the relative weights of most observed organs, as a function of radiation dose. Muscles, liver, kidneys and heart tissues were analyzed for aflatoxin (AF) residues. The residual level of AFB 1 was significantly higher in liver than in kidneys, muscles or heart. The level in the observed organs and the muscles was lower in those received irradiated diet at high 30 kGy. Plasma samples were tested for glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine. They were significantly increased in AF treated groups in comparison with those received AF-containing diet and irradiated up to 30 kGy. Birds ate contaminated diet with both level of toxin were suffered from the lower level of total proteins, albumin, globulin, phosphorus and

  18. Effect of probiotic supplementation on organic feed to alternative antibiotic growth promoter on production performance and economics analysis of quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lokapirnasari, W P; Dewi, A R; Fathinah, A; Hidanah, S; Harijani, N; Soeharsono; Karimah, B; Andriani, A D

    2017-12-01

    The purpose of this study was to know the production performance and economic analysis in quail which use probiotic supplementation to alternate antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) to feed consumption, water consumption, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. About 240 quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) at 14 weeks of age were completely randomized into four treatments, each treatment consisted of six replications and each replication consisted by 10 heads. The treatment was T0 (organic feed without AGP and without probiotic), T1 (organic feed + 0.001% AGP), T2 (organic feed + 0.005% probiotic in feed), and T3 (organic feed + 0.005% probiotic in drinking water). The probiotic consist of 1.2×10 5 CFU/g of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus . The results showed that the probiotic supplementation both in feed and water give a significant impact to feed consumption, water intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, and quail day production, but no statistical difference of egg mass. The T3 also show the most profitable business analysis, which has the best result in income, profit, break-even point, return cost ratio, benefit-cost ratio, and return on investment. It can be concluded that giving 0.005% probiotic in drinking water to get the best egg production and profit.

  19. El suelo urbano y los asentamientos informales en el gran resistencia. 1. Chaco, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Cristina Magnano

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En el artículo se describe un creciente proceso de ocupaciones ilegales de terrenos por parte de familias sin hogar en Gran Resistencia del Chaco, Argentina. Luego la ocupación es seguida por gestiones legislativas que traspasan al Estado la responsabilidad de expropiar en beneficio de las familias ocupantes. La realidad demuestra que este último no ejecuta sus compromisos legales por carencia de recursos, con el agravante que los precarios presupuestos habitacionales locales no sólo son disminuidos, sino que en los últimos años se han suprimido varios, dejando sin atención necesidades urgentes de las familias sin casa. Los autores concluyen el artículo proponiendo un temario a debatir públicamente en torno las situaciones más críticas, urgentes y de interés local con la participación de todos los sectores vigentes de la institucionalidad.

  20. Resistencia antibiótica de streptococcus pneumoniae en portadores nasofaríngeos sanos de siete regiones del Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy Torres

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar el patrón de susceptibilidad antibiótica de cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae aisladas de portadores nasofaríngeos sanos menores de 2 años de siete regiones del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2007 y 2009 se tomaron muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo a 2123 niños sanos entre 2 y 24 meses de edad en los consultorios de crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED y vacunación de hospitales y centros de salud de Lima, Piura, Cusco, Abancay, Arequipa, Huancayo, e Iquitos. Se determinó la resistencia a diez antibióticos mediante la prueba de disco-difusión de las cepas de neumococo aisladas. Resultados. Se aislaron 572 cepas. Se encontró altas tasas de resistencia a cotrimoxazol (58%; penicilina (52,2% no-sensibles; tetraciclina (29,1%; azitromicina (28,9%, y eritromicina (26,3%. La resistencia a cloranfenicol fue baja (8,8%. Se encontró 29,5% de multirresistencia. La resistencia a la azitromicina y a la penicilina fue diferente en las siete regiones (p<0,05, hallándose el mayor porcentaje de cepas no-sensibles a penicilina en Arequipa (63,6%, mientras que el menor fue en Cusco (23,4%. Conclusiones. Los elevados niveles de resistencia encontrados para penicilina, cotrimoxazol y macrólidos en cepas de neumococo aisladas de portadores sanos en todas las regiones estudiadas, y su asociación con uso previo de antibióticos, representan un importante problema de salud pública en nuestro país. Esto resalta la necesidad de implementar, a nivel nacional, estrategias para disminuir el uso irracional de antibióticos, sobre todo en la población pediátrica. Es necesario complementar los datos de resistencia a penicilina con la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria para hacer las recomendaciones terapéuticas respectivas

  1. Genetic analyses of partial egg production in Japanese quail using multi-trait random regression models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karami, K; Zerehdaran, S; Barzanooni, B; Lotfi, E

    2017-12-01

    1. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for average egg weight (EW) and egg number (EN) at different ages in Japanese quail using multi-trait random regression (MTRR) models. 2. A total of 8534 records from 900 quail, hatched between 2014 and 2015, were used in the study. Average weekly egg weights and egg numbers were measured from second until sixth week of egg production. 3. Nine random regression models were compared to identify the best order of the Legendre polynomials (LP). The most optimal model was identified by the Bayesian Information Criterion. A model with second order of LP for fixed effects, second order of LP for additive genetic effects and third order of LP for permanent environmental effects (MTRR23) was found to be the best. 4. According to the MTRR23 model, direct heritability for EW increased from 0.26 in the second week to 0.53 in the sixth week of egg production, whereas the ratio of permanent environment to phenotypic variance decreased from 0.48 to 0.1. Direct heritability for EN was low, whereas the ratio of permanent environment to phenotypic variance decreased from 0.57 to 0.15 during the production period. 5. For each trait, estimated genetic correlations among weeks of egg production were high (from 0.85 to 0.98). Genetic correlations between EW and EN were low and negative for the first two weeks, but they were low and positive for the rest of the egg production period. 6. In conclusion, random regression models can be used effectively for analysing egg production traits in Japanese quail. Response to selection for increased egg weight would be higher at older ages because of its higher heritability and such a breeding program would have no negative genetic impact on egg production.

  2. Género, cuerpo, poder y resistencia. Un diálogo crítico con Judith Butler

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marya Hinira Sáenz Cabezas

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo dialoga críticamente con la teoría del género y el poder de Judith Butler, con el fin de indagar por las limitaciones en la comprensión de las prácticas de resistencia que se derivan de ella. Para esto se hace uso, por una parte, de la metodología de historias de vida, la cual permite que la reflexión se alimente de cinco experiencias de personas trans; y por la otra, de los desarrollos de la teoría feminista contemporánea. Se sostiene que Butler no responde satisfactoriamente a la pregunta acerca de cuál es la base material que permite la emergencia de las resistencias a las normas de género, y se propone la noción de cuerpo deseante para dar solución a este vacío y explicar por qué las prácticas de resistencia no deben ser pensadas solamente como posibilitadas por los resquicios que deja el poder.

  3. Criterios para estimar la resistencia en macizos rocosos de la zona oriental del país

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Watson-Quesada

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available En el trabajo se presentan los resultados alcanzados por los autores en el estudio de la resistencia de un grupo de macizos rocosos de diferentes minas y túneles subterráneos de la región oriental del país, los que se caracterizan por el grado de afectación estructural que poseen. Inicialmente se dan criterios sobre los principales métodos que hoy son empleados para valorar las características mecánicas en las discontinuidades, y posteriormente entrar a analizar diferentes vías para la estimación de la resistencia en estos macizos rocosos. Como resultado del trabajo se ofrecen expresiones para la estimación de la resistencia en los macizos rocosos estudiados, que son de gran importancia, ya que permiten enfrentar diferentes tareas de proyecto y construcción en las zonas de estudio con una mayor economía y confiabilidad, pero además son posibles de extrapolar a otros macizos rocosos del país.

  4. Divergent selection for shape of growth curve in Japanese quail. 4. Carcase composition and thyroid hormones

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Hyánková, L.; Novotná, Božena; Darras, V.M.

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 49, č. 2 (2008). s. 96-102 ISSN 0007-1668 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA523/99/1262 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50390512 Keywords : Japanese quail * Growth phases * Carcase quality Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.134, year: 2008

  5. Bioaccessibility tests accurately estimate bioavailability of lead to quail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beyer, W. Nelson; Basta, Nicholas T; Chaney, Rufus L.; Henry, Paula F.; Mosby, David; Rattner, Barnett A.; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Sprague, Dan; Weber, John

    2016-01-01

    Hazards of soil-borne Pb to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known. To better understand the bioavailability of Pb to birds, we measured blood Pb concentrations in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing Pb-contaminated soils. Relative bioavailabilities were expressed by comparison with blood Pb concentrations in quail fed a Pb acetate reference diet. Diets containing soil from five Pb-contaminated Superfund sites had relative bioavailabilities from 33%-63%, with a mean of about 50%. Treatment of two of the soils with phosphorus significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb. Bioaccessibility of Pb in the test soils was then measured in six in vitro tests and regressed on bioavailability. They were: the “Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure” (RBALP) at pH 1.5, the same test conducted at pH 2.5, the “Ohio State University In vitro Gastrointestinal” method (OSU IVG), the “Urban Soil Bioaccessible Lead Test”, the modified “Physiologically Based Extraction Test” and the “Waterfowl Physiologically Based Extraction Test.” All regressions had positive slopes. Based on criteria of slope and coefficient of determination, the RBALP pH 2.5 and OSU IVG tests performed very well. Speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that, on average, most of the Pb in the sampled soils was sorbed to minerals (30%), bound to organic matter (24%), or present as Pb sulfate (18%). Additional Pb was associated with P (chloropyromorphite, hydroxypyromorphite and tertiary Pb phosphate), and with Pb carbonates, leadhillite (a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide), and Pb sulfide. The formation of chloropyromorphite reduced the bioavailability of Pb and the amendment of Pb-contaminated soils with P may be a thermodynamically favored means to sequester Pb.

  6. Nutritional requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for Japanese quails in production phase Exigência nutricional de metionina + cistina digestível para codornas japonesas na fase de postura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available This experiment was carried with Japanese quails in the egg production phase with the objective of determining the requirements of digestible methionine + cystine (M+C for higher production and egg quality. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed in a randomized complete block design. The basal diet was supplemented with different DL-methionine levels, corresponding to digestible methionine + cystine levels of 0.55, 0.61, 0.67, 0.73 and 0.79%. The characteristics analyzed were feed intake (g/quail/day, egg production (%, egg weight (g, egg mass (g/quail/day, feed conversion (dozen eggs/egg mass and kg feed/dozen eggs, egg shell (% and g, albumen (% and g, yolk (% and g and specific gravity (g/cm³. The digestible M+C level for Japanese quails was 0.696% in the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 186.7 mg/quail.Um experimento com codornas japonesas na fase de produção de ovos foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de metionina + cistina digestível para maior produção e melhor qualidade dos ovos. Foram utilizadas 240 aves distribuídas em delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, alimentadas com uma ração basal suplementada com DL metionina, de forma a se obterem 0,55; 0,61; 0,67; 0,73 e 0,79% de metionina + cistina digestível. As características de desempenho analisadas foram consumo de ração (g/ave/dia, produção de ovos (%, peso (g e massa de ovo (g/ave/dia, conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de ovos e kg de ração/dúzia de ovos, casca de ovo (% e g, albúmen (% e g, gema (% e g e gravidade específica (g/cm³. O nível de metionina + cistina digestível para codornas japonesas é de 0,696%, que corresponde a consumo diário de 186,7 mg/ave.

  7. Dietary Supplementation of Chromium Can Alleviate Negative Impacts of Heat Stress on Performance, Carcass Yield, and Some Blood Hematology and Chemistry Indices of Growing Japanese Quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    El-Kholy, Mohamed Soliman; El-Hindawy, Mohamed Mohamed; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Abd El-Hack, Mohamed Ezzat; El-Sayed, Sabry Abd El-Gawad Abd El-Halim

    2017-09-01

    The main objective of this work was to investigate the impact of dietary chromium supplementation on growth indices, carcass yield, and some hematological and biochemical blood parameters of growing Japanese quails subjected to heat stress. A total of 360 unsexed 2-week-old Japanese quail chicks were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement that had two ambient temperatures (23 ± 2 and 33 ± 2 °C) and three dietary chromium (0.00, 500, and 1000 μg Cr/kg diet as chromium picolinate). For induction of heat stress, the room temperature was set at 33 ± 2 °C from 2 to 6 weeks of age. Results showed that body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake were decreased for birds subjected to heat stress condition during 2 to 4 and 2 to 6 weeks of age. Feed conversion was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by high ambient temperature throughout the experiment. Carcass, dressing, liver, and heart percentages were not influenced by the ambient temperature or dietary chromium or their combinations. Significant temperature × chromium combinations were observed for hemoglobin value (P = 0.025) and packed cell volume (P = 0.001). Cholesterol and glucose in plasma were increased (P = 0.004 or 0.022) in quails subjected to heat stress condition. Plasma measurements of total proteins, albumin, globulin, lipids, glucose, and A/G ratio of quail chicks were not influenced (P > 0.05) by chromium, while cholesterol was increased with increasing chromium level (P = 0.033). High ambient temperature or dietary chromium levels or their interactions did not (P > 0.05) affect plasma levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), or T3/T4 ratio of growing quails. From these observations, it can be concluded that dietary chromium supplementation of growing Japanese quail subjected to heat stress condition could beneficially affect growth performance and carcasses, as well as modulate the hematological

  8. Influencia del contenido de silicio y el tratamiento térmico en la resistencia al desgaste de fundiciones blancas al cromo en condiciones de rápida solidificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Goyos, L.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The influence of silicon content and heat treatment on microstructure, abrasive and dry friction wear resistance of a 3 % C, 12 % Cr cast iron, under fast solidification conditions is studied. The fast solidification condition diminishes the carbide volume and the silicon content increases their dispersion and finesses. All matrixes obtained were perlitics, whit different finesses. No intermediate transformation products were noticed. Hardness had little variation. Austenization treatment show little affectivity, with tendency to increase wear in reference to as cast and maintenance treatments. Behavior under dry friction and abrasive wear were similar under test conditions applied whit more influence of carbide morphology in the abrasive wear conditions.

    Se estudia la influencia del silicio y el tratamiento térmico sobre la microestructura y la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo y por fricción seca de una fundición con 3 % C y 12 % Cr, obtenida en condiciones de rápida solidificación. La rápida solidificación disminuye el volumen de carburos, la finura y dispersión de éstos aumentan con el incremento del silicio. Todas las muestras presentaron matrices perlíticas, variando en finura con el tratamiento. No se apreciaron productos de transformación intermedios. Las durezas tuvieron poca variación. Los tratamientos de austenización mostraron poca efectividad, con tendencia a desgastes más elevados que en estado bruto de colada y con tratamiento de mantenimiento. Los comportamientos ante la abrasión y la fricción seca en las condiciones ensayadas fueron similares. Se evidenció alta influencia de la morfología de los carburos en el desgaste abrasivo.

  9. EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA DE LA RESISTENCIA A COMPRESIÓN EN CONCRETOS ELABORADOS CON CEMENTO TIPO CPCA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Rincon, H. Bolognini,

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años en Venezuela se ha presentado una crisis en la demanda, comercialización y producción del cemento, material necesario para la construcción, por lo cual se han venido utilizando cementos adicionados sin ningún tipo de regulación. En este trabajo se presenta la caracterización físico-mecánica de tres mezclas de concreto con relación agua/cemento de 0,45 y relación agua/cemento de 0,60 con diferentes tipos de cemento Portland, Tipo I, Tipo CPCA1, y la tercera mezcla corresponde a Tipo CPCA1 retribuyéndole el 15% de adición en su propio peso, desarrollando una mezcla de mejor calidad. Estos concretos se caracterizaron según: asentamiento, tiempo de fraguado, porcentaje de porosidad total, porcentaje de absorción de agua y resistencia mecánica a la compresión. Los resultados demostraron que la mezcla de concreto elaborada con CPCA1 no cumple con los requisitos mínimos establecidos en la norma venezolana para su uso en la elaboración de concreto estructural, ya que entre otros parámetros su resistencia a la compresión está por debajo del valor de diseño. En cuanto al CPCA1 retribuyéndole el 15% de adición en su propio peso cumple con los requisitos establecidos, y puede ser utilizado en la fabricación de elementos estructurales de concreto.

  10. Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA: a study from a child labor perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Permínio Oliveira Vidal Júnior

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the trade and microbiological quality of boiled quail eggs on the waterfront of Salvador , Bahia, Brazil, from the child labor perspective. METHODS: This cross-sectional study administered semi-structured questionnaires to 40 underage vendors and performed the microbiological assessment of 40 quail egg samples as follows: mesophilic aerobic microorganism count, coagulase-positive staphylococcus count, estimation of the most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms/Escherichia coli, and testing for Salmonella spp.. The results were compared with the standards provided by the Resolution RDC nº 12/2001, National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. RESULTS: The vendors were mostly female (57.5% students (95.0% aged 8 to 17 years. The most common reason for working was supplementation of the family income (57.5%. The mean gross income was R$38.31/day. Most of them presented inadequate personal hygiene but they recognized that foods could cause diseases. Many (47.5% vendors reported washing their hands up to twice daily. Mean mesophilic aerobic microorganism and coagulase-positive staphylococcus counts were 2.43 and 2.01 log colony-forming unit/g, respectively, and the estimated thermotolerant coliform contamination was 0.98 log most probable number/g. Escherichia coli was found in 15.0% of the samples and none contained Salmonella spp. Most (55.0% samples were noncompliant with the legislation. CONCLUSION: The results evidenced the presence of minors selling quail eggs on beaches of Salvador and suggest risk to consumers' health because of the detected contamination and vendors' ignorance of principles of hygiene.

  11. Grounded running in quails: simulations indicate benefits of observed fixed aperture angle between legs before touch-down.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andrada, Emanuel; Rode, Christian; Blickhan, Reinhard

    2013-10-21

    Many birds use grounded running (running without aerial phases) in a wide range of speeds. Contrary to walking and running, numerical investigations of this gait based on the BSLIP (bipedal spring loaded inverted pendulum) template are rare. To obtain template related parameters of quails (e.g. leg stiffness) we used x-ray cinematography combined with ground reaction force measurements of quail grounded running. Interestingly, with speed the quails did not adjust the swing leg's angle of attack with respect to the ground but adapted the angle between legs (which we termed aperture angle), and fixed it about 30ms before touchdown. In simulations with the BSLIP we compared this swing leg alignment policy with the fixed angle of attack with respect to the ground typically used in the literature. We found symmetric periodic grounded running in a simply connected subset comprising one third of the investigated parameter space. The fixed aperture angle strategy revealed improved local stability and surprising tolerance with respect to large perturbations. Starting with the periodic solutions, after step-down step-up or step-up step-down perturbations of 10% leg rest length, in the vast majority of cases the bipedal SLIP could accomplish at least 50 steps to fall. The fixed angle of attack strategy was not feasible. We propose that, in small animals in particular, grounded running may be a common gait that allows highly compliant systems to exploit energy storage without the necessity of quick changes in the locomotor program when facing perturbations. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Effect of immobilized lipase supplementation of diets on the performance of the Japanese quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu-Taleb, A.M.; Ezzat, I.E.; Saleh, M.

    2004-01-01

    In the present study, lipase was immobilized onto two different supports, agarose and gelatin. Some physico-chemical properties of the free and immobilized lipase such as optimum temperature, optimum ph and storage stability were studied. Storage of the enzymes for 2 months showed that the free enzyme lost its activity, while the immobilized on the gelatin showed better resistance towards ph and temperature variations than that immobilized onto agarose. Four experiments were conducted to test the effect of the immobilized lipase supplementation on the productive performance of the Japanese quails. During the first 3 weeks, the addition of lipase to poultry diets caused an increase in the body weight gain of birds than the enzyme-free diet. An obvious improvement in quail day egg production during the laying period was observed with the groups fed on a diet supplemented with 3000 and 2000 I U of immobilized lipase per kilogram feed. Blood cholesterol was not affected with lipase addition, while total lipids were significantly increased. Significant reduction was also observed in thyroid hormones (T 3 and T 4 ) as compared with the control group

  13. Evaluation of a quail embryo model for the detection of botulinum toxin type A activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    The quail embryo was evaluated for use as a bioassay to detect biologically active botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A). Day 15 of incubation embryos were injected with decreasing dosages of BoNT/A from 250 to 0.5 ng of toxin. At 1 day post-injection, embryos receiving 20 ng of BoNT or higher had m...

  14. Influence of a mobile robot on the spatial behaviour of quail chicks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Margerie, E; Lumineau, S; Houdelier, C; Richard Yris, M-A, E-mail: emmanuel.demargerie@univ-rennes1.fr [CNRS UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Universite Rennes 1, Rennes (France)

    2011-09-15

    Quail chicks encountered an autonomous mobile robot during their early development. The robot incorporated a heat source that stimulated following of chicks. The spatial behaviour of grown-up chicks was tested in an exploration test and a detour test. Chicks that grew with the mobile robot exhibited better spatial abilities than chicks grown with a static heat source. We discuss these results in the perspective of animal-robot interaction and of the role of early spatial experience on the behavioural development. (communication)

  15. Influence of a mobile robot on the spatial behaviour of quail chicks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Margerie, E; Lumineau, S; Houdelier, C; Richard Yris, M-A

    2011-01-01

    Quail chicks encountered an autonomous mobile robot during their early development. The robot incorporated a heat source that stimulated following of chicks. The spatial behaviour of grown-up chicks was tested in an exploration test and a detour test. Chicks that grew with the mobile robot exhibited better spatial abilities than chicks grown with a static heat source. We discuss these results in the perspective of animal-robot interaction and of the role of early spatial experience on the behavioural development. (communication)

  16. Resistencia antibiótica en infecciones urinarias en niños atendidos en una institución privada, periodo 2007 - 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Polanco Hinostroza

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia antibiótica es un serio problema de salud, sobre todo en pacientes con recurrencia de episodios y anomalías del sistema urinario. Objetivo: Describir el patrón de resistencia antibiótica de las bacterias causantes de la infección del tracto urinario (ITU como primer episodio, recurrente o complicada en niños menores de 5 años. Material y métodos: Estudio tipo serie de casos observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ITU con cultivo de orina positivo, durante un periodo de 5 años en una institución de salud privada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 111 niños de 1 mes a 5 años; 97 (87,4% fueron mujeres; 68 (61,3% fueron lactantes; hubieron 77 pacientes con ITU, 34 con ITU recurrente o complicada. Escherichia coli (63,1% fue el microorganismo más frecuente en todos los grupos. La resistencia antibiótica fue: ampicilina 80,6%, cefalotina 59%, amoxicilina/clavulánico 55,4%, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol 51,6%, ácido nalidixico 51%, cefalexina 40%, cefotaxima 31%, cefuroxima 29,8%, ceftriaxona 28,6%, ceftazidima 27,3%, norfloxacino 21,2%, ciprofloxacino 21,1%; y con menos resistencia fueron nitrofurantoína 17%, gentamicina 13,2%, amikacina 1%. Conclusiones: La resistencia antimicrobiana para los antibióticos usados para el tratamiento de ITU es alta para las aminopenicilinas, sulfas, cefalosporinas de primera, segunda y tercera generación así como quinolonas; los aminoglucósidos aún presentan muy baja resistencia porque lo que serían útiles para la terapia de primera elección.

  17. Estudio del comportamiento de los recargues multicapas de depósitos soldados de fundición blanca al cromo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Collazo-Carceller

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Se determina la influencia de los parámetros Energía introducida (Hi, Número de capas (Nc y Ancho del depósito (Ad, en la morfología y el incremento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de capas depositadas sobre acero 1020 utilizando el electrodo de fundición blanca al cromo UTP Ledurit – 61. Empleando la microscopia óptica se identificaron y cuantificaron las fases presentes, analizando su efecto en el desgaste. Siendo determinante la influencia de la inclinación de las dendritas y su posición con respecto a 90° en el incremento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo. Se caracterizaron los posibles mecanismos de daño superficial provocado por desgaste abrasivo empleando la microscopia electrónica de barrido. Se propusieron modelos lineales para correlacionar la influencia de la cantidad, tamaño, dispersión de los carburos y el ángulo de inclinación de las dendritas, en el incremento de la resistencia al desgaste.The influence of different parameters in layer morphology and abrasion resistance of Fe-Cr-C electrodes UTP Ledurit – 61 on steel 1020 was studied. Introduced Energy (Hi, Number of Layers (Nc, and Deposit Width (Ad were the main parameters considered. The metallographic identification and quantification of metal phases and the determination of their effect in abrasion resistance were made with optical microscopy. The abrasive wear test characterized by scanning electron microscopy, defines a possible mechanism of surface damage. It was found that the angle formed between a normal line to the surface and the dendrite inclination is directly related with the increment of wear resistance. Lineal models that correlate wear resistance with quantity, size, and carbide dispersion and dendrite angle inclination were also developed.

  18. Identification of New World Quails Susceptible to Infection with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Plachý, Jiří; Reinišová, Markéta; Kučerová, Dana; Šenigl, Filip; Stepanets, Volodymyr; Hron, Tomáš; Trejbalová, Kateřina; Elleder, Daniel; Hejnar, Jiří

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 91, č. 3 (2017), č. článku e02002. ISSN 0022-538X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-30983S; GA MŠk LO1419 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : ALV-J * antiretroviral resistance * Na+/H+ exchanger * New World quail * retroviral receptor Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Virology Impact factor: 4.663, year: 2016

  19. Resistência à mupirocina entre isolados de Staphylococcus aureus de profissionais de enfermagem Resistencia al mupirocin en cepas aisladas de Staphylococcus aureus de profesionales de enfermería Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in samples belonging to professional nurses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josely Pinto de Moura

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a colonização por Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis e resistentes à meticilina na saliva de profissionais de enfermagem e o perfil de resistência à mupirocina. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas três amostras da saliva de 356 (94,2% profissionais participantes da pesquisa, totalizando 1.068 amostras processadas. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. A análise microbiológica compreendeu a identificação fenotípica, segundo normas do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos 73 indivíduos colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus na primeira coleta, 48 na segunda e 37 na terceira, somando 158 isolados de Staphylococcus aureus. Desses, 24 (15,2% eram resistentes à oxacilina e 30 resistentes à mupirocina (18,9%. A resistência à mupirocina foi observada de forma pronunciada nos Staphylococcus aureus metacilina resistente (MRSA; dos 24 MRSA, 17 (70,8% apresentaram-se resistentes a este antimicrobiano. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicaram que a resistência à mupirocina é um importante problema, pois esse antibiótico é um excelente aliado nas medidas de controle das infecções de serviços de saúde.OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la colonización por Staphylococcus aureus sensibles y resistentes al meticilín en la saliva de profesionales de enfermería y, reconocer el perfil de resistencia a la mupirocina. MÉTODOS: Fueron recolectadas tres muestras de saliva de 356 (94,2% profesionales participantes de la investigación, totalizando 1.068 muestras procesadas. Todos los aspectos éticos fueron contemplados. El análisis microbiológico comprendió la identificación fenotípica, según normas del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTADOS: Fueron obtenidos 73 individuos colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus en la primera recolección, 48 en la segunda y 37 en la tercera, sumando 158 muestras aisladas de Staphylococcus aureus. De esas, 24 (15,2% eran resistentes a la oxacilina y 30

  20. GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER IN JAPANESE QUAIL FAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ion Dragalin

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The accumulated as production waste fat from Faraon quail breeds has been investigated for the first time by using GC-MS technique, preventively converting it via methanolysis to fatty acid methyl esters. The test results, regarding the content of unsaturated fatty acids having a favorable to human body cis-configuration (77.8%, confirm their nutritional value and the possibility of using this fat in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries.

  1. Factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento de Malaria en Piura y Tumbes - Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Llanos-Zavalaga, Fernando; Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Cotrina R, Armando; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Campana S, Pilar; Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

    2001-01-01

    La Organización Mundial de Salud considera al tratamiento temprano y adecuado como parte fundamental del programa mundial de control de la malaria. Un problema asociado a esta estrategia es la resistencia, especialmente de P. falciparum a las drogas antimaláricas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociales, culturales y de los servicios de salud asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento de malaria desde la perspectiva del usuario y del prestador, en poblados de los departamentos de Piura y Tum...

  2. Síntesis coloidal de materiales nanoestructurados de Al-ZrAl3: Propiedades mecánicas mediante el ensayo miniatura de punzonado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Díaz, L. A.

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available This work describes a new method to obtain Al-Zr intermetallic nanostructured materials by using a colloidal processing technique. The combination of Al powders and zirconium IV-propoxide (C12H28O4Zr under controlled conditions results in a metal matrix composite with a homogeneous dispersion of intermetallics. Synthesis was carried out in a tubular furnace under argon and by hot pressing under the same atmospheric conditions. XDR and SEM were used to identify the intermetallic nanoparticles. The Vickers hardness of the ZrAl3 nanocomposites and the mechanical behaviour by small punch test were studied.

    En este trabajo se describe un nuevo método de procesamiento coloidal para obtener materiales nanoestructurados de base aluminio con partículas intermetálicas ZrAl3. A partir de una mezcla controlada en alcohol, de polvos de aluminio con un alcóxido precursor de zirconio (C12H28O4Zr se obtiene, mediante un tratamiento térmico en un horno convencional con atmósfera controlada o por prensado uniaxial en caliente, un polvo nanoestructurado formado por cristales de aluminio sobre los que cristalizan, de forma homogénea, nanopartículas intermetálicas de ZrAl3. La identificación del intermetálico se efectuó por difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido. El comportamiento mecánico de los materiales nanoestructurados desarrollados se evaluó a partir de ensayos de dureza y mediante el ensayo miniatura de punzonado (EMP. Los resultados muestran que la presencia del intermetálico de zirconio hasta un 1,0 % (en peso de zirconio aumenta la dureza y rigidez de la matriz de aluminio, al tiempo que incrementa su resistencia mecánica (límite elástico y resistencia a la tracción.

  3. Validation of the DLW method in Japanese quail at different water fluxes using laser and IRMS

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Trigt, R; Kerstel, E.R.T.; Neubert, R.E.M.; Meijer, H.A.J.; Mclean, M.; Visser, G.H.

    2002-01-01

    In Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica; n = 9), the doubly labeled water (DLW) method (H-2, O-18) for estimation Of CO2 production (1/day) was validated. To evaluate its sensitivity to water efflux levels (r(H2Oe); g/day) and to assumptions of fractional evaporative water loss (x; dimensionless),

  4. Comparison of learning ability and memory retention in altricial (Bengalese finch, Lonchura striata var. domestica) and precocial (blue-breasted quail, Coturnix chinensis) birds using a color discrimination task.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ueno, Aki; Suzuki, Kaoru

    2014-02-01

    The present study sought to assess the potential application of avian models with different developmental modes to studies on cognition and neuroscience. Six altricial Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica), and eight precocial blue-breasted quails (Coturnix chinensis) were presented with color discrimination tasks to compare their respective faculties for learning and memory retention within the context of the two developmental modes. Tasks consisted of presenting birds with discriminative cues in the form of colored feeder lids, and birds were considered to have learned a task when 80% of their attempts at selecting the correctly colored lid in two consecutive blocks of 10 trials were successful. All of the finches successfully performed the required experimental tasks, whereas only half of the quails were able to execute the same tasks. In the learning test, finches required significantly fewer trials than quails to learn the task (finches: 13.5 ± 9.14 trials, quails: 45.8 ± 4.35 trials, P memory retention tests, which were conducted 45 days after the learning test, finches retained the ability to discriminate between colors correctly (95.0 ± 4.47%), whereas quails did not retain any memory of the experimental procedure and so could not be tested. These results suggested that altricial and precocial birds both possess the faculty for learning and retaining discrimination-type tasks, but that altricial birds perform better than precocial birds in both faculties. The present findings imply that developmental mode is an important consideration for assessing the suitability of bird species for particular experiments. © 2013 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

  5. Métodos de molienda, granulometría y resistencia desarrollada por los diferentes cementos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beke, B.

    1961-12-01

    Full Text Available Not availableSe han realizado dos series de ensayos para determinar la influencia de las varias fracciones granulométricas en el endurecimiento o desarrollo de resistencias de diferentes cementos.

  6. Effect of using garlic or curcumin or parsley on the growth performance, meat and egg quality of Japanese quail

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Faramawy, A.A.; Fahmy, M.O.; Wakwak, M.M.

    2006-01-01

    Two grams of powdered garlic or curcumin or parsley were added separately to each kg of the diet of unsexed Japanese quail aged one day old in an attempt to evaluate growth performance, serum cholesterol, triiodothyronine hormone, small intestine thickness and caecal microbial count to improve meat quality and egg production. The quails were hold in equal 4 groups; each group contained three replicates of 30 birds. Birds were watered and fed ad libitum for 7 weeks then 69 chicks from each group (6 males and 17 females for each replicate) were transferred into laying cages for another 6 weeks while 3 birds from each replicate were slaughtered for serum cholesterol, triiodothyronine, small intestine thickness, microbial count and carcass fatty acid determination. The data revealed that addition of each of the tested herb supplements caused significant increase in body weight, while there was non-significant changes in serum cholesterol, T3, small intestine thickness and total bacterial count. In addition, there was significant increase in unsaturated fatty acids and significant decrease in saturated fatty acids of carcass. The three additives caused remarkable increases in egg production and hatch ability %, besides augmenting the fertility % and number of ovarian follicles. It may be concluded that addition of 2g garlic or curcumin or parsley powder to each kg of the diet of Japanese quail favored consumer expectation in relation to meat quality and egg production and prolonged feed preservation

  7. Comprehensive Identification of Sexual Dimorphism-Associated Differentially Expressed Genes in Two-Way Factorial Designed RNA-Seq Data on Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelsey Caetano-Anolles

    Full Text Available Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica reach sexual maturity earlier, breed rapidly and successfully, and cost less and require less space than other birds raised commercially. Given the value of this species for food production and experimental use, more studies are necessary to determine chromosomal regions and genes associated with gender and breed-differentiation. This study employed Trinity and edgeR for transcriptome analysis of next-generation RNA-seq data, which included 4 tissues obtained from 3 different breeding lines of Japanese quail (random bred control, heavy weight, low weight. Differentially expressed genes shared between female and male tissue contrast groups were analyzed to identify genes related to sexual dimorphism as well as potential novel candidate genes for molecular sexing. Several of the genes identified in the present study as significant sex-related genes have been previously found in avian gene expression analyses (NIPBL, UBAP2, and other genes found differentially expressed in this study and not previously associated with sex-related differences may be considered potential candidates for molecular sexing (TERA, MYP0, PPR17, CASQ2. Additionally, other genes likely associated with neuronal and brain development (CHKA, NYAP, as well as body development and size differentiation (ANKRD26, GRP87 in quail were identified. Expression of homeobox protein regulating genes (HXC4, ISL1 shared between our two sex-related contrast groups (Female Brain vs. Male Brain and Ovary vs. Testis indicates that these genes may regulate sex-specific anatomical development. Results reveal genetic features of the quail breed and could allow for more effective molecular sexing as well as selective breeding for traits important in commercial production.

  8. Effects of chicory inulin on serum metabolites of uric acid, lipids, glucose, and abdominal fat deposition in quails induced by purine-rich diets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Zhijian; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Xiaoqing; Jin, Rui; Zhu, Wenjing

    2014-11-01

    Inulin, a group of dietary fibers, is reported to improve the metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chicory inulin on serum metabolites of uric acid (UA), lipids, glucose, and abdominal fat deposition in quail model induced by a purine-rich diet. In this study, 60 male French quails were randomly allocated to five groups: CON (control group), MOD (model group), BEN (benzbromarone-treated group), CHI-H (high-dosage chicory inulin-treated group), and CHI-L (low-dosage chicory inulin-treated group). The serum UA level was significantly increased in the model group from days 7 to 28, as well as triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) increased later in the experimental period. The abdominal fat ratio was increased on day 28. Benzbromarone can decrease UA levels on days 14 and 28. The high and low dosage of chicory inulin also decreased serum UA levels on days 7, 14, and 28. The abdominal fat ratio, activity, and protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were decreased in chicory inulin-treated groups. The activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were increased in the model group and decreased in the benzbromarone and chicory inulin groups. This study evaluated a quail model of induced hyperuricemia with other metabolic disorders caused by a high-purine diet. The results indicated that a purine-rich diet might contribute to the development of hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity. Chicory inulin decreased serum UA, TG, and abdominal fat deposition in a quail model of hyperuricemia by altering the ACC protein expression and FAS and XOD activities.

  9. Recomendaciones en la prescripción del entrenamiento con pesas (contra resistencia para diabéticos e hipertensos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessenia Hernández Elizondo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El organismo humano es capaz de mantener un control bastante preciso de los niveles de glucosa sanguínea durante el reposo y en condiciones de ejercicio, sin embargo las concentraciones de insulina en personas con diabetes no responden al ejercicio de manera normal, y el equilibrio entre la utilización de glucosa periférica y hepática se puede alterar. A pesar de lo anterior, se ha considerado que el ejercicio físico es un elemento clave que provee grandes beneficios a la persona diabética. Por otra parte, una de las patologías que está muy asociada con la diabetes es la hipertensión o presión arterial alta (Hipertensión. Cuando queremos prescribir ejercicio en personas hipertensas debemos recordar que el entrenamiento con pesas no mejora la condición cardiovascular, pero sí hace que los músculos y huesos sean más fuertes y se incremente el metabolismo. El presente trabajo se realizó con el propósito de dar a conocer a los profesionales en Educación Física y en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, los ejercicios de pesas (contra resistencia que no se recomiendan en la prescripción de programas para personas que padecen de diabetes e hipertensión. Además de proveer una herramienta descriptiva y útil para la educación de todas las personas interesadas en la actividad física y especialmente para aquellos que realizan entrenamiento contra resistencia

  10. Resistencias sociales y no-violencia: aportes para una interpretación desde la micropolítica del acontecimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Useche Aldama

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Las luchas de resistencia noviolentas han tomado actualmente nuevas formas y un gran impulso en todo el planeta. Se caracterizan por constituir acontecimientos de alta creatividad que actualizan y abren nuevos espacios de libertad. Estas resistencias toman distancia de los métodos convencionales de la representación política y prefieren centrar sus energías en disputar los campos de relaciones vitales y en desplegar su propia potencia de afirmación de nuevos modos de existencia.

  11. Bovine meat and Bone Meal as an Economically Viable Alternative in Quail Feeding in the Final Phase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CC Pizzolante

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Bovine meat and bone meal (MBM has been used as a low-cost protein source in corn- and soybean meal-based poultry diets. However, to date, no studies investigating the effect of the dietary inclusion of MBM on the performance of Japanese quails and on egg production costs were found in literature. In this study, 600 Japanese quails in lay were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (replacement levels of soybean meal by MBM:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% with five replicates of 20 birds each to investigate if MBM is a viable alternative to maintain or to improve the live and economic performances of these birds. Treatments consisted of a control diet, based on corn and soybean meal, with no inclusion of MBM, and diets formulated with increasing levels (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of MBM inclusion at the expense of soybean meal. The studied parameters were evaluated in four periods of 28 days each. Live performance parameters (egg weight, g; average egg production, %; egg weight, g; feed intake, g; feed conversion ratio per egg mass, kg/kg and per dozen eggs, dz/kg; and livability, %; egg quality parameters (proportion of egg components, yolk, albumen, eggshell %; egg specific weight, g/cm3; and economic parameter (bio-economic nutritional index were determined. Only egg weight, egg specific weight, and eggshell percentage were affected (p<0.05 by the treatments. Our results show that inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal can be added to the diet of Japanese quails in lay, causing no performance losses and promoting feed cost savings up to 5.24%.

  12. Functional analysis of SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 during the myogenic differentiation of quail myoblast cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Si Won Kim

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Objective Owing to the public availability of complete genome sequences, including avian species, massive bioinformatics analyses may be conducted for computational gene prediction and the identification of gene regulatory networks through various informatics tools. However, to evaluate the biofunctional activity of a predicted target gene, in vivo and in vitro functional genomic analyses should be a prerequisite. Methods Due to a lack of quail genomic sequence information, we first identified the partial genomic structure and sequences of the quail SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2 gene. Subsequently, SH3RF2 was knocked out using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 technology and single cell-derived SH3RF2 mutant sublines were established to study the biofunctional activity of SH3RF2 in quail myoblast (QM7 cells during muscle differentiation. Results Through a T7 endonuclease I assay and genotyping analysis, we established an SH3RF2 knockout (KO QM7#4 subline with 61 and 155 nucleotide deletion mutations in SH3RF2. After the induction of myotube differentiation, the expression profiles were analyzed and compared between regular QM7 and SH3RF2 KO QM7#4 cells by global RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion We did not detect any statistically significant role of SH3RF2 during myotube differentiation in QM7 myoblast cells. However, additional experiments are necessary to examine the biofunctional activity of SH3RF2 in cell proliferation and muscle growth.

  13. Experiment K-313: Rat and quail ontogenesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keefe, J. R.

    1981-01-01

    The potential effects of spaceflight on the processes of mammalian fertilizaton, implantation and embryonic development are investigated. Five female and two male rats were placed together on Day 2 of the flight. By R+17, it was determined that both flight and synchronous females were not carrying normal pregnancies and three of the flight animals were laparotomized. The uterus and ovaries were processed for microscopic analyses. The two remaining flight females were allowed to recover from the exploratory operation, rebred with flight males and delivered normal litters. As a control for potential transplacental effects that might be interpreted as direct spaceflight effects, a series of fertilized Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs was flown on Cosmos 1129. Although all of the eggs were adversely impacted by an inflight failure of the incubator humidifier on flight Day 13, several embryos were able to progress to a developmental stage equivalent to that of a control 10-12 Day embryo.

  14. Influencia del material de aporte en la resistencia a corrosión por picadura en uniones soldadas de un acero inoxidable dúplex 2205

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Múnez, C. J.

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work, it has been studied the pitting corrosion resistance of welding duplex stainless steel 2205. Unions were made by GMAW process with different fillers: duplex ER 2209 and two austenitic (ER 316LSi and ER 308LSi. The microstructure obtained with the duplex ER 2209 filler is similar to the duplex 2205 base material, but the unions produced with the austenitic fillers cause a decrease of the phases relation a/g. To evaluate the influence of the filler on the weld, the pitting corrosion resistance was determined by electrochemical critical pitting temperature test (TCP and the mechanical properties by the hardness. The phases imbalance produced for the dissimilar fillers bring out a variation of the pitting corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties.

    En este trabajo se ha estudiado la resistencia a la corrosión localizada por picadura, de soldaduras realizadas sobre un acero inoxidable dúplex 2205. Se hicieron uniones mediante el proceso GMAW, utilizando como material de aporte un hilo dúplex ER 2209 y dos austeníticos ER 316LSi y ER 308LSi. Metalúrgicamente, se observa como para el hilo ER 2209 las microestructuras que se obtienen son similares a la del dúplex 2205, mientras que en las uniones con hilo austenítico, pueden verse microestructuras muy diferentes en las que la relación de fases a/g disminuye. Al evaluar la resistencia a la corrosión por picadura, mediante la Temperatura Crítica de Picadura (TCP, se comprobó como el desequilibrio entre las fases, generado por el aporte, provoca la variación en la resistencia a la corrosión localizada por picadura. También, se estudió la variación en las propiedades mecánicas del material mediante ensayos de dureza.

  15. Predicting the drying shrinkage behavior of high strength portland cement mortar under the combined influence of fine aggregate and steel micro fiber; Predicción del comportamiento de retracción por secado de morteros de cemento Pórtland de alta resistencia bajo la influencia combinada de árido fino y micro fibra de acero.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Zhengqi

    2017-07-01

    The workability, 28-day compressive strength and free drying shrinkage of a very high strength (121-142 MPa) steel micro fiber reinforced portland cement mortar were studied under a combined influence of fine aggregate content and fiber content. The test results showed that an increase in the fine aggregate content resulted in decreases in the workability, 28-day compressive strength and drying shrinkage of mortar at a fixed fiber content. An increase in the fiber content resulted in decreases in the workability and drying shrinkage of mortar, but an increase in the 28-day compressive strength of mortar at a fixed fine aggregate content. The modified Gardner model most accurately predicted the drying shrinkage development of the high strength mortars, followed by the Ross model and the ACI 209R-92 model. The Gardner model gave the least accurate prediction for it was developed based on a database of normal strength concrete. [Spanish] Se ha estudiado la trabajabilidad, resistencia a la compresión (28 días) y la retracción al secado de morteros de cemento Pórtland de muy alta resistencia (121-142 MPa) reforzados con micro fibra de acero, con la influencia combinada de contenido de árido fino y de micro fibra de acero. El aumento en el contenido de árido fino resultó en la disminución de la trabajabilidad, resistencia a la compresión y la retracción por secado de los morteros con un contenido de fibra específico. El aumento en el contenido de fibra dio lugar a la disminución de la trabajabilidad y la retracción por secado, y a un aumento en la resistencia a la compresión a 28 días en morteros con un contenido específico de á rido fino. El modelo modificado de Gardner predijo con más precisión la retracción por secado de mortero de alta resistencia, seguido por el modelo de Ross y el modelo ACI 209R-92. El modelo de Gardner dio la predicción menos exacta debido al hecho de que se desarrolló sobre bases de datos de hormigones de resistencia normal.

  16. Resistencia química del hormigón. XV-Acción de una disolución saturada de yeso: influencia de la adición de escoria a un cemento portland de alta resistencia inicial. Evolución de las resistencias mecánicas a flexotracción y de los coeficientes de corrosi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sagrera-Moreno, José Luis

    1982-03-01

    Full Text Available In this work, the first of another new series, a study is made on the influence brought by adding different quantities of a groundgranulate slag to a high initial resistance industrial portland cement (cement 1 < > P-550-ARI in its chemical-strength behaviour against the action of a gypsum saturated solution, determining the evolution of the chemical resistance using the Koch-Steinegger method, as well a tensile strengths of mortar test specimens (1:3 of 1 x 1 x 6 cm made with this cement 1 and with mixtures cement 1/slag = 85/15 - 65/35 - 40/60 and 30/70, in weight immersed in drinking water with some series of 12 test speciments filtered and other series that are analogue to the above, in a gypsum saturated solution, for 56-90-180 and 360 days, after curing them in a humidity saturated area at 20 ± 2°C, and later, 21 days under filtered drinking water. The favourabe action exerted by adding slag has been evident, especialy in high amounts (≥ 60 % to cement 1 studied.

    En el presente trabajo, primero de otra nueva serie, se estudia, la influencia que ejerce la adición de distintas cantidades de una escoria granulada molida a un cemento portland industrial de alta resistencia inicial (cemento 1 < > P-550-ARI en su comportamiento químico-resistente frente a la acción de una disolución saturada de yeso, determinando la evolución de la resistencia química por el método de Koch-Steinegger, así como la de las resistencias mecánicas a flexotracción de probetas de mortero (1:3 de 1 x 1 x 6 cm, fabricadas con dicho cemento 1 y con las mezclas cemento 1/escoria = 85/15 - 65/35 - 40/60 y 30/70, en peso, sumergidas en agua potable filtrada unas series de 12 probetas y en una disolución saturada de yeso otras series análogas a las anteriores, durante 56-90-180 y 360 días, después de haberlas curado 24 horas en un recinto saturado de humedad a 20 ± 2°C y, a continuación, 21 días bajo agua potable filtrada. Se ha puesto de

  17. Los trabajadores de bavaria:entre la resistencia y la deferencia, 1889-1930

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Fonseca, Juan Manuel

    2005-01-01

    La resistencia de los trabajadores de Bavaria se manifestó de diversas formas: laprincipal modalidad fue la huelga que sólo logró constituirse en una herramienta depresión a partir de 1925. La solidaridad fue la base de la participación en paros,mítines,

  18. Frecuencia de aislamientos microbiológicos y perfil de resistencia bacteriana en 13 clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad en Santiago de Cali - Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Buitrago, Ernesto; Hernández, Cristhian; Pallares, Cristhian; Pacheco, Robinson; Hurtado, Kelly; Recalde, Mónica

    2014-01-01

    Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana se consolida como una amenaza para los sistemas de salud en el manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas. La vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos regionales para el desarrollo de medidas de contención y gestión del uso adecuado de antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Describir los aislamientos microbiológicos y perfiles de resistencia a los ...

  19. El enfoque sistémico: aplicación al subsector de agua potable y alcantarillado (A.P.A.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge E. Triviño M.

    1987-09-01

    Full Text Available Al presentar en este documento una síntesis de los principios básicos del análisis de sistemas y su aplicación al sector de agua potable y saneamiento, se desea contribuir en forma práctica a la divulgación y aplicación de una ciencia relativamente joven que permite mejorar cada vez más las organizaciones y su administración, sin causar traumatismos ni ocasionar resistencias al cambio deseado, en beneficio de la salud del hombre.

  20. Análisis estadístico de la resistencia de tendones de puentes atirantados y estructuras similares

    OpenAIRE

    Ascorbe Salcedo, Agustín

    1983-01-01

    RESUMEN: En este trabajo se deduce, mediante un modelo teórico, la resistencia a fatiga de tendones de gran longitud en puentes atirantados a partir de la resistencia a fatiga de probetas de pequeño tamaño. Se introduce la hipótesis de dependencia de los diferentes tramos que componen el tendón mediante un modelo ARMA (p, q) de Box-Jenkins en la simulación. Se analiza la influencia de la ley de tensiones a lo largo del tendón y se estudia la rotura progresiva, tanto estática como a fatiga, pa...

  1. Efecto de una intervención ACT sobre la resistencia aeróbica y evitación experiencial en marchistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Clara Rodríguez Salazar

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar el efecto de la intervención en Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT sobre la resistencia aeróbica y conducta de evitación experiencial en un grupo de marchistas de Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño pretest-postest con grupo control. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diez marchistas de ambos sexos, con un promedio de edad de 16.70 y un rango entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, pertenecientes a la Liga de Atletismo de Bogotá. Se eligieron por conveniencia. Se emplearon como instrumentos de medición el test de los 3000 m y el Cuestionario de Aceptación Acción (AAQ. La intervención en ACT se realizó en cuatro sesiones en las que se desarrollaron los contenidos definidos por los autores de la intervención (Wilson y Luciano, 2002. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó estadística no paramétrica a través de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados señalan una mayor resistencia aeróbica en la prueba de los 3000 m en el postest del grupo experimental con respecto al grupo control, así como una mayoraceptación de los eventos internos negativos.

  2. Number and size of nucleoli in the spermatocytes of chicken and Japanese quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andraszek, Katarzyna; Gryzińska, Magdalena; Knaga, Sebastian; Wójcik, Ewa; Smalec, Elzbieta

    2012-01-01

    Nucleoli are the product of nucleolus organizing region activity (NOR) of specific chromosomes. Their basic function is to synthetise ribosomal RNA precursors and promote the maturation and assemblage of preribosomal RNP molecules. Information on rRNA-coding gene activity can be provided by the analysis of the number and size of nucleoli in the prophase of the first meiotic division. The morphology and ultrastructure of a nucleolus depends, among others, on the species and cell growth cycle as well as the physiological and pathological state of an organism. The purpose of this research was to determine the number and size of nucleoli in the spermatocytes of the domestic chicken and the Japanese quail. Diverse numbers and sizes of nucleoli in the cells of the analysed birds were observed. 1-4 nucleoli were identified in chicken cells (1.91 +/- 0.63 on average) and 1-2 in quail cells (1.13 +/- 0.33 on average). For the total of 957 nucleoli observed in Gallus cells, 329 were classified as large and 628 as small. In Coturnix cells, 563 nucleoli were identified (66 large and 497 small ones). An analysis of the numbers and sizes of nucleoli can be performed at the cytogenetic level and serve as an alternative source of information on rRNA encoding gene and nucleolus organising region (NOR) activities.

  3. Herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina var. Crystalliniformis en tomate Resistance hederabillty of Phoma andina var. Eristalliniformis in tomato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cortina Guerrero Hernando Alfonso

    1988-12-01

    Full Text Available Con el fin de estudiar la herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo crvstslliniformis en tomate Lyeopersieon esculentum Mill. derivada de la especie silvestre L. hirsutum se desarrolló la presente investigación durante los meses de mayo a septiembre de 1987 en el Centro Regional de Investigación "La Selva" del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (lCA, situado en Rionegro, Antioquia.
    Se estudiaron cuatro familias derivadas del cruzamiento de tres genotipos de L. hirsutum resistentes a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis y tres genotipos de L. esculentum
    susceptibles a Phoma. Las familias incluyeron los padres, la Fl, la F2, el retrocruzamiento al padre susceptible y el retrocruzamiento al padre resistente. El trabajo se realizó con un diseño de bloques al azar con tres replicaciones. Las
    plantas se evaluaron individualmente de acuerdo a una escala de 0-7, donde cero son plantas inmunes y siete plantas muertas. La evaluación se hizo, en alqunas familias, a los
    60 y, en otras, a los 80 días. Con los datos originales y con los datos transformados se estimaron los siguientes parámetros: 1. Componentes de media, usando el test de escala y el método de Cava" i, 2. Componentes de varianza por el método de Mather. 3. Heredabilidad en sentido amplio,
    usando la Fl como estimativo de la varianza ambiental y por el método de Mahmud y Kramer; heredabilidad en sentido
    estrecho, por el Método de Mather y por el de Warner, 4. Número de genes, usando los métodos de Castle, de Wright y de Mather. Se encontró que todas las familias tenían una varianza de dominancia cercana a cero y una baja varianza ambiental, lo cual resulta en una alta heredabilidad de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis, tanto
    en sentido amplio como estrecho. El número mínimo de genes que controlan la resistencia fue de 3 a 4. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se concluyó que era posible transferir, sin mayores

  4. Síndrome de resistencia a la insulina. estudio y manejo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Fernando Carrasco, Dr.

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El síndrome de resistencia a la insulina, actualmente más conocido como síndrome metabólico (SM, es una condición clínica de alta prevalencia en Chile. Por el mayor riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes asociado a esta condición, en la práctica clínica es relevante su detección precoz y manejo. La resistencia a la insulina (RI es una condición metabólica central en la etiopatogenia del SM y su diagnóstico puede efectuarse con mediciones de insulinemia y glicemia en ayuno o con la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa con curva de insulinemia. Existe acuerdo que los mejores resultados del manejo del SM y de la RI se logran con cambios en estilo de vida, incluyendo modificaciones en la dieta y en el patrón de actividad física junto con reducción en el peso y grasa corporal. Algunas terapias farmacológicas orientadas a mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina han sido recomendadas en consensos internacionales, especialmente en pacientes con elevado riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular o de diabetes tipo 2, cuando fracasan las terapias no farmacológicas.

  5. Effects of replacing maize meal with rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal on growth and egg production performance in Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Kanyinji

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing maize in quail diets with graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal (FCM on growth and egg production performances. Cassava meal (CM was mixed with dried manure of layer at 75 g/kg CM, which was mixed with freshly collected rumen filtrate (at 1 L/5 kg CM, and finally fermented in sealed bags for 14 days. It was then sun-dried and added in grower or finisher diets at 0, 50, 75 and 100%. Then, 84 three weeks-old Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica were divided into four equal groups; the birds were randomly assigned to 0, 50, 75 and 100% FCM grower/layers diets, and were reared until 56 days of age. Daily feed consumption, weekly body weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratios (FCR, hen-day, and egg weights were monitored. The quails fed with 75% FCM were found to be superior (p0.05 effect on feed intake, body weight, and weight gain, as compared to those of fed control diets. Thus, replacing maize with FCM had no deleterious effects on growth performance, but depressed hen-day. However, better growth performance was obtained when maize was replaced at 75% FCM.

  6. Efecto del conteo de nódulos en la resistencia al desgaste por abrasión de los hierros dúctiles austemperados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. J. Diez Cicero

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Entre los materiales metálicos de mayor demanda, la producción de hierro con grafito nodular, ocupa en la actualidad, uno de los lugares más importantes entre los hierros fundidos de alta resistencia, y con la introducción del tratamiento térmico de austemperado, aplicado a estas fundiciones, se da lugar a una nueva familia de materiales, caracterizados por su alta resistencia mecánica y elevada tenacidad, que mantienen la economía y facilidad de producción de las fundiciones nodulares.Este trabajo, hace una valoración del comportamiento de hierros nodulares, con diferentes conteos de nódulos, a los que les fue aplicado el tratamiento de austemperado, y posteriormente se les sometió a ensayos de desgaste abrasivo. Con los resultados obtenidos, se hace un análisis de la influencia del conteo de nódulos en dichas propiedades, así como también, de la interrelación del conteo de nódulos, con las variables de tratamiento térmico utilizadas en las muestras ensayadas.Between the metallic materials of greater demand, the iron production with nódular graphite occupies at the present time, one of the most important places between fused irons of high resistance, and with the introduction of the austemperado heat treatment of, applied to these smeltings, gives rise to a new family of materials, characterized by its high resistance mechanical and elevated tenacity, that the economy and facility of production of the smeltings maintain nodulares. This work, makes a valuation of the iron behavior nodulares, with different counts from nodules, to which the austemperado was applied treatment to them of, and later it was put under to them tests of abrasive wearing down. Of the obtained results, an analysis takes control of the influence of the count of nodules in these properties, as well as, of the interrelation of the count of nodules, with the used variables of heat treatment in the tried samples.

  7. Los trabajadores de Bavaria:entre la resistencia y la deferencia, 1889-1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Martínez Fonseca

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia de los trabajadores de Bavaria se manifestó de diversas formas: laprincipal modalidad fue la huelga que sólo logró constituirse en una herramienta depresión a partir de 1925. La solidaridad fue la base de la participación en paros,mítines,

  8. Kisspeptin-10 Enhanced Egg Production in Quails Associated with the Increase of Triglyceride Synthesis in Liver

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Wu

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Our previous results showed that kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10 injections via intraperitoneal (i.p. once daily for three weeks notably promoted the egg laying rate in quails. In order to investigate the mechanism behind the effects of Kp-10 on enhancing the egg laying rate in birds, this study focused on the alternations of lipids synthesis in liver after Kp-10 injections. 75 female quails (22 d of age were allocated to three groups randomly, and subjected to 0 (control, Con, 10 nmol (low dosage, L and 100 nmol (high dosage, H Kp-10 injections via i.p. once daily for three weeks, respectively. At d 52, quails were sacrificed and sampled for further analyses. Serum E2 concentration was increased by Kp-10 injections, and reached statistical significance in H group. Serum triglyceride (TG concentrations were increased by 46.7% in L group and 36.8% in H group, respectively, but did not reach statistical significance, and TG contents in liver were significantly elevated by Kp-10 injections in a dose-dependent manner. Serum total cholesterol (Tch concentrations significantly decreased in H group, while in H group the hepatic Tch content was markedly increased. The level of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA, apolipoprotein A1 and B (apoA1 and apoB were not altered by Kp-10 injections. The genes expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1, fatty acid synthetase (FAS, apolipoprotein VLDL-II (apoVLDL-II, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1 and vitellogenin II (VTG-II were significantly up-regulated by high but not low dosage of Kp-10 injection compared to the control group. However, the expression of SREBP-2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα, malic enzyme (ME, stearoyl-CoA (Δ9 desaturase 1 (SCD1, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2, 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductases (HMGCR, estrogen receptor α, β (ERα and β mRNA were not affected by Kp-10 treatment. In line with hepatic mRNA abundance, hepatic SREBP

  9. RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA: VERDADES Y CONTROVERSIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DR. Felipe Pollak C.

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a la insulina es una condición prevalente generalmente asociada a un estilo de vida no saludable. Se expresa en diferentes vías metabólicas y aumenta el riesgo de patologías de diferentes órganos y sistemas. Las manifestaciones clínicas son esenciales para el diagnóstico de la condición, no siendo necesario los test específicos de laboratorio. La reducción del sobrepeso y el estilo de vida saludable son las medidas terapéuticas más importantes, reservándose el uso de metformina a los casos con alto riesgo de desenlaces clínicos.

  10. El aborto en los países de la Subregión Andina: discursos, políticas y resistencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristian A. Venegas Ahumada

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación es interpretar el discurso hegemónico (icónicolingüístico de los Fundamentalismos Religiosos de Iglesia Católica y grupos ligados a ella, respecto al aborto, junto a las protestas realizadas por movimientos de ciudadanas y ciudadanos por la defensa de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos de las mujeres en países de la Subregión Andina. La metodología utiliza un análisis de discurso. En conclusión: El discurso y penalización del aborto es ideológico, dominación patriarcal que hace adoptar a las mujeres el aborto inseguro como resistencia paralegal, pudiendo enfermar o morir para obtener la libertad sobre su cuerpo, un derecho reproductivo.

  11. Depletion of primordial germ cells (PGCs) by X-irradiation to extraembryonic region of chicken embryos and expression of xenotransplanted quail PGCs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Atsumi, Y.; Yazawa, S.; Usui, F.; Nakamura, Y.; Yamamoto, Y.; Tagami, T.; Hiramatsu, K.; Kagami, H.; Ono, T.

    2009-01-01

    The generation of germline chimeras by the transfer of primordial germ cells (PGCs) requires incorporation of the PGCs of the donor into the gonadal tissue of the recipient embryo. We investigated the utility of soft x-irradiation with application of a lead (12 x 3 x 0.25 mm, - 0.1 g) shield to the embryo proper for the production of chicken-quail germline chimeras. Chicken embryos shielded during irradiation for 120s (- 7.2 Gy) at stages 13 to 17 showed a hatchability of 35% (106/301), whereas the hatchability of unshielded embryos was 26% (27/105). The relative population of gonadal PGCs at stage 30 for embryos irradiated at stage 13 with or without shielding was 13 and 5%, respectively, of the value for nonirradiated controls. Chicken embryos irradiated at stages 13 or 14 with or without shielding and transfused with quail embryonic blood containing PGCs each exhibited - 130 relative population of donor PGCs in the left gonad at stage 30. Xenotransplanted hatchlings exhibited donor-derived PGCs as detected by Southern hybridization and PCR. Exposure of chicken embryos to - 7.2 Gy of x-radiation at stage 13 with the application of a lead shield to the embryo proper is thus a feasible approach to depletion of endogenous germ cells and the production of chicken-quail germline chimeras

  12. Inhibition of lipolysis in the novel transgenic quail model overexpressing G0/G1 switch gene 2 in the adipose tissue during feed restriction.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sangsu Shin

    Full Text Available In addition to the issue of obesity in humans, the production of low-fat meat from domestic animals is important in the agricultural industry to satisfy consumer demand. Understanding the regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue could advance our knowledge to potentially solve both issues. Although the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2 was recently identified as an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL in vitro, its role in vivo has not been fully clarified. This study was conducted to investigate the role of G0S2 gene in vivo by using two independent transgenic quail lines during different energy conditions. Unexpectedly, G0S2 overexpression had a negligible effect on plasma NEFA concentration, fat cell size and fat pad weight under ad libitum feeding condition when adipose lipolytic activity is minimal. A two-week feed restriction in non-transgenic quail expectedly caused increased plasma NEFA concentration and dramatically reduced fat cell size and fat pad weight. Contrary, G0S2 overexpression under a feed restriction resulted in a significantly less elevation of plasma NEFA concentration and smaller reductions in fat pad weights and fat cell size compared to non-transgenic quail, demonstrating inhibition of lipolysis and resistance to loss of fat by G0S2. Excessive G0S2 inhibits lipolysis in vivo during active lipolytic conditions, such as food restriction and fasting, suggesting G0S2 as a potential target for treatment of obesity. In addition, transgenic quail are novel models for studying lipid metabolism and mechanisms of obesity.

  13. El Pop como expresión gráfica de la resistencia cultural catalana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Àngels Fortea Castillo

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available En los años sesenta, en Cataluña (España una de las formas de oposición pacífica contra la dictadura de Franco y sus directrices culturales fue la puesta en marcha de una renovada industria cultural. Como resultado se asistió a la aparición de una importante producción cultural en lengua catalana de gran calidad, al punto que el estilo Pop se convirtió, en el año 1968, en la expresión gráfica de la resistencia cultural. Las discográficas de nuevo cuño, fundadas en el momento en que la canción popular se convirtió en el mejor medio de difusión del catalán, fueron las primeras en aplicar los rasgos del Pop, de clara influencia norteamericana, evolucionando con el tiempo hacia una versión autóctona que recuperó la tradición gráfica de Cataluña.

  14. Resistencias al cambio en la Universidad de Salamanca, en tiempos de Felipe IV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teodoro MARTÍN MARTÍN

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Realizando una labor de investigación en la Biblioteca del Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial me encontré con un códice encuadernado en pergamino que, con el título en el lomo de «Allegatio iuris», encerraba un documento de enorme interés.El mismo lleva por título: «Los Cuatro Colegios Mayores de la Universidad de Salamanca, obedientes al nuevo orden que el Consejo han dado en la provisión de las Cátedras, y para su más suave ejecución, suplican a V. Magestad vea estos apuntamientos».Se trata, pues, de una alegación que los Colegios Mayores de Salamanca elevan al Rey Felipe IV tras la reforma de las oposiciones a cátedra llevada a cabo en su reinado. La referida alegación me va a servir para abordar el estudio de dos temas: uno conceptual, en torno al significado y «reducción» del concepto de apuntamiento; el otro de política educativa, al referirme a la citada reforma del siglo XVII.Estos son, pues, los aspectos que voy analizar: de un lado, la evolución del concepto.de apuntamiento como vocablo histórico; de otro, la reforma educativa del Conde Duque y el porqué de su «fracaso».

  15. Resistencia a la Hormona Tiroidea en dos familias colombianas. Identificación y caracterización de mutaciones en el receptor beta de la Hormona Tiroidea.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola Durán

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a la hormona tiroidea es un desorden genético autosómico dominante que afecta a 1 de cada 40,000 nacidos. Se caracteriza por una respuesta reducida de los tejidos blandos a la hormona tiroidea con incremento de niveles de tiroxina y de triyodotironina, sin inhibición de la hormona tirotropa, como consecuencia de mutaciones presentes en el receptor beta de la hormona tiroidea, particularmente en el dominio de unión a la hormona. El fenotipo clínico varía entre diferentes familias e incluso entre miembros de la misma familia. Generalmente, los individuos con Resistencia a la Hormona Tiroidea pueden presentarla de una manera variable en diferentes tejidos, debido a síntomas heterogéneos de hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismo. Los síntomas más comunes son bocio, taquicardia, déficit de atención, alteraciones auditivas y retraso en el crecimiento óseo. Pacientes y Métodos. En este estudio se caracterizaron clínica y molecularmente dos familias colombianas con Resistencia a la Hormona Tiroidea mediante análisis clínicos y genéticos, utilizando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenciación del gen del receptor beta de la tiroxina (TRβ. Resultados. Se identificó una nueva mutación no sinónima en el exón 8 del gen TRβ, la cual lleva al cambio de una valina por una leucina en el codón 264 (V264L. También, se identificó una mutación de novo en el exón 10 del gen TRβ que consiste en una deleción de una citosina en el nucleótido 1609 que lleva a un cambio en el marco de lectura y finalmente a un codón de parada en la posición 442 (1609delC. Conclusiones. En Colombia, no existen mutaciones reportadas hasta el momento asociadas a Resistencia a la Hormona Tiroidea. Es de resaltar que las mutaciones encontradas en Colombia son únicas de nuestro país, lo cual debe tenerse en cuenta para una correcta asesoría genética.

  16. Modelo para el cálculo de la resistencia del suelo a la penetración de sondas. Parte I: sondas cónicas

    OpenAIRE

    Ernesto Ramos Carbajal; Arturo Martínez Rodríguez; Armando García de la Figal Costales

    2014-01-01

    La sonda de punta cónica constituye la base de comparación para el diseño de cualquier otro tipo de sonda. Un modelo teórico conceptual de la interacción con el suelo de una sonda de punta cónica destinada al sensoramiento de la resistencia a la penetración del suelo, se expone en el presente trabajo. El modelo, elaborado a partir de un análisis cuasi-estático del sistema de fuerzas que actúa sobre la sonda, tiene en cuenta las dimensiones y forma geométrica del cono, así como propiedades fís...

  17. La actividad peroxidasa en caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp): evolución temporal de la reacción y su posible rol en la resistencia a la roya marrón (Puccinia melanocephala, H&P

    OpenAIRE

    MACHADO ASSEFH, C.R; COLLAVINO, N.G; DAZ, M; POCOVÍ, M; MARIOTTI, J.

    2013-01-01

    La roya marrón de la caña de azúcar, causada por Puccinia melanocephala, es una enfermedad foliar de preocupación en casi todos los países donde se cultiva la caña de azúcar. Los programas de mejoramiento del cultivo se encuentran en la búsqueda de fuentes de resistencia de la planta al patógeno.

  18. Uso controlado de antibióticos ayuda en la disminución de la resistencia bacteriana en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad (2004-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Darío Camargo Rubio

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available El uso excesivo o indiscriminado de antibióticos va de la mano con la aparición de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivo: Confirmar si el control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos contribuye a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal, del control de la prescripción diaria de antibióticos. Durante los años 2004 a 2007 (primer periodo y 2008 a 2011 (segundo periodo. Diariamente se evaluó la prescripción de antibióticos de control institucional y se compararon semestralmente cada año sus resultados, con el reporte de resistencia en bacterias bajo vigilancia epidemiológica. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos con el control diario de las prescripciones de antibióticos durante el estudio evidencian que controlar antibióticos ayuda a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana, en el periodo 2004-2007. La falta de adherencia a las políticas institucionales de control de las prescripciones de antibióticos, evidenció en el estudio aumento de la resistencia bacteriana, en el periodo 2008-2010. Comentario: Controlar institucionalmente antibióticos contribuye a disminuir la resistencia bacteriana o aumentarla sino se controlan.

  19. Production of Al2O3–SiC nano-composites by spark plasma sintering; Producción de nano-composites – SiC–Al2O3 por spark plasma sinterizado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mansour Razavi; Ali Reza Farajipour; Mohammad Zakeri; Mohammad Reza Rahimipour; Ali Reza Firouzbakht

    2017-11-01

    In this paper, Al2O3–SiC composites were produced by SPS at temperatures of 1600°C for 10min under vacuum atmosphere. For preparing samples, Al2O3 with the second phase including of micro and nano-sized SiC powder were milled for 5h. The milled powders were sintered in a SPS machine. After sintering process, phase studies, densification and mechanical properties of Al2O3–SiC composites were examined. Results showed that the specimens containing micro-sized SiC have an important effect on bulk density, hardness and strength. The highest relative density, hardness and strength were 99.7%, 324.6 HV and 2329MPa, respectively, in Al2O3–20wt% SiCmicro composite. Due to short time sintering, the growth was limited and grains still remained in nano-meter scale. [Spanish] En este trabajo se muestran compuestos de Al2O3-SiC producidos por SPS, en vacío, a 1.600 °C durante 10 min. Para la preparación de muestras, se molieron polvos de Al2O3 durante 5 h con la segunda fase de micro-y-nano polvo de SiC. Posteriormente, estos polvos molidos se sinterizaron mediante SPS. Después del proceso de sinterización, se realizaron estudios de fase, densificación y propiedades mecánicas de los compuestos de Al2O3-SiC obtenidos. Los resultados mostraron que micro-SiC en las muestras tiene un efecto importante en su densidad aparente, dureza y resistencia. La mayor densidad relativa, dureza y resistencia fueron respectivamente del 99,7%, 324,6 HV y 2.329 MPa para Al2O3 con un 20% en peso micro-SiC. Debido al corto tiempo de sinterización, el crecimiento los granos fue limitado y se mantuvieron en escala nanométrica.

  20. Iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica. (III Canto en carrera: funciones y asignaciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio D. Galera

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available El autor presenta un conjunto de factores didácticos sistemáticos para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica, centrándose en métodos aplicables a la realidad escolar desde una perspectiva sostenible. La doctrina en que se sustenta fue desarrollada por el autor como resultado de su experiencia con un grupo de niños y niñas que participaron en un programa escolar de educación física cooperativa, uno de cuyos contenidos maestros era el desarrollo de la resistencia aeróbica. Los criterios de aplicación didáctica están contemplados desde el ámbito escolar, de primaria o de secundaria, si bien pueden adaptarse a otros ámbitos, como el entrenamiento a cualquier edad, actividades de tiempo libre, etc. El autor concluye su exposición doctrinal y presenta repertorios de cantos escolares aplicables a su propuesta de interrelación disciplinar entre educación física y educación musical para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica desde una perspectiva sostenible.

  1. Colonización nasofaríngea y resistencia antimicrobiana de Streptococcus pneumoniae en niños de una guardería en Santa Fe de Bogotá.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    lngrid J. Peñuela

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available Streptococcus pneumoniae es el principal agente etiológico bacteriano de infección respiratoria aguda en niños. Esta bacteria coloniza la nasofaringe desde el momento del nacimiento, y el hombre se constituye, así, en el reseworio de la infección. La atención mundial se centra actualmente en la propagación de los aislamientos de S. pneumoniae resistentes a los antimicrobianos. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de establecer, mediante un seguimiento de seis meses, el porcentaje de colonización por Spneumoniae en un grupo de 20 niños menores de 2 años que asistían a una guardería, así como la distribución de los tipos capsulares de los aislamientos recuperados y los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Se obtuvieron 98 muestras nasofaríngeas con las que se estableció un porcentaje global de colonización por S. pneumoniae de 69%. Todos los niños fueron colonizados, por lo menos una vez durante el tiempo de estudio. Los serotipos más frecuentes fueron: 23F (41%, 19F (26%, 6A (10% y 10A (6% y la susceptibilidad disminuida a la penicilina (SDP se estableció en 53%. La resistencia global al trimetoprimsulfametoxazol (TMS fue de 68%, al cloranfenicol de 43% y a la eritromicina de 3%. Los porcentajes de resistencia presentaron variaciones durante los meses de estudio. El 42% de los aislamientos fue multirresistente y el patrón predominante fue la asociación penicilina, TMS y cloranfenicol. Los serotipos con SDP fueron 23F (72%, 19F (1 1%, 23A (8%, 6A (6% y 15 (3%. En la guardería en estudio, los datos obtenidos señalan el alto porcentaje de circulación de aislamientos con resistencia antimicrobiana, lo que constituye un factor de riesgo para su diseminación en la comunidad; también destacan la importancia de implementar un sistema de vigilancia con portadores, lo que permite monitorizar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de este patógeno.

  2. Susceptibilidad y resistencia de Triatoma infestans y Panstrongylus herreri a los insecticidas piretroides, Perú 2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Yon F

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron los niveles de susceptibilidad de triatominos a piretroides con la técnica de la OMS, usando papeles impregnados al 0,1% de ingrediente activo de los siguientes insecticidas: alfacipermetrina, betaciflutrina, ciflutrina, cipermetrina y deltametrina, se emplearon lotes de triatominos de los estadios ninfa V y adultos de Triatoma infestans y Panstrongylus herreri. Se registraron los porcentajes de mortalidad después de las 24 horas de exposición a papeles impregnados con insecticidas, observando que la mayor parte de la población de triatominos de ambas especies era sensibles a los insecticidas. Sólo en algunos casos, se hallaron los niveles de resistencia en los estadios de ninfa V en la especie P. herreri en 2 localidades de la provincia de Jaén, departamento de Cajamarca, asimismo en adultos y ninfas V de T. infestans en especímenes capturados en el valle de Vítor, departamento de Arequipa.

  3. ELISA indireto para detecção de IgG antivírus da doença de Newcastle em soro de codorna Indirect ELISA for the detection of IgG specific to Newcastle disease virus in quail serum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.D. Oliveira

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available An indirect ELISA for the detection of japanese quail IgG specific to Newcastle disease virus (NDV was developed. The secondary anti-quail IgG was produced in Balb/c mice, by inoculating Freund's complete adjuvant emulsified japanese quail-IgG extract. The purification of IgG was achieved using the caprilic acid method. The ELISA was compared to the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI test for antibodies to NDV. ELISA cut-off point was established through TG-ROC analysis. Total correlation was observed between the ELISA and the HI, being the ELISA efficient in the identification of positive and negative sera, with high sensitivity and specificity (100%. These results validate the use of the indirect ELISA as an alternative for the detection of NDV-specific IgG in japanese quail sera, with the advantage of high sensitivity and automation.

  4. Selección de materiales para la fabricación de hormigones de alta resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alaejos Gutiérrez, María Pilar

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available The selection of component materials is the first step in order to reach a good quality concrete. The Spanish Code EH-91 point out the different requisites for the component materials used in a normal concrete. However, these requisites may be not sufficient for a high strength concrete (HSC. In this paper we present the tests carried out in order to establish a system for selecting the component materials for a HSC, such us: cements, aggregates, admixtures. The results of the tests allow by means of normal laboratory tests to know the suitability of these materials used for making HCS. The requirements for these component materials must be higher when higher are the strengths to be reached. The exposed method allow us to save a lot of previous laboratory tests necessary until now, in order to get a high strength concrete.

    La selección previa de materiales constituyentes es el primer paso para conseguir un hormigón de calidad. La normativa española EH-91 establece diferentes requisitos que deben cumplir estos materiales para la fabricación de hormigones normales. Sin embargo, estos requisitos pueden no ser suficientes si se trata de fabricar un hormigón de alta resistencia. En el artículo se muestran ensayos realizados con hormigones de alta resistencia, que han permitido establecer una sistemática de selección de materiales constituyentes para estos hormigones: Cementos, áridos y aditivos. Los resultados permiten, mediante ensayos habituales de Laboratorio, conocer la potencial aptitud de estos materiales para la fabricación de hormigones de alta resistencia. Las exigencias deben ser mayores cuanto mayores sean las resistencias que se quieran alcanzar. La metodología expuesta permite ahorrar muchos ensayos previos de Laboratorio que hasta el momento deben realizarse, cuando se quiere conseguir un hormigón de estas características.

  5. Relevance of the Physicochemical Properties of Calcined Quail Eggshell (CaO as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Marques Correia

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The CaO solid derived from natural quail eggshell was calcined and employed as catalyst to produce biodiesel via transesterification of sunflower oil. The natural quail eggshell was calcined at 900°C for 3 h, in order to modify the calcium carbonate present in its structure in CaO, the activity phase of the catalyst. Both precursor and catalyst were characterized using Hammett indicators method, X-ray fluorescence (XRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption at −196°C, and distribution particle size. The maximum biodiesel production was of 99.00 ± 0.02 wt.% obtained in the following transesterification reaction conditions: XMR (sunflower oil/methanol molar ratio of 1 : 10.5 mol : mol, XCAT (catalyst loading of 2 wt.%, XTIME (reaction time of 2 h, stirring rate of 1000 rpm, and temperature of 60°C.

  6. Effect of shed rooftype and babassu pie on the productive characteristics of meat quails

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordane de Oliveira Borges

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available We aimed to evaluate the effects of shed roof(SR typeand the inclusion of babassu pie (BP in rations on the productive characteristics ofmeat quailsfrom days 14 to 28 and days14 to 40. We studied 896 meatquails. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, using four types of shedroofs (fiber cement, ceramic, straw, and painted fiber cement and four rations (with 0, 5, 10, and 15% inclusion of babassu pie. The performance variables evaluated from 14 to 28 and 14 to 40 days included food intake (FI, g/bird, mean weight gain (WG, g/bird, food conversion (FC, g/g, mean live weight on day 28 (MW28, g/bird, mean live weight on day 40 (MW40, g/bird, and energy efficiency (EF; g Mcal. After slautherthe birds on day 40, we measured the carcass weight (CW and the carcass yield (CY, %, obtained for the breast (BY, legs (LGY, and wings (WINGY. We also obtained the relative weight of the heart (HRW, liver (LRW, gizzard (GRW, and intestine (IRW. To compare the economic efficiency between the experimental rations, we analyzed the cost of ration per kg of carcass (CC and determined the gross margin (GM. Between day 14 and day 28, we found that the use of SR influenced the FI28, WG28, and the MW28 of the quails (p 0.05, but it linearly improved WG28, FC28, MW28, and EF28. Between days 14 and 40, we found that SR influenced the WG40, FC40, MW40, and EF40 of the quails (p < 0.05 and that a BP increased the FI40, WG40, and MW40 in a quadratic manner. SR and BP did not affect the CW, BY, WINGY, LGY, HRW, LRW,or IRW. However, BP influenced MGRW, which increased linearly with the inclusion of BP. We concluded that a ceramic roof provides better environmental conditions than do other shed roofs. The inclusion of BP improved the performance characteristics, and it was technically feasible to include up to 15% BP in the rations of meat quails. Based on the current cost analysis, however, the inclusion of BP is economically

  7. Incidence, species and antimicrobial resistance of naturally occurring Campylobacter isolates from quail carcasses sampled in a commercial processing facility

    Science.gov (United States)

    Most of the published information about the presence of Campylobacter on processed poultry is from studies with chickens and turkeys; therefore there is a paucity of published material about the presence of Campylobacter on commercially processed quail (Coturnix coturnix). The objective of this stud...

  8. Resistencia a los repilos de distintas variedades de olivo

    OpenAIRE

    Trapero Casas, Antonio; López Doncel, Luis Miguel; Oliveira, R.; Gutiérrez, F.; Navarro, N.; Alsalimiya, Mohammed; Benali, A.; Ávila de La Calle, A.; Bouhmidi, K.; Moral, J.; Roca, L.F.

    2005-01-01

    El repilo, la antracnosis y el emplomado son tres enfermedades conocidas comúnmente con el término repilos. Actualmente estos repilos causan en España más del 10% de las pérdidas de la cosecha y un deterioro notable de la calidad del aceite. Por ello, el estudio de las distintas variedades de olivo presentes en el mundo en cuanto a resistencia/susceptibilidad a estas enfermedades y la obtención de nuevas variedades resistentes sigue siendo un objetivo prioritario entre los investigadores en e...

  9. Propuestas para el entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y resistencia

    OpenAIRE

    López de Viñaspre, Pablo; Comellas, Josep

    2000-01-01

    Muchas especialidades deportivas requieren de un buen nivel de entrenamiento tanto en la capacidad de fuerza como en la de resistencia. Por este motivo, se incluye el entrenamiento combinado de estas dos cualidades en el programa de entrenamiento de muchos deportistas. Por otro lado, en el deporte recreativo, el concepto del Fitness es ya común entre la mayoría de la población y va tomando cada vez más importancia. Actualmente se busca el bienestar global (tendencia del Wellness) a través de ...

  10. Performance of japanese quails fed feeds containing different corn and limestone particle sizes

    OpenAIRE

    Berto,DA; Garcia,EA; Móri,C; Faitarone,ABG; Pelícia,K; Molino,AB

    2007-01-01

    This study aimed at evaluating performance and egg quality of Japanese quails fed feeds containing different corn and limestone particle sizes. A total number of 648 birds in the peak of production was distributed in a random complete block experimental design, using a 2x3 factorial arrangement (2 corn particle sizes and 3 limestone particle sizes). Birds were designated to one of two blocks, with six replicates of 18 birds each. Mean geometric diameter (MGD) values used were 0.617mm and 0.72...

  11. Autoradiographic study on the distribution of mercury and its transfer to the egg in the laying quail

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nishimura, M; Urakawa, N; Ikeda, M

    1971-01-01

    Autoradiographic and tracer techniques were employed to investigate the distribution and movement of radiomercury in the form of /sup 203/Hg-nitrate, and its transfer to eggs in laying quails. After injection, the radiomercury tended to concentrate in the kidneys and ova, plateauing about 12 hours after injection. Within the egg, the mercury concentrated in the yolk.

  12. RADIOIODINATION OF OCHRATOXIN TO STUDY THE ROLE OF YEAST IN COUNTERACTING ITS EFFECT ON JAPANESE QUAIL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ABU TALEB, A.M.; EL-BARKOUKY, E.E.; AYYOUB, S.M.; EL-KOLALY, M.T.

    2007-01-01

    The radioiodination of ochratoxin using iodogen as an oxidizing agent was studied. The factors affecting the radioiodination yield, such as reaction time, concentration of substrate and oxidizing agent, pH, stability of iodogen coated tubes have been investigated. Separation and purification of the labelled product using thin layer chromatography and gel chromatography on sephadex G-25 column were described.A total number of 80 quail chicks at eight weeks age were divided into two groups 40 birds each. The first group (control) feed basal diet and the second group was supplemented with 0.5% active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in basal diet. All groups were given orally labelled ochratoxin. After 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours from oral feeding, the quails (5 birds from every group) were slaughtered and blood samples were collected when slaughtering. The organs; liver, heart, spleen lung, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine content, kidney, testis, ovary, oviduct, breast and thigh, were removed and weighed individually and their weights related to body weight have been calculated. Also, manure and eggs were collected. The radioactivity levels in the second group that supplemented yeast in diet was lower than the first group (control) except manure

  13. Interactions between aromatase (estrogen synthase) and dopamine in the control of male sexual behavior in quail.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balthazart, Jacques; Baillien, Michelle; Ball, Gregory F

    2002-05-01

    In male quail, like in other vertebrates including rodents, testosterone acting especially through its estrogenic metabolites is necessary for the activation of male sexual behavior. Also, the administration of dopamine agonists and antagonists profoundly influences male sexual behavior. How the steroid-sensitive neural network and dopamine interact physiologically, remains largely unknown. It is often implicitly assumed that testosterone or its metabolite estradiol, stimulates male sexual behavior via the modification of dopaminergic transmission. We have now identified in quail two possible ways in which dopamine could potentially affect sexual behavior by modulating the aromatization of testosterone into an estrogen. One is a long-acting mechanism that presumably involves the modification of dopaminergic transmission followed by the alteration of the genomic expression of aromatase. The other is a more rapid mechanism that does not appear to be dopamine receptor-mediated and may involve a direct interaction of dopamine with aromatase (possibly via substrate competition). We review here the experimental data supporting the existence of these controls of aromatase activity by dopamine and discuss the possible contribution of these controls to the activation of male sexual behavior.

  14. Effect of Adding Different Vegetable Oils to Quail Diets On Some Blood Parameters and Immune System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu Taleb, A.M.; Wakwak, M.; Sabek, E.M.; Elaroussi, M.A.; El-Gendy, H.M.; Hammad, M.R.

    2007-01-01

    A total number of 1400 one-day old Japanese quail birds were used in this study, the birds were divided into seven equal groups, six treated while the 7 t h served as the control. The diet of the six treated groups was supplemented with 8 % of either one of the following tested oils: soybean (SBO), sunflower (SFO), corn (CO), cottonseed (CSO), olive (OO) or palm (PO). At the end of the 4 t hand 8 t h weeks of age blood samples were collected for blood picture, proteins and cortisol determination. Antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and NewCastle disease virus (NDV) were determined at 7 and 8 weeks of age respectively. The results showed significant increase in relative lymphoid organ weights, RBCs, WBCs, Hb and PCV, total protein, globulin and cortisol hormone in treated groups compared to the control. The immunological parameters showed a significant increase in (HA) and (HI) against (SRBCs) and (NDV), respectively, in all treated groups compared to the control group. The present results confirm the beneficial effects of dietary oil supplementation to quail birds and in particular olive oil.

  15. Evidence of expanded host range and mammalian-associated genetic changes in a duck H9N2 influenza virus following adaptation in quail and chickens.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Md Jaber Hossain

    Full Text Available H9N2 avian influenza viruses continue to circulate worldwide; in Asia, H9N2 viruses have caused disease outbreaks and established lineages in land-based poultry. Some H9N2 strains are considered potentially pandemic because they have infected humans causing mild respiratory disease. In addition, some of these H9N2 strains replicate efficiently in mice without prior adaptation suggesting that H9N2 strains are expanding their host range. In order to understand the molecular basis of the interspecies transmission of H9N2 viruses, we adapted in the laboratory a wildtype duck H9N2 virus, influenza A/duck/Hong Kong/702/79 (WT702 virus, in quail and chickens through serial lung passages. We carried out comparative analysis of the replication and transmission in quail and chickens of WT702 and the viruses obtained after 23 serial passages in quail (QA23 followed by 10 serial passages in chickens (QA23CkA10. Although the WT702 virus can replicate and transmit in quail, it replicates poorly and does not transmit in chickens. In contrast, the QA23CkA10 virus was very efficient at replicating and transmitting in quail and chickens. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the QA23 and QA23CkA10 viruses compared to the WT702 virus indicated several nucleotide substitutions resulting in amino acid changes within the surface and internal proteins. In addition, a 21-amino acid deletion was found in the stalk of the NA protein of the QA23 virus and was maintained without further modification in the QA23CkA10 adapted virus. More importantly, both the QA23 and the QA23CkA10 viruses, unlike the WT702 virus, were able to readily infect mice, produce a large-plaque phenotype, showed faster replication kinetics in tissue culture, and resulted in the quick selection of the K627 amino acid mammalian-associated signature in PB2. These results are in agreement with the notion that adaptation of H9 viruses to land-based birds can lead to strains with expanded host range.

  16. Effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on egg production, serum metabolites, and egg yolk mineral and cholesterol concentrations in heat-distressed laying quails.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sahin, K; Onderci, M; Sahin, N; Gursu, M F; Vijaya, J; Kucuk, O

    2004-11-01

    Chromium picolinate is used in the poultry diet because of its antistress effects in addition to the fact that the requirement for it is increased during stress. This study was conducted to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on egg production, egg quality, antioxidant status, and cholesterol and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by combination of chromium picolinate and biotin (0.6/2.0; Diachrome, as formulated by Nutrition 21 Inc.), in laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica). Quails (n= 240; 50 d old) were divided into 8 groups, 30 birds per group. The quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, or 8 mg of Diachrome/kg diet. Birds were kept at 22 degrees C and 53% relative humidity (RH). At 14 wk of age, the thermoneutral (TN) group remained in the same temperature as at the beginning of experiment, whereas the heat stress (HS) group was kept in an environment-controlled room (34 degrees C and 41% RH) for 3 wk. Heat exposure decreased performance when the basal diet was fed (p = 0.001). Diachrome supplementation at 4 and 8 mg/kg diet, increased feed intake (p = 0.05), egg production (p = 0.05), feed efficiency (p = 0.01), egg weight (p = 0.05), and Haugh unit (p = 0.01) in quails reared under heat stress conditions. Heat exposure increased concentrations of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), glucose, and cholesterol (p = 0.01), which were elevated by supplemental Diachrome (p < or = 0.05). Egg yolk Cr, Zn, and Fe (p = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly, whereas MDA and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p = 0.05) as dietary Diachrome supplementation increased in HS groups. Similar effects of supplementation on serum levels of glucose and cholesterol (p = 0.05) and egg yolk concentrations of cholesterol (p = 0.05) and Cr (p = 0.01) were observed in TN groups. No significant differences in other values were observed in the TN groups. Results of the

  17. Escherichia coli con resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos en granjas de producción porcina de la República Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Moredo, Fabiana Alicia; Colello, Rocío; Sanz, Marcelo Eduardo; Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro; Carriquiriborde, Martin; Etcheverría, Analía Inés; Perfumo, Carlos Juan; Padola, Nora Lía; Leotta, Gerardo Anibal

    2016-01-01

    Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: i) monitorear la resistencia de E. coli frente a diversos antimicrobianos frecuentemente utilizados con fines terapéuticos y profilácticos en explotaciones porcinas; ii) aislar y caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente E. coli toxigénicos provenientes de cerdos con diarrea pre y posdestete; iii) determinar la presencia de integrones clase 1 y 2 como posible mecanismo de diseminación de resistencia. Se procesaron 216 hisopados rectales de cerdos clí...

  18. ¿Es la resistencia de Mycobacterium leprae a los medicamentos un verdadero motivo de preocupación? Primera aproximación a la vigilancia molecular de pacientes colombianos multibacilares con tratamiento previo para lepra y sin él

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Inírida Guerrero

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Colombia no dispone de información sobre farmacorresistencia primaria y secundaria de Mycobacterium leprae al esquema de terapia múltiple de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS y las autoridades de salud pública del mundo han emitido varias recomendaciones, entre las cuales está organizar de inmediato la vigilancia a la resistencia empleando métodos moleculares simples. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la resistencia de M. leprae a rifampicina, ofloxacina y dapsona en pacientes del Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta con tratamiento previo y sin él durante el período de 1985 a 2004. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo. Mediante muestreo electivo se incluyeron biopsias de pacientes multibacilares: 381 de pacientes nuevos y 560 de pacientes previamente tratados. Se obtuvieron con micrótomo seis cortes de cada biopsia de piel incluida en parafina, y se realizó la extracción de ADN de M. leprae. Se llevó a cabo la amplificación de tres blancos moleculares mediante PCR y se obtuvieron los patrones de resistencia a los medicamentos dapsona, rifampicina y ofloxacina por hibridación inversa. Se recolectaron datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y demográficos para llevar a cabo los análisis. Resultados. De las 941 muestras estudiadas, 4,14 % era resistente a uno o más fármacos, y se detectaron 5,77 y 3,04 % con genotipos resistentes en pacientes nuevos y previamente tratados, respectivamente. La resistencia total para cada fármaco fue de 0,43 % a dapsona, 3,19 % a rifampicina y 1,17 % a ofloxacina. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para rifampicina y para la población total al comparar los resultados de los pacientes no tratados con los de los pacientes tratados previamente. Dos tercios de las muestras resistentes lo fueron a rifampicina sola o combinada. Conclusiones. Los esquemas de terapia múltiple estándar siguen siendo efectivos para los casos de

  19. The Effect of Calcium and Available Phosphorus Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Bone Characteristics of Japanese Quails at End of the Egg-Production Phase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CLN Ribeiro

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca and available phosphorus (avP requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg, totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI; egg production (EP; marketable egg production (MEP; egg weight (EW; egg mass (EM; feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM; feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD; livability (L; yolk weight (YW, albumen weight (AW, eggshell weight (SW; yolk percentage (YP, albumen percentage (AP, eggshell percentage (SP, specific egg weight (SEW; bone calcium percentage (BCa, bone phosphorus percentage (BP, bone ash weight (Bash and bone ash percentage (PBash. There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.

  20. Effects of dietary symbiotic supplementation on growth performance and duodenum histology of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica reared in different flooring systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isa Coskun

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and duodenum histological parameters of quail reared in different flooring systems. A total of 160 mixed-sex healthy quail (47±0.32 g aged 14 days were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with four replicates, each including five males and five females. Two flooring systems (wire floor as control and wood shavings bedding and two dietary treatments (symbiotic supplementation and no supplementation were tested. Birds were transferred to four-tier cages for the trial. Each kilogram of the commercial diet included 224 g crude protein and 3,080 kcal metabolizable energy. The experiment lasted 21 days. Daily weight gain and gastrointestinal tract weight were statistically higher in the wood shavings and wood shavings + symbiotic-supplemented groups than in control group. Villi length was higher in the wood shavings + symbiotic and symbiotic-supplemented groups than in control and wood shavings groups. The wood shavings groups had longer villi than control group. Villi width was higher in wood shaving + symbiotic-supplemented groups compared with the other treatment groups. The litter system of wood shavings and symbiotic supplementation provide better growth performance to quail by developing their duodenum histomorphological parameters and digestive tract.

  1. Effect of boiled oil as dietary supplements for Japanese Quail on serum protein fractions and intestinal and hepatic cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faramawy, A.A.; Soliman, S.M.; Fahmy, Y.M.O.

    2006-01-01

    This study was designed to examine the levels of serum protein fractions and testosterone, in addition to histopathological changes of small intestine and liver of Japanese quail following feeding with diets containing different concentrations of boiled oil (BO). Male Japanese quails (n=120), arranged into four groups each of three replicates, were supplemented with BO at 1%, 2% and 4% at the expense of 4% cotton seed oil (CSO). At the end of the experiment (10 weeks), three birds from each replicate were slaughtered and serum, small intestine and liver were collected for the determination of total testosterone, total protein, albumin and globulin fractions and fat studying the histology of small intestine and liver. The data revealed that feeding with BO led to decrease of total proteins and β-globulins in addition to cellular damages of small intestine and liver. This effect was increased with increasing the BO concentration in the diet

  2. The effect of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) treatment on the plasma levels of iodothyronines in growing Japanese quails

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niezgoda, J.; Wronska-Fortuna, D.; Sechman, A.; Bobek, S.; Sowa, J.

    1994-01-01

    It has been established that 3.3',5-triiodothyronine (T 3 ) acts hipermetabolically, whereas 3'3.5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T 3 , rT 3 ) acts hypometabolically. The normal ratio of T 3 to rT 3 in domestic flows fluctuates around 10. Since the excess of T 3 may promote catabolic processes and lower weight gain, the aim of this experiment was to find the optimal ratio of T 3 :rT 3 in blood plasma which corresponds with the greatest weight gain in Japanese quail. Reverse T 3 was given in drinking water (1 μg rT 3 /ml) for 3, 10, 20 or 30 days. It has been found that T 3 /rT 3 ratio of about 5, after 20 days of rT 3 administration, stimulated the weight gain of Japanese quail of both sexes from 7 to 44% with more pronounced effect in female birds. (author). 26 refs, 4 figs, 1 tab

  3. Avances en la selección de fuentes de resistencia a las principales enfermedades del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L. en Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos M. Araya

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se evaluaron diversos genotipos de frijol en la búsqueda de fuentes de resistencia a la antracnosis (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum y a la mancha angular (Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Se evaluó germoplasma del programa nacional de hibridaciones y de tres viveros internacionales distribuidos por el CIAT: VIFURE, VIPADOGEN y CORE COLLECTION. Los ensayos se establecieron en Puriscal (1017 msnm, Alajuela (814 msnm y Fraijanes (1650 msnm, durante los ciclos agrícolas 97-98 y 98-99. Los materiales se sembraron en parcelas de un surco de dos a seis metros de largo con una o dos repeticiones y manejo con mínimos insumos. Se evaluó la reacción a la infección natural por antracnosis y mancha angular a las seis y ocho semanas después de la siembra, con base en la escala de severidad de uno a nueve. Se seleccionaron materiales con reacción de uno hasta grado tres para antracnosis y de uno hasta grado cuatro para mancha angular. Del grupo de materiales provenientes del programa de hibridaciones se seleccionaron nueve líneas por su resistencia a ambos patógenos. Posteriormente, sólo cinco mostraron resistencia específica a antracnosis y dos a mancha angular. De los viveros distribuidos por el CIAT, el VIPADOGEN aportó dos líneas que mostraron resistencia combinada a las dos enfermedades, mientras que 25 fueron resistentes exclusivamente a antracnosis, además de mostrar tolerancia a baja fertilidad o a sequía. Del vivero CORE COLLECTION, sólo 26 líneas mostraron resistencia combinada; 82 líneas fueron resistentes a antracnosis y 12 a mancha angular. Las mejores fuentes de resistencia a antracnosis y mancha angular estarán disponibles en un vivero internacional

  4. La actividad peroxidasa en caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp: evolución temporal de la reacción y su posible rol en la resistencia a la roya marrón (Puccinia melanocephala, H&P

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MACHADO ASSEFH, C.R

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available La roya marrón de la caña de azúcar, causada por Puccinia melanocephala, es una enfermedad foliar de preocupación en casi todos los países donde se cultiva la caña de azúcar. Los programas de mejoramiento del cultivo se encuentran en la búsqueda de fuentes de resistencia de la planta al patógeno.

  5. Distribution of nanomole quantities of 235U in young and adult Japanese quail and in the F1 generation. Comparison with 153Gd

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robinson, G.A.

    1988-01-01

    Enriched uranium, 93.16% for 235 U, served as a tracer of uranium deposition in an avian species, the Japanese quail. A second label, 153 Gd, provided for monitoring of procedures and for estimation of the 235 U content of live eggs. Depositions of 235 U were greater than for 153 Gd in all tissues except the yolk sac and the liver. Skeletal levels for 235 U were age- and sex-dependent. Feathers contained only 0.11% of the 235 U tracer in contrast to 50% of the endogenous uranium. The results show that 235 U provides for tracing uranium metabolism in small animals, since in quail the tracer increased the uranium burden of the body by only 1-8%. (author)

  6. EL DISCURSO POÉTICO MAPUCHE Y SU VINCULACIÓN CON LOS "TEMAS DE RESISTENCIA CULTURAL"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mabel García Barrera

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo estudia las estrategias discursivas y retóricas que adopta el actual discurso poético mapuche desde el proceso de resistencia cultural y las examina en las obras de los autores Rayen Kvyeh, Bernardo Colipán, Graciela Huinao y César Millahueique. Se propone que estas estrategias se inscriben en el discurso poético mapuche, como respuesta a un diálogo pendiente que mantiene en la memoria cultural con el discurso hegemónico de la sociedad occidental, y cuyo origen se remonta al discurso colonialThis work studies the discursive and rhetorical strategies adopted by the current Mapuche poetical discourse deriving from a process of cultural resistance, by examining them in the works of Rayen Kuyen, Bernardo Colipán, Graciela Huinao, and César Millahuaique. It posits that these strategies are inscribed in the Mapuche discourse as an answer to a continued dialogue maintained by the cultural memory and the hegemonic discourse of the western culture, and whose origin dates back to the colonial discourse

  7. CONTENT OF GLYCOGEN IN LIVER AND KETOBODIES IN BLOOD OF JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA DURING STARVATION ENVISAGED IN THE METHODS OF BALANCE EXPERIMENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petar Batsalov

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available The biochemical indexes “glycogen in liver” and “ketones in blood” of 0-72 hours feed deprived (according to methods for balanced experiments Japanese quails with and without energy additives were determined. There were 2 groups of birds- 1-st without energy supplement, 2-nd- fed with 1 g. glucose per os (as 25% solution – twice in 24 hours. The levels of liver glycogen in all the food-deprived quails were signifi cantly lower from -6910 (12-th hour of starving-to 4960mg/kg (72 hour of starving compared to the levels of the same index in fed birds (11990 mg/kg tissue. In the birds receiving energy additive they were higher compared to those deprived of the additive throughout the experimental period. The content of ketones in blood of the control birds was 0.015 mmol/l. The same index increased to 0.027 mmol/l in the feed and energy additive deprived group after the 36 hour of starving, but in the group became energy support, the contents of ketones were lower for the whole period of starving. The energy additive (1g glucose/24 hours helped the maintenance of the energy metabolism during continuous food depriving of the experimental quails.

  8. Replacing soybean oil with increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of coturnix quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and the effects on egg quality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roll, Aline A P; Forgiarini, Juliana; Xavier, Eduardo G; Lopes, Débora C N; Roll, Victor F B; Rutz, Fernando

    2018-01-01

    The effects of increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of quails on the quality of eggs were evaluated over a period of 56 days. A completely randomized design with five treatment levels of soybean acid oil (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) as a replacer for soybean oil and eight replicates of two quails each were used. A total of 240 fresh eggs were used for quality analysis, and 400 eggs were stored at 23ºC over a period of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for analysis of shelf-life. Polynomial regression and ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey´s tests were used. Soybean acid oil linearly increased the intensity of red (a* = -5.26 + 0.14 x, R2 = 0.89, P = 0.01) and yellow (b* = 42.32 + 0.44 x, R2 = 0.88 P = 0.01). All other variables of egg quality were not affected by the treatments, with the exception of sensory attributes, such as odor and aftertaste, which were more pronounced with soybean acid oil. In conclusion, soybean acid oil affects the intensity of yellow and red color of the yolk. Trained assessors detected differences in odor and aftertaste of eggs when soybean acid oil was included in the quail diet.

  9. Evaluación molecular y fenotípica de la sensibilidad al fungicida fenamidone en aislamientos de Peronospora sparsa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Argel Luz Edith

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available

    El Mildeo velloso es uno de los mayores limitantes del cultivo de la rosa en Colombia. Esta enfermedad es causada por el Oomycete holobiótrofo Peronospora sparsa que fue detectado en la década de 1970 en la Sabana de Bogotá. En los últimos años su efecto negativo sobre la floricultura aumentó conduciendo a los cultivadores al empleo excesivo de fungicidas con acción sistémica, muchos de los cuales no cuentan con estudios de líneas base de sensibilidad ni con el diseño de estrategias anti-resistencia apropiadas. A fin de determinar el grado de sensibilidad de diez aislamientos de P. sparsa al fungicida fenamidone, representante del grupo de resistencia cruzada QoI, se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad in vitro y evaluaciones moleculares. Los resultados muestran que este patógeno presenta un alto grado de sensibilidad a dicha molécula (EC50 promedio: 0,51 mg· L-1 y que no hay evidencia de la presencia de las mutaciones puntuales G143A y F129L asociadas con fenotipos resistentes a QoI. Este estudio aporta las bases para el desarrollo de una metodología de detección molecular de individuos con resistencia a fungicidas QoI que puede ser utilizada para monitorear las poblaciones del patógeno en nuestro medio.

  10. The effect of diet and host genotype on ceca microbiota of Japanese quail fed a cholesterol enriched diet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shasha eLiu

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Two Japanese quail strains, respectively atherosclerosis-susceptible (SUS and –resistant (RES, have been shown to be good models to study cholesterol metabolism and transportation associated with atherosclerosis. Our objective was to examine possible difference in cecal microbiota between these strains when fed a control diet and a cholesterol enriched diet, to determine how host genotype and diet could affect the cecal microbiome that may play a part in cholesterol metabolism. A factorial study with both strains and two diets (control, cholesterol was carried out. Cecal content was collected from 12 week old quail that have been on their respective diets for 6 weeks. DNA was extracted from the samples and the variable region 3 to 5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The amplicon libraries were subjected to pyrosequencing. Principal Component Analysis (PCA of β-diversity showed four distinct microbiota communities that can be assigned to the 4 treatment groups (RES/control, RES/cholesterol, SUS/control, SUS/cholesterol. At the Phylum level, the 4 treatment groups has distinct Firmicutes community characteristics but no significant difference in Bacteroidetes. Eubacterium dolichum was rare in RES/control but became overabundant in RES/cholesterol. An unclassified species of Lactobacillaceae was found in abundance in SUS/control but the same species was rare in RES/cholesterol. On the other hand, two Lactobacillus species were only found in RES/control and an unclassified Lachnospiraceae species was abundant in RES/cholesterol but rare in SUS/control. The abundance of 4 species of Lachnospiraceae, 3 species of Ruminococcaceae and one species of Coprobacillaceae was positively correlated with plasma Total Cholesterol, plasma LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio. Our study of cecal microbiota in these quail has demonstrated that selection for susceptibility/resistance to diet induced atherosclerosis has also affected the quail’s cecal environment

  11. Non PCR-amplified Transcripts and AFLP fragments as reduced representations of the quail genome for 454 Titanium sequencing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leterrier Christine

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism discovery is now routinely performed using high-throughput sequencing of reduced representation libraries. Our objective was to adapt 454 GS FLX based sequencing methodologies in order to obtain the largest possible dataset from two reduced representations libraries, produced by AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism for genomic DNA, and EST (Expressed Sequence Tag for the transcribed fraction of the genome. Findings The expressed fraction was obtained by preparing cDNA libraries without PCR amplification from quail embryo and brain. To optimize the information content for SNP analyses, libraries were prepared from individuals selected in three quail lines and each individual in the AFLP library was tagged. Sequencing runs produced 399,189 sequence reads from cDNA and 373,484 from genomic fragments, covering close to 250 Mb of sequence in total. Conclusions Both methods used to obtain reduced representations for high-throughput sequencing were successful after several improvements. The protocols may be used for several sequencing applications, such as de novo sequencing, tagged PCR fragments or long fragment sequencing of cDNA.

  12. Efectos de la suplementación con testosterona sobre el rendimiento en resistencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Fernández-Díaz

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available El dopaje en el deporte tiene su origen en la Grecia Clásica. Sin embargo, a lo largo del siglo pasado y hasta la actualidad, la utilización de este tipo de prácticas fraudulentas en el deporte ha ido en aumento. Entre las sustancias dopantes más utilizadas destacan la testosterona y sus derivados sintéticos, los anabolizantes sintéticos. A pesar de que estas sustancias prohibidas se han utilizado para la mejora del rendimiento en pruebas de fuerza y potencia, frecuentemente se detectan positivos en deportistas de resistencia. Los objetivos del presente estudio han sido informar acerca de los efectos ergogénicos de la suplementación con testosterona y anabolizantes sintéticos sobre el rendimiento en resistencia, a través de cambios sobre parámetros sanguíneos, así como los efectos secundarios que tienen sobre la salud. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión en bases de datos como Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed y Web of Science incluyendo términos como testosterone, anemia, doping, endurance, erythropoietin, hepcidin e iron. La hepcidina se ha propuesto la principal reguladora de las reservas corporales de hierro y la suplementación con testosterona puede afectar a la síntesis de dicha hormona. Los efectos de la testosterona sobre la hepcidina podrían hacer mejorar tanto la capacidad de transporte como de difusión de oxígeno. De este modo, el dopaje con testosterona podría tener un potencial efecto ergogénico en modalidades de resistencia. Sin embargo, dichas mejoras pueden tener efectos negativos sobre el estado de salud del deportista, entre los que se encuentran trastornos metabólicos, orgánicos, psicológicos e inmunosupresión.

  13. Calidad de vida y cáncer de próstata: un programa progresivo de fuerza-resistencia = Quality of life and prostate cancer: a progressive resistance strength program

    OpenAIRE

    Serdà Ferrer, Bernat-Carles; Monreal i Bosch, Pilar; Valle Gómez, Arantza del

    2011-01-01

    Este artículo presenta el diseño y la implementación de un programa progresivo de fuerza-resistencia adaptado al cáncer de próstata. El modelo base corresponde a la guía de la American College Sports Medicine Position Stand (ACSM, 2009). La adaptación y transformación del programa incluye los síntomas más habituales relativos a la enfermedad y sus tratamientos. El diseño del estudio es cuasiexperimental. La muestra es de 33 participantes en fase de tratamiento. Las variables de estudio so...

  14. Efectos de diferentes métodos de entramiento de fuerza y resistencia de agarre en escaladores deportivos de distintos niveles

    OpenAIRE

    López Rivera, Eva María

    2016-01-01

    Introducción:Hasta el momento la metodología y planificación de entrenamiento utilizada por los escaladores ha estado basada en la observación, intuición y en el ensayo-error. Numerosos estudios sugieren que la fuerza y resistencia de dedos es un factor de rendimiento en la escalada deportiva. Sin embargo, no hemos encontrado ningún trabajo que haya comparado y valorado los efectos de diferentes métodos de entrenamiento específico de fuerza y resistencia de dedos. El control de la carga es un...

  15. The Effects of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism Over the Egg Quality in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

    OpenAIRE

    ÖZCAN, Mukaddes; ÇÖTELİOĞLU, Ülker

    1998-01-01

    In this study, the influence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on the egg quality in 5 week-female Japanese quails was investigated. Hyperthyroidsm and hypothyroidism were achieved by mixing 0.4 mg/100 g. levatrocsyn-sodium and % 0.2 g. propylthiouracil (PTU) in to the food during the 5 weeks period, respectively. It was found that egg weight, albumen weight, shell weight and shell thickness values in both trial groups reduced (P

  16. Guías para el uso racional de antibióticos beta-lactámicos: mecanismos de resistencia y su interpretación clínica.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César A. Arias

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Los antibióticos ß-lactámicos son los compuestos más ampliamente usados para tratar infecciones adquiridas en el hospital o en la comunidad. Sin embargo, la resistencia a estos antibióticos en bacterias Gram negativas y Gram positivas se ha incrementado, lo cual limita su eficacia terapéutica. Se debe estar alerta a este fenómeno y seleccionar la terapia de acuerdo con el mecanismo de resistencia probable del germen aislado. La lectura interpretativa de los patrones de susceptibilidad permite un enfoque más racional del problema de resistencia y se convierte en una guía fundamental para el manejo de situaciones específicas. Dada la complejidad de los mecanismos de resistencia, es indispensable que el laboratorio identifique los microorganismos según especie y determine la susceptibilidad de un número razonable de antimicrobianos. La resistencia a ß-lactámicos en Enterobacteriaceae se debe principalmente a la producción de ß-lactamasas codificadas cromosómicamente o en plásmidos. Los mecanismos de impermeabilidad y la producción de bombas de exclusión molecular son los más comunes en microorganismos 'no fermentadores', por lo cual la terapia debe responder a estos fenómenos. En bacterias Gram positivas existen varios mecanismos involucrados: producción de proteínas de unión a penicilina (PBP alteradas, síntesis de nuevas PBP o producción de ß-lactamasas. Se discuten aquí las opciones terapéuticas basadas en el conocimiento de los mecanismos de resistencia.

  17. Effect of photoperiod on body weight gain, and daily energy intake and energy expenditure in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. Japonica)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boon, P; Visser, GH; Daan, S

    2000-01-01

    Effect of photoperiod and food duration on body weight gain, energy intake, energy expenditure, and sexual development were investigated in two strains of Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica), bred for meat (broilers) or egg production (layers), from 7 to 71 days of age. In a first experiment

  18. In ovo exposure quail assay for risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kamata, Ryo; Takahashi, Shinji; Shimizu, Akira; Morita, Masatoshi; Shiraishi, Fujio

    2006-12-01

    Although there are in vivo assays using various organisms for the risk assessment of chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties, effective experimental methods for avian species are still under debate. We have developed an in ovo exposure assay using Japanese quail eggs, aimed at assessing disrupting effects on avian reproductive development and function. Hybrid eggs from Brazilian Brown male and White Egg female quails, which can be genetically sexed by their plumage color after hatching, were prepared, and test materials dissolved in olive oil were injected into the air-chamber on day 10 of incubation. After sexual maturation of hatched chicks, we observed egg production by females and the egg quality and male-typical reproductive behavior, and then examined reproductive system morphology and serum steroid concentrations in both sexes. Treatment with a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.5-50 ng/g egg), dose-dependently reduced the eggshell thickness and strength of eggs. A few females treated with 5 ng/g DES per egg produced soft-shelled/ unmarked eggs, and all laying females treated with 50 ng/g egg produced eggs completely lacking shells. DES also induced shortening of the left oviduct and abnormal development of the right oviduct in a dose-dependent manner, while testis weight was reduced symmetrically. In addition, 2,2',4',6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (10-1,000 ng/g egg), which previously showed relatively high estrogenic activity in vitro, caused dose-dependent shortening of the left oviduct and reduction in testis weight. The methods for evaluating endocrine disrupting effects and preparing experimental birds proposed in the present study are expected to facilitate assays for avian reproductive toxicology.

  19. Salmonella spp. in meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    OC de Freitas Neto

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available In the present study Salmonella spp. was surveyed in four flocks of meat-type quails reared in a farm that also had processing plant on site, located in the region of Bastos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Meconium samples of one-day-old quail chicks were collected from transport cardboard boxes. Cecal content was collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of rearing. At 36 days of age, birds were slaughtered in the farm's processing plant, where two samples of water from the scalding and the chilling tanks and four carcasses per flock were collected. All samples were examined for Salmonella spp. using traditional bacteriological methods. Salmonella spp. was present in meconium samples of three flocks and in cecal feces of the four flocks. This bacterium was also isolated in the chiller water and in the carcasses of three of the evaluated flocks and in the scalding water of one flock. In this study, S. enterica subspecies enterica 4, 5, 12; S. Corvalis; S. Give; S. Lexington; S. Minnesota; S. Schwarzengrund; S. Rissen and S. Typhimurium were the eight serovars identified.

  20. Dispersal of estradiol-17 beta from the site of injection in the pectoral muscles of Japanese quail

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Robinson, G.A.

    1985-09-01

    Exogenous estrogens, if given in sufficient quantity, stimulate vitellogenesis in the males of vitellogenic species. In the present study, ethanolic solutions of estradiol-17 beta (E2), labeled with 16-alpha-( SVI)iodoestradiol (( SVI)E2) or sodium iodide (Na SVI), were injected into the pectoral muscles of male Japanese quail. The rate of dispersal of the estradiol from the site of injection was measured in vivo during 4 days. The curves of radioactivity appeared to be diphasic. The dose percentages forming the second phase of these curves and the half-time for the second phase were: for 16 mumol E2 (( SVI)E2 label)/100 g body weight, 84.6% and 27.6 hr; for 6 pmol ( SVI)E2/100 g, 20.0% and 17.2 hr; for 16 mumol E2 (Na SVI label)/100 g, 6.7% and 99.0 hr, and for Na SVI, 6.1% and 83.1 hr. Thus, in male quail the estradiol-induced stimulation of vitellogenesis apparently resulted from a continuing hormonal pressure on the liver during the period of study and not from a rapid flow of E2 to the liver shortly after injection.