Sample records for repeat bir domain
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Structures of BIR domains from human NAIP and cIAP2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Herman, Maria Dolores; Moche, Martin; Flodin, Susanne; Welin, Martin; Trésaugues, Lionel; Johansson, Ida; Nilsson, Martina; Nordlund, Pär; Nyman, Tomas
2009-01-01
The crystal structures of the human NAIP BIR2 and cIAP2 BIR3 domains have been determined. Both BIR domains harbors an amino-terminal tetrapeptide in its peptide-binding groove. The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins contains key modulators of apoptosis and inflammation that interact with caspases through baculovirus IAP-repeat (BIR) domains. Overexpression of IAP proteins frequently occurs in cancer cells, thus counteracting the activated apoptotic program. The IAP proteins have therefore emerged as promising targets for cancer therapy. In this work, X-ray crystallography was used to determine the first structures of BIR domains from human NAIP and cIAP2. Both structures harbour an N-terminal tetrapeptide in the conserved peptide-binding groove. The structures reveal that these two proteins bind the tetrapeptides in a similar mode as do other BIR domains. Detailed interactions are described for the P1′–P4′ side chains of the peptide, providing a structural basis for peptide-specific recognition. An arginine side chain in the P3′ position reveals favourable interactions with its hydrophobic moiety in the binding pocket, while hydrophobic residues in the P2′ and P4′ pockets make similar interactions to those seen in other BIR domain–peptide complexes. The structures also reveal how a serine in the P1′ position is accommodated in the binding pockets of NAIP and cIAP2. In addition to shedding light on the specificity determinants of these two proteins, the structures should now also provide a framework for future structure-based work targeting these proteins
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Structures of BIR domains from human NAIP and cIAP2.
Herman, Maria Dolores; Moche, Martin; Flodin, Susanne; Welin, Martin; Trésaugues, Lionel; Johansson, Ida; Nilsson, Martina; Nordlund, Pär; Nyman, Tomas
2009-11-01
The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins contains key modulators of apoptosis and inflammation that interact with caspases through baculovirus IAP-repeat (BIR) domains. Overexpression of IAP proteins frequently occurs in cancer cells, thus counteracting the activated apoptotic program. The IAP proteins have therefore emerged as promising targets for cancer therapy. In this work, X-ray crystallography was used to determine the first structures of BIR domains from human NAIP and cIAP2. Both structures harbour an N-terminal tetrapeptide in the conserved peptide-binding groove. The structures reveal that these two proteins bind the tetrapeptides in a similar mode as do other BIR domains. Detailed interactions are described for the P1'-P4' side chains of the peptide, providing a structural basis for peptide-specific recognition. An arginine side chain in the P3' position reveals favourable interactions with its hydrophobic moiety in the binding pocket, while hydrophobic residues in the P2' and P4' pockets make similar interactions to those seen in other BIR domain-peptide complexes. The structures also reveal how a serine in the P1' position is accommodated in the binding pockets of NAIP and cIAP2. In addition to shedding light on the specificity determinants of these two proteins, the structures should now also provide a framework for future structure-based work targeting these proteins.
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The structure of XIAP BIR2: understanding the selectivity of the BIR domains
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lukacs, Christine, E-mail: cmlukacs230@gmail.com; Belunis, Charles; Crowther, Robert; Danho, Waleed; Gao, Lin; Goggin, Barry; Janson, Cheryl A.; Li, Shirley; Remiszewski, Stacy; Schutt, Andrew [Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110 (United States); Thakur, Manish K.; Singh, Saroj K.; Swaminathan, Srinivasan; Pandey, Rajat; Tyagi, Rajiv; Gosu, Ramachandraiah; Kamath, Ajith V. [Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore (India); Kuglstatter, Andreas, E-mail: cmlukacs230@gmail.com [Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110 (United States)
2013-09-01
The high-resolution crystal structures of apo and peptide-bound XIAP BIR2 are presented and compared with BIR3 structures to understand their selectivity. This crystal system can be used to determine the structures of BIR2–inhibitor complexes. XIAP, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins, is a critical regulator of apoptosis. Inhibition of the BIR domain–caspase interaction is a promising approach towards treating cancer. Previous work has been directed towards inhibiting the BIR3–caspase-9 interaction, which blocks the intrinsic apoptotic pathway; selectively inhibiting the BIR2–caspase-3 interaction would also block the extrinsic pathway. The BIR2 domain of XIAP has successfully been crystallized; peptides and small-molecule inhibitors can be soaked into these crystals, which diffract to high resolution. Here, the BIR2 apo crystal structure and the structures of five BIR2–tetrapeptide complexes are described. The structural flexibility observed on comparing these structures, along with a comparison with XIAP BIR3, affords an understanding of the structural elements that drive selectivity between BIR2 and BIR3 and which can be used to design BIR2-selective inhibitors.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chao Huang
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP is a well-known potent apoptosis suppressor and also participates in cancer cell biological behaviors, therefore attracting great attentions as a potential antineoplastic therapeutic target for past years. Anti-IAP therapy is reported to be closely related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR expression level. However, whether and how XIAP modulates EGFR expression remains largely unknown. Methods Human XIAP was knockdown with short-hairpin RNA in two different bladder cancer cell lines, T24T and UMUC3. Two XIAP mutants, XIAP ∆BIR (deletion of N-terminal three BIR domains and XIAP ∆RING (deletion of C-terminal RING domain and keeping the function of BIR domains, were generated to determine which domain is involved in regulating EGFR. Results We found here that lacking of XIAP expression resulted in a remarkable suppression of EGFR expression, consequently leading to the deficiency of anchorage-independent cell growth. Further study demonstrated that BIR domain of XIAP was crucial for regulating the EGFR translation by suppressing the transcription and expression of miR-200a. Mechanistic studies indicated that BIR domain activated the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of PP2A at Tyr307 in its catalytic subunit, PP2A-C. Such activated PP2A prevented the deviant phosphorylation and activation of MAPK kinases/MAPKs, their downstream effector c-Jun, and in turn inhibiting transcription of c-Jun-regulated the miR-200a. Conclusions Our study uncovered a novel function of BIR domain of XIAP in regulating the EGFR translation, providing significant insight into the understanding of the XIAP overexpression in the cancer development and progression, further offering a new theoretical support for using XIAP BIR domain and EGFR as targets for cancer therapy.
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Expansion of protein domain repeats.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Asa K Björklund
2006-08-01
Full Text Available Many proteins, especially in eukaryotes, contain tandem repeats of several domains from the same family. These repeats have a variety of binding properties and are involved in protein-protein interactions as well as binding to other ligands such as DNA and RNA. The rapid expansion of protein domain repeats is assumed to have evolved through internal tandem duplications. However, the exact mechanisms behind these tandem duplications are not well-understood. Here, we have studied the evolution, function, protein structure, gene structure, and phylogenetic distribution of domain repeats. For this purpose we have assigned Pfam-A domain families to 24 proteomes with more sensitive domain assignments in the repeat regions. These assignments confirmed previous findings that eukaryotes, and in particular vertebrates, contain a much higher fraction of proteins with repeats compared with prokaryotes. The internal sequence similarity in each protein revealed that the domain repeats are often expanded through duplications of several domains at a time, while the duplication of one domain is less common. Many of the repeats appear to have been duplicated in the middle of the repeat region. This is in strong contrast to the evolution of other proteins that mainly works through additions of single domains at either terminus. Further, we found that some domain families show distinct duplication patterns, e.g., nebulin domains have mainly been expanded with a unit of seven domains at a time, while duplications of other domain families involve varying numbers of domains. Finally, no common mechanism for the expansion of all repeats could be detected. We found that the duplication patterns show no dependence on the size of the domains. Further, repeat expansion in some families can possibly be explained by shuffling of exons. However, exon shuffling could not have created all repeats.
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Henke, Sarah K; Cronan, John E
2016-11-01
Group II biotin protein ligases (BPLs) are characterized by the presence of an N-terminal DNA binding domain that functions in transcriptional regulation of the genes of biotin biosynthesis and transport. The Staphylococcus aureus Group II BPL which is called BirA has been reported to bind an imperfect inverted repeat located upstream of the biotin synthesis operon. DNA binding by other Group II BPLs requires dimerization of the protein which is triggered by synthesis of biotinoyl-AMP (biotinoyl-adenylate), the intermediate in the ligation of biotin to its cognate target proteins. However, the S. aureus BirA was reported to dimerize and bind DNA in the absence of biotin or biotinoyl-AMP (Soares da Costa et al. (2014) Mol Microbiol 91: 110-120). These in vitro results argued that the protein would be unable to respond to the levels of biotin or acceptor proteins and thus would lack the regulatory properties of the other characterized BirA proteins. We tested the regulatory function of the protein using an in vivo model system and examined its DNA binding properties in vitro using electrophoretic mobility shift and fluorescence anisotropy analyses. We report that the S. aureus BirA is an effective regulator of biotin operon transcription and that the prior data can be attributed to artifacts of mobility shift analyses. We also report that deletion of the DNA binding domain of the S. aureus BirA results in loss of virtually all of its ligation activity. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Hu, Fabiao; Pan, Daxia; Zheng, Wenyun; Yan, Ting; He, Xiujuan; Ren, Fuzheng; Lu, Yiming; Ma, Xingyuan
2017-12-26
Survivin was the smallest member of the IAP family, which was over expressed in many different cancers, and considered to be a promising hot target for cancer therapy, and our previous study demonstrated that multiple dominant negative mutants from full-length survivin could have many complex effects on cancer cells, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. But it was not yet known what role the two main domains played in those functions, which would be very important for the design of targeted anticancer drugs and for the interpretation of their molecular mechanisms. In this study, based on preparation the two parts (BIR domain and CC domain) of survivin by genetic engineering and cell characterization assay, we discovered that BIR (T34A)-domain peptide could inhibit Bcap-37 cells growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, increase the proportion of G2/M phase, and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. While CC (T117A)-domain peptide increased the proportion of S-phase cells and increased the level of the autophagy marker protein LC3B significantly. These further experiments confirmed that TAT-BIR (T34A) peptide could be used to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and block mitosis, and TAT-CC (T117A) peptide showed mainly to promote autophagy, process of DNA replication, and mitosis to breast cancer cells. This research will lay the foundation for interpreting the multifunction mechanism of survivin in cell fates, further make senses in developing the anticancer drugs targeting it precisely and efficiently.
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Altered Regulation of Escherichia coli Biotin Biosynthesis in BirA Superrepressor Mutant Strains
Chakravartty, Vandana
2012-01-01
Transcription of the Escherichia coli biotin (bio) operon is directly regulated by the biotin protein ligase BirA, the enzyme that covalently attaches biotin to its cognate acceptor proteins. Binding of BirA to the bio operator requires dimerization of the protein, which is triggered by BirA-catalyzed synthesis of biotinoyl-adenylate (biotinoyl-5′-AMP), the obligatory intermediate of the ligation reaction. Although several aspects of this regulatory system are well understood, no BirA superrepressor mutant strains had been isolated. Such superrepressor BirA proteins would repress the biotin operon transcription in vivo at biotin concentrations well below those needed for repression by wild-type BirA. We isolated mutant strains having this phenotype by a combined selection-screening approach and resolved multiple mutations to give several birA superrepressor alleles, each having a single mutation, all of which showed repression dominant over that of the wild-type allele. All of these mutant strains repressed bio operon transcription in vivo at biotin concentrations that gave derepression of the wild-type strain and retained sufficient ligation activity for growth when overexpressed. All of the strains except that encoding G154D BirA showed derepression of bio operon transcription upon overproduction of a biotin-accepting protein. In BirA, G154D was a lethal mutation in single copy, and the purified protein was unable to transfer biotin from enzyme-bound biotinoyl-adenylate either to the natural acceptor protein or to a biotin-accepting peptide sequence. Consistent with the transcriptional repression data, each of the purified mutant proteins showed increased affinity for the biotin operator DNA in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Surprisingly, although most of the mutations were located in the catalytic domain, all of those tested, except G154D BirA, had normal ligase activity. Most of the mutations that gave superrepressor phenotypes altered residues
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The diversity and evolution of Wolbachia ankyrin repeat domain genes.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stefanos Siozios
Full Text Available Ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes are common in the eukaryotic and viral domains of life, but they are rare in bacteria, the exception being a few obligate or facultative intracellular Proteobacteria species. Despite having a reduced genome, the arthropod strains of the alphaproteobacterium Wolbachia contain an unusually high number of ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes ranging from 23 in wMel to 60 in wPip strain. This group of genes has attracted considerable attention for their astonishing large number as well as for the fact that ankyrin proteins are known to participate in protein-protein interactions, suggesting that they play a critical role in the molecular mechanism that determines host-Wolbachia symbiotic interactions. We present a comparative evolutionary analysis of the wMel-related ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes present in different Drosophila-Wolbachia associations. Our results show that the ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes change in size by expansion and contraction mediated by short directly repeated sequences. We provide examples of intra-genic recombination events and show that these genes are likely to be horizontally transferred between strains with the aid of bacteriophages. These results confirm previous findings that the Wolbachia genomes are evolutionary mosaics and illustrate the potential that these bacteria have to generate diversity in proteins potentially involved in the symbiotic interactions.
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Sgualdo, P.; Aviado, K.; Beccaluva, L.; Bianchini, G.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Bryce, J. G.; Graham, D. W.; Natali, C.; Siena, F.
2015-05-01
Detailed petrological and geochemical investigations of an extensive sampling of mantle xenoliths from the Neogene-Quaternary Bir Ali diatreme (southern Yemen) indicate that the underlying lithospheric mantle consists predominantly of medium- to fine-grained (often foliated) spinel-peridotites (85-90%) and spinel-pyroxenites (10-15%) showing thermobarometric estimates in the P-T range of 0.9-2.0 GPa and 900-1150 °C. Peridotites, including lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites delineate continuous chemical, modal and mineralogical variations compatible with large extractions of basic melts occurring since the late Proterozoic (~ 2 Ga, according to Lu-Hf model ages). Pyroxenites may represent intrusions of subalkaline basic melts interacting and equilibrated with the host peridotite. Subsequent metasomatism has led to modal changes, with evidence of reaction patches and clinopyroxene and spinel destabilization, as well as formation of new phases (glass, amphibole and feldspar). These changes are accompanied by enrichment of the most incompatible elements and isotopic compositions. 143Nd/144Nd ranges from 0.51419 to 0.51209 (εNd from + 30.3 to - 10.5), 176Hf/177Hf from 0.28459 to 0.28239 (εHf from + 64.4 to - 13.6), and 208Pb/204Pb from 36.85 to 41.56, thus extending from the depleted mantle (DM) towards the enriched OIB mantle (EM and HIMU) components. 3He/4He (R/RA) ratios vary from 7.2 to 7.9 with He concentrations co-varying with the most incompatible element enrichment, in parallel with metasomatic effects. These metasomatic events, particularly effective in harzburgites and dunites, are attributable to the variable interaction with alkaline basic melts related to the general extensional and rifting regime affecting the East Africa-Arabian domain during the Cenozoic. In this respect, Bir Ali mantle xenoliths resemble those occurring along the Arabian margins and the East Africa Rift system, similarly affected by alkaline metasomatism, whereas they are
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Samy El Gendy, Nehal M; Li, Yan; Zhang, Xinbo; Huang, David
2012-04-01
To evaluate the repeatability of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) pachymetric mapping in patients with corneal opacities and to assess the reliability of Fourier domain OCT with 830 nm wavelength as a pachymetric measurement tool in opaque corneas. A Fourier domain OCT system was used to map the corneal thickness of patients with corneal scars or dystrophy. A retrospective study of a consecutive series was conducted. The repeatability was measured using pooled standard deviation of repeated measurements. A slit-scanning tomography device provided pachymetric mapping for comparison. Seventeen eyes of 12 patients with corneal scars (7 trauma and 3 post infection) or dystrophy (2 Reis-Bucklers and 5 granular dystrophy) were included. The posterior corneal boundary was detectable in all cases. The average corneal thickness measured by OCT was 536 ± 89 μm in central 2 mm area, 553 ± 76 μm in pericentral 2- to 5-mm area, and 508 ± 93 μm for the minimum corneal thickness. The slit-scanning tomography central corneal thickness, 433 ± 111 μm, was significantly lower than OCT readings (mean difference -91.1 ± 33.3 μm, P = 0.002). Repeatability of the OCT measurements was 2.1 μm centrally and 1.2 μm pericentrally. Pachymetric mapping with Fourier domain OCT was highly repeatable. Fourier domain OCT is a reliable pachymetric tool in opaque corneas. In comparison, corneal thickness measured by the slit-scanning tomography is significantly thinner than those measured by the Fourier domain OCT in the presence of corneal opacities.
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Nagashima, Hiroaki; Ootsubo, Michiko; Fukazawa, Mizuki; Motoi, Sotaro; Konakahara, Shu; Masuho, Yasuhiko
2011-04-01
We previously reported that chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with tandemly repeated Fc domains, which were developed by introducing tandem repeats of Fc domains downstream of 2 Fab domains, augmented binding avidities for all Fcγ receptors, resulting in enhanced antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Here we investigated regarding Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) mediated by these chimeric mAbs, which is considered one of the most important mechanisms that kills tumor cells, using two-color flow cytometric methods. ADCP mediated by T3-Ab, a chimeric mAb with 3 tandemly repeated Fc domains, was 5 times more potent than that by native anti-CD20 M-Ab (M-Ab hereafter). Furthermore, T3-Ab-mediated ADCP was resistant to competitive inhibition by intravenous Ig (IVIG), although M-Ab-mediated ADCP decreased in the presence of IVIG. An Fcγ receptor-blocking study demonstrated that T3-Ab mediated ADCP via both FcγRIA and FcγRIIA, whereas M-Ab mediated ADCP exclusively via FcγRIA. These results suggest that chimeric mAbs with tandemly repeated Fc domains enhance ADCP as well as ADCC, and that Fc multimerization may significantly enhance the efficacy of therapeutic Abs. Copyright © 2010 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Çevre sorunlarına etik bir yaklaşım: felsefi bir sorgulama
Ağbuğa, Fatma
2016-01-01
Çevre olmadan yaşamdan bahsetmenin mümkün olmayacağının bilincinde olan filozoflar doğal dengeyi bozucu, yok edici faaliyetlerin tek sorumlusunun insan olduğunu görmüşler ve çözüm olarak etiğin uygulamalı bir alanı olan “çevre etiği” kavramını ortaya koymuşlardır. Ancak çevre etiği 1970’lere kadar felsefenin bir disiplin alanı olarak tanınmadı. Uluslararası bilimsel alanda çevre sorunlarına felsefi bir bakış açısıyla bakan çok sayıda araştırmalar yapılmaya devam edilmesine rağmen, ülkemizde b...
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Yeni Bir Global Viral Etken: Zika virus
Ece, Gülfem; Aslan, Ferhat G; Altındiş, Mustafa
2016-01-01
Zika virus ateşi bir flavirus'un neden olduğu sivrisineklerle bulaşan bir hastalıktır. Klinik tablo asemptomatik vakalardan ateş, başağrısı, yorgunluk, ve kutanöz döküntü ile ilişkili bir influanza benzeri sendroma kadar değişmektedir. Zika virus ilk kez Nisan 1947’de Uganda ormanlarından izole edilmiştir. Ek olarak, 2007’ye kadar Afrika ve Asya’dan bazı Zika virus vakaları bildirilmiş olmasına rağmen, 2007 yılında Mikronezyada bir epidemi meydana gelmiştir. Son zamanlarda, özellikle de ...
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Alternative Conformations of the Tau Repeat Domain in Complex with an Engineered Binding Protein*
Grüning, Clara S. R.; Mirecka, Ewa A.; Klein, Antonia N.; Mandelkow, Eckhard; Willbold, Dieter; Marino, Stephen F.; Stoldt, Matthias; Hoyer, Wolfgang
2014-01-01
The aggregation of Tau into paired helical filaments is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease. The aggregation reaction is characterized by conformational conversion of the repeat domain, which partially adopts a cross-β-structure in the resulting amyloid-like fibrils. Here, we report the selection and characterization of an engineered binding protein, β-wrapin TP4, targeting the Tau repeat domain. TP4 was obtained by phage display using the four-repeat Tau construct K18ΔK280 as a target. TP4 binds K18ΔK280 as well as the longest isoform of human Tau, hTau40, with nanomolar affinity. NMR spectroscopy identified two alternative TP4-binding sites in the four-repeat domain, with each including two hexapeptide motifs with high β-sheet propensity. Both binding sites contain the aggregation-determining PHF6 hexapeptide within repeat 3. In addition, one binding site includes the PHF6* hexapeptide within repeat 2, whereas the other includes the corresponding hexapeptide Tau(337–342) within repeat 4, denoted PHF6**. Comparison of TP4-binding with Tau aggregation reveals that the same regions of Tau are involved in both processes. TP4 inhibits Tau aggregation at substoichiometric concentration, demonstrating that it interferes with aggregation nucleation. This study provides residue-level insight into the interaction of Tau with an aggregation inhibitor and highlights the structural flexibility of Tau. PMID:24966331
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BIR 2014 - Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
This first “Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval” (BIR 2014) workshop1 aims to engage with the IR community about possible links to bibliometrics and scholarly communication. Bibliometric techniques are not yet widely used to enhance retrieval processes in digital libraries, although...... analysis of co-authorship network, can improve retrieval services for specific communities, as well as for large, cross-domain collections. This workshop aims to raise awareness of the missing link between information retrieval (IR) and bibliometrics / scientometrics and to create a common ground...... for the incorporation of bibliometric-enhanced services into retrieval at the digital library interface. Our interests include information retrieval, information seeking, science modelling, network analysis, and digital libraries. The goal is to apply insights from bibliometrics, scientometrics, and informetrics...
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SlBIR3 Negatively Regulates PAMP Responses and Cell Death in Tomato
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shuhua Huang
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Bri1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase (BIR proteins have been shown to play important roles in regulating growth and development, pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI responses, and cell death in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified four BIR family members in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, including SlBIR3, an ortholog of AtBIR3 from A. thaliana. SlBIR3 is predicted to encode a membrane localized non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD kinase that, based on protein sequence, does not have autophosphorylation activity but that can be phosphorylated in vivo. We established that SlBIR3 interacts with SlBAK1 and AtBAK1 using yeast two-hybrid assays and co-immunoprecipitation and maltose-binding protein pull down assays. We observed that SlBIR3 overexpression in tomato (cv. micro-tom and A. thaliana has weak effect on growth and development through brassinosteroid (BR signaling. SlBIR3 overexpression in A. thaliana suppressed flg22-induced defense responses, but did not affect infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PstDC3000. This result was confirmed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS in tomato in conjunction with PstDC3000 infection. Overexpression of SlBIR3 in tomato (cv. micro-tom and A. thaliana resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In addition, co-silencing SlBIR3 with SlSERK3A or SlSERK3B using VIGS and the tobacco rattle virus (TRV-RNA2 vector containing fragments of both the SlSERK3 and SlBIR3 genes induced spontaneous cell death, indicating a cooperation between the two proteins in this process. In conclusion, our study revealed that SlBIR3 is the ortholog of AtBIR3 and that it participates in BR, PTI, and cell death signaling pathways.
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Constructs for the expression of repeating triple-helical protein domains
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Peng, Yong Y; Werkmeister, Jerome A; Vaughan, Paul R; Ramshaw, John A M
2009-01-01
The development of novel scaffolds will be an important aspect in future success of tissue engineering. Scaffolds will preferably contain information that directs the cellular content of constructs so that the new tissue that is formed is closely aligned in structure, composition and function to the target natural tissue. One way of approaching this will be the development of novel protein-based constructs that contain one or more repeats of functional elements derived from various proteins. In the present case, we describe a strategy to make synthetic, recombinant triple-helical constructs that contain repeat segments of biologically relevant domains. Copies of a DNA fragment prepared by PCR from human type III collagen have been inserted in a co-linear contiguous fashion into the yeast expression vector YEpFlag-1, using sequential addition between selected restriction sites. Constructs containing 1, 2 and 3 repeats were designed to maintain the (Gly-X-Y) repeat, which is essential for the formation of an extended triple helix. All constructs gave expressed protein, with the best being the 3-repeat construct which was readily secreted. This material had the expected composition and N-terminal sequence. Incubation of the product at low temperature led to triple-helix formation, shown by reaction with a conformation dependent monoclonal antibody.
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Constructs for the expression of repeating triple-helical protein domains
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Peng, Yong Y; Werkmeister, Jerome A; Vaughan, Paul R; Ramshaw, John A M, E-mail: jerome.werkmeister@csiro.a [CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169 (Australia)
2009-02-15
The development of novel scaffolds will be an important aspect in future success of tissue engineering. Scaffolds will preferably contain information that directs the cellular content of constructs so that the new tissue that is formed is closely aligned in structure, composition and function to the target natural tissue. One way of approaching this will be the development of novel protein-based constructs that contain one or more repeats of functional elements derived from various proteins. In the present case, we describe a strategy to make synthetic, recombinant triple-helical constructs that contain repeat segments of biologically relevant domains. Copies of a DNA fragment prepared by PCR from human type III collagen have been inserted in a co-linear contiguous fashion into the yeast expression vector YEpFlag-1, using sequential addition between selected restriction sites. Constructs containing 1, 2 and 3 repeats were designed to maintain the (Gly-X-Y) repeat, which is essential for the formation of an extended triple helix. All constructs gave expressed protein, with the best being the 3-repeat construct which was readily secreted. This material had the expected composition and N-terminal sequence. Incubation of the product at low temperature led to triple-helix formation, shown by reaction with a conformation dependent monoclonal antibody.
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Zekâi Varnacı
2015-01-01
Kafkasya’da bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasında ...
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Varnacı, Zekai
1980-01-01
Kafkasyaâda bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasınd...
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de Lange, Orlando; Wolf, Christina; Dietze, Jörn; Elsaesser, Janett; Morbitzer, Robert; Lahaye, Thomas
2014-06-01
The tandem repeats of transcription activator like effectors (TALEs) mediate sequence-specific DNA binding using a simple code. Naturally, TALEs are injected by Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells to manipulate the host transcriptome. In the laboratory TALE DNA binding domains are reprogrammed and used to target a fused functional domain to a genomic locus of choice. Research into the natural diversity of TALE-like proteins may provide resources for the further improvement of current TALE technology. Here we describe TALE-like proteins from the endosymbiotic bacterium Burkholderia rhizoxinica, termed Bat proteins. Bat repeat domains mediate sequence-specific DNA binding with the same code as TALEs, despite less than 40% sequence identity. We show that Bat proteins can be adapted for use as transcription factors and nucleases and that sequence preferences can be reprogrammed. Unlike TALEs, the core repeats of each Bat protein are highly polymorphic. This feature allowed us to explore alternative strategies for the design of custom Bat repeat arrays, providing novel insights into the functional relevance of non-RVD residues. The Bat proteins offer fertile grounds for research into the creation of improved programmable DNA-binding proteins and comparative insights into TALE-like evolution. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zekâi Varnacı
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Kafkasya’da bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasında maya olarak kullanılmak üzere ticarete arzedilir.
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Gorlin Goltz sendromu: Bir olgu sunumu
Kestane, Recep; Yurttutan, Mehmet; Şentürk, Mehmet; Koçer, Atilla; Keskin, Ahmet
2015-01-01
Gorlin Goltz sendromu esas olarak kutanöz bazal hücreli karsinom, çoklu keratokistik odontojenik tümörler ve iskeletsel anomaliler ile karakterize otozomal dominant bir rahatsızlıktır. Gorlin ve Goltz tarafından tanımlanan bu klasik triada ek olarak diğer nörolojik, oftalmolojik, endokrin ve genital bulgular da sendromun özellikleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu raporda 12 yaşındaki Gorlin Goltz sendromlu erkek hastanın tedavisi ve 1,5 yıllık takibi sunulmuştur. Bu olgu deride herhangi bir lezy...
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Vancraenenbroeck, Renée; Lobbestael, Evy; Weeks, Stephen D; Strelkov, Sergei V; Baekelandt, Veerle; Taymans, Jean-Marc; De Maeyer, Marc
2012-03-01
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease. Much research effort has been directed towards the catalytic core region of LRRK2 composed of GTPase (ROC, Ras of complex proteins) and kinase domains and a connecting COR (C-terminus of ROC) domain. In contrast, the precise functions of the protein-protein interaction domains, such as the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, are not known. In the present study, we modeled the LRRK2 LRR domain (LRR(LRRK2)) using a template assembly approach, revealing the presence of 14 LRRs. Next, we focused on the expression and purification of LRR(LRRK2) in Escherichia coli. Buffer optimization revealed that the protein requires the presence of a zwitterionic detergent, namely Empigen BB, during solubilization and the subsequent purification and characterization steps. This indicates that the detergent captures the hydrophobic surface patches of LRR(LRRK2) thereby suppressing its aggregation. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measured 18% α-helices and 21% β-sheets, consistent with predictions from the homology model. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dynamic light scattering measurements showed the presence of a single species, with a Stokes radius corresponding to the model dimensions of a protein monomer. Furthermore, no obvious LRR(LRRK2) multimerization was detected via cross-linking studies. Finally, the LRR(LRRK2) clinical mutations did not influence LRR(LRRK2) secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure as determined via SEC and CD spectroscopy. We therefore conclude that these mutations are likely to affect putative LRR(LRRK2) inter- and intramolecular interactions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Tespiti Güç Bir İmza Sahteciliği Yöntemi “Serbest Taklit”: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Güven Seçkin Kırcı
2017-06-01
Full Text Available Giriş ve Amaç: İmza; atan kişiyi kesin bir şekilde belirleyen ve atıldığı belgeyi onaylama iradesini belirten, kişiye ait el yazısı yanında her çeşit işarete verilen isim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kişinin kendisi tarafından atılmayan yani kendi eli ürünü olmayan sahte imzalar çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak elde edilmektedirler. Bunlar, üstten kopyalama, bakarak taklit, serbest taklit yöntemi ile atılan imzalar, üzerinde imza ihtiva eden pulların sökülerek başka belgelere nakli, bilgisayar ve fotokopi teknolojileriyle atılan imzalar ve hayali kişiler adına atılmış uydurma imzalar olarak sıralanabilmektedir. Buna son zamanlarda icat edilerek giderek artan sıklıkla karşılaştığımız imza makineleriyle atılanlar eklenebilir. Sıraladığımız bu yöntemler içerisinde “Serbest Taklit Yöntemi” ile yapılan imza sahteciliği belirli yönleriyle diğer yöntemlerden ayrılmaktadır. Serbest Taklit Yöntemi ile atılan imzalarda sahteci, günlerce atacağı imzaya özen içinde çalışıp denemeler yaparak, imzayı tüm yönleriyle hafızasına alır ve taklidini oluşturabileceğine kanaat getirdiğinde bir bütün olarak atar. Sahtecinin birçok kez deneme yapma şansı olması nedeniyle de orjinaline oldukça benzeyen, tespiti güç bir imza modeli ortaya çıkması hiç te uzak bir ihtimal değildir. Bu nedenlerden ötürü, farklılıklar detaylarda gizli kalabilmektedir. Birçok özelliğiyle bu yöntem, incelemeciler açısından ortaya çıkarılması en güç olan sahtecilik tipidir . Olgu: Olgumuza konu olan inceleme konusu imzaya ve karşılaştırma imzalarına baktığımızda, hız, işleklik, istif, eğim, kalem bası dereceleri de dahil olmak üzere birçok tanı unsuru yönünden birbirine benzer özellikler içerdiklerini görmekteyiz. Ancak imzalar daha ayrıntılı incelendiğinde; özellikle başlangıç ve bitiş noktalarında, ara grama yapıları ve sayılarında, imzalar
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Avrupa Birliği hukukunun önceliği ilkesi kapsamında Avrupa Birliğinde temel hak koruması
BİLGİN, Azime Aslı
2011-01-01
TEZ ÖZETİBirlik için bir çok açıdan önemi haiz bir konu olan temel hak korumasının Avrupa Birliğinin (Birlik) oluşumundan bugüne geçirdiği evreleri ve temel hak koruması konusundaki gelişmelerin Birlik hukukunun vazgeçilmezi öncelik ilkesi ile olan ilişkisini ele aldığımız çalışmamız üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır.İlk bölümde temel hak korumasını Divan ve ulusal mahkelemeler arasındaki tartışmanın merkezine yerleştiren ve oluşumdan itibaren temel hak ile olan ilişkis...
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Structural analyses of the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of TRPV6 and related TRPV ion channels†‡
Phelps, Christopher B.; Huang, Robert J.; Lishko, Polina V.; Wang, Ruiqi R.; Gaudet, Rachelle
2008-01-01
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins are cation channels composed of a transmembrane domain flanked by large N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains. All members of the vanilloid family of TRP channels (TRPV) possess an N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (ARD). The ARD of mammalian TRPV6, an important regulator of calcium uptake and homeostasis, is essential for channel assembly and regulation. The 1.7 Å crystal structure of the TRPV6-ARD reveals conserved structural elements unique to the...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Haga Christopher L
2007-09-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background In mouse the cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7 is required for generation of B lymphocytes, but human IL-7 does not appear to have this function. A bioinformatics approach was therefore used to identify IL-7 receptor related genes in the hope of identifying the elusive human cytokine. Results Our database search identified a family of nine gene candidates, which we have provisionally named fibronectin immunoglobulin leucine-rich repeat (FIGLER. The FIGLER 1–9 genes are predicted to encode type I transmembrane glycoproteins with 6–12 leucine-rich repeats (LRR, a C2 type Ig domain, a fibronectin type III domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain containing one to four tyrosine residues. Members of this multichromosomal gene family possess 20–47% overall amino acid identity and are differentially expressed in cell lines and primary hematopoietic lineage cells. Genes for FIGLER homologs were identified in macaque, orangutan, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, dog, chicken, toad, and puffer fish databases. The non-human FIGLER homologs share 38–99% overall amino acid identity with their human counterpart. Conclusion The extracellular domain structure and absence of recognizable cytoplasmic signaling motifs in members of the highly conserved FIGLER gene family suggest a trophic or cell adhesion function for these molecules.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hayrettin Kesgingöz
2018-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Increasing competition in the world by the help of globalization has directed countries to cooperation with other countries and interregional organizations. Nowadays competition in foreign trade is becoming more and more challenging due to globalization process and countries use the most important alternatives, economic integrations to export and import. The new idea of creating new regional alternatives to increase foreign trade for Turkey is becoming more important day by day. Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC which is being created under the leadership of Turkey has an important share on Turkish foreign trade after G20, OECD and Customs Union. Though OIC has occupied an important place in Turkish foreign trade it is least known and this study searches whether OIC can become an alternative in future. In order to answer this question, the performance analysis of foreign trade was conducted with the help of macroeconomic indicators while the analysis of foreign trade compliance was held with the help of international foreign trade indices. As a result of foreign trade compliance analysis it is concluded that importance of Organization of Islamic Cooperation is increasing every day. Though foreign trade between Turkey and Customs Union reduced, foreign trade between Turkey and OIC increased and that result shows that Turkey turns his face to markets of OIC. However foreign trade between Turkey and OIC can just be alternative to Custom union in further years. Öz Küreselleşmeyle birlikte dünyada artan rekabet ortamı 2008 küresel ekonomik krizinden sonra dünya ülkelerini ülkeler ve bölgeler arası işbirliğine doğru yöneltmiştir. Küreselleşme sürecinde dış ticarette rekabetin her geçen gün zorlaştığı bir dönemde bugün ülkeler, dış ticareti gerçekleştirmek için en önemli seçenekleri olan ülkeler ve bölgesel arası ekonomik bütünleşmeleri kullanmaktadırlar. Yeni yeni bölgesel ekonomik b
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhu, Haizhong; Lee, Han Youl; Tong, Yufeng; Hong, Bum-Soo; Kim, Kyung-Phil; Shen, Yang; Lim, Kyung Jik; Mackenzie, Farrell; Tempel, Wolfram; Park, Hee-Won (SGC-Toronto); (PPCS); (Toronto)
2012-10-23
Kinesin-1 transports various cargos along the axon by interacting with the cargos through its light chain subunit. Kinesin light chains (KLC) utilize its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain to interact with over 10 different cargos. Despite a high sequence identity between their TPR domains (87%), KLC1 and KLC2 isoforms exhibit differential binding properties towards some cargos. We determined the structures of human KLC1 and KLC2 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains using X-ray crystallography and investigated the different mechanisms by which KLCs interact with their cargos. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we attributed the specific interaction between KLC1 and JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) cargo to residue N343 in the fourth TRP repeat. Structurally, the N343 residue is adjacent to other asparagines and lysines, creating a positively charged polar patch within the groove of the TPR domain. Whereas, KLC2 with the corresponding residue S328 did not interact with JIP1. Based on these finding, we propose that N343 of KLC1 can form 'a carboxylate clamp' with its neighboring asparagine to interact with JIP1, similar to that of HSP70/HSP90 organizing protein-1's (HOP1) interaction with heat shock proteins. For the binding of cargos shared by KLC1 and KLC2, we propose a different site located within the groove but not involving N343. We further propose a third binding site on KLC1 which involves a stretch of polar residues along the inter-TPR loops that may form a network of hydrogen bonds to JIP3 and JIP4. Together, these results provide structural insights into possible mechanisms of interaction between KLC TPR domains and various cargo proteins.
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Louros, Nikolaos N.; Baltoumas, Fotis A.; Hamodrakas, Stavros J.; Iconomidou, Vassiliki A.
2016-02-01
Pmel17 is a multidomain protein involved in biosynthesis of melanin. This process is facilitated by the formation of Pmel17 amyloid fibrils that serve as a scaffold, important for pigment deposition in melanosomes. A specific luminal domain of human Pmel17, containing 10 tandem imperfect repeats, designated as repeat domain (RPT), forms amyloid fibrils in a pH-controlled mechanism in vitro and has been proposed to be essential for the formation of the fibrillar matrix. Currently, no three-dimensional structure has been resolved for the RPT domain of Pmel17. Here, we examine the structure of the RPT domain by performing sequence threading. The resulting model was subjected to energy minimization and validated through extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Structural analysis indicated that the RPT model exhibits several distinct properties of β-solenoid structures, which have been proposed to be polymerizing components of amyloid fibrils. The derived model is stabilized by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds generated by stacking of highly conserved polar residues of the RPT domain. Furthermore, the key role of invariant glutamate residues is proposed, supporting a pH-dependent mechanism for RPT domain assembly. Conclusively, our work attempts to provide structural insights into the RPT domain structure and to elucidate its contribution to Pmel17 amyloid fibril formation.
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Bir1 Deletion Causes Malfunction of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Apoptosis in Yeast
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ren, Qun; Liou, Liang-Chun; Gao, Qiuqiang; Bao, Xiaoming; Zhang, Zhaojie
2012-01-01
Cell division in yeast is a highly regulated and well studied event. Various checkpoints are placed throughout the cell cycle to ensure faithful segregation of sister chromatids. Unexpected events, such as DNA damage or oxidative stress, cause the activation of checkpoint(s) and cell cycle arrest. Malfunction of the checkpoints may induce cell death. We previously showed that under oxidative stress, the budding yeast cohesin Mcd1, a homolog of human Rad21, was cleaved by the caspase-like protease Esp1. The cleaved Mcd1 C-terminal fragment was then translocated to mitochondria, causing apoptotic cell death. In the present study, we demonstrated that Bir1 plays an important role in spindle assembly checkpoint and cell death. Similar to H 2 O 2 treatment, deletion of BIR1 using a BIR1-degron strain caused degradation of the securin Pds1, which binds and inactivates Esp1 until metaphase-anaphase transition in a normal cell cycle. BIR1 deletion caused an increase level of ROS and mis-location of Bub1, a major protein for spindle assembly checkpoint. In wild type, Bub1 was located at the kinetochores, but was primarily in the cytoplasm in bir1 deletion strain. When BIR1 was deleted, addition of nocodazole was unable to retain the Bub1 localization on kinetochores, further suggesting that Bir1 is required to activate and maintain the spindle assembly checkpoint. Our study suggests that the BIR1 function in cell cycle regulation works in concert with its anti-apoptosis function.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hiroyuki Nakagawa
Full Text Available Lasp-2 binds to actin filaments and concentrates in the actin bundles of filopodia and lamellipodia in neural cells and focal adhesions in fibroblastic cells. Lasp-2 has three structural regions: a LIM domain, a nebulin-repeat region, and an SH3 domain; however, the region(s responsible for its interactions with actin filaments and focal adhesions are still unclear. In this study, we revealed that the N-terminal fragment from the LIM domain to the first nebulin-repeat module (LIM-n1 retained actin-binding activity and showed a similar subcellular localization to full-length lasp-2 in neural cells. The LIM domain fragment did not interact with actin filaments or localize to actin filament bundles. In contrast, LIM-n1 showed a clear subcellular localization to filopodial actin bundles. Although truncation of the LIM domain caused the loss of F-actin binding activity and the accumulation of filopodial actin bundles, these truncated fragments localized to focal adhesions. These results suggest that lasp-2 interactions with actin filaments are mediated through the cooperation of the LIM domain and the first nebulin-repeat module in vitro and in vivo. Actin filament binding activity may be a major contributor to the subcellular localization of lasp-2 to filopodia but is not crucial for lasp-2 recruitment to focal adhesions.
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Kearns-Sayre Sendromlu Bir Hastada Anestezi Yöntemi,
, A.Yektaş; Şinikoğlu, S. N.; Erol, M.; , M.Çömlekçi; Erkalp, K.
2012-01-01
Kearns-Sayre sendromu; Kronik-progresif, eksternal oftalmopleji ve pigmenter retina dejenerasyonu ile karakterize, 20 yaşından önce bulgu veren, mitokondriyal bir hastalıktır. Kearns-Sayre sendromlu hastalarda; potansiyel aspirasyon riski, zayıf faringeal kas kontrolü ve oral sekresyonlara bağlı hava yolu komplikasyonları nedeniyle, genel anestezi uygulaması dikkatli bir şekilde yürütülmelidir. Kalp iletim defektleri de hastalığın sık görülen ve önlenebilen ölümcül komplikasyonlarındandır. Bu...
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Albornos, Lucía; Martín, Ignacio; Iglesias, Rebeca; Jiménez, Teresa; Labrador, Emilia; Dopico, Berta
2012-11-07
Many proteins with tandem repeats in their sequence have been described and classified according to the length of the repeats: I) Repeats of short oligopeptides (from 2 to 20 amino acids), including structural cell wall proteins and arabinogalactan proteins. II) Repeats that range in length from 20 to 40 residues, including proteins with a well-established three-dimensional structure often involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. (III) Longer repeats in the order of 100 amino acids that constitute structurally and functionally independent units. Here we analyse ShooT specific (ST) proteins, a family of proteins with tandem repeats of unknown function that were first found in Leguminosae, and their possible similarities to other proteins with tandem repeats. ST protein sequences were only found in dicotyledonous plants, limited to several plant families, mainly the Fabaceae and the Asteraceae. ST mRNAs accumulate mainly in the roots and under biotic interactions. Most ST proteins have one or several Domain(s) of Unknown Function 2775 (DUF2775). All deduced ST proteins have a signal peptide, indicating that these proteins enter the secretory pathway, and the mature proteins have tandem repeat oligopeptides that share a hexapeptide (E/D)FEPRP followed by 4 partially conserved amino acids, which could determine a putative N-glycosylation signal, and a fully conserved tyrosine. In a phylogenetic tree, the sequences clade according to taxonomic group. A possible involvement in symbiosis and abiotic stress as well as in plant cell elongation is suggested, although different STs could play different roles in plant development. We describe a new family of proteins called ST whose presence is limited to the plant kingdom, specifically to a few families of dicotyledonous plants. They present 20 to 40 amino acid tandem repeat sequences with different characteristics (signal peptide, DUF2775 domain, conservative repeat regions) from the described group of 20 to 40
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Christopher Nolan’ın ‘Batman Üçlemesi’ Üzerine İdeolojik Bir İnceleme
BÖLÜKBAŞI, Mustafa
2013-01-01
Bu makalede bir süperkahraman anlatısı olarak Batman’in nasıl bir ideolojik anlamı olduğu sorgulanmaktadır. Bu amaçlaChristopher Nolan’ın çekmiş olduğu Batman Başlıyor (2005), Kara Şövalye (2008) ve Kara Şövalye Yükseliyor (2012) filmleri,altında yatan ideolojiyi ortaya serecek bir içerik analizine tabi tutulmaktadır. Bu incelemede, “kötülük” ile mücadeleetmek için neden bir Batman yaratıldığı, bunun nasıl bir amacının olabileceği, Batman’e kimin ihtiyaç duyduğu, kısacasıNolan’ın Batman üçlem...
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Güler, A; Deveci, E; Çiftçi, Ş; Toprak, Gökçay F; Şirin, H
2014-01-01
Serebral vazokonstrüksiyon sendromu serebral arterlerin reversibl multifokal vazokonstrüksiyonu ile karakterize bir tablodur. Postpartum serebral anjiyopati (PSA) eklampsisi olmayan kadınlarda sıklıkla doğumdan 1-4 hafta sonra görülen serebrovasküler hastalıktır. PSA komplikasyonu olarak daha çok intraserebral hemoraji ve serebral infarkt bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda, PSA'nın nadir bir komplikasyonu olan non-anevrizmal subaraknoid hemoraji saptanan bir olgu bildirilmektedir.
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Tüketim kültüründe etkili bir araç olarak reklamın işlevlerine dair genel bir değerlendirme
Elmasoğlu, Kamile
2017-01-01
Betimsel analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, tüketim kültürünün yayılmasında etkili bir araç olarak görülen reklamın rolüne dair genel bir değerlendirme sunmak hedeflenmektedir. Bu hedef dâhilinde, tüketim toplumu, tüketim kültürü ve reklamın tüketim kültürü içindeki işlevleri; çeşitli düşünürlerin görüşlerinden istifade edilerek tartışılmıştır. Tüketim kültürünün hakim olduğu bir toplumda reklama ilişkin çeşitli fikirlerin benimsendiği görülmektedir. Çalışma genel olarak değerlendir...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mehmet Emin Küçük
2004-06-01
Full Text Available No library in the world has the sufficient budget, space, and professionals to acquire all existing information sources, and to organise and serve the acquired materials. For this reason, libraries cooperate in collection development, cata loguing, providing access to the others' collections and document delivery. Aiming at evaluating the co-operation efforts during the Republican era from the perspective of the historical, organisational and practicable fields of implementation, this paper examines the library co-operation in Turkey. To determine the present situation, the Turkish National Library, General Directorate of Libraries and Publications, National Academic Network and Information Centr, and some special and school libraries in Ankara, Ministry of National Education, university libraries, consortia, and professional associations are examined, and the data gathered from literature and interviews are evaluated. In conclusion, it has been observed that in recent years, co-operation effort has gained momentum, two consortia have emerged to provide access to the electronic information sources, document delivery projects between university libraries have been started, but efforts in some practicable fields of co-operation, such as preparing union catalogues, sharing bibliographic data, and developing authority files have been unsuccessful. It has also been observed that there is lack of co-operation except among university libraries, and that institutions have failed in establishing a "common wisdom" and consequently in developing the skills of planning and organisation. Inadequacy of resources, legislation, and infrastructure, and most importantly the lack of dedication resulted in discontinuity of the ongoing projects and the production of the new ones. Dünyadaki hiç bir kütüphane varolan tüm bilgi kaynaklarını sağlama, düzenleme ve hizmete sunmada yeterli bütçe, bina ve profesyonele sahip değildir. Bu nedenle k
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Emily Ross
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Archivists processing documents rely on factors such as authorship and provenance to contextualize their materials and render them searchable. But in my past experience as an archives user, I repeatedly came across instances of anonymity: letters and diaries by unnamed authors or to unknown recipients, photographs of unknown subjects. In some cases this anonymity is a loss of information that was once there, but in other case it enabled the material to come into existence in the first place: such as in the case of satirical political poetry, for which a writer might face legal censure. In this literature review, the issue of anonymity in the archives is explored, both in a pragmatic sense (recommended strategies for managing it, and a philosophical sense (according anonymous documents the same status as documents with known authors./Arşivcilikte belgelerin işlenmesi, materyallerin kavramsallaştırılması ve aranabilir hale gelmesinde önemli olan yazarlık ve kaynak (menşe gibi faktörlere dayanmaktadır. Ancak bir arşiv kullanıcısı olarak deneyimlerimizde defalarca isimsiz yazarlar tarafından bilinmeyen kişilere atfedilmiş mektuplar ve günlükler, bilinmeyen konuların fotoğrafları gibi anonim eserlerle karşılaşmaktayız. Bir zamanlar bu anonimlik bazen bir bilgi kaybı olarak görülürken bazen de belgenin yazarının yasal kınamaya maruz kalabildiği hicivli siyasi bir şiir örneğinde olduğu gibi eserin ilk etapta ortaya çıkmasını sağlamaktaydı. Bu literatür taramasında arşivlerde anonimlik sorunu hem pragmatik anlamda (konunun yönetimi için önerilen stratejiler hem de felsefi anlamda (anonim belgelere uygun olarak bilinen yazarlı belgelerle aynı statüde ele alınmaktadır.
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Türkiye’de Sosyal Demokratların Avrupa Birliği’ne Yaklaşımları
ERDEM, Seçil
2008-01-01
Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği arasındaki ilişkiler ve bu süreci ilgilendiren güncel gelişmeler Türkiye’deki ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal dinamikler üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri olan önemli konulardır. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye’deki politik tartışmaların da önemli bir konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türk Sosyal Demokrasi Hareketi çerçevesi içindeki çeşitli politik unsurların Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi sürecindeki rolleri ve yaklaşımlarını analiz etm...
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Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A is an interacting protein for tropomyosin Tm5NM-1
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cao, Shenglan; Ho, Gay Hui; Lin, Valerie CL
2008-01-01
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A (TTC9A) protein is a recently identified protein which contains three tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) on its C-terminus. In our previous studies, we have shown that TTC9A was a hormonally-regulated gene in breast cancer cells. In this study, we found that TTC9A was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent controls (P < 0.00001), suggesting it might be involved in the breast cancer development process. The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the function of TTC9A. Breast samples from 25 patients including the malignant breast tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were processed for Southern blot analysis. Yeast-two-hybrid assay, GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to identify and verify the interaction between TTC9A and other proteins. Tropomyosin Tm5NM-1 was identified as one of the TTC9A partner proteins. The interaction between TTC9A and Tm5NM-1 was further confirmed by GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian cells. TTC9A domains required for the interaction were also characterized in this study. The results suggested that the first TPR domain and the linker fragment between the first two TPR domains of TTC9A were important for the interaction with Tm5NM-1 and the second and the third TPR might play an inhibitory role. Since the primary function of tropomyosin is to stabilize actin filament, its interaction with TTC9A may play a role in cell shape and motility. In our previous results, we have found that progesterone-induced TTC9A expression was associated with increased cell motility and cell spreading. We speculate that TTC9A acts as a chaperone protein to facilitate the function of tropomyosins in stabilizing microfilament and it may play a role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis
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pHis 317 Pro Mutasyonu Saptanmış Bir Mody Tip 2 Olgusu
BİNİCİ, Doğan Nasır; TİMUR, Özge; TURHAN, Aykut; ŞENYİĞİT2, Abdülhalim; FİLİZ, Murat; KİPER, Tuğba
2017-01-01
Genç yaşta ortaya çıkan erişkin tip diyabet [Maturity- onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)], otozomal dominant kalıtılan nadir bir diyabet türüdür. Tüm diyabet olgularının %1-2’sini oluşturur. MODY tip diyabet olgularının çoğunluğu yanlışlıkla tip 1 veya tip 2 diyabet tanısı almaktadır. Birçok tipi tanımlanmasına rağmen glukokinaz mutasyonu ile meydana gelen MODY tip 2 daha sık görülmektedir. Bu vaka sunumunda daha önce rastlanmamış bir mutasyon, pHis 317 Pro mutasyonu saptanmış MODY tip 2 olg...
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The leucine-rich repeat structure.
Bella, J; Hindle, K L; McEwan, P A; Lovell, S C
2008-08-01
The leucine-rich repeat is a widespread structural motif of 20-30 amino acids with a characteristic repetitive sequence pattern rich in leucines. Leucine-rich repeat domains are built from tandems of two or more repeats and form curved solenoid structures that are particularly suitable for protein-protein interactions. Thousands of protein sequences containing leucine-rich repeats have been identified by automatic annotation methods. Three-dimensional structures of leucine-rich repeat domains determined to date reveal a degree of structural variability that translates into the considerable functional versatility of this protein superfamily. As the essential structural principles become well established, the leucine-rich repeat architecture is emerging as an attractive framework for structural prediction and protein engineering. This review presents an update of the current understanding of leucine-rich repeat structure at the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels and discusses specific examples from recently determined three-dimensional structures.
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Crystal structures of the human G3BP1 NTF2-like domain visualize FxFG Nup Repeat Specificity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Vognsen, Tina Reinholdt; Möller, Ingvar Rúnar; Kristensen, Ole
2013-01-01
Ras GTPase Activating Protein SH3 Domain Binding Protein (G3BP) is a potential anti-cancer drug target implicated in several cellular functions. We have used protein crystallography to solve crystal structures of the human G3BP1 NTF2-like domain both alone and in complex with an FxFG Nup repeat...... peptide. Despite high structural similarity, the FxFG binding site is located between two alpha helices in the G3BP1 NTF2-like domain and not at the dimer interface as observed for nuclear transport factor 2. ITC studies showed specificity towards the FxFG motif but not FG and GLFG motifs. The unliganded...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Prabakar, K; Rao, S P Mallikarjun
2006-01-01
Acoustic emission (AE) has been studied during repeated polarization reversals (at 50 Hz) in hard PZT-8 ceramics. The AE and hysteresis loop were monitored at regular intervals of electric field (±20 kV cm -1 peak) application till 10 8 cycles. The sample did not fatigue and an increase in saturation polarization (Ps) was observed. AE was observed with zero threshold till 10 5 cycles when the field was increasing in both half cycles of the applied field. The initial increase in AE activity with increasing number of field cycles till 10 5 was explained on the basis of defect dipoles encouraging the 90 deg. domain switches, i.e. domain depinning. The decrease in AE activity, an increase in threshold field for the observed AE and a further increase in Ps after 10 5 cycles were explained based on the changes in the orientation of defect dipoles with respect to Ps due to the applied field cycles. This was found to encourage the 180 0 domain switches but pin the 90 deg. domains. An increase in AE at 10 8 cycles after applying a higher field of ±25 kV cm -1 was found to be mainly due to microcracking
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Duchenne Musküler Distrofili Bir Olguda Anestezi Yönetimi
KARAHAN, N.; AKSUN, M.; KOROĞLU, L.; GİRGİN, S.; ARAN, G.; AKHAN, G.; GÜRBÜZ, A.
2014-01-01
Duchenne Musküler Distrofi (DMD); X’e bağlı resesif olarak geçiş gösteren ilerleyici kas zayıflığı ve kas kontraktürleri ile karakterize kalıtımsal bir hastalıktır. En sık çocukluk yaşlarında ve 3.500 erkek doğumda 1 görülmektedir. Bu hastalarda anestezi yönetimi özellik göstermektedir. Çünkü inhalasyon anestezikleri ve süksinilkolin gibi ajanlar, hipermetabolik bir klinik tablo ile seyreden malign hipertermi gibi ölümcül komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Biz ventriküler septal defekt (VSD) nede...
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Tıpta işbirliği ve hukuksal sorunlar
Rosenau, Henning
2010-01-01
Tıpta işbirliği ve hukuksal sorunlar : tarih: 16-17 nisan 2010, Kurupelit Yerleskesi, Samsun = Delegation und Kooperation im Gesundheitswesen / ed.: Henning Rosenau ... - Samsun : Adalet, 2010. - XII, 331 S.
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Dialoogsüsteem ja läbirääkimiste struktuur
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mare Koit
2017-05-01
Full Text Available "Dialogue systems and the structure of negotiation" We are studying the negotiations in the Estonian dialogue corpus, with the aim of identifying the typical dialogue acts and communicative strategies used in the dialogues. Three sub-corpora have been analysed: 1 conversations between a travel agent and a customer who is planning a trip; 2 telemarketing calls where a sales clerk for an educational company argues that a customer should take a training course, and 3 everyday conversations where the initiator attempts to persuade the communication partner to perform an action. The structure of the different types of dialogues is represented as a sequence of dialogue acts and communicative strategies. The general structure of human-human negotiation is identified and described. This structure is compared with the structure of the negotiations carried out by an experimental dialogue system. The results can help to develop the dialogue system in order to make conversations with the system more human-like. Artiklis uuritakse eesti dialoogikorpuses leiduvaid inimestevahelisi läbirääkimisi, et välja selgitada sellistes dialoogides tüüpiliselt kasutatavad dialoogiaktid ja suhtlusstrateegiad. Analüüsitakse kolme alamkorpust: 1 dialooge reisibüroo agendi ja kliendi vahel, 2 müügiläbirääkimisi, kus koolitusfirma ametnik pakub võimalikule kliendile firma kursusi, ning 3 argivestlusi, kus kaks omavahel tuttavat osalejat püüavad saavutada kokkulepet teatava tegevuse tegemise suhtes. Erinevat tüüpi dialoogide struktuur esitatakse nii dialoogiaktide kui ka suhtlusstrateegiate järjendina ning nende andmete põhjal leitakse ka läbirääkimiste üldine struktuur. Seda struktuuri võrreldakse olemasoleva eksperimentaalse dialoogsüsteemiga peetavate läbirääkimiste struktuuriga. Tulemused võimaldavad dialoogsüsteemi edasi arendada, et muuta sellega suhtlemist inimlähedasemaks.
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Hüzün Turizmi Üzerine Bir Derleme
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet ÇELİK
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Gün geçtikçe değişen özel ilgi turları, kitle turizminin bölgelere vermiş olduğu fiziksel ve kültürel etkilerini azaltarak, yeni çekim merkezleri ve daha sürdürülebilir bir turizmi amaç edinmektedir. Hüzün turizmi, kişilerde geçmişe yönelik acı, keder, üzüntü, hüzün, empati, sempati, korku, nefret ve intikam gibi içsel duyguların yönlendirilmesi ile alternatif bir turizm hareketi olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Son on yılda başlayan hüzün turizminin akademik çalışmaları genel olarak destinasyon pazarlamasını ele almaktadır. Ölümün sadece turizm açısından değil, kültür ve sosyal olarak incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ulusal yayınlarda yer alan çalışmaların derlemesi yapılıp, isimlendirme konusunda yaşanan problemlere çözüm aranmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın yürütüldüğü zamana kadar belirlenen ve potansiyeli olan bölgeler incelenip bir araya getirilerek, literatüre tek çalışmada kazandırılması hedeflenmektedir
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Ben Chelbi, Mohamed; Melki, Fetheddine; Zargouni, Fouad
2006-05-01
30 km southwest of Tunis, two thin flaky 'Triassic' intrusions underline the two flanks of the Atlasic anticline of Bir Afou. These evaporites are interbedded within the Clansayesian shales, and are under and overlain by glauconitic conglomeratic contacts. The 'Triassic' flakes, topic of our study, are sourced from the Bir Afou Triassic mass after a rapid pouring out during Late Aptian extensional tectonics. This structure corresponds, for us, to a 'salt glacier', similar to that one described at Ben Gasseur by Vila and al. [J.M. Vila, M. Ben Youssef, M. Chikhaoui, M. Ghanmi, Bull. Soc. géol. France 167 (1996) 235-246], which was subsequently folded during Lower Eocene times. Middle and Upper Eocene transgressive formations unconformably deposited on top of the Aptian anticlinal hinge. The major Late Miocene compressive phase is responsible for the present structures and that are superimposed onto the pre-existing 'salt glacier'. This salifereous system extends the 'salt glacier' domain towards the eastern part of the Tunisian Atlas. To cite this article: M. Ben Chelbi et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).
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ULUSLARIN REKABET ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ VE ELMAS MODELI ÜZERINE BIR DEĞERLENDIRME
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Murat KOC
2014-07-01
Full Text Available Günümüzde, rekabet kavramı daha çok firma düzeyinde bir kavram olmakla beraber, artık ulusal düzeyde de ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Rekabet şartlarının değişken bir yapı içerisinde olması ve yaşanan küreselleşme, bir ulusun rekabet üstünlüğünün analiz edilebilmesi açısından yeni yöntemlerin uygulanması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu kapsamda Michael E. Porter, kapsamlı bir araştırma niteliği taşımakta olan, Elmas Modeli (Diamond Model’ni ortaya koymuştur. “Bazı ulusların neden diğerlerine göre belirli sektörlerde daha rekabetçi olduğu” sorusuna yanıt vermeye çalışılan model, belirli bir sektörde ulusal rekabet gücünü belirleyen bazı unsurların birbirleriyle ilişkili olarak incelenmesini öngörmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ulusların rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamasında Porter’ın literatüre kazandırdığı “Elmas Modeli” yaklaşımının değerlendirilmesi ve modele yönelik eleştirilerin ortaya konulmasıdır.
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Fiserova, Jindriska; Spink, Matthew; Richards, Shane A; Saunter, Christopher; Goldberg, Martin W
2014-01-01
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate nucleocytoplasmic movement. The central channel contains proteins with phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats, or variations (GLFG, glycine-leucine-phenylalanine-glycine). These are 'intrinsically disordered' and often represent weak interaction sites that become ordered upon interaction. We investigated this possibility during nuclear transport. Using electron microscopy of S. cerevisiae, we show that NPC cytoplasmic filaments form a dome-shaped structure enclosing GLFG domains. GLFG domains extend out of this structure and are part of an 'exclusion zone' that might act as a partial barrier to entry of transport-inert proteins. The anchor domain of a GLFG nucleoporin locates exclusively to the central channel. By contrast, the localisation of the GLFG domains varied between NPCs and could be cytoplasmic, central or nucleoplasmic and could stretch up to 80 nm. These results suggest a dynamic exchange between ordered and disordered states. In contrast to diffusion through the NPC, transport cargoes passed through the exclusion zone and accumulated near the central plane. We also show that movement of cargo through the NPC is accompanied by relocation of GLFG domains, suggesting that binding, restructuring and movement of these domains could be part of the translocation mechanism.
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Zamanın Bir Başlangıcı Olmalı mıdır?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zikri Yavuz
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Bu makalede, zamanın bir başlangıcı olup olmadığını tartışacağım. Büyük patlama modeline göre, evrenimiz sonsuz bir şekilde geçmişe sahip değildir. Bu, muhtemelen modern kozmolojinin en görkemli keşiflerinden birisidir. Buna rağmen bazı filozoflar zamanın zorunlu olarak bir başlangıcının olmadığını iddia etmektedirler. Büyük patlamanın âlemin zamansal bir başlangıcı olduğu görüşünü desteklediğini ileri süreceğim. Aynı zamanda zamanın başlangıcı olmadığına dair a priori argümanların da başarılı olmadığını göstermeyi deneyeceğim.
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FOTOVOLTAiK SiSTEMLERiN DENETLENMESi iÇiN YENi BiR KONTROL KARTI VE BiLGiSAYAR YAZILIMI
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mustafa Berkant SELEK
2008-02-01
Full Text Available Bu çalısmada, İzmir ili Bornova ilçesindeki Ege Üniversitesi Günes Enerjisi Enstitüsü bünyesinde kurulan bir yenilenebilir enerji sisteminin elektrik akısını kontrol eden bir mikroislemci kartı tasarlanmıs ve bilgisayar yazılımı gelistirilmistir. Bu amaçla, anahtarlama görevi yapan güç elektronigi devre elemanlarının bulundugu ayrı bir elektronik kartın kontrol islemini üstlenen PIC18F452 mikrodenetleyicisi kullanan bir elektronik devre gerçeklestirilmistir. Piyasadaki standart kontrol kartları tek seviyeli eviricilerin anahtarlanmasına olanak saglamaktadır. Gelistirilen kontrol kartı ise çok seviyeli eviricilerle çalısmak üzere tasarlanmıstır. Bunun yanı sıra, günes enerjisi panellerinin verimleri oldukça düsük oldugundan, günes panellerinin maksimum güç noktasında (MPP çalıstırmak çok önemlidir. Bu yüzden, tasarlanan kontrol kartı üzerinde MPP algoritması da bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, tasarlanan kontrol kartının üzerinde RS232 seri haberlesme arabirimi mevcuttur. Böylece, kontrol kartı üzerinde gerçeklestirilen tüm fonksiyonların kullanıcının istegine göre bir bilgisayar yazılımı aracılıgı ile seçilebilmesine ve istenirse kullanıcıya rapor olarak verilebilmesine olanak tanınmıstır. Son olarak, gelistirilen kontrol kartının, gelistirdigimiz yazılım ile haberlesebilmesi için bir komut seti olusturulmustur. Böylece, kendi kontrol kartını gelistirmek isteyen veya daha görsel bir yazılım gelistirmek isteyen diger arastırmacılar için ortak bir taban olusturulması hedeflenmistir.
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Turkiye’de Vergi Gelirlerinin Oynakligina Dair Bir Analiz
Tuba Ozsevinc; Erdal Yilmaz
2014-01-01
[TR] Vergi gelirlerinin oynakliginin dusuk olmasi, butce planlarini kolaylastirici bir role sahiptir. Bu calismada, degisim katsayisi ve vergi geliri istikrar katsayisi kullanilarak, Turkiye’de vergi gelirlerinin istikrarli olup olmadigi ortaya koyulmaya calisilmistir. Bu nedenle, 2007-2013 yillarina ait vergi gelirleri ele alinmistir. Calismanin sonuclari, Turkiye’de goreli en istikrarli vergi gelirinin, dolaysiz vergilerin en onemli bileseni olan gelir ve kazanc uzerinden alinan vergiler ol...
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Ankara Üniversitesi Kriz Merkezine başvuran yas olguları üzerine bir çalışma
ŞENELMİŞ, Halil
2006-01-01
Ankara Üniversitesi Kriz Merkezi'ne BaşvuranYas Olguları Üzerine Bir ÇalışmaSosyal bir varlık olan insan yaşam süreci içerisinde zorlayıcı, yıpratıcı, tehdit edicibirçok olay ve sorunla karşılaşır. Her zaman sorunlar karşısında kullandığı çözüm yollarınınişe yaramadığını gören kişi, kendisini çaresiz hisseder. Bu yaşanan bir kriz durumudur. Krizçeşitli duygusal zorlanmalar sonunda meydana gelen akut ve süresi sınırlı bir dengebozukluğudur.Kişinin yaşamı boyunca karşılaştı...
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Short consensus repeat domains extend the E-selectin structure in order to grab cells out of flow
Aleisa, Fajr A
2017-01-08
Selectins are key adhesion molecules responsible for initiating a multistep process that leads a cell out of the blood circulation and into a tissue or organ. They are composed of an N-terminal extracellular C-type lectin like domain, followed by an Endothelial Growth Factor like domain (EGF), a defined number of short consensus repeats SCR (also called “sushi” domains), a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The adhesion of cells (expressing ligands) to the endothelium (expressing the selection i.e., E-selectin) occurs through the interaction between the lectin domain of selectins and sLeX presenting ligands. Structural/function studies to date have mainly focused on investigating the influence of the lectin domain of E-selectin on its ability to bind its ligands while other domains received less atention. We prepared a number of different recombinant E-selectin proteins with changes in the SCR units. Specifically we generated wild-type E-selectin proteins as monomeric or dimeric structures, mutant proteins with varied numbers of SCRs as well as proteins where strategic residues were mutated to change the conformation of the selectin. Using a novel real time immunoprecipitation surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based in vitro binding study developed in our lab, the interaction of recombinant E-selectin proteins with immunoprecipitated endogenous ligands (i.e. CD44) captured on a CM-5 chip was assessed. These studies provided quantitative binding kinetics with on and off rates of selectin-ligand interactions and suggested that robust binding is dependent on the presence of the SCRs and oligomerization. These results provide significant implications on the functional mechanism of E-selectin binding to its ligands.
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Short consensus repeat domains extend the E-selectin structure in order to grab cells out of flow
Aleisa, Fajr A; Sakashita, Kosuke; Lee, Jaeman; Abu Samra, Dina Bashir Kamil; Habuchi, Satoshi; Kusakabe, Takahiro; Merzaban, Jasmeen
2017-01-01
Selectins are key adhesion molecules responsible for initiating a multistep process that leads a cell out of the blood circulation and into a tissue or organ. They are composed of an N-terminal extracellular C-type lectin like domain, followed by an Endothelial Growth Factor like domain (EGF), a defined number of short consensus repeats SCR (also called “sushi” domains), a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The adhesion of cells (expressing ligands) to the endothelium (expressing the selection i.e., E-selectin) occurs through the interaction between the lectin domain of selectins and sLeX presenting ligands. Structural/function studies to date have mainly focused on investigating the influence of the lectin domain of E-selectin on its ability to bind its ligands while other domains received less atention. We prepared a number of different recombinant E-selectin proteins with changes in the SCR units. Specifically we generated wild-type E-selectin proteins as monomeric or dimeric structures, mutant proteins with varied numbers of SCRs as well as proteins where strategic residues were mutated to change the conformation of the selectin. Using a novel real time immunoprecipitation surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based in vitro binding study developed in our lab, the interaction of recombinant E-selectin proteins with immunoprecipitated endogenous ligands (i.e. CD44) captured on a CM-5 chip was assessed. These studies provided quantitative binding kinetics with on and off rates of selectin-ligand interactions and suggested that robust binding is dependent on the presence of the SCRs and oligomerization. These results provide significant implications on the functional mechanism of E-selectin binding to its ligands.
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Tatil Kararı Verme Tarzına Dayalı Bir Tipoloji
DECROP, Alain; ZIDDA, Pietro
2008-01-01
Bu çalışmada, geleneksel sosyodemografik ve psikografik ölçütlerden ziyade, karar verme tarzı değişkenlerine dayalı, yeni bir turist tipolojisi sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada altı turist tipi tanımlanmaktadır: alışılmış turist, akılcı turist, hedonik turist, fırsatçı turist, kısıtlı turist ve uyumlu turist. Bu tipoloji, Belçikalı turistlerle yürütülen niteliksel bir çalışmanın sonuçlarının yorumlanması neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada, tipolojinin niceliksel olarak da geçerli kılınmasını sağ...
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Yerel Dokusunu Yitirmekte Olan Bir Kent: Malatya A City Losing Its Local Texture: Malatya
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zaliha İnci KARABACAK
2013-07-01
Full Text Available Turkey is a country that was built on Anatolia’s rich heritage in respect to historical, social, cultural and economical. This study approaches the changing face of Malatya which is one of the new big cities of Turkey. Change is one of the realities that can not be ignored. In social life, cities have emerged as spaces which are exposed to changes. Cities are being transformed for various reasons such as population growth, modern urbanization policies, economic interests. In some cases, the change is damaging the essence of the city. Today, the change shows its effect in this aspect on many cities. This situation causes many cities to lose the local texture of its’. Malatya distinguishes itself as an city with some characteristics of economic, geographic, social and cultural. But a significant portion of these distinctive values are being succumbed in the face of change. In this context in the study it’s elaborated on fall of; especially greenbelt which -Malatya’s the worldwide economic value-apricotes are grown on and Malatya’s traditional houses because of construction of boulevard, junction, multiplex housing to create a modern city. The values which are being lost in Malatya are expressed visually by nearby dated photos. In this study similar changes, which are often internalized by most of us in everyday city life, are bringing forward once again with the example of Malatya. So, it’s tried to wake up the consciousness of being more sensitive to these changes as an individual and a citizen. Bu çalışmada; tarihi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik bakımdan zengin bir mirasa ev sahipliği yapan Anadolu topraklarında kurulu Türkiye’nin yeni büyükşehirlerinden biri olan Malatya’nın bir süredir değişen çehresi ele alınmaktadır. Değişim, yaşamın gözardı edilemeyecek gerçeklerinden biridir. Toplumsal yaşamda kentler değişime maruz kalan mekanlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Kentler; nüfus art
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Kayseri İlinin Gastronomi Turizmine Yönelik Bir SWOT Analizi Çalışması
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Doç. Dr. Taşkın DENİZ
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Kayseri ili tarihi, kültürel ve doğal güzellikleri ile yüksek bir turizm potansiyeline sahiptir. Binlerce yıllık geçmişe sahip bir yerleşim merkezi olan Kayseri, farklı özelliklere sahip çok sayıda kültüre ev sahipliği yapması sebebi ile adeta bir kültür beşiği durumundadır. Söz konusu kültürel zenginliğin yansıması Kayseri mutfağında ve geleneksel lezzetlerinde de kendisini göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada literatür araştırması kapsamında Kayseri ilinin SWOT analizi ve Kayseri mutfağının gastronomi ürünleri açısından bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmış, Kayseri ilin gastronomi turizmi potansiyeli hakkında görüşler ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Kayserinin rakipleri arasında rekabet avantajı kazanmak, marka haline gelmek ve yerel ekonomiye katkıda bulunmak için gastronomi turizminden elde ettiği payı arttırması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.
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Nonlinear analysis of sequence repeats of multi-domain proteins
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Huang Yanzhao [Biomolecular Physics and Modeling Group, Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei (China); Li Mingfeng [Biomolecular Physics and Modeling Group, Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei (China); Xiao Yi [Biomolecular Physics and Modeling Group, Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei (China)]. E-mail: lmf_bill@sina.com
2007-11-15
Many multi-domain proteins have repetitive three-dimensional structures but nearly-random amino acid sequences. In the present paper, by using a modified recurrence plot proposed by us previously, we show that these amino acid sequences have hidden repetitions in fact. These results indicate that the repetitive domain structures are encoded by the repetitive sequences. This also gives a method to detect the repetitive domain structures directly from amino acid sequences.
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Magista, Malida; Nuryanti, Archadian; Wahyudi, Ivan Arie
2014-01-01
Erosi gigi merupakan hilangnya lapisan email gigi karena asam. Jenis asam, pH rendah, serta kandungan kalsium, fosfat, dan fluoride pada bir dan tuak diduga merupakan faktor kimiawi penyebab erosi gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 sampel gigi premolar pertama atas. Setiap gigi dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, bukal dan palatal. kemudian dibagi m...
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Magista, Malida; Nuryanti, Archadian; Wahyudi, Ivan Arie
2014-01-01
Erosi gigi merupakan hilangnya lapisan email gigi karena asam. Jenis asam, pH rendah, serta kandungan kalsium, fosfat, dan fluoride pada bir dan tuak diduga merupakan faktor kimiawi penyebab erosi gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 sampel gigi premolar pertama atas. Setiap gigi dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, bukal dan palatal. kemudian dibagi m...
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Hepatit A'ya Bağlı Guillain-Barre Sendromu: Nadir Bir Birliktelik
Canpolat, Mehmet; Ceylan, Özgür; Çelik, İlknur; Bayram, Ayşe Kaçar; Per, Hüseyin; Doğanay, Selim; Gümüş, Hakan; Aslan, Duran; Kumandaş, Sefer
2015-01-01
Guillain Barre Sendromu (GBS), çocukluktan ileri yaşlara kadar her yaş grubunda rastlanabilen, akut başlangıçlı, simetrik ve jeneralize kas güçsüzlüğü, arefleksi ve periferik sinirlerin inflamatuvar demyelinizasyonu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. GBS 'un patogenezi net olarak bilinmemekle birlikte otoimmun bir hastalık olduğu düşünülmektedir. Guillian-Barre Sendromu(GBS) ile enfeksiyon hastalıkları arasındaki ilişki iyi bilinmektedir. Hepatit A enfeksiyonu sırasında GBS gelişimi nadir ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Malida Magista
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Erosi gigi merupakan hilangnya lapisan email gigi karena asam. Jenis asam, pH rendah, serta kandungan kalsium, fosfat, dan fluoride pada bir dan tuak diduga merupakan faktor kimiawi penyebab erosi gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 sampel gigi premolar pertama atas. Setiap gigi dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, bukal dan palatal. kemudian dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok (A1 perendaman dalam bir (ringan; (A2 kelompok perendaman dalam bir sedang; kelompok (A3 perendaman dalam bir berat, kelompok (B1: perendaman dalam tuak ringan, (B2: perendaman dalam tuak sedang, (B3: perendaman dalam tuak berat dan kelompok kontrol (C. Uji kekerasan email gigi dilakukan menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Pengujian kekerasan awal email gigi dilakukan sebelum perendaman gigi. Perendaman gigi premolar pertama atas pada bir dan tuak dilakukan selama 10 detik, 50 detik, dan 250 detik perhari dengan penyimpanan subjek penelitian pada saliva buatan. Uji kekerasan akhir email gigi dilakukan setelah perlakuan selama 30 hari. Nilai perubahan kekerasan email gigi merupakan selisih nilai kekerasan akhir dan nilai kekerasan awal email gigi. Sebagai tambahan data, pada bir dan tuak juga diukur kandungan pH, kalsium, dan fosfor. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANAVA dua jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil analisis ANAVA dua jalur menujukkan bahwa jenis minuman dan lama perendaman berpengaruh bermakna terhadap kekerasan email gigi (p<0,05. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rerata yang signifikan (p<0,05 antar kelompok uji bir dan tuak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak dan lama perendaman terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro. The Effect Of Contact Time And Alcohol Beverages Beer And Tuak On Human Dental Enamel Hardness (In
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Computational study of the human dystrophin repeats: interaction properties and molecular dynamics.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Baptiste Legrand
Full Text Available Dystrophin is a large protein involved in the rare genetic disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD. It functions as a mechanical linker between the cytoskeleton and the sarcolemma, and is able to resist shear stresses during muscle activity. In all, 75% of the dystrophin molecule consists of a large central rod domain made up of 24 repeat units that share high structural homology with spectrin-like repeats. However, in the absence of any high-resolution structure of these repeats, the molecular basis of dystrophin central domain's functions has not yet been deciphered. In this context, we have performed a computational study of the whole dystrophin central rod domain based on the rational homology modeling of successive and overlapping tandem repeats and the analysis of their surface properties. Each tandem repeat has very specific surface properties that make it unique. However, the repeats share enough electrostatic-surface similarities to be grouped into four separate clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations of four representative tandem repeats reveal specific flexibility or bending properties depending on the repeat sequence. We thus suggest that the dystrophin central rod domain is constituted of seven biologically relevant sub-domains. Our results provide evidence for the role of the dystrophin central rod domain as a scaffold platform with a wide range of surface features and biophysical properties allowing it to interact with its various known partners such as proteins and membrane lipids. This new integrative view is strongly supported by the previous experimental works that investigated the isolated domains and the observed heterogeneity of the severity of dystrophin related pathologies, especially Becker muscular dystrophy.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet Efe
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Kurumsal kaynak planlaması (ERP ve insan kaynakları yönetimi (HRM sistemleri sayesinde fiziki, beşeri, fikri ve mali kaynakların yönetimi gibi kavramlar, standartlar ve gerektirdikleri uygulamalar işletmecilik ve kamu yönetimi alanına girmiştir. Ancak kaynak optimizasyonu yaklaşımı ise ilk defa bir yönetişim hedefi ve süreci olarak yapılandırılması olarak COBİT-5 ile ortaya atılmıştır. Bu çalışmada kaynak optimizasyonu ile ilgili olarak Türkiye’de kalkınma ajansları (KA ve bölgesel gelişme dinamiklerinde yapılandırılmış bir yaklaşımın mevcut olmadığından dolayı Devlet Denetleme Kurulu (DDK tarafından belirlenmiş olan kurumsal sorunların çekirdek nedenleri araştırma problemi olarak ele alınmaktadır. COBIT-5 kaynak optimizasyonu ile ilgili modellemesinin KA dinamiklerine uyabilecek ve ilişkili kurumsal sorunları çözebilecek bir modellemenin olanaklı olduğu araştırmamızda iddia edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede yapılan analizler sonucunda kaynak optimizasyonu sürecinin KA dinamiklerinde nasıl işletilebileceği, kilit performans göstergeleri, kriter faaliyetler ile süreçlerde sorumlu, mesul, danışılan ve bilgilendirilen rollerin neler olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
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Danışman, Sümeyra Alpaslan
2013-01-01
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeni liderlik yaklaşımları açısından Japon bir lider ve yönetici olanKonosuke MATSUSHITA’nın liderlik davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Japonya’nın günümüzdekihaline gelmesinde büyük katkısı olan Matsushita’nın seçilmesinin nedeni;Matsushita’nın liderlik davranışlarının John P. Kotter tarafından Matsushita Liderliği adlıbir yaklaşım olarak öne sürülmesidir. Yani bir doğu liderinden ziyade, bir doğu liderliği,batı liderlik yaklaşımlarınca analiz edilmiştir. Günümüzün modern ...
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Kas sugu on läbirääkimistel tähtis
2006-01-01
Ülevaade Harvard Business Schooli uudiskirja Working Knowledge 2006. aasta veebruari numbris ilmunud Dina W. Pradel'i, Hannah Riley Bowles'i ja Kathleen L. McGinn'i artiklist inimese soo mõjust läbirääkimistele
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Põhja-Korea lahkus tuumaläbirääkimistelt / Jüri Piirisild
Piirisild, Jüri
2005-01-01
Põhja-Korea teatas tuumaprogrammi alaste läbirääkimiste tähtajatust katkestamisest. Analüütikute arvates peaks USA pehmendama oma jäika hoiakut Põhja-Korea suhtes ning püüdma senisest aktiivsemalt leida kriisile lahendust
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Mulepati, Sabin; Bailey, Scott
2011-09-09
RNA transcribed from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) protects many prokaryotes from invasion by foreign DNA such as viruses, conjugative plasmids, and transposable elements. Cas3 (CRISPR-associated protein 3) is essential for this CRISPR protection and is thought to mediate cleavage of the foreign DNA through its N-terminal histidine-aspartate (HD) domain. We report here the 1.8 Å crystal structure of the HD domain of Cas3 from Thermus thermophilus HB8. Structural and biochemical studies predict that this enzyme binds two metal ions at its active site. We also demonstrate that the single-stranded DNA endonuclease activity of this T. thermophilus domain is activated not by magnesium but by transition metal ions such as manganese and nickel. Structure-guided mutagenesis confirms the importance of the metal-binding residues for the nuclease activity and identifies other active site residues. Overall, these results provide a framework for understanding the role of Cas3 in the CRISPR system.
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Endüstriyel İşletmelerde Franchising Model Önerisi: Hazır Beton Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İpek Kazançoğlu
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Endüstriyel pazarda faaliyet gösteren firmaların daha hızlı büyüyerek, yeni pazarlara açılmasında franchising sistemi bir yeni bir satış, dağıtım kanalı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu araştırmada amaç, hazır beton sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın franchising sistemini bir iş modeli olarak benimseme kararında dikkat etmesi gereken unsurları ve karşılaşılan zorlukları incelemektedir. Örnek olay çalışması olarak ele alınan çalışmada, BATIBETON A.Ş. firmasının yedi yöneticiyle BATIBETON markasının franchising uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşlerini öğrenmek amacıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmeler sonucunda, franchising sisteminin hazır beton sektöründe bir model önerisi olarak uygulanıp/uygulanmayacağı değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen bulguların diğer endüstriyel işletmeler içinde geliştirilebilecek bir franchising iş modeli kararında etkili olabilecek faktörlerin anlaşılması yönünden uygulamaya katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
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Bahçe, Abdullah; Gümüş, Öner
2016-01-01
ÖzNükleer enerji birçok ülkenin birbirine karşı üstünlük sağlamada kullanabildikleri bir araçtır. Bunun temel sebebi de nükleer enerjinin ekonomik ve mali getiri sağlayarak ülkelerin kalkınmalarını etkileyebilecek bir potansiyele sahip olmasıdır. Bu yönüyle nükleer enerji, verginin doğmasına neden olacak bir etkiye de sahiptir. Türkiye’de ise nükleer enerji üretilememektedir. Bununla birlikte diğer enerji çeşitlerinin üretimi söz konusudur ve bu enerji çeşitlerinden üretilen mal ve hizmetler...
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Slootweg, Erik J; Spiridon, Laurentiu N; Roosien, Jan; Butterbach, Patrick; Pomp, Rikus; Westerhof, Lotte; Wilbers, Ruud; Bakker, Erin; Bakker, Jaap; Petrescu, Andrei-José; Smant, Geert; Goverse, Aska
2013-07-01
Many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain, NB-ARC, is tethered to a LRR sensor domain. The cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly understood. Here, we report structural determinants governing the interaction between the NB-ARC and LRR in the highly homologous plant immune receptors Gpa2 and Rx1, which recognize the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Potato virus X, respectively. Systematic shuffling of polymorphic sites between Gpa2 and Rx1 showed that a minimal region in the ARC2 and N-terminal repeats of the LRR domain coordinate the activation state of the protein. We identified two closely spaced amino acid residues in this region of the ARC2 (positions 401 and 403) that distinguish between autoactivation and effector-triggered activation. Furthermore, a highly acidic loop region in the ARC2 domain and basic patches in the N-terminal end of the LRR domain were demonstrated to be required for the physical interaction between the ARC2 and LRR. The NB-ARC and LRR domains dissociate upon effector-dependent activation, and the complementary-charged regions are predicted to mediate a fast reassociation, enabling multiple rounds of activation. Finally, we present a mechanistic model showing how the ARC2, NB, and N-terminal half of the LRR form a clamp, which regulates the dissociation and reassociation of the switch and sensor domains in NB-LRR proteins.
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Robinson, Graham C; Vegunta, Yogesh; Gabus, Caroline; Gaubitz, Christl; Thore, Stéphane
2017-05-01
The Target of Rapamycin Complex is a central controller of cell growth and differentiation in eukaryotes. Its global architecture has been described by cryoelectron microscopy, and regions of its central TOR protein have been described by X-ray crystallography. However, the N-terminal region of this protein, which consists of a series of HEAT repeats, remains uncharacterised at high resolution, most likely due to the absence of a suitable purification procedure. Here, we present a robust method for the preparation of the HEAT-repeat domain, utilizing the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum as a source organism. We describe construct design and stable expression in insect cells. An efficient two-step purification procedure is presented, and the purified product is characterised by SEC and MALDI-TOF MS. The methods described pave the way for a complete high-resolution characterisation of this elusive region of the TOR protein. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Fermente bir Soya Ürünü “Miso”
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kamuran Ayhan
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Miso, Uzakdoğu’da üretilen ve insanlarca fazla miktarda tüketilen fermente bir soya ürünüdür. Miso üretiminde hammadde olarak soya fasulyesi, pirinç veya arpa, tuz ve mikroorganizma kültürü (Aspergillus oryzae kullanılmaktadır. Miso’nun rengi koyu kahverenginden açık sarıya kadar değişim göstermektedir. Fermentasyon sırasında soya fasulyesinde bulunan protein, karbonhidrat ve yağlar daha basit bileşim unsurlarına parçalanmaktadır. Miso, %12.5-19.0 protein, %1.4-6.9 yağ, %5.5-13 oranında tuz içermekte, lezzet verici bir gıda maddesi özelliği taşımaktadır. Miso özellikle esansiyel amino asitlerce zengindir. Protein kalitesini belirleyen NPU (Net protein kullanımı değeri misoda %72’dir. Protein kalitesi açısından bilinen protein kaynaklı gıdalar içinde ilk sırayı almaktadır.
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Bir Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmeninin WebQuestin Uygulamasına Yönelik Görüşü
Kurtuluş, Aytaç; Ada, Tuba; Yanık, H. Bahadır
2014-01-01
t. Bu çalışmada bir WebQuest etkinliğini sınıfında ilk defa uygulayan bir ortaokul matematik öğretmeninin WebQuestin uygulama sürecine ve öğrencileri üzerinde bıraktığı etkisine yönelik görüşü incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmen histogram konusuna yönelik hazırlamış olduğu bir WebQuest etkinliğini 8. sınıf öğrencilerine proje ödevi olarak uygulamıştır. Bu çalışma olgubilim araştırması olarak tasarlanmış olup, veriler öğretmenle uygulama sırasında ve sonunda yapılan görüşm...
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Bir Buzağıda Notomeli (Notomelia) ve Pakomeli (Phocomelia) Olgusu
HAYAT, Ali
2013-01-01
Bu vaka takdiminde, 15 günlük dişi melez bir buzağıda notomeli ve pakomeli anomalisi klinik ve radyolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Notomelie ve pakomeli olgusunun buzağılarda çok nadir görülmesi ve ilginç olmasından dolayı bu vaka rapor edilmiştir.
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Marzo, Mar; Liu, Danxu; Ruiz, Alfredo; Chalmers, Ronald
2013-08-01
Galileo is a DNA transposon responsible for the generation of several chromosomal inversions in Drosophila. In contrast to other members of the P-element superfamily, it has unusually long terminal inverted-repeats (TIRs) that resemble those of Foldback elements. To investigate the function of the long TIRs we derived consensus and ancestral sequences for the Galileo transposase in three species of Drosophilids. Following gene synthesis, we expressed and purified their constituent THAP domains and tested their binding activity towards the respective Galileo TIRs. DNase I footprinting located the most proximal DNA binding site about 70 bp from the transposon end. Using this sequence we identified further binding sites in the tandem repeats that are found within the long TIRs. This suggests that the synaptic complex between Galileo ends may be a complicated structure containing higher-order multimers of the transposase. We also attempted to reconstitute Galileo transposition in Drosophila embryos but no events were detected. Thus, although the limited numbers of Galileo copies in each genome were sufficient to provide functional consensus sequences for the THAP domains, they do not specify a fully active transposase. Since the THAP recognition sequence is short, and will occur many times in a large genome, it seems likely that the multiple binding sites within the long, internally repetitive, TIRs of Galileo and other Foldback-like elements may provide the transposase with its binding specificity. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Ahlaki sıkıntı: Türkiye’de sağlık alanında gündeme gelmeyen bir boyut
Gülay Yıldırım; Dilek Özden; Şerife Karagözoğlu
2013-01-01
Özet Ahlaki sıkıntı (moral distres) sağlık bakım alanlarında çalışan profesyoneller ve yöneticilerde yaygın olarak yaşanan bir problemdir. Ahlaki sıkıntı, bir profesyonelin yapılacak doğru eylemi bildiği halde engeller nedeniyle doğru eylemi gerçekleştirememesi durumunda yaşadığı bir sıkıntıdır. Bireysel ve kurumsal birçok durumun neden olduğu ahlaki sıkıntı, sağlık profesyonellerinde öfke ve engellenme duygusundan iş doyumunda azalmaya, tükenmişlik ve meslekten ayrılmaya kadar önemli sonuçla...
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Highly sensitive detection of individual HEAT and ARM repeats with HHpred and COACH.
Kippert, Fred; Gerloff, Dietlind L
2009-09-24
HEAT and ARM repeats occur in a large number of eukaryotic proteins. As these repeats are often highly diverged, the prediction of HEAT or ARM domains can be challenging. Except for the most clear-cut cases, identification at the individual repeat level is indispensable, in particular for determining domain boundaries. However, methods using single sequence queries do not have the sensitivity required to deal with more divergent repeats and, when applied to proteins with known structures, in some cases failed to detect a single repeat. Testing algorithms which use multiple sequence alignments as queries, we found two of them, HHpred and COACH, to detect HEAT and ARM repeats with greatly enhanced sensitivity. Calibration against experimentally determined structures suggests the use of three score classes with increasing confidence in the prediction, and prediction thresholds for each method. When we applied a new protocol using both HHpred and COACH to these structures, it detected 82% of HEAT repeats and 90% of ARM repeats, with the minimum for a given protein of 57% for HEAT repeats and 60% for ARM repeats. Application to bona fide HEAT and ARM proteins or domains indicated that similar numbers can be expected for the full complement of HEAT/ARM proteins. A systematic screen of the Protein Data Bank for false positive hits revealed their number to be low, in particular for ARM repeats. Double false positive hits for a given protein were rare for HEAT and not at all observed for ARM repeats. In combination with fold prediction and consistency checking (multiple sequence alignments, secondary structure prediction, and position analysis), repeat prediction with the new HHpred/COACH protocol dramatically improves prediction in the twilight zone of fold prediction methods, as well as the delineation of HEAT/ARM domain boundaries. A protocol is presented for the identification of individual HEAT or ARM repeats which is straightforward to implement. It provides high
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Dünya Denizcilik Eğitim Faaliyetleriyle İlgili Genel Bir Kıyaslama
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Feramuz AŞKIN
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Deniz taşımacılığındaki artan profesyonelleşme gereksinimleri bu alanda hizmet veren personel ve mürettebatın aynı düzeyde eğitim alması ile cevap bulacaktır. Bu da eğitim veren kurum ve üniversitelerin belirli bir standartta eğitim vermesi ile mümkün olacaktır. Burada üzerinde durulması gereken konu eğitim veren kurumların eğitim düzeylerinin alt ve üst noktası arasındaki farkın mümkün mertebede birbirine yakın olması ile belirli bir kalite düzeyinde tutulabilecek olmasıdır. Bunun için eğitim veren kurumların uyması gereken başta STCW Manila kararları gibi uluslararası standartlar olmak üzere, iç mevzuatlar, çeşitli idarelerin önerileri ve kararları, EMSA gibi denetleyici birimlerin üzerinde durmuş olduğu çeşitli standartlar bir dayanak noktası oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışmada yazarlar, farklı düzeylerde eğitim veren örnek eğitim sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması yolu ile bu standartların uygulanması hususunu göz önüne sermeyi hedeflemektedir. Böylece bu bildirinin yazım amacı olan ve standartlarla genel kaideleri belirlenmiş daha kaliteli ve profesyonel eğitim sistemine geçişe katkıda bulunulabilecektir.
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İletişim Çalışmalarında Yeni Bir Mecra: Finansal İletişim
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gökhan Gökgöz
2013-09-01
Full Text Available 1970’li yıllar toplumsal ve politik tarih açısından önemli bir uğrağı temsil eder. Bu yılların başında yaşanan kriz, ekonominin işleyiş süreçlerini, devletin yapısını ve toplumsal alanın tasavvur edilme biçimini büyük ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu dönemde, finansal sermaye, kapitalizm içerisinde bir hegemonik lider olarak ön plana çıkmış; devlet, bir yandan üretimin çekirdeğinden uzak bir yerde konumlandırılırken diğer yandan paranın dolaşım kanallarının rehabilitasyonu işine odaklanmış; insana ilişkin değerler, kültürel mefhumlar ve toplumsal pratikler ise birer değişken olarak ekonomi-politikanın merkezine taşınmıştır. Kültür ile ekonomi arasındaki geleneksel ilişki bozulmuş; bir ekonomi-politikanın başarısı, toplumsal aktörlere temas etme kabiliyeti ile paralel hale gelmiştir. Finansallaşma sürecinde bu temas, iletişim politikaları vasıtasıyla sağlanır; ekonomi-politika ve bundan sorumlu merkezi kurumlarla toplumsal alan arasındaki bağ, iletişim stratejileri üzerinden kurulur; ekonomik alan ile kültürel alan arasındaki boşluk, iletişim kanalları içerisinden taşınan enformasyon marifetiyle doldurulur; insana ilişkin öngörülemezlikler, iletişim süreçleri vasıtasıyla öngörülebilir kılınır. Bu çalışmada, iletişim çalışmaları içerisinde yeni bir mecra olarak çağrılan “finansal iletişim”in farklı temas noktalarına işaret edilecek ve her bir uğrağın finansal iletişim alanına bağlandığı nokta, modeller üzerinden gösterilecektir.
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The Pentapeptide Repeat Proteins
Vetting, Matthew W.; Hegde, Subray S.; Fajardo, J. Eduardo; Fiser, Andras; Roderick, Steven L.; Takiff, Howard E.; Blanchard, John S.
2006-01-01
The Pentapeptide Repeat Protein (PRP) family has over 500 members in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. These proteins are composed of, or contain domains composed of, tandemly repeated amino acid sequences with a consensus sequence of [S,T,A,V][D,N][L,F]-[S,T,R][G]. The biochemical function of the vast majority of PRP family members is unknown. The three-dimensional structure of the first member of the PRP family was determined for the fluoroquinolone resistance protein (MfpA) from Myc...
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The use of multifrequency and polarimetric SIR-C/X-SAR data in geologic studies of Bir Safsaf, Egypt
Schaber, G.G.; McCauley, J.F.; Breed, C.S.
1997-01-01
Bir Safsaf, within the hyperarid 'core' of the Sahara in the Western Desert of Egypt, was recognized following the SIR-A and SIR-B missions in the 1980s as one of the key localities in northeast Africa, where penetration of dry sand by radar signals delineates previously unknown, sand-buried paleodrainage valleys ('radar-rivers') of middle Tertiary to Quaternary age. The Bir Safsaf area was targeted as a focal point for further research in sand penetration and geologic mapping using the multifrequency and polarimetric SIR-C/X-SAR sensors. Analysis of the SIR-C/X-SAR data from Bir Safsaf provides important new information on the roles of multiple SAR frequency and polarimetry in portraying specific types of geologic units, materials, and structures mostly hidden from view on the ground and on Landsat TM images by a relatively thin, but extensive blanket of blow sand. Basement rock units (granitoids and gneisses) and the fractures associated with them at Bir Safsaf are shown here for the first time to be clearly delineated using C- and L-band SAR images. The detectability of most geologic features is dependent primarily on radar frequency, as shown for wind erosion patterns in bedrock at X-band (3 cm wavelength), and for geologic units and sand and clay-filled fractures in weathered crystal-line basement rocks at C-band (6 cm) and L-band (24 cm). By contrast, Quaternary paleodrainage channels are detectable at all three radar frequencies owing, among other things, to an usually thin cover of blow sand. The SIR-C/X-SAR data investigated to date enable us to make specific recommendations about the utility of certain radar sensor configurations for geologic and paleoenvironmental reconnaissance in desert regions.Analysis of the shuttle imaging radar-C/X-synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) data from Bir Safsaf provides important new information on the roles of multiple SAR frequency and polarimetry in portraying specific types of geologic units, materials, and
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BIRS - Bioterrorism Information Retrieval System.
Tewari, Ashish Kumar; Rashi; Wadhwa, Gulshan; Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar; Jain, Chakresh Kumar
2013-01-01
Bioterrorism is the intended use of pathogenic strains of microbes to widen terror in a population. There is a definite need to promote research for development of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostic methods as a part of preparedness to any bioterror attack in the future. BIRS is an open-access database of collective information on the organisms related to bioterrorism. The architecture of database utilizes the current open-source technology viz PHP ver 5.3.19, MySQL and IIS server under windows platform for database designing. Database stores information on literature, generic- information and unique pathways of about 10 microorganisms involved in bioterrorism. This may serve as a collective repository to accelerate the drug discovery and vaccines designing process against such bioterrorist agents (microbes). The available data has been validated from various online resources and literature mining in order to provide the user with a comprehensive information system. The database is freely available at http://www.bioterrorism.biowaves.org.
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Walker, Sarah E; Zhou, Fujun; Mitchell, Sarah F; Larson, Victoria S; Valasek, Leos; Hinnebusch, Alan G; Lorsch, Jon R
2013-02-01
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)4B stimulates recruitment of mRNA to the 43S ribosomal pre-initiation complex (PIC). Yeast eIF4B (yeIF4B), shown previously to bind single-stranded (ss) RNA, consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD), predicted to be unstructured in solution; an RNA-recognition motif (RRM); an unusual domain comprised of seven imperfect repeats of 26 amino acids; and a C-terminal domain. Although the mechanism of yeIF4B action has remained obscure, most models have suggested central roles for its RRM and ssRNA-binding activity. We have dissected the functions of yeIF4B's domains and show that the RRM and its ssRNA-binding activity are dispensable in vitro and in vivo. Instead, our data indicate that the 7-repeats and NTD are the most critical domains, which mediate binding of yeIF4B to the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit via interaction with Rps20. This interaction induces structural changes in the ribosome's mRNA entry channel that could facilitate mRNA loading. We also show that yeIF4B strongly promotes productive interaction of eIF4A with the 43S•mRNA PIC in a manner required for efficient mRNA recruitment.
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İbn Haldun'un mukaddimequot123sinde toplumun yasalarını keşfeden bir düşünce etkinliği olarak tarih
KARACA, Çağlar
2011-01-01
ÖZET Bu çalıĢmada, Ġbn Haldun‟un tarih anlayıĢı ve toplumun yasalarını keĢfeden bir tarih bilimine katkısı incelenmiĢtir. Ġbn Haldun, kendinden sonraki birçok tarih görüĢüne esin kaynağı olmuĢtur. Ancak onun ününün yanında, Mukaddime‟deki fikirlerin ve tarihsel etkinliğin kuramsal bir değerlendirmesi sönük kalmıĢtır. Ġbn Haldun, kurucusu olduğu umran biliminde tarihsel zorunlulukları, toplumun hal ve tavırlarını keĢfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bir Ġslam bilgini olarak, Aristoteles‟ten et...
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Läbirääkijate viis lemmikviga / Max H. Bazerman, Don A Moore
Bazerman, Max H.
2008-01-01
Harvardi Ärikooli professorid annavad nõu, mida teha siis, kui jäädakse läbirääkimistel liigselt pidama esimese pakkumise külge, ollakse jäärapäine, minnakse liiale enesekindlusega või keskendutakse liiga kitsale eesmärgile
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Naruto, Keiko; Minoura, Katsuhiko; Okuda, Ryouhei; Taniguchi, Taizo; In, Yasuko; Ishida, Toshimasa; Tomoo, Koji
2010-10-08
Investigation of the mechanism of tau polymerization is indispensable for finding inhibitory conditions or identifying compounds preventing the formation of paired helical filament or oligomers. Tau contains a microtubule-binding domain consisting of three or four repeats in its C-terminal half. It has been considered that the key event in tau polymerization is the formation of a β-sheet structure arising from a short hexapeptide (306)VQIVYK(311) in the third repeat of tau. In this paper, we report for the first time that the C-H⋯π interaction between Ile308 and Tyr310 is the elemental structural scaffold essential for forming a dry "steric zipper" structure in tau amyloid fibrils. Copyright © 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Verardi, Raffaello; Kim, Jin-Sik; Ghirlando, Rodolfo; Banerjee, Anirban
2017-09-01
DHHC enzymes catalyze palmitoylation, a major post-translational modification that regulates a number of key cellular processes. There are up to 24 DHHCs in mammals and hundreds of substrate proteins that get palmitoylated. However, how DHHC enzymes engage with their substrates is still poorly understood. There is currently no structural information about the interaction between any DHHC enzyme and protein substrates. In this study we have investigated the structural and thermodynamic bases of interaction between the ankyrin repeat domain of human DHHC17 (ANK17) and Snap25b. We solved a high-resolution crystal structure of the complex between ANK17 and a peptide fragment of Snap25b. Through structure-guided mutagenesis, we discovered key residues in DHHC17 that are critically important for interaction with Snap25b. We further extended our finding by showing that the same residues are also crucial for the interaction of DHHC17 with Huntingtin, one of its most physiologically relevant substrates.
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Yalın üretim için değer akış haritalandırma ve simülasyon: Mobilya sektöründe bir uygulama
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Hacer Güner Gören
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Pazarda yoğun rekabetin artması sonucu, yalın prensipler birçok işletme tarafından takip edilmektedir. Bu prensipler, israfları azaltarak ve yok ederek operasyonların etkinliğini artırmaya odaklanmaktadır. Yalın olabilmek için ise birçok değişik teknik ve yöntem uygulanmaktadır. Bu tekniklerden biri de kolaylıkla farklı sektörlere uygulanabilen Değer Akış Haritalandırmadır (DAH. Fakat, DAH sadece bir organizasyonun mevcut durumunu gösteren statik bir araçtır. Bu eksikliği giderebilmek adına, önerilen iyileştirmelerin değerlendirilmesini kolayca yapabilen simülasyon yardımcı teknik olarak yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, israfın çok olduğu mobilya sektörüne yönelik DAH ve simülasyonu birleştiren bir endüstriyel uygulama örneği sunmaktadır. Belirlenen bir ürün ailesine yönelik iyileştirme önerileri ile birlikte mevcut ve gelecek durum haritaları DAH kullanılarak açıklanmıştır. Bir simülasyon modeli oluşturularak “önce” ve “sonra” senaryoları detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir.
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Türkiye’de entomofagi hakkında bir kamuoyu araştırması
CANHİLAL, Ramazan; YÜKSEL, Ebubekir
2018-01-01
Yenilebilir böcekler, gelecekte dünyanın gıda kıtlığını gidermek içiniyi bir potansiyele sahiptir ve küresel açlığı ve yetersiz beslenmeyi azaltmayayardımcı olabilirler. Entomofagi dünyanın bazı kesiminde oldukçayaygın olmasına rağmen batı ülkelerinde hala kabul görmemiştir. Türkiye’dekigenç neslin entomofagiyekarşı tutumlarını ve entomofagiyi reddetme nedenlerini belirlemek için, 2017yılında Erciyes Üniversitesi kampüsünde 610 katılımcı üzerinde bir anketçalışması yapılmıştır. Erciyes Üniver...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sameera Dharia
2011-02-01
Full Text Available Here we introduce a new technique that probes voltage-dependent charge displacements of excitable membrane-bound proteins using extracellularly applied radio frequency (RF, 500 kHz electric fields. Xenopus oocytes were used as a model cell for these experiments, and were injected with cRNA encoding Shaker B-IR (ShB-IR K(+ ion channels to express large densities of this protein in the oocyte membranes. Two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC was applied to command whole-cell membrane potential and to measure channel-dependent membrane currents. Simultaneously, RF electric fields were applied to perturb the membrane potential about the TEVC level and to measure voltage-dependent RF displacement currents. ShB-IR expressing oocytes showed significantly larger changes in RF displacement currents upon membrane depolarization than control oocytes. Voltage-dependent changes in RF displacement currents further increased in ShB-IR expressing oocytes after ∼120 µM Cu(2+ addition to the external bath. Cu(2+ is known to bind to the ShB-IR ion channel and inhibit Shaker K(+ conductance, indicating that changes in the RF displacement current reported here were associated with RF vibration of the Cu(2+-linked mobile domain of the ShB-IR protein. Results demonstrate the use of extracellular RF electrodes to interrogate voltage-dependent movement of charged mobile protein domains--capabilities that might enable detection of small changes in charge distribution associated with integral membrane protein conformation and/or drug-protein interactions.
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Dharia, Sameera; Rabbitt, Richard D
2011-02-28
Here we introduce a new technique that probes voltage-dependent charge displacements of excitable membrane-bound proteins using extracellularly applied radio frequency (RF, 500 kHz) electric fields. Xenopus oocytes were used as a model cell for these experiments, and were injected with cRNA encoding Shaker B-IR (ShB-IR) K(+) ion channels to express large densities of this protein in the oocyte membranes. Two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) was applied to command whole-cell membrane potential and to measure channel-dependent membrane currents. Simultaneously, RF electric fields were applied to perturb the membrane potential about the TEVC level and to measure voltage-dependent RF displacement currents. ShB-IR expressing oocytes showed significantly larger changes in RF displacement currents upon membrane depolarization than control oocytes. Voltage-dependent changes in RF displacement currents further increased in ShB-IR expressing oocytes after ∼120 µM Cu(2+) addition to the external bath. Cu(2+) is known to bind to the ShB-IR ion channel and inhibit Shaker K(+) conductance, indicating that changes in the RF displacement current reported here were associated with RF vibration of the Cu(2+)-linked mobile domain of the ShB-IR protein. Results demonstrate the use of extracellular RF electrodes to interrogate voltage-dependent movement of charged mobile protein domains--capabilities that might enable detection of small changes in charge distribution associated with integral membrane protein conformation and/or drug-protein interactions.
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Hayvan Islahında Güncel Bir Yaklaşım: CRISPR/Cas9 Genom Modifikasyon Sistemi
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Fatih Bilgi
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Genom modifikasyonları, verimin arttırılmasında ve hastalıklara karşı direncin kazandırılması konusunda önemli avantajlar sağlama potansiyeli içermektedir. Bireyin zaten sahip olduğu bir genin susturulmasını ya da ifade edilmesini sağlayan gen düzenlenmesi yöntemleri (gene editing çevreyi en az etkileyerek genetik yapının geliştirilmesi konusunda önemli olanaklar sağlamaktadır. Son zamanlarda yeni genetik düzenleme yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar ZFN (Zinc Finger Nuclease’ler, TALEN (Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease’ler ve CRISPR/Cas nükleaz sistemleridir. CRISPR/Cas sistemi yabancı genetik materyalleri yok etmek için RNA güdümlü nükleazları kullanan bir mikrobiyal immün sistem olup, bu sistemin günümüzde hayvanlarda basit ve etkili bir gen düzenleme mekanizması olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeli değerlendirilmektedir. Bu derlemede CRISPR/Cas9 sistemi ve hayvan ıslahında kullanılabilirliği özetlenmiştir.
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Nef’î Hakkında Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi An Essay Of Bibliography About Nef’i
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Halil Sercan KOŞİK
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Nef’î who lived in the first half of 17th century was born in Hasankale one of districts of Erzurum. The poet whose real name was Ömer had a life full of struggles but he managed to produce some important works through his life. Nef’î, one of the leading poets of divan poetry was celebrated much at his age and after his death. Such a reputation is originated from the sharpness of his pen, his talent as well as his wit. Nef’î whose usage of praise and satire is extreme is known forhis mastership in using rhythm and rhyme in his poems. While attaching importance to meaning and utterance he tried to use a new language and accomplished that to a great degree. His knowledge of Persian Language and Literature played a considerable role.A lot has been written so far about Nef’î and a great many research exists about his works too. However it is obvious that there will be many works about Nef’î, a productive poet. In this study a classification of Nef’î’s works and scientific studies about him and his works will be presented. Our research focuses to illustrate which part of his works is the center of modern researches and which parts are not. In addition, it is expected that our research will provided useful information to researchers studying Nef’î as a guide for sources regarding him. On yedinci yüzyılın ilk yarısında yaşamış olan Nef’î, Erzurum’un Hasankale ilçesinde doğmuştur. Asıl adı Ömer olan şair, oldukça mücadele dolu bir hayat geçirmiş ve bu hayata aynı zamanda önemli denilebilecek eserler de sığdırabilmeyi başarmıştır. Divan şiirinin önde gelen şairlerden biri olan Nef’î, adından hem yaşadığı dönemde hem de sonrasında çokça söz ettirmiştir. Nef’î’nin böyle bir şöhrete kavuşması onun edebi yeteneği ve kıvrak zekası yanında kaleminin keskin olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Övdüğünü çok iyi öven, yerdiğini de çok kötü bir şekilde yeren Nef
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Ücret Teorileri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasaları İçin Uygulanabilir Bir Ücret Modeli Önerisi
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M. Veysel KAYA
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Uluslararası emek piyasalarının genel olarak iki blok halinde kutuplaştığı kabul edilirse; ücretlerin iktisadi ve sosyal boyutlarının ele alınması isabetli olacaktır. Çalışanlarla işverenler arasında adeta bir mücadele haline bürünen bu ayrım, ücretlerin adil bir şekilde düzenlenmesi konusunda pek çok iktisatçıyı yeni formüller geliştirmeye itmiştir. Ne var ki, çalışma ekonomisi literatüründe tali aktörler olarak emek piyasalarında çalışan ve işverenler dışında devlet ve sendikaların varlığını kabul etmek gerekir. Bu tali aktörlerin emek piyasalarından paylarını almaları, ekonominin dengesini dörtlü bir saç ayağına oturtmaktadır. Bugüne kadar ortaya konulmuş olan doktriner açıklamalar ışığında, oluşabilecek çok boyutlu ve çok fonksiyonlu bir ücret modeli, emek piyasalarındaki bu dört aktör bazında ulaşılabilecek bir dengeye katkıda bulunacaktır.
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Hanumunthadu, Daren; Wang, Jin Ping; Chen, Wei; Wong, Evan N; Chen, Yi; Morgan, William H; Patel, Praveen J; Chen, Fred K
2017-04-01
To determine the impact of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) pathology on intersession repeatability of retinal thickness and volume metrics derived from Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Prospective cross-sectional single centre study. A total of 56 eyes of 56 subjects were divided into three groups: (i) normal RPE band (25 eyes); (ii) RPE elevation: macular soft drusen (13 eyes); and (iii) RPE attenuation: geographic atrophy or inherited retinal diseases (18 eyes). Each subject underwent three consecutive follow-up macular raster scans (61 B-scans at 119 μm separation) at 1-month intervals. Retinal thicknesses and volumes for each zone of the macular subfields before and after manual correction of segmentation error. Coefficients of repeatability (CR) were calculated. Mean (range) age was 57 (21-88) years. Mean central subfield thickness (CST) and total macular volume were 264 and 258 μm (P = 0.62), and 8.0 and 7.8 mm 3 (P = 0.31), before and after manual correction. Intersession CR (95% confidence interval) for CST and total macular volume were reduced from 40 (38-41) to 8.3 (8.1-8.5) and 0.62 to 0.16 mm 3 after manual correction of segmentation lines. CR for CST were 7.4, 23.5 and 66.7 μm before and 7.0, 10.9 and 7.6 μm after manual correction in groups i, ii and iii. Segmentation error in eyes with RPE disease has a significant impact on intersession repeatability of Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography macular thickness and volume metrics. Careful examination of each B-scan and manual adjustment can enhance the utility of quantitative measurement. Improved automated segmentation algorithms are needed. © 2016 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.
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Yoğun Bakımda Hafif Şiddetli Bir Propofol İnfüzyon Sendromu
Tezcan, Aysu Hayriye; Oterkus, Mesut; Donmez, Ilksen; Ozturk, Omur; Yavuzekinci, Zeynep
2018-01-01
Propofol infüzyon sendromu (PRİS) nadir ama ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Bu sendrom çoğunlukla ilacın yüksek dozda uzun süreli infüzyonundan sonra oluşur. Metabolik asidoz, hipotansiyon, miyoglobinüri, artmış karaciğer ve kas enzimleri, kardiyak aritmiler ve kalp durması sendromun genel özellikleridir. Bu olgu sunumunda uzun süreli düşük doz (25–50 mcg/kg/dk) ilaç infüzyonundan sonra ortaya çıkan hafif tipte bir PRİS tartışılmıştır. Bu olguda ilaç infüzyonu esnasında ciddi metabolik asidoz, hipot...
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Klasifikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Perspektif Jābir Bin Ḥayyān
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Asep N. Musadad
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Abstract : The central purpose of this article is to provide a preliminary exploration on epistemological background of the classical Islamic sciences through the investigation on the classification of knowledge. One of the earliest exponent to turn to this problem is Jābir bin Ḥayyān (Geber (721 - 815 AD, known as the Father of Arabic and – indirectly – Latin Alchemy. Start on describing Jābir’s profile and his significance in Islamic philosophy, this article discusses the classification of knowledge according to him in his book “Kitāb al-Ḥudūd” (Book of Limits, in which he make his own classification of various knowledge. It finally deals with the philosophical basis of the classification and the intellectual perspective of its author. Keywords : Jabir bin Hayyan, classification of knowledge, Islamic philosophy, natural sciences. Abstrak : Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi singkat terkait latar epistemologis dalam pengetahuan Islam klasik melalui analisis terhadap konsep klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satu eksponen awal yang berbicara hal tersebut adalah Jābir bin Ḥayyān (Geber (721 - 815 M, dikenal sebagai Bapak Ilmu Kimia Arab dan – secara tidak langsung – Eropa-Latin. Diawali dengan penjelasan tentang signifikansi Jābir bin Ḥayyān dalam wacana filsafat Islam, artikel ini mendiskusikan klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan dalam perspektifnya yang terdapat dalam karyanya, “Kitāb al-Ḥudūd” (Buku tentang Batas-Batas, yang membuat klasifikasi versinya sendiri dari berbagai macam ilmu pengetahuan. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini juga akan menjelaskan basis filosofis dari klasifikasi tersebut dan perspektif intelektual pembuatnya. Kata-Kata Kunci : Jabir bin Hayyan, klasifikasi pengetahuan, filsafat Islam, ilmu-ilmu alam.
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BIRS – Bioterrorism Information Retrieval System
Tewari, Ashish Kumar; Rashi; Wadhwa, Gulshan; Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar; Jain, Chakresh Kumar
2013-01-01
Bioterrorism is the intended use of pathogenic strains of microbes to widen terror in a population. There is a definite need to promote research for development of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostic methods as a part of preparedness to any bioterror attack in the future. BIRS is an open-access database of collective information on the organisms related to bioterrorism. The architecture of database utilizes the current open-source technology viz PHP ver 5.3.19, MySQL and IIS server under windows platform for database designing. Database stores information on literature, generic- information and unique pathways of about 10 microorganisms involved in bioterrorism. This may serve as a collective repository to accelerate the drug discovery and vaccines designing process against such bioterrorist agents (microbes). The available data has been validated from various online resources and literature mining in order to provide the user with a comprehensive information system. Availability The database is freely available at http://www.bioterrorism.biowaves.org PMID:23390356
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Alanine repeats influence protein localization in splicing speckles and paraspeckles.
Chang, Shuo-Hsiu; Chang, Wei-Lun; Lu, Chia-Chen; Tarn, Woan-Yuh
2014-12-16
Mammalian splicing regulatory protein RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) has an alanine repeat-containing C-terminal domain (CAD) that confers both nuclear- and splicing speckle-targeting activities. Alanine-repeat expansion has pathological potential. Here we show that the alanine-repeat tracts influence the subnuclear targeting properties of the RBM4 CAD in cultured human cells. Notably, truncation of the alanine tracts redistributed a portion of RBM4 to paraspeckles. The alanine-deficient CAD was sufficient for paraspeckle targeting. On the other hand, alanine-repeat expansion reduced the mobility of RBM4 and impaired its splicing activity. We further took advantage of the putative coactivator activator (CoAA)-RBM4 conjoined splicing factor, CoAZ, to investigate the function of the CAD in subnuclear targeting. Transiently expressed CoAZ formed discrete nuclear foci that emerged and subsequently separated-fully or partially-from paraspeckles. Alanine-repeat expansion appeared to prevent CoAZ separation from paraspeckles, resulting in their complete colocalization. CoAZ foci were dynamic but, unlike paraspeckles, were resistant to RNase treatment. Our results indicate that the alanine-rich CAD, in conjunction with its conjoined RNA-binding domain(s), differentially influences the subnuclear localization and biogenesis of RBM4 and CoAZ. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.
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Hill, Christopher L.; Schild, Romuald
2017-12-01
The Bir Sahara area contains a remarkable record of Middle and Late Pleistocene hydrologic and environmental conditions for Saharan North Africa, based on lithostratigraphic and sedimentologic evidence from basin-fill deposits. Some of the deposits contain Lower Paleolithic (Acheulean) or Middle Paleolithic artifacts that help to constrain their age, since Acheulian artifacts are assigned to the Middle Pleistocene, while Middle Paleolithic artifacts are limited to either the Middle or Late Pleistocene. Locality BS-14 is in the southern part of Bir Sahara, while localities E-88-15, E-88-2, BS-13, and BS-16 are situated in the south-central part of the deflational basin, closer to the present-day water-hole. Lowered groundwater conditions during arid intervals resulted in erosional topographic basins. These deflational basins were later filled with sediments associated with wetter hydrologic conditions. The oldest studied sedimentary sequence in the Bir Sahara depression (BS-14) contains in situ Acheulian artifacts. Acheulian handaxes are found in sands underlying carbonates that are interpreted as evidence of spring-fed pond and marsh environments during a Middle Pleistocene wet interval. At the E-88-15 locality, the stratigraphic sequence documents deposition in a possible perennial pond or small lake that varied in extent and depth and is associated with Middle Paleolithic artifacts. At E-88-12 and BS-13, lateral and vertical variations in the lithofacies of the basin-fill sediments provide additional records of changing hydrologic conditions during the Late Pleistocene. These hydrologic conditions appear to reflect variations in water-table levels related to groundwater recharge and, at times, local rains.
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Sakyamuni Buda'nın Tarihsel Kişiliği Ve Öğretisinin Yeni Bir Din Haline Geliş Süreci
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Hüsamettin Karataş
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Sakyamuni Buda, Hindu kast sistemindeki yönetici sınıfa mensup bir prenstir. O, yaşadığı bir takım hayat tecrübelerinden hareketle, var olan anlayışların yetersiz olduğunu düşünerek kendi gerçeğinin peşine düşmüş tarihsel bir şahsiyettir. Sakyamuni Buda, çeşitli yollar deneyerek sonunda mutlak kurtuluşa erdiğini, yani aydınlandığını iddia eden bir din kurucusudur. Onun kurduğu dinî ve felsefi sistemin adı Budizm'dir. Budizm, ortaya çıktığı dönemdeki politeist yapıya, aşırı çileci veya hazcı ahlak ilkelerine, kurtuluş yolunun formalitelerine ve kast sistemine tepki göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra var olmaya çalıştığı bölgedeki dinlerin en belirgin özelliklerini de bünyesinde barındırmış, bazı öğreti ve uygulamaları aynen sürdürmüş, kültürel ve toplumsal hayata dair konularda ise devamlı surette esnek bir yol takip etmiştir. Budizm uzun tarihsel süreç içerisinde dünyanın çok farklı bölgelerine yayılmış ve günümüzün en çok taraftara sahip dinlerden biri haline gelmiştir
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Yüzde tabanlı String Eşleme Problemi için yeni bir donanım modülü tasarımı
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İbrahim Şahin
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Bir verinin bir dizgi içerisinde veya bir gen yapısının bir DNA gen dizilimi içerisinde arama işleminin gerçekleştirilmesi için çeşitli algoritmalar kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan bu algoritmalardan bazıları bize mutlak eşleşme olmadığı durumlarda olumsuz dönüt vermekte, bazıları ise “bunu mu arıyorsunuz” diye alternatifler sunmaktadır. Her iki algoritma da genel amaçlı PC’lerde saniyeler süren işlemler sonucunda bize dönüt verebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bize hem mutlak eşleşmeyi hem de hedef dizgi içinde yüzdelik eşleşme oranlarının gerçekleştiği konumu veren FPGA çiplerine yönelik yüksek performanslı bir donanım modülü tasarlanmıştır. Geliştirilen modülün veri işleme hızı farklı PC’lerle karşılaştırılmış ve 2300 kata kadar daha hızlı arama gerçekleştirdiği karşılaştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen veriler ile doğrulanmıştır.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sundaresan, Ramya; Samen, Ulrike; Ponnuraj, Karthe
2011-01-01
Expression, purification and crystallization of Srr-1-K4BD, a human keratin 4-binding domain of serine-rich repeat protein 1 from S. agalactiae, was carried out. Native crystals of Srr-1-K4BD diffracted to 3.8 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. Serine-rich repeat protein 1 (Srr-1) is a surface protein from Streptococcus agalactiae. A 17 kDa region of this protein has been identified to bind to human keratin 4 (K4) and is termed the Srr-1 K4-binding domain (Srr-1-K4BD). Recombinant Srr-1-K4BD was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Native and selenomethionine-substituted proteins were prepared using Luria–Bertani (LB) and M9 minimal media, respectively. A two-step purification protocol was carried out to obtain a final homogenous sample of Srr-1-K4BD. Crystals of native Srr-1-K4BD were obtained using PEG 3350 as a precipitant. The crystals diffracted to 3.8 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to space group P2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 47.56, b = 59.48, c = 94.71 Å, β = 93.95°
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Deng, Dong; Yan, Chuangye; Wu, Jianping; Pan, Xiaojing; Yan, Nieng
2014-04-01
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors specifically bind to double stranded (ds) DNA through a central domain of tandem repeats. Each TAL effector (TALE) repeat comprises 33-35 amino acids and recognizes one specific DNA base through a highly variable residue at a fixed position in the repeat. Structural studies have revealed the molecular basis of DNA recognition by TALE repeats. Examination of the overall structure reveals that the basic building block of TALE protein, namely a helical hairpin, is one-helix shifted from the previously defined TALE motif. Here we wish to suggest a structure-based re-demarcation of the TALE repeat which starts with the residues that bind to the DNA backbone phosphate and concludes with the base-recognition hyper-variable residue. This new numbering system is consistent with the α-solenoid superfamily to which TALE belongs, and reflects the structural integrity of TAL effectors. In addition, it confers integral number of TALE repeats that matches the number of bound DNA bases. We then present fifteen crystal structures of engineered dHax3 variants in complex with target DNA molecules, which elucidate the structural basis for the recognition of bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) by reported or uncharacterized TALE codes. Finally, we analyzed the sequence-structure correlation of the amino acid residues within a TALE repeat. The structural analyses reported here may advance the mechanistic understanding of TALE proteins and facilitate the design of TALEN with improved affinity and specificity.
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Bir Su Ürünleri İşleme Tesisinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Risk Analizi Uygulaması
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Servet Atayeter
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Bodrum’da bulunan bir su ürünleri işleme ve paketleme tesisinde TS 18001 İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Sistemi çerçevesinde pilot bir risk analizi uygulaması gerçekleştirilerek sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışanların kendilerini güvende hissetme gereksinimi ile doğrudan ilgili olan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusu, günümüzde tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi su ürünleri işletmeleri için de rekabet edilebilirlik, verimlilik, sosyal sorumluluk ve ülke ekonomisi açılarından üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir konu haline gelmiştir. TS 18001 İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Sistemi bir işletmede insan sağlığı ve güvenliğini sağlamaya, can ve mal kayıplarını önlemeye, bu konudaki riskleri azaltmaya odaklı dinamik ve esnek bir sistemin kurulmasını amaçlar. Sistemin amaç ve hedeflerine ulaşılması ve etkinliğinin sürekli iyileştirilebilmesi ise gerçekçi bir risk analizinin yapılmasına bağlıdır. Risk analizinin sonuçları değerlendirilerek, işletmede can güvenliği ve maddi kayıpların önlenmesine yönelik önleyici tedbirlerin alınması yönünde önemli bir adım atılmış olmakta, böylelikle faaliyetlerle ilgili risklerin azaltılması ve ortadan kaldırılması olanaklı hale gelmektedir.
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Repeat: a framework to assess empirical reproducibility in biomedical research
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Leslie D. McIntosh
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The reproducibility of research is essential to rigorous science, yet significant concerns of the reliability and verifiability of biomedical research have been recently highlighted. Ongoing efforts across several domains of science and policy are working to clarify the fundamental characteristics of reproducibility and to enhance the transparency and accessibility of research. Methods The aim of the proceeding work is to develop an assessment tool operationalizing key concepts of research transparency in the biomedical domain, specifically for secondary biomedical data research using electronic health record data. The tool (RepeAT was developed through a multi-phase process that involved coding and extracting recommendations and practices for improving reproducibility from publications and reports across the biomedical and statistical sciences, field testing the instrument, and refining variables. Results RepeAT includes 119 unique variables grouped into five categories (research design and aim, database and data collection methods, data mining and data cleaning, data analysis, data sharing and documentation. Preliminary results in manually processing 40 scientific manuscripts indicate components of the proposed framework with strong inter-rater reliability, as well as directions for further research and refinement of RepeAT. Conclusions The use of RepeAT may allow the biomedical community to have a better understanding of the current practices of research transparency and accessibility among principal investigators. Common adoption of RepeAT may improve reporting of research practices and the availability of research outputs. Additionally, use of RepeAT will facilitate comparisons of research transparency and accessibility across domains and institutions.
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Serkan Altuntaş
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Montaj Hattı Dengelemesinde, -çeşitli nedenlerle- belli iş elemanlarının birbirinden ayrılmaması ve aynı istasyona atanması istenebilir. Bu tür problemler, 'Birliktelik Kısıtları Altında Montaj Hattı Dengeleme (BKAMHD Problemi' olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu birliktelik kısıtı sayesinde, havaleli ürün imali, birlikte işlem görme gereği gibi özel isteklerden veya takım-kolaylık benzeri kaynakların ortak kullanımı düşüncesinden kaynaklanan 'konum ve bölge kısıtları' da karşılanabilmektedir. Bu tür hatlarda ayrıca, malzeme aktarma, takım ve kolaylık maliyetleri, yürüyüş mesafeleri, ayar süreleri ile tedarik süreleri de azalmaktadır. Uygulamada BKAMHD yapısındaki problemlerle yaygın olarak karşılaşılmasına karşın, bunlar üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların klasik montaj hattı dengeleme problemi ile ilgili yayınlara göre daha az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel konum kısıtları dolayısıyla-, bilinen Montaj Hattı Dengeleme yöntemlerinin uygulanamadığı büyük ölçekli bir montaj hattı için uygun bir hat dengeleme yöntemi geliştirmek ve bu yöntem ile söz konusu hattı dengelemek olmuştur. Çalışmanın başında, bu problemin çözümünde kullanılabilecek basit fakat etkili bir yol olarak tanınan 'En Büyük Aday' algoritmasında bazı değişiklikler yapılarak yeni bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemin uyarlanabilmesi için de montaj işlemlerinin yapıldığı atölyede çok yoğun bir metot ve zaman etüdü çalışması yürütmek gerekmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda derlenen verilerin geliştirilen yönteme uyarlanması sonucunda türetilen seçenekler değerlendirilerek karar vericiye sunulmuştur.
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İran Halk Kütüphaneleri: Niceliksel Bir Değerlendirme
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Jahangir Gholipour
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Halk kütüphaneleri dijital uçurumun azaltılmasında önemli roller üstlenen toplumsal kuruluşlardır. Onların, bu rollerini gerçekleştirebilmeleri için niceliksel açıdan yeterli durumda olmaları gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, halk kütüphanelerine ilişkin niceliksel göstergeler niteliklerini ve nitelikli hizmet vermelerini doğrudan belirler. İran, 30 ilde yaşayan 71 milyon nüfusa sahip bir Ortadoğu ülkesidir. Bu çalışmada, İran’daki halk kütüphanelerine ilişkin niceliksel durum kütüphane sayısı, kullanıcı, derme ve personel unsurları açısından ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, İran’da ele alınan söz konusu unsurlar açısından genelde bir yetersizlik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
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Mustafa SÖZEN
2013-09-01
Full Text Available It is a well-known fact that the image itself, even in a film having the simplest story, does not provide enough message. Due to a spesific aesthetic predication of audio phonemena, the films, right from the beginning, started to be shown in accompany with sound. The soundelement in cinematography which produces the semantic expression asa parlance by means of images and sounds has its own ways of use.The sound universe of cinematography is composed of dialogs, effectsand music each having different ontologies. In today’s cinematography,all these three elements were given in. For all that, in some filmsproduced for certain aesthetic considerations and in limited numbersthe usage of effects and music are avoided. Looking at the elementsmaking up the universe of sound in a film from the perspective ofessential functions it is seen that the dialogs are used to provideinformation, effects to create a real spatial and temporal feeling, andmusic to conceive the ambiance required by narrative. By doing so,matching the sounds in harmony with images is achieved and so theenhancement of the narrative’s reality illusion is expected. Somedirectors on the other hand, by pushing the sound out of its basicfunctions, rendering images and sounds contrary oppose this approachgo in search of producing different and new meanings. This studyinvestigates the how the sound universe design of the film “Deli DeliOlma” directed by Murat Saracoğlu, as an aesthetic element ismanipulated. In analysis, sound universe has been assesed either bystructural or dramatic functional dimensions. En basit öyküye sahip bir filmde bile sadece görüntülerin yeteri kadar ileti sağlamadığı bilinen bir gerçekliktir. Ses olgusunun kendine özgü estetik bir yükleme sahip oluşundan ötürü, sinemanın ilk anlarından itibaren filmler ses eşliğinde gösterilmeye başlanmıştır. Bir dil olarak anlamsal ifadeyi görüntü ve sesler aracılığıyla üreten sinemada ses
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Rossi, Valeria; Beffagna, Giorgia; Rampazzo, Alessandra; Bauce, Barbara; Danieli, Gian Antonio
2004-06-23
Isthmins represent a novel family of vertebrate secreted proteins containing one copy of the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR), which in mammals is shared by several proteins with diverse biological functions, including cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and patterning of developing nervous system. We have determined the genomic organization of human TAIL1 (thrombospondin and AMOP containing isthmin-like 1), a novel isthmin-like gene encoding a protein that contains a TSR and a C-terminal AMOP domain (adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and other proteins), characteristic of extracellular proteins involved in adhesion processes. TAIL1 gene encompasses more than 24.4 kb. Analysis of the DNA sequence surrounding the putative transcriptional start region revealed a TATA-less promoter located in a CpG island. Several consensus binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1 and MZF-1 were identified in this promoter region. In humans, TAIL1 gene is located on chromosome 14q24.3 within ARVD1 (arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy, type 1) critical region; preliminary evidence suggests that it is expressed in several tissues, showing multiple alternative splicing.
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Lang, Tiange; Yin, Kangquan; Liu, Jinyu; Cao, Kunfang; Cannon, Charles H; Du, Fang K
2014-01-01
Predicting protein domains is essential for understanding a protein's function at the molecular level. However, up till now, there has been no direct and straightforward method for predicting protein domains in species without a reference genome sequence. In this study, we developed a functionality with a set of programs that can predict protein domains directly from genomic sequence data without a reference genome. Using whole genome sequence data, the programming functionality mainly comprised DNA assembly in combination with next-generation sequencing (NGS) assembly methods and traditional methods, peptide prediction and protein domain prediction. The proposed new functionality avoids problems associated with de novo assembly due to micro reads and small single repeats. Furthermore, we applied our functionality for the prediction of leucine rich repeat (LRR) domains in four species of Ficus with no reference genome, based on NGS genomic data. We found that the LRRNT_2 and LRR_8 domains are related to plant transpiration efficiency, as indicated by the stomata index, in the four species of Ficus. The programming functionality established in this study provides new insights for protein domain prediction, which is particularly timely in the current age of NGS data expansion.
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Gezgin satıcı problemi için yeni bir meta-sezgisel: kör fare algoritması
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Tevfik YILDIRIM
2016-02-01
Full Text Available Gezgin Satıcı Problemi (GSP, başlangıç ve bitiş şehirleri aynı olan ve her şehrin sadece bir kez ziyaret edildiği minimum mesafeli turu bulma problemidir. Şehir sayısı arttıkça, kesin yöntemler ile kabul edilebilir sürelerde bir optimum çözüm bulunması zordur. Bu nedenle, son elli yılda GSP’nin çözümü için doğadan ve biyolojiden esinlenen birçok meta-sezgisel yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, toprak altındaki bireysel tünel sistemlerinde yaşayan kör farelerin toprak altındaki engelleri geçme stratejisinden esinlenilerek GSP’nin çözümü için yeni bir meta-sezgisel tasarlanmıştır. Geliştirilen yönteme Kör Fare Algoritması adı verilmiştir. Bu yeni sezgisel ile farklı boyutlardaki simetrik test veri setleri için deneyler yapılmış ve sonuçları bilinen en iyi sonuçlar ile kıyaslanmıştır. Önerilen meta-sezgisel henüz literatürdeki diğer algoritmalarla yarışabilecek düzeyde olmamasına rağmen, başlangıç test çözümlerinin umut verici olduğu söylenebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Gezgin satıcı problemi, Kombinatoryel eniyileme, Meta-Sezgisel, Kör fare algoritması
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ÇEVİRME, Ayşe
2017-01-01
ÖZETMobbing(psikolojik taciz) veya yıldırma, iş sağlığı alanında sıkça dile getirilen bir konu olup, akademi ve iş çevrelerinin dikkatini gittikçe daha fazla çektiği görülmektedir. Mobbing önlenebilir bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Birey ve işyeri bağlamında önemli olumsuz sonuçları olan mobbing ile ilgili çalışmalar 1990’larda başlamıştır. Mobbing kavramı bir veya daha fazla kişi tarafından bir kişiye uygulanan etik olmayan ve muhalif davranış varlığı olarak tanımlanır. Bu yazıda mobbingin tan...
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Enginer, Erman
2009-01-01
Bu çalısmada Hacettepe Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Herbaryumu’ndaki (HUB) veriler kullanılarak PHP, SQL ve AJAX teknoljileri ile bir herbaryum sorgulama programı gelistirilmistir. Herbaryumlar özellikle botanik, ekolojik ve eczacılık çalısmaları için bir bilgi kaynagı olusturmaktadır. Bu kaynagın sistemli bir sekilde bilgisayar ortamındaki bir veritabanına aktarımı ile veritabanlarının bize sagladıgı hızlı sorgulama ve düzenli kayıt tutma imkanlarından faydalanabiliriz. ...
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Yılmaz DAŞCIOĞLU
2012-12-01
Full Text Available The period of second constitutional is very important in terms of providing transition between Reorganization and Republic period. Besides this, it is a pioneer period in that it encloses determinants which play an important role in bulding a new national identity. It is a clear fact that literary works take a crucial assignment in creation of a new national identity. In this respect, to asses that some literary works published during second contitutional had very important functions to build up western-type turkish identity which was systematized later by Republic period would not be wrong. In this research, one of abroad travelbook after second constitutional is scrutinized, using imagology as a method. Mehmed Enisi Yalkı, jounalist and writer from the time ofconstitutional, proposes German/Germany model in order to build up a newnation, a western type Turk, in his travelbook Alman Ruhu which is still nottranscripted from Arabic Alphabet to Latin. This model is analysed in terms ofimagery. Being resound as a background, the exclamations such as work like aGerman, immovable like a German, fortify your spirit like a German, run afterjustice like a German are the signs of proposing Germany as a model. At theend of research it is determined that ottoman intellectuals who experienced thecrisis of building a new nation wrote travelbook to educate and direct society, topresent an alternative life or culture for it rather than literary concern duringthe time from Reorganization to Republic. II. Meşrutiyet dönemi, Tanzimat ile Cumhuriyet arasındaki geçişi sağlaması yönüyle son derece önemli bir evre olduğu gibi, yeni bir ulusun kimliğinin oluşumunda rol oynayan etkenleri barındırması yönüyle de öncü bir dönemdir. Bir ulusun kimliğinin oluşmasında edebiyat eserlerinin çok önemli bir görev üstlendiği açık bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda II. Meşrutiyet dönemi gibi kritik bir zaman zarfında ortaya konan kimi edebi eserlerin
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Orta Ölçekli Bir İşletmenin Enerji İzleme Sisteminin Tasarlanması
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Erdal Irmak
2012-02-01
Full Text Available Bu uygulamada, orta ölçekli bir işletmenin gerçek zamanlı ve geçmişe yönelik enerji takibinin bilgisayar ara yüzünden izlenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enerjinin ölçülmesi için akım ve gerilim bilgilerini Programlanabilir Lojik Kontrolörün ( PLC algılayacağı seviyeye getiren bir kart tasarlanmıştır. Bu karttan alınan akım ve gerilim bilgileri, PLC'nin analog kanalları ile okunmaktadır. Sistemin güç katsayısının algılanması için, bir sıfır geçiş detektörü tasarlanmıştır. Sıfır geçiş detektöründen elde edilen sinyaller arasındaki zaman farkı FM 350-1 sayıcı modül kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Alınan bilgiler, PLC tarafından RS485/RS232 dönüştürme protokolü kullanarak, bilgisayarın seri iletişim kanalı aracılığı ile veritabanına aktarılmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, C# programlama dili kullanılarak tasarlanan bir arayüz ile anlık takip edilebilmektedir. Elde edilen veriler sürekli olarak kaydedilerek geçmişe yönelik enerji analizleri yapma olanağı sağlanmıştır. Böylece, istenildiğinde belirlenen zaman aralığında kullanılan aktif, reaktif ve görünür güçler gözlemlenebilmektedir. Geçmişe yönelik enerji izleme sistemi kullanılarak işletmelerin fazla enerji harcadığı zamanlar tespit edilebilmektedir. Böylece, yoğun çalışma saatleri enerjinin ucuz olduğu zamanlara kaydırılarak kullanılan enerjinin işletmeye olan maliyetinin azaltılması gibi olanaklar sağlanmaktadır.
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Turist Rehberlerinin Liderlik Yönelimlerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir
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Mehmet Teoman TÜRKMEN
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Turist rehberlerinin, turistlerin yabancı oldukları kültürle temasları sürecinde bilgi verici, yorumcu, tercüman, danışman ve aracı gibi çok sayıda rolleri bulunmaktadır. Bu rolleri ile rehberler, turistik deneyimin olumlu ya da olumsuz neticelenmesinde doğrudan etkilidirler. Rehberlerin tüm rollerinin başarılı bir şekilde ifa edilmesinde kilit öneme sahip rol ise, gruba hâkimiyet süreçlerini içeren liderlik rolüdür. Bu noktada, turist rehberlerinin liderlik rollerinin, turistin kaliteli hizmet almasında ve en nihai sonuç olarak turizmin hedeflenen amaçlarına ulaşmasında önemli bir etken olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Çalışmada turist rehberlerinin liderlik yönelimleri ve liderlik yönelimleri ile demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Turist rehberlerine uygulanan anketlerle elde edilen veriler istatiksel analizler aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda turist rehberlerinin genel olarak göreve yönelik liderlik davranışlarını benimsediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca koşulların gerekliliğine göre görevi ya da ilişkileri ön planda tutmayı gerektiren değişim davranışı, rehberlerin en az tercih ettikleri liderlik davranışı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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Salih BAYRAM
2013-03-01
Full Text Available This article provides a parallel reading of Lutfi Paşa’s Asafname and Hasan Kafi’s Usul al-Hikam, both 16th century Ottoman siyasetnames. These books, the former penned by a prominent member of the bureaucracy and the latter by a middle ranking scholar, were compared in terms of the religious references they make, and the justifications they provide for specific recommendations. It was found, as was expected, that Usul uses religious references and religious justification more frequently than Asafname does. However, formal/rule-based justification, a larger ethical category encompassing the religious as well as traditional and legal justification and defined in opposition to utilitarian/consequentialist justification, was used more frequently by Asafname. Despite its heavily religious language and the religious background of its author, Usul used utilitarian arguments more frequently than formal ones when making recommendations. Bu makalede 16. yy. Osmanlı siyasetnamelerinden Lütfi Paşa’nınAsafname’si ile Hasan Kafi Akhisari’nin Usulü’l Hikem’ikarşılaştırılacaktır. Birincisi sadrazamlık da dahil olmak üzere birçoküst düzey görevde bulunmuş bir devlet adamı tarafından, diğeri iseçeşitli vilayetlerde kadılık ve müderrislik görevlerinde bulunmuş bir dinadamı tarafından kaleme alınmış olan bu iki eser, kullandıkları dinireferansların içeriği ve siyasetle ilgili tavsiyelerinin ne şekildegerekçelendirildiği bakımlarından paralel bir okumaya tabi tutulmuştur. Beklendiği üzere dini referansların ve dini içerikligerekçelerin Usulül’l Hikem’de Asafname’den daha fazla kullanıldığıgörülmüştür. Bununla beraber, daha geniş bir kategori olan ve hemdini, hem geleneksel, hem de yasal gerekçelendirmeyi içeren kuraladayalı/formel argümanların Asafname’de daha fazla kullanıldığıgörülmüştür. Dini bir eğitim alan ve dini referansları metin içinde s
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Glass John I
2010-07-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Intragenic tandem repeats occur throughout all domains of life and impart functional and structural variability to diverse translation products. Repeat proteins confer distinctive surface phenotypes to many unicellular organisms, including those with minimal genomes such as the wall-less bacterial monoderms, Mollicutes. One such repeat pattern in this clade is distributed in a manner suggesting its exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT. Expanding genome sequence databases reveal the pattern in a widening range of bacteria, and recently among eucaryotic microbes. We examined the genomic flux and consequences of the motif by determining its distribution, predicted structural features and association with membrane-targeted proteins. Results Using a refined hidden Markov model, we document a 25-residue protein sequence motif tandemly arrayed in variable-number repeats in ORFs lacking assigned functions. It appears sporadically in unicellular microbes from disparate bacterial and eucaryotic clades, representing diverse lifestyles and ecological niches that include host parasitic, marine and extreme environments. Tracts of the repeats predict a malleable configuration of recurring domains, with conserved hydrophobic residues forming an amphipathic secondary structure in which hydrophilic residues endow extensive sequence variation. Many ORFs with these domains also have membrane-targeting sequences that predict assorted topologies; others may comprise reservoirs of sequence variants. We demonstrate expressed variants among surface lipoproteins that distinguish closely related animal pathogens belonging to a subgroup of the Mollicutes. DNA sequences encoding the tandem domains display dyad symmetry. Moreover, in some taxa the domains occur in ORFs selectively associated with mobile elements. These features, a punctate phylogenetic distribution, and different patterns of dispersal in genomes of related taxa, suggest that the
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Repeat-containing protein effectors of plant-associated organisms
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Carl H. Mesarich
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Many plant-associated organisms, including microbes, nematodes, and insects, deliver effector proteins into the apoplast, vascular tissue, or cell cytoplasm of their prospective hosts. These effectors function to promote colonization, typically by altering host physiology or by modulating host immune responses. The same effectors however, can also trigger host immunity in the presence of cognate host immune receptor proteins, and thus prevent colonization. To circumvent effector-triggered immunity, or to further enhance host colonization, plant-associated organisms often rely on adaptive effector evolution. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that several effectors of plant-associated organisms are repeat-containing proteins (RCPs that carry tandem or non-tandem arrays of an amino acid sequence or structural motif. In this review, we highlight the diverse roles that these repeat domains play in RCP effector function. We also draw attention to the potential role of these repeat domains in adaptive evolution with regards to RCP effector function and the evasion of effector-triggered immunity. The aim of this review is to increase the profile of RCP effectors from plant-associated organisms.
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Kablosuz Ağlarda Yeni Bir Anahtar Dağıtım Yöntemi
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Çağatay Ay
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Ağ teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve dijital cihazların artışı multimedya iletimini hızlı ve kolay kılmıştır. Bununla birlikte açık haberleşme kanalları üzerinden yapılan dijital veri iletimi, telif hakkı ihlalleri, dolandırıcılık vb. birçok güvenlik açığını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu sebepten dolayı güvenli veri iletimi için geliştirilen yöntem ve teknikler oldukça önem kazanmaktadır. Bu tekniklerden biri olan steganografi, gizli iletişim için zararsız görünen bir taşıyıcıya veri eklemesi yapan bilgi gizlemenin alt dallarından biri olarak tanımlanabilir. Veri gizlenirken kullanılan yöntem ve tekniğin sistem dışı kişiler tarafından bilinmesi güvenli veri iletişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyecektir. Steganografinin güvenlik konusunda yetersiz olması, beraberinde şifrelemeyi gündeme getirmektedir. Açık haberleşme kanalları ile yapılmak istenilen gizli iletişimin, çeşitli steganografik metotlar ve şifreleme algoritmaları ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ağ kanalları üzerinden güvenli anahtar dağıtımı için ağ steganografisinden yararlanan bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, yapılan çalışmanın sağlamlık ve algılanamazlık koşullarında uygulanabilir olduğunu göstermiştir.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yusuf KOTAN
2012-09-01
Full Text Available One of the important types of folk literature satire, in a large geographical area consisting of many thousands of years, products of oral tradition of folk literaturen. These products, although oral edebiyatımız as a kind of took its place in the literature long ago, particularly after the Tanzimat era has gained vitality. This vitality,though no doubt in some quarters that the jokes have suffered tab, inalmost every nation acquires an important social and cultural life.Feeling and thinking, of a nation, intelligence, humor, and mostimportantly the power of judgment to reflect the common opinion is ofgreat importance in terms of paragraphs. One of the important elementsin the formation of these clauses in the clause types. These types, asdescribed in the paragraph is the hero, as well as to express thecommon characteristics of living is important for society. These typeswith almost every region of Anatolia, and they faced a yararlanmaktayızthis narrative. Who live in this very important region in terms ofreflecting the properties of typecasting, giving expressions to represent aparticular feature of the local stage.Erzurum folklore, is a rich resource for Turkish folklore. Althoughthis has been a rich source folklorumuzun on the part of many researchstudies conducted on jokes is almost negligible. Based on theseapproaches, we also provide a contribution to the folklore of Erzurum inboth types of clause in Erzurum, an important place in the memory ofour people who had said Naim Hodja jokes we introduce this valuableanecdotes of people will try to share with you. Halk edebiyatımızın önemli türlerinden biri olan fıkralar, çok geniş bir coğrafi alan içinde oluşan binlerce yıldan beri sözlü gelenekte yaşayan halk edebiyatı ürünleridir. Bu ürünler, sözlü edebiyatımız içerisinde yerini çok öncelerden almış olsa da bir tür olarak edebiyatımızda bilhassa Tanzimat döneminden sonra canlılık kazanmıştır. Bu canl
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SCADA Sistemi ile Bir İşletmenin Dış Saha Otomasyonu
Kılıç, Murat; Özdemir, Şule
2010-01-01
Bu çalışmada, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller: Programlanabilir Mantık Denetleyici) ve SCADA (Supervising Control and Data Acquisition: Veri Tabanlı Kontrol ve Gözetleme) sistemleriyle bir MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) presi dış saha besleme hattının otomasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm sistem SCADA sayesinde bilgisayar ekranından izlenebilmekte ve kontrol edilebilmektedir. MDF presi dış saha besleme hattı tam otomasyon ile çalışmaktadır. Otomasyon sisteminde PLC yazılımı olarak Siemens ...
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Ekolojik Sistem Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Olgu Sunumu: Suça Sürüklenen Çocuk ve Ailesiyle Çalışma
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Uzman Deniz YILMAZ
2017-06-01
Full Text Available Ekolojik sistem yaklaşımı, bireyi, çevresi içerisinde yaşayan bir varlık olarak ele alır ve bireyin davranışını değerlendirirken bu çevreyi de göz önünde bulundurur ve sorunun çözümüne bu noktadan hareketle başlar. Bu çalışmada, bir bakkal dükkanından hırsızlık yaptığı gerekçesiyle ilgili mahkemece hakkında Danışmanlık Tedbiri kararı verilen 16 yaşında bir erkek çocuğu ile yapılan mesleki çalışmada Ekolojik Sistem yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, çocuk, içinde bulunduğu sistem içerisinde değerlendirilmiş ve her bir sistemin değiştirilmesi yoluna gidilerek çocuğun sorunlu davranışlarının düzeltilmesi sağlanmıştır.
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APE1 incision activity at abasic sites in tandem repeat sequences.
Li, Mengxia; Völker, Jens; Breslauer, Kenneth J; Wilson, David M
2014-05-29
Repetitive DNA sequences, such as those present in microsatellites and minisatellites, telomeres, and trinucleotide repeats (linked to fragile X syndrome, Huntington disease, etc.), account for nearly 30% of the human genome. These domains exhibit enhanced susceptibility to oxidative attack to yield base modifications, strand breaks, and abasic sites; have a propensity to adopt non-canonical DNA forms modulated by the positions of the lesions; and, when not properly processed, can contribute to genome instability that underlies aging and disease development. Knowledge on the repair efficiencies of DNA damage within such repetitive sequences is therefore crucial for understanding the impact of such domains on genomic integrity. In the present study, using strategically designed oligonucleotide substrates, we determined the ability of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) to cleave at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in a collection of tandem DNA repeat landscapes involving telomeric and CAG/CTG repeat sequences. Our studies reveal the differential influence of domain sequence, conformation, and AP site location/relative positioning on the efficiency of APE1 binding and strand incision. Intriguingly, our data demonstrate that APE1 endonuclease efficiency correlates with the thermodynamic stability of the DNA substrate. We discuss how these results have both predictive and mechanistic consequences for understanding the success and failure of repair protein activity associated with such oxidatively sensitive, conformationally plastic/dynamic repetitive DNA domains. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Conservation of the human integrin-type beta-propeller domain in bacteria.
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Bhanupratap Chouhan
Full Text Available Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface receptors with key functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Integrin α and β subunits are present throughout the metazoans, but it is unclear whether the subunits predate the origin of multicellular organisms. Several component domains have been detected in bacteria, one of which, a specific 7-bladed β-propeller domain, is a unique feature of the integrin α subunits. Here, we describe a structure-derived motif, which incorporates key features of each blade from the X-ray structures of human αIIbβ3 and αVβ3, includes elements of the FG-GAP/Cage and Ca(2+-binding motifs, and is specific only for the metazoan integrin domains. Separately, we searched for the metazoan integrin type β-propeller domains among all available sequences from bacteria and unicellular eukaryotic organisms, which must incorporate seven repeats, corresponding to the seven blades of the β-propeller domain, and so that the newly found structure-derived motif would exist in every repeat. As the result, among 47 available genomes of unicellular eukaryotes we could not find a single instance of seven repeats with the motif. Several sequences contained three repeats, a predicted transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic motif associated with some integrins, but otherwise differ from the metazoan integrin α subunits. Among the available bacterial sequences, we found five examples containing seven sequential metazoan integrin-specific motifs within the seven repeats. The motifs differ in having one Ca(2+-binding site per repeat, whereas metazoan integrins have three or four sites. The bacterial sequences are more conserved in terms of motif conservation and loop length, suggesting that the structure is more regular and compact than those example structures from human integrins. Although the bacterial examples are not full-length integrins, the full-length metazoan-type 7-bladed β-propeller domains are present, and
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Sezai Karakoç'un Bir Sorusu Üzerine On A Question Of Sezai Karakoç
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Fırat CANER
2013-07-01
Full Text Available The voice in Sezai Karakoç’s Hızırla Kırk Saat says that he learned how to break the idols made of rocks from Abraham, but he doesn’t know how to destroy the idols made of words. This voice constitutes a typical 20th century philosopher concerned with pornography. Those philosophers who live in the age of images, and whose minds areblurred by the excessive bombardment of images, generally act as ifthey were iconaclasts in the age of Byzantium. Philosophers and literarywriters of our age are hopeless because of the pornographic patternswhich determine our lives. This hopelessness is driven by volontarismwhen they speak about the future, and/but by determinism when theyspeak about the past. But we should take the historical necessities intoaccount when what’s at stake is a consideration of the future. Thencewe can foresee that pornography will lose its effect on our lives becauseof the historical necessities. As a result of the coexistence of thousandsof images, no image can sufficiently satisfy or provoke the eye. That’swhy iconaclasts are not different from romantic revolutionists whohopefully dream that they can change the world in a moment.Consequently we can say that satisfying the eye is a stage within theprocess of images’ losing their effect on out minds. Sezai Karakoç’un Hızırla Kırk Saat adlı eserindeki ses, mermer putları nasıl devireceğini Hz. İbrahim’den öğrendiğini, buna karşılık, nesnesi olmayan putları, örneğin sözlerle, yani zihinlerde inşa edilen putları nasıl devireceğini bilmediğini, bunu kimsenin öğretmediğini söyler. Sözlerle inşa edilen putların nasıl kırılacağını bilmediğini söyleyen ses, pornografi hakkında yazan tipik bir 20. yüzyıl düşünürü sesidir. İmaj çağının imaj bombardımanı altında zihni bulanan bu düşünürler, genel olarak, Bizans tarihindeki put kırıcıların tavrını benimsemişlerdir. Günümüz felsefe ve edebiyatının günlük ya
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Saim Kayadibi
2016-11-01
Dini ve Kültürel Çoğulculukta Varoluş Mücadelesine Bir Bakış: Malezya Tecrübesi Öz Malezya sosyo-kültürel yapısı itibari ile çok dinli, çok dilli ve çok kültürlü toplumların barış ve huzur içerisinde yaşayabilme özelliğini göstermesinden dolayı birçok ülkeye örnek oluşturabilecek nadide birlikteliklerden biridir. Bu çok kültürlülük, çok dinlilik ve çok dillilik özelliklerini bir zenginlik olarak görüp, birlikte güçlü bir toplum oluşturabilmenin çabası içerisindedir. Birçok sahada, örneğin İslam Ekonomisi ve Bankacılığı, Helal Gıda, modern bir devlette İslam Hukuku kurallarının uygulanabilme özelliğinde öncü rol oynayabilen, hatta merkez ülke olma yarışında ciddi çalışmaları vardır. Tarihi tecrübe açısından Malezya, konum itibariyle ciddi işgallerin merkezi olmuş, birçok sömürge devletinin izlerini atabilmenin, sömürge psikolojisinden kurtulabilmenin, yaralarını sarabilmenin mücadelesini veren bir ülkedir. Geçmişte sömürge ülkelerinden kalan acı hatıraya rağmen Osmanlı devletinden gördüğü kardeş ve dost yardımlar hafızasının derinliklerinde sağlam izler bırakmıştır. Şimdi ise farklı etnik yapısını huzur ve barış içerisinde birlikte götürebilmenin mücadelesini veren ve diğer ülkelere de örnek oluşturabilecek model bir yapıya sahiptir. Bunun yanında Malezya’yı Türkiye ile karşılaştırmaya çalışmak yanlış sonuçlar doğurabilir. Sömürge geçmişi olmayan, gayr-i Müslim nüfusu neredeyse yok denecek kadar az olan Türkiye’nin Malezya ile kıyaslanması düşünülemez. Bu makalemizde çok dinli toplumlarda Müslümanlar incelenirken Malezya örnek olarak alınacak, onların yaşamları, tarihi ve sosyal evreleri, dini hayatın yaşanmasında sorunların olup olmadığı, milli bir bilinç oluşturmak için nasıl bir strateji geliştirildiği, topyekûn bir bakış açısı ile problemlerin neler olduğu ve ne tür
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Portföy Yönetiminde Sistematik Olmayan Riski Azaltacak Bir Doğrusal Programlama Model Önerisi
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Murat UĞURLU
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Geleneksel portföy teorisi portföy riskini azaltmak için çeşitlendirmeye önem verirken modern portföy teorisi geçmiş nicel bilgileri kullanarak matematiksel ve istatistiksel yöntemlerle yatırımcıya etkin sınır üzerinde bir portföy oluşturma seçeneğini sunmaktadır. Modern portföy teorisinin öncülerinden Markowitz risk olarak standart sapmayı dikkate almıştır. Seçim yapılacak hisse senetlerinin sayısının çokluğu standart sapma hesaplamalarını zorlaştırmaktadır. Konno ve Yamazaki risk olarak standart sapma yerine mutlak sapmayı kullanmış, böylelikle portföy seçimi doğrusal programlama modeli olarak ifade edilebilmiştir. Her iki model portföye girecek hisse senetlerinin sayısına ve endüstri kollarına dağıtılmasına müdahale edemez. Bu ise oluşacak portföyün, teorik olarak bir tek hisse senedinden oluşmasını mümkün kılabilir. Bu çalışmada, bahsedilen olumsuzluğu gidermek amacıyla Konno ve Yamazaki modeli ilave kısıtlarla genişletilerek yatırımcıya en yüksek beklenen getiriyi sağlayan yeni bir doğrusal programlama modeli önerisi yapılmaktadır.
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İşbirliği İle Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Programı Geliştirme Süreci: Durum Çalışması
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Sezgin Vuran
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmanın amacı Zihin Engelliler Öğretmenliği Programı öğretmen adaylarının Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Programlarının Hazırlanması ve Öğretimin Bireyselleştirilmesi dersinde, işbirliği ile Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Programları (BEP geliştirmeleri ve bir ekiple birlikte çalışma becerilerini kazanmaları sürecinin ve sonuçlarının betimlenmesidir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi olan durum çalışması olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya toplam 100 öğretmen adayı ve üç öğretim elemanı katılmıştır. Çalışmada veriler; katılımcı gözlem, saha notları, öğretmen adayı ödevleri, öğretmen adayı günlükleri ve öğretim elemanı görüşleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler içerik analizi yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada uygulama sürecinde işbirliği ile öğretim ve öğrenme yaklaşımları benimsenmiştir. İşbirliği ile öğrenme yolu ile ekip üyelerinin BEP hazırlama becerilerin gelişmesinin yanı sıra BEP’in önemli gerekliliklerinden biri olan ekiple çalışma becerileri de gelişmiştir. Ayrıca dersin işbirliği ile öğretim yolu ile yürütülmesi öğretmen adaylarına işbirliği ile çalışmaya iyi bir model oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda öğretmen adayları hem bireysel hem grup olarak BEP hazırlama aşamalarını izleyerek özel gereksinimi olan bir öğrencinin gereksinimlerine uygun bir BEP hazırlamışlar ve öğretim uyarlamaları yapmışlardır. Ek olarak, işbirliği ile BEP hazırlama sürecinde öğretmen adaylarının birbirleriyle etkili bir iletişim kurdukları ve oldukça hevesli şekilde derse katıldıkları gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları öğretmen adaylarının ileride yaşayabilecekleri zorluklarla baş etmeleri ve sürece hazırlanmaları için öğretmenlere yardımcı olacaktır. The purpose of this study is to reveal the process and the results of the development of an
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Bir Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmeninin WebQuestin Uygulamasına Yönelik Görüşü
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Aytaç Kurtuluş
2014-03-01
Full Text Available t. Bu çalışmada bir WebQuest etkinliğini sınıfında ilk defa uygulayan bir ortaokul matematik öğretmeninin WebQuestin uygulama sürecine ve öğrencileri üzerinde bıraktığı etkisine yönelik görüşü incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmen histogram konusuna yönelik hazırlamış olduğu bir WebQuest etkinliğini 8. sınıf öğrencilerine proje ödevi olarak uygulamıştır. Bu çalışma olgubilim araştırması olarak tasarlanmış olup, veriler öğretmenle uygulama sırasında ve sonunda yapılan görüşmelerden ve uygulama sonunda öğrencilerle yapılan görüşmeler ve öğrenci sunumlarının gözlemlenmesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışma bulguları, WebQuest uygulamasının öğrencilerin motivasyonuna, özgüvenlerine olumlu katkıda bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen öğretmen görüşleri, WebQuestlerin proje ve performans ödevi olarak uygulanabileceğini ve ortaokul matematik öğretim programını desteklediğini ortaya koymuşt
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Küresel Bir Modele Doğru Çin Medyası / Chinese Media: Towards a Global Model
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Emre Tansu KETEN
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Çin, 1991 sonrası “tek kutuplu” dünya sahnesine ABD’ye alternatif bir siyasi güç olarak çıkmasıyla ve 2008 krizinin ardından dünyanın en büyük ikinci ekonomisi haline gelmesiyle dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Maoist bir işçi devletinden, yüzlerce milyarderi olan ve “dünyanın imalathanesi” olarak anılan günümüz Çin’ine uzanan yolda birçok ekonomik reform hayata geçirilmiş, ancak siyaset alanında aynı cüretle bir dönüşüm tercih edilmemiştir. Bu ekonomik reformların sonucu olarak, tek partili iktidar yapısı değişmeden kalsa da, “parti medyası” yerini “medya sektörü”ne bırakmıştır. Devrimin başından 1970’lerin sonuna kadar tamamen parti denetiminde olan Çin medyası, 1980’lerle birlikte özel sektöre açılmış, 2000’lerden itibaren ise özel sektörün ağırlığına geçmiştir. Ancak, sahiplik yapısı itibariyle çoğunluğu özel sektörün elinde olan Çin medyasında, Çin Komünist Partisi, söz sahipliğini elden bırakmamış, sansür, oto-sansür ve manipülasyon araçlarını kullandığı, kendine has bir kontrol sistemi geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Çin medya sisteminin yapısı, işleyişi ve dinamikleri incelenerek, bu yapının temel dayanağının işçi devleti geçmişinden kalan politik miras mı, yoksa neoliberal ekonomik yönelimin otoriter düzenlemeleri mi olduğu ve Çin medya sisteminin “neoliberal otoriterleşme” rotasına giren ülkeler için bir medya kontrol modeli sunup sunamadığı tartışılacaktır. / China has been drawing attention both by having emerged after 1991 as an alternative political power in the “uni-polar” world supervised by the U.S and by having become the second largest economy after the crisis of 2008. Despite the economics reforms aimed at transition to the market economy that have transformed China into the “workshop of the world” and created hundreds of multibilionaires, the political sphere has
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Enver BAYRAM
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Batı dünyasında bilimsel buluş ve keşiflerin yeni başladığı bir dönemde, İslam dünyasında birçok bilimsel buluş ve keşif Müslüman bilim adamları tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Bu buluş ve keşiflerin yapıldığı alanlardan biri de Jeoloji (yer ilmidir. Bu konuyu tefsirinde etraflıca ele alan Râzî (ö. 606/1210, yer ile ilgili âyetleri kendi döneminin ilmi verileri doğrultusunda ayrıntılı bir şekilde tefsir etmiştir. Bu yüzden onun bazı açıklamaları, zaman zaman modern Jeoloji ilminin verilerine ters düşebilmektedir. Onun, bu âyetleri tefsir ederken en temel amacı, bunları Allah’ın varlığına ve birliğine delil getirmesi olmuştur.
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Geleneksel ve Elektronik Ağızdan Ağıza İletişim Yöntemlerine Genel Bir Bakış
Demirbaş, Esra
2018-01-01
Ağızdan ağıza iletişim (WOM-word of mouth); tüketicilerin, bir ürün, hizmet veya kurumlailgili çoğunlukla memnun kalmadıkları veya beğendikleri hususları diğer kişilere iletmek üzerekullandıkları resmi olmayan bir iletişim yoludur.Bazı özel ürün kategorilerinde ve özellikle de hizmet sektöründe, müşterilerin satın alım öncesiWOM’dan etkilenip karar verdikleri düşünülmektedir. Globalleşen ve gelişen iletişim teknolojilerineticesinde WOM’un gittikçe artan önemi ve kurumların performansını etkil...
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Huzursuzlukla Yuvaya Dönüş: Fatih-Harbiye Ve Bir Tereddüdün Romanı’nda Aşılamayan Kriz
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Jale Özata Dirlikyapan
2017-12-01
Full Text Available Döneminin en önemli romancı ve düşünce adamlarından biri olan Peyami Safa (1899-1961, hemen her devride romanları üzerine düşünülen ve söz söylenen bir yazar olmuştur. Özellikle ilk dönem romanlarının şematik yapısından sıkça söz edilmiş ve bu romanlar çoğunlukla “ulusal alegori” düşüncesi etrafında değerlendirilmişlerdir. Fatih-Harbiye ve Bir Tereddüdün Romanı kitaplarındaki kadın-erkek ilişkileri çoğunlukla bir medeniyet krizinin görünümleri olarak ele alınmış, romanlardaki bazı önemli detaylar görmezden gelinebilmiştir. Her iki romanın sonunda da Batıyı temsil eden değerler savuşturulmuş gibi görünse de, aslında romanlar bir tür bezginlik, boşvermişlik ve huzursuzlukla son bulur. Peyami Safa genelde söylendiği gibi dişil, irrasyonel, kozmopolit unsurları bünyesinden kovmayı arzular görünse de, tam da dişil, irrasyonel veya “vahşi ölçüde samimi” olanın alanındayken kısmen daha özgür bir bilinçle nitelikli edebiyat yapıyordur. Birbirine sıkı sıkıya bağlı olan bu unsurlar, yazarın “milli ideal” etrafında ördüğü kürsü konuşmaları tarafından gizlenmeye, baskılanmaya çalışılsa da, bunları ele alışı sayesinde Peyami Safa’daki “büyük romancı” kendini gösterebilmiştir
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Positive selection in the leucine-rich repeat domain of Gro1 genes in ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
history during which the main structure of the domain has been conserved such that ... from the column using 100 μL of distilled water. The LRR fragments from the ... ture of the domain and to obtain the best PDB template for mapping positive ...
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Kosovo albaanlaste imelootus hääbub läbirääkimiste kiuste / Triin Oppi
Oppi, Triin
2007-01-01
Serbia ja Kosovo provintsi esindajate läbirääkimistest Viinis ning ÜRO esindaja Martti Ahtisaari ettepanekust Kosovo suhtes, kus välditakse sõna "iseseisvus". Euroopa Liit üritab Kosovot juhtida iseseisvuse teele, pakkudes Serbiale võimalust mitte anda välja Haagi sõjatribunalile Ratko Mladicit. Vt. samas: Kosovo äärmuslased õhkisid kolm ÜRO sõidukit. Kaart
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Distribution and Evolution of Yersinia Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins
Hu, Yueming; Huang, He; Hui, Xinjie; Cheng, Xi; White, Aaron P.
2016-01-01
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins are widely distributed in bacteria, playing important roles in various protein-protein interaction processes. In Yersinia, the well-characterized type III secreted effector YopM also belongs to the LRR protein family and is encoded by virulence plasmids. However, little has been known about other LRR members encoded by Yersinia genomes or their evolution. In this study, the Yersinia LRR proteins were comprehensively screened, categorized, and compared. The LRR proteins encoded by chromosomes (LRR1 proteins) appeared to be more similar to each other and different from those encoded by plasmids (LRR2 proteins) with regard to repeat-unit length, amino acid composition profile, and gene expression regulation circuits. LRR1 proteins were also different from LRR2 proteins in that the LRR1 proteins contained an E3 ligase domain (NEL domain) in the C-terminal region or an NEL domain-encoding nucleotide relic in flanking genomic sequences. The LRR1 protein-encoding genes (LRR1 genes) varied dramatically and were categorized into 4 subgroups (a to d), with the LRR1a to -c genes evolving from the same ancestor and LRR1d genes evolving from another ancestor. The consensus and ancestor repeat-unit sequences were inferred for different LRR1 protein subgroups by use of a maximum parsimony modeling strategy. Structural modeling disclosed very similar repeat-unit structures between LRR1 and LRR2 proteins despite the different unit lengths and amino acid compositions. Structural constraints may serve as the driving force to explain the observed mutations in the LRR regions. This study suggests that there may be functional variation and lays the foundation for future experiments investigating the functions of the chromosomally encoded LRR proteins of Yersinia. PMID:27217422
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Shin, Il-Hwan; Lee, Woo-Hyuk; Lee, Jong-Joo; Jo, Young-Joon; Kim, Jung-Yeul
2018-02-01
To determine the repeatability of measuring the thickness of the central macula, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration. One hundred and thirty-four eyes were included. The measurement repeatability was assessed by an experienced examiner who performed two consecutive measurements using a 512 × 128 macular cube scan and a 200 × 200 optic disk cube scan. To assess changes in macular morphology in patients with age-related macular degeneration, the patients were divided into the following three groups according to the central macular thickness (CMT): A group, CMT 300 μm. Measurement repeatability was assessed using test-retest variability, a coefficient of variation, and an intraclass correlation coefficient. The mean measurement repeatability for the central macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and GC-IPL thickness was high in the B group. The mean measurement repeatability for both the central macula and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was high in the A and C groups, but was lower for the GC-IPL thickness. The measurement repeatability for GC-IPL thickness was high in the B group, but low in the A group and in the C group. The automated measurement repeatability for GC-IPL thickness was significantly lower in patients with age-related macular degeneration with out of normal CMT range. The effect of changes in macular morphology should be considered when analyzing GC-IPL thicknesses in a variety of ocular diseases.
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Comparison of the carboxy-terminal DP-repeat region in the co-chaperones Hop and Hip.
Nelson, Gregory M; Huffman, Holly; Smith, David F
2003-01-01
Functional steroid receptor complexes are assembled and maintained by an ordered pathway of interactions involving multiple components of the cellular chaperone machinery. Two of these components, Hop and Hip, serve as co-chaperones to the major heat shock proteins (Hsps), Hsp70 and Hsp90, and participate in intermediate stages of receptor assembly. In an effort to better understand the functions of Hop and Hip in the assembly process, we focused on a region of similarity located near the C-terminus of each co-chaperone. Contained within this region is a repeated sequence motif we have termed the DP repeat. Earlier mutagenesis studies implicated the DP repeat of either Hop or Hip in Hsp70 binding and in normal assembly of the co-chaperones with progesterone receptor (PR) complexes. We report here that the DP repeat lies within a protease-resistant domain that extends to or is near the C-terminus of both co-chaperones. Point mutations in the DP repeats render the C-terminal regions hypersensitive to proteolysis. In addition, a Hop DP mutant displays altered proteolytic digestion patterns, which suggest that the DP-repeat region influences the folding of other Hop domains. Although the respective DP regions of Hop and Hip share sequence and structural similarities, they are not functionally interchangeable. Moreover, a double-point mutation within the second DP-repeat unit of Hop that converts this to the sequence found in Hip disrupts Hop function; however, the corresponding mutation in Hip does not alter its function. We conclude that the DP repeats are important structural elements within a C-terminal domain, which is important for Hop and Hip function.
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Partiklid jah, jaa ning jajaa naaberpaari järelliikmena müügiläbirääkimistes / Riina Kasterpalu
Kasterpalu, Riina
2005-01-01
Vastavate partiklite funktsionaalsetest ülesannetest, kasutamisest ja tähendustest müügivestlustes telefoni teel peetud müügiläbirääkimisi analüüsides. Järgneb: Keel ja Kirjandus, 2005, nr. 12
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Yang, Yue; Wang, Haicheng; Xu, Shuyu; Peng, Jing; Jiang, Jiuhui; Li, Cuiying
2015-08-01
To investigate the effect of the fibronectin extra domain A on the aggressiveness of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells, via the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ associated proteins (Cas) system. One sgRNA was designed to target the upstream of the genome sequences of extra domain A(EDA) exon and the downstream. Then the sgRNA was linked into plasmid PX-330 and transfected into SACC-83 cells. PCR and DNA sequence were used to testify the knockout cells, and the monoclones of EDA absent SACC cells were selected (A+C-2, A+C-6, B+C-10). CCK-8 cell proliferation and invasion was then tested in control group and the experimental group. The sgRNA was successfully linked into PX-330 plasmid. Part of adenoid cystic carcinoma cells' SACC-83 genomic EDA exon was knocked out, and the knockdown efficiency was above 70%, but the total amount of fibronectin did not change significantly. Three monoclones of EDA absent SACC- 83 cells were successfully selected with diminished migration and proliferation. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was a simplified system with relatively high knockout efficiency and EDA knockout could inhibiting SACC cell's mobility and invasiveness.
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BAŞFIRINCI, Çiğdem
2016-01-01
Marka imajı, günümüzün pazarlama literatüründeki önemli konu başlıklarından bir tanesidir. Ne var ki, yöntembilimsel bir bakış açısıyla, marka imajını sosyal ağ analizi ile inceleyen çalışmaların sayısının son derece sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu araştırmanın amacı markaya ilişkin çağrışımların keşfedilmesinde alternatif ve kullanışlı bir yöntem olarak sosyal ağ analizini tanıtmak ve bu yöntemin marka imajlarının derinlemesine ve rekabetçi biçimde keşfine nasıl olanak sağladığı...
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Hz. Peygamber Dönemi Eğitimine Genel Bir Bakış
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yasin Yılmaz
2015-11-01
Full Text Available Allah'a inanan güzel ahlakla teçhiz edilen erdemli bir toplum oluşturmayı amaçlayan Hz. Peygamber için bunu gerçekleştirmede, ilim, eğitim ve öğretim bir hayat felsefesi olmuştur. Buna paralel olarak onun çalışmalarında ve sözlerinde bilgi, öğrenme, öğretme, öğrenci ve öğretmene büyük önem verildiği görülmektedir. İnsanIarın karanlıktan aydınlığa çıkması için bütün imkanları kullanmıştır. Ancak Hz. Peygamber'in yaptığı eğitim ve öğretimi kendi döneminin sosyal ve fiziki şartları, ihtiyaçları ve metotları çerçevesinde gerçekleştirdiğini unutmamak gerekir. Dönemin şartlarının, imkanlarının ve olumsuzluklarının çok fazla olmasına rağmen, Hz.Peygamber'in eğitim ve öğretim konusunda bugün dahi geçerliliğini koruyan evrensel nitelikteki uygulamaları bizim için çok önemlidir. Modem çağların insanlarının olan günümüz insanlarının onun eğitim ve öğretim sisteminden istifade edeceği çok yönlerin olduğu kanaatindeyim
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Yu, Yang; Zhao, Zhigang; Shi, Yanrong; Tian, Hua; Liu, Linglong; Bian, Xiaofeng; Xu, Yang; Zheng, Xiaoming; Gan, Lu; Shen, Yumin; Wang, Chaolong; Yu, Xiaowen; Wang, Chunming; Zhang, Xin; Guo, Xiuping; Wang, Jiulin; Ikehashi, Hiroshi; Jiang, Ling; Wan, Jianmin
2016-07-01
Intersubspecific hybrid sterility is a common form of reproductive isolation in rice (Oryza sativa L.), which significantly hampers the utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica varieties. Here, we elucidated the mechanism of S7, which specially causes Aus-japonica/indica hybrid female sterility, through cytological and genetic analysis, map-based cloning, and transformation experiments. Abnormal positioning of polar nuclei and smaller embryo sac were observed in F1 compared with male and female parents. Female gametes carrying S7(cp) and S7(i) were aborted in S7(ai)/S7(cp) and S7(ai)/S7(i), respectively, whereas they were normal in both N22 and Dular possessing a neutral allele, S7(n) S7 was fine mapped to a 139-kb region in the centromere region on chromosome 7, where the recombination was remarkably suppressed due to aggregation of retrotransposons. Among 16 putative open reading frames (ORFs) localized in the mapping region, ORF3 encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing protein was highly expressed in the pistil. Transformation experiments demonstrated that ORF3 is the candidate gene: downregulated expression of ORF3 restored spikelet fertility and eliminated absolutely preferential transmission of S7(ai) in heterozygote S7(ai)/S7(cp); sterility occurred in the transformants Cpslo17-S7(ai) Our results may provide implications for overcoming hybrid embryo sac sterility in intersubspecific hybrid rice and utilization of hybrid heterosis for cultivated rice improvement. Copyright © 2016 by the Genetics Society of America.
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Domain-specific and domain-general constraints on word and sequence learning.
Archibald, Lisa M D; Joanisse, Marc F
2013-02-01
The relative influences of language-related and memory-related constraints on the learning of novel words and sequences were examined by comparing individual differences in performance of children with and without specific deficits in either language or working memory. Children recalled lists of words in a Hebbian learning protocol in which occasional lists repeated, yielding improved recall over the course of the task on the repeated lists. The task involved presentation of pictures of common nouns followed immediately by equivalent presentations of the spoken names. The same participants also completed a paired-associate learning task involving word-picture and nonword-picture pairs. Hebbian learning was observed for all groups. Domain-general working memory constrained immediate recall, whereas language abilities impacted recall in the auditory modality only. In addition, working memory constrained paired-associate learning generally, whereas language abilities disproportionately impacted novel word learning. Overall, all of the learning tasks were highly correlated with domain-general working memory. The learning of nonwords was additionally related to general intelligence, phonological short-term memory, language abilities, and implicit learning. The results suggest that distinct associations between language- and memory-related mechanisms support learning of familiar and unfamiliar phonological forms and sequences.
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Forooghian, Farzin; Cukras, Catherine; Meyerle, Catherine B; Chew, Emily Y; Wong, Wai T
2008-10-01
To evaluate macular thickness and volume measurements and their intrasession repeatability in two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems: the Stratus OCT, a time domain system, and the Cirrus HD-OCT, a spectral domain system (both by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA), in the context of diabetic macular edema (DME). Thirty-three eyes of 33 diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) were scanned in a single session by a single operator on both OCT systems. Macular thickness measurements of nine standard macular subfields and total macular volume were obtained and analyzed. Bland-Altman plots were constructed to assess agreement in macular measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of repeatability (CR(W)), and coefficients of variation (CV(W)) were used to assess intrasession repeatability. Macular thickness in nine retinal subfields and macular volume were significantly higher in the Cirrus HD-OCT system compared with the Stratus OCT system. Subfield thickness and total volume measurements, respectively, were 30 to 55 microm and 3.2 mm(3) greater for the Cirrus HD-OCT system compared with the Stratus OCT system. Both Stratus OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT systems demonstrated high intrasession repeatability, with overlapping ranges for CR(W), CV(W), and ICC. Repeatability measures (CR(W) and CV(W)) differed significantly between systems in only one of nine subfields (outer temporal subfield). Absolute measures of macular thickness and volume in patients with DME differed significantly in magnitude between the Stratus OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT systems. However, both OCT systems demonstrated high intrasessional repeatability. Although the two systems may not be used interchangeably, they appear equally reliable in generating macular measurements for clinical practice and research.
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Predicting detection performance with model observers: Fourier domain or spatial domain?
Chen, Baiyu; Yu, Lifeng; Leng, Shuai; Kofler, James; Favazza, Christopher; Vrieze, Thomas; McCollough, Cynthia
2016-02-27
The use of Fourier domain model observer is challenged by iterative reconstruction (IR), because IR algorithms are nonlinear and IR images have noise texture different from that of FBP. A modified Fourier domain model observer, which incorporates nonlinear noise and resolution properties, has been proposed for IR and needs to be validated with human detection performance. On the other hand, the spatial domain model observer is theoretically applicable to IR, but more computationally intensive than the Fourier domain method. The purpose of this study is to compare the modified Fourier domain model observer to the spatial domain model observer with both FBP and IR images, using human detection performance as the gold standard. A phantom with inserts of various low contrast levels and sizes was repeatedly scanned 100 times on a third-generation, dual-source CT scanner at 5 dose levels and reconstructed using FBP and IR algorithms. The human detection performance of the inserts was measured via a 2-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) test. In addition, two model observer performances were calculated, including a Fourier domain non-prewhitening model observer and a spatial domain channelized Hotelling observer. The performance of these two mode observers was compared in terms of how well they correlated with human observer performance. Our results demonstrated that the spatial domain model observer correlated well with human observers across various dose levels, object contrast levels, and object sizes. The Fourier domain observer correlated well with human observers using FBP images, but overestimated the detection performance using IR images.
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Structure of filamin A immunoglobulin-like repeat 10 from Homo sapiens
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Page, Richard C.; Clark, Jeffrey G.; Misra, Saurav
2011-01-01
The structure of immunoglobulin-like repeat 10 from human filamin A solved at 2.44 Å resolution suggests the potential effects of mutations correlated with otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorders. Filamin A (FlnA) plays a critical role in cytoskeletal organization, cell motility and cellular signaling. FlnA utilizes different binding sites on a series of 24 immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig repeats) to interact with diverse cytosolic proteins and with cytoplasmic portions of membrane proteins. Mutations in a specific domain, Ig10 (FlnA-Ig10), are correlated with two severe forms of the otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorders Melnick–Needles syndrome and frontometaphyseal dysplasia. The crystal structure of FlnA-Ig10 determined at 2.44 Å resolution provides insight into the perturbations caused by these mutations
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2. Bölgesel TIAFT (Uluslararası Adli Toksikologlar Birliği Toplantısı Sonuç Bildirgesi
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Halis Dokgöz
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Adli ve Klinik Toksikoloji Derneği (AKTOD tarafından, Adli Tıp Kurumu, Adli Tıp Uzmanları Derneği, TUBİM, Jandarma Kriminal Daire Başkanlığı, Türk Farmakoloji Derneği, Türkiye Acil Tıp Derneği destekleri ile, 30 Ekim 2 Kasım 2016 tarihleri arasında 2. Bölgesel TIAFT (The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists-http://www.tiaftturkey2016.org Toplantısı, Antalya WOW Topkapı Palace Oteli’nde düzenlenmiştir. Kongreye The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT, European Workplace Drug Testing Society, Regional Anti-Doping Center of Turin, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, UCSF School of Medicine, Society of Forensic Toxicologists (USA, National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Ministery of Justice (Spain Driving Under the Influence Drugs – ROSITA projesi gibi birçok alanda bilim adamları çalışmalarını paylaşmışlardır. Ülkemiz ulusal uyuşturucu politika ve stratejisi kapsamında, “Uyuşturucu Maddelerle Mücadele” Üst Kurulundan (Adalet Bakanlığı Müsteşar Yardımcısı, Sağlık Bakanlığı Müsteşar Yardımcısı, Adalet Bakanlığı Ceza İşleri Müdürlüğü hâkimleri ve AB Devletlerinden bu alanda aktif olarak çalışmış yöneticiler tarafından sunulan faaliyet raporları, güncel gelişmeler ve yeni eylem planları “Uyuşturucu ile Mücadele” oturumunda; sunulmuştur. Bu oturumda; arz ve taleple mücadelede, suçun delillendirilmesi ve Denetimli Serbestlik hakkından yararlanılması aşamasında laboratuvar sonucunun bilimsel kanıt/somut veri olması nedeniyle bu analizden sorumlu “Referans adli toksikoloji laboratuvarları” nın önemi ve özellikleri, bu laboratuvarlarda çalışacak kişilerin ilgili bilimsel kurul tarafından onaylanması konuları tartışılmıştır ve yurtdışı örnekleri incelenmiştir. Bu açıklamalar kapsamında; madde bağımlılığında madde testinin birçok amaçla yapılabildiği, klinik
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet GÜVEN
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Türkiye’nin yakın tarihinde meydana gelmiş olan ve birçok açıdan ilkleri barındıran Gezi Parkı Olayları, göstericilerin kullandıkları dil açısından da dikkat çekicidir. Özellikle sloganlar ve duvar yazıları şeklinde karşımıza çıkan bu farklı dil, olaylar esnasında da sıkça dile getirilmiş, pek çok köşe yazısına ve mizah dergisine de konu olmuştur. Önceki dönemlerdeki gösteri ve protestoların dillerine kıyasla Gezi’nin dili belirgin bir farklılık arz etmektedir. Dildeki bu değişim/dönüşüm toplumsal olayları okumak açısından anahtar niteliğindedir. Kültürün ve dolayısıyla toplumsal olayların dil gibi yapılandığı kabul edildiğinde doğrudan göstergebilimsel bir incelemenin alanına girilmiş olur. Bu çalışmada Gezi Parkı Olaylarındaki söylem göstergebilim kavramlarından olan metaforik ve metonimik bağlamlarda incelenecektir. Bunu yaparken Gezi Parkı Olayları sürecinde kullanılan sloganlar ve duvar yazıları temel alınacaktır. Bu slogan ve duvar yazılarının yapılarında metaforik düzlemden metonimik düzleme doğru bir dönüşüm olduğunu varsayıyoruz. Metonimik düzleme doğru meydana gelen dönüşümü ise toplumsal dönüşümün okunabilmesi için uygun bir anahtar olarak değerlendiriyoruz. / The protesters’ language used in Taksim Gezi Park Protests which has included many initials in many aspects in Turkey is remarkable. That this different language has been manifested especially in the form of slogans and graffitis has been subjected to many column and humor magazines during the protests. In comparison to older protests Gezi has many distinct differences. This transformation in language has played a key role to understand social movements. When we accept the culture and accordingly social movements are structured as language we enter the field of semiotics directly. The aim of this study is to examine the discourse of Gezi Park Protests in the
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İki Spor Kulübünün Hisse Senedi Getirileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Deniz PARLAK
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Futbol, günümüz dünyasında bir eğlence unsuru olmaktan çıkarak endüstri kolu haline gelmiştir. Bu sporun Türkiye’deki en önemli temsilcileri olan Fenerbahçe ve Galatasaray’ın arasındaki rekabet hem takım düzeyinde sahada hem de şirket düzeyinde borsada yaşanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bu iki futbol takımının yaptıkları karşılaşmalarda aldıkları sonuçların borsada işlem gören hisselerine ait fiyatlara etkisini incelemektir. Takımların kendi sonuçlarının yanı sıra rakibinin aldığı sonuçların da şirketin hisse senedi getirisine etki edip etmediği araştırılmıştır. Kullanılan üç günlük olay etüdü analizi ile maç sonuçlarına ait beklentilerin maçtan bir gün önce, maç sonuçlarının ise maçtan bir gün sonra kümülatif anormal getiri yarattığını göstermiştir. Kümülatif anormal getirinin rakibin elde ettiği sonuçlara göre farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır.
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Sanat Yapıtı Sergileme ve Sunum Çeşitlerine Örnekler Eşliğinde Bir Bakış
AYAN ERGEN, Burcu
2014-01-01
Sergi, sahip olunanları gerek göstermek gerekse ticaret amacıyla başkalarına sunmak için oluşturulan bir düzendir. Sergilemek eski kullanımıyla teşhir etmek anlamına gelir. Sergileme ve sunum yöntemleri, gereksinimlerin ve teknolojinin zaman içinde geçirdiği evrime bağlı olarak sürekli değişen ve yenilenen bir biçim alır. Günümüzde müze ve galerilerde sergileme çeşitleri üzerinde durulacak ve sergilerin oluşturulma düşüncesi ile nasıl oluşturulduğunun inceleneceği bu bildiride, örnekler üzeri...
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Yahashiri, Atsushi; Jorgenson, Matthew A; Weiss, David S
2017-07-15
Sporulation-related repeat (SPOR) domains are small peptidoglycan (PG) binding domains found in thousands of bacterial proteins. The name "SPOR domain" stems from the fact that several early examples came from proteins involved in sporulation, but SPOR domain proteins are quite diverse and contribute to a variety of processes that involve remodeling of the PG sacculus, especially with respect to cell division. SPOR domains target proteins to the division site by binding to regions of PG devoid of stem peptides ("denuded" glycans), which in turn are enriched in septal PG by the intense, localized activity of cell wall amidases involved in daughter cell separation. This targeting mechanism sets SPOR domain proteins apart from most other septal ring proteins, which localize via protein-protein interactions. In addition to SPOR domains, bacteria contain several other PG-binding domains that can exploit features of the cell wall to target proteins to specific subcellular sites. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
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Mudgil, Yashwanti; Shiu, Shin-Han; Stone, Sophia L; Salt, Jennifer N; Goring, Daphne R
2004-01-01
The Arabidopsis genome was searched to identify predicted proteins containing armadillo (ARM) repeats, a motif known to mediate protein-protein interactions in a number of different animal proteins. Using domain database predictions and models generated in this study, 108 Arabidopsis proteins were identified that contained a minimum of two ARM repeats with the majority of proteins containing four to eight ARM repeats. Clustering analysis showed that the 108 predicted Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins could be divided into multiple groups with wide differences in their domain compositions and organizations. Interestingly, 41 of the 108 Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins contained a U-box, a motif present in a family of E3 ligases, and these proteins represented the largest class of Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins. In 14 of these U-box/ARM repeat proteins, there was also a novel conserved domain identified in the N-terminal region. Based on the phylogenetic tree, representative U-box/ARM repeat proteins were selected for further study. RNA-blot analyses revealed that these U-box/ARM proteins are expressed in a variety of tissues in Arabidopsis. In addition, the selected U-box/ARM proteins were found to be functional E3 ubiquitin ligases. Thus, these U-box/ARM proteins represent a new family of E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pervin Yigit
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Abstract John Brown (1715-1766 and William Warburton (1698-1779 were two leading characters of the English Enlightenment. The enlightenment associated with their works could provide a political, social and intellectual situation of eighteenth century Britain. Therefore, they are worthy of attention. Britain became a trans-oceanic commercial and colonial power in the first half of the century and thus the growth of commercial society and empire changed the character of the nation. Warburton’s works were presenting a complicated programme for reform. Warburton and also his party (Warburton circle aimed to preserve the Great Britain from the effects of intolerance, superstition, religious enthusiasm and religious division. They aimed to maintain the Anglican establishment. Brown who was considered as a loyal member of Warburton circle, regardless their fall out later, introduced reform strategies for the eighteenth century Britain like other members. In this paper it is indicated that Brown was developing a different reform agenda to that of William Warburton. I argue that the Brown’s main work “An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of The Times” (1757 can actually be read as a refutation of Warburton’s thoughts and of the reform strategies developed by members of his circle and thus Brown need to be considered as a self-directed political reformist. Öz John Brown (1715-1766 ve William Warburton (1698-1779 İngiliz Aydınlaması’nın en önemli karakterlerindendir. Her ikisinin de yapıtları 18. yüzyıl İngilteresi’nin siyasi, sosyal ve entellektüel durumunu ve dolayısı ile İngiliz Aydınlanması’nı bize gösterdikleri için, çalışmaya değerdir. Britanya 18. yüzyılın ilk yarısında okyanus aşırı ticari bir güç ve bir sömürge imparatorluğu olduğu için, ulusun karakteri değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu sebepten Warburton, eserleri aracılığı ile İngiltere için ulusal bir reform program sunar. O
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Raman, Rajeev; Rajanikanth, V; Palaniappan, Raghavan U M; Lin, Yi-Pin; He, Hongxuan; McDonough, Sean P; Sharma, Yogendra; Chang, Yung-Fu
2010-12-29
Many bacterial surface exposed proteins mediate the host-pathogen interaction more effectively in the presence of Ca²+. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins, LigA and LigB, are surface exposed proteins containing Bacterial immunoglobulin like (Big) domains. The function of proteins which contain Big fold is not known. Based on the possible similarities of immunoglobulin and βγ-crystallin folds, we here explore the important question whether Ca²+ binds to a Big domains, which would provide a novel functional role of the proteins containing Big fold. We selected six individual Big domains for this study (three from the conserved part of LigA and LigB, denoted as Lig A3, Lig A4, and LigBCon5; two from the variable region of LigA, i.e., 9(th) (Lig A9) and 10(th) repeats (Lig A10); and one from the variable region of LigB, i.e., LigBCen2. We have also studied the conserved region covering the three and six repeats (LigBCon1-3 and LigCon). All these proteins bind the calcium-mimic dye Stains-all. All the selected four domains bind Ca²+ with dissociation constants of 2-4 µM. Lig A9 and Lig A10 domains fold well with moderate thermal stability, have β-sheet conformation and form homodimers. Fluorescence spectra of Big domains show a specific doublet (at 317 and 330 nm), probably due to Trp interaction with a Phe residue. Equilibrium unfolding of selected Big domains is similar and follows a two-state model, suggesting the similarity in their fold. We demonstrate that the Lig are Ca²+-binding proteins, with Big domains harbouring the binding motif. We conclude that despite differences in sequence, a Big motif binds Ca²+. This work thus sets up a strong possibility for classifying the proteins containing Big domains as a novel family of Ca²+-binding proteins. Since Big domain is a part of many proteins in bacterial kingdom, we suggest a possible function these proteins via Ca²+ binding.
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ABD liderliğindeki Irak işgali sonrası körfez işbirliği konseyi (KİK) : Güvenlik topluluğu'na doğru
Çetinoğlu, Nur
2010-01-01
ABD liderliğindeki Irak işgalinin sonuçları sadece Irak'la sınırlı kalmamış, sınırlarının ötesine taşmıştır. O tarihe kadar gevşek bir ittifak olarak kabul edilen Körfez İşbirliği Konseyi (KİK), söz konusu işgalin sonuçlarından en çok etkilenen birimlerden olmuştur. Bu makale, KİK 'in henüz bir güvenlik topluluğu olmamasına rağmen, bu yolda aşama kaydettiğini iddia etmektedir. Irak savaşı sonrası dönemde hem KİK dışında yaşanan gelişmelerin hem de KİK bünyesinde kaydedilen ilerlemelerin anali...
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Bir köpekte Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)’dan kaynaklanan travmatik myiasis olgusu
Işık, Nermin; Dik, Bilal
2015-01-01
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi Kliniğine yaralanmaşikâyeti ile getirilen bir erkek köpeğin muayenesinde, solkulağında ve çevresinde yüzlerce sayıda sinek larvalarınarastlandı. Toplanan larvalar, anterior ve posterior stigmalarave sefalo-faringeal iskeletin morfolojik özelliklerine göreteşhis edildi. Mikroskobik muayene sonucu larvaların Luciliasericata’nın üçüncü dönem larvası olduğu tespit edildi.
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Thermal stability of chicken brain {alpha}-spectrin repeat 17: a spectroscopic study
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brenner, Annette K. [University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry (Norway); Kieffer, Bruno [Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, IGBMC Biomolecular NMR Group, CNRS UMR 7104 (France); Trave, Gilles [Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Equipe Oncoproteines, IREBS, UMR 7242 (France); Froystein, Nils Age [University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry (Norway); Raae, Arnt J., E-mail: arnt.raae@mbi.uib.no [University of Bergen, Department of Molecular Biology (Norway)
2012-06-15
Spectrin is a rod-like multi-modular protein that is mainly composed of triple-helical repeats. These repeats show very similar 3D-structures but variable conformational and thermodynamical stabilities, which may be of great importance for the flexibility and dynamic behaviour of spectrin in the cell. For instance, repeat 17 (R17) of the chicken brain spectrin {alpha}-chain is four times less stable than neighbouring repeat 16 (R16) in terms of Increment G. The structure of spectrin repeats has mainly been investigated by X-ray crystallography, but the structures of a few repeats, e.g. R16, have also been determined by NMR spectroscopy. Here, we undertook a detailed characterization of the neighbouring R17 by NMR spectroscopy. We assigned most backbone resonances and observed NOE restraints, relaxation values and coupling constants that all indicated that the fold of R17 is highly similar to that of R16, in agreement with previous X-ray analysis of a tandem repeat of the two domains. However, {sup 15}N heteronuclear NMR spectra measured at different temperatures revealed particular features of the R17 domain that might contribute to its lower stability. Conformational exchange appeared to alter the linker connecting R17 to R16 as well as the BC-loop in close proximity. In addition, heat-induced splitting was observed for backbone resonances of a few spatially related residues including V99 of helix C, which in R16 is replaced by the larger hydrophobic tryptophan residue that is relatively conserved among other spectrin repeats. These data support the view that the substitution of tryptophan by valine at this position may contribute to the lower stability of R17.
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Poly-dipeptides encoded by the C9orf72 repeats bind nucleoli, impede RNA biogenesis, and kill cells.
Kwon, Ilmin; Xiang, Siheng; Kato, Masato; Wu, Leeju; Theodoropoulos, Pano; Wang, Tao; Kim, Jiwoong; Yun, Jonghyun; Xie, Yang; McKnight, Steven L
2014-09-05
Many RNA regulatory proteins controlling pre-messenger RNA splicing contain serine:arginine (SR) repeats. Here, we found that these SR domains bound hydrogel droplets composed of fibrous polymers of the low-complexity domain of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2). Hydrogel binding was reversed upon phosphorylation of the SR domain by CDC2-like kinases 1 and 2 (CLK1/2). Mutated variants of the SR domains changing serine to glycine (SR-to-GR variants) also bound to hnRNPA2 hydrogels but were not affected by CLK1/2. When expressed in mammalian cells, these variants bound nucleoli. The translation products of the sense and antisense transcripts of the expansion repeats associated with the C9orf72 gene altered in neurodegenerative disease encode GRn and PRn repeat polypeptides. Both peptides bound to hnRNPA2 hydrogels independent of CLK1/2 activity. When applied to cultured cells, both peptides entered cells, migrated to the nucleus, bound nucleoli, and poisoned RNA biogenesis, which caused cell death. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Liu, Shangfeng; Chu, Jessica; Yucer, Nur; Leng, Mei; Wang, Shih-Ya; Chen, Benjamin P C; Hittelman, Walter N; Wang, Yi
2011-06-24
DNA damage response is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing cancer by coordinating the activation of checkpoints and the repair of damaged DNA. Central to DNA damage response are the two checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR that phosphorylate a wide range of substrates. RING finger and WD repeat domain 3 (RFWD3) was initially identified as a substrate of ATM/ATR from a proteomic screen. Subsequent studies showed that RFWD3 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates p53 in vitro and positively regulates p53 levels in response to DNA damage. We report here that RFWD3 associates with replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that plays essential roles in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Binding of RPA to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which is generated by DNA damage and repair, is essential for the recruitment of DNA repair factors to damaged sites and the activation of checkpoint signaling. We show that RFWD3 is physically associated with RPA and rapidly localizes to sites of DNA damage in a RPA-dependent manner. In vitro experiments suggest that the C terminus of RFWD3, which encompass the coiled-coil domain and the WD40 domain, is necessary for binding to RPA. Furthermore, DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of RPA and RFWD3 is dependent upon each other. Consequently, loss of RFWD3 results in the persistent foci of DNA damage marker γH2AX and the repair protein Rad51 in damaged cells. These findings suggest that RFWD3 is recruited to sites of DNA damage and facilitates RPA-mediated DNA damage signaling and repair.
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Repeat-associated plasticity in the Helicobacter pylori RD gene family.
Shak, Joshua R; Dick, Jonathan J; Meinersmann, Richard J; Perez-Perez, Guillermo I; Blaser, Martin J
2009-11-01
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is remarkable for its ability to persist in the human stomach for decades without provoking sterilizing immunity. Since repetitive DNA can facilitate adaptive genomic flexibility via increased recombination, insertion, and deletion, we searched the genomes of two H. pylori strains for nucleotide repeats. We discovered a family of genes with extensive repetitive DNA that we have termed the H. pylori RD gene family. Each gene of this family is composed of a conserved 3' region, a variable mid-region encoding 7 and 11 amino acid repeats, and a 5' region containing one of two possible alleles. Analysis of five complete genome sequences and PCR genotyping of 42 H. pylori strains revealed extensive variation between strains in the number, location, and arrangement of RD genes. Furthermore, examination of multiple strains isolated from a single subject's stomach revealed intrahost variation in repeat number and composition. Despite prior evidence that the protein products of this gene family are expressed at the bacterial cell surface, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies revealed no consistent seroreactivity to a recombinant RD protein by H. pylori-positive hosts. The pattern of repeats uncovered in the RD gene family appears to reflect slipped-strand mispairing or domain duplication, allowing for redundancy and subsequent diversity in genotype and phenotype. This novel family of hypervariable genes with conserved, repetitive, and allelic domains may represent an important locus for understanding H. pylori persistence in its natural host.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shi Min; Chen Yafeng; Huang Fang; Liu Pengcheng; Zhou Xueping; Chen Xuexin
2008-01-01
Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) is an endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae and injects a polydnavirus (CvBV) into its host during oviposition. In this report we describe the characterization of a gene (CvBV805) and its products. CvBV805 is located on the segment S8 of CvBV genome; it has a size of 909 bp and encodes a predicted protein of 125 amino acids. This protein contains an ankyrin repeat domain with a high degree of similarity with IκB-like genes. Gene transcripts were detected in extracts of the host as early as 2 h post-parasitization (p.p.) and continued to be detected through 24 h. Tissue-specific expression patterns showed that CvBV805 might be involved in early host immunosuppression. CvBV805 was detected in parasitized hosts at 12 h p.p. and in rBac-eGFP-CvBV805-infected Tn-5B1-4 cells at 72 h.p.i. by using western blots analysis. The size of the protein expressed in the host hemocytes and infected Tn-5B1-4 cells was 17 kDa and 56 kDa (including eGFP), respectively, which nearly corresponded with the predicted molecular weight (14.31 kDa) of CvBV805, suggesting that the protein did not undergo extensive post-translational modification. The protein was confirmed to be present within the nuclear region in hemocytes of the parasitized P. xylostella larvae at 48 h p.p. using confocal laser scanning microscopy
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Qi, Tiancong; Song, Susheng; Ren, Qingcuo; Wu, Dewei; Huang, Huang; Chen, Yan; Fan, Meng; Peng, Wen; Ren, Chunmei; Xie, Daoxin
2011-05-01
Jasmonates (JAs) mediate plant responses to insect attack, wounding, pathogen infection, stress, and UV damage and regulate plant fertility, anthocyanin accumulation, trichome formation, and many other plant developmental processes. Arabidopsis thaliana Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, substrates of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-based SCF(COI1) complex, negatively regulate these plant responses. Little is known about the molecular mechanism for JA regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation. In this study, we revealed that JAZ proteins interact with bHLH (Transparent Testa8, Glabra3 [GL3], and Enhancer of Glabra3 [EGL3]) and R2R3 MYB transcription factors (MYB75 and Glabra1), essential components of WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB transcriptional complexes, to repress JA-regulated anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation. Genetic and physiological evidence showed that JA regulates WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex-mediated anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation in a COI1-dependent manner. Overexpression of the MYB transcription factor MYB75 and bHLH factors (GL3 and EGL3) restored anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation in the coi1 mutant, respectively. We speculate that the JA-induced degradation of JAZ proteins abolishes the interactions of JAZ proteins with bHLH and MYB factors, allowing the transcriptional function of WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complexes, which subsequently activate respective downstream signal cascades to modulate anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation.
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Quantitative analysis and prediction of curvature in leucine-rich repeat proteins.
Hindle, K Lauren; Bella, Jordi; Lovell, Simon C
2009-11-01
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins form a large and diverse family. They have a wide range of functions most of which involve the formation of protein-protein interactions. All known LRR structures form curved solenoids, although there is large variation in their curvature. It is this curvature that determines the shape and dimensions of the inner space available for ligand binding. Unfortunately, large-scale parameters such as the overall curvature of a protein domain are extremely difficult to predict. Here, we present a quantitative analysis of determinants of curvature of this family. Individual repeats typically range in length between 20 and 30 residues and have a variety of secondary structures on their convex side. The observed curvature of the LRR domains correlates poorly with the lengths of their individual repeats. We have, therefore, developed a scoring function based on the secondary structure of the convex side of the protein that allows prediction of the overall curvature with a high degree of accuracy. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in selecting a suitable template for comparative modeling. We have developed an automated, quantitative protocol that can be used to predict accurately the curvature of leucine-rich repeat proteins of unknown structure from sequence alone. This protocol is available as an online resource at http://www.bioinf.manchester.ac.uk/curlrr/.
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Çelik Bir Bacanın Dinamik Davranışının Analizi
GÜRSOY, Gökhan; YERLİ, Hüseyin R.; KAÇIN, Selçuk
2015-01-01
Giderek artan endüstriyel tesislerin (termik ve nükleer santraller, demir çelik fabrikaları, değişik imalata yönelik fabrikalar) ihtiyacı olan endüstriyel bacalar için ülkemizde henüz bir standart bulunmamaktadır. Yine bu yapıların modellenmesi için paket programlar kullanılmakta ancak gerçek davranışı hakkında saha çalışmalarına gerek duyulmaktadır
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Structure and biochemical function of a prototypical Arabidopsis U-box domain
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Pernille; Kragelund, Birthe B; Olsen, Addie N
2004-01-01
U-box proteins, as well as other proteins involved in regulated protein degradation, are apparently over-represented in Arabidopsis compared with other model eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis protein AtPUB14 contains a typical U-box domain followed by an Armadillo repeat region, a domain organization t...
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Mudgil, Yashwanti; Shiu, Shin-Han; Stone, Sophia L.; Salt, Jennifer N.; Goring, Daphne R.
2004-01-01
The Arabidopsis genome was searched to identify predicted proteins containing armadillo (ARM) repeats, a motif known to mediate protein-protein interactions in a number of different animal proteins. Using domain database predictions and models generated in this study, 108 Arabidopsis proteins were identified that contained a minimum of two ARM repeats with the majority of proteins containing four to eight ARM repeats. Clustering analysis showed that the 108 predicted Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins could be divided into multiple groups with wide differences in their domain compositions and organizations. Interestingly, 41 of the 108 Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins contained a U-box, a motif present in a family of E3 ligases, and these proteins represented the largest class of Arabidopsis ARM repeat proteins. In 14 of these U-box/ARM repeat proteins, there was also a novel conserved domain identified in the N-terminal region. Based on the phylogenetic tree, representative U-box/ARM repeat proteins were selected for further study. RNA-blot analyses revealed that these U-box/ARM proteins are expressed in a variety of tissues in Arabidopsis. In addition, the selected U-box/ARM proteins were found to be functional E3 ubiquitin ligases. Thus, these U-box/ARM proteins represent a new family of E3 ligases in Arabidopsis. PMID:14657406
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Špiranec, Sonja
2012-04-01
Full Text Available The organization and representation of information and knowledge have always beenexclusively in the domain of professionals and experts. This has begun to change with the development of folksonomies as alternative, user-generated models of organizing information. The aim of this paper is to research the efficiency in tagging and folksonomy. The flexibility oftagging allows users to classify their collections of items in the ways that they find useful, but the personalized variety of terms can present challenges when searching and browsing. In order to determine the efficiency of tagging research evidence about the nature of tagging and tagging behaviour of specific user groups is needed. This paper contributes to research findings in this domain by presenting findings from a study exploring differences in expert and novices tagging. The research was conducted by giving freshman students, with no prior knowledge of tagging or indexing and therefore determined as novices, an article in the social bookmarking service Delicious. Based only on title, subtitle and abstract of the article every student was supposed to assign tags to that article and do the same after reading the whole article. The same procedure was repeated with postgraduate students from the Department of Information Sciences with sufficiently experience and knowledge in tagging and indexing. In this way differences or similarities between tagging by more advanced users and tagging by average/amateur users could be analyzed and compared. The research has surfaced differences in tag numbers and tag distributions. The findings indicate more precision and consistency in tagging of the expert group, indicating that education in tagging could raise the quality of folksonomies on the long term. / Bilginin düzenlenmesi ve sunulması özellikle uzmanların ilgi alanını oluşturmuştur. Bu durum, bilginin düzenlenmesinde bir seçenek sunan ve kullanıcı tarafından üretilen modeller
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Akıllı Telefon Seçiminin Belirleyicileri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama
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Halim TATLI
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon seçimi üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Bingöl Üniversitesinde okuyan öğrencilere uygulanan bir anketten elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu anket, Ekim-Kasım 2014 tarihlerinde 400 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin akıllı telefon seçimi cevap değişkeni, yaşın logaritması, aylık gelirin logaritması ve öğrencilerin akıllı telefona ilişkin bakış açılarının puanın logaritması açıklayıcı değişken olarak alınmıştır. Analizlerde lojistik regresyon kullanılmıştır. Tahmin edilen lojistik regresyon analizi sonucunda; öğrencilerin akıllı telefona ilişkin bakış açılarının puanın logaritması ve aylık gelirin logaritması anlamlı bir şekilde akıllı telefonu seçme olasılığını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaşın logaritması ile öğrencilerin akıllı telefon seçimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, aylık gelir ve öğrencilerin akıllı telefona ilişkin bakış açıları, akıllı telefon seçiminin önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu göstermiştir.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rajeev Raman
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Many bacterial surface exposed proteins mediate the host-pathogen interaction more effectively in the presence of Ca²+. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig proteins, LigA and LigB, are surface exposed proteins containing Bacterial immunoglobulin like (Big domains. The function of proteins which contain Big fold is not known. Based on the possible similarities of immunoglobulin and βγ-crystallin folds, we here explore the important question whether Ca²+ binds to a Big domains, which would provide a novel functional role of the proteins containing Big fold. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We selected six individual Big domains for this study (three from the conserved part of LigA and LigB, denoted as Lig A3, Lig A4, and LigBCon5; two from the variable region of LigA, i.e., 9(th (Lig A9 and 10(th repeats (Lig A10; and one from the variable region of LigB, i.e., LigBCen2. We have also studied the conserved region covering the three and six repeats (LigBCon1-3 and LigCon. All these proteins bind the calcium-mimic dye Stains-all. All the selected four domains bind Ca²+ with dissociation constants of 2-4 µM. Lig A9 and Lig A10 domains fold well with moderate thermal stability, have β-sheet conformation and form homodimers. Fluorescence spectra of Big domains show a specific doublet (at 317 and 330 nm, probably due to Trp interaction with a Phe residue. Equilibrium unfolding of selected Big domains is similar and follows a two-state model, suggesting the similarity in their fold. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the Lig are Ca²+-binding proteins, with Big domains harbouring the binding motif. We conclude that despite differences in sequence, a Big motif binds Ca²+. This work thus sets up a strong possibility for classifying the proteins containing Big domains as a novel family of Ca²+-binding proteins. Since Big domain is a part of many proteins in bacterial kingdom, we suggest a possible function these proteins via Ca²+ binding.
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Single molecule study of the intrinsically disordered FG-repeat nucleoporin 153.
Milles, Sigrid; Lemke, Edward A
2011-10-05
Nucleoporins (Nups), which are intrinsically disordered, form a selectivity filter inside the nuclear pore complex, taking a central role in the vital nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism. These Nups display a complex and nonrandom amino-acid architecture of phenylalanine glycine (FG)-repeat clusters and intra-FG linkers. How such heterogeneous sequence composition relates to function and could give rise to a transport mechanism is still unclear. Here we describe a combined chemical biology and single-molecule fluorescence approach to study the large human Nup153 FG-domain. In order to obtain insights into the properties of this domain beyond the average behavior, we probed the end-to-end distance (R(E)) of several ∼50-residues long FG-repeat clusters in the context of the whole protein domain. Despite the sequence heterogeneity of these FG-clusters, we detected a reoccurring and consistent compaction from a relaxed coil behavior under denaturing conditions (R(E)/R(E,RC) = 0.99 ± 0.15 with R(E,RC) corresponding to ideal relaxed coil behavior) to a collapsed state under native conditions (R(E)/R(E,RC) = 0.79 ± 0.09). We then analyzed the properties of this protein on the supramolecular level, and determined that this human FG-domain was in fact able to form a hydrogel with physiological permeability barrier properties. Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Domain movement within a gene: a novel evolutionary mechanism for protein diversification.
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Yoshikazu Furuta
Full Text Available A protein function is carried out by a specific domain localized at a specific position. In the present study, we report that, within a gene, a specific amino acid sequence can move between a certain position and another position. This was discovered when the sequences of restriction-modification systems within the bacterial species Helicobacter pylori were compared. In the specificity subunit of Type I restriction-modification systems, DNA sequence recognition is mediated by target recognition domain 1 (TRD1 and TRD2. To our surprise, several sequences are shared by TRD1 and TRD2 of genes (alleles at the same locus (chromosomal location; these domains appear to have moved between the two positions. The gene/protein organization can be represented as x-(TRD1-y-x-(TRD2-y, where x and y represent repeat sequences. Movement probably occurs by recombination at these flanking DNA repeats. In accordance with this hypothesis, recombination at these repeats also appears to decrease two TRDs into one TRD or increase these two TRDs to three TRDs (TRD1-TRD2-TRD2 and to allow TRD movement between genes even at different loci. Similar movement of domains between TRD1 and TRD2 was observed for the specificity subunit of a Type IIG restriction enzyme. Similar movement of domain between TRD1 and TRD2 was observed for Type I restriction-modification enzyme specificity genes in two more eubacterial species, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycoplasma agalactiae. Lateral domain movements within a protein, which we have designated DOMO (domain movement, represent novel routes for the diversification of proteins.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bellver Martínez, José
2009-06-01
Full Text Available Jābir b. Aflaḥ al-Ishbīlī, known as Geber filius Afflay Hispalensis in medieval Western Europe, was a mathematician and theoretical astronomer who most probably flourished in Seville during the first quarter of the 12th century. Jābir b. Aflaḥ was a leading figure in medieval astronomy thanks to the Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭī, his magnum opus, which was translated into Latin and Hebrew. With his Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭī, Jābir b. Aflaḥ intended to rewrite the Almagest and introduced some corrections to it. In his important paper «The Andalusian revolt against Ptolemaic astronomy» published in 1984, the renowned scholar A.I. Sabra drew attention to a group of Andalusian philosophers who where contemporaries of Jābir b. Aflaḥ or flourished shortly after him, such as Ibn Bājja (d. 537/1138, Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 581/1185, Ibn Rushd (d. 595/1198, Maimonides (d. 601/1204 and al-Biṭrūjī(fl. 596/1200. Sabra stressed their cosmological criticisms of the astronomical models described in the Almagest arising from the lack of consistency of Ptolemy’s models with Aristotle’s physics. The purpose of this paper is to describe Jābir b. Aflaḥ’s criticisms of Ptolemy in order to consider whether he should be placed among the members of the Andalusian revolt against Ptolemaic astronomy. The final conclusion is that Jābir b. Aflaḥ’s criticisms are not themselves cosmological — although they may have cosmological implications — but of a completely technical mathematical nature. He should not, therefore, be placed among the members of the Andalusian revolt against Ptolemaic astronomy.
Ŷābir b. Aflaḥ al-Išbīlī, conocido como Geber filius Afflay Hispalensis en la Europa medieval, fue un matemático y astrónomo teórico que probablemente floreció en Sevilla durante el primer cuarto del s. XII. Ŷābir b. Aflaḥ es un astrónomo medieval importante gracias a su obra -
Growth Hacking, Dünyayı İşgal Eden Büyüklere Karşı Bir Kurtuluş Savaşı Olabilir mi?
FETTAHLIOĞLU, H. Seçil; AKDEMİR, Mehmet Alper
2016-01-01
Bilgi ekonomisinin etkisinin hissedildiği günümüz ortamında, internetin pazarlama üzerindeki rolü hızla artmaktadır. Dijital pazarlama, içerik pazarlaması, online pazarlama gibi bir çok başlık altında toplanabilecek olan; bilgi teknolojileri vasıtasıyla pazarlama faaliyetlerini ifade eden kavramlar “Growth Hacking (Büyüme Korsanlığı)” ile birlikte anılmaktadır. Büyüme korsanlığı, genellikle online girişimlerin, hızlı bir şekilde dijital pazarlama ve yazılım araçları vasıtasıyla büyütülmesi iç...
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Atipik Özellikler Gösteren Akut Enflamatuvar Polinöropatili Bir Olgu
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Sule Aydin Turkoglu
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Bilateral fasiyal paralizi, ilerleyici kas güçsüzlüğü ve elektrofizyolojik değerlendirmede akut motor aksonal polinöropati bulguları gösteren bir olgu sunulmaktadır. Öncesinde karın ağrısı, ishal ve grip benzeri şikayetlere sonrasında otonom anormallikler, görsel halüsinasyon epizotları, konuşma bozukluğu eklendi. Campylobacter jejuni enfeksiyonu, Lyme hastalığı ve porfiri ayırıcı tanısı yapıldı. Western-blot testi Lyme hastalığı birlikteliğini doğruladı. Ek olarak porfirine spesifik testler pozitif bulundu.
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Dharia, Sameera; Rabbitt, Richard D.
2011-01-01
Here we introduce a new technique that probes voltage-dependent charge displacements of excitable membrane-bound proteins using extracellularly applied radio frequency (RF, 500 kHz) electric fields. Xenopus oocytes were used as a model cell for these experiments, and were injected with cRNA encoding Shaker B-IR (ShB-IR) K(+) ion channels to express large densities of this protein in the oocyte membranes. Two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) was applied to command whole-cell membrane potential a...
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Solution properties of the archaeal CRISPR DNA repeat-binding homeodomain protein Cbp2
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kenchappa, Chandra; Heiðarsson, Pétur Orri; Kragelund, Birthe
2013-01-01
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) form the basis of diverse adaptive immune systems directed primarily against invading genetic elements of archaea and bacteria. Cbp1 of the crenarchaeal thermoacidophilic order Sulfolobales, carrying three imperfect repeats, binds...... specifically to CRISPR DNA repeats and has been implicated in facilitating production of long transcripts from CRISPR loci. Here, a second related class of CRISPR DNA repeat-binding protein, denoted Cbp2, is characterized that contains two imperfect repeats and is found amongst members of the crenarchaeal...... in facilitating high affinity DNA binding of Cbp2 by tethering the two domains. Structural studies on mutant proteins provide support for Cys(7) and Cys(28) enhancing high thermal stability of Cbp2(Hb) through disulphide bridge formation. Consistent with their proposed CRISPR transcriptional regulatory role, Cbp2...
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Conformational analysis of isolated domains of Helicobacter pylori CagA.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Amanda P Woon
Full Text Available The CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori is associated with increased virulence and gastric cancer risk. CagA is translocated into the host cell by a H. pylori type IV secretion system via mechanisms that are poorly understood. Translocated CagA interacts with numerous host factors, altering a variety of host signalling pathways. The recently determined crystal structure of C-terminally-truncated CagA indicated the presence of two domains: the smaller, flexible N-terminal domain and the larger, middle domain. In this study, we have investigated the conformation, oligomeric state and stability of the N-terminal, middle and glutamate-proline-isoleucine-tyrosine-alanine (EPIYA-repeats domains. All three domains are monomeric, suggesting that the multimerisation of CagA observed in infected cells is likely to be mediated not by CagA itself but by its interacting partners. The middle and the C-terminal domains, but not the N-terminal domain, are capable of refolding spontaneously upon heat denaturation, lending support to the hypothesis that unfolded CagA is threaded C-terminus first through the type IV secretion channel with its N-terminal domain, which likely requires interactions with other domains to refold, being threaded last. Our findings also revealed that the C-terminal EPIYA-repeats domain of CagA exists in an intrinsically disordered premolten globule state with regions in PPII conformation--a feature that is shared by many scaffold proteins that bind multiple protein components of signalling pathways. Taken together, these results provide a deeper understanding of the physicochemical properties of CagA that underpin its complex cellular and oncogenic functions.
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Shukla, Avi; Chatterjee, Anirvan
2018-01-01
Abstract Curiously, in viruses, the virion volume appears to be predominantly driven by genome length rather than the number of proteins it encodes or geometric constraints. With their large genome and giant particle size, amoebal viruses (AVs) are ideally suited to study the relationship between genome and virion size and explore the role of genome plasticity in their evolutionary success. Different genomic regions of AVs exhibit distinct genealogies. Although the vertically transferred core genes and their functions are universally conserved across the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) families and are essential for their replication, the horizontally acquired genes are variable across families and are lineage-specific. When compared with other giant virus families, we observed a near–linear increase in the number of genes encoding repeat domain-containing proteins (RDCPs) with the increase in the genome size of AVs. From what is known about the functions of RDCPs in bacteria and eukaryotes and their prevalence in the AV genomes, we envisage important roles for RDCPs in the life cycle of AVs, their genome expansion, and plasticity. This observation also supports the evolution of AVs from a smaller viral ancestor by the acquisition of diverse gene families from the environment including RDCPs that might have helped in host adaption. PMID:29308275
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Repeat-Associated Plasticity in the Helicobacter pylori RD Gene Family▿ †
Shak, Joshua R.; Dick, Jonathan J.; Meinersmann, Richard J.; Perez-Perez, Guillermo I.; Blaser, Martin J.
2009-01-01
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is remarkable for its ability to persist in the human stomach for decades without provoking sterilizing immunity. Since repetitive DNA can facilitate adaptive genomic flexibility via increased recombination, insertion, and deletion, we searched the genomes of two H. pylori strains for nucleotide repeats. We discovered a family of genes with extensive repetitive DNA that we have termed the H. pylori RD gene family. Each gene of this family is composed of a conserved 3′ region, a variable mid-region encoding 7 and 11 amino acid repeats, and a 5′ region containing one of two possible alleles. Analysis of five complete genome sequences and PCR genotyping of 42 H. pylori strains revealed extensive variation between strains in the number, location, and arrangement of RD genes. Furthermore, examination of multiple strains isolated from a single subject's stomach revealed intrahost variation in repeat number and composition. Despite prior evidence that the protein products of this gene family are expressed at the bacterial cell surface, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies revealed no consistent seroreactivity to a recombinant RD protein by H. pylori-positive hosts. The pattern of repeats uncovered in the RD gene family appears to reflect slipped-strand mispairing or domain duplication, allowing for redundancy and subsequent diversity in genotype and phenotype. This novel family of hypervariable genes with conserved, repetitive, and allelic domains may represent an important locus for understanding H. pylori persistence in its natural host. PMID:19749042
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Bir Sinema Filminde Sınıfların Temsili Ve Politik Duruş: Kış Uykusu
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Defne Özonur
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Bir yansıtma aracı olarak sinema filmleri, ele aldığı toplumsal çatışmalı konuları ele alışına bağlı olarak, gizli veya açık, bilinçli veya bilinçsiz belli bir dünya görüşünün taşıyıcısıdır. Bir sanat eserini felsefenin ışığında eleştirmek, belli dünya görüşleri üzerinden sanatçının kafasından geçen süreci aydınlatmaktır. Yönetmen Nuri Bilge Ceylan’ın Kış Uykusu (2014 filmi, pek çok film eleştirmeni tarafından yönetmenin toplumdaki sınıfsal yapıları ve iktidarı eleştirdiği en politik filmi olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel iddiaları; filmde Marksist anlamda sınıf, sınıf bilinci ve sınıf çatışmasının gösterilmeyip Weberci anlamda sınıf ve statü grupları olarak sosyal katmanların temsil edildiği; filmin idealist dünya görüşünü yansıttığı ve politik olarak da statükocu olduğu ve egemen düzeni yeniden ürettiğidir. Filmde sınıflar “kendi için sınıf” olmaktan ziyade “kendinde sınıf” olarak ve salt zengin/yoksul; mülk sahibi mülksüz gibi ekonomik yapılar üzerinden temsil edilirken, sosyal alanda daha çok statü gruplarının yaşam tarzı yansıtılmaktadır.
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Hepatit A Enfeksiyonu Sonrası Gelişen Bir Guillian-Barre Sendromu Olgusu+
Özışık, Handan Işın; Kızkın, Sibel; Çalışkan, Özden; Özcan, Cemal
2002-01-01
Guillian-Barre Sendromu ile enfeksiyon hastalıkları arasındaki ilişki iyi bilinmektedir. Hepatit A enfeksiyonu sırasında GBS gelişimi ender görülen bir tablodur. Hepatit A enfeksiyonuna bağlı olarak gelişen GBS'lu olgular gözden geçirildiğinde bazı ortak klinik özellikleri saptanmıştır. Bunlar: 1- Erkeklerde daha sık olması 2- Hepatit A enfeksiyonundan ortalama 14 gün sonra gelişmesi 3- Fasiyal sinir ve bulbar tutulumun sık olması 4- Yüzeyel duyu bozukluklarına ek olarak p...
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Molecular Mechanics of the α-Actinin Rod Domain: Bending, Torsional, and Extensional Behavior
Golji, Javad; Collins, Robert; Mofrad, Mohammad R. K.
2009-01-01
α-Actinin is an actin crosslinking molecule that can serve as a scaffold and maintain dynamic actin filament networks. As a crosslinker in the stressed cytoskeleton, α-actinin can retain conformation, function, and strength. α-Actinin has an actin binding domain and a calmodulin homology domain separated by a long rod domain. Using molecular dynamics and normal mode analysis, we suggest that the α-actinin rod domain has flexible terminal regions which can twist and extend under mechanical stress, yet has a highly rigid interior region stabilized by aromatic packing within each spectrin repeat, by electrostatic interactions between the spectrin repeats, and by strong salt bridges between its two anti-parallel monomers. By exploring the natural vibrations of the α-actinin rod domain and by conducting bending molecular dynamics simulations we also predict that bending of the rod domain is possible with minimal force. We introduce computational methods for analyzing the torsional strain of molecules using rotating constraints. Molecular dynamics extension of the α-actinin rod is also performed, demonstrating transduction of the unfolding forces across salt bridges to the associated monomer of the α-actinin rod domain. PMID:19436721
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Nart, Sima
2005-01-01
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de Franchising sisteminin gelişimi ve bugünkü konumu incelendikten sonra Ulusal Franchising Derneği (UFRAD) üyesi Franchise-veren firmalardan Franchise-alan girişimcilerin iş memnuniyetlerini belirleyen etkenler üzerine bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bulgular, franchise-alan işletmelerin memnuniyetlerinde sistem motivasyonu, işbirliği, güç dengesi, beklentiler ve franchise veren firmanın imajının belirleyici rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları franchisev...
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Sökmen, Alptekin
2005-01-01
Stres, son yıllarda sıkça duyulan ve kullanılan bir kelime olmakla birlikte, stres kavramı literatürde uzun yıllardır hem nedenleri, hem de sonuçları açısından çeşitli araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Sektörün kendine özgü yapısı nedeniyle, günlük iş hayatları kapsamında çeşitli kritik kararlar verme durumunda kalan otel yöneticileri açısından da stres, önemli bir problem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Adana ilinde faaliyet gösteren dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde görev yapan o...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Halide Aydoğdu
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Trakya Bölgesi'ne özgü geleneksel bir içecek olan hardaliyenin laboratuvar koşullarında üretimi yapılarak mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiş, hardaliye üretim yöntemi değerlendirilmiştir. Laboratuvar ölçekli üretimde Alphonse Lavallée ve Papazkarası üzüm çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Denemelerde, farklı konsantrasyonlarda hardal tohumu kullanılmış, buna bağlı olarak mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal analizlerde beklenen şekilde farklı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Elde edilen hardaliyelerde koliform bakteri, E. coli, maya ve küf sayıları yok ya da fermantasyon boyunca kayda değer ölçüde azalırken, toplam aerobik mezofil koloni sayısı ve laktik asit bakterileri sayılarında genel olarak azalma/ artma/ azalma şeklinde bir seyir izlenmiştir. Bu seyir, asitlik artışı ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05. Aerobik mezofilik koloni sayısı ile laktik asit bakteri sayısının çok yakın olması, bu bakteriyel floranın önemli ölçüde laktik asit bakterilerinden geldiğini göstermektedir. Maya sayısının düşük olması nedeni ile hardaliyelerde alkol oluşması gerçekleşmemiş ve şeker içeriğinde bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Tersine olarak laktik asit bakteri sayısındaki artışa bağlı olarak asitlikte beklendiği şekilde artış olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, geleneksel bir üzüm değerlendirme şekli olan hardaliyenin, koliform grup bakteri sayısının düşüklüğü ve laktik asit fermantasyonuna bağlı olan yüksek asitliği nedeni ile mikrobiyolojik açıdan güvenli bir gıda olduğu söylenebilir. Endüstriyel ölçekli üretime geçiş için bu konuda daha fazla araştırmaya gerek vardır.
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CEYLAN, Mehmet; AKAR, Birkan
2011-01-01
Durum saptamaya yönelik betimsel bir çalışma olan bu araştırmada, okul- aile işbirliği ile ilgili öğretmen ve veli görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubuna araştırmanın yapıldığı okulda görevli 25 öğretmen ile okulda öğrencisi bulunan 287 veli alınmıştır. Öğrenciler aracılığıyla velilere gönderilen anket formlarından 200 tanesinin geri dönüşümü sağlanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre hem öğretmenlerin hem de velilerin mevcut okul- aile işbirliğinin geli...
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Hadoop ve Mapreduce Teknolojisi aracılığıyla Gıda-tabanlı Mobil Uygulamaları için bir Arama Hizmeti
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mehmet Akif ÇİFÇİ
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Özet. Son zamanlarda güvenli gıda tüketimi ve e-sağlık üzerine birçok mobil uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Sağlık bilinciyle hareket eden kullanıcılar, özellikle zararlı gıda ve katkı maddelerinden kaçınarak, güvenli gıda tüketimi için bu alana yönelik uygulamaları son derece önemsemektedir. Günümüzde bu tür uygulamaları destekleyen yapılandırılmış veya yapılandırılmamış verileri içeren kapsamlı bir veritabanı eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede mobil uygulamalar için sağlıklı bir gıda tüketimi arama hizmeti sunan Hadoop ve Mapreduce (MR yaklaşımından yararlanan Mobile Apps Search Sevice (MSS önerilmektedir. MSS, gıda ve gıda katkı maddeleri alanına yönelik hizmet vermekte ve mobil kullanıcıların sorgularını ele alarak bilgi sunma hizmetini kapsamaktadır. MSS herhangi bir mobil uygulamanın arkasındaki işlem olarak çalışabilir. Çünkü MSS, bir arama motoru ile aynı mantıkla çalışır; mobil uygulamalarda tıklamalarla oluşan kullanıcı sorgularına yanıt aramak ve kullanıcıya bilgi sunmak için bağlantılı bilgileri kataloglar ve web kaynakları üzerinde tarama yapar. MSS’in tasarımı ve geliştirilmesi, sistem mimarisi, sorgu anlayışı, Hadoop-MR ortamında ve Action Script kullanımı ile vurgulanmaktadır. Makalenin içinde, bir örnek olay incelemesi ile MSS'in genel özellikleri, işleyişi ve mevcut faydaları ortaya konulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Mobil Sağlık Sistemleri, Gıda-Tabanlı Mobil Uygulamalar, Hadoop ve MR, Mobil Sistemler İçin Büyük Veri, Mobil Bilgi Servisi Abstract. Many mobile applications on safe food consumption and e-health have been developed recently. Health conscious users highly regard such applications for safe food consumption, especially avoiding offending foods and additives. However, there is the lack of a comprehensive database containing structured or unstructured data to support such applications. In this paper we
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cengiz SUNAY
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi, bir asra yaklaşan geçmişiyle oldukça keskin dönüşümlerin gözlendiği bir süreci ifade ediyor. Bu dönüşümlerin içeride ve dışarıdaki hangi değişimler ekseninde meydana geldiği konusunda, nesnel araştırmaların yapıldığı bilinmekle birlikte; son tahlilde, cumhuriyet tarihinde olan bitenleri ileri-geri; devrimci-karşı devrimci şeklindeki öznel değerlendirmelerin belirlediği de söylenebilir. Geçmişte, nelerin olup bittiğine dair çoğu anlatımın, örtülü de olsa bu zaafla malul olduğu söylenebilir; bu çerçevede, tarihin bilimden ziyade, ideoloji olduğuna ilişkin tezler üzerinde düşünmek gerekiyor. Tarihin bilim olduğu kabul edilse bile, güçlünün kaleminden okunduğu, bu nedenle bilimlerin en Darwinist’i olduğu tezi, ihmal edilebilir gibi gözükmüyor. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin ana hatları üzerinden kuşbakışı bir gözlem deneniyor; ek okumalar öneriliyor. Son doksan beş yılda nelerin olup, nelerin bittiğine ilişkin kimi zaman alternatif bir perspektiften bakılmaya çalışılıyor. / History of the Turkish Republic expresses a period with considerably sharp transformations with its past which almost reaches one century. It is known that objective studies have been made on the axises on which these transformations took place at home and abroad; nevertheless, in the last analysis, it can be claimed that the occurrences in republican history are determined by subjective evaluations such as forward-backward, revolutionary-counter revolutionary etc. It can be said that most narrations as to what happened in the past suffer from this weakness albeit implicitly; within this framework, the thesis that history is more an ideology than a science should be contemplated. Even if it is accepted that history is science, it is hardly negligible that it is read from the pen of the mighty, for which reason it is the most Darwinist of all sciences
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History, rare, and multiple events of mechanical unfolding of repeat proteins
Sumbul, Fidan; Marchesi, Arin; Rico, Felix
2018-03-01
Mechanical unfolding of proteins consisting of repeat domains is an excellent tool to obtain large statistics. Force spectroscopy experiments using atomic force microscopy on proteins presenting multiple domains have revealed that unfolding forces depend on the number of folded domains (history) and have reported intermediate states and rare events. However, the common use of unspecific attachment approaches to pull the protein of interest holds important limitations to study unfolding history and may lead to discarding rare and multiple probing events due to the presence of unspecific adhesion and uncertainty on the pulling site. Site-specific methods that have recently emerged minimize this uncertainty and would be excellent tools to probe unfolding history and rare events. However, detailed characterization of these approaches is required to identify their advantages and limitations. Here, we characterize a site-specific binding approach based on the ultrastable complex dockerin/cohesin III revealing its advantages and limitations to assess the unfolding history and to investigate rare and multiple events during the unfolding of repeated domains. We show that this approach is more robust, reproducible, and provides larger statistics than conventional unspecific methods. We show that the method is optimal to reveal the history of unfolding from the very first domain and to detect rare events, while being more limited to assess intermediate states. Finally, we quantify the forces required to unfold two molecules pulled in parallel, difficult when using unspecific approaches. The proposed method represents a step forward toward more reproducible measurements to probe protein unfolding history and opens the door to systematic probing of rare and multiple molecule unfolding mechanisms.
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Dinamik üretim sistemleri için kanban sayısının belirlenmesi: Bütünleşik bir yöntem
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Özlem Uzun Araz
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Tam zamanında üretim sistemleri (TZÜ, işletmelerin doğru zamanda, müşterinin istediği miktarda üretim yapmalarına olanak sağlayan, böylelikle stoklarını azaltmaya teşvik eden bir yönetim felsefesidir. TZÜ felsefesinin en önemli parçası, malzeme hareketlerini gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan kanban sistemleridir. Kanban sistemlerinde, iş istasyonlarında kullanılacak kanban sayılarının belirlenmesi en temel problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kullanılacak kanban sayıları üretim sisteminin performansı üzerinde etkilidir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Kanban sistemlerinde, kart sayılarının dinamik belirlenebilmesi için kullanılabilecek bir yöntem geliştirmektir. Önerilen yöntemin temelinde, üretim sisteminin anlık veri alınarak izlenmesi ve sistem durum değişkenlerinde meydana gelen farklılıkların dikkate alınarak Kanban sayılarının yeniden düzenlemesi yatmaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada benzetim, yapay sinir ağları ve Mamdani tipi bulanık çıkarsama sistemleri entegre edilerek bütünleşik bir dinamik kanban sayıları belirleme yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, benzetim ortamımda modellenen hipotetik bir üretim sistemine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önerilen yöntemin verimliliğini ve etkinliğini göstermiştir.
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Preservice science teachers' experiences with repeated, guided inquiry
Slack, Amy B.
The purpose of this study was to examine preservice science teachers' experiences with repeated scientific inquiry (SI) activities. The National Science Education Standards (National Research Council, 1996) stress students should understand and possess the abilities to do SI. For students to meet these standards, science teachers must understand and be able to perform SI; however, previous research demonstrated that many teachers have naive understandings in this area. Teacher preparation programs provide an opportunity to facilitate the development of inquiry understandings and abilities. In this study, preservice science teachers had experiences with two inquiry activities that were repeated three times each. The research questions for this study were (a) How do preservice science teachers' describe their experiences with repeated, guided inquiry activities? (b) What are preservice science teachers' understandings and abilities of SI? This study was conducted at a large, urban university in the southeastern United States. The 5 participants had bachelor's degrees in science and were enrolled in a graduate science education methods course. The researcher was one of the course instructors but did not lead the activities. Case study methodology was used. Data was collected from a demographic survey, an open-ended questionnaire with follow-up interviews, the researcher's observations, participants' lab notes, personal interviews, and participants' journals. Data were coded and analyzed through chronological data matrices to identify patterns in participants' experiences. The five domains identified in this study were understandings of SI, abilities to conduct SI, personal feelings about the experience, science content knowledge, and classroom implications. Through analysis of themes identified within each domain, the four conclusions made about these preservice teachers' experiences with SI were that the experience increased their abilities to conduct inquiry
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The phosphoCTD-interacting domain of Topoisomerase I
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wu, Jianhong; Phatnani, Hemali P.; Hsieh, Tao-Shih; Greenleaf, Arno L.
2010-01-01
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) Topoisomerase I has been shown to bind to RNA polymerase II, but the domain of RNAPII with which it interacts is not known. Using bacterially-expressed fusion proteins carrying all or half of the NTDs of Dm and human (Homo sapiens, Hs) Topo I, we demonstrate that the N-terminal half of each NTD binds directly to the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal repeat domain (phosphoCTD) of the largest RNAPII subunit, Rpb1. Thus, the amino terminal segment of metazoan Topo I (1-157 for Dm and 1-114 for Hs) contains a novel phosphoCTD-interacting domain that we designate the Topo I-Rpb1 interacting (TRI) domain. The long-known in vivo association of Topo I with active genes presumably can be attributed, wholly or in part, to the TRI domain-mediated binding of Topo I to the phosphoCTD of transcribing RNAPII.
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The phosphoCTD-interacting domain of Topoisomerase I
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wu, Jianhong; Phatnani, Hemali P.; Hsieh, Tao-Shih [Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 (United States); Greenleaf, Arno L., E-mail: arno.greenleaf@duke.edu [Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 (United States)
2010-06-18
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) Topoisomerase I has been shown to bind to RNA polymerase II, but the domain of RNAPII with which it interacts is not known. Using bacterially-expressed fusion proteins carrying all or half of the NTDs of Dm and human (Homo sapiens, Hs) Topo I, we demonstrate that the N-terminal half of each NTD binds directly to the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal repeat domain (phosphoCTD) of the largest RNAPII subunit, Rpb1. Thus, the amino terminal segment of metazoan Topo I (1-157 for Dm and 1-114 for Hs) contains a novel phosphoCTD-interacting domain that we designate the Topo I-Rpb1 interacting (TRI) domain. The long-known in vivo association of Topo I with active genes presumably can be attributed, wholly or in part, to the TRI domain-mediated binding of Topo I to the phosphoCTD of transcribing RNAPII.
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Ögenler, Oya; Yapıcı, Gülçin
2011-01-01
Özet Amaç. Tıp, batıl ve dini inançlar belli bir toplumda sözlü veya yazılı bir şekilde nesilden nesile aktarılır. Tıp, batıl inançlar ve din birbirinden bazen kesin çizgilerle ayrılırken bazen aralarındaki sınır belirsizleşebilmektedir. Bu üçlüden herhangi birine ait davranışa neden olan bilgi zamanla değişime uğrar başlangıç noktası unutulur ama varlığını sürdürür. Doğru oldukları için değil, işe yaradıkları için doğru kabul edilen birçok inanış insanları belirsizlikten kurtarır, iç rahatla...
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ERDOĞAN, Esra; ADANACIOĞLU, Hakan; ORMECI KART, Murside
2016-01-01
Türkiye’nin birçok bölgesinde ekonomik anlamda yetiştiriciliği yapılan elmanın eski bir kültür bitkisi olması nedeniyle elma üretiminde pazarlama etkinliğinin belirlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada hem dolaylı hem de doğrudan pazarlama kanallarında elma üreticilerinin pazarlama etkinlikleri karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında çalışmada, üreticilerin pazarlama etkinliğini geliştirmek için kullanılan pazarlama stratejilerine yönelik bazı öneriler getirilmiştir. Bu çalış...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Serkan TAFLIOĞLU
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Since the early 1970s, Iran has been regarded as an vital key player in the Middle East, Iran had conducted to accumulate significant strategic value during the Cold War. Iran under Pahlavi Dynasty, due to the struggle among rival foreign forces, was transformed into a significant regional power in the twentieth century by his pro-westernpolicy in particular USA. In the 1950s superpower rivalry, restrictingthe ability of the great powers to use military force in the region, clearedfield for Nasser’s attempt to use Pan-Arab ideology to gather the Arabstates, though against Western intrusion. During this period, Shah hasendeavor to consolidate strenght of monarchy by exerting the powerstruggle in the Middle East between the West and East Blocks in hisfavor. The vital necessity for the West to Iran, in particular Americanadministration, caused to prepare ground a more authoritariangovernment in Iran. In this article, I do try to evaluate Iran’s foreignpolicy in a certain time period the Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Ourgravity point will be politics of Iran between Great Powers in that period.In this context, Whilst analyzing this policy, I do try to merge; core offoreign policy and political history. Essay is assorted due to thechronology. Research period is accedence of Shah Mohammed RezaPahlavi to the throne till to the flee from Iran. 1970’li yılların başından itibaren İran, Soğuk Savaş döneminde stratejik bir değer kazanarak, Ortadoğu’da hayati bir oyuncu kabul edilmiştir. Yirminci yüzyılda Pehlevi hanedanı yönetimindeki İran, dış güçlerin arasındaki mücadele sayesinde Batı ve özellikle Amerikan yanlısı siyasetiyle, etkili bir bölgesel güce dönüşmüştür. 1950’li yılların başlarında Büyük Güçler arasındaki mücadele Ortadoğu’ya müdahale kabiliyetini sınırlandırmaktaydı, bu durum Nasır’ın Pan- Arap siyasetini kullanarak, Batı müdahalesine karşı, Arap devletlerini bir araya
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Gravekamp, C.; Rosner, Bernard; Madoff, L. C.
1998-01-01
The alpha C protein is a protective surface-associated antigen of group B streptococci (GBS). The prototype alpha C protein of GBS (strain A909) contains nine identical tandem repeats, each comprising 82 amino acids, flanked by N- and C-terminal domains. Clinical isolates of GBS show variable numbers of repeats with a normal distribution and a median of 9 to 10 repeats. Here, we show that escape mutants of GBS expressing one-repeat alpha C protein were 100-fold more pathogenic than GBS expres...
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Feng, Youjun; Chin, Chui-Yoke; Chakravartty, Vandana; Gao, Rongsui; Crispell, Emily K.
2015-01-01
ABSTRACT The physiological function of biotin requires biotin protein ligase activity in order to attach the coenzyme to its cognate proteins, which are enzymes involved in central metabolism. The model intracellular pathogen Francisella novicida is unusual in that it encodes two putative biotin protein ligases rather than the usual single enzyme. F. novicida BirA has a ligase domain as well as an N-terminal DNA-binding regulatory domain, similar to the prototypical BirA protein in E. coli. However, the second ligase, which we name BplA, lacks the N-terminal DNA binding motif. It has been unclear why a bacterium would encode these two disparate biotin protein ligases, since F. novicida contains only a single biotinylated protein. In vivo complementation and enzyme assays demonstrated that BirA and BplA are both functional biotin protein ligases, but BplA is a much more efficient enzyme. BirA, but not BplA, regulated transcription of the biotin synthetic operon. Expression of bplA (but not birA) increased significantly during F. novicida infection of macrophages. BplA (but not BirA) was required for bacterial replication within macrophages as well as in mice. These data demonstrate that F. novicida has evolved two distinct enzymes with specific roles; BplA possesses the major ligase activity, whereas BirA acts to regulate and thereby likely prevent wasteful synthesis of biotin. During infection BplA seems primarily employed to maximize the efficiency of biotin utilization without limiting the expression of biotin biosynthetic genes, representing a novel adaptation strategy that may also be used by other intracellular pathogens. PMID:26060274
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Domain structures and magnetization reversal in Co/Pd and CoFeB/Pd multilayers
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sbiaa, R., E-mail: rachid@squ.edu.om [Department of Physics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123 (Oman); Ranjbar, M. [Physics Department, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Åkerman, J. [Physics Department, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Materials Physics, School of ICT, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 164 40 Kista (Sweden)
2015-05-07
Domain structures and magnetization reversal of (Co/Pd) and (CoFeB/Pd) multilayers with 7 and 14 repeats were investigated. The Co-based multilayers show much larger coercivities, a better squareness, and a sharper magnetization switching than CoFeB-based multilayers. From magnetic force microscopy observations, both structures show strong reduction in domains size as the number of repeats increases but the magnetic domains for Co-based multilayers are more than one order of magnitude larger than for CoFeB-based multilayers. By imaging domains at different times, breaks in the (CoFeB/Pd) multilayer stripes were observed within only few hours, while no change could be seen for (Co/Pd) multilayers. Although CoFeB single layers are suitable for magnetoresistive devices due to their large spin polarization and low damping constants, their lamination with Pd suffers mainly from thermal instability.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Haluk GÖKALP
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Perodicals include kinds of poems. In addition they comprise artistic and cultural accumulation when they were written. Pastiche collections give knowledge abaut pastiche tradition and interactions between poets. Poem notebooks which can collect diffrent subjects contribute to history of literatüre. So, pastiche collections or other collections are one of the main source of classical poetry. Contributions of periodicals to classical school of poetry investigating, may be collected with three groups. Firsh of all, periodicals reflect the plcasure of poem when they were written and poems which were approued can be determined. Second one, they contribute to recognition of poets who weren’t mentioned in history of literature. Third one, investigetors can benefit from periodicals for poems which weren’t mentioned in poet’s divan which include their poems. By this way, investigators can collect all poems of poet. İn this study, we evalvated the contributions of periodicals to classical poetry investigators. And than we are going to publish Seyyid Vehbi’s kaside in “Sıhhatname ve Sur-ı Hıtana Müteallik Kasaid” which was found from Topkapı Palace Library. With this study, Seyyid Vehbi’s poem which weren’t mentioned in other 31 copy is going to be presented to investigator’s advantage. Şiir mecmuaları çeşitli şiirleri derlemekle birlikte yazıldığı devrin sanat ve kültür birikimini de bir araya getirirler. Nazire mecmuaları nazire geleneğini ve şairler arası etkileşimi örnekleriyle gözler önüne sererken, farklı konular etrafında toplanan ya da -tamamen okuyucunun zevkine göre gelişigüzel toplanan- şiir defterleri edebiyat tarihini bir bütünlük içinde görmemize olumlu katkılar sağlar. Bu nedenle nazire mecmuaları ya da diğer şiir mecmuaları, divan şiiri araştırmalarının başlıca kaynaklarındandır. Genel olarak baktığımızda mecmuaların divan edebiyatı araştırmalarına katk
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Functional and topological characteristics of mammalian regulatory domains
Symmons, Orsolya; Uslu, Veli Vural; Tsujimura, Taro; Ruf, Sandra; Nassari, Sonya; Schwarzer, Wibke; Ettwiller, Laurence; Spitz, François
2014-01-01
Long-range regulatory interactions play an important role in shaping gene-expression programs. However, the genomic features that organize these activities are still poorly characterized. We conducted a large operational analysis to chart the distribution of gene regulatory activities along the mouse genome, using hundreds of insertions of a regulatory sensor. We found that enhancers distribute their activities along broad regions and not in a gene-centric manner, defining large regulatory domains. Remarkably, these domains correlate strongly with the recently described TADs, which partition the genome into distinct self-interacting blocks. Different features, including specific repeats and CTCF-binding sites, correlate with the transition zones separating regulatory domains, and may help to further organize promiscuously distributed regulatory influences within large domains. These findings support a model of genomic organization where TADs confine regulatory activities to specific but large regulatory domains, contributing to the establishment of specific gene expression profiles. PMID:24398455
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Crystal structure of the second fibronectin type III (FN3) domain from human collagen α1 type XX.
Zhao, Jingfeng; Ren, Jixia; Wang, Nan; Cheng, Zhong; Yang, Runmei; Lin, Gen; Guo, Yi; Cai, Dayong; Xie, Yong; Zhao, Xiaohong
2017-12-01
Collagen α1 type XX, which contains fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats involving six FN3 domains (referred to as the FN#1-FN#6 domains), is an unusual member of the fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT) subfamily of collagens. The results of standard protein BLAST suggest that the FN3 repeats might contribute to collagen α1 type XX acting as a cytokine receptor. To date, solution NMR structures of the FN#3, FN#4 and FN#6 domains have been determined. To obtain further structural evidence to understand the relationship between the structure and function of the FN3 repeats from collagen α1 type XX, the crystal structure of the FN#2 domain from human collagen α1 type XX (residues Pro386-Pro466; referred to as FN2-HCXX) was solved at 2.5 Å resolution. The crystal structure of FN2-HCXX shows an immunoglobulin-like fold containing a β-sandwich structure, which is formed by a three-stranded β-sheet (β1, β2 and β5) packed onto a four-stranded β-sheet (β3, β4, β6 and β7). Two consensus domains, tencon and fibcon, are structural analogues of FN2-HCXX. Fn8, an FN3 domain from human oncofoetal fibronectin, is the closest structural analogue of FN2-HCXX derived from a naturally occurring sequence. Based solely on the structural similarity of FN2-HCXX to other FN3 domains, the detailed functions of FN2-HCXX and the FN3 repeats in collagen α1 type XX cannot be identified.
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Crystal structure of a PFU-PUL domain pair of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Doa1/Ufd3.
Nishimasu, Rieko; Komori, Hirofumi; Higuchi, Yoshiki; Nishimasu, Hiroshi; Hiroaki, Hidekazu
2010-10-21
Doa1/Ufd3 is involved in ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent cellular processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and consists of WD40, PFU, and PUL domains. Previous studies showed that the PFU and PUL domains interact with Ub and Hse1, and Cdc48, respectively. However, their detailed functional interactions with Doa1 remained elusive. We report the crystal structure of the PFU-PUL domain pair of yeast Doa1 at 1.9 Å resolution. The conserved surface of the PFU domain may be involved in binding to Ub and Hse1. Unexpectedly, the PUL domain consists of an Armadillo (ARM)-like repeat structure. The positively charged concave surface of the PUL domain may bind to the negatively charged C-terminal region of Cdc48. A structural comparison of Doa1 with Ufd2 revealed that they share a similar ARM-like repeat, supporting a model in which Doa1 and Ufd2 compete for Cdc48 binding and may dictate the fate of ubiquitinated proteins in the proteasome pathway.
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A TALE-inspired computational screen for proteins that contain approximate tandem repeats.
Perycz, Malgorzata; Krwawicz, Joanna; Bochtler, Matthias
2017-01-01
TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors (TALEs) are bacterial proteins that are secreted from bacteria to plant cells to act as transcriptional activators. TALEs and related proteins (RipTALs, BurrH, MOrTL1 and MOrTL2) contain approximate tandem repeats that differ in conserved positions that define specificity. Using PERL, we screened ~47 million protein sequences for TALE-like architecture characterized by approximate tandem repeats (between 30 and 43 amino acids in length) and sequence variability in conserved positions, without requiring sequence similarity to TALEs. Candidate proteins were scored according to their propensity for nuclear localization, secondary structure, repeat sequence complexity, as well as covariation and predicted structural proximity of variable residues. Biological context was tentatively inferred from co-occurrence of other domains and interactome predictions. Approximate repeats with TALE-like features that merit experimental characterization were found in a protein of chestnut blight fungus, a eukaryotic plant pathogen.
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Qi, Tiancong; Song, Susheng; Ren, Qingcuo; Wu, Dewei; Huang, Huang; Chen, Yan; Fan, Meng; Peng, Wen; Ren, Chunmei; Xie, Daoxin
2011-01-01
Jasmonates (JAs) mediate plant responses to insect attack, wounding, pathogen infection, stress, and UV damage and regulate plant fertility, anthocyanin accumulation, trichome formation, and many other plant developmental processes. Arabidopsis thaliana Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, substrates of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)–based SCFCOI1 complex, negatively regulate these plant responses. Little is known about the molecular mechanism for JA regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation. In this study, we revealed that JAZ proteins interact with bHLH (Transparent Testa8, Glabra3 [GL3], and Enhancer of Glabra3 [EGL3]) and R2R3 MYB transcription factors (MYB75 and Glabra1), essential components of WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB transcriptional complexes, to repress JA-regulated anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation. Genetic and physiological evidence showed that JA regulates WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex-mediated anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation in a COI1-dependent manner. Overexpression of the MYB transcription factor MYB75 and bHLH factors (GL3 and EGL3) restored anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation in the coi1 mutant, respectively. We speculate that the JA-induced degradation of JAZ proteins abolishes the interactions of JAZ proteins with bHLH and MYB factors, allowing the transcriptional function of WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complexes, which subsequently activate respective downstream signal cascades to modulate anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation. PMID:21551388
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Duchenne Müsküler Distrofi ve Gilbert"s Sendromu Birlikteliği: Bir Olgu Sunumu
İncecik, Faruk; Hergüner, Özlem M.; Mert, Gülen; Horoz, Özden; Altunbaşak, Şakir
2014-01-01
Gilbert"s sendromu konjuge olmayan hiperbilirubinemi ile karekterize bir hastalıktır. 5 yaşında erkek çocuğu hafif sarılık ile hastanemize getirildi. Hastanın karaciğer enzimleri ve kreatin fosfokinaz yüksekliği ile beraber ısrarcı unkonjuge hiperbilirubinemisi vardı. Normal hemoglobin ve retikülosit değerleri ile hemoliz dışlandı ve Gilbert"s sendromu tanısı konuldu. Kreatin kinaz değeri 15600 U/l idi ve distrofin geninde delesyon mevcuttu. Sonuç olarak hastaya Gilbert"s sendr...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alsu KAMALİEVA
2013-03-01
Full Text Available War offers a variety of themes for artists with the tragedies it embodies. The war theme is one of the most challenging themes of literary works. Wars that have been experienced throughout the history of humanity have been worked in various literary genres in world literatures. “War” has been widely discussed in Tatar Literature as well. This is strongly related to the fact that Tatar society deeply experienced the sufferings of World War II. As it is known, the Tatar people had livedclosely with Soviet people and struggled against the Nazi Germany inthe Second World War by taking sides with Soviet Union. Many Tatarwriters and artists had been in the war in person and experienced theprocess. EmirhanYeniki, whose name has exceeded the borders of hiscountry, is one of those Tatar artists who experienced the war andreflected it successfully. “Bir Saatliğine” (For One Hour is a significantstory by EmirhanYeniki which established a place for itself in TatarLiterature among the works of war period. In the story, Yeniki tells usabout the Tatar society during the World War II and the meeting of amother with his youngest son of her three children for one hour byenriching the story with psychological analyses. In the “For One Hour”story, we can find about Tatar village life with all its details within thetechnical possibilities of story genre. In addition, the significance of“train”, the means of transportation where the story was set around,among Tatar society is clearly emphasized in the story. Savaş, trajedileriyle, sanatkârlara geniş bir yelpazede tema çeşitliliği verir. Savaş teması, edebi eserlerin de iddialı temalarından biridir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca yaşanan savaşlar, dünya edebiyatlarında çeşitli edebî türlerde işlenmiştir. Tatar Edebiyatı’nda da savaş teması geniş bir şekilde yer almıştır. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında Tatar toplumunun, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın bütün acılarını derin
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Wives Domain-Specific "Marriage Work" with Friends and Spouses: Links to Marital Quality
Proulx, Christine M.; Helms, Heather M.; Payne, C. Chris
2004-01-01
This study examined the friendship experiences of 52 wives and mothers, with particular attention given to wives' marriage work (discussions about concerns and problems in the marriage) in 10 domains with friends and spouses. A series of within-subjects repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that in all but two domains, wives…
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Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma: Dil ve Erken Okuryazarlık Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesinde Etkili Bir Yöntem
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Cevriye Ergül
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Erken okuryazarlık, çocukların okul öncesi dönemde okuma ve yazmaya ilişkin kazanmaları gereken önkoşul bilgi, beceri ve tutumları içermektedir. Yapılan birçok çalışmada erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin gelecekteki okuma yazma ve akademik becerileri güçlü bir şekilde yordadığı gösterilmiştir. Araştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar kısa ve uzun dönemde okul başarısı üzerinde etkili olduğu gözlenen erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin, okul öncesi dönemde desteklenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yetişkinlerin ev ve okul ortamlarında çocuklarla gerçekleştirdikleri birlikte kitap okuma etkinlikleri de, erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesinde en sık kullanılan müdahale yöntemlerinden birisidir. Alanyazında, yetişkinin çocuğa yönelik öğretici davranışlarını içeren kitap okuma etkinliklerinin, çocukların dil gelişimleri üzerinde etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda geliştirilen ve yetişkin ile çocuk arasında etkin bir iletişimi temel alan Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma (EKO uygulamaları ise yetişkinin okuma sırasında aktif dinleyici konumunda olması, çocuğa öykü ile ilgili sorular yönelterek konuşma fırsatları sağlaması, bilinmeyen sözcükleri tanımlaması ve çocuktan gelen yanıtları tekrarlayarak genişletmeler yapması bakımından geleneksel uygulamalardan farklılaşmaktadır. Çok sayıda çalışmada EKO’nun çocukların dil, erken okuryazarlık becerileri ve okumaya yönelik tutumları üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin olduğu ve gelişen bu becerilerin akademik başarıya önemli katkılarının olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu yazıda, EKO yöntemi ele alınmış ve uygulama adımlarına ilişkin bilgi verilmiştir. Early literacy includes prerequisite knowledge, skills, and attitudes that children should acquire in relation to reading and writing prior to primary education. Several studies have shown effectiveness of early
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Structure and evolution of N-domains in AAA metalloproteases.
Scharfenberg, Franka; Serek-Heuberger, Justyna; Coles, Murray; Hartmann, Marcus D; Habeck, Michael; Martin, Jörg; Lupas, Andrei N; Alva, Vikram
2015-02-27
Metalloproteases of the AAA (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) family play a crucial role in protein quality control within the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the inner membrane of eukaryotic organelles. These membrane-anchored hexameric enzymes are composed of an N-terminal domain with one or two transmembrane helices, a central AAA ATPase module, and a C-terminal Zn(2+)-dependent protease. While the latter two domains have been well studied, so far, little is known about the N-terminal regions. Here, in an extensive bioinformatic and structural analysis, we identified three major, non-homologous groups of N-domains in AAA metalloproteases. By far, the largest one is the FtsH-like group of bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. The other two groups are specific to Yme1: one found in plants, fungi, and basal metazoans and the other one found exclusively in animals. Using NMR and crystallography, we determined the subunit structure and hexameric assembly of Escherichia coli FtsH-N, exhibiting an unusual α+β fold, and the conserved part of fungal Yme1-N from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing a tetratricopeptide repeat fold. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that, uniquely among these proteins, the N-domain of Yme1 from the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris contains both the tetratricopeptide repeat region seen in basal metazoans and a region of homology to the N-domains of animals. Thus, it is a modern-day representative of an intermediate in the evolution of animal Yme1 from basal eukaryotic precursors. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Malezya’da Din-Devlet İlişkisine Kısa Bir Bakış
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Mehmet Özay
2013-03-01
Full Text Available AbstractStarting from the second half of the 1960s onwards, socio-religious youth movements, which are regarded as the initial element of civil expressions on university campuses, were constructively influential on the perception of the political elites’ understanding of Islam and political evolution of the Islamisation policies in the process in Malaysia. There are opinions that this effect encompassed the efforts of Islamisation particularly in the 1980s. In this process, the task of the state apparatus, as a political power, which managed the religious domain mostly considered belonging to the civil sector, deserves to be scrutinized in relation with at least some influential factors in the near and distant past of the Muslim Malay community. And, it cannot be overseen that the functions of the traditional Malay rulers, say, Sultans, were transferred, to some or larger extent, to the Federal government after the independence. With regard to this, in this article, the present writer will focus on some aspects of the policies of Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, who has molded majorily the history of modern Malaysia, regarding his Islamisation policy aligned with the state-religion relationship.ÖzetMalezya’da 1960’lı yılların ikinci yarısından itibaren üniversite kampüslerinde başlayan ve sivilleşmenin bir unsuru olarak telâkki edilen dini-toplumsal hareketlerin İslam’ın ülke siyasi elitince algılanmasında ve pratikte İslamlaştırma adıyla anılabilecek politikalara evrilmesinde önemli etkisi olmuştur. Bu etkinin, özellikle 1980’li yıllarda devlet eliyle İslamlaştırma çabalarına yol açtığı konusunda görüşler bulunmaktadır. Bu süreçte, yani devletin siyasi bir güç olarak sivil alana dahil olan dini çekip çevirme işini üstlenmesinde, özellikle Müslüman Malay toplumunun yakın ve uzak geçmişindeki kimi faktörler dikkate alınmayı hak etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, geleneksel Malay devletlerinde Sultanlar
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Cunha, Eva S; Hatem, Christine L; Barrick, Doug
2016-08-01
Biomass deconstruction to small simple sugars is a potential approach to biofuels production; however, the highly recalcitrant nature of biomass limits the economic viability of this approach. Thus, research on efficient biomass degradation is necessary to achieve large-scale production of biofuels. Enhancement of cellulolytic activity by increasing synergism between cellulase enzymes holds promise in achieving high-yield biofuels production. Here we have inserted cellulase pairs from extremophiles into hyperstable α-helical consensus ankyrin repeat domain scaffolds. Such chimeric constructs allowed us to optimize arrays of enzyme pairs against a variety of cellulolytic substrates. We found that endocellulolytic domains CelA (CA) and Cel12A (C12A) act synergistically in the context of ankyrin repeats, with both three and four repeat spacing. The extent of synergy differs for different substrates. Also, having C12A N-terminal to CA provides greater synergy than the reverse construct, especially against filter paper. In contrast, we do not see synergy for these enzymes in tandem with CelK (CK) catalytic domain, a larger exocellulase, demonstrating the importance of enzyme identity in synergistic enhancement. Furthermore, we found endocellulases CelD and CA with three repeat spacing to act synergistically against filter paper. Importantly, connecting CA and C12A with a disordered linker of similar contour length shows no synergistic enhancement, indicating that synergism results from connecting these domains with folded ankyrin repeats. These results show that ankyrin arrays can be used to vary spacing and orientation between enzymes, helping to design and optimize artificial cellulosomes, providing a novel architecture for synergistic enhancement of enzymatic cellulose degradation. Proteins 2016; 84:1043-1054. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Control of coercive field in lithium niobate crystals with repeated polarization reversal
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ro, Jung Hoon; Jeong, Doun; Park, Taeyong; Kim, Chulhan; Kwon, Soon-Bok; Cha, Myoungsik; Choi, Byeong Cheol; Yu, Nanei; Kurimura, Sunao; Jeon, Gyerok
2005-01-01
In this study, the amount of decrease in coercive field of congruent lithium niobate during repeated poling and back-poling was measured. The polarization is reversed in 300 ms and then back-poled during the rest period. The coercive field can be decreased around 1 kV/mm with a repeated poling interval of 5 s. As the interval prolonged, the poling field decrease became smaller, and a stretched exponential function is suggested for the experimental fitting resulting in a set of meaningful parameters. These values are essential for the design of high quality domain engineering
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The polymorphic integumentary mucin B.1 from Xenopus laevis contains the short consensus repeat.
Probst, J C; Hauser, F; Joba, W; Hoffmann, W
1992-03-25
The frog integumentary mucin B.1 (FIM-B.1), discovered by molecular cloning, contains a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain which is homologous with von Willebrand factor. With the help of the polymerase chain reaction, we now characterize a contiguous region 5' to the von Willebrand factor domain containing the short consensus repeat typical of many proteins from the complement system. Multiple transcripts have been cloned, which originate from a single animal and differ by a variable number of tandem repeats (rep-33 sequences). These different transcripts probably originate solely from two genes and are generated presumably by alternative splicing of an huge array of functional cassettes. This model is supported by analysis of genomic FIM-B.1 sequences from Xenopus laevis. Here, rep-33 sequences are arranged in an interrupted array of individual units. Additionally, results of Southern analysis revealed genetic polymorphism between different animals which is predicted to be within the tandem repeats. A first investigation of the predicted mucins with the help of a specific antibody against a synthetic peptide determined the molecular mass of FIM-B.1 to greater than 200 kDa. Here again, genetic polymorphism between different animals is detected.
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Standart Türkçeye Bir Katkı: us+(uk- A Contribution To The Literary Turkish: us+(uk-
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İ. Gülsel SEV
2013-07-01
Full Text Available A language has two dimensions namely colloquial and literary. Dialects within the colloquial language have important places. Literary language, which is static and resistant to changes, improves and gets richer with the help of dialects. The best examples of this process wereobserved during the language revolution when words, notions andterms were transferred to the literary language from with collectionsfrom dialects.The focus of the present study is the usuk- verb which means‘become wise, to get silent, to calm down’ in the dialects of Turkish.usuk- was derived with the deverbal suffix +(Ik- from the noun us‘wisdom’. Us is related both u- which means to understand and -ū whichmeans ‘to be able to, to have the power’.The suffix +(Ik- is not widely used in Turkish, there are a fewexamples such as acık-, birik-, gecik-, gözük-. However, there are manyexamples of this suffix in the historical and modern dialects.us-(uk- or with the forms in dialects as usukmak ve usuhmah hasseveral meanings such as ‘to get wise, to calm down after an offence oranger, to get silent because of astonishment, not to be able to talk, toget calm’. It is stated in the article that usuk whose implied meaningwere nor encountered in the historical dialects must be transferred tothe literary language with the meanings of ‘to get wise, to get silent andto calm down’. Besides, it is expected to take a step to increase thenumber of example verbs derived with +(Ik-, considering the examplesin the historical dialects. Dilin yazı dili ve konuşma dili olmak üzere iki yönü vardır. Konuşma dili içerisinde yer alan ağızlar apayrı bir yere sahiptir. Kolay kolay değişmeyen, durgun bir yapıya sahip olan yazı dili; canlı, gelişime ve değişime açık ağızlardan beslenerek gelişir ve zenginleşir. Bunun en güzel örneklerini dil devrimi sırasında halk ağızlarından yapılan derlemelerin, sözcük, terim ve kavram olarak yazı diline kazand
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Swiderski, Michal R; Birker, Doris; Jones, Jonathan D G
2009-02-01
In plants, the TIR (toll interleukin 1 receptor) domain is found almost exclusively in nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat resistance proteins and their truncated homologs, and has been proposed to play a signaling role during resistance responses mediated by TIR containing R proteins. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of "TIR + 80", the RPS4 truncation without the NB-ARC domain, leads to EDS1-, SGT1-, and HSP90-dependent cell death. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the RPS4 TIR+80 from either dexamethasone or estradiol-inducible promoters display inducer-dependent cell death. Cell death is also elicited by transient expression of similarly truncated constructs from two other R proteins, RPP1A and At4g19530, but is not elicited by similar constructs representing RPP2A and RPP2B proteins. Site-directed mutagenesis of the RPS4 TIR domain identified many loss-of-function mutations but also revealed several gain-of function substitutions. Lack of cell death induction by the E160A substitution suggests that amino acids outside of the TIR domain contribute to cell death signaling in addition to the TIR domain itself. This is consistent with previous observations that the TIR domain itself is insufficient to induce cell death upon transient expression.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ee Li
Full Text Available Flocculation is an attractive property for Saccaromyces cerevisiae, which plays important roles in fermentation industry and environmental remediation. The process of flocculation is mediated by a family of cell surface flocculins. As one member of flocculins, Flo1 is characterized by four families of repeats (designated as repeat units A, B, C and D in the central domain. It is generally accepted that variation of repeat unit A in length in Flo1 influences the degree of flocculation or specificity for sugar recognization. However, no reports were observed for other repeat units. Here, we compared the flocculation ability and its sensitivity to environmental factors between yeast strain YSF1 carrying the intact FLO1 gene and yeast strains carrying the derived forms of FLO1 with partial or complete deletion of repeats in unit C. No obvious differences in flocculation ability and specificity of carbohydrate recognition were observed among these yeast strains, which indicates the truncated flocculins can stride across the cell wall and cluster the N-terminal domain on the surface of yeast cells as the intact Flo1 thereby improving intercellular binding. However, yeast strains with the truncated flocculins required more mannose to inhibit completely the flocculation, displayed broad tolerance of flocculation to pH fluctuation, and the fewer the repeats in unit C, the stronger adaptability of flocculation to pH change, which was not relevant to the position of deletion. This suggests that more stable active conformation is obtained for flocculin by deletion the repeat unit C in the central domain of Flo1, which was validated further by the higher hydrophobicity on the surface of cells of YSF1c with complete deletion of unit C under neutral and alkaline conditions and the stabilization of GFP conformation by fusion with flocculin with complete deletion of unit C in the central domain.
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Blackwell, B. A. B.; Skinner, A. R.; Smith, J. R.; Hill, C. L.; Churcher, C. S.; Kieniewicz, J. M.; Adelsberger, K. A.; Blickstein, J. I. B.; Florentin, J. A.; Deely, A. E.; Spillar, K. V.
2017-12-01
Today, Bir Tarfawi, Kharga and Dakhleh Oases all sit in Egypt's hyperarid Western Desert. A dearth of naturally occurring surface water coupled with ≤ 0.1 mm/y of precipitation, and evaporation rates > 2 m/y make Bir Tarfawi uninhabitable today, while Dakhleh and Kharga depend on borehole water to support human inhabitation. Yet in scattered locations dotting the Quaternary surfaces and deposits near each oasis, Paleolithic artefacts, fossil ungulate teeth, and snails record times when surface water did exist in wetlands, small ponds, and even large lakes. At Bir Tarfawi in Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5, 7, and 13, wetlands or small lakes supported freshwater snails, large herbivores, and hominins. Dakhleh Oasis hosted a large lake in MIS 6 that provided a deep reliable water supply for many millennia subsequently. ESR dates on fossils and tufa dates show thriving lacustrine and terrestrial ecosystems at Dakhleh during MIS 5, 7, 9, 11, and 17, and in shorter episodes in MIS 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12. At Kharga Oasis, springs discharged along the Libyan Escarpment edge, but the water was ponded in small basins dammed within tufa deposits. These dated deposits and fossils attest that water existed there in MIS 2-11, and one spot dating to ∼ 2.3 Ma. This proxy evidence suggest that, thanks to higher rainfall and/or groundwater tables, sufficient water persisted for much of the Pleistocene, supporting food resources, like large herbivores and molluscs, to thrive and enabling hominin habitation. and activity in the Western Desert.
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ÖZKAN, Bülent
2013-01-01
This article is a comprehensive summary of the seminar study whose name is “Text Linguistics And Text Linguistics Cohesion At The Story ‘Onikiye Bir Var’ by Haldun TANER” In this article we aimed to research what ‘text linguistics’ and ‘text linguistic chosion’ are and how the text linguistic chosion is reflected in the story ‘Onikiye Bir Var’ by Haldun TANER Key words: Text Linguistics Text Linguistics Cohesion Haldun TANER
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Bir Yeşil İguana'da {İguana iguana) Saptanan Peritonitle Beraber Seyreden Oxyurid Enfestasyonu
KOENHEMSİ, Lora; ULUTAŞ ESATGİL, Meltem; BAYRAKAL, Alper; ERDOĞAN, Özge; GÖNÜL, Remzi
2013-01-01
ÖZETBu olgunun materyalini halsizlik ve iştahsızlık şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilen 18 aylık bir iguana oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayene ve radyolojik incelemeler sonucunda toraks ve sölomda sıvı toplanması saptandı. Hastada yapılan aspirasyon biyopsisi sonucunda yapılan sitolojik incelemede peritonit olduğu tespit edildi. Diğer taraftan dışkısında mukus görülmesi şikayeti nedeniyle yapılan parazitolojik incelemede Pharyngodonidae ailesinden: Alaeuris sp. veya Ozolamius sp. cinslerinden h...
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Bailey, Paul C; Schudoma, Christian; Jackson, William; Baggs, Erin; Dagdas, Gulay; Haerty, Wilfried; Moscou, Matthew; Krasileva, Ksenia V
2018-02-19
The plant immune system is innate and encoded in the germline. Using it efficiently, plants are capable of recognizing a diverse range of rapidly evolving pathogens. A recently described phenomenon shows that plant immune receptors are able to recognize pathogen effectors through the acquisition of exogenous protein domains from other plant genes. We show that plant immune receptors with integrated domains are distributed unevenly across their phylogeny in grasses. Using phylogenetic analysis, we uncover a major integration clade, whose members underwent repeated independent integration events producing diverse fusions. This clade is ancestral in grasses with members often found on syntenic chromosomes. Analyses of these fusion events reveals that homologous receptors can be fused to diverse domains. Furthermore, we discover a 43 amino acid long motif associated with this dominant integration clade which is located immediately upstream of the fusion site. Sequence analysis reveals that DNA transposition and/or ectopic recombination are the most likely mechanisms of formation for nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat proteins with integrated domains. The identification of this subclass of plant immune receptors that is naturally adapted to new domain integration will inform biotechnological approaches for generating synthetic receptors with novel pathogen "baits."
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Chevanne, Damien; Saupe, Sven J; Clavé, Corinne; Paoletti, Mathieu
2010-05-06
Genes involved in non-self recognition and host defence are typically capable of rapid diversification and exploit specialized genetic mechanism to that end. Fungi display a non-self recognition phenomenon termed heterokaryon incompatibility that operates when cells of unlike genotype fuse and leads to the cell death of the fusion cell. In the fungus Podospora anserina, three genes controlling this allorecognition process het-d, het-e and het-r are paralogs belonging to the same hnwd gene family. HNWD proteins are STAND proteins (signal transduction NTPase with multiple domains) that display a WD-repeat domain controlling recognition specificity. Based on genomic sequence analysis of different P. anserina isolates, it was established that repeat regions of all members of the gene family are extremely polymorphic and undergoing concerted evolution arguing for frequent recombination within and between family members. Herein, we directly analyzed the genetic instability and diversification of this allorecognition gene family. We have constituted a collection of 143 spontaneous mutants of the het-R (HNWD2) and het-E (hnwd5) genes with altered recognition specificities. The vast majority of the mutants present rearrangements in the repeat arrays with deletions, duplications and other modifications as well as creation of novel repeat unit variants. We investigate the extreme genetic instability of these genes and provide a direct illustration of the diversification strategy of this eukaryotic allorecognition gene family.
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Moparthi, Lavanya; Survery, Sabeen; Kreir, Mohamed; Simonsen, Charlotte; Kjellbom, Per; Högestätt, Edward D; Johanson, Urban; Zygmunt, Peter M
2014-11-25
We have purified and reconstituted human transient receptor potential (TRP) subtype A1 (hTRPA1) into lipid bilayers and recorded single-channel currents to understand its inherent thermo- and chemosensory properties as well as the role of the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of the N terminus in channel behavior. We report that hTRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ARD (Δ1-688 hTRPA1) is intrinsically cold-sensitive, and thus, cold-sensing properties of hTRPA1 reside outside the N-terminal ARD. We show activation of hTRPA1 by the thiol oxidant 2-((biotinoyl)amino)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA-biotin) and that electrophilic compounds activate hTRPA1 in the presence and absence of the N-terminal ARD. The nonelectrophilic compounds menthol and the cannabinoid Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (C16) directly activate hTRPA1 at different sites independent of the N-terminal ARD. The TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 inhibited cold and chemical activation of hTRPA1 and Δ1-688 hTRPA1, supporting a direct interaction with hTRPA1 outside the N-terminal ARD. These findings show that hTRPA1 is an intrinsically cold- and chemosensitive ion channel. Thus, second messengers, including Ca(2+), or accessory proteins are not needed for hTRPA1 responses to cold or chemical activators. We suggest that conformational changes outside the N-terminal ARD by cold, electrophiles, and nonelectrophiles are important in hTRPA1 channel gating and that targeting chemical interaction sites outside the N-terminal ARD provides possibilities to fine tune TRPA1-based drug therapies (e.g., for treatment of pain associated with cold hypersensitivity and cardiovascular disease).
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Solution structure of leptospiral LigA4 Big domain
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mei, Song; Zhang, Jiahai [Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Zhang, Xuecheng [School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039 (China); Tu, Xiaoming, E-mail: xmtu@ustc.edu.cn [Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)
2015-11-13
Pathogenic Leptospiraspecies express immunoglobulin-like proteins which serve as adhesins to bind to the extracellular matrices of host cells. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein A (LigA), a surface exposed protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial immunoglobulin-like (Big) domains, has been proved to be involved in the interaction of pathogenic Leptospira with mammalian host. In this study, the solution structure of the fourth Big domain of LigA (LigA4 Big domain) from Leptospira interrogans was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The structure of LigA4 Big domain displays a similar bacterial immunoglobulin-like fold compared with other Big domains, implying some common structural aspects of Big domain family. On the other hand, it displays some structural characteristics significantly different from classic Ig-like domain. Furthermore, Stains-all assay and NMR chemical shift perturbation revealed the Ca{sup 2+} binding property of LigA4 Big domain. - Highlights: • Determining the solution structure of a bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain from a surface protein of Leptospira. • The solution structure shows some structural characteristics significantly different from the classic Ig-like domains. • A potential Ca{sup 2+}-binding site was identified by strains-all and NMR chemical shift perturbation.
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Solution structure of leptospiral LigA4 Big domain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mei, Song; Zhang, Jiahai; Zhang, Xuecheng; Tu, Xiaoming
2015-01-01
Pathogenic Leptospiraspecies express immunoglobulin-like proteins which serve as adhesins to bind to the extracellular matrices of host cells. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein A (LigA), a surface exposed protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial immunoglobulin-like (Big) domains, has been proved to be involved in the interaction of pathogenic Leptospira with mammalian host. In this study, the solution structure of the fourth Big domain of LigA (LigA4 Big domain) from Leptospira interrogans was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The structure of LigA4 Big domain displays a similar bacterial immunoglobulin-like fold compared with other Big domains, implying some common structural aspects of Big domain family. On the other hand, it displays some structural characteristics significantly different from classic Ig-like domain. Furthermore, Stains-all assay and NMR chemical shift perturbation revealed the Ca"2"+ binding property of LigA4 Big domain. - Highlights: • Determining the solution structure of a bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain from a surface protein of Leptospira. • The solution structure shows some structural characteristics significantly different from the classic Ig-like domains. • A potential Ca"2"+-binding site was identified by strains-all and NMR chemical shift perturbation.
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Kandeel, Mahmoud; Al-Taher, Abdulla; Li, Huifang; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Alnazawi, Mohamed
2018-01-01
Structural studies related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection process are so limited. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to unravel changes in the MERS CoV heptad repeat domains (HRs
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Novel anti-HIV peptides containing multiple copies of artificially designed heptad repeat motifs
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shi Weiguo; Qi Zhi; Pan Chungen; Xue Na; Debnath, Asim K.; Qie Jiankun; Jiang Shibo; Liu Keliang
2008-01-01
The peptidic anti-HIV drug T20 (Fuzeon) and its analog C34 share a common heptad repeat (HR) sequence, but they have different functional domains, i.e., pocket- and lipid-binding domains (PBD and LBD, respectively). We hypothesize that novel anti-HIV peptides may be designed by using artificial sequences containing multiple copies of HR motifs plus zero, one or two functional domains. Surprisingly, we found that the peptides containing only the non-natural HR sequences could significantly inhibit HIV-1 infection, while addition of PBD and/or LBD to the peptides resulted in significant improvement of anti-HIV-1 activity. These results suggest that these artificial HR sequences, which may serve as structural domains, could be used as templates for the design of novel antiviral peptides against HIV and other viruses with class I fusion proteins
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Borgbo, T; Macek, M; Chrudimska, J
2015-01-01
Granulosa cell (GC) expressed androgen receptors (AR) and intrafollicular androgens are central to fertility. The transactivating domain of the AR contains a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence, which is linked to the transcriptional activity of AR and may influence the GC function. This study aims...... to evaluate the effects of the AR CAG repeat length on the intrafollicular hormone profiles, and the gene expression profiles of GC from human small antral follicles. In total, 190 small antral follicles (3-11 mm in diameter) were collected from 58 women undergoing ovarian cryopreservation for fertility...... expression compared to medium CAG repeat lengths (P = 0.03). In conclusion, long CAG repeat lengths in the AR were associated to significant attenuated levels of androgens and an increased conversion of testosterone into oestradiol, in human small antral follicles....
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Zhang, Huimin; Wang, Qingjing; Fisher, Derek J; Cai, Mingzhu; Chakravartty, Vandana; Ye, Huiyan; Li, Ping; Solbiati, Jose O; Feng, Youjun
2016-05-10
Biotin protein ligase (BPL) is widespread in the three domains of the life. The paradigm BPL is the Escherichia coli BirA protein, which also functions as a repressor for the biotin biosynthesis pathway. Here we report that Lactococcus lactis possesses two different orthologues of birA (birA1_LL and birA2_LL). Unlike the scenario in E. coli, L. lactis appears to be auxotrophic for biotin in that it lacks a full biotin biosynthesis pathway. In contrast, it retains two biotin transporter-encoding genes (bioY1_LL and bioY2_LL), suggesting the use of a scavenging strategy to obtain biotin from the environment. The in vivo function of the two L. lactis birA genes was judged by their abilities to complement the conditional lethal E. coli birA mutant. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectroscopy assays demonstrated that these two recombinant BirA proteins catalyze the biotinylation reaction of the acceptor biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), through the expected biotinoyl-AMP intermediate. Gel shift assays were used to characterize bioY1_LL and BirA1_LL. We also determined the ability to uptake (3)H-biotin by L. lactis. Taken together, our results deciphered a unique biotin scavenging pathway with redundant genes present in the probiotic bacterium L. lactis.
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Selected Topics on Business Informatics Research: Editorial Introduction to Issue 6 of CSIMQ
Maggi, Fabrizio Maria; Matulevičius, Raimundas
2016-01-01
Business informatics research bridges management and engineering domains and facilitates communication between scientific and practical applications. The sixth issue of the journal of Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly contains four publications that present the extended papers from the workshops of the 14th International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (BIR 2015) that was organized in Tartu, Estonia, 26-28 August, 2015. The BIR 2015 workshops captu...
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Potential Role of the Last Half Repeat in TAL Effectors Revealed by a Molecular Simulation Study
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Hua Wan
2016-01-01
Full Text Available TAL effectors (TALEs contain a modular DNA-binding domain that is composed of tandem repeats. In all naturally occurring TALEs, the end of tandem repeats is invariantly a truncated half repeat. To investigate the potential role of the last half repeat in TALEs, we performed comparative molecular dynamics simulations for the crystal structure of DNA-bound TALE AvrBs3 lacking the last half repeat and its modeled structure having the last half repeat. The structural stability analysis indicates that the modeled system is more stable than the nonmodeled system. Based on the principle component analysis, it is found that the AvrBs3 increases its structural compactness in the presence of the last half repeat. The comparison of DNA groove parameters of the two systems implies that the last half repeat also causes the change of DNA major groove binding efficiency. The following calculation of hydrogen bond reveals that, by stabilizing the phosphate binding with DNA at the C-terminus, the last half repeat helps to adopt a compact conformation at the protein-DNA interface. It further mediates more contacts between TAL repeats and DNA nucleotide bases. Finally, we suggest that the last half repeat is required for the high-efficient recognition of DNA by TALE.
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Sr and Pb isotopic composition of five USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G, TB-1G, NKT-1G)
Elburg, M.A.; Vroon, P.Z.; van der Wagt, R.A.C.A.; Tchalikian, A.
2005-01-01
Sr isotopic compositions and Rb/Sr ratios of three USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G) are identical to those of the original USGS reference materials. NKT-1G and TB-1G give values of 0.70351 and 0.70558, respectively. Pb isotopic ratios were measured by the standard-sample bracketing technique
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Sistem Yaklaşımına Dayalı Bir Metodoloji: Yumuşak Sistemler Metodolojisi
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S. Serap Kurbanoğlu
1993-06-01
Full Text Available Bu yazıda Checkland tarafından geliştirilen sistem yaklaşımına dayalı bir metodoloji olan Yumuşak Sistemler Metodolojisi (YSM tanıtılmaktadır. YSM "problemi yaratan nedir" ? veya yaşanan zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için yapılması gereken nedir?" gibi konuların açık olmadığı belirsiz ve karmaşık problem durumlarında kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmiştir. Bu tür problemlerle (karmaşık, belirsiz "katı" olarak tanımlanan problemler arasındaki en temel farklılık ikincisinde sonucun veya başarılmak istenen şeyin önceden bilinmesidir. YSM kavramsal model geliştirmeye dayanır. Geliştirilen kavramsal model gerçek dünyadaki mevcut durumla karşılaştırılır. Ve bu ikisi arasındaki farklılıklar, çözümleri problem durumundaki insanlarla tartışabilecek problem alanlarını aydınlatmaya yardımcı olur. YSM yöneticilerin varsayılan bir problem hakkındaki önyargılı fikirler üzerinde geliştirilmiş zayıf ve hazır çözümlere yönelmelerine engel olur. Bu yazıda önyargılı çözümlerden kaçınmanın ve gerçek problemlere ulaşmanın önemi de ayrıca vurgulanmaktadır.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Şeniz ANBARLI BOZATAY
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Geçmişi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na dayanan ve güncelliğini günümüzde de koruyan merkezi yönetim ve yerinden yönetim tartışmaları, 6360 Sayılı Yasa ile yeni bir aşamaya ulaşmıştır. Büyükşehir belediyesi tanımını yeniden düzenlemek suretiyle, otuz ilde, il özel idarelerini, köyleri ve belde belediyelerini kaldırarak, bu illerdeki ilçe belediyelerini büyükşehir ilçe belediyesi hâline dönüştüren Yasanın etki alanının Türkiye nüfusunun yaklaşık %80’ine tekabül etmesi, etkileri açısından önemli bir değişime işaret etmektedir. Kamu hizmeti sunumunda yeni bir yerel yapılanmanın amaçlandığı Yasa ile Büyükşehir Belediyelerine verilen yeni görevler ve yeni hizmet alanları üzerine, başta siyasetçiler, akademisyenler ve uygulayıcılar olmak üzere birçok çevre tarafından değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 6360 Sayılı Yasa; usul ve anayasaya uygunluk, Yasanın getirdikleri üzerine değerlendirmeler ve Yasanın muhtemel sonuçları üzerine yapılan tartışmalar itibariyle üç farklı boyut içinde ele alınarak incelenmiştir.
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Haber Etiği ve Bir Siyasi Haber İncelemesi / News Ethics and An Analysis of a Political News
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Buğra KARDAN
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Medyada haber etiği ve habercilik ahlakı tartışmaları, medya tarihi kadar eski bir olgudur. İletişim teknolojisinin sağladığı imkânlarla faaliyet çeşitliliği, etki gücü ve etki alanı hızla artan basın-yayın sektörü, siyasi ve/veya mali hedefler gözeten birer araç olarak artık daha sık kullanılmakta ve ortaya çıkan etik (ve adli sorunlar, medyada haber etiği tartışmalarının güncel kalması sonucunu doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada medyada haber etiği konusu, siyasi bir haber (bir siyasi parti genel başkanına dönük şiddet eylemi haberi çerçevesinde ele alınmış; olayın farklı siyasi duruşlardaki bazı medya organları (gazeteler tarafından haberleştirilme biçimi, belirli kıstaslar altında toplanan veriler eşliğinde, haber etiği perspektifiyle ve karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonuçlarına göre, özellikle bazı gazetelerde söz konusu haberin sunuş biçimi üzerinde medya organlarının siyasi pozisyonlarının etkili olabildiği gözlemlenmiştir. / Debates on ethics in media and journalism has a long-standing history, just as the history of media. Due to the opportunities provided by communication technologies, power, influence and functions of the press and media increase and so that play an instrumental role in maximization of the political and/or financial ambitions of political or economic actors. Hence, debates on news ethics continue forever to be a major issue. This study focuses on ethical issues in the news and more specifically political news; elaborates on a news about the violence that a political party leader faced in Turkey, and analyzes how media (newspapers from different political views reflected the case. As a result of the study, it has been observed that newspapers presented the event largely according to their political positions and worldviews.
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Samuel, Marcus A; Mudgil, Yashwanti; Salt, Jennifer N; Delmas, Frédéric; Ramachandran, Shaliny; Chilelli, Andrea; Goring, Daphne R
2008-08-01
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encompasses multiple receptor kinase families with highly variable extracellular domains. Despite their large numbers, the various ligands and the downstream interacting partners for these kinases have been deciphered only for a few members. One such member, the S-receptor kinase, is known to mediate the self-incompatibility (SI) response in Brassica. S-receptor kinase has been shown to interact and phosphorylate a U-box/ARM-repeat-containing E3 ligase, ARC1, which, in turn, acts as a positive regulator of the SI response. In an effort to identify conserved signaling pathways in Arabidopsis, we performed yeast two-hybrid analyses of various S-domain receptor kinase family members with representative Arabidopsis plant U-box/ARM-repeat (AtPUB-ARM) E3 ligases. The kinase domains from S-domain receptor kinases were found to interact with ARM-repeat domains from AtPUB-ARM proteins. These kinase domains, along with M-locus protein kinase, a positive regulator of SI response, were also able to phosphorylate the ARM-repeat domains in in vitro phosphorylation assays. Subcellular localization patterns were investigated using transient expression assays in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells and changes were detected in the presence of interacting kinases. Finally, potential links to the involvement of these interacting modules to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. Interestingly, AtPUB9 displayed redistribution to the plasma membrane of BY-2 cells when either treated with ABA or coexpressed with the active kinase domain of ARK1. As well, T-DNA insertion mutants for ARK1 and AtPUB9 lines were altered in their ABA sensitivity during germination and acted at or upstream of ABI3, indicating potential involvement of these proteins in ABA responses.
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Crystal Structure of the HEAT Domain from the Pre-mRNA Processing Factor Symplekin
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kennedy, Sarah A.; Frazier, Monica L.; Steiniger, Mindy; Mast, Ann M.; Marzluff, William F.; Redinbo, Matthew R.; (UNC)
2010-09-30
The majority of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs are processed by 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, although in metazoa the replication-dependent histone mRNAs are processed by 3'-end cleavage but not polyadenylation. The macromolecular complex responsible for processing both canonical and histone pre-mRNAs contains the {approx} 1160-residue protein Symplekin. Secondary-structural prediction algorithms identified putative HEAT domains in the 300 N-terminal residues of all Symplekins of known sequence. The structure and dynamics of this domain were investigated to begin elucidating the role Symplekin plays in mRNA maturation. The crystal structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Symplekin HEAT domain was determined to 2.4 {angstrom} resolution with single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing methods. The structure exhibits five canonical HEAT repeats along with an extended 31-amino-acid loop (loop 8) between the fourth and fifth repeat that is conserved within closely related Symplekin sequences. Molecular dynamics simulations of this domain show that the presence of loop 8 dampens correlated and anticorrelated motion in the HEAT domain, therefore providing a neutral surface for potential protein-protein interactions. HEAT domains are often employed for such macromolecular contacts. The Symplekin HEAT region not only structurally aligns with several established scaffolding proteins, but also has been reported to contact proteins essential for regulating 3'-end processing. Together, these data support the conclusion that the Symplekin HEAT domain serves as a scaffold for protein-protein interactions essential to the mRNA maturation process.
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[Family of ribosomal proteins S1 contains unique conservative domain].
Deriusheva, E I; Machulin, A V; Selivanova, O M; Serdiuk, I N
2010-01-01
Different representatives of bacteria have different number of amino acid residues in the ribosomal proteins S1. This number varies from 111 (Spiroplasma kunkelii) to 863 a.a. (Treponema pallidum). Traditionally and for lack of this protein three-dimensional structure, its architecture is represented as repeating S1 domains. Number of these domains depends on the protein's length. Domain's quantity and its boundaries data are contained in the specialized databases, such as SMART, Pfam and PROSITE. However, for the same object these data may be very different. For search of domain's quantity and its boundaries, new approach, based on the analysis of dicted secondary structure (PsiPred), was used. This approach allowed us to reveal structural domains in amino acid sequences of S1 proteins and at that number varied from one to six. Alignment of S1 proteins, containing different domain's number, with the S1 RNAbinding domain of Escherichia coli PNPase elicited a fact that in family of ribosomal proteins SI one domain has maximal homology with S1 domain from PNPase. This conservative domain migrates along polypeptide chain and locates in proteins, containing different domain's number, according to specified pattern. In this domain as well in the S1 domain from PNPase, residues Phe-19, Phe-22, His-34, Asp-64 and Arg-68 are clustered on the surface and formed RNA binding site.
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t2prhd: a tool to study the patterns of repeat evolution
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Pénzes Zsolt
2008-01-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The models developed to characterize the evolution of multigene families (such as the birth-and-death and the concerted models have also been applied on the level of sequence repeats inside a gene/protein. Phylogenetic reconstruction is the method of choice to study the evolution of gene families and also sequence repeats in the light of these models. The characterization of the gene family evolution in view of the evolutionary models is done by the evaluation of the clustering of the sequences with the originating loci in mind. As the locus represents positional information, it is straightforward that in the case of the repeats the exact position in the sequence should be used, as the simple numbering according to repeat order can be misleading. Results We have developed a novel rapid visual approach to study repeat evolution, that takes into account the exact repeat position in a sequence. The "pairwise repeat homology diagram" visualizes sequence repeats detected by a profile HMM in a pair of sequences and highlights their homology relations inferred by a phylogenetic tree. The method is implemented in a Perl script (t2prhd available for downloading at http://t2prhd.sourceforge.net and is also accessible as an online tool at http://t2prhd.brc.hu. The power of the method is demonstrated on the EGF-like and fibronectin-III-like (Fn-III domain repeats of three selected mammalian Tenascin sequences. Conclusion Although pairwise repeat homology diagrams do not carry all the information provided by the phylogenetic tree, they allow a rapid and intuitive assessment of repeat evolution. We believe, that t2prhd is a helpful tool with which to study the pattern of repeat evolution. This method can be particularly useful in cases of large datasets (such as large gene families, as the command line interface makes it possible to automate the generation of pairwise repeat homology diagrams with the aid of scripts.
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Bir Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisi için Otomasyon Sistem Tasarımı ve Uygulaması
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Murat AYAZ
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Kontrolsüz atık sahalarında çöp depolanması sonucu koku oluşması, haşere üremesi, başıboş hayvanların beslenme ortamının oluşması, çöplerin etrafa yayılması ve yangın riski gibi sebepler bu tür çöp döküm alanlarının kontrol altına alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu durum kontrolsüz depolama sahalarının yerine düzenli (kontrollü depolama sahalarının kullanımını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Gerek ülkemizde gerekse de diğer ülkelerde düzenli depolama sahalarının sayısı gün geçtikçe artış göstermektedir. Düzenli depolama sahaları yapısal olarak geniş bir alan üzerine tesis edilmektedir. Geniş yüzey alanına sahip bu tür tesislerde birimler arası iletişim ve kontrol SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition sistemi ile gerçekleştirildiğinde, gerçek zamanlı izleme – kontrol, güvenli çalışma, düşük işletme maliyeti, insan iş gücü gereksiniminin azaltılması ve esneklik gibi birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada yaklaşık 225000 m2 üzerine kurulmuş bir katı atık bertaraf tesisinin tüm ünitelerinin kontrolü ve izlenmesi SCADA otomasyonu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katı atık bertaraf tesisi trafo ve jeneratörün yer aldığı enerji dağıtım noktası, toplanan katı atıkların miktarının ölçüldüğü kantar noktası, atık suyun biriktirildiği atık su havuzu ve pompa istasyonu, çevre aydınlatması kontrol noktası ve tesis içerisinde yer alan bütün bileşenlerin izlendiği idari bina olmak üzere beş ayrı noktadan oluşmaktadır. Tesisin belirtilen bu beş ayrı noktasında PLC (Programmable Logic Controller kontrol panelleri yer almaktadır. Bu noktalar arası haberleşme 1500 metrelik bir profibus hattı ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. İdari bina ile kantar bölgelerinde sistemin izleme ve kontrolünün gerçekleştirilebileceği SCADA merkezi oluşturulmuştur. Bu endüstriyel tesisin otomasyon sisteminin tasarımı ve
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kezban KAPAR
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Supplier selection is one of the most critical activities in today's competitive businessworld. Selecting the supplier is a very difficult task to carry out. For determining the bestsupplier selection while assessing all the cases to choose the best approach, the AnalyticalHierarchy Process (AHP is used.AHP is a method used for systematic comparison, evaluation and selection of theoptions via determining the strengths and weaknesses of options. In this study, AHP methodwas utilized in the supplier selection and Expert Choice 11.5 was used while utilizing AHPmethod. The suppliers' superiorities were determined by Expert Choice and they werecompared systematically.Tedarikçi seçimi, günümüz rekabetçi iş dünyasında en kritik faaliyetlerden biridir. Birtedarikçi seçiminde en iyi olanı seçmek zor bir iştir. En iyi tedarikçi seçiminin belirlenmesiiçin çok amaçlı karar verme tekniklerinden birisi olan ve alternatif tedarikçilerdeğerlendirilerek bütün durumlar içinden en iyi olanı seçebilen Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci(AHS, tedarikçi seçiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir.AHS, seçim aşamasında seçeneklerin üstünlüklerinin belirlenmesi ve sistematik olarakkarşılaştırılıp değerlendirilmesini sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, bir işletmenintedarikçi seçiminde AHS yönteminden yararlanılmış ve AHS yönteminin kullanılmasındaExpert Choice 11.5 programı kullanılmıştır. Expert Choice ile tedarikçilerin üstünlükleribelirlenmiştir ve sistematik olarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
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Ayran Üretim Metotları Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Celalettin Koçak
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Ayran, yoğurt, tuz ve sudan oluşan, geleneksel bir Türk içeceğidir. Ticari olarak Ayran iki şekilde üretilmektedir. Bu iki üretim şekli arasındaki başlıca fark, inkübasyondan önce Ayran sütüne su ilave edilmesi veya inkübasyondan sonra yoğurda suyun ilave edilmesidir. Bu nedenle bu araştırma, bu iki üretim metodunun Ayranın kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, üretim metotlarının Ayranın genel bileşimi ve tüketici beğenisi üzerinde herhangi bir etkilerinin bulunmadığını göstermiştir (P >0.05. Ancak, yoğurda su katılarak üretilen ayranların asetaldehit içeriklerinde 7. gün depolamada, S. thermophilus içeriğinde ise 1. gün depolamada diğer metoda göre daha düşük değerler elde edilmiştir (P < 0.05.
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Phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains: navigating the cell cycle and DNA damage response.
Reinhardt, H Christian; Yaffe, Michael B
2013-09-01
Coordinated progression through the cell cycle is a complex challenge for eukaryotic cells. Following genotoxic stress, diverse molecular signals must be integrated to establish checkpoints specific for each cell cycle stage, allowing time for various types of DNA repair. Phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains have emerged as crucial regulators of cell cycle progression and DNA damage signalling. Such domains include 14-3-3 proteins, WW domains, Polo-box domains (in PLK1), WD40 repeats (including those in the E3 ligase SCF(βTrCP)), BRCT domains (including those in BRCA1) and FHA domains (such as in CHK2 and MDC1). Progress has been made in our understanding of the motif (or motifs) that these phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains connect with on their targets and how these interactions influence the cell cycle and DNA damage response.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olkan SENEMOĞLU
2017-05-01
Full Text Available Bu makale, tüketim, tüketim toplumu ve tüketim kültürü kavramlarına odaklanmak¬tadır. Bu kavramların literatürde nasıl tanımlandığına değinerek, karşılaştırmalı bir analizi¬ni sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu makalede tüketim olgusu başta olmak üzere, tüketim toplumu ve tüketim kültürünün günümüzde ne ifade ettiğine odaklanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ihtiyaçların manipülasyonu tezi, gösteri toplumu kuramı, reklamın bir tüketim propagandası olduğu yönündeki iddia ve tüketimin fazla ürüne sahip olmayla herhangi bir bağlantısının olmadığını ileri süren düşünce ele alınmaktadır. Tüketim olgusunun iktisadi, sosyal ve kültürel olmak üzere çeşitli boyutlarını ele alan literatürün karşılaştırmalı bir analizi üzerine kurulan bu çalışmada, sadece bir şeyler satın almanın insanları tüketici yapmadığına, insanın ihti¬yacına tekabül eden nesneleri tüketmesinin onu tüketiciye dönüştürmediğine değinilmektedir. Tüketim toplumunda, tüketimin artık ihtiyaçtan dolayı gerçekleşmediğine aksine bizzat tüketi¬min kendisinin bir ihtiyaç haline geldiğine odaklanılmaktadır. Böyle olduğu için de insanların artık kültür yaratmadıklarına “tüketim kültürü”nün nesnelerine eklemlenerek kendilerini var ettiklerine dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda genel olarak çağımızın artık tüketim kültürü¬nün hüküm sürdüğü bir çağ olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bireyin artık tüketimle, kültürüne dair bir ifade biçimi ortaya koymadığı tam tersine artık tüketim nesnesinin kendisinin birey için bir imaj ve mesaj iletimi halini almış olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu anlamda tüketim kültürünün, kendi kültürünü her yere sirayet ettirmiş olduğu gösterilmektedir. / This paper centres on the notions of consumption, consumption society and consumption culture. It seeks to present a comparative analysis by addressing
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Aguda, Adeleke Halilu; Sakwe, Amos Malle; Rask, Lars; Robinson, Robert Charles
2007-01-01
The crystallization and crystallographic data analysis of filamin repeats 14–16 are reported. Human filamin A is a 280 kDa protein involved in actin-filament cross-linking. It is structurally divided into an actin-binding headpiece (ABD) and a rod domain containing 24 immunoglobulin-like (Ig) repeats. A fragment of human filamin A (Ig repeats 14–16) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified protein was crystallized in 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 2% PEG 1000 and 100 mM HEPES pH 7.5. The crystals diffracted to 1.95 Å and belong to space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 50.63, b = 52.10, c = 98.46 Å, α = β = γ = 90°
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Zucchini, Laure; Mercy, Chryslène; Garcia, Pierre Simon; Cluzel, Caroline; Gueguen-Chaignon, Virginie; Galisson, Frédéric; Freton, Céline; Guiral, Sébastien; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Gouet, Patrice; Grangeasse, Christophe
2018-02-01
Eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinases (eSTKs) with extracellular PASTA repeats are key membrane regulators of bacterial cell division. How PASTA repeats govern eSTK activation and function remains elusive. Using evolution- and structural-guided approaches combined with cell imaging, we disentangle the role of each PASTA repeat of the eSTK StkP from Streptococcus pneumoniae. While the three membrane-proximal PASTA repeats behave as interchangeable modules required for the activation of StkP independently of cell wall binding, they also control the septal cell wall thickness. In contrast, the fourth and membrane-distal PASTA repeat directs StkP localization at the division septum and encompasses a specific motif that is critical for final cell separation through interaction with the cell wall hydrolase LytB. We propose a model in which the extracellular four-PASTA domain of StkP plays a dual function in interconnecting the phosphorylation of StkP endogenous targets along with septal cell wall remodelling to allow cell division of the pneumococcus.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Serap Kurbanoğlu
1996-12-01
Full Text Available A literature analysis and an evaluation are made on the findings of researches which examine the research methods employed in library science and information science dissertations. The data suggest some changes regarding to research methods used in library science dissertations. Separate examinations of library science dissertations and information science dissertations suggest that there are differences as much assimilarities between these sister disciplines. Kütüphanecilik ve bilgi bilim tezlerinde kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri konusunda yapılan araştırmaların bulguları üzerine bir literatür çalışması ve bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bulgular kütüphanecilik tezlerinde kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri konusunda zaman içinde bir çeşitlenme olduğunu göstermektedir. Kütüphanecilik ve bilgi bilim tezleri üzerinde ayrı ayrı yürütülen incelemeler ise bu iki kardeş disiplin arasında benzerlikler kadar farklılıklar da olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
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Viterbo, David; Michoud, Gregoire; Mosbach, Valentine; Dujon, Bernard; Richard, Guy-Franck
2016-01-01
Trinucleotide repeat expansions are responsible for at least two dozen neurological disorders. Mechanisms leading to these large expansions of repeated DNA are still poorly understood. It was proposed that transient stalling of the replication fork by the repeat tract might trigger slippage of the newly-synthesized strand over its template, leading to expansions or contractions of the triplet repeat. However, such mechanism was never formally proven. Here we show that replication fork pausing and CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat instability are not linked, stable and unstable repeats exhibiting the same propensity to stall replication forks when integrated in a yeast natural chromosome. We found that replication fork stalling was dependent on the integrity of the mismatch-repair system, especially the Msh2p-Msh6p complex, suggesting that direct interaction of MMR proteins with secondary structures formed by trinucleotide repeats in vivo, triggers replication fork pauses. We also show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that Msh2p is enriched at trinucleotide repeat tracts, in both stable and unstable orientations, this enrichment being dependent on MSH3 and MSH6. Finally, we show that overexpressing MSH2 favors the formation of heteroduplex regions, leading to an increase in contractions and expansions of CAG/CTG repeat tracts during replication, these heteroduplexes being dependent on both MSH3 and MSH6. These heteroduplex regions were not detected when a mutant msh2-E768A gene in which the ATPase domain was mutated was overexpressed. Our results unravel two new roles for mismatch-repair proteins: stabilization of heteroduplex regions and transient blocking of replication forks passing through such repeats. Both roles may involve direct interactions between MMR proteins and secondary structures formed by trinucleotide repeat tracts, although indirect interactions may not be formally excluded.
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Viterbo, David
2016-03-16
Trinucleotide repeat expansions are responsible for at least two dozen neurological disorders. Mechanisms leading to these large expansions of repeated DNA are still poorly understood. It was proposed that transient stalling of the replication fork by the repeat tract might trigger slippage of the newly-synthesized strand over its template, leading to expansions or contractions of the triplet repeat. However, such mechanism was never formally proven. Here we show that replication fork pausing and CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat instability are not linked, stable and unstable repeats exhibiting the same propensity to stall replication forks when integrated in a yeast natural chromosome. We found that replication fork stalling was dependent on the integrity of the mismatch-repair system, especially the Msh2p-Msh6p complex, suggesting that direct interaction of MMR proteins with secondary structures formed by trinucleotide repeats in vivo, triggers replication fork pauses. We also show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that Msh2p is enriched at trinucleotide repeat tracts, in both stable and unstable orientations, this enrichment being dependent on MSH3 and MSH6. Finally, we show that overexpressing MSH2 favors the formation of heteroduplex regions, leading to an increase in contractions and expansions of CAG/CTG repeat tracts during replication, these heteroduplexes being dependent on both MSH3 and MSH6. These heteroduplex regions were not detected when a mutant msh2-E768A gene in which the ATPase domain was mutated was overexpressed. Our results unravel two new roles for mismatch-repair proteins: stabilization of heteroduplex regions and transient blocking of replication forks passing through such repeats. Both roles may involve direct interactions between MMR proteins and secondary structures formed by trinucleotide repeat tracts, although indirect interactions may not be formally excluded.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tooley, James E.; Khangulov, Victor; Lees, Jonathan P. B.; Schlessman, Jamie L.; Bewley, Maria C.; Heroux, Annie; Bosch, Jürgen; Hill, R. Blake
2011-01-01
A 1.75 Å resolution crystal structure of the Fis1 cytoplasmic domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported which adopts a tetratricopeptide-repeat fold. Fis1 mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. It is tail-anchored to these organelles by a transmembrane domain, exposing a soluble cytoplasmic domain. Previous studies suggested that Fis1 is autoinhibited by its N-terminal region. Here, a 1.75 Å resolution crystal structure of the Fis1 cytoplasmic domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported which adopts a tetratricopeptide-repeat fold. It is observed that this fold creates a concave surface important for fission, but is sterically occluded by its N-terminal region. Thus, this structure provides a physical basis for autoinhibition and allows a detailed examination of the interactions that stabilize the inhibited state of this molecule
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Pratique de l’extranéité dans l’écriture d’Abdelkébir Khatibi
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hassan Moustir
2013-11-01
Full Text Available Promoted to the rank of operational concept in writing, the notion of "foreign professional" means in both fictional and critical work of Abdelkébir Khatibi (1938-2009 this cosmopolitan otherness that reduces identity disparities and cultural differences. Late Khatibi’s fictions, including Un été à Stockholm (1990 and Féerie d’un mutant (2005 represent an ontological extraneous out with all cultural and identity anchors and discourse representations. Op-erating in a global space, and private of a fixed identity and separated cultural roots, the characters of these two fictions embody the thought of foreignness and border crossing practice, at the linguistic and the cultural levels. This fact grows to reflect on what would be writing and deterritorialized identity.
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ŞAKIYAN, İffet
1992-01-01
Bu çalışmada Mangan bileşikleri arasında bilimsel ve teknik yönden önemi büyük olan Mangan ( III )asetat yeni bir metod geliştirilerek sentezlendi. Mangan(II)asetat susuz asetik asit ortamında PbO? ile yükseltgenerek Mangan(III)asetata dönüştürüldü ve kararlı bir madde olarak ayrılması sağlandı. Susuz ortam çalışmalarında organik maddelerin potansiyometrik metodlarla kantitatif tayinlerinde titrant olarak kullanılmasına ve Mangan(III) komplekslerinin sentezine yöneli...
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Solution structure of telomere binding domain of AtTRB2 derived from Arabidopsis thaliana
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yun, Ji-Hye; Lee, Won Kyung; Kim, Heeyoun; Kim, Eunhee; Cheong, Chaejoon; Cho, Myeon Haeng; Lee, Weontae
2014-01-01
Highlights: • We have determined solution structure of Myb domain of AtTRB2. • The Myb domain of AtTRB2 is located in the N-terminal region. • The Myb domain of AtTRB2 binds to plant telomeric DNA without fourth helix. • Helix 2 and 3 of the Myb domain of AtTRB2 are involved in DNA recognition. • AtTRB2 is a novel protein distinguished from other known plant TBP. - Abstract: Telomere homeostasis is regulated by telomere-associated proteins, and the Myb domain is well conserved for telomere binding. AtTRB2 is a member of the SMH (Single-Myb-Histone)-like family in Arabidopsis thaliana, having an N-terminal Myb domain, which is responsible for DNA binding. The Myb domain of AtTRB2 contains three α-helices and loops for DNA binding, which is unusual given that other plant telomere-binding proteins have an additional fourth helix that is essential for DNA binding. To understand the structural role for telomeric DNA binding of AtTRB2, we determined the solution structure of the Myb domain of AtTRB2 (AtTRB2 1–64 ) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, the inter-molecular interaction between AtTRB2 1–64 and telomeric DNA has been characterized by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and NMR titration analyses for both plant (TTTAGGG)n and human (TTAGGG)n telomere sequences. Data revealed that Trp28, Arg29, and Val47 residues located in Helix 2 and Helix 3 are crucial for DNA binding, which are well conserved among other plant telomere binding proteins. We concluded that although AtTRB2 is devoid of the additional fourth helix in the Myb-extension domain, it is able to bind to plant telomeric repeat sequences as well as human telomeric repeat sequences
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Casas-Vila, Núria; Scheibe, Marion; Freiwald, Anja; Kappei, Dennis; Butter, Falk
2015-11-17
To date, telomere research in fungi has mainly focused on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, despite the fact that both yeasts have degenerated telomeric repeats in contrast to the canonical TTAGGG motif found in vertebrates and also several other fungi. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we here investigate the telosome of Neurospora crassa, a fungus with canonical telomeric repeats. We show that at least six of the candidates detected in our screen are direct TTAGGG-repeat binding proteins. While three of the direct interactors (NCU03416 [ncTbf1], NCU01991 [ncTbf2] and NCU02182 [ncTay1]) feature the known myb/homeobox DNA interaction domain also found in the vertebrate telomeric factors, we additionally show that a zinc-finger protein (NCU07846) and two proteins without any annotated DNA-binding domain (NCU02644 and NCU05718) are also direct double-strand TTAGGG binders. We further find two single-strand binders (NCU02404 [ncGbp2] and NCU07735 [ncTcg1]). By quantitative label-free interactomics we identify TTAGGG-binding proteins in Neurospora crassa, suggesting candidates for telomeric factors that are supported by phylogenomic comparison with yeast species. Intriguingly, homologs in yeast species with degenerated telomeric repeats are also TTAGGG-binding proteins, e.g. in S. cerevisiae Tbf1 recognizes the TTAGGG motif found in its subtelomeres. However, there is also a subset of proteins that is not conserved. While a rudimentary core TTAGGG-recognition machinery may be conserved across yeast species, our data suggests Neurospora as an emerging model organism with unique features.
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Dissection and Manipulation of LRR Domains in Plant Disease Resistance Gene Products.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bent, Andrew [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
2012-11-28
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein domains offer a readily diversifiable platform - literally, an extended protein surface - for specific binding of very diverse ligands. The project addressed the following overlapping research questions: How do leucine-rich repeat proteins recognize their cognate ligands? What are the intra- and inter-molecular transitions that occur that cause transmembrane LRR proteins to switch between off and on states? How do plants use LRR receptor proteins to activate disease resistance? Can we synthetically evolve new LRR proteins that have acquired new ligand specificities?
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Kadın Çalışanların Yöneticilere İlişkin Algıları: Bir Alan Çalışması
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İsmail BAKAN
2013-09-01
Full Text Available İşletmelerde yönetim kademesinde yer alan kişilerin ne tür bir liderlik tarzına sahip oldukları çalışanların davranışları ve işletmeye ilişkin tutumları üzerinde önemli etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle işletmelerdeki yöneticilerin liderlik tarzlarının çalışanlar açısından nasıl algılandığının tespit edilerek ortaya konulması yöneticiler tarafından başarılı bir yönetim sergilenmesinde yol gösterici olacaktır. Literatürde liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin çeşitli ayrımlar bulunmakta olup bu çalışmada öncelikle liderlik kavramı ve liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin genel bilgiler verilerek, daha sonra otokratik, demokratik ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik tarzları açıklanacaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise Kahramanmaraş’ta lokomotif sektör olarak görülen tekstil sektöründe, kadın çalışanların çalıştıkları işletmelerde bulunan yöneticilerin, liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin algılarını ölçmek amacıyla yapılan bir alan araştırmasına yer verilecektir.
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Regulation of the transient receptor potential channel TRPA1 by its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Zayats, Vasilina; Samad, Abdul; Minofar, Babak; Roelofs, K. E.; Stockner, T.; Ettrich, Rüdiger
2012-01-01
Roč. 19, č. 11 (2012), s. 4689-4700 ISSN 1610-2940 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP207/10/1934 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : ankyrin repeat * EF-hand * familial episodic pain syndrom * TRPA1 Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 1.984, year: 2012
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Zeng, Canjun; Goodluck, Helen; Qin, Xuezhong; Liu, Bo; Mohan, Subburaman; Xing, Weirong
2016-10-01
Leucine-rich repeat kinase-1 (Lrrk1) consists of ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a GTPase-like domain of Roc (ROC), a COR domain, a serine/threonine kinase domain (KD), and WD40 repeats (WD40). Previous studies have revealed that knockout (KO) of Lrrk1 in mice causes severe osteopetrosis, and a human mutation of Lrrk1 leads to osteosclerotic metaphysial dysplasia. The molecular mechanism by which Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function is unknown. In this study, we generated a series of Lrrk1 mutants and evaluated their ability to rescue defective bone resorption in Lrrk1-deficient osteoclasts by use of pit formation assays. Overexpression of Lrrk1 or LRR-truncated Lrrk1, but not ANK-truncated Lrrk1, WD40-truncated Lrrk1, Lrrk1-KD, or K651A mutant Lrrk1, rescued bone resorption function of Lrrk1 KO osteoclasts. We next examined whether RAC1/Cdc42 small GTPases are direct substrates of Lrrk1 in osteoclasts. Western blot and pull-down assays revealed that Lrrk1 deficiency in osteoclasts resulted in reduced phosphorylation and activation of RAC1/Cdc42. In vitro kinase assays confirmed that recombinant Lrrk1 phosphorylated RAC1-GST protein, and immunoprecipitation showed that the interaction of Lrrk1 with RAC1 occurred within 10 min after RANKL treatment. Overexpression of constitutively active Q61L RAC1 partially rescued the resorptive function of Lrrk1-deficient osteoclasts. Furthermore, lack of Lrrk1 in osteoclasts led to reduced autophosphorylation of p21 protein-activated kinase-1 at Ser 144 , catalyzed by RAC1/Cdc42 binding and activation. Our data indicate that Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function by directly modulating phosphorylation and activation of small GTPase RAC1/Cdc42 and that its function depends on ANK, ROC, WD40, and kinase domains. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.
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Samuel, Marcus A.; Mudgil, Yashwanti; Salt, Jennifer N.; Delmas, Frédéric; Ramachandran, Shaliny; Chilelli, Andrea; Goring, Daphne R.
2008-01-01
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encompasses multiple receptor kinase families with highly variable extracellular domains. Despite their large numbers, the various ligands and the downstream interacting partners for these kinases have been deciphered only for a few members. One such member, the S-receptor kinase, is known to mediate the self-incompatibility (SI) response in Brassica. S-receptor kinase has been shown to interact and phosphorylate a U-box/ARM-repeat-containing E3 ligase, ARC1, which, in turn, acts as a positive regulator of the SI response. In an effort to identify conserved signaling pathways in Arabidopsis, we performed yeast two-hybrid analyses of various S-domain receptor kinase family members with representative Arabidopsis plant U-box/ARM-repeat (AtPUB-ARM) E3 ligases. The kinase domains from S-domain receptor kinases were found to interact with ARM-repeat domains from AtPUB-ARM proteins. These kinase domains, along with M-locus protein kinase, a positive regulator of SI response, were also able to phosphorylate the ARM-repeat domains in in vitro phosphorylation assays. Subcellular localization patterns were investigated using transient expression assays in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells and changes were detected in the presence of interacting kinases. Finally, potential links to the involvement of these interacting modules to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. Interestingly, AtPUB9 displayed redistribution to the plasma membrane of BY-2 cells when either treated with ABA or coexpressed with the active kinase domain of ARK1. As well, T-DNA insertion mutants for ARK1 and AtPUB9 lines were altered in their ABA sensitivity during germination and acted at or upstream of ABI3, indicating potential involvement of these proteins in ABA responses. PMID:18552232
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20. Yüzyıl Âşıklık Geleneğinde Gezginci Bir Âşık: Âşık Talibî Coşkun
CERRAHOĞLU, Münir
2013-01-01
Âşık Talibî Coşkun, yaşadığı dönemde unutulmaya yüz tutan âşıklık geleneğine hizmetleri olmuş 20. yüzyılın önemli âşıklarından biridir. Sanatıyla ve eserleriyle edebiyatımıza önemli katkıları olmuş hacimli destanlarıyla adından “destan şairi” olarak söz ettirmiştir. Çok yer gezmesi onu bir “gezgin” ve aynı zamanda bir “gezginci âşık” olmasını sağlamış; bu nedenle kendisi “İkinci Evliya Çelebi, 20. Yüzyılın Evliya Çelebisi, Turizm Halk Şairi” gibi sıfatlarla anılmıştır. Eserlerinde halkın zevk...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kadir TUNA
2014-04-01
Full Text Available Bu makale, portföy yatırımlarında bir karar destek sistemi olarak rejim geçişken modellerin ne şekilde kullanılabileceğini gelişmekte olan hisse senedi piyasalarına ait zaman serilerini ve Gauss yazılım programını kullanarak incelemektedir. Yönetim bilişim sistemlerinde, model riskinin minimize edilmesi, karar destek siteminin uygulanacağı problemin net olarak tanımlanması ve bu problemin çözümünde kullanılacak modelin doğru seçilmesi ile mümkündür. Ekonometrik testlerin sonuçları, Ukrayna hariç, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde hisse senetleri piyasalarında 09/01/2004-13/09/2007 tarihleri arasında, ABD hisse senedi piyasaları ile karşılaştırıldığında kalıcı bir volatilitenin gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye, Rusya, Ukrayna, Brezilya, Lübnan, ABD (Dow Jones Industrial Average ve MSCI (Morgan Stanley Composite Index hisse senedi piyasalarında rejim geçişkenliği ekonometrik olarak karşılaştırmalı incelenmiştir.
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GENÇ PARTİ'Yİ ANLAMAK (Parti, Lider ve Kitle Üzerine Bir Çalısma)
TÜRK, Hasan Bahadır
2007-01-01
Türk, Hasan Bahadır, Genç Parti’yi Anlamak: Parti, Lider ve Kitle Üzerine BirÇalısma, Doktora Tezi, Danısman: Doç.Dr. Aykut Çelebi, 399 s.ÖZETBu çalısmanın amacı; Genç Parti’nin temel yapısal özelliklerine ısık tutmaktır. Çalısma;Genç Parti’yi lider, kadro, parti tipolojisi, ideoloji ve söylem gibi parçalarındanhareketle analiz etmeye ve kitleyle kurdugu iliskiyi tartısmaya odaklanacaktır. Çalısma,üç ana bölümden olusmaktadır. lk iki bölümde Uzanlar’ın genel yapısı, yükselis veçöküs süreci Ge...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cheng Yan
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Whether healthy older people can benefit from cognitive training (CogTr remains controversial. This study explored the benefits of CogTr in community dwelling, healthy, older adults and compared the effects of single-domain with multi-domain CogTr interventions. Methods A randomized, controlled, 3-month trial of CogTr with double-blind assessments at baseline and immediate, 6-month and 12-month follow-up after training completion was conducted. A total of 270 healthy Chinese older people, 65 to 75 years old, were recruited from the Ganquan-area community in Shanghai. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: multi-domain CogTr, single-domain CogTr, and a wait-list control group. Twenty-four sessions of CogTr were administrated to the intervention groups over a three-month period. Six months later, three booster training sessions were offered to 60% of the initial training participants. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS, Form A, the Color Word Stroop test (CWST, the Visual Reasoning test and the Trail Making test (TMT were used to assess cognitive function. Results Multi-domain CogTr produced statistically significant training effects on RBANS, visual reasoning, and immediate and delayed memory, while single-domain CogTr showed training effects on RBANS, visual reasoning, word interference, and visuospatial/constructional score (all P Conclusions Cognitive training can improve memory, visual reasoning, visuospatial construction, attention and neuropsychological status in community-living older people and can help maintain their functioning over time. Multi-domain CogTr enhanced memory proficiency, while single-domain CogTr augmented visuospatial/constructional and attention abilities. Multi-domain CogTr had more advantages in training effect maintenance. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-09000732.
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Structural Basis for Endosomal Targeting by the Bro1 Domain
Kim, Jaewon; Sitaraman, Sujatha; Hierro, Aitor; Beach, Bridgette M.; Odorizzi, Greg; Hurley, James H.
2010-01-01
Summary Proteins delivered to the lysosome or the yeast vacuole via late endosomes are sorted by the ESCRT complexes and by associated proteins, including Alix and its yeast homolog Bro1. Alix, Bro1, and several other late endosomal proteins share a conserved 160 residue Bro1 domain whose boundaries, structure, and function have not been characterized. The crystal structure of the Bro1 domain of Bro1 reveals a folded core of 367 residues. The extended Bro1 domain is necessary and sufficient for binding to the ESCRT-III subunit Snf7 and for the recruitment of Bro1 to late endosomes. The structure resembles a boomerang with its concave face filled in and contains a triple tetratricopeptide repeat domain as a substructure. Snf7 binds to a conserved hydrophobic patch on Bro1 that is required for protein complex formation and for the protein-sorting function of Bro1. These results define a conserved mechanism whereby Bro1 domain-containing proteins are targeted to endosomes by Snf7 and its orthologs. PMID:15935782
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Characterization and expression of the maize β-carbonic anhydrase gene repeat regions.
Tems, Ursula; Burnell, James N
2010-12-01
In maize, carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyzes the first reaction of the C(4) photosynthetic pathway; it catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to bicarbonate and provides an inorganic carbon source for the primary carboxylation reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase. The β-CA isozymes from maize, as well as other agronomically important NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) type C(4) crops, have remained relatively uncharacterized but differ significantly from the β-CAs of other C(4) monocot species primarily due to transcript length and the presence of repeat sequences. This research confirmed earlier findings of repeat sequences in maize CA transcripts, and demonstrated that the gene encoding these transcripts is also composed of repeat sequences. One of the maize CA genes was sequenced and found to encode two domains, with distinct groups of exons corresponding to the repeat regions of the transcript. We have also shown that expression of a single repeat region of the CA transcript produced active enzyme that associated as a dimer and was composed primarily of α-helices, consistent with that observed for other plant CAs. As the presence of repeat regions in the CA gene is unique to NADP-ME type C(4) monocot species, the implications of these findings in the context of the evolution of the location and function of this C(4) pathway enzyme are strongly suggestive of CA gene duplication resulting in an evolutionary advantage and a higher photosynthetic efficiency. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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Bir Felaketin Anatomisi Bazar de La Charite Yangını
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Anıl Özgüç
2011-12-01
Full Text Available Bazar de la Charite, 1885 yılında Katolik Fransız Aristokratlan tarafından yardım ve hayır amacıyla Paris'de kurulmuştur. 1897 yılında yangına kadar yıllık bir organizasyon olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Yangında çoğu aristokrat 126 kişi hayatmı kaybetmiştir. Yangının ardından 30 ceset yakınlan tarafından teşhis edilememiş, kimliklendirme amacıyla diş hekimlerine başvurulmuştur. Dr. Oscar Amoedo'nun yürüttüğü çalışmalann sonucunda teşhis edilemeyen cesetler kimliklendirilmiştir. Dr. Oscar Amoedo, yangın sonrası kimliklendirmede diş hekimlerinin rolünü anlatan makalesi ve ardından yayınladığı “L'Art dentaire en Medecine Legale” adlı kitabıyla adli odontolojinin temellerini kurmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Bazar de la Charite, adli odontoloji, yangın, Paris
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Engineered bacterial hydrophobic oligopeptide repeats in a synthetic yeast prion, [REP-PSI+
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Fátima eGasset-Rosa
2015-04-01
Full Text Available The yeast translation termination factor Sup35p, by aggregating as the [PSI+] prion, enables ribosomes to read-through stop codons, thus expanding the diversity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. Yeast prions are functional amyloids that replicate by templating their conformation on native protein molecules, then assembling as large aggregates and fibers. Prions propagate epigenetically from mother to daughter cells by fragmentation of such assemblies. In the N-terminal prion-forming domain, Sup35p has glutamine/asparagine-rich oligopeptide repeats (OPRs, which enable propagation through chaperone-elicited shearing. We have engineered chimeras by replacing the polar OPRs in Sup35p by up to five repeats of a hydrophobic amyloidogenic sequence from the synthetic bacterial prionoid RepA-WH1. The resulting hybrid, [REP-PSI+], i was functional in a stop codon read-through assay in S. cerevisiae; ii generates weak phenotypic variants upon both its expression or transformation into [psi-] cells; iii these variants correlated with high molecular weight aggregates resistant to SDS during electrophoresis; and iv according to fluorescence microscopy, the fusion of the prion domains from the engineered chimeras to the reporter protein mCherry generated perivacuolar aggregate foci in yeast cells. All these are signatures of bona fide yeast prions. As assessed through biophysical approaches, the chimeras assembled as oligomers rather than as the fibers characteristic of [PSI+]. These results suggest that it is the balance between polar and hydrophobic residues in OPRs what determines prion conformational dynamics. In addition, our findings illustrate the feasibility of enabling new propagation traits in yeast prions by engineering OPRs with heterologous amyloidogenic sequence repeats.
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DEMIRKOL, Omer Faruk
2018-01-01
İnsanlar toplum içindeyaşarlar. Toplum içinde yaşamanın doğal bir sonucu olarak da geçimlerinisağlamaları için gelir getirecek bir işte çalışmaları gerekir. Doğası gereği her meslek kutsal ve zordur,fakat bazı meslekler diğerlerine göre daha yıpratıcıdır. Bu durum meslek ileuğraşanların zamanla motivasyonlarının düşmesine, yaptıkları işten zevk almamalarına,gün geçtikçe umutsuzluğa kapılmalarına vb. nedenlere yol açar. Tükenmişlikdenilen bu sendroma uğrayan meslek dallarından biri d...
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Türkiye’de Denizcilik Eğitiminin Geleceğine Yönelik Nicel Bir Çalışma Örneği
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Ünal ÖZDEMİR
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışma ile ülkemizde yükseköğretim kurumuna (YÖK bağlı denizcilik eğitimi veren lisans düzeyindeki bölümlerde yer alan öğretim üyelerine yönelik kantitatif bir araştırma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Lisans düzeyinde denizcilik eğitimi veren deniz ulaştırma işletme ve gemi makinaları işletme mühendisliği bölümleri kapsamında yer alan öğretim üyeleri çalışmanın ana kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bölümlerin eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerini yerine getirebilmeleri için gerekliliklerini sağlama konusunda yaşanan sorunların, yeni kurulan fakülte ve yüksekokul sayılarının artması ile birlikte daha da çarpıcı boyuta geleceği tahmin edilmektedir. Çalışmada probleme neden olan etkenler kantitatif teknikler yardımı ile incelenmiş ve soruna yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Probleme neden olan çeşitli etkenler bir araya getirilerek, bu etkenlerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri ve önem dereceleri bulanık AHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ve soruna çözüm sunabilecek çözüm önerileri arasında da bir değerlendirme yapabilmesi adına bulanık TOPSIS (Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution yönteminin ele alındığı bir model yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre öğretim üyesi sayısının yeterli sayıda olmayışının temel nedenlerinden bazıları sırasıyla; “akademisyen ücretlerinin düşüklüğü”, “denizde çalışanlar için yüksek ücret imkânı”, “üniversiteler tarafından yeteri sayıda akademik kadronun açılmaması” olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu soruna çözüm getirebilecek en önemli alternatiflerden bazıları ise; “akademisyenlik mesleğine olan ilginin arttırılması, özendirilmesi ve öğrencilerin bu alana yönlendirilmesi”, “YÖK’ün istemiş olduğu gerekliliklerin denizcilik eğitimi veren kurumlar için farklı kategoride d
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Sengupta, Dipanwita; Kang, Dae-Joong; Anaya-Bergman, Cecilia; Wyant, Tiana; Ghosh, Arnab K; Miyazaki, Hiroshi; Lewis, Janina P
2014-06-01
Prevotella intermedia is an oral bacterium implicated in a variety of oral diseases. Although internalization of this bacterium by nonphagocytic host cells is well established, the molecular players mediating the process are not well known. Here, the properties of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain protein, designated AdpF, are described. This protein contains a leucine-rich region composed of 663 amino acid residues, and molecular modeling shows that it folds into a classical curved solenoid structure. The cell surface localization of recombinant AdpF (rAdpF) was confirmed by electron and confocal microscopy analyses. The recombinant form of this protein bound fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the protein was internalized by host cells, with the majority of the process accomplished within 30 min. The internalization of rAdpF was inhibited by nystatin, cytochalasin, latrunculin, nocodazole, and wortmannin, indicating that microtubules, microfilaments, and signal transduction are required for the invasion. It is noteworthy that preincubation of eukaryotic cells with AdpF increased P. intermedia 17 internalization by 5- and 10-fold for HeLa and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines, respectively. The addition of the rAdpF protein was also very effective in inducing bacterial internalization into the oral epithelial cell line HN4, as well as into primary cells, including human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, cells exposed to P. intermedia 17 internalized the bacteria more readily upon reinfection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that rAdpF plays a role in the internalization of P. intermedia 17 by a variety of host cells.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arzu ATİK
2013-07-01
Full Text Available In classical Turkish literature, masnavi poetry has a significant place. Husrev ü Şirin is a popular masnavi in both Turkish and Persian literatures. Husrev ü Şirin is the first masnavi written by Celilî who has works in both types of ghazal and masnavi in 16th century. This masnavi tells the story of Husrev-i Perviz who was one of the Sassanid monarchs and Şirin whose there are different narratives about her in literary sources, there is also a third character named Ferhad. Celilî prefers to construct the story by highlighting the love between Husrev and Şirin. There have been three discovered copy of the masnavi of Celilî; when a copy of Husrev ü Şirin is reconnoitred during the researches for cataloguing of “Millet Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi Türkçe ve Farsça Yazma Eserlerin Yeniden Kataloglanması Projesi” it is revealed that the text is a new copy of Celilî’s work. This copy draws attention by the reason of the fact that it is a new copy of Husrev ü Şirin and also, example of different copying style. Additionally, one of its important feature is that the masnavi is copied by a female copiest named Şerife Kâmile binti Mehmed Ataullah. In this article, firstly some information about Celilî and his works are going to be given and some features are going to be expressed by comparing studies about Husrev ü Şirin and this new discovered copy.The acquired information about the female copyist, Şerife Kâmile binti Mehmed Ataullah is also going to be given. Klasik Türk edebiyatında mesnevi nazım şekli önemli bir yer tutar. 16. yüzyılda hem mesnevi hem de gazel nazım şekliyle şiirler kaleme almış Celilî’nin ilk mesnevisi Husrev ü Şirin’dir. Bu mesnevi, İran ve Türk edebiyatında sevilen bir mesnevidir. Sasani hükümdarlarından Husrev-i Perviz ve kaynaklarda hakkında farklı rivayetler bulunan Şirin’in aşk hikâyesinin anlatıldığı bu mesnevide üçüncü bir kahraman olarak Ferhad da vard
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Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Ölçümü İçin Çok Kriterli Bir Çerçeve: Henkel Örneği
Ahmet Öztel; Mehmet Said Köse; İhsan Aytekin
2012-01-01
Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performans ölçümü, kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik yönlerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu üç boyutun tek bir boyuta indirgenmesinde sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri, bu değişkenlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi için kullanışlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden uzlaşık programlama (compromise programing) çerçevesi kullanılarak Henkel firmasının kurumsal sürdürülebil...
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Fenyk, Stepan; Dixon, Christopher H.; Gittens, William H.; Townsend, Philip D.; Sharples, Gary J.; Pålsson, Lars-Olof; Takken, Frank L. W.; Cann, Martin J.
2016-01-01
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins enable plants to recognize and respond to pathogen attack. Previously, we demonstrated that the Rx1 NLR of potato is able to bind and bend DNA in vitro. DNA binding in situ requires its genuine activation following pathogen perception. However, it is unknown whether other NLR proteins are also able to bind DNA. Nor is it known how DNA binding relates to the ATPase activity intrinsic to NLR switch function required to immune activation. Here we investigate these issues using a recombinant protein corresponding to the N-terminal coiled-coil and nucleotide-binding domain regions of the I-2 NLR of tomato. Wild type I-2 protein bound nucleic acids with a preference of ssDNA ≈ dsDNA > ssRNA, which is distinct from Rx1. I-2 induced bending and melting of DNA. Notably, ATP enhanced DNA binding relative to ADP in the wild type protein, the null P-loop mutant K207R, and the autoactive mutant S233F. DNA binding was found to activate the intrinsic ATPase activity of I-2. Because DNA binding by I-2 was decreased in the presence of ADP when compared with ATP, a cyclic mechanism emerges; activated ATP-associated I-2 binds to DNA, which enhances ATP hydrolysis, releasing ADP-bound I-2 from the DNA. Thus DNA binding is a general property of at least a subset of NLR proteins, and NLR activation is directly linked to its activity at DNA. PMID:26601946
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Fenyk, Stepan; Dixon, Christopher H; Gittens, William H; Townsend, Philip D; Sharples, Gary J; Pålsson, Lars-Olof; Takken, Frank L W; Cann, Martin J
2016-01-15
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins enable plants to recognize and respond to pathogen attack. Previously, we demonstrated that the Rx1 NLR of potato is able to bind and bend DNA in vitro. DNA binding in situ requires its genuine activation following pathogen perception. However, it is unknown whether other NLR proteins are also able to bind DNA. Nor is it known how DNA binding relates to the ATPase activity intrinsic to NLR switch function required to immune activation. Here we investigate these issues using a recombinant protein corresponding to the N-terminal coiled-coil and nucleotide-binding domain regions of the I-2 NLR of tomato. Wild type I-2 protein bound nucleic acids with a preference of ssDNA ≈ dsDNA > ssRNA, which is distinct from Rx1. I-2 induced bending and melting of DNA. Notably, ATP enhanced DNA binding relative to ADP in the wild type protein, the null P-loop mutant K207R, and the autoactive mutant S233F. DNA binding was found to activate the intrinsic ATPase activity of I-2. Because DNA binding by I-2 was decreased in the presence of ADP when compared with ATP, a cyclic mechanism emerges; activated ATP-associated I-2 binds to DNA, which enhances ATP hydrolysis, releasing ADP-bound I-2 from the DNA. Thus DNA binding is a general property of at least a subset of NLR proteins, and NLR activation is directly linked to its activity at DNA. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sevda ÖNAL
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Tulip as a flower originated in Asia is a cultivated plant which has taken place in Asian, Anatolian and European cultures being from a religious symbolism to special conceptualization, from daily life to elite palace culture. This wild flower of Asia has acquired to be a cultivatedplant in Anatolia.The history of the fondness for Tulip called Tulipomania inwestern culture and Anatolia begins in the sixteenth century. Followingthis period, particularly in Istanbul, growing a new type of tulip madeits addicted people and poets excited to name it, and the person whogave the most beautiful name as well as raising it was awarded.The best examples of this tradition which can be considered theherald of the reflection of social life to the literature are Esâmî-i Lâlepoems. The poetry firstly written on Tulip types in the seventeenthcentury has become the herald of the different and new type of poetry inclassical literature tradition.In the poems of Esâmî-i Lâle meant tulip names, in each line, oneor more tulip name is evaluated by means of several meanings. Thetulip names mostly with a double entendre (tevriye use have a symbolicassociation in addition to the real meaning. Further, the words andconstitutions (terkip including the concepts of flower culture andIstanbul tulip in each line have been used together.In this study, the first two lines (matla about Esâmî-i Lâle takingplace in Hâtif Divani have been comprehensively examined in a formalway. Asya kökenli bir çiçek olan lale, Asya, Anadolu ve Avrupa kültürlerinde gündelik hayattan yüksek saray kültürüne, dini sembolizmden özel kavramlaşmalara kadar yer edinmiş bir kültür bitkisidir. Asya’nın bu yabani çiçeği bir kültür bitkisi olma vasfını Anadolu’da kazanır.Batı kültüründe ve Anadolu’da Tulipomania olarak adlandırılan lale deliliğinin tarihi XVI. yüzyılda başlar. Bu tarihten sonra özellikle İstanbul’da, yeni bir lalenin yetiştirilmesi lale
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Vibha Gupta
Full Text Available Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, a dreaded pathogen, has a unique cell envelope composed of high fatty acid content that plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (ACC, an important enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of fatty acid biosynthesis, is biotinylated by biotin acetyl-CoA carboxylase ligase (BirA. The ligand-binding loops in all known apo BirAs to date are disordered and attain an ordered structure only after undergoing a conformational change upon ligand-binding. Here, we report that dehydration of Mtb-BirA crystals traps both the apo and active conformations in its asymmetric unit, and for the first time provides structural evidence of such transformation. Recombinant Mtb-BirA was crystallized at room temperature, and diffraction data was collected at 295 K as well as at 120 K. Transfer of crystals to paraffin and paratone-N oil (cryoprotectants prior to flash-freezing induced lattice shrinkage and enhancement in the resolution of the X-ray diffraction data. Intriguingly, the crystal lattice rearrangement due to shrinkage in the dehydrated Mtb-BirA crystals ensued structural order of otherwise flexible ligand-binding loops L4 and L8 in apo BirA. In addition, crystal dehydration resulted in a shift of approximately 3.5 A in the flexible loop L6, a proline-rich loop unique to Mtb complex as well as around the L11 region. The shift in loop L11 in the C-terminal domain on dehydration emulates the action responsible for the complex formation with its protein ligand biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP domain of ACCA3. This is contrary to the involvement of loop L14 observed in Pyrococcus horikoshii BirA-BCCP complex. Another interesting feature that emerges from this dehydrated structure is that the two subunits A and B, though related by a noncrystallographic twofold symmetry, assemble into an asymmetric dimer representing the ligand-bound and ligand-free states of the protein, respectively. In
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Solution structure of telomere binding domain of AtTRB2 derived from Arabidopsis thaliana
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yun, Ji-Hye [Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Won Kyung [Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Heeyoun [Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Eunhee; Cheong, Chaejoon [Magnetic Resonance Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883 (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Myeon Haeng [Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Weontae, E-mail: wlee@spin.yonsei.ac.kr [Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of)
2014-09-26
Highlights: • We have determined solution structure of Myb domain of AtTRB2. • The Myb domain of AtTRB2 is located in the N-terminal region. • The Myb domain of AtTRB2 binds to plant telomeric DNA without fourth helix. • Helix 2 and 3 of the Myb domain of AtTRB2 are involved in DNA recognition. • AtTRB2 is a novel protein distinguished from other known plant TBP. - Abstract: Telomere homeostasis is regulated by telomere-associated proteins, and the Myb domain is well conserved for telomere binding. AtTRB2 is a member of the SMH (Single-Myb-Histone)-like family in Arabidopsis thaliana, having an N-terminal Myb domain, which is responsible for DNA binding. The Myb domain of AtTRB2 contains three α-helices and loops for DNA binding, which is unusual given that other plant telomere-binding proteins have an additional fourth helix that is essential for DNA binding. To understand the structural role for telomeric DNA binding of AtTRB2, we determined the solution structure of the Myb domain of AtTRB2 (AtTRB2{sub 1–64}) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, the inter-molecular interaction between AtTRB2{sub 1–64} and telomeric DNA has been characterized by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and NMR titration analyses for both plant (TTTAGGG)n and human (TTAGGG)n telomere sequences. Data revealed that Trp28, Arg29, and Val47 residues located in Helix 2 and Helix 3 are crucial for DNA binding, which are well conserved among other plant telomere binding proteins. We concluded that although AtTRB2 is devoid of the additional fourth helix in the Myb-extension domain, it is able to bind to plant telomeric repeat sequences as well as human telomeric repeat sequences.
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Identification of the functional domains of ANT-1, a novel coactivator of the androgen receptor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fan Shuli; Goto, Kiminobu; Chen Guangchun; Morinaga, Hidetaka; Nomura, Masatoshi; Okabe, Taijiro; Nawata, Hajime; Yanase, Toshihiko
2006-01-01
Previously, we identified a transcriptional coactivator for the activation function-1 (AF-1) domain of the human androgen receptor (AR) and designated it androgen receptor N-terminal domain transactivating protein-1 (ANT-1). This coactivator, which contains multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs from amino acid (aa) 294, is identical to a component of U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and binds specifically to the AR or glucocorticoid receptor. Here, we identified four distinct functional domains. The AR-AF-1-binding domain, which bound to either aa 180-360 or 360-532 in AR-AF-1, clearly overlapped with TAU-1 and TAU-5. This domain and the subnuclear speckle formation domain in ANT-1 were assigned within the TPR motifs, while the transactivating and nuclear localization signal domains resided within the N-terminal sequence. The existence of these functional domains may further support the idea that ANT-1 can function as an AR-AF-1-specific coactivator while mediating a transcription-splicing coupling
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carmen L. Bayly
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Modular polyketide synthases (mPKSs build functionalized polymeric chains, some of which have become blockbuster therapeutics. Organized into repeating clusters (modules of independently-folding domains, these assembly-line-like megasynthases can be engineered by introducing non-native components. However, poor introduction points and incompatible domain combinations can cause both unintended products and dramatically reduced activity. This limits the engineering and combinatorial potential of mPKSs, precluding access to further potential therapeutics. Different regions on a given mPKS domain determine how it interacts both with its substrate and with other domains. Within the assembly line, these interactions are crucial to the proper ordering of reactions and efficient polyketide construction. Achieving control over these domain functions, through precision engineering at key regions, would greatly expand our catalogue of accessible polyketide products. Canonical mPKS domains, given that they are among the most well-characterized, are excellent candidates for such fine-tuning. The current minireview summarizes recent advances in the mechanistic understanding and subsequent precision engineering of canonical mPKS domains, focusing largely on developments in the past year.
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Spinoza’da İnsan Doğası-Siyaset İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Deneme
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Mustafa Yıldız
2012-09-01
Full Text Available ÖzetBu makalenin başlıca amacı, siyaset ile insan doğası arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmektir. Bu konu ile ilgili görüşlerini incelediğimiz Spinoza, insan doğasına en uygun yönetim biçiminin demokrasi olduğunu ileri sürdüğü gibi bunun ontolojik ve epistemolojik temellerini de ortaya koyar. Ontolojik temelde insan, doğanın bir parçası olduğu ölçüde kendi doğasından kaynaklanan her şeyi yapmaya hakkı vardır. Epistemolojik temelde ise insan, doğanın bilgisine sahip olduğu ölçüde var olan doğasını ikinci bir doğaya ulaştıracak siyasal bir örgütlenmeye ihtiyaç duyar. Sonuç olarak Spinoza siyaseti olabildiğince nesnel bir zeminde ele almaya çalışarak evrensel bir siyaset kuramı geliştirir. Siyasal alanda aşılması gereken yol, anlama yetisinin yetkinleşmesiyle hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzlemde insan doğasının ikinci bir doğaya ulaşmasıdır. AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to point to the relationship between politics and human nature. In this regard, as Spinoza pronounces the most appropriate regime to the human nature as democracy, he presents ontological and epistemological basics of this. Human beings, in the ontological basis, are allowed to do anything they desire in the nature as long as they stay a part of the nature. As to in the epistemological basis, human beings are in need of a political organization that will convey its nature to the second nature, to a degree where they possess an acknowledge of the nature. To sum up, Spinoza tries to exhibit a universal ethical and political theory by taking human nature on the objective ground. The way that must be overcome in the political structure is the attainment of the human nature to a second nature where both individual and societal level by maturation of the understanding.RésuméLe but principal de cet article est d’attirer l’attention sur la relation entre la politique et la nature de l’homme. A cet
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Draeger, Christian; Ndinyanka Fabrice, Tohnyui; Gineau, Emilie; Mouille, Grégory; Kuhn, Benjamin M; Moller, Isabel; Abdou, Marie-Therese; Frey, Beat; Pauly, Markus; Bacic, Antony; Ringli, Christoph
2015-06-24
Leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) are extracellular proteins consisting of an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and a C-terminal extensin domain containing the typical features of this class of structural hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs). The LRR domain is likely to bind an interaction partner, whereas the extensin domain has an anchoring function to insolubilize the protein in the cell wall. Based on the analysis of the root hair-expressed LRX1 and LRX2 of Arabidopsis thaliana, LRX proteins are important for cell wall development. The importance of LRX proteins in non-root hair cells and on the structural changes induced by mutations in LRX genes remains elusive. The LRX gene family of Arabidopsis consists of eleven members, of which LRX3, LRX4, and LRX5 are expressed in aerial organs, such as leaves and stem. The importance of these LRX genes for plant development and particularly cell wall formation was investigated. Synergistic effects of mutations with gradually more severe growth retardation phenotypes in double and triple mutants suggest a similar function of the three genes. Analysis of cell wall composition revealed a number of changes to cell wall polysaccharides in the mutants. LRX3, LRX4, and LRX5, and most likely LRX proteins in general, are important for cell wall development. Due to the complexity of changes in cell wall structures in the lrx mutants, the exact function of LRX proteins remains to be determined. The increasingly strong growth-defect phenotypes in double and triple mutants suggests that the LRX proteins have similar functions and that they are important for proper plant development.
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Raspberry Pi Kullanılarak bir Akıllı Ev Uygulaması Geliştirilmesi
YÜZGEÇ, Uğur; ABA, Ömer
2018-01-01
Bu çalışmada Raspberry Pi mikrodenetleyici tabanlı bir akıllı ev uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmakapsamında 64 Bit BCM2837 Chip, 1.2 GHz ARM Cortex A53 dört çekirdekli işlemci özelliklerine sahip RaspberryPi 3 mikrodenetleyici ile ultrasonik, hareket algılayıcı, sıcaklık/nem, titreşim modülü, servo motoru, buzzer (sesmodülü), kamera, ateş algılayıcı, DC motor, LDR, RGB led, tuş takımı, su tespit, RFID kit sensörleri kullanılmıştır.Uygulama kısmında çeşitli senaryo durumları için yapıl...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Veysel İbrahim KARACA
2012-12-01
Full Text Available A society can not live without making contact with other communities. Every community must interact with each other except the non-primitive societies which have been isolated from the world. It is inevitable for languages of communities that have cultural,commercial and social connection not to effect one another.This interaction, taken place from upper culture to sub-culture,producer to consumer, provides the exchange of words through theloaned words. These loaned words as outcomes of communication andmodernity, exist more or less in every languages.Turkish is a language have an interaction with various languagesthrough its history. As in every language, socially, economically,diplomatically and culturally had an interaction, in Turksih also, thereare loaned words from the first written texts to today.In this study, we undertake phonetic occurrences of loaned wordsin Turkish. This study is an synchronic work, based on 10th edition ofTürkçe Sözlük (Türkish Dictionary published by Türk Dil Kurumu (TheInstitution of Turkish Language. The total loaned words which arebelonged to east languages (Arabic, Chines, Ermenian, Iranian,Georgian, Indian, Hebrew, Japanese, Malaysian, Mongolian, Russian,Sudgish, Tibetan and compose the scope of the study, is 8.991. Thedetermination of source of the loaned words are done based on theinformation in Türkçe Sözlük. Our study, limited geographically oneastern languages, is an analyze on %58.63 of total loaned words. Bir toplumun diğer toplumlarla herhangi bir ilişki kurmadan yaşaması mümkün değildir. Dünyadan izole olmuş ilkel toplumlar dışındaki her toplum birbiriyle etkileşimde bulunmak zorundadır. Siyasi, ticari, kültürel ve sosyal ilişkilerle birbirini tanıyan toplumların dillerinin de belli bir ölçüde birbirini etkilemesi kaçınılmazdır.Üst kültürden alt kültüre, üretenden tüketene doğru bir yol izleyen bu etkileşim alıntı sözcükler yoluyla sözcük alış veri
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mehmet ÖZMENLİ
2012-12-01
üvenlik içinde yaşayan toplumun temelini oluşturmaktadır. Devlet ise hukukun hayata geçirilmesi için bir kol ve kanat vazifesi yürüten, insan hak ve özgürlüklerini koruyarak toplumsal barış ve uzlaşıyı sağlayan hâkim hükmündedir.Tarihin birçok devresinde farklı sebeplerden dolayı insanlar kurulu düzene karsı gelerek isyan etmişlerdir. İsyanların temelini bazen sosyal sebepler teşkil ederken, bazen toplumun içinde bulunduğu ekonomik sorunlar isyanları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dini faktörlerinde isyanların üzerinde azımsanmayacak etkisi olmuştur.İtaat toplumsal düzenin sağlanması ve devam etmesi açısından gerekli bir davranıştır. Çünkü otorite pozisyonunda bulunan kişi ya da kişilerin emir ya da isteklerinin yerine getirilmemesi gerek bireysel, gerek kurumsal, gerekse toplumsal açıdan birçok olumsuz sonuç doğurur. İslâm hukukunun birinci kaynağı Kur’an-ı kerîm, meşru hükümete itaat borcunu halka yüklemekte; hükümete de ayaklananlarla harb edip bunları itaate getirmeyi emretmektedirBir devletin sürekliliğinin ve güçlü bir otorite oluşturmasının önündeki engellerin en önemlilerinden biri de iktidara karşı yapılan isyan girişimleridir. Ortaçağ Türk ve İslam devletlerinde de hukuku hiçe sayıp isyan eden birçok topluluklar mevcuttur.Bu çalışmada devletlerin isyanları engellemek için ne gibi tedbirler aldıkları ya da isyan edenleri pasifleştirme politikaları isyankârlara karşı başka isyan etme ihtimali olanları nasıl kendi lehlerine çalıştırdıkları üzerinde durulacaktır.
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Repeating and non-repeating fast radio bursts from binary neutron star mergers
Yamasaki, Shotaro; Totani, Tomonori; Kiuchi, Kenta
2018-04-01
Most fast radio bursts (FRB) do not show evidence of repetition, and such non-repeating FRBs may be produced at the time of a merger of binary neutron stars (BNS), provided that the BNS merger rate is close to the high end of the currently possible range. However, the merger environment is polluted by dynamical ejecta, which may prohibit the radio signal from propagating. We examine this by using a general-relativistic simulation of a BNS merger, and show that the ejecta appears about 1 ms after the rotation speed of the merged star becomes the maximum. Therefore there is a time window in which an FRB signal can reach outside, and the short duration of non-repeating FRBs can be explained by screening after ejecta formation. A fraction of BNS mergers may leave a rapidly rotating and stable neutron star, and such objects may be the origin of repeating FRBs like FRB 121102. We show that a merger remnant would appear as a repeating FRB on a time scale of ˜1-10 yr, and expected properties are consistent with the observations of FRB 121102. We construct an FRB rate evolution model that includes these two populations of repeating and non-repeating FRBs from BNS mergers, and show that the detection rate of repeating FRBs relative to non-repeating ones rapidly increases with improving search sensitivity. This may explain why only the repeating FRB 121102 was discovered by the most sensitive FRB search with Arecibo. Several predictions are made, including the appearance of a repeating FRB 1-10 yr after a BNS merger that is localized by gravitational waves and subsequent electromagnetic radiation.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Takagaki, Yoshio; Manley, J.L.; MacDonald, C.C.; Shenk, T.
1992-01-01
Cleavage stimulation factor is one of the multiple factors required for 3'-end cleavage of mammalian pre-mRNAs. The authors have shown previously that this factor is composed of three subunits with estimated molecular masses of 77, 64, and 50 kDa and that the 64-kDa subunit can be UV-cross linked to RNA in a polyadenylylation signal (AAUAAA)-dependent manner. They have now isolated cDNAs encoding the 64-kDa subunit of human cleavage stimulation factor. The 64-kDa subunit contains a ribonucleoprotein-type RNA binding domain in the N-terminal region and a repeat structure in the C-terminal region in which a pentapeptide sequence (consensus MEARA/G) is repeated 12 times and the formation of a long α-helix stabilized by salt bridges is predicted. An ∼270-amino acid segment surrounding this repeat structure is highly enriched in proline and glycine residues (∼20% for each). When cloned 64-kDa subunit was expressed in Escherichia coli, an N-terminal fragment containing the RNA binding domain bound to RNAs in a polyadenylylation-signal-independent manner, suggesting that the RNA binding domain is directly involved in the binding of the 64-kDa subunit to pre-mRNAs
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Post-modernizm Gelişmek İçin Bir Adım mıdır?
Cirhinlioğlu, Zafer
2003-01-01
Günümüzde dünyanın ikiye bölündüğü yaygın kabul görmektedir; gelişmiş ve gelişmemiş, ülkeler. Gelişmemiş ülkeler sadece bir seçenekle karşı karşıyadırlar artık; gelişmek ya da modernleşmek. Bu dönemde, Batı uygarlığı bazı temel değerlere/kavramlara işaret etmektedir; kapitalizm, bireyselcilik, laiklik, insan hakları, tüketim ve bunlardan önemlisi, rasyonalite. Fakat, Batıdaki aydınlar, Batının, rasyonalite ve özellikle pozitif metodolojinin ilkelerine dayanarak kazandığı, göreli imtiyazları v...
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Topraktan Pestisitlerin Arındırılmasında Önemli Bir Araç: Fitoremediasyon
TİRYAKİ, Osman; POTUR, Tayfun
2018-01-01
Pestisitler bitki koruma önlemleri arasındaen fazla uygulananıdır.Ancak, pestisitlerin tarımsal alanlarda bilinçsiz ve yoğun bir şekilde kullanımı bazı ekosistem problemlerine neden olur.Pestisitlerin sınıflandırma şekillerinden biri de topraktaki yarılanma sürelerine göre yapılanıdır. Bu sınıflandırmada pestisitler kalıcı değil, orta derece kalıcı, kalıcı ve devamlı kalıcı olarak 4 gruba ayrılırlar. Kullanılan pestisitler arasında toprakta çok çabuk parçalananları olduğu gi...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Matsuzaki-Horibuchi, Shiori; Yasuda, Takeshi; Sakaguchi, Nagako; Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro; Akashi, Makoto
2015-01-01
One of the important mechanisms for gastrointestinal (GI) injury following high-dose radiation exposure is apoptosis of epithelial cells. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and cellular IAP2 (cIAP2) are intrinsic cellular inhibitors of apoptosis. In order to study the effects of exogenously added IAPs on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, we constructed bacterial expression plasmids containing genes of XIAP (full-length, BIR2 domain and BIR3-RING domain with and without mutations of auto-ubiquitylation sites) and cIAP2 proteins fused to a protein-transduction domain (PTD) derived from HIV-1 Tat protein (TAT) and purified these cell-permeable recombinant proteins. When the TAT-conjugated IAPs were added to rat intestinal epithelial cells IEC6, these proteins were effectively delivered into the cells and inhibited apoptosis, even when added after irradiation. Our results suggest that PTD-mediated delivery of IAPs may have clinical potential, not only for radioprotection but also for rescuing the GI system from radiation injuries. (author)
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Biyodizel ve Karışımlarının Kullanıldığı bir Dizel Motorda Performans ve Emisyon Analizi
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet Necati ÖZSEZEN
2009-02-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, atık palmiye yağı kökenli biyodizel ve petrol kökenli dizel yakıtı (PKDY ile karışımlarının, bir dizel motordaki performans ve emisyon karakteristikleri üç boyutlu haritalar üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Biyodizel ve karışımlarının performans ve emisyon karakterlerini belirlemek amacıyla, motor tam yük ve değişik devir testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda, karışımdaki biyodizel oranı arttıkça PKDY'a göre özgül yakıt tüketiminde artış olduğu, motorun döndürme momentinde ise azalma meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Emisyon analizi sonucunda ise, karışımdaki biyodizel oranı ile ilişkili olarak PKDY'a kıyasla yanmamış hidrokarbon (HC, karbon monoksit (CO ve duman koyuluğu emisyonlarında iyileşmeler olduğu, bununla birlikte karbon dioksit (CO2 ve azot oksit (NOx emisyonlarının motor devrine göre kararlı bir yapı sergilemediği belirlenmiştir.
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Bir destan kahramanı olarak Alpamış'ın sosyal statüsü
Çetin, Nagihan
2016-01-01
Bu makalede Vadim V. Trepavlov tarafından hazırlanmış olan “Yakut Destan Kahramanının Sosyal Statüsü” isimli makale esas alınarak Alpamış Destanının Kazak varyantı üzerinden Alpamış’ın sosyal statüsü belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Alpamış Destanı “Altay, Kazak, Karakalpak, Özbek, Başkurt Türkleri tarafından bilinen bir destandır. Bu destanın Türk kültüründeki önemini göstermesi bakımından yayılmış olduğu coğrafya önemlidir. Destanda epik Türk destanlarının pek çoğunda görülen çocuksuzluk ve bunun...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Janine Kamke
Full Text Available The candidate phylum Poribacteria is one of the most dominant and widespread members of the microbial communities residing within marine sponges. Cell compartmentalization had been postulated along with their discovery about a decade ago and their phylogenetic association to the Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae superphylum was proposed soon thereafter. In the present study we revised these features based on genomic data obtained from six poribacterial single cells. We propose that Poribacteria form a distinct monophyletic phylum contiguous to the PVC superphylum together with other candidate phyla. Our genomic analyses supported the possibility of cell compartmentalization in form of bacterial microcompartments. Further analyses of eukaryote-like protein domains stressed the importance of such proteins with features including tetratricopeptide repeats, leucin rich repeats as well as low density lipoproteins receptor repeats, the latter of which are reported here for the first time from a sponge symbiont. Finally, examining the most abundant protein domain family on poribacterial genomes revealed diverse phyH family proteins, some of which may be related to dissolved organic posphorus uptake.
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Documentation and localization of force-mediated filamin A domain perturbations in moving cells
Nakamura, Fumihiko; Song, Mia; Hartwig, John H.; Stossel, Thomas P.
2014-08-01
Endogenously and externally generated mechanical forces influence diverse cellular activities, a phenomenon defined as mechanotransduction. Deformation of protein domains by application of stress, previously documented to alter macromolecular interactions in vitro, could mediate these effects. We engineered a photon-emitting system responsive to unfolding of two repeat domains of the actin filament (F-actin) crosslinker protein filamin A (FLNA) that binds multiple partners involved in cell signalling reactions and validated the system using F-actin networks subjected to myosin-based contraction. Expressed in cultured cells, the sensor-containing FLNA construct reproducibly reported FLNA domain unfolding strikingly localized to dynamic, actively protruding, leading cell edges. The unfolding signal depends upon coherence of F-actin-FLNA networks and is enhanced by stimulating cell contractility. The results establish protein domain distortion as a bona fide mechanism for mechanotransduction in vivo.
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Hernández Torres, Jorge; Papandreou, Nikolaos; Chomilier, Jacques
2009-05-01
The co-chaperone Hop [heat shock protein (HSP) organising protein] is known to bind both Hsp70 and Hsp90. Hop comprises three repeats of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, each consisting of three TPR motifs. The first and last TPR domains are followed by a domain containing several dipeptide (DP) repeats called the DP domain. These analyses suggest that the hop genes result from successive recombination events of an ancestral TPR-DP module. From a hydrophobic cluster analysis of homologous Hop protein sequences derived from gene families, we can postulate that shifts in the open reading frames are at the origin of the present sequences. Moreover, these shifts can be related to the presence or absence of biological function. We propose to extend the family of Hop co-chaperons into the kingdom of bacteria, as several structurally related genes have been identified by hydrophobic cluster analysis. We also provide evidence of common structural characteristics between hop and hip genes, suggesting a shared precursor of ancestral TPR-DP domains.
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Ulukapı, Işın; Stich, Herrmann
2012-01-01
ÖZETKronik hipcrpiasük pulpitis (pulpa polipi) kronikBu çalışmada bir pulpa polipi plgusu histolojik olarak incelenmiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Kronik pulpa hastalıkları, kronik hiperplastik pulpitis, pulpa polipi.ABTRACTChronic hyperplastic pulpitis (pulp polyp) is a quite uncommon form of chronic pulp disease. It occurs almost exclusively in children and young adults and involves teeth with large open carious lesions. The hyperplastic tissue is basically granulation tissue and inflammatory cel...
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Bir Üniversitenin Ebelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinde Premenstrual Sendrom
DOĞAN YÜKSEKOL, Özlem
2018-01-01
Premenstruel sendrom en sık ergenlik döneminde görülen, genç kızların yaşamını, derslere devam etme durumunu, okul başarısını ve sosyal yaşamını olumsuz etkileyen bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışma Elazığ Sağlık Yüksekokulu Ebelik bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin premenstruel semptomlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikteki çalışmanın evrenini 2010-2011 eğitim öğretim yılında Fırat Üniversitesi Elazığ Sağlık Yüksekokulu Ebelik bölümü 1., 2. ve 3.sınıf...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gülay KARAMAN
2012-09-01
article these topics are determined in Menâkıbu’l-Ârifîn to analysis: Places, occupations, belongings, manner of dressing, food and drinks, custom and traditions, medical treatments. Arapça bir kelime olan menkabe sözlükte övünülecek güzel iş, davranış anlamına gelmektedir. Çoğulu menâkıb olan kelime bu anlamıyla ilk defa, IX. yüzyıldan itibaren yazılıp derlenmeye başlayan hadis külliyatlarında Hz. Peygamber ve ashabının faziletlerini anlatmak için kullanılmıştır. Bundan başka tarihî şahsiyetlerin hal tercümeleri, önemli kişilerin övülecek işleri ve hatta bazı mukaddes şehirlerin tasvirinden ibaret yazılara da menâkıb denilmiştir. Başlangıçta, Hz. Peygamber ve sahabelerinin üstün ahlâkını ve yaşantılarını anlatmak üzere oluşturulan menâkıbnâmeler daha sonraları tasavvuf ve tarikat erbabının hayatlarını da konu edinmişlerdir. Türk menâkıbnâme edebiyatının bilinen ilk örneği Karahanlı dönemine ait Tezkire-i Satuk Buğra Han isimli eserdir. Tezkire-i Satuk Buğra Han’la başlayan Türk menâkıbnâme edebiyatı, göçlerle Anadolu’ya gelip yerleşen Müslüman Türkler arasında hızlı bir biçimde yayılmaya devam etmiştir. Yazar kendi toplumunun bir üyesi olduğu için doğal olarak eser de kendi çağının sosyal, kültürel ekonomik, politik yaşamına ayna olacaktır. Velilerin olağanüstü hayat hikâyelerini anlatan menâkıbnâmeler bu sebepten dolayı; özellikle tarih, kültür, halkbilimi ve edebiyat için çok önemli bilgi kaynaklarıdır. Menkıbeler üzerinde yapılacak dikkatli çalışmalar sonucunda çok zengin bir bilgi kaynağına ulaşmak mümkün olacaktır. Türkiye’de menâkıbnâmelerin bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılmasına dikkat çeken ilk isim Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar adlı eseriyle Fuad Köprülü’dür. Bu çalışmada Mevlana ve diğer Mevlevi büyüklerinin menkıbelerini anlatan bir menâkıbnâme olan Men
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mustafa AYDEMİR
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Detective novel, formed around an intelligently planned murder and a detective who tries to solve it and find the murderer, shows a significant improvement with the influence of Postmodernism, which rose in the second half of 20th Century. That improvement first shows its face in translation, then writing in Turkish Literature. The history of detective novel, which began to take its place inliterary history due to the emergence of crime and along withurbanization, is as old as the concept of crime history. Having aparticular history, it can be claimed that it prepared the ground for theemergence of novel. However, two major war, which happened in the20th century, has led to a rapid development of the detective novel, thebest way to tell the story of the crimes.Ahmet Ümit’s novel İstanbul Hatırası is important as it shows thechange of detective novel in Turkish novel. A real – up to date and anunreal – historical, two different engaging fictions are being narrated inthat detective novel. Beginning with the murder, a journey to thehistorical sites of Istanbul is made. In addition, the importances ofthese sites, which are close to be destroyed, are pointed out.In this study, after mentioning how detective novel emerged inWest and Turkish Literature and its historic development, Ahmet Ümit’sİstanbul Hatırası has been analyzed and postmodern features in thisnovel has been emphasized. With this method, postmoderncharacteristics of the novel has been taken care in terms of plot, time,place, characters and the classical elements of the novel has beenevaluated with a postmodernist approach. Zekice plânlanmış bir cinayet ve onu çözmeye, katili bulmaya çalışan bir dedektif etrafında şekillenen polisiye roman, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ortaya çıkan postmodernizmin de etkisiyle önemli bir gelişme gösterir. Bu gelişme, Türk edebiyatında önce çeviri, sonra da telif yoluyla kendini gösterir. Suçun ortaya
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A Unified Model for Repeating and Non-repeating Fast Radio Bursts
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bagchi, Manjari
2017-01-01
The model that fast radio bursts (FRBs) are caused by plunges of asteroids onto neutron stars can explain both repeating and non-repeating bursts. If a neutron star passes through an asteroid belt around another star, there would be a series of bursts caused by a series of asteroid impacts. Moreover, the neutron star would cross the same belt repetitively if it were in a binary with the star hosting the asteroid belt, leading to a repeated series of bursts. I explore the properties of neutron star binaries that could lead to the only known repeating FRB so far (FRB121102). In this model, the next two epochs of bursts are expected around 2017 February 27 and 2017 December 18. On the other hand, if the asteroid belt is located around the neutron star itself, then a chance fall of an asteroid from that belt onto the neutron star would lead to a non-repeating burst. Even a neutron star grazing an asteroid belt can lead to a non-repeating burst caused by just one asteroid plunge during the grazing. This is possible even when the neutron star is in a binary with the asteroid-hosting star, if the belt and the neutron star orbit are non-coplanar.
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A Unified Model for Repeating and Non-repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bagchi, Manjari, E-mail: manjari@imsc.res.in [The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc-HBNI), 4th Cross Road, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113 (India)
2017-04-01
The model that fast radio bursts (FRBs) are caused by plunges of asteroids onto neutron stars can explain both repeating and non-repeating bursts. If a neutron star passes through an asteroid belt around another star, there would be a series of bursts caused by a series of asteroid impacts. Moreover, the neutron star would cross the same belt repetitively if it were in a binary with the star hosting the asteroid belt, leading to a repeated series of bursts. I explore the properties of neutron star binaries that could lead to the only known repeating FRB so far (FRB121102). In this model, the next two epochs of bursts are expected around 2017 February 27 and 2017 December 18. On the other hand, if the asteroid belt is located around the neutron star itself, then a chance fall of an asteroid from that belt onto the neutron star would lead to a non-repeating burst. Even a neutron star grazing an asteroid belt can lead to a non-repeating burst caused by just one asteroid plunge during the grazing. This is possible even when the neutron star is in a binary with the asteroid-hosting star, if the belt and the neutron star orbit are non-coplanar.
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Repeatability of Cryogenic Multilayer Insulation
Johnson, W. L.; Vanderlaan, M.; Wood, J. J.; Rhys, N. O.; Guo, W.; Van Sciver, S.; Chato, D. J.
2017-12-01
Due to the variety of requirements across aerospace platforms, and one off projects, the repeatability of cryogenic multilayer insulation (MLI) has never been fully established. The objective of this test program is to provide a more basic understanding of the thermal performance repeatability of MLI systems that are applicable to large scale tanks. There are several different types of repeatability that can be accounted for: these include repeatability between identical blankets, repeatability of installation of the same blanket, and repeatability of a test apparatus. The focus of the work in this report is on the first two types of repeatability. Statistically, repeatability can mean many different things. In simplest form, it refers to the range of performance that a population exhibits and the average of the population. However, as more and more identical components are made (i.e. the population of concern grows), the simple range morphs into a standard deviation from an average performance. Initial repeatability testing on MLI blankets has been completed at Florida State University. Repeatability of five Glenn Research Center (GRC) provided coupons with 25 layers was shown to be +/- 8.4% whereas repeatability of repeatedly installing a single coupon was shown to be +/- 8.0%. A second group of 10 coupons has been fabricated by Yetispace and tested by Florida State University, the repeatability between coupons has been shown to be +/- 15-25%. Based on detailed statistical analysis, the data has been shown to be statistically significant.
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Faraldo-Gómez, José D.
2017-01-01
The membrane transporter anion exchanger 1 (AE1), or band 3, is a key component in the processes of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood and urinary acidification in the renal collecting duct. In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct α-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate. After decades of biochemical and functional studies, the structure of the transmembrane region of AE1, which catalyzes the anion-exchange reaction, has finally been determined. Each protomer of the AE1 dimer comprises two repeats with inverted transmembrane topologies, but the structures of these repeats differ. This asymmetry causes the putative substrate-binding site to be exposed only to the extracellular space, consistent with the expectation that anion exchange occurs via an alternating-access mechanism. Here, we hypothesize that the unknown, inward-facing conformation results from inversion of this asymmetry, and we propose a model of this state constructed using repeat-swap homology modeling. By comparing this inward-facing model with the outward-facing experimental structure, we predict that the mechanism of AE1 involves an elevator-like motion of the substrate-binding domain relative to the nearly stationary dimerization domain and to the membrane plane. This hypothesis is in qualitative agreement with a wide range of biochemical and functional data, which we review in detail, and suggests new avenues of experimentation. PMID:29167180
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Ficici, Emel; Faraldo-Gómez, José D; Jennings, Michael L; Forrest, Lucy R
2017-12-04
The membrane transporter anion exchanger 1 (AE1), or band 3, is a key component in the processes of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood and urinary acidification in the renal collecting duct. In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct α-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate. After decades of biochemical and functional studies, the structure of the transmembrane region of AE1, which catalyzes the anion-exchange reaction, has finally been determined. Each protomer of the AE1 dimer comprises two repeats with inverted transmembrane topologies, but the structures of these repeats differ. This asymmetry causes the putative substrate-binding site to be exposed only to the extracellular space, consistent with the expectation that anion exchange occurs via an alternating-access mechanism. Here, we hypothesize that the unknown, inward-facing conformation results from inversion of this asymmetry, and we propose a model of this state constructed using repeat-swap homology modeling. By comparing this inward-facing model with the outward-facing experimental structure, we predict that the mechanism of AE1 involves an elevator-like motion of the substrate-binding domain relative to the nearly stationary dimerization domain and to the membrane plane. This hypothesis is in qualitative agreement with a wide range of biochemical and functional data, which we review in detail, and suggests new avenues of experimentation. © 2017 Ficici et al.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Timuçin AYKANAT
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Mecmû’a (journal, that is an Arabic word, in Turkish means collecting and gathering together. Moving from that meaning, other works (such as risâle or other voluminous works that contains poetic, nonpoetic or poetic and nonpoetic together expressions that are related also called as mecmû’a. Mecmû’a’s are called differently according to their contents and forms. For instance, while a mecmû’a that contains hadiths is called as “mecmû’atü’l-ehâdis (journal of hadiths” or a mecmua about medicine is called as “mecmû’a-yı tıb (journal of medicine”; likewise a mecmû’a, that contains poems belonging to one or several poets, is called as “mecmû’a-yı eş’âr (journal of poets” Mecmû’as that gained a printed literary work appearance in the process, those mecmû’as that have a literary characteristic in the context of Classical Turkish Literature’s; basically, certain poetry forms (such as mecmû’a-yı gazeliyyât can be classified as: mecmû’as that contain several poets’ dewans (mecmû’atü’t-devâvîn, poems that have the characteristic of being an answer to each other (mecmû’atü’n-nezâ’ir, mecmû’as that named after its compiler (Such as Pervâne Bey Mecmû’ası from the approach of literature, Mecmû’as can offer many conveniences to the researcher as well as can drag him to many faults. For his reason, mecmû’as must be handled elaborately like almost any material. By this article, moving from the thought that determinations and evaluations made on texts present more healthy conclusions, some determinations and evaluations are made on the data from the journal of Millî Kütüphâne Yazmalar Katoloğu (National Library Handwriting Catolog 06 Hk 4041 archive number and Mecmû’a-yı Eş’âr (Journal of Poets name, registered to Şeyh Osmân Şemseddîn. Arapça bir sözcük olan mecmû’a; Türkçede toplamak, bir araya getirmek gibi anlamalarla kar
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Slootweg, E.J.; Spiridon, L.N.; Roosien, J.; Butterbach, P.B.E.; Pomp, H.; Westerhof, L.B.; Wilbers, R.H.P.; Bakker, E.H.; Bakker, J.; Petrescu, A.J.; Smant, G.; Goverse, A.
2013-01-01
Many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular NB-LRR architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain (NB-ARC) is tethered to a leucine-rich repeat sensor domain (LRR). The cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly
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2016-04-01
evaluating the deployment repeatability builds upon the testing or analysis of deployment kinematics (Chapter 6) and adds repetition. Introduction...material yield or failure during a test. For the purposes of this chapter, zero shift will refer to permanent changes in the structure, while reversible ...the content of other chapters in this book: Gravity Compensation (Chapter 4) and Deployment Kinematics and Dynamics (Chapter 6). Repeating the
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Src binds cortactin through an SH2 domain cystine-mediated linkage
Evans, Jason V.; Ammer, Amanda G.; Jett, John E.; Bolcato, Chris A.; Breaux, Jason C.; Martin, Karen H.; Culp, Mark V.; Gannett, Peter M.; Weed, Scott A.
2012-01-01
Summary Tyrosine-kinase-based signal transduction mediated by modular protein domains is critical for cellular function. The Src homology (SH)2 domain is an important conductor of intracellular signaling that binds to phosphorylated tyrosines on acceptor proteins, producing molecular complexes responsible for signal relay. Cortactin is a cytoskeletal protein and tyrosine kinase substrate that regulates actin-based motility through interactions with SH2-domain-containing proteins. The Src kinase SH2 domain mediates cortactin binding and tyrosine phosphorylation, but how Src interacts with cortactin is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Src binds cortactin through cystine bonding between Src C185 in the SH2 domain within the phosphotyrosine binding pocket and cortactin C112/246 in the cortactin repeats domain, independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. Interaction studies show that the presence of reducing agents ablates Src-cortactin binding, eliminates cortactin phosphorylation by Src, and prevents Src SH2 domain binding to cortactin. Tandem MS/MS sequencing demonstrates cystine bond formation between Src C185 and cortactin C112/246. Mutational studies indicate that an intact cystine binding interface is required for Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation, cell migration, and pre-invadopodia formation. Our results identify a novel phosphotyrosine-independent binding mode between the Src SH2 domain and cortactin. Besides Src, one quarter of all SH2 domains contain cysteines at or near the analogous Src C185 position. This provides a potential alternative mechanism to tyrosine phosphorylation for cysteine-containing SH2 domains to bind cognate ligands that may be widespread in propagating signals regulating diverse cellular functions. PMID:23097045
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Src binds cortactin through an SH2 domain cystine-mediated linkage.
Evans, Jason V; Ammer, Amanda G; Jett, John E; Bolcato, Chris A; Breaux, Jason C; Martin, Karen H; Culp, Mark V; Gannett, Peter M; Weed, Scott A
2012-12-15
Tyrosine-kinase-based signal transduction mediated by modular protein domains is critical for cellular function. The Src homology (SH)2 domain is an important conductor of intracellular signaling that binds to phosphorylated tyrosines on acceptor proteins, producing molecular complexes responsible for signal relay. Cortactin is a cytoskeletal protein and tyrosine kinase substrate that regulates actin-based motility through interactions with SH2-domain-containing proteins. The Src kinase SH2 domain mediates cortactin binding and tyrosine phosphorylation, but how Src interacts with cortactin is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Src binds cortactin through cystine bonding between Src C185 in the SH2 domain within the phosphotyrosine binding pocket and cortactin C112/246 in the cortactin repeats domain, independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. Interaction studies show that the presence of reducing agents ablates Src-cortactin binding, eliminates cortactin phosphorylation by Src, and prevents Src SH2 domain binding to cortactin. Tandem MS/MS sequencing demonstrates cystine bond formation between Src C185 and cortactin C112/246. Mutational studies indicate that an intact cystine binding interface is required for Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation, cell migration, and pre-invadopodia formation. Our results identify a novel phosphotyrosine-independent binding mode between the Src SH2 domain and cortactin. Besides Src, one quarter of all SH2 domains contain cysteines at or near the analogous Src C185 position. This provides a potential alternative mechanism to tyrosine phosphorylation for cysteine-containing SH2 domains to bind cognate ligands that may be widespread in propagating signals regulating diverse cellular functions.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Türkan Acar
2018-04-01
terms of facade features. In our study, a typology evaluation was carried out with the locations, physical formations and architectural details of these fountains. In our evaluation of typology, we stated four main groups according to the positions and their physical formations, then subgroups of each group were formed. [TR: Ege Bölgesi’nde, İç Batı Anadolu eşiğinde yer alan Uşak, beş ilçeye ayrılmaktadır. İlin, merkeze ve ilçelere bağlı 265 köyü vardır. 2014-2016 yıllarında il merkezine bağlı doksan köyde araştırmalar yapılmış ve 75 çeşme tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu 75 çeşmeden sadece 12’si tescillidir. Çalışmamızda bu çeşmelerin konumları, kütle biçimlenişleri ve mimari detayları ile bir tipoloji değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Tipoloji değerlendirmemizde çeşmeler konum ve fiziksel biçimlenişe göre dört ana grupta toplanmış; bu gruplar kendi içlerinde alt gruplara ayrılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Uşak merkez köylerde yer alan çeşme örnekleri kütle biçimlenişi bakımından çeşitlilik gösterse de cephe özellikleri açısından tek cephe tasarımıyla dikkat çekmektedir. Fiziksel biçimlenişinde kütle, genellikle dikey dikdörtgendir. Az sayıda da olsa yatay dikdörtgen örneklere de rastlanmaktadır. Cephe kompozisyonunun ana öğesi, sivri, yarım daire, basık ya da dilimli bir kemerdir. Bazı çeşmeler kemersiz olup dikdörtgen bir kütle şeklindedir. Cephe kompozisyonunda kemerlerden sonra ikinci öğe plasterlerdir. Merkez köylerindeki çeşmelerin 28’inde dikey dikdörtgen, 2’sinde yarım silindirik formlu plaster vardır. Çeşme mimarisinde cephe kompozisyonunun bir diğer elemanı ayna taşlarıdır. Bir ayna taşına sahip 22 çeşmenin 17’sinin ayna taşı devşirme mermer, 1’inin mermer ve 4’ünün kesme taştır. İncelediğimiz çeşmelerin 66’sında çeşmeye gelen su, metal bir borudan devamlı akar şekilde gelmektedir. Onarımlar sonrasında bazı
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Permanent Magnet Senkron Bir Motorun Tasarımının Optimizasyonunda Genetik Algoritma Uygulaması
Mutluer, Mümtaz; Bilgin, Osman
2012-01-01
Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorlar, yüksek moment/hacim oranları ve özellikle yüksek verimlerinden dolayı, 1985 yılından itibaren endüstriyel uyuglmarda tercih edilmektedir. Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorların verimini belirleyen temel faktör rotor sargılarının olmaması olsa da, tasarım parametrelerinin ve kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motor tasarım modelinin etkin seçimi de verimi etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma konsantre-sargılı yüzey-mıknatıslı bir kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorun tasarım op...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İsmail YAPRAK
2018-04-01
Full Text Available Marka sadakati, özellikle ürün farklılıklarının yok denecek kadar az olduğu ve rekabetin yoğun olarak yaşandığı pazarlarda işletmelerin pazar paylarını korumak, yeni pazarlara nüfuz etmek ve sürdürülebilir karlılık ile rekabet avantajı sağlaması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. İşletmelerin, markalarına sadık tüketiciler yaratmak için marka sadakatini etkileyen faktörleri bilmeleri marka sadakatinin oluşturulması yönüyle ilk basamağı oluşturmaktadır. Tüketicilerin kişilik özelliklerinin satın alma karar sürecinde tüketicinin ürün veya marka tercihini önemli ölçüde etkilediği yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu amaçla çalışmamız tüketicilerin kişilik özellikleriyle marka sadakati arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı konusu üzerine odaklanmıştır. Veriler Kayseri’de okuyan 582 üniversite öğrencisine anket yöntemi uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri sonucunda marka sadakati ile uyumluluk arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmış olup diğer bağımsız değişkenler ile arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların demografik özelliklerinden aylık harcama tutarı ile marka sadakati arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lilic, Mirjana; Quezada, Cindy M.; Stebbins, C. Erec
2010-01-01
The cytoplasmic domain of Salmonella InvA shares homology to a recurring scaffold in the membrane-spanning components of the type II and type III secretion systems. Protein type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are organic nanosyringes that achieve an energy-dependent translocation of bacterial proteins through the two membranes of Gram-negative organisms. Examples include the pathogenic systems of animals, plants and symbiotic bacteria that inject factors into eukaryotic cells, and the flagellar export system that secretes flagellin. T3SSs possess a core of several membrane-associated proteins that are conserved across all known bacterial species that use this system. The Salmonella protein InvA is one of the most highly conserved proteins of this core of critical T3SS components. The crystal structure of a C-terminal domain of InvA reveals an unexpected homology to domains that have been repeatedly found as building blocks of other elements of the T3SS apparatus. This suggests the surprising hypothesis that evolution has produced a significant component of the apparatus structure through a series of gene-duplication and gene-rearrangement events
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Reconfigurable multiport EPON repeater
Oishi, Masayuki; Inohara, Ryo; Agata, Akira; Horiuchi, Yukio
2009-11-01
An extended reach EPON repeater is one of the solutions to effectively expand FTTH service areas. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable multi-port EPON repeater for effective accommodation of multiple ODNs with a single OLT line card. The proposed repeater, which has multi-ports in both OLT and ODN sides, consists of TRs, BTRs with the CDR function and a reconfigurable electrical matrix switch, can accommodate multiple ODNs to a single OLT line card by controlling the connection of the matrix switch. Although conventional EPON repeaters require full OLT line cards to accommodate subscribers from the initial installation stage, the proposed repeater can dramatically reduce the number of required line cards especially when the number of subscribers is less than a half of the maximum registerable users per OLT. Numerical calculation results show that the extended reach EPON system with the proposed EPON repeater can save 17.5% of the initial installation cost compared with a conventional repeater, and can be less expensive than conventional systems up to the maximum subscribers especially when the percentage of ODNs in lightly-populated areas is higher.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adnan MAZMANOĞLU
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Bu makalemizde doğrudan matematiksel hesaplamalarla ilgili olmakla beraber, indeks veya indeks sayılarının, bir değişkenin veya değişkenler grubunun zaman veya mekân (bölge içerisindeki değişimlerini gösteren istatistiksel bir ölçü olduğunu derinlemesine incelemeye çalışacağız (Yoğurtçugil, 1977. İşletme, İktisat ile ilgili konularda kullanılması yaygın olmakla beraber diğer alanlarda da kullanılan indeks, ekonomik yaşamın vazgeçilmez kavramları olan fiyat veya miktar karşılaştırmaları yapmak, üretim veya fiyatların zaman içindeki gelişmelerini izlemek indekslerle mümkündür. Fiyatlardaki, üretimdeki ve yaşama düzeylerindeki değişimi ölçmekten başka, farklı yıllar ya da farklı bölgeler için öğrencilerin zekâ oranlarını karşılaştırmak da indekslerle (indeks sayılarıyla yapılabilmektedir. Örneğin nasıl ki paranın satın alma gücündeki değişebilirlik nedeniyle anlamlı karşılaştırmalar yapabilmek için bazı malların fiyatları yükseltilirken bazılarınki düşürülüyorsa, bu inceleme için indeksleri bilmenin gerekli olduğunu göstereceğiz ( Akdeniz, 1984.
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Mehmet GÜMÜŞKILIÇ
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Hungary is the place where Turcology studies started in modern terms. For many years Hungarian scientists have been engaged in Turkish studies- as a part of their research of their own roots -. Theyhad great contribution to Turkish language, history, literature,geography, ethnography and music. It may also be supposed thatTurkish Hungarian relations were better than now. However, todayTurkish Hungarian relations have been enjoying a revival again.Considering the closeness of Hungarians and Turks, it is obvious thatthe two nations share some responsibilities in improving their relations.In this article, after organizing the names of all the HungarianTurcologs who have conducted studies on Turks after the foundation ofmodern Turcology in alphabetical order, their articles on Turcologyfromoldest to newest will be presented as well as their career lives.Also the lists of some of the studies on some of the Turcologs will begiven. The Hungarian scientists and their studies mentioned in thisarticle do not encompass all of them. If we include other articles, books,presentations, credits, reviews and the studies of other scientists thatwe haven’t been able to mention here, the number will swell and gobeyond the limits of this article. In the future, we hope that furtherdetailed studies will be conducted on Hungarian Turcology. Through anattempt at biyo biography, we have tried to touch briefly on theimportance Hungarians give to Turks.Undoubtedly in the future, Turkish Hungarian relations andfriendship will further improve with the help of further detailed studies.This article will serve its purpose if we have a tiny contribution. Modern anlamda Türkoloji çalışmalarının başladığı yer Macaristan’dır. Macar bilim adamları yıllar boyu -bir bakıma kendi köklerini de arama çabaları sebebiyle- Türklük bilimiyle uğraştılar. Türk diline, tarihine, kültürüne, edebiyatına, coğrafyasına, etnoğrafyasına, musikîsine b
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Cengiz YILMAZ
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Genel olarak kurumlar-arası sistemler (KS olarak bilinen internet tabanlı teknolojiler, işletmeleri tedarik zincirlerindeki ortaklar ile bütünleştirirler ve işletmelere süreçlerini optimize edebilme fırsatı verirler. Bu çalışmada, işletmelerin kendi başarıları yerine tedarik zincirinin bütünününde elde edilebilecek başarıyı hedef alarak, kurumlar-arası sistemlerin işletme performansına olan etkisinde tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin aracılık rolü hakkında daha fazla bilgi sahibi olabilmek için Türk inşaat sektöründe yapılan bir uygulama çalışmasını konu edinmektedir. Türk inşaat sektöründe yapılan bu çalışmadan 138 tane kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir ve çalışma analizleri bu anketlerin verilerine göre yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (Lisrel ile kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, KS kullanımı işletme performansına etki ederken tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin tam bir aracılık rolü üstlendiğini desteklemektedir. Çalışma, bu nedenle tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin kullanımında ve yönetilmesinde ortaklaşa yapılan çalışmaların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Araştırmanın sonunda ise ileride yapılabilecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur Internet based technologies, particularly inter-organizational systems (IOS, integrates firms with their supply chain members and give them the opportunity to optimize their processes. So, by working together, firms achieve greater successes than working alone. This study aims this holistic success instead of individual, so in order to have more information about this issue, it examines the mediation role of supply chain collaboration while inter-organizational systems affect the firm performance. Data are collected from national construction sector and 138 usable responses were taken. The statistical methods used include confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (i.e. LISREL. According to
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Structural analysis of a functional DIAP1 fragment bound to grim and hid peptides.
Wu, J W; Cocina, A E; Chai, J; Hay, B A; Shi, Y
2001-07-01
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein DIAP1 suppresses apoptosis in Drosophila, with the second BIR domain (BIR2) playing an important role. Three proteins, Hid, Grim, and Reaper, promote apoptosis, in part by binding to DIAP1 through their conserved N-terminal sequences. The crystal structures of DIAP1-BIR2 by itself and in complex with the N-terminal peptides from Hid and Grim reveal that these peptides bind a surface groove on DIAP1, with the first four amino acids mimicking the binding of the Smac tetrapeptide to XIAP. The next 3 residues also contribute to binding through hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, peptide binding induces the formation of an additional alpha helix in DIAP1. Our study reveals the structural conservation and diversity necessary for the binding of IAPs by the Drosophila Hid/Grim/Reaper and the mammalian Smac proteins.
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Lingquan Deng
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Damaged cardiac valves attract blood-borne bacteria, and infective endocarditis is often caused by viridans group streptococci. While such bacteria use multiple adhesins to maintain their normal oral commensal state, recognition of platelet sialoglycans provides an intermediary for binding to damaged valvular endocardium. We use a customized sialoglycan microarray to explore the varied binding properties of phylogenetically related serine-rich repeat adhesins, the GspB, Hsa, and SrpA homologs from Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis species, which belong to a highly conserved family of glycoproteins that contribute to virulence for a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens. Binding profiles of recombinant soluble homologs containing novel sialic acid-recognizing Siglec-like domains correlate well with binding of corresponding whole bacteria to arrays. These bacteria show multiple modes of glycan, protein, or divalent cation-dependent binding to synthetic glycoconjugates and isolated glycoproteins in vitro. However, endogenous asialoglycan-recognizing clearance receptors are known to ensure that only fully sialylated glycans dominate in the endovascular system, wherein we find these particular streptococci become primarily dependent on their Siglec-like adhesins for glycan-mediated recognition events. Remarkably, despite an excess of alternate sialoglycan ligands in cellular and soluble blood components, these adhesins selectively target intact bacteria to sialylated ligands on platelets, within human whole blood. These preferred interactions are inhibited by corresponding recombinant soluble adhesins, which also preferentially recognize platelets. Our data indicate that circulating platelets may act as inadvertent Trojan horse carriers of oral streptococci to the site of damaged endocardium, and provide an explanation why it is that among innumerable microbes that gain occasional access to the bloodstream, certain viridans group
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The ligand-binding domain of the cell surface receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Behrendt, N; Ploug, M; Patthy, L
1991-01-01
with the internal repeats of u-PAR constitute the extracellular part of Ly-6 antigens and of the squid glycoprotein Sgp-2. Like u-PAR, these proteins are attached to the membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. The hydrophilic, ligand-binding u-PAR domain identified in the present study has potential...
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Yalçın LÜLECİ
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın devam ettiği günlerde Batılı devletlere karşı Ankara Hükümeti ile Sovyet Rusya arasında kurulan yakın siyasi ilişkiler, Cumhuriyet’in 1923’teki ilanından II. Dünya Savaşı’nın 1945’te sona ermesine kadar devam etmiştir. Bahsedilen dönemde, iki ülke arasında gerçekleşen ve siyasi, askeri ve iktisadi yönleri ağır basan bu ilişkilerin bir boyutunu da sanat oluşturmuştur. Çarlık döneminden sanatsal açıdan önemli bir miras devralan ve sosyalist ideolojinin propagandasında sanata özel bir misyon yükleyen Sovyetler Birliği ile Batılı sanatların eğitimini yaygınlaştırmayı, sanatçıları desteklemeyi ve bunun sonucunda nitelikli sanat eserlerinin üretilmesini, bir “uygarlaşma” ölçüsü olarak gören ve Atatürk ilke ve inkılaplarını halka iletmekte sanatın propaganda gücünden faydalanmayı düşünen Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, özellikle 1930’lu yıllarda sanat alanında bir işbirliğinde bulunmuşlardır. Bu kapsamda, Türk hükümeti tarafından “Cumhuriyet’in Onuncu Yıl Kutlamaları” çerçevesinde Türkiye’ye davet edilen Sovyet sinemacılar tarafından çekimi gerçekleştirilen “Türkiye’nin Kalbi: Ankara” filmi, özel bir anlam ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Sovyetler Birliği arasında sanat alanında gerçekleşen işbirliği ve etkileşimi ele almakta ve bu ilişkinin boyutlarını kapsamlı olarak ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. / During the Independence War, the close political relations established between the governments of Ankara and Soviet Russia against western countries, continued from the declaration of the Republic in 1923 to the end of the World War II in 1945. In that era, the art constituted another dimension of the relations established by these countries that mainly focused on political, military and economic aspects. Both the Soviet Russia, which acquired an
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sahra SAYGAN
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Whistleblowing can be defined as revealing non-ethical events or behaviors (likeproducing harmful foods even though marketing them as they are remedial in anorganization. Organizational Ethical Climate is the second concept used in this work. Itconsists of workers’ opinions about the ethical organizational culture of management. Inthis work the relationship between “whistleblowing” and “ethical climate” is searched.The questionnaire used to evaluate the relationship between whistleblowing and ethicalclimate are applied on 123 research assistants in public universities. In the applicationstudy it’s reached that there is not a significant relationship between whistleblowing andethical climate. Even though it’s found that there is not a significant relationship between“whistleblowing” and “ethical climate”; a small significant relationship is discoveredbetween “whistleblowing” and “benevolent ethical climate”.Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması (Whistleblowing, bir işletmedeki etikolmayan davranış ve olayların açığa çıkarılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Etik iklim iseçalışanların örgüt kültürünün etiksel boyutuyla ilgili gözlem ve görüşlerindenoluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ‘Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması’ ve ‘Etik iklim’arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin mevcut olup olmadığını araştırmaktadır. ‘Ahlaki olmayandavranışların duyurulması’ ve ‘Etik iklim’ arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek için kullanılan anketçalışması devlet üniversitelerindeki 123 araştırma görevlisi üzerinde uygulanmıştır.Uygulama çalışması neticesinde “Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması” ile “Etikİklim” arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmamasına rağmen; etik iklim boyutlarından biriolan “Yardımsever Etik İklim” ile “Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması” arasındaanlamlı bir ilişkinin mevcut olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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Papandreou, Nikolaos; Chomilier, Jacques
2008-01-01
The co-chaperone Hop [heat shock protein (HSP) organising protein] is known to bind both Hsp70 and Hsp90. Hop comprises three repeats of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, each consisting of three TPR motifs. The first and last TPR domains are followed by a domain containing several dipeptide (DP) repeats called the DP domain. These analyses suggest that the hop genes result from successive recombination events of an ancestral TPR–DP module. From a hydrophobic cluster analysis of homologous Hop protein sequences derived from gene families, we can postulate that shifts in the open reading frames are at the origin of the present sequences. Moreover, these shifts can be related to the presence or absence of biological function. We propose to extend the family of Hop co-chaperons into the kingdom of bacteria, as several structurally related genes have been identified by hydrophobic cluster analysis. We also provide evidence of common structural characteristics between hop and hip genes, suggesting a shared precursor of ancestral TPR–DP domains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12192-008-0083-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. PMID:18987995
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mustafa ALKAN
2012-12-01
slam sonrası edebiyatımızda fal ile ilgili eserler görülmektedir.İnsanın geleceğe dair merakını gidermek için kullandığı olaylardan bazıları da Ay veya Güneş tutulması, yeni ay görünmesi, yıldız kayması, şiddetli yağmur veya dolu yağması ya da rüzgâr esmesi, gök kuşağı, şimşek, yıldırım ve deprem gibi bir takım tabiat olaylarıdır. Başka bir deyişle merak hissi, insana tabiat olaylarını kullandırarak gelecekten haber verme konusunda farklı bir yöntem oluşturtmuştur ki buna “melheme” adı verilmektedir. Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatında birçok örneği bulunan melhemeler, eski eserlerimiz arasında önemli bir yekün oluşturmaktadır.Bu melhemelerden biri de Milli Kütüphane 2727 numaralı mecmûada kayıtlı olan manzum bir metindir. Bu metinde ayın hangi burçta olduğunu çıkarma yöntemi ile ayın bulunduğu burca göre yapılması uygun olan ya da olmayan işler anlatılmıştır.İlgili metni konu alan bu çalışmamızda fal ve melhemelerle ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra adı geçen mecmuada kayıtlı bu manzum metin incelenmiş, transkribe edilmiş, ayrıca metinde geçen kelimeleri içeren bir sözlük de yazıya eklenmiştir.
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The Plant Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Kinase PSY1R from Head to Toe
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Oehlenschlæger, Christian Berg
PSY1R belongs to the family of plant leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases that play important roles in processes such as growth regulation and plant immunity response. PSY1R was proposed to be the receptor of the plant peptide hormone PSY1 which promotes cell expansion. PSY1R was furthermore...... is activated. This work provides the first study of the direct interaction between PSY1R and the peptide ligand PSY1. The binding was evaluated both for full length PSY1R expressed in plants and for the isolated extracellular domain expressed in insect cells. PSY1 binds to the extracellular domain of PSY1R...... shown to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of the plasma membrane localized H+-ATPase, AHA2. While the mechanism of PSY1R-mediated AHA2 phosphorylation has previously been studied in detail, little is known about how PSY1R binds PSY1 peptide ligand and how the intracellular PSY1R kinase domain...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Karatas, Hacer; Li, Yangbing; Liu, Liu; Ji, Jiao; Lee, Shirley; Chen, Yong; Yang, Jiuling; Huang, Liyue; Bernard, Denzil; Xu, Jing; Townsend, Elizabeth C.; Cao, Fang; Ran, Xu; Li, Xiaoqin; Wen, Bo; Sun, Duxin; Stuckey, Jeanne A; Lei, Ming; Dou, Yali; Wang, Shaomeng (Michigan)
2017-06-06
We report herein the design, synthesis, and evaluation of macrocyclic peptidomimetics that bind to WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and block the WDR5–mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein–protein interaction. Compound 18 (MM-589) binds to WDR5 with an IC50 value of 0.90 nM (Ki value <1 nM) and inhibits the MLL H3K4 methyltransferase (HMT) activity with an IC50 value of 12.7 nM. Compound 18 potently and selectively inhibits cell growth in human leukemia cell lines harboring MLL translocations and is >40 times better than the previously reported compound MM-401. Cocrystal structures of 16 and 18 complexed with WDR5 provide structural basis for their high affinity binding to WDR5. Additionally, we have developed and optimized a new AlphaLISA-based MLL HMT functional assay to facilitate the functional evaluation of these designed compounds. Compound 18 represents the most potent inhibitor of the WDR5–MLL interaction reported to date, and further optimization of 18 may yield a new therapy for acute leukemia.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Charikleia Ntoliou
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Bu araştırmanın amacı öğrenme güçlükleri olan öğrencilerin genel eğitim sınıflarına bütünleştirilmesinde etkili bir eğitim yöntemi olan Sınıf Genelinde Akran Öğretimi (SGAÖ stratejisini tartışmaktır. SGAÖ‟nün tanıtılmasına ek olarak, bu makale Yunanistan‟da bir ilkokulun ikinci sınıfında sınıf öğretmeninin öğretici bir araştırmacı ile işbirliğine dayalı olarak çalışarak SGAÖ‟nün öğrencilerin sözcük okuma performanslarına etkisinin programa dayalı değerlendirmeler ile incelendiği bir vaka çalışmasını sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı alma riski olan öğrenciler de dahil tüm öğrencilerin performanslarının arttığını göstermektedir. Makale, yöntemin tartışılması ve ileride yapılacak araştırma ve uygulamalara ilişkin öneriler ile son bulmaktadır. The purpose of this article is to discuss ClassWide Peer Tutoring (CWPT strategy as an effective educational procedure in including students with learning disabilities in general education classroom. In addition to describing CWPT, this article mainly presents a case study in which a primary educator teacher worked collaboratively with an educational researcher in a second grade Greek classroom to examine the impact of CWPT on students‟ word-spelling performance, as monitored on curriculum-based assessments. Data were collected by applying pre- and post-tests. Results indicated that all students, including those being at risk of having learning disabilities, improved their performance. The article concludes with a discussion of the procedure and areas of future research and application.
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Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human LR11 Vps10p domain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nakata, Zenzaburo; Nagae, Masamichi; Yasui, Norihisa; Bujo, Hideaki; Nogi, Terukazu; Takagi, Junichi
2010-01-01
LR11/sorLA contains in its extracellular region a large (∼700-residue) Vps10p domain that is implicated in its intracellular protein-trafficking function. Here, the expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic characterization of this domain are described. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) relative with 11 binding repeats (LR11; also known as sorLA) is genetically associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and is thought to be involved in neurodegenerative processes. LR11 contains a vacuolar protein-sorting 10 protein (Vps10p) domain. As this domain has been implicated in protein–protein interaction in other receptors, its structure and function are of great biological interest. Human LR11 Vps10p domain was expressed in mammalian cells and the purified protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Enzymatic deglycosylation of the sample was critical to obtaining diffraction-quality crystals. Deglycosylated LR11 Vps10p-domain crystals belonged to the hexagonal space group P6 1 22. A diffraction data set was collected to 2.4 Å resolution and a clear molecular-replacement solution was obtained
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Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the fourth FAS1 domain of human BigH3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yoo, Ji-Ho; Kim, EungKweon; Kim, Jongsun; Cho, Hyun-Soo
2007-01-01
The crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of the fourth FAS1 domain of human BigH3 are reported. The protein BigH3 is a cell-adhesion molecule induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). It consists of four homologous repeat domains known as FAS1 domains; mutations in these domains have been linked to corneal dystrophy. The fourth FAS1 domain was expressed in Escherichia coli B834 (DE3) (a methionine auxotroph) and purified by DEAE anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The FAS1 domain was crystallized using the vapour-diffusion method. A SAD diffraction data set was collected to a resolution of 2.5 Å at 100 K. The crystal belonged to space group P6 1 or P6 5 and had two molecules per asymmetric unit, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 62.93, c = 143.27 Å, α = β = 90.0, γ = 120.0°
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Türkiye’de Eğitim Ekonomik Büyümeyi Etkiliyor mu? Nedensellik Analizleriyle Bir İnceleme
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Süleyman Yurtkuran
2015-12-01
Full Text Available ÖzBu çalışmada ekonomik büyüme ve eğitim arasındaki ilişkiler Standart Granger nedensellik, Hsiao’nun Granger nedensellik ve Dolado-Lütkepohl VAR nedensellik yöntemleriyle 1950-2012 dönemi Türkiye ekonomisi için ampirik yönden incelenmiştir. Ekonometrik analizler, ekonomik büyümeden yükseköğretim mezunu sayısına; meslek lisesi ve genel lise mezun sayısından ekonomik büyümeye doğru pozitif bir nedenselliğin olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, Büyüme, Eğitim, Nedensellik, VARJEL Sınıflandırma Kodları: C22, I21, O11, I25
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adler Joël
2007-12-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Many parasitic organisms, eukaryotes as well as bacteria, possess surface antigens with amino acid repeats. Making up the interface between host and pathogen such repetitive proteins may be virulence factors involved in immune evasion or cytoadherence. They find immunological applications in serodiagnostics and vaccine development. Here we use proteins which contain perfect repeats as a basis for comparative genomics between parasitic and free-living organisms. Results We have developed Reptile http://reptile.unibe.ch, a program for proteome-wide probabilistic description of perfect repeats in proteins. Parasite proteomes exhibited a large variance regarding the proportion of repeat-containing proteins. Interestingly, there was a good correlation between the percentage of highly repetitive proteins and mean protein length in parasite proteomes, but not at all in the proteomes of free-living eukaryotes. Reptile combined with programs for the prediction of transmembrane domains and GPI-anchoring resulted in an effective tool for in silico identification of potential surface antigens and virulence factors from parasites. Conclusion Systemic surveys for perfect amino acid repeats allowed basic comparisons between free-living and parasitic organisms that were directly applicable to predict proteins of serological and parasitological importance. An on-line tool is available at http://genomics.unibe.ch/dora.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hanumunthadu, Daren; Ilginis, Tomas; Restori, Marie
2016-01-01
: Enrolled patients underwent repeated SDOCT imaging using the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). A single technician certified for clinical trials took 3 macular volume scans. Retinal thicknesses were calculated for each of the 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS...... was 34.7 μm (95% CI 33.7-35.7 μm). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a change of greater than 31 μm in Spectralis SDOCT-derived retinal thickness measurement of the central macular subfield and 35 μm in subfoveal choroidal thickness is necessary to detect true clinical change associated with disease...
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The International Framework of Information Policies Enformasyon Politikalarına Küresel Bir Bakış
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nick Moore
2000-03-01
Full Text Available The emergence of information societies is one of the defining characteristics of the last decade of the twentieth century. Countries all over the world are repositioning themselves to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the information age. They share common objectives although there are significant differences in the motivations underlying the re-positioning and in the mechanisms chosen to implement information society developments. Formal frameworks of policy are being established to steer the development of information societies. There can be few other examples of technological change stimulating formal policy creation in order to bring about social change. This paper surveys the approaches to information policy in various countries all over the world and forecasts future progress with views as to how to ensure that the information society will work for the good of every one. 20. yüzyılın son on yılının belirleyici karakteristiklerinden biri enformasyon toplumlarının ortaya çıkması olmuştur. Dünyanın dört bir yanında ülkeler, enformasyon çağının yarattığı olanaklardan yararlanabilmek için konumlarını gözden geçirmektedirler. Bu ülkelerin hedefleri aynı olmakla birlikte, yönelimlerinin ardındaki motivasyonlar her zaman aynı değildir ve enformasyon toplumu gelişmelerini uygulamaya sokmak için seçtikleri mekanizmalar önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Enformasyon toplumuna geçişi harekete geçirmek için resmi politikalar saptanmaktadır. Bunun dışında, teknolojik değişimin, bağlantılı bir toplumsal değişimi sağlamak için resmi politikalar belirlenmesini zorladığı çok ender görülmüştür. Bu bildiride dünyanın çeşitli ülkelerinde enformasyon politikalarına yaklaşımların neler olduğu gözden geçirilmekte, geleceğe yönelik görüşler sunulmakta ve enformasyon toplumunun herkesin yararına gelişmesi için neler yapılması gerektiği konusu işlenmektedir.
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Hysteresis of magnetostructural transitions: Repeatable and non-repeatable processes
Provenzano, Virgil; Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.; ElBidweihy, Hatem
2014-02-01
The Gd5Ge2Si2 alloy and the off-stoichiometric Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy belong to a special class of metallic materials that exhibit first-order magnetostructural transitions near room temperature. The magnetic properties of this class of materials have been extensively studied due to their interesting magnetic behavior and their potential for a number of technological applications such as refrigerants for near-room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. The thermally driven first-order transitions in these materials can be field-induced in the reverse order by applying a strong enough field. The field-induced transitions are typically accompanied by the presence of large magnetic hysteresis, the characteristics of which are a complicated function of temperature, field, and magneto-thermal history. In this study we show that the virgin curve, the major loop, and sequentially measured MH loops are the results of both repeatable and non-repeatable processes, in which the starting magnetostructural state, prior to the cycling of field, plays a major role. Using the Gd5Ge2Si2 and Ni50Mn35In15 alloys, as model materials, we show that a starting single phase state results in fully repeatable processes and large magnetic hysteresis, whereas a mixed phase starting state results in non-repeatable processes and smaller hysteresis.
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Hysteresis of magnetostructural transitions: Repeatable and non-repeatable processes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Provenzano, Virgil; Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.; ElBidweihy, Hatem
2014-01-01
The Gd 5 Ge 2 Si 2 alloy and the off-stoichiometric Ni 50 Mn 35 In 15 Heusler alloy belong to a special class of metallic materials that exhibit first-order magnetostructural transitions near room temperature. The magnetic properties of this class of materials have been extensively studied due to their interesting magnetic behavior and their potential for a number of technological applications such as refrigerants for near-room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. The thermally driven first-order transitions in these materials can be field-induced in the reverse order by applying a strong enough field. The field-induced transitions are typically accompanied by the presence of large magnetic hysteresis, the characteristics of which are a complicated function of temperature, field, and magneto-thermal history. In this study we show that the virgin curve, the major loop, and sequentially measured MH loops are the results of both repeatable and non-repeatable processes, in which the starting magnetostructural state, prior to the cycling of field, plays a major role. Using the Gd 5 Ge 2 Si 2 and Ni 50 Mn 35 In 15 alloys, as model materials, we show that a starting single phase state results in fully repeatable processes and large magnetic hysteresis, whereas a mixed phase starting state results in non-repeatable processes and smaller hysteresis
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SMS Reklamları ve Mobil Bilgi Servislerine Yönelik Tüketici Tutumunu Belirleyen Bir Araştırma
DURUCASU, R. Reha; AKSOY, N. Figen
2018-01-01
Akıllı telefonların gelişmesiyle MMS, Wap, Mobil Uygulamalar, IVR vb. mobil pazarlama mecralarının kullanımında artış meydana gelmiştir. Türkiye’de akıllı telefon kullanım oranı her geçen sene artmaktadır. Buna rağmen işletmeler yaygın bir tüketici kitlesine ulaşmak için halen en çok kullanılan mobil pazarlama mecralarından birisi olan SMS reklamlarını kullanmaya devam etmektedir. Mobil bilgi servisleri ise, kullanıcılar için fayda sağlayan bilgilerin; cep telefonu aracılığıyla kullanıcılara ...
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All-photonic quantum repeaters
Azuma, Koji; Tamaki, Kiyoshi; Lo, Hoi-Kwong
2015-01-01
Quantum communication holds promise for unconditionally secure transmission of secret messages and faithful transfer of unknown quantum states. Photons appear to be the medium of choice for quantum communication. Owing to photon losses, robust quantum communication over long lossy channels requires quantum repeaters. It is widely believed that a necessary and highly demanding requirement for quantum repeaters is the existence of matter quantum memories. Here we show that such a requirement is, in fact, unnecessary by introducing the concept of all-photonic quantum repeaters based on flying qubits. In particular, we present a protocol based on photonic cluster-state machine guns and a loss-tolerant measurement equipped with local high-speed active feedforwards. We show that, with such all-photonic quantum repeaters, the communication efficiency scales polynomially with the channel distance. Our result paves a new route towards quantum repeaters with efficient single-photon sources rather than matter quantum memories. PMID:25873153
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eda YAŞA ÖZELTÜRKAY
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Dış ticaret faaliyetleri, ülke ekonomileri açısından çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu ekonomik katılımlardan yararlanılırken çeşitli güçlüklerle de karşılaşılabilinmektedir. Dış ticaret faaliyetlerini yürüten işletmeler açısından maliyet çok önemli bir unsurdur. Hükümetlerin bu unsuru göz önüne alarak gerçekleştirmiş olduğu maliyet azaltıcı alt yapı faaliyetlerinden biri de organize sanayi bölgeleridir. Bu çalışma Mersin-Tarsus Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren ve ihracat yapan firmalara ihracat yaparken karşılaşmış oldukları engelleri belirlemek amacıyla uygulanmıştır. 108 firmaya gönderilen anket formlarından 49 tanesi değerlendirmeye uygun olarak geri dönmüştür. Tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada literatüre dayalı araştırma soruları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmadaki verilerin analizinde faktör analizi, güvenilirlik analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikî analizlerden faydalanılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucu, değişkenler yedi alt başlık altında toplanmıştır: firmanın kendi yetersizlikleri, dış pazar ortamına ilişkin engeller, finansal engeller, bilgi eksikliği, bürokratik engeller, kültürel farklılıklar ve ulaşım maliyetleri ve destek eksiklikleri.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eda YAŞA ÖZELTÜRKAY
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Dış ticaret faaliyetleri, ülke ekonomileri açısından çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu ekonomik katılımlardan yararlanılırken çeşitli güçlüklerle de karşılaşılabilinmektedir. Dış ticaret faaliyetlerini yürüten işletmeler açısından maliyet çok önemli bir unsurdur. Hükümetlerin bu unsuru göz önüne alarak gerçekleştirmiş olduğu maliyet azaltıcı alt yapı faaliyetlerinden biri de organize sanayi bölgeleridir. Bu çalışma Mersin-Tarsus Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren ve ihracat yapan firmalara ihracat yaparken karşılaşmış oldukları engelleri belirlemek amacıyla uygulanmıştır. 108 firmaya gönderilen anket formlarından 49 tanesi değerlendirmeye uygun olarak geri dönmüştür. Tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada literatüre dayalı araştırma soruları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmadaki verilerin analizinde faktör analizi, güvenilirlik analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikî analizlerden faydalanılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucu, değişkenler yedi alt başlık altında toplanmıştır: firmanın kendi yetersizlikleri, dış pazar ortamına ilişkin engeller, finansal engeller, bilgi eksikliği, bürokratik engeller, kültürel farklılıklar ve ulaşım maliyetleri ve destek eksiklikleri.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Osman YALÇIN
2013-07-01
Full Text Available Second World War began on the ashes of First World War.Unresolved problems were the main reason that caused The SecondWorld War. Turkey did not bow to pressures and started a new period oftime giving a National Combat. However, Second World War causedimportant problems for Turkey too. Import and export rates decreased.As soon as Second World War was over, although both sides laidtheir arms, Turkey had to keep 1.700.000 armed soldiers. Economicalproblems and being threatened by Soviets were quite important problemareas. In this situation, Turkey tried to find different ways to improve itsrelations with Western countries. American aid was received to meet therequirements of Turkish Army. American aid is known as TrumanDoctrine and Marshal Aid. Turkey which was included into this aid wassupported in this extent. As a result of this support, weapon systems were bought very cheap. After a while, substitute parts of those weapon systems created important cost.Turkey, took pain over being active member of international organizations, too. Being a member of United Nations, Turkey sent troops Korean War and attended the war there. Turkish army showed great bravery. After this success and determination, Turkey strengthened its position in international area being a NATO member. As a result of this situation, Turkey both took itself secure position against Soviet threat and has become a country which gives important support to peace since 1950s. Latest examples of this are Bosnian War, Kosovo Expedition and Afghanistan Expedition. İkinci Dünya Savaşı, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın külleri üzerinde başlamıştır. Çözümsüz kalan uluslar arası sorunlar bu savaşın en önemli nedeni olmuştur. Türkiye Batılı devletlerin dayatmalarına boyun eğmemiş ve Milli Mücadele vererek yeni bir dönem başlatmıştır. Ne var ki, 2. Dünya Savaşı Türkiye için de önemli sorunlara neden olmuştur. Savaş yıllarında ithalat ve ihracat miktarı d
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hayes Michael L
2012-05-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR proteins are required for numerous RNA processing events in plant organelles including C-to-U editing, splicing, stabilization, and cleavage. Fifteen PPR proteins are known to be required for RNA editing at 21 sites in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, and belong to the PLS class of PPR proteins. In this study, we investigate the co-evolution of four PPR genes (CRR4, CRR21, CLB19, and OTP82 and their six editing targets in Brassicaceae species. PPR genes are composed of approximately 10 to 20 tandem repeats and each repeat has two α-helical regions, helix A and helix B, that are separated by short coil regions. Each repeat and structural feature was examined to determine the selective pressures on these regions. Results All of the PPR genes examined are under strong negative selection. Multiple independent losses of editing site targets are observed for both CRR21 and OTP82. In several species lacking the known editing target for CRR21, PPR genes are truncated near the 17th PPR repeat. The coding sequences of the truncated CRR21 genes are maintained under strong negative selection; however, the 3’ UTR sequences beyond the truncation site have substantially diverged. Phylogenetic analyses of four PPR genes show that sequences corresponding to helix A are high compared to helix B sequences. Differential evolutionary selection of helix A versus helix B is observed in both plant and mammalian PPR genes. Conclusion PPR genes and their cognate editing sites are mutually constrained in evolution. Editing sites are frequently lost by replacement of an edited C with a genomic T. After the loss of an editing site, the PPR genes are observed with three outcomes: first, few changes are detected in some cases; second, the PPR gene is present as a pseudogene; and third, the PPR gene is present but truncated in the C-terminal region. The retention of truncated forms of CRR21 that are maintained under strong negative
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Hayes, Michael L; Giang, Karolyn; Mulligan, R Michael
2012-05-14
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are required for numerous RNA processing events in plant organelles including C-to-U editing, splicing, stabilization, and cleavage. Fifteen PPR proteins are known to be required for RNA editing at 21 sites in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, and belong to the PLS class of PPR proteins. In this study, we investigate the co-evolution of four PPR genes (CRR4, CRR21, CLB19, and OTP82) and their six editing targets in Brassicaceae species. PPR genes are composed of approximately 10 to 20 tandem repeats and each repeat has two α-helical regions, helix A and helix B, that are separated by short coil regions. Each repeat and structural feature was examined to determine the selective pressures on these regions. All of the PPR genes examined are under strong negative selection. Multiple independent losses of editing site targets are observed for both CRR21 and OTP82. In several species lacking the known editing target for CRR21, PPR genes are truncated near the 17th PPR repeat. The coding sequences of the truncated CRR21 genes are maintained under strong negative selection; however, the 3' UTR sequences beyond the truncation site have substantially diverged. Phylogenetic analyses of four PPR genes show that sequences corresponding to helix A are high compared to helix B sequences. Differential evolutionary selection of helix A versus helix B is observed in both plant and mammalian PPR genes. PPR genes and their cognate editing sites are mutually constrained in evolution. Editing sites are frequently lost by replacement of an edited C with a genomic T. After the loss of an editing site, the PPR genes are observed with three outcomes: first, few changes are detected in some cases; second, the PPR gene is present as a pseudogene; and third, the PPR gene is present but truncated in the C-terminal region. The retention of truncated forms of CRR21 that are maintained under strong negative selection even in the absence of an editing site target
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Kısa Mesafe RF Algılayıcı ile Telemetri Uygulaması
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Muhammet Sinan BAŞARSLAN
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Telemetri bir sistem ya da tesisin, uzaktan kablo veya kablosuz olarak izlenmesi ve/veya kontrol edilmesidir. Uygulama alanları olarak petrol, su veya gaz boru hatlarının izlenmesi, uydu ve telekom antenlerinin izlenmesi, içme veya atık su tesislerinin izlenmesi sayılabilir. Günümüzde çoğunlukla kablosuz (wireless haberleşme tercih edilmektedir. Kablosuz iletişim teknolojilerinden de en yaygın kullanılanları bluetooth, radyo modem cihazları, GSM sistemleridir.Haberleşme yapılacak olan arazi düz olmak zorunda değildir. Antenler arasında dağ, tepe vb. haberleşmeyi engelleyici unsurlar olsa bile repeater özellikli RF data modemler ile bu tür engeller aşılabilmektedir. Bu sayede noktalar arası uzaklıklar kilometrelerce olabilir.Sunulan uygulamada telemetri yöntemi ile bir model araca dair verilerin uzak bir noktada bulunan Android işletim sistemli bir mobil cihaz üzerinden izlenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uzaktan izleme işlemleri için kısa mesafe RF teknolojisi (433 MHz kullanılmıştır.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alpaslan OKUR
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Using persuasive text as a text type in mother language courseshelps students to improve self-expression skills and by developing theircreativity, enables them to have a product based learning strategy. Inthe core of this lies, the fact that persuasion is an indispensableelement of communication. However despite their potentialcontributions, persuasion studies have not been covered adequately inTurkish language teaching curriculum.This study aims to analyze the approaches and processes ofpersuasive speech and texts which are considered inadequate inTurkish Language Teaching Curriculum, With this purpose, Languageand Expression Course Curriculum, Turkish Language TeachingCurriculum and for a comparison Australian Mother Language CourseMaterials have been studied, attainments and activities have beenidentified. Another purpose of the study is to contribute to the TurkishLanguage Teaching Curriculum by way of presenting speech andpersuasive speech processes and activities with a comparative point ofview.At the end of the study, it’s been observed that the concept ofpersuasiveness has been adequately covered as a text type in AustralianMother Language Course Materials from starter level to the last 10thlevel. In Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum (2009 whilepersuasiveness is treated and included as a speech type, method andtechnique in primary schools, in middle schools it is not covered at all.In high schools Language and Expression Course Curriculum does notinclude persuasiveness as a text type, as well. İkna edici metinlerin, anadili derslerinde, bir metin türü olarak (ikna edici konuşma ve ikna edici yazma kullanımı, öğrencilerin kendini ifade edebilme becerisini geliştirmelerine ve yaratıcılıklarını geliştirerek ürün temelli bir öğrenme stratejisine sahip olmalarına olanak tanımaktadır. Bunun temelinde ise ikna kavramının, başarılı bir iletişimin vazgeçilmez unsuru olması yer almaktadır. İkna edici metinler
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Muhammed Fatih Küçükmüzevir
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Bu çalışmada ONNO tipi simetrik bir Schiff bazı N-N'-bis(salisiliden-1,3-propandiamin (LH2 ve onun indirgenmiş türevi (LH2H sentezlenmiş ve etanol:su karışımında çeşitli metal iyonlarına karşı florimetrik duyarlık özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Schiff bazı Al3+ iyonuna düşük floresans seçiciliği gösterirken Zn2+ iyonlarına farklı uyarma ve emisyon dalga boylarında yüksek seçicilik göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, Schiff bazının indirgenmiş hali Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Zn2+ ve Al3+ gibi çalıştığımız metal iyonlarına hiçbir floresans duyarlılığı göstermemiştir. Sentezlenmiş Schiff bazının farklı numunelerde Zn2+ iyonunun belirlenmesi ve kantitatif analizinde kemosensör olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
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İskenderun Mezar Taşı Sözleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme A Research on İskenderun Gravestone Words
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Hüseyin Kürşat TÜRKAN
2012-12-01
şına dikilen mezar taşlarının her biri ayrı anlam ifade etmektedir. Hemen hemen her kültürde görülen mezar taşları, ait olduğu kültürün öz değerlerine göre şekil alırlar. Bu şekillenme ölen kişinin inanışına, geleneklerine, sosyal ve ekonomik durumuna göre değişiklik gösterir. Ele alınan bu makalede Hatay’ın İskenderun ilçesinde yer alan mezar taşı sözleri üzerinde inceleme yapılarak bu sözlerin kültürel değerleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sosyokültürel yaşamda toplum içindeki bireyler için kaçınılmaz bir sondur ölüm. Doğumla başlayan sürecin en son noktasıdır. Çoğu zaman üzerinde derinlemesine konuşulmaktan kaçınılan ölüm, kimi toplumlar için bir sonun başlangıcıyken kimi zaman da bir başlangıcın sonudur. İnsan hayatını böylesine derinlemesine etkileyen ölüm mefhumunda birçok ulusta olduğu gibi İslamiyeti benimseyen Türk milletinde de çeşitli ritüeller vardır. Bunların en başında şüphesiz ki ölene duyulan saygıdan dolayı ve ölünün yerinin kaybolmaması için mezarın başına dikilen taşlar gelir. Bu taşların üzerinde yer alan figür, resim ve yazıların Türk kültürünün ifadesi bakımından önemli bir yere sahip olduğu şüphesizdir.Mezar taşları tarihli olmaları ile etnografik ve sanat eserleri için birer belge hüviyeti taşırlar. Ayrıca yazılı mezar taşları Türk’ün bu topraklarda yaşadığına, varlığını ebedileştirdiğine en canlı birer şahit ve aynı zaman da estetik ve etnografik kıymetli haiz vesikalardır. Bu itibarla şehir, kaza ve köy tarihleri hazırlanırken mezar taşları önemlidir. Kısaca, mezar taşları yapıldıkları çevrenin ve devrin inançlarının, adetlerin, sanat geleneklerinin tabiî, iktisadi ve sosyal şartlarının ortak ürünüdür. Bu bakımdan sanat tarihimiz için olduğu kadar, kültür tarihimiz yönünden de büyük önem taşımaktadır (http://www.mezartaslari.com.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erol Yılmaz
2010-03-01
Full Text Available Total Quality Management (TQM, is a management style that aimed at customer satisfaction. In the organisations in which TQM is applied customer is in the centre of the organization. In other words, in this kind of organisations the customer comes before everything else. Reaching the highest level of the customer satisfaction is among the targets of the mentioned organizations. In this study, primarily, definition of the TQM is going to be made together with its definition, short history, purpose, benefits and factors; besides descriptive information is going to be given about internal customer, external customer, customer centered process and customer satisfaction. In the second part of the study, TQM subject is going to be discussed within the scope of the libraries widely. In this context, after explanation of customer centeredness (placing the customer at the centre, customer satisfaction and benefits of the TQM to the libraries, the subject is going to be discussed in the context of our country. Toplam Kalite Yönetimi (TKY, müşteri memnuniyeti elde etmeyi amaçlamış bir yönetim biçimidir. TKY uygulanan işletmelerde müşteri kurumun merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle, bu tür kurumlarda müşteri her şeyden önce gelmektedir. Sözkonusu işletmelerin hedeflerinde ise, en yüksek düzeyde müşteri memnuniyetine erişmek yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle; tanımı, kısa tarihçesi, amacı, yararları ve unsurlarıyla birlikte TKY tanımlaması yapılacak; ayrıca iç müşteri, dış müşteri, müşteri merkezlilik ve müşteri memnuniyeti hakkında tanımlayıcı bilgiler verilecektir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise, TKY konusu kütüphaneler bazında ve geniş bir biçimde ele alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda, kullanıcı merkezlilik, kullanıcı memnuniyeti ve TKY’nin kütüphanelere sağlayacağı yararların açıklanmasının ardından konu ülkemiz bazında tartışılacaktır.
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Phadungsil, Wansika; Smooker, Peter M; Vichasri-Grams, Suksiri; Grams, Rudi
2016-01-01
Even at the present age of whole-organism analysis, e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, the biological roles of many proteins remain unresolved. Classified among the proteins of unknown function is a family of proteins harboring repeats of the DM9 domain, a 60-75 amino acids motif first described in a small number of Drosophila melanogaster proteins. Proteins may carry two or more DM9 domains either in combination with other domains or as their sole constituent. Here we have characterized a 16.8 kDa Fasciola gigantica protein comprising two tandem repeated DM9 domains (FgDM9-1). The protein was located in the parenchyma of the immature and mature parasite and consequently it was not detected in the ES product of the parasite but only in the whole worm extract. Interestingly, extraction with SDS yielded a substantially higher amount of the protein suggesting association with insoluble cell components. In Sf9 insect cells a heterologously expressed EGFP-FgDM9-1 chimera showed cell-wide distribution but relocated to vesicle-like structures in the cytoplasm after stimulating cellular stress by bacteria, heat shock or chloroquine. These structures did not colocalize with the markers of endocytosis/phagocytosis ubiquitin, RAB7, GABARAP. The same behavior was noted for Aedes aegypti PRS1, a homologous mosquito DM9 protein as a positive control while EGFP did not exhibit such relocation in the insect cells. Cross-linking experiments on soluble recombinant FgDM9-1 indicated that the protein can undergo specific oligomerization. It is speculated that proteins carrying the DM9 domain have a role in vesicular transport in flatworms and insects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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KILIÇ, Sevinç
2006-01-01
Almanya'da Sığır ve Dana Eti Piyasa Düzeni ve Türkiye İçin Sığır Eti PazarlamasındaModel Oluşturabilme Olanakları Üzerine Bir AraştırmaBu araştırmada Avrupa Birliği Ortak Tarım Politikası kapsamında Sığır ve Dana Eti OrtakPiyasa Düzeni'nde uygulanmış ve uygulanmakta olan politikalar, Almanya'nın kasaplıkhayvan ve et piyasa yapısı ile ilgili düzenlemeleri, Almanya'da kasaplık hayvan ve etpazarlamasının tarihsel gelişimi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.Türkiye'de 2001-2004 yıl...
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Computational modeling of Repeat1 region of INI1/hSNF5: An evolutionary link with ubiquitin
Bhutoria, Savita
2016-01-01
Abstract The structure of a protein can be very informative of its function. However, determining protein structures experimentally can often be very challenging. Computational methods have been used successfully in modeling structures with sufficient accuracy. Here we have used computational tools to predict the structure of an evolutionarily conserved and functionally significant domain of Integrase interactor (INI)1/hSNF5 protein. INI1 is a component of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, a tumor suppressor and is involved in many protein‐protein interactions. It belongs to SNF5 family of proteins that contain two conserved repeat (Rpt) domains. Rpt1 domain of INI1 binds to HIV‐1 Integrase, and acts as a dominant negative mutant to inhibit viral replication. Rpt1 domain also interacts with oncogene c‐MYC and modulates its transcriptional activity. We carried out an ab initio modeling of a segment of INI1 protein containing the Rpt1 domain. The structural model suggested the presence of a compact and well defined ββαα topology as core structure in the Rpt1 domain of INI1. This topology in Rpt1 was similar to PFU domain of Phospholipase A2 Activating Protein, PLAA. Interestingly, PFU domain shares similarity with Ubiquitin and has ubiquitin binding activity. Because of the structural similarity between Rpt1 domain of INI1 and PFU domain of PLAA, we propose that Rpt1 domain of INI1 may participate in ubiquitin recognition or binding with ubiquitin or ubiquitin related proteins. This modeling study may shed light on the mode of interactions of Rpt1 domain of INI1 and is likely to facilitate future functional studies of INI1. PMID:27261671
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Maqâshid al-Qur’ân dalam Ayat Kebebasan Beragama Menurut Thahâ Jâbir al-‘Alwânî
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Ah. Fawaid
2017-12-01
Full Text Available Maqâshid al-Qur’ân in the Verses of Religious Freedom in Interpretation of Thahâ Jâbir al-’Alwânî. This article is aimed at describing Thahâ Jâbir al-‘Alwânî’s interpretation on various verses dealing with the issues of religious freedom. Adapting an approach of maqâshid al-Qur’ân, the present paper comes to answer two main issues on the true of Alwânî’s maqâshid al-Qur’ân perception and the theoretical application of Alwânî’s maqâshid al-Qur’ân in interpreting verses of religious freedom. According to ‘Alwânî, it was concluded that there are three main segments that he called al-maqâshid al-Qur’âniyyah al-hâkimah: (1 al-tawhîd, (2 al-tazkiyah, and (3 al-‘umrân. ‘Alwânî stated that freedom of interfaith religion is important goal of sharia meaning. Freedom of interfaith religion, on the other hand, is one of the important embodiments in believing the God and tauhid. Seeing this pattern, the later purpose of the Quran is tazkiyah. This term is a value that enables people apply the message, fulfill the promise, and can perform the tasks of the caliphate. When such principles are implemented, something appears that Alwânî called ‘umrân as the next purpose of the Quran can be manifested well. ‘Umrân or ‘prosperity’ in which human being performs as a khalifah actually can create baldatun thayyibatun wa rabbun ghafûr as the real welfare.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hui Yuan
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Interrupted-sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ is a new kind of coherent jamming to the large time-bandwidth linear frequency modulation (LFM signal. Many jamming modes, such as lifelike multiple false targets and dense false targets, can be made through setting up different parameters. According to the “storage-repeater-storage-repeater” characteristics of the ISRJ and the differences in the time-frequency-energy domain between the ISRJ signal and the target echo signal, one new method based on the energy function detection and band-pass filtering is proposed to suppress the ISRJ. The methods mainly consist of two parts: extracting the signal segments without ISRJ and constructing band-pass filtering function with low sidelobe. The simulation results show that the method is effective in the ISRJ with different parameters.
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Berat Bir Bayraktar
2007-10-01
Full Text Available ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal bilgi ve stratejik planlama kavramlarının kurumlar için olan önemini ortaya koymak ve bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit edebilmektir. Bu nedenle, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi’ne bağlı, bir ilçe belediyesinde bir alan çalışması yapılmış ve ilgili belediyenin stratejik planını hazırlarken kurumsal bilgiden ne derece istifade ettiği incelenmiştir.AbstractThe purpose of this study is to underline the importance of the concepts of organizational knowledge and strategic planning for organizations and to define the relationship between these concepts. A case study was carried out in an Istanbul municipality to demonstrate how the municipality administration made use of the organizational knowledge in strategic planning.
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Ji, Q.; Oomen, R.J.F.J.; Vincken, J.P.; Bolam, D.N.; Gilbert, H.J.; Suurs, L.C.J.M.; Visser, R.G.F.
2004-01-01
Granule size is an important parameter when using starch in industrial applications. An artificial tandem repeat of a family 20 starch-binding domain (SBD2) was engineered by two copies of the SBD derived from Bacillus circulans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase via the Pro-Thr-rich linker peptice
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78 FR 65594 - Vehicular Repeaters
2013-11-01
... coordinators estimate the effect on coordination fees? Does the supposed benefit that mobile repeater stations... allow the licensing and operation of vehicular repeater systems and other mobile repeaters by public... email: [email protected] or phone: 202-418- 0530 or TTY: 202-418-0432. For detailed instructions for...
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CARF and WYL domains: ligand-binding regulators of prokaryotic defense systems
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Kira eMakarova
2014-04-01
Full Text Available CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems of bacteria and archaea insert fragments of virus or plasmid DNA as spacer sequences into CRISPR repeat loci. Processed transcripts encompassing these spacers guide the cleavage of the cognate foreign DNA or RNA. Most CRISPR-Cas loci, in addition to recognized cas genes, also include genes that are not directly implicated in spacer acquisition, CRISPR transcript processing or interference. Here we comprehensively analyze sequences, structures and genomic neighborhoods of one of the most widespread groups of such genes that encode proteins containing a predicted nucleotide-binding domain with a Rossmann-like fold, which we denote CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold. Several CARF protein structures have been determined but functional characterization of these proteins is lacking. The CARF domain is most frequently combined with a C-terminal winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain and effector domains most of which are predicted to possess DNase or RNase activity. Divergent CARF domains are also found in RtcR proteins, sigma-54 dependent regulators of the rtc RNA repair operon. CARF genes frequently co-occur with those coding for proteins containing the WYL domain with the Sm-like SH3 β-barrel fold, which is also predicted to bind ligands. CRISPR-Cas and possibly other defense systems are predicted to be transcriptionally regulated by multiple ligand-binding proteins containing WYL and CARF domains which sense modified nucleotides and nucleotide derivatives generated during virus infection. We hypothesize that CARF domains also transmit the signal from the bound ligand to the fused effector domains which attack either alien or self nucleic acids, resulting, respectively, in immunity complementing the CRISPR-Cas action or in dormancy/programmed cell death.
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Tevatron serial data repeater system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ducar, R.J.
1981-01-01
A ten megabit per second serial data repeater system has been developed for the 6.28km Tevatron accelerator. The repeaters are positioned at each of the thirty service buildings and accommodate control and abort system communications as well as distribution of the Tevatron time and energy clocks. The repeaters are transparent to the particular protocol of the transmissions. Serial data are encoded locally as unipolar two volt signals employing the self-clocking Manchester Bi-Phase code. The repeaters modulate the local signals to low-power bursts of 50 MHz rf carrier for the 260m transmission between service buildings. The repeaters also demodulate the transmission and restructure the data for local utilization. The employment of frequency discrimination techniques yields high immunity to the characteristic noise spectrum
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Beyond cross-domain learning: Multiple-domain nonnegative matrix factorization
Wang, Jim Jing-Yan; Gao, Xin
2014-01-01
Traditional cross-domain learning methods transfer learning from a source domain to a target domain. In this paper, we propose the multiple-domain learning problem for several equally treated domains. The multiple-domain learning problem assumes that samples from different domains have different distributions, but share the same feature and class label spaces. Each domain could be a target domain, while also be a source domain for other domains. A novel multiple-domain representation method is proposed for the multiple-domain learning problem. This method is based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), and tries to learn a basis matrix and coding vectors for samples, so that the domain distribution mismatch among different domains will be reduced under an extended variation of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) criterion. The novel algorithm - multiple-domain NMF (MDNMF) - was evaluated on two challenging multiple-domain learning problems - multiple user spam email detection and multiple-domain glioma diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is experimentally verified. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Beyond cross-domain learning: Multiple-domain nonnegative matrix factorization
Wang, Jim Jing-Yan
2014-02-01
Traditional cross-domain learning methods transfer learning from a source domain to a target domain. In this paper, we propose the multiple-domain learning problem for several equally treated domains. The multiple-domain learning problem assumes that samples from different domains have different distributions, but share the same feature and class label spaces. Each domain could be a target domain, while also be a source domain for other domains. A novel multiple-domain representation method is proposed for the multiple-domain learning problem. This method is based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), and tries to learn a basis matrix and coding vectors for samples, so that the domain distribution mismatch among different domains will be reduced under an extended variation of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) criterion. The novel algorithm - multiple-domain NMF (MDNMF) - was evaluated on two challenging multiple-domain learning problems - multiple user spam email detection and multiple-domain glioma diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is experimentally verified. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Geisbrecht, Brian V; Hamaoka, Brent Y; Perman, Benjamin; Zemla, Adam; Leahy, Daniel J
2005-04-29
The Eap (extracellular adherence protein) of Staphylococcus aureus functions as a secreted virulence factor by mediating interactions between the bacterial cell surface and several extracellular host proteins. Eap proteins from different Staphylococcal strains consist of four to six tandem repeats of a structurally uncharacterized domain (EAP domain). We have determined the three-dimensional structures of three different EAP domains to 1.8, 2.2, and 1.35 A resolution, respectively. These structures reveal a core fold that is comprised of an alpha-helix lying diagonally across a five-stranded, mixed beta-sheet. Comparison of EAP domains with known structures reveals an unexpected homology with the C-terminal domain of bacterial superantigens. Examination of the structure of the superantigen SEC2 bound to the beta-chain of a T-cell receptor suggests a possible ligand-binding site within the EAP domain (Fields, B. A., Malchiodi, E. L., Li, H., Ysern, X., Stauffacher, C. V., Schlievert, P. M., Karjalainen, K., and Mariuzza, R. (1996) Nature 384, 188-192). These results provide the first structural characterization of EAP domains, relate EAP domains to a large class of bacterial toxins, and will guide the design of future experiments to analyze EAP domain structure/function relationships.
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Repeat Customer Success in Extension
Bess, Melissa M.; Traub, Sarah M.
2013-01-01
Four multi-session research-based programs were offered by two Extension specialist in one rural Missouri county. Eleven participants who came to multiple Extension programs could be called "repeat customers." Based on the total number of participants for all four programs, 25% could be deemed as repeat customers. Repeat customers had…
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Film repeats in radiology department
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Suwan, A. Z.; Al-Shakharah, A. I
1997-01-01
During a one year period, 4910 radiographs of 55780 films were repeated. The objective of our study was to analyse and to classify the causes in order to minimize the repeats, cut the expenses and to provide optimal radiographs for accurate diagnosis. Analysis of the different factors revealed that, 43.6% of film repeats in our service were due to faults in exposure factors, centering comprises 15.9% of the repeats, while too much collimation was responsible for 7.6% of these repeats. All of which can be decreased by awareness and programmed training of technicians. Film blurring caused by patient motion was also responsible for 4.9% for radiographs reexamination, which can be minimized by detailed explanation to the patient and providing the necessary privacy. Fogging of X-Ray films by improper storage or inadequate handling or processing faults were responsible for 14.5% in repeats in our study. Methods and criteria for proper storage and handling of films were discussed. Recommendation for using modern day-light and laser processor has been high lighted. Artefacts are noticeably high in our cases, due to spinal dresses and frequent usage of precious metals for c osmotic purposes in this part of the world. The repeated films comprise 8.8% of all films We conclude that, the main factor responsible for repeats of up to 81.6% of cases was the technologists, thus emphasizing the importance of adequate training of the technologists. (authors). 15 refs., 9 figs., 1 table
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Repeat migration and disappointment.
Grant, E K; Vanderkamp, J
1986-01-01
This article investigates the determinants of repeat migration among the 44 regions of Canada, using information from a large micro-database which spans the period 1968 to 1971. The explanation of repeat migration probabilities is a difficult task, and this attempt is only partly successful. May of the explanatory variables are not significant, and the overall explanatory power of the equations is not high. In the area of personal characteristics, the variables related to age, sex, and marital status are generally significant and with expected signs. The distance variable has a strongly positive effect on onward move probabilities. Variables related to prior migration experience have an important impact that differs between return and onward probabilities. In particular, the occurrence of prior moves has a striking effect on the probability of onward migration. The variable representing disappointment, or relative success of the initial move, plays a significant role in explaining repeat migration probabilities. The disappointment variable represents the ratio of actural versus expected wage income in the year after the initial move, and its effect on both repeat migration probabilities is always negative and almost always highly significant. The repeat probabilities diminish after a year's stay in the destination region, but disappointment in the most recent year still has a bearing on the delayed repeat probabilities. While the quantitative impact of the disappointment variable is not large, it is difficult to draw comparisons since similar estimates are not available elsewhere.
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Duygusal ve Rasyonel Sosyal Reklam Mesajlarının Etkililiği Üzerine Bir Araştırma
AYTEKİN, Pınar; YAKIN, Volkan
2015-01-01
Çalışmada, sosyal pazarlamanın tanımına ve uygulama alanlarına değinilmiş, sosyal pazarlamada kullanılan duygusal ve rasyonel çekiciliklerin ve hedef kitle üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi üzerine nitel ve nicel olmak üzere iki aşamalı bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Türk Kızılay’ına ait iki reklam afişinden faydalanılmıştır. İlk aşamada reklamların mesaj içerikleri göstergebilimsel analiz yardımıyla analiz edilerek rasyonel/duygusal çekiciliklerden hangisine sahip olduklar...
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Conformational dynamics and ligand binding in the multi-domain protein PDC109.
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Hyun Jin Kim
2010-02-01
Full Text Available PDC109 is a modular multi-domain protein with two fibronectin type II (Fn2 repeats joined by a linker. It plays a major role in bull sperm binding to the oviductal epithelium through its interactions with phosphorylcholines (PhCs, a head group of sperm cell membrane lipids. The crystal structure of the PDC109-PhC complex shows that each PhC binds to the corresponding Fn2 domain, while the two domains are on the same face of the protein. Long timescale explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD simulations of PDC109, in the presence and absence of PhC, suggest that PhC binding strongly correlates with the relative orientation of choline-phospholipid binding sites of the two Fn2 domains; unless the two domains tightly bind PhCs, they tend to change their relative orientation by deforming the flexible linker. The effective PDC109-PhC association constant of 28 M(-1, estimated from their potential of mean force is consistent with the experimental result. Principal component analysis of the long timescale MD simulations was compared to the significantly less expensive normal mode analysis of minimized structures. The comparison indicates that difference between relative domain motions of PDC109 with bound and unbound PhC is captured by the first principal component in the principal component analysis as well as the three lowest normal modes in the normal mode analysis. The present study illustrates the use of detailed MD simulations to clarify the energetics of specific ligand-domain interactions revealed by a static crystallographic model, as well as their influence on relative domain motions in a multi-domain protein.
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Sesli Okuma ve Konuşma Prozodisi: İlişkisel Bir Çalışma
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Hasan Keskin
2013-02-01
Full Text Available Bu araştırma, ilköğretim dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla ilişkisel tarama modelinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Konya ve Afyonkarahisar’da ilköğretim dördüncü sınıfa devam eden 50 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sesli okumaları ve konuşmaları video ile kayıt altına alınmış, daha sonra bu kayıtlar üzerinde ölçekler aracılığıyla puanlamalar yapılmıştır. Sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodisi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeye yönelik, Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyon Tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, öğrencilerin sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodileri arasında, pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin sesli okumaları ve konuşma prozodi puanları cinsiyet açısından ayrı ayrı incelenmiş; kız ve erkek öğrencilerin ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık çıkmamıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin sesli okuma ve konuşmalarındaki prozodik düzeyi belirlemeye yönelik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Bu ölçüm sonuçlarına göre, araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %52’sinin sesli okuma prozodilerinin, %48’inin ise konuşma prozodilerinin düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.
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Quantum repeated games revisited
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Frąckiewicz, Piotr
2012-01-01
We present a scheme for playing quantum repeated 2 × 2 games based on Marinatto and Weber’s approach to quantum games. As a potential application, we study the twice repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We show that results not available in the classical game can be obtained when the game is played in the quantum way. Before we present our idea, we comment on the previous scheme of playing quantum repeated games proposed by Iqbal and Toor. We point out the drawbacks that make their results unacceptable. (paper)
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Vergara-Jaque, Ariela; Fenollar-Ferrer, Cristina; Kaufmann, Desirée; Forrest, Lucy R
2015-01-01
Secondary active transporters are critical for neurotransmitter clearance and recycling during synaptic transmission and uptake of nutrients. These proteins mediate the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients, by using the energy released in the movement of ions down pre-existing concentration gradients. To achieve this, transporters conform to the so-called alternating-access hypothesis, whereby the protein adopts at least two conformations in which the substrate binding sites are exposed to one or other side of the membrane, but not both simultaneously. Structures of a bacterial homolog of neuronal glutamate transporters, GltPh, in several different conformational states have revealed that the protein structure is asymmetric in the outward- and inward-open states, and that the conformational change connecting them involves a elevator-like movement of a substrate binding domain across the membrane. The structural asymmetry is created by inverted-topology repeats, i.e., structural repeats with similar overall folds whose transmembrane topologies are related to each other by two-fold pseudo-symmetry around an axis parallel to the membrane plane. Inverted repeats have been found in around three-quarters of secondary transporter folds. Moreover, the (a)symmetry of these systems has been successfully used as a bioinformatic tool, called "repeat-swap modeling" to predict structural models of a transporter in one conformation using the known structure of the transporter in the complementary conformation as a template. Here, we describe an updated repeat-swap homology modeling protocol, and calibrate the accuracy of the method using GltPh, for which both inward- and outward-facing conformations are known. We then apply this repeat-swap homology modeling procedure to a concentrative nucleoside transporter, VcCNT, which has a three-dimensional arrangement related to that of GltPh. The repeat-swapped model of VcCNT predicts that nucleoside transport also
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cristina eFenollar Ferrer
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Secondary active transporters are critical for neurotransmitter clearance and recycling during synaptic transmission and uptake of nutrients. These proteins mediate the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients, by using the energy released in the movement of ions down pre-existing concentration gradients. To achieve this, transporters conform to the so-called alternating-access hypothesis, whereby the protein adopts at least two conformations in which the substrate binding sites are exposed to either the outside or inside of the membrane, but not both simultaneously. Structures of a bacterial homolog of neuronal glutamate transporters, GltPh, in several different conformational states have revealed that the protein structure is asymmetric in the outward- and inward-open states, and that the conformational change connecting them involves a elevator-like movement of a substrate binding domain across the membrane. The structural asymmetry is created by inverted-topology repeats, i.e., structural repeats with similar overall folds whose transmembrane topologies are related to each other by two-fold pseudo-symmetry around an axis parallel to the membrane plane. Inverted repeats have been found in around three-quarters of secondary transporter folds. Moreover, the (asymmetry of these systems has been successfully used as a bioinformatic tool, called repeat-swap modeling to predict structural models of a transporter in one conformation using the known structure of the transporter in the complementary conformation as a template. Here, we describe an updated repeat-swap homology modeling protocol, and calibrate the accuracy of the method using GltPh, for which both inward- and outward-facing conformations are known. We then apply this repeat-swap homology modeling procedure to a concentrative nucleoside transporter, VcCNT, which has a three-dimensional arrangement related to that of GltPh. The repeat-swapped model of VcCNT predicts that
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KONSEP MᾹQᾹṢID AL-SYᾹRĪAH MENURUT ṬᾹHᾹ JᾹBIR AL-‘ALWᾹNĪ
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chasnak Najidah
2017-03-01
Full Text Available One discourse which is receiving considerable attention from scholars of Islam is about the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari'ah. Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī as one reviewer of Maqasid al-shari'ah contemporary formulate the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah different from previous scholars. This article describes the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah by Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī. According to him, there are three levels of hierarchical of Maqasid al-Sharia. The highest value of maqasid al-shari'ah says is what he describes as al-Maqasid al-'ulyā al-Hakimah (intentions of the highest shari'ah and a legal basis, which consists of three main elements, namely al-Tawhid ( Onesess of God, al-Tazkiyah (purification and al-'umrān (prosperity. The position of the second al-shari'ah Maqasid are universal values such as justice, freedom, and equality. While the third position is the formulation of the previous scholars regarding maqasid al-shari'ah consisting of ḍarūriyyat, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. In terms of methodological, Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī basing the new system for Maqasid al-syarī'ahnya on the methods of al-jam'u Baina al-qirā'atain, a reading of the two entities: the revelation of God and the universe. With this basis, he argues that the maqasid al-shari'ah formulations are qaṭ'ī, so it can be a reference to the scholars in solving the problems of contemporary law. [Salah satu diskursus yang mendapat perhatian cukup besar dari para akademisi Islam adalah seputar tujuan-tujuan hukum islam (maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. Ṭāhā Jābir al-‘Alwānī sebagai salah satu ulama pengkaji maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahkontemporer merumuskan konsep maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahyang berbeda dari ulama sebelumnya. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan konsep maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahmenurut Ṭāhā Jābir al-‘Alwānī. Menurutnya, ada tiga tingkatan hierarkis maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. Nilai tertinggi maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahmenurutnya adalah apa
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The evolution of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain in mammals.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carol A Edwards
2008-06-01
Full Text Available A comprehensive, domain-wide comparative analysis of genomic imprinting between mammals that imprint and those that do not can provide valuable information about how and why imprinting evolved. The imprinting status, DNA methylation, and genomic landscape of the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster were determined in eutherian, metatherian, and prototherian mammals including tammar wallaby and platypus. Imprinting across the whole domain evolved after the divergence of eutherian from marsupial mammals and in eutherians is under strong purifying selection. The marsupial locus at 1.6 megabases, is double that of eutherians due to the accumulation of LINE repeats. Comparative sequence analysis of the domain in seven vertebrates determined evolutionary conserved regions common to particular sub-groups and to all vertebrates. The emergence of Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting in eutherians has occurred on the maternally inherited chromosome and is associated with region-specific resistance to expansion by repetitive elements and the local introduction of noncoding transcripts including microRNAs and C/D small nucleolar RNAs. A recent mammal-specific retrotransposition event led to the formation of a completely new gene only in the eutherian domain, which may have driven imprinting at the cluster.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhangfang Hu
2014-10-01
Full Text Available The digital speckle correlation is a non-contact in-plane displacement measurement method based on machine vision. Motivated by the facts that the low accuracy and large amount of calculation produced by the traditional digital speckle correlation method in spatial domain, we introduce a sub-pixel displacement measurement algorithm which employs a fast interpolation method based on fractal theory and digital speckle correlation in frequency domain. This algorithm can overcome either the blocking effect or the blurring caused by the traditional interpolation methods, and the frequency domain processing also avoids the repeated searching in the correlation recognition of the spatial domain, thus the operation quantity is largely reduced and the information extracting speed is improved. The comparative experiment is given to verify that the proposed algorithm in this paper is effective.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zenaida P Lopez-Dee
Full Text Available Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1 is a matricellular protein with regulatory functions in inflammation and cancer. The type 1 repeats (TSR domains of TSP-1 have been shown to interact with a wide range of proteins that result in the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties of TSP-1. To ascertain possible functions and evaluate potential therapeutic effects of TSRs in inflammatory bowel disease, we conducted clinical, histological and microarray analyses on a mouse model of induced colitis. We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS to induce colitis in wild-type (WT mice for 7 days. Simultaneously, mice were injected with either saline or one form of TSP-1 derived recombinant proteins, containing either (1 the three type 1 repeats of the TSP-1 (3TSR, (2 the second type 1 repeat (TSR2, or (3 TSR2 with the RFK sequence (TSR2+RFK. Total RNA isolated from the mice colons were processed and hybridized to mouse arrays. Array data were validated by real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Histological and disease indices reveal that the mice treated with the TSRs show different patterns of leukocytic infiltration and that 3TSR treatment was the most effective in decreasing inflammation in DSS-induced colitis. Transcriptional profiling revealed differentially expressed (DE genes, with the 3TSR-treated mice showing the least deviation from the WT-water controls. In conclusion, this study shows that 3TSR treatment is effective in attenuating the inflammatory response to DSS injury. In addition, the transcriptomics work unveils novel genetic data that suggest beneficial application of the TSR domains in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Genetic diversity of Mayetiola destructor and Mayetiola hordei ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Owner
simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Maha MEZGHANI KHEMAKHEM1, Mohamed MARRAKCHI1 and Hanem MAKNI1,2*. 1Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El. Manar, Tunisie. 2Institut Supérieur de l'Animation pour la Jeunesse et la Culture de Bir ...
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Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarında Tükenmişlik Sendromu Üzerine Bir Araştırma
DOĞAN, Prof. Dr. Zeki; NAZLIOĞLU, Elif Hilal
2010-01-01
Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe meslek mensuplarının tükenmişlik sendromu yaşayıp-yaşamadıklarını incelemek ve eğer yaşıyorlarsa bunun boyutunu araştırmaktır. Bunun için Kayseri ilinde faaliyet gösteren muhasebe meslek mensuplarının tükenmişlik düzeylerinin ölçümüne ve tükenmişliğin alt boyutlarında nedensellik ilişkilerinin yönünün tespitine ilişkin bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden hareketle ilk olarak Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği hesaplanmış ve daha sonra nedensellik test...
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Vergi Kaçakçılığı İle Mücadelede Yeni Bir Model: Vergi Polisi Müessesesi Fransa Örnegi
PÜRSÜNLERLİ ÇAKAR, Elif; SARAÇOĞLU, Fatih
2016-01-01
Vergi polisleri, vergi kanunlarında öngörülen ihlalleri araştırmak ve tespit etmekle görevli olup, vergi idaresinde görevlendirilmişlerdir. Bu kişilere “adli vergi memuru” sıfatı verilmiştir. Ulusal, yerel ve Avrupa Birliği’ne dair tüm vergiler vergi polisinin görev ve yetki alanına dâhil bulunmaktadır. Vergi polisi salt vergisel (idari) incelemede bulunamamakta, sadece adli nitelikte olanları (ceza kanunu kapsamında bulunan) yürütebilmektedir. Yetkileri arasında; el koyma (zapt), arama, göza...
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Haberland, Hartmut
2005-01-01
politicians and in the media, especially in the discussion whether some languages undergo ‘domain loss’ vis-à-vis powerful international languages like English. An objection that has been raised here is that domains, as originally conceived, are parameters of language choice and not properties of languages...
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Repeatability of visual acuity measurement.
Raasch, T W; Bailey, I L; Bullimore, M A
1998-05-01
This study investigates features of visual acuity chart design and acuity testing scoring methods which affect the validity and repeatability of visual acuity measurements. Visual acuity was measured using the Sloan and British Standard letter series, and Landolt rings. Identifiability of the different letters as a function of size was estimated, and expressed in the form of frequency-of-seeing curves. These functions were then used to simulate acuity measurements with a variety of chart designs and scoring criteria. Systematic relationships exist between chart design parameters and acuity score, and acuity score repeatability. In particular, an important feature of a chart, that largely determines the repeatability of visual acuity measurement, is the amount of size change attributed to each letter. The methods used to score visual acuity performance also affect repeatability. It is possible to evaluate acuity score validity and repeatability using the statistical principles discussed here.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zomaya Albert Y
2006-12-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Knowledge of protein domain boundaries is critical for the characterisation and understanding of protein function. The ability to identify domains without the knowledge of the structure – by using sequence information only – is an essential step in many types of protein analyses. In this present study, we demonstrate that the performance of DomainDiscovery is improved significantly by including the inter-domain linker index value for domain identification from sequence-based information. Improved DomainDiscovery uses a Support Vector Machine (SVM approach and a unique training dataset built on the principle of consensus among experts in defining domains in protein structure. The SVM was trained using a PSSM (Position Specific Scoring Matrix, secondary structure, solvent accessibility information and inter-domain linker index to detect possible domain boundaries for a target sequence. Results Improved DomainDiscovery is compared with other methods by benchmarking against a structurally non-redundant dataset and also CASP5 targets. Improved DomainDiscovery achieves 70% accuracy for domain boundary identification in multi-domains proteins. Conclusion Improved DomainDiscovery compares favourably to the performance of other methods and excels in the identification of domain boundaries for multi-domain proteins as a result of introducing support vector machine with benchmark_2 dataset.
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A 170kDa multi-domain cystatin of Fasciola gigantica is active in the male reproductive system.
Geadkaew, Amornrat; Kosa, Nanthawat; Siricoon, Sinee; Grams, Suksiri Vichasri; Grams, Rudi
2014-09-01
Cystatins are functional as intra- and extracellular inhibitors of cysteine proteases and are expressed as single or multi-domain proteins. We have previously described two single domain type 1 cystatins in the trematode Fasciola gigantica that are released into the parasite's intestinal tract and exhibit inhibitory activity against endogenous and host cathepsin L and B proteases. In contrast, the here presented 170kDa multi-domain cystatin (FgMDC) comprises signal peptide and 12 tandem repeated cystatin-like domains with similarity to type 2 single domain cystatins. The domains show high sequence divergence with identity values often 120kDa molecular mass in immunoblots of parasite crude extracts and ES product with different banding patterns for each antiserum demonstrating complex processing of the proprotein. The four domains with the highest conserved QVVAG motifs were expressed in Escherichia coli and the refolded recombinant proteins blocked cysteine protease activity in the parasite's ES product. Strikingly, immunohistochemical analysis using seven domain-specific antisera localized FgMDC in testis lobes and sperm. It is speculated that the processed cystatin-like domains have function analogous to the mammalian group of male reproductive tissue-specific type 2 cystatins and are functional in spermiogenesis and fertilization. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Structural analysis of poly-SUMO chain recognition by the RNF4-SIMs domain.
Kung, Camy C-H; Naik, Mandar T; Wang, Szu-Huan; Shih, Hsiu-Ming; Chang, Che-Chang; Lin, Li-Ying; Chen, Chia-Lin; Ma, Che; Chang, Chi-Fon; Huang, Tai-Huang
2014-08-15
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF4 (RING finger protein 4) contains four tandem SIM [SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-interaction motif] repeats for selective interaction with poly-SUMO-modified proteins, which it targets for degradation. We employed a multi-faceted approach to characterize the structure of the RNF4-SIMs domain and the tetra-SUMO2 chain to elucidate the interaction between them. In solution, the SIM domain was intrinsically disordered and the linkers of the tetra-SUMO2 were highly flexible. Individual SIMs of the RNF4-SIMs domains bind to SUMO2 in the groove between the β2-strand and the α1-helix parallel to the β2-strand. SIM2 and SIM3 bound to SUMO with a high affinity and together constituted the recognition module necessary for SUMO binding. SIM4 alone bound to SUMO with low affinity; however, its contribution to tetra-SUMO2 binding avidity is comparable with that of SIM3 when in the RNF4-SIMs domain. The SAXS data of the tetra-SUMO2-RNF4-SIMs domain complex indicate that it exists as an ordered structure. The HADDOCK model showed that the tandem RNF4-SIMs domain bound antiparallel to the tetra-SUMO2 chain orientation and wrapped around the SUMO protamers in a superhelical turn without imposing steric hindrance on either molecule.
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Linke, Christian; Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke, Sonja; Radjainia, Mazdak; Law, Ruby H P; Whisstock, James C; Baker, Edward N; Kreikemeyer, Bernd
2012-11-02
Streptococcus pyogenes is an exclusively human pathogen. Streptococcal attachment to and entry into epithelial cells is a prerequisite for a successful infection of the human host and requires adhesins. Here, we demonstrate that the multidomain protein Epf from S. pyogenes serotype M49 is a streptococcal adhesin. An epf-deficient mutant showed significantly decreased adhesion to and internalization into human keratinocytes. Cell adhesion is mediated by the N-terminal domain of Epf (EpfN) and increased by the human plasma protein plasminogen. The crystal structure of EpfN, solved at 1.6 Å resolution, shows that it consists of two subdomains: a carbohydrate-binding module and a fibronectin type III domain. Both fold types commonly participate in ligand receptor and protein-protein interactions. EpfN is followed by 18 repeats of a domain classified as DUF1542 (domain of unknown function 1542) and a C-terminal cell wall sorting signal. The DUF1542 repeats are not involved in adhesion, but biophysical studies show they are predominantly α-helical and form a fiber-like stalk of tandem DUF1542 domains. Epf thus conforms with the widespread family of adhesins known as MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules), in which a cell wall-attached stalk enables long range interactions via its adhesive N-terminal domain.
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Kültürel değerlere göre karanlık lider algısının çalışan iş performansı etkisi üzerine bir araştırma
Kızıldaş, Ezgi
2017-01-01
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, iş motivasyonu, bireysel kültürel değer boyutlarından olan kolektivizm, güç mesafesi ve algılanan karanlık lider davranışlarının iş performansı üzerindeki etkilerini oluşturan bir model çerçevesinde araştırılmasıdır. Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren büyük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerde çalışan 245 kişiden elde edilen veriler ile oluşturulan örneklem üzerinden bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulg...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Diego U Ferreiro
2008-05-01
Full Text Available Repeat-proteins are made up of near repetitions of 20- to 40-amino acid stretches. These polypeptides usually fold up into non-globular, elongated architectures that are stabilized by the interactions within each repeat and those between adjacent repeats, but that lack contacts between residues distant in sequence. The inherent symmetries both in primary sequence and three-dimensional structure are reflected in a folding landscape that may be analyzed as a quasi-one-dimensional problem. We present a general description of repeat-protein energy landscapes based on a formal Ising-like treatment of the elementary interaction energetics in and between foldons, whose collective ensemble are treated as spin variables. The overall folding properties of a complete "domain" (the stability and cooperativity of the repeating array can be derived from this microscopic description. The one-dimensional nature of the model implies there are simple relations for the experimental observables: folding free-energy (DeltaG(water and the cooperativity of denaturation (m-value, which do not ordinarily apply for globular proteins. We show how the parameters for the "coarse-grained" description in terms of foldon spin variables can be extracted from more detailed folding simulations on perfectly funneled landscapes. To illustrate the ideas, we present a case-study of a family of tetratricopeptide (TPR repeat proteins and quantitatively relate the results to the experimentally observed folding transitions. Based on the dramatic effect that single point mutations exert on the experimentally observed folding behavior, we speculate that natural repeat proteins are "poised" at particular ratios of inter- and intra-element interaction energetics that allow them to readily undergo structural transitions in physiologically relevant conditions, which may be intrinsically related to their biological functions.
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Neubauer, Emilie-Fleur; Poole, Angela Z; Neubauer, Philipp; Detournay, Olivier; Tan, Kenneth; Davy, Simon K; Weis, Virginia M
2017-05-08
The mutualistic endosymbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is mediated by complex inter-partner signaling events, where the host cnidarian innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognition and regulation of symbionts. To date, little is known about the diversity of thrombospondin-type-1 repeat (TSR) domain proteins in basal metazoans or their potential role in regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms. We reveal a large and diverse repertoire of TSR proteins in seven anthozoan species, and show that in the model sea anemone Aiptasia pallida the TSR domain promotes colonization of the host by the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum . Blocking TSR domains led to decreased colonization success, while adding exogenous TSRs resulted in a 'super colonization'. Furthermore, gene expression of TSR proteins was highest at early time-points during symbiosis establishment. Our work characterizes the diversity of cnidarian TSR proteins and provides evidence that these proteins play an important role in the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
PB Thapa
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Aims: To correlate the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC with the histopathology( HPE of the excised nodule or specimen and to assess the accuracy and efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of Ear Nose Throat (ENT & Head & NecK Surgery( HNS, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu from 2nd January 2009 to 29th December 2011. One hundred patients with thyroid nodule were included in the study. Results: Out of 100 patients 77 were females and 23 males. The age ranged from 11-60 years. Statistical analysis of results for Benign Thyroid lesion showed 98.6% sensitivity, 75 % specificity. Likewise, results for Malignant thyroid lesions showed 75 % sensitivity, 98.6 % specificity . Conclusion: FNAC has high accuracy in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid lesions. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 23-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9670
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Fostering repeat donations in Ghana.
Owusu-Ofori, S; Asenso-Mensah, K; Boateng, P; Sarkodie, F; Allain, J-P
2010-01-01
Most African countries are challenged in recruiting and retaining voluntary blood donors by cost and other complexities and in establishing and implementing national blood policies. The availability of replacement donors who are a cheaper source of blood has not enhanced repeat voluntary donor initiatives. An overview of activities for recruiting and retaining voluntary blood donors was carried out. Donor records from mobile sessions were reviewed from 2002 to 2008. A total of 71,701 blood donations; 45,515 (63.5%) being voluntary donations with 11,680 (25%) repeat donations were collected during the study period. Donations from schools and colleges contributed a steady 60% of total voluntary whilst radio station blood drives increased contribution from 10 to 27%. Though Muslim population is less than 20%, blood collection was above the 30-donation cost-effectiveness threshold with a repeat donation trend reaching 60%. In contrast Christian worshippers provided donations. Repeat donation trends amongst school donors and radio blood drives were 20% and 70% respectively. Repeat donations rates have been variable amongst different blood donor groups in Kumasi, Ghana. The impact of community leaders in propagating altruism cannot be overemphasized. Programs aiming at motivating replacement donors to be repeat donors should be developed and assessed. Copyright 2009 The International Association for Biologicals. All rights reserved.
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Once Upon A Time There Was Ana Mendieta / Bir Ana Mendieta Varmış, Bir Ana Mendieta Yokmuş
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nur BALKIR
2018-04-01
search of her physical and spiritual presence. Mendieta’s questioning and dissecting of such presence and her raced and gendered self requires an existential exploration. This paper will examine Mendieta’s approach through concepts of phenomenologists Heidegger’s existential space and Merleau Ponty’s ‘lived body’, which describes the roles of sensation in perception. Furthermore, Mendieta’s works will be compared to the works of Marcel Duchamp, Frida Kahlo and Rachel Whiteread on the basis of shared concepts. [TR: 8 Eylül 1985’te New York’taki Soho polis departmanı bir acil durum çağrısı aldı. Ünlü minimalist sanatçı Carl Andre, karısı Ana’nın, yaşadıkları apartmanın 34’üncü kat penceresinden düştüğünü söyleyerek yardım istiyordu. Yardım ekipleri ulaştığında Ana Mendieta’nın cansız bedenini New York Performans Sanatları Okulu’nun çaprazında buldu. Komşuları kısa süre önce onların dairesinden kavga sesleri duyduklarını söylüyorlardı. Mendieta’nın vücudundaki izlerden ve pencerenin konumundan yola çıkan polis, cinayetten şüphelenerek Andre’yi zanlı olarak gözaltına aldı. Davada, Andre’nin avukatları, sanatı ve hayat hikayesinden yola çıkarak Mendieta’nın intihara meyilli bir kişilik yapısı sergilediğini iddia ettiler. Mahkeme, Mendieta’nın intihar ettiğine, sanatına bakarak karar verdi. İronik biçimde, Mendieta’nın toprağı kazarak varlığa dönüştürdüğü “kendi”nden kalan boşluğu “intihara meyilli beden” ile doldurup kapattı. Sanatçının ölümü ve fiziki yokluğu, sanatının temel soruları olan zaman, mekan, beden, kimlik gibi kavramlar etrafından yorumlanarak ünlü “Silueta” serisinin altına, tabiri caizse serinin son işi olarak eklendi. Küba kökenli Amerikalı performans sanatçısı, heykeltraş, ressam ve video sanatçısı Ana Mendieta’nın yarattığı imgeler yeryüzü ve ruh arasında ilişkileri sorgularken, sevgi,
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Güleç, Melike
2015-01-01
Cam tavan, kadınların yetenek ve başarılarının göz ardı edilerek kadınları işletme içerisinde daha üst basamaklara çıkmaktan alıkoyan, görünmez ve kırılmaz bir engeldir. Cam tavan, diğer sektördeki işletmelerde olduğu gibi otel işletmelerinde de oldukça önemli bir sorundur. Kadınlar çalışma yaşamında sırf cinsiyetlerinden ve toplumun cinsiyetlerine yüklediği rol ve sorumluluklardan dolayı çeşitli tutum, davranış ve önyargılarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Kadınların çalışma yaşamında üst yö...
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KARACAOĞLU, Korhan
2018-01-01
İş güvencesizliği, mevcut işin sürekliliğine engel olacak her türlü yasal veya yasal olmayan örgütsel değişimler sonucunda ortaya çıkan, işgörende, belirsizlik düşüncesine dayalı olarak işini kaybetme kaygısı doğuran durumlardır. Alan yazında iş güvencesizliğinin sonuçlarından biri olan işten ayrılma niyeti ise bir çalışanın yakın bir zamanda işine son verme isteğiyle ilgili düşüncesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iş güvencesizliği ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki etkileşim Alanya ...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Leitersdorf, E.; Hobbs, H.H.; Fourie, A.M.; Jacobs, M.; Van Der Westhuyzen, D.R.; Coetzee, G.A.
1988-01-01
The ligand-binding domain of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is composed of seven cysteine-rich repeats, each ∼ 40 amino acids long. Previous studies showed that if the first repeat of the ligand-binding domain (encoded by exon 2) is deleted, the receptor fails to bind an anti-LDL receptor monoclonal antibody (IgG-C7) but continues to bind LDL with high affinity. Cultured fibroblasts from a Black South African Xhosa patient (TT) with the clinical syndrome of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia demonstrated high-affinity cell-surface binding of 125 I-labeled LDL but not 125 I-labeled IgG-C7. previous haplotype analysis, using 10 restriction fragment length polymorphic sites, suggested that the patient inherited two identical LDL receptor alleles. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to selectively amplify exon 2 of the LDL receptor gene from this patient. Sequence analysis of the amplified fragment disclosed a deletion of six base pairs that removes two amino acids, aspartic acid and glycine, from the first cysteine-rich ligand binding repeat. The mutation creates a new Pst I restriction site that can be used to detect the deletion. The existence of this mutant allele confirms that the epitope of IgG-C7 is located in the first cysteine-rich repeat and that this repeat is not necessary for LDL binding. The mutant gene produced a normally sized 120-kilodalton LDL receptor precursor protein that matured to the 160-kilodalton form at less than one-fourth the normal rate
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Characterization of the molecular basis of group II intron RNA recognition by CRS1-CRM domains.
Keren, Ido; Klipcan, Liron; Bezawork-Geleta, Ayenachew; Kolton, Max; Shaya, Felix; Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren
2008-08-22
CRM (chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation) is a recently recognized RNA-binding domain of ancient origin that has been retained in eukaryotic genomes only within the plant lineage. Whereas in bacteria CRM domains exist as single domain proteins involved in ribosome maturation, in plants they are found in a family of proteins that contain between one and four repeats. Several members of this family with multiple CRM domains have been shown to be required for the splicing of specific plastidic group II introns. Detailed biochemical analysis of one of these factors in maize, CRS1, demonstrated its high affinity and specific binding to the single group II intron whose splicing it facilitates, the plastid-encoded atpF intron RNA. Through its association with two intronic regions, CRS1 guides the folding of atpF intron RNA into its predicted "catalytically active" form. To understand how multiple CRM domains cooperate to achieve high affinity sequence-specific binding to RNA, we analyzed the RNA binding affinity and specificity associated with each individual CRM domain in CRS1; whereas CRM3 bound tightly to the RNA, CRM1 associated specifically with a unique region found within atpF intron domain I. CRM2, which demonstrated only low binding affinity, also seems to form specific interactions with regions localized to domains I, III, and IV. We further show that CRM domains share structural similarities and RNA binding characteristics with the well known RNA recognition motif domain.
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Panigrahi, Gagan B; Slean, Meghan M; Simard, Jodie P; Pearson, Christopher E
2012-12-07
Mismatch repair (MMR) is required for proper maintenance of the genome by protecting against mutations. The mismatch repair system has also been implicated as a driver of certain mutations, including disease-associated trinucleotide repeat instability. We recently revealed a requirement of hMutSβ in the repair of short slip-outs containing a single CTG repeat unit (1). The involvement of other MMR proteins in short trinucleotide repeat slip-out repair is unknown. Here we show that hMutLα is required for the highly efficient in vitro repair of single CTG repeat slip-outs, to the same degree as hMutSβ. HEK293T cell extracts, deficient in hMLH1, are unable to process single-repeat slip-outs, but are functional when complemented with hMutLα. The MMR-deficient hMLH1 mutant, T117M, which has a point mutation proximal to the ATP-binding domain, is defective in slip-out repair, further supporting a requirement for hMLH1 in the processing of short slip-outs and possibly the involvement of hMHL1 ATPase activity. Extracts of hPMS2-deficient HEC-1-A cells, which express hMLH1, hMLH3, and hPMS1, are only functional when complemented with hMutLα, indicating that neither hMutLβ nor hMutLγ is sufficient to repair short slip-outs. The resolution of clustered short slip-outs, which are poorly repaired, was partially dependent upon a functional hMutLα. The joint involvement of hMutSβ and hMutLα suggests that repeat instability may be the result of aberrant outcomes of repair attempts.
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Repeated DNA sequences in fungi
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dutta, S K
1974-11-01
Several fungal species, representatives of all broad groups like basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and phycomycetes, were examined for the nature of repeated DNA sequences by DNA:DNA reassociation studies using hydroxyapatite chromatography. All of the fungal species tested contained 10 to 20 percent repeated DNA sequences. There are approximately 100 to 110 copies of repeated DNA sequences of approximately 4 x 10/sup 7/ daltons piece size of each. Repeated DNA sequence homoduplexes showed on average 5/sup 0/C difference of T/sub e/50 (temperature at which 50 percent duplexes dissociate) values from the corresponding homoduplexes of unfractionated whole DNA. It is suggested that a part of repetitive sequences in fungi constitutes mitochondrial DNA and a part of it constitutes nuclear DNA. (auth)
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Topological characteristics of helical repeat proteins
Groves, M R; Barford, D
The recent elucidation of protein structures based upon repeating amino acid motifs, including the armadillo motif, the HEAT motif and tetratricopeptide repeats, reveals that they belong to the class of helical repeat proteins. These proteins share the common property of being assembled from tandem
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Biersmith, Bridget H.; Hammel, Michal; Geisbrecht, Erika R.; Bouyain, Samuel
2011-01-01
Neurogenesis depends on exquisitely regulated interactions between macromolecules on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. In particular, interactions between proteoglycans and members of the type IIa subgroup of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases underlie critical developmental processes such as the formation of synapses at the neuromuscular junction and the migration of axons to their appropriate targets. We report here the crystal structures of the first and second immunoglobulin-like domains of the Drosophila type IIa receptor Dlar and its mouse homologue LAR. These two domains adopt an unusual antiparallel arrangement that has not been previously observed in tandem repeats of immunoglobulin-like domains and that is presumably conserved in all type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases. PMID:21402080
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/ı/ Türkçede Bir Anasesbirim midir? Is The Letter of /ı/ Archiphoneme In Turkish?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fatih ÖZEK
2013-03-01
Full Text Available We can mention two letters of /ı/ in world languages. One ofthem is /ı/ (ы vowel called "yeri" in Russian language and the other is/ı/ vowel that is designated with [ï] in alphabet of internationaltranscription and that almost belongs to the Turkish language. The /ı/vowel of the Turkish language is a velarized, narrow, flat velum vowel interms of its characteristic features. It has normal duration. /a/, /i/ and/u/ vowels are generally deemed as cardinal vowels of the Turkishlanguage. According to this common view, eight vowels in the Turkishlanguage derived from these vowels. However, A.N. Baskakov thinksthat /ı/ is an archiphoneme and [i,u,ü] vowels are variants of the /ı/phoneme. This different view has had an influence on issuance of thispaper. It is possible to define the archiphoneme as main voicecontaining characteristics of more than one voice or first known voicesof a language. The archiphonemes are strong voices. They usually retaintheir existences. However, such characteristics are not seen in /ı/phoneme. Following determinations can be considered as evidenceshereof:1. qlıç (~ qılıç [cliç, cliz/kiliç] writings in Codex Cumanicus,2. Front palatalization of the /ı/ vowel in the first syllable (Uigur biş- ~ bış-‘mature, age out ’; Khorezm biş-; Kipchak biş- ~ piş-; Chagatai piş-; ETT piş-; Bashkir,Tatar, Turkmen, Azerbaijani biş-; Kazakh pis-; Uzbek, New Uigur, Gagauz, Trk. piş- Dünya dillerinde iki tane /ı/’dan bahsedilebilir. Bunlardan bir tanesi Rusça “yeri” adı verilen /ı/ (ы ünlüsü, diğeri ise uluslar arası transkripsiyon alfabesinde [ï] işaretiyle gösterilen ve neredeyse tamamen Türkçeye ait olan /ı/ ünlüsüdür. Türkçeye has /ı/ ünlüsü nitelik özellikleri bakımından kalın, dar, düz bir art damak ünlüsüdür. Nicelik bakımından ise normal sürelidir. /a/, /i/ ve /u/ ünlüleri genel olarak Türkçenin temel ünlüleri olarak kabul edilir. Bu yaygın görüşe g
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
MATHODIYIL S. MANJULA
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Plant disease resistance genes (R-genes are responsible for initiation of defense mechanism against various phytopathogens. The majority of plant R-genes are members of very large multi-gene families, which encode structurally related proteins containing nucleotide binding site domains (NBS and C-terminal leucine rich repeats (LRR. Other classes possess' an extracellular LRR domain, a transmembrane domain and sometimes, an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. R-proteins work in pathogen perception and/or the activation of conserved defense signaling networks. In the present study, sequences representing resistance gene analogues (RGAs of coconut, arecanut, oil palm and date palm were collected from NCBI, sorted based on domains and assembled into a database. The sequences were analyzed in PRINTS database to find out the conserved domains and their motifs present in the RGAs. Based on these domains, we have also developed a tool to predict the domains of palm R-genes using various machine learning algorithms. The model files were selected based on the performance of the best classifier in training and testing. All these information is stored and made available in the online ‘PRGpred' database and prediction tool.
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UK 2009-2010 repeat station report
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Thomas J.G. Shanahan
2013-03-01
Full Text Available The British Geological Survey is responsible for conducting the UK geomagnetic repeat station programme. Measurements made at the UK repeat station sites are used in conjunction with the three UK magnetic observatories: Hartland, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick, to produce a regional model of the local field each year. The UK network of repeat stations comprises 41 stations which are occupied at approximately 3-4 year intervals. Practices for conducting repeat station measurements continue to evolve as advances are made in survey instrumentation and as the usage of the data continues to change. Here, a summary of the 2009 and 2010 UK repeat station surveys is presented, highlighting the measurement process and techniques, density of network, reduction process and recent results.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ulaş BİNGÖL
2013-07-01
Full Text Available The theme of poem of Kürsî-i Istiğrâk written by Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan is nature that subject to obtain the philosophy of art from past to present. Looking at the history of art, one of the most processed issues are human and the other nature. Abdülhak Hamit receptions theelements of nature with aestheticism, and takes into categories such asthe aesthetic elements of the sublime and beautiful. Nature is decor andornaments in Divan Literature becomes a resource aesthetic objects inAbdülhak Hamit poems. Hamit asserts as elements in natureconsidered a poem such as the nature form that the work of art. Hereceptions such as measure, musicality and harmony of the elements ofthe art of poetry from nature. Aesthetic analysis of a work of art madewithin the framework aesthetic object, aesthetic subject, aestheticperception, aesthetic value and judgment. Analysis of material that thelanguage of literary products is more complex and laborious task otherworks of art aesthetic analysis. To knowledge the genius psychologicalstate of bringing the body text, to determine philosophical ideaspermeated the fabric of the text and the most importantly connectionsbetween the text and the establishment of the aesthetic discipline isessential. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aesthetic point ofAbdülhak Hamit Kürsî-i Istiğrâk poem. Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan’nın Kürsî-i İstiğrâk adlı manzumesinin konusu, sanat felsefesinin geçmişten günümüze üzerinde durduğu tabiattır. Sanat tarihine bakıldığında, en fazla işlenen iki konudan biri insandır diğeri ise tabiattır. Abdülhak Hamit, tabiattaki unsurları estetize ederek alımlar ve bu unsurları yüce, güzel gibi estetik kategoriler çerçevesinde ele alır. Divan edebiyatında dekor ve süs olan tabiat, Abdülhak Hamit’in şiirlerinde estetik objelerin bulunduğu bir kaynağa dönüşür. Hamit, tabiattaki unsurları birer şiir olarak telakki ederek tabiatın da sanat eseri gibi
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Glaucoma diagnosis by mapping macula with Fourier domain optical coherence tomography
Tan, Ou; Lu, Ake; Chopra, Vik; Varma, Rohit; Hiroshi, Ishikawa; Schuman, Joel; Huang, David
2008-03-01
A new image segmentation method was developed to detect macular retinal sub-layers boundary on newly-developed Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) with macular grid scan pattern. The segmentation results were used to create thickness map of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), which contains the ganglion cell dendrites, cell bodies and axons. Overall average and several pattern analysis parameters were defined on the GCC thickness map and compared for the diagnosis of glaucoma. Intraclass correlation (ICC) is used to compare the reproducibility of the parameters. Area under receiving operative characteristic curve (AROC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic power. The result is also compared to the output of clinical time-domain OCT (TD-OCT). We found that GCC based parameters had good repeatability and comparable diagnostic power with circumpapillary nerve fiber layer (cpNFL) thickness. Parameters based on pattern analysis can increase the diagnostic power of GCC macular mapping.
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Reject/repeat analysis and the effect prior film viewing has on a department's reject/repeat rate
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Clark, P.A.; Hogg, P.
2003-01-01
Purpose: Achieving cost-effectiveness within the NHS is an old initiative but one that has again been highlighted by recent government policies (The New NHS-Modern and Dependable, Stationary Office, London, 1997). It has been reiterated that it is the responsibility of individual Trusts to devise means to provide such a service. Reject/repeat analyses have long been the primary tool used to assess the cost-effectiveness of radiography departments (Quality Assurance in Diagnostic Radiology, WHO, Geneva, 1982). This research paper examines an in-house initiative (viewing patients' previous films) commonly employed in other Health Trusts in order to reduce departmental repeat/reject rates. Method: Three hundred orthopaedic patients with hip, knee and ankle prostheses were included in a reject/repeat analysis. The aim was to investigate whether or not viewing patient's previous relevant radiographs would be advantageous to the practicing radiographer. This was done through an audit cycle consisting of two audit periods each lasting for 3 months. The primary audit period recorded the baseline repeat/reject rate, with the secondary audit period recording the repeat/reject rate under an experimental condition of viewing the relevant radiographs. Results: The baseline audit revealed repeat rates of 33% in orthopaedic patients with hip, knee and ankle prostheses. The availability of prior film viewing to the radiographer reduced this repeat rate to 10.6%. Conclusion: Prior film viewing dramatically reduced the department's repeat/reject rate by 22.4%. This provides scope for significant patient dose reductions as well as reducing departmental film expenses. This is an underestimated initiative and should be used appropriately in routine clinical practice
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Linke, Christian; Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke, Sonja; Radjainia, Mazdak; Law, Ruby H. P.; Whisstock, James C.; Baker, Edward N.; Kreikemeyer, Bernd
2012-01-01
Streptococcus pyogenes is an exclusively human pathogen. Streptococcal attachment to and entry into epithelial cells is a prerequisite for a successful infection of the human host and requires adhesins. Here, we demonstrate that the multidomain protein Epf from S. pyogenes serotype M49 is a streptococcal adhesin. An epf-deficient mutant showed significantly decreased adhesion to and internalization into human keratinocytes. Cell adhesion is mediated by the N-terminal domain of Epf (EpfN) and increased by the human plasma protein plasminogen. The crystal structure of EpfN, solved at 1.6 Å resolution, shows that it consists of two subdomains: a carbohydrate-binding module and a fibronectin type III domain. Both fold types commonly participate in ligand receptor and protein-protein interactions. EpfN is followed by 18 repeats of a domain classified as DUF1542 (domain of unknown function 1542) and a C-terminal cell wall sorting signal. The DUF1542 repeats are not involved in adhesion, but biophysical studies show they are predominantly α-helical and form a fiber-like stalk of tandem DUF1542 domains. Epf thus conforms with the widespread family of adhesins known as MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules), in which a cell wall-attached stalk enables long range interactions via its adhesive N-terminal domain. PMID:22977243
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Özel Eğitim Danışmanlığı Süreci ve Bir Danışmanlık Örneği
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sema Batu
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Kaynaştırma uygulamalarından söz edildiğinde özel eğitim destek hizmetlerinin önemi ve gereği yadsınamaz. Ancak ülkemizde kaynaştırma uygulamaları çoğunlukla destek hizmetler olmaksızın gerçekleşmektedir. Özel eğitim destek hizmetleri üç başlık altında toplanabilmektedir. Kaynak-oda, sınıf-içi yardım ve özel eğitim danışmanlığı. Özel eğitim danışmanlığı diğer iki özel eğitim destek hizmet türüne göre daha farklı bir hizmet türüdür. Bu hizmet türünde, öğretmen aracılığıyla kaynaştırma öğrencisine dolaylı olarak yardım ulaştırılması söz konusudur. Giriş, sorunun belirlenmesi, çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesi, çözüm önerilerinin uygulanması ve sonuçların değerlendirilmesi aşamalarından oluşan özel eğitim danışmanlığı, özel eğitim öğretmenleri ya da özel eğitim konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip rehber öğretmenler tarafından gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu makalede özel eğitim danışmanlığının aşamaları ve her bir aşamaya dışkın bir uygulama örneği yer almaktadır. When the subject is mainstreaming, the importance and necessity of support services can not be denied. However, in Turkey, mainstreaming is still implemented without any support services. The support services can be classified into three groups resource-room in-class services and special education consultation. Special education consultation is a rather different suppor t system than the other two support services, special education consultation is an indirect service provided to the regular class teacher in order to solve the problems of the mainstreamed student in the class Introduction, identifying the problem developing solution suggestions, implementing the solution suggestions and evaluating the results are the steps of the special education consultation process in this paper, the steps of the consultation process will be explained and examples of each step will be
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Fuchs, Christian; Monticelli, Lara
2018-01-01
This introduction sets out the context of the special issue “Karl Marx @ 200: Debating Capitalism & Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory”, which was published on the occasion of Marx’s bicentenary on 5 May 2018. First, we give a brief overview of contemporary capitalism’s development...... and its crises. Second, we argue that it is important to repeat Marx today. Third, we reflect on lessons learned from 200 years of struggles for alternatives to capitalism. Fourth, we give an overview of the contributions in this special issue. Taken together, the contributions in this special issue show...... that Marx’s theory and politics remain key inspirations for understanding exploitation and domination in 21st-century society and for struggles that aim to overcome these phenomena and establishing a just and fair society. We need to repeat Marx today....
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Friedrich, Nikolas; Santos, Joana M; Liu, Yan; Palma, Angelina S; Leon, Ester; Saouros, Savvas; Kiso, Makoto; Blackman, Michael J; Matthews, Stephen; Feizi, Ten; Soldati-Favre, Dominique
2010-01-15
Numerous intracellular pathogens exploit cell surface glycoconjugates for host cell recognition and entry. Unlike bacteria and viruses, Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa actively invade host cells, and this process critically depends on adhesins (microneme proteins) released onto the parasite surface from intracellular organelles called micronemes (MIC). The microneme adhesive repeat (MAR) domain of T. gondii MIC1 (TgMIC1) recognizes sialic acid (Sia), a key determinant on the host cell surface for invasion by this pathogen. By complementation and invasion assays, we demonstrate that TgMIC1 is one important player in Sia-dependent invasion and that another novel Sia-binding lectin, designated TgMIC13, is also involved. Using BLAST searches, we identify a family of MAR-containing proteins in enteroparasitic coccidians, a subclass of apicomplexans, including T. gondii, suggesting that all these parasites exploit sialylated glycoconjugates on host cells as determinants for enteric invasion. Furthermore, this protein family might provide a basis for the broad host cell range observed for coccidians that form tissue cysts during chronic infection. Carbohydrate microarray analyses, corroborated by structural considerations, show that TgMIC13, TgMIC1, and its homologue Neospora caninum MIC1 (NcMIC1) share a preference for alpha2-3- over alpha2-6-linked sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sequences. However, the three lectins also display differences in binding preferences. Intense binding of TgMIC13 to alpha2-9-linked disialyl sequence reported on embryonal cells and relatively strong binding to 4-O-acetylated-Sia found on gut epithelium and binding of NcMIC1 to 6'sulfo-sialyl Lewis(x) might have implications for tissue tropism.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hannah E Gavin
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Vibrio vulnificus causes highly lethal bacterial infections in which the Multifunctional Autoprocessing Repeats-in-Toxins (MARTX toxin product of the rtxA1 gene is a key virulence factor. MARTX toxins are secreted proteins up to 5208 amino acids in size. Conserved MARTX N- and C-terminal repeat regions work in concert to form pores in eukaryotic cell membranes, through which the toxin's central region of modular effector domains is translocated. Upon inositol hexakisphosphate-induced activation of the of the MARTX cysteine protease domain (CPD in the eukaryotic cytosol, effector domains are released from the holotoxin by autoproteolytic activity. We previously reported that the native MARTX toxin effector domain repertoire is dispensable for epithelial cellular necrosis in vitro, but essential for cell rounding and apoptosis prior to necrotic cell death. Here we use an intragastric mouse model to demonstrate that the effector domain region is required for bacterial virulence during intragastric infection. The MARTX effector domain region is essential for bacterial dissemination from the intestine, but dissemination occurs in the absence of overt intestinal tissue pathology. We employ an in vitro model of V. vulnificus interaction with polarized colonic epithelial cells to show that the MARTX effector domain region induces rapid intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased paracellular permeability prior to onset of cell lysis. Together, these results negate the inherent assumption that observations of necrosis in vitro directly predict bacterial virulence, and indicate a paradigm shift in our conceptual understanding of MARTX toxin function during intestinal infection. Results implicate the MARTX effector domain region in mediating early bacterial dissemination from the intestine to distal organs-a key step in V. vulnificus foodborne pathogenesis-even before onset of overt intestinal pathology.
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Analysis of repeated measures data
Islam, M Ataharul
2017-01-01
This book presents a broad range of statistical techniques to address emerging needs in the field of repeated measures. It also provides a comprehensive overview of extensions of generalized linear models for the bivariate exponential family of distributions, which represent a new development in analysing repeated measures data. The demand for statistical models for correlated outcomes has grown rapidly recently, mainly due to presence of two types of underlying associations: associations between outcomes, and associations between explanatory variables and outcomes. The book systematically addresses key problems arising in the modelling of repeated measures data, bearing in mind those factors that play a major role in estimating the underlying relationships between covariates and outcome variables for correlated outcome data. In addition, it presents new approaches to addressing current challenges in the field of repeated measures and models based on conditional and joint probabilities. Markov models of first...
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Full-length model of the human galectin-4 and insights into dynamics of inter-domain communication
Rustiguel, Joane K.; Soares, Ricardo O. S.; Meisburger, Steve P.; Davis, Katherine M.; Malzbender, Kristina L.; Ando, Nozomi; Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo; Nonato, Maria Cristina
2016-09-01
Galectins are proteins involved in diverse cellular contexts due to their capacity to decipher and respond to the information encoded by β-galactoside sugars. In particular, human galectin-4, normally expressed in the healthy gastrointestinal tract, displays differential expression in cancerous tissues and is considered a potential drug target for liver and lung cancer. Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin characterized by two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker-peptide. Despite their relevance to cell function and pathogenesis, structural characterization of full-length tandem-repeat galectins has remained elusive. Here, we investigate galectin-4 using X-ray crystallography, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and differential scanning fluorimetry assays and describe for the first time a structural model for human galectin-4. Our results provide insight into the structural role of the linker-peptide and shed light on the dynamic characteristics of the mechanism of carbohydrate recognition among tandem-repeat galectins.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pınar BAYRAM
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Günümüzün en yaygın iletişim kanallarından biri olan sosyal medya, her gün milyonlarca insanı bir araya getirmektedir. Sosyal medya aracılığıyla, bir araya gelen “yabancılar”, yabancı kalarak (kimliğini deşifre etmeden birbirlerine “ne”yi (hangi mesajı iletir? Sosyal medya kullanımının insani ilişkiler üzerinde ne gibi bir etkisi var? Bu soruların yanıtını arayan çalışmanın, aynı zamanda sosyal medya çalışmalarına katkı sağlama amacı da bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma için seçilen örneklem, facebook sitesinde yer alarak 2013 yılından günümüze dek aktif olarak kullanılan ve 3 Kasım 2014’te 15.094 takipçisi bulunan “Muğla İtiraf” isimli sayfadır. Çalışmada, belirtilen tarihler arasında, sayfada paylaşılan gönderiler incelenmiş ve paylaşım yoğunluklarına göre kategorileştirilmiştir. Buna göre en yoğun paylaşımlar, şikayet, beklenti ve deşifre odaklı olmuştur. Çalışmanın teorik çerçevesini ise Zygmunt Baumann’ın insani ilişkiler yaklaşımı ve Huizinga’nın oyun teorisi oluşturmuştur. / Social media, one of the most widespread communication channels of today, brings together millions of people every day. What (which message do the strangers who come together through social media convey to each other by remaining stranger (without revealing their identity? What kind of impacts do social media usage have on people’s lives? The study seeks answers to this question and it aims to make contribution to social media studies. In this context the sample chosen for the study is the “Muğla Confessions” page which is active since 2013 on Facebook site and has 15.094 followers on the 3rd of November, 2014. In the paper the messages shared on the page between the given dates has been examined and categorised according to their sharing traffic. Accordingly the most frequent sharings are complaints, expectation and decipher. Theoretical framework
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The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain.
Yu, Xiaochun; Chini, Claudia Christiano Silva; He, Miao; Mer, Georges; Chen, Junjie
2003-10-24
The carboxyl-terminal domain (BRCT) of the Breast Cancer Gene 1 (BRCA1) protein is an evolutionarily conserved module that exists in a large number of proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although most BRCT domain-containing proteins participate in DNA-damage checkpoint or DNA-repair pathways, or both, the function of the BRCT domain is not fully understood. We show that the BRCA1 BRCT domain directly interacts with phosphorylated BRCA1-Associated Carboxyl-terminal Helicase (BACH1). This specific interaction between BRCA1 and phosphorylated BACH1 is cell cycle regulated and is required for DNA damage-induced checkpoint control during the transition from G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. Further, we show that two other BRCT domains interact with their respective physiological partners in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thirteen additional BRCT domains also preferentially bind phospho-peptides rather than nonphosphorylated control peptides. These data imply that the BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain involved in cell cycle control.
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Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Fibronectin Domains in Insulin Receptor-Related Receptor
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Igor E. Deyev
2017-11-01
Full Text Available The orphan insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR, in contrast to its close homologs, the insulin receptor (IR and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR can be activated by mildly alkaline extracellular medium. We have previously demonstrated that IRR activation is defined by its extracellular region, involves multiple domains, and shows positive cooperativity with two synergistic sites. By the analyses of point mutants and chimeras of IRR with IR in, we now address the role of the fibronectin type III (FnIII repeats in the IRR pH-sensing. The first activation site includes the intrinsically disordered subdomain ID (646–716 within the FnIII-2 domain at the C-terminus of IRR alpha subunit together with closely located residues L135, G188, R244, H318, and K319 of L1 and C domains of the second subunit. The second site involves residue T582 of FnIII-1 domain at the top of IRR lambda-shape pyramid together with M406, V407, and D408 from L2 domain within the second subunit. A possible importance of the IRR carbohydrate moiety for its activation was also assessed. IRR is normally less glycosylated than IR and IGF-IR. Swapping both FnIII-2 and FnIII-3 IRR domains with those of IR shifted beta-subunit mass from 68 kDa for IRR to about 100 kDa due to increased glycosylation and abolished the IRR pH response. However, mutations of four asparagine residues, potential glycosylation sites in chimera IRR with swapped FnIII-2/3 domains of IR, decreased the chimera glycosylation and resulted in a partial restoration of IRR pH-sensing activity, suggesting that the extensive glycosylation of FnIII-2/3 provides steric hindrance for the alkali-induced rearrangement of the IRR ectodomain.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Derya ÖZVERİ
2013-07-01
Full Text Available The ‘property dispute’ of the Cyprus issue is just one of many layers of the problem. Not only, is it related to the fundamental rights of around 210,000 internally displaced people of the island, but it will also be a focal parameter to economic and social ends in the event of reunification. After presenting a brief historical overview of the problem and the two official positions of both Turkish and Greek sides - the achievement of ‘bizonality’ and the restoration of ‘human rights-, this article seeks to elaborate these two specific positions with a special focus of the cases of Loizidou v. Turkey and Xenides-Arestis v.Turkey in European Court of Human Rights which put the Immovable Property Commission in the focus for the restoration of property claims of displaced people throughout the island. The article argues that the exhaustion of domestic remedies through the Immovable Property Commission could give a new impetus on the negotiation table to the property issue against all odds. Besides this new institutional structure given by the Immovable Property Commission could set a new venue for solving the dispute which has been always in a deadlock for so many years with both parties and with their unarguable positions. Mülkiyet tartışması, Kıbrıs sorununun, çok katmanlı ve yıllardır çözüm bekleyen konularından sadece biri olarak görünse de; ada içinde yerlerinden olmuş 210.000´e yakın kişiyi ilgilendiren ve tüm adanın sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel yapısını temelinden değiştiren bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır..Mülkiyet tartışmasının çok önemli bir uzlaşmazlık konusu olması ayrıca, adanın tekrar birleşmesi ihtimalinde de bu konunun yine barış masasına yatırılacak ve görüşmeleri kökünden degiştirecek yapıda bır sorun olmasından da kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma da, mülkiyet tartışmasının adanıngeleceği içindeki önemini, öncelikle tarihsel arka plan
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nihat YILMAZ
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Siyaset Biliminin bir alt disiplini olarak karşılaştırmalı siyaset biliminin popülaritesi günümüzde gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu disiplin, farklı ülkelerin siyasal sistemleri hakkında detaylı bilgiler vermesinden dolayı fazlaca önemsenmektedir. Günümüzde ilginin giderek arttığı böyle bir alanın tarihsel geçmişi ise oldukça eski dönemlere dayanmaktadır. karşılaştırmalı siyaset bilimi alanında yapılan ilk siyasal sistem sınıflandırmaları Antik Yunan döneminde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bundan dolayı bu makalede, batı siyasal düşüncesi içerisinde yer alan Antik Yunan dönemindeki siyasal sistem sınıflandırmalarının bazı düşünürler bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Makalede, öncelikle temel kavramlar olan karşılaştırmalı siyaset bilimi ve siyasal sistem kavramlarına değinilmekte ve daha sonra Antik Yunan dönemi siyasal sistem sınıflandırmaları Heredotos, Platon ve Aristoteles örnekleri ile incelenmektedir.
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Engelke, Michael; Friedrich, Olaf; Budde, Petra; Schäfer, Christina; Niemann, Ursula; Zitt, Christof; Jüngling, Eberhard; Rocks, Oliver; Lückhoff, Andreas; Frey, Jürgen
2002-07-17
Transient receptor potential proteins (TRP) are supposed to participate in the formation of store-operated Ca(2+) influx channels by co-assembly. However, little is known which domains facilitate the interaction of subunits. Contribution of the N-terminal coiled-coil domain and ankyrin-like repeats and the putative pore region of the mouse TRP1beta (mTRP1beta) variant to the formation of functional cation channels were analyzed following overexpression in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. MTRP1beta expressing cells exhibited enhanced Ca(2+) influx and enhanced whole-cell membrane currents compared to mTRP1beta deletion mutants. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay only the coiled-coil domain facilitated homodimerization of the N-terminus. These results suggest that the N-terminus of mTRP1beta is required for structural organization thus forming functional channels.
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Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II interacts with the leucin rich repeat of NLR family member Ipaf.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Federico Cividini
Full Text Available IMP/GMP preferring cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (cN-II is a bifunctional enzyme whose activities and expression play crucial roles in nucleotide pool maintenance, nucleotide-dependent pathways and programmed cell death. Alignment of primary amino acid sequences of cN-II from human and other organisms show a strong conservation throughout the entire vertebrata taxon suggesting a fundamental role in eukaryotic cells. With the aim to investigate the potential role of this homology in protein-protein interactions, a two hybrid system screening of cN-II interactors was performed in S. cerevisiae. Among the X positive hits, the Leucin Rich Repeat (LRR domain of Ipaf was found to interact with cN-II. Recombinant Ipaf isoform B (lacking the Nucleotide Binding Domain was used in an in vitro affinity chromatography assay confirming the interaction obtained in the screening. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation with proteins from wild type Human Embryonic Kidney 293 T cells demonstrated that endogenous cN-II co-immunoprecipitated both with wild type Ipaf and its LRR domain after transfection with corresponding expression vectors, but not with Ipaf lacking the LRR domain. These results suggest that the interaction takes place through the LRR domain of Ipaf. In addition, a proximity ligation assay was performed in A549 lung carcinoma cells and in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and showed a positive cytosolic signal, confirming that this interaction occurs in human cells. This is the first report of a protein-protein interaction involving cN-II, suggesting either novel functions or an additional level of regulation of this complex enzyme.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arif Yılmaz
2008-06-01
Full Text Available This study aims that during early childhood stage, access to quality education programs and books have a vital importance and in that context, public libraries' children departments have an essential mission to support preschool children. This is a descriptive study that used qualitative method. While collecting data of MIHK, observations, interviews, and documents were used as data collection technique and the data was analyzed in that sense. IFLA 's "Guidelines for Children's Libraries Services " was used as a framework to evaluate the findings. According to the results, MCPL system is very successful in regard to accomplishing the terms of IFLA's guidelines to support preschool children; however in fulfilling all of these there is a definite need for strong financial structure and support from the society. Bu çalışma ile erken çocukluk döneminde kaliteli eğitim programlarının ve kitaplara erişimin önemi ortaya konmakta ve bu bağlamda halk kütüphanelerinin çocuk bölümlerinin ne kadar önemli bir misyona sahip oldukları hatırlatılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu makale tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır ve çalışmada niteliksel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Monroe İlçe Halk Kütüphanesi (MİHK verileri toplanırken, gözlem, görüşme ve belge toplama teknikleri kullanılmış ve veriler bu doğrultuda analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular IFLA 'nın "Çocuklara Yönelik Kütüphane Hizmetleri Rehberi "nde bahsedilen on ana başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki MİHK sistemi çocuklara yönelik olarak IFLA standartlarına göre oldukça başarılı bir şekilde hizmet vermektedir. Ancak, bu çalışma ayrıca şunu göstermektedir ki, ele alınan konuda örnek olabilmek ve gerekliliklerin yerine gelebilmesi için kütüphanelerin güçlü bir mali yapı ve toplum desteğine ihtiyaç vardır.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hjørland, Birger
2017-01-01
The domain-analytic approach to knowledge organization (KO) (and to the broader field of library and information science, LIS) is outlined. The article reviews the discussions and proposals on the definition of domains, and provides an example of a domain-analytic study in the field of art studies....... Varieties of domain analysis as well as criticism and controversies are presented and discussed....
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Inferring domain-domain interactions from protein-protein interactions with formal concept analysis.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Susan Khor
Full Text Available Identifying reliable domain-domain interactions will increase our ability to predict novel protein-protein interactions, to unravel interactions in protein complexes, and thus gain more information about the function and behavior of genes. One of the challenges of identifying reliable domain-domain interactions is domain promiscuity. Promiscuous domains are domains that can occur in many domain architectures and are therefore found in many proteins. This becomes a problem for a method where the score of a domain-pair is the ratio between observed and expected frequencies because the protein-protein interaction network is sparse. As such, many protein-pairs will be non-interacting and domain-pairs with promiscuous domains will be penalized. This domain promiscuity challenge to the problem of inferring reliable domain-domain interactions from protein-protein interactions has been recognized, and a number of work-arounds have been proposed. This paper reports on an application of Formal Concept Analysis to this problem. It is found that the relationship between formal concepts provides a natural way for rare domains to elevate the rank of promiscuous domain-pairs and enrich highly ranked domain-pairs with reliable domain-domain interactions. This piggybacking of promiscuous domain-pairs onto less promiscuous domain-pairs is possible only with concept lattices whose attribute-labels are not reduced and is enhanced by the presence of proteins that comprise both promiscuous and rare domains.
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Inferring Domain-Domain Interactions from Protein-Protein Interactions with Formal Concept Analysis
Khor, Susan
2014-01-01
Identifying reliable domain-domain interactions will increase our ability to predict novel protein-protein interactions, to unravel interactions in protein complexes, and thus gain more information about the function and behavior of genes. One of the challenges of identifying reliable domain-domain interactions is domain promiscuity. Promiscuous domains are domains that can occur in many domain architectures and are therefore found in many proteins. This becomes a problem for a method where the score of a domain-pair is the ratio between observed and expected frequencies because the protein-protein interaction network is sparse. As such, many protein-pairs will be non-interacting and domain-pairs with promiscuous domains will be penalized. This domain promiscuity challenge to the problem of inferring reliable domain-domain interactions from protein-protein interactions has been recognized, and a number of work-arounds have been proposed. This paper reports on an application of Formal Concept Analysis to this problem. It is found that the relationship between formal concepts provides a natural way for rare domains to elevate the rank of promiscuous domain-pairs and enrich highly ranked domain-pairs with reliable domain-domain interactions. This piggybacking of promiscuous domain-pairs onto less promiscuous domain-pairs is possible only with concept lattices whose attribute-labels are not reduced and is enhanced by the presence of proteins that comprise both promiscuous and rare domains. PMID:24586450
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Li, Guanghui; Zhu, Min; Ma, Lu; Yan, Junrong; Lu, Xiaoling; Shen, Yanfei; Wan, Yakun
2016-06-08
A phage display library of variable domain of the heavy chain only antibody or nanobody (Nb) was constructed after immunizing a bactrian camel with testosterone. With the smaller molecular size (15 kDa), improved solubility, good stability, high affinity, specificity, and lower immunogenicity, Nbs are a promising tool in the next generation of diagnosis and medical applications. Testosterone is a reproductive hormone, playing an important role in normal cardiac function and being the highly predictive marker for many diseases. Herein, a simple and sensitive immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Nbs was successfully developed for the determination of testosterone. We successfully isolated the antitestosterone Nbs from an immune phage display library. Moreover, one of the Nbs was biotinylated according to in vivo BirA system, which showed the highest production yield and the most stable case. Further, the EIS immunosensor was set up for testosterone detection by applying the biotinylated antitestosterone Nb. As a result, the biosensor exhibited a linear working range from 0.05 to 5 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.045 ng mL(-1). In addition, the proposed immunosensor was successfully applied in determining testosterone in serum samples. In conclusion, the proposed immunosensor revealed high specificity of testosterone detection and showed as a potential approach for sensitive and accurate diagnosis of testosterone.
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Biržoje prekiaujamų fondų (ETF bendrojo išlaidų rodiklio tyrimas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lukas Macijauskas
2011-07-01
Full Text Available Diskusijai, kuris – pasyvus ar aktyvus – investicijų valdymas yra efektyvesnis, ryškėjant, biržoje prekiaujami fondai (Exchange Traded Funds – ETF sulaukia vis didesnio investuotojų dėmesio, o tai skatina detalesnius šių priemonių tyrinėjimus. Pagrindinis šio straipsnio tikslas – įvairiais aspektais analizuoti šių finansinių priemonių bendrąjį išlaidų rodiklį (Total Expense Ratio (TER. Naudodami duomenų bazę, kurią sudaro 1020 ETF, apskaičiavome, kad paprastųjų, t. y. nenaudojančių sverto ir ne atvirkštinių ETF, svertinis bendrojo išlaidų rodiklio vidurkis (įvertinant kapitalizaciją yra lygus 0,32 proc. Analizė rodo, kad atvirkštiniai ir svertiniai ETF vidutiniškai apie 3 kartus brangesni nei paprastieji ETF. Atlikę skaičiavimus nustatėme, kad bendrasis išlaidų rodiklis yra gerokai mažesnis nei vidutinių investicinių fondų. Tai leidžia daryti išvadą, kad vertinant per išlaidų koeficiento prizmę, ETF yra daug efektyvesnė investavimo priemonė nei įprasti investiciniai fondai.Straipsnis lietuvių kalba
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OZTURK, Eda
2018-01-01
Ağızdan ağıza reklam en eski reklam türlerinden biridir. Son yıllardaki hızlı gelişiminin altında yatan güç ise internetin yükselişi olmuştur. İnternet ağızdan ağıza reklam için yeni kanallar yaratmıştır. Sosyal Paylaşım siteleri bu yeni kanallar içerisinde en önde gelenlerden birini oluşturmaktadır. Tüm bu gelişmelere rağmen internette ağızdan ağıza reklam halen yeni bir olgudur ve alanda konuya dair sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada önce uygulamanın gelişimine ye...
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Parametrik Olmayan Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi ve Sağlık Alanında Bir Uygulaması
PASİN, Özge; ANKARALI, Handan; CANGÜR, Şengül; SUNGUR, Mehmet Ali
2016-01-01
Sağlık araştırmalarında, etkenlerin genellikle birbirleriyle ilişkili birden fazla sonucu olabilir. Bu ilişkili sonuçları ayrı analiz etmek 1.Tip hatanın artmasına neden olur. Ancak pratik uygulamalarda veri analizinde sıklıkla bu hata yapılmakta, daha basit, kolay yorumlanabilen tek değişkenli analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Ayrıca sağlık araştırmalarındaki özelliklerin önemli bir bölümü tek değişkenli parametrik modellerin varsayımlarından olan normal dağılım ve varyansların homo...
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simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR)
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Yomi
2012-01-19
Jan 19, 2012 ... 212 primer pairs selected, based on repeat patterns of n≥8 for di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeat ... Cluster analysis revealed a high genetic similarity among the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding lines which could reduce the genetic gain in ..... The multiple allele characteristic of SSR com-.
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Nifty Nines and Repeating Decimals
Brown, Scott A.
2016-01-01
The traditional technique for converting repeating decimals to common fractions can be found in nearly every algebra textbook that has been published, as well as in many precalculus texts. However, students generally encounter repeating decimal numerals earlier than high school when they study rational numbers in prealgebra classes. Therefore, how…
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Repeated Prescribed Burning in Aspen
Donald A. Perala
1974-01-01
Infrequent burning weather, low flammability of the aspen-hardwood association, and prolific sprouting and seeding of shrubs and hardwoods made repeated dormant season burning a poor tool to convert good site aspen to conifers. Repeat fall burns for wildlife habitat maintenance is workable if species composition changes are not important.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jang, Y. H.; Kim, C. H.; Hwang, H. J.; Cho, J. H.; Moon, H. B.; Bhang, S. H.
2011-01-01
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has been used to investigate the photoinduced effect of ferroelectric domains in PbZr 1-x Ti x O 3 (PZT) thin films. In order to perform nondestructive visualization of the high-resolution domain structure, we optimized the imaging condition, such as applying a lower voltage than 1.0 Vpp (peak-to-peak voltage). In this study, domain changes were measured before and after illumination on the surface of PZT films by using an UV light emitting diode (LED) source (λ = 310 nm) with a focusing lens to investigate the influence of the photoinduced carriers on the ferroelectric polarization. In addition, to investigate the photoinduced effects on the domain distribution, we performed histogram of positive and negative domains before and after UV-light illumination. The illumination with UV light resulted in an increase of the positive domain of the out-of-plane mode. Also, a change in the out-of-plane domain distribution was observed before and after UV illumination. The relaxation of photoinduced changes was monitored by repeated scans within a time range of 20 ∼ 60 minutes.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet TEKİN
2016-04-01
Full Text Available There have been quickly increases in the production and consumption in the world depending industrialization and technological progress. Both producers and consumers may look out for themselves during this process, but disregard the negative externalities which they can cause. This situation may devastate the environment which is a global public good. Therefore, many countries, notably EU countries, haven taken a series of measures and especially environment tax is included in the tax legislation. This study examined the impact of environment taxes on the environmental pollution in 25 EU countries during the period 1995-2012 by using panel data analysis. We found that total environment taxes and transportation taxes did not have impact on the environmental pollution, while energy taxes had negative impact on the environmental pollution. Dünyada sanayileşme ve teknolojik ilerlemelere bağlı olarak üretim ve tüketim faaliyetlerinde hızla artış yaşanmaktadır. Bu süreçte gerek üreticiler gerekse tüketiciler kendi çıkarlarını ön planda tutabilmekte, buna karşın neden olabilecekleri negatif dışsallıkları ise dikkate almayabilmektedirler. Bu durum özellikle küresel kamusal mal olan çevre üzerinde önemli tahribatlara yol açabilmektedir. AB ülkeleri başta olmak üzere birçok ülkede bir dizi tedbirlere başvurulmakta ve özellikle çevre vergisi vergi mevzuatına dahil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada panel veri analizi kullanılarak 1995-2012 döneminde 25 Avrupa Birliği ülkesinde çevre vergilerinin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda toplam çevre vergileri ve ulaşım vergilerinin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkisinin olmadığı, enerji vergilerinin ise çevre kirliliği üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yusuf DEMİREL
2014-11-01
Full Text Available Betonun basınç dayanımı, betonarme sistemin yapısal bütünlüğü açısından hayati önem taşımaktadır. Gerek inşaat aşamasında gerekse inşaat tamamlandıktan sonra, farklı yapı elemanlarındaki basınç dayanımlarının bilinmesi, kontrol ve değerlendirme yapılabilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Standartların ve yönetmeliklerin değişimiyle kontrol ve değerlendirme için beton dayanımının tespiti daha da önem kazanmıştır.Yapıya az hasar verecek şekilde, beton dayanımının bulunması önemlidir. Geri sıçramalı çekiç ile beton dayanımı tespiti ekonomik, pratik ve hasarsız olması nedeniyle çok kullanışlı bir yöntemdir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, geri sıçramalı çekiç ile karot numunesinden bulunan beton dayanımı arasında tutarsızlıklar gözlenmiştir. Geri sıçramalı çekiç okumaları herhangi bir düzeltme faktör dikkate alınmadan kullanılmaktadır. Bu da geri sıçramalı çekicin kullanımını ve güvenirliğini azaltmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, fck=14, fck=20 ve fck=24 MPa dayanımlara sahip deney elemanlarında 0.013N0-0.2N0-0.3N0-0.4N0-0.5N0-0.6N0-0.7N0 yük düzeylerinde her dört yüzeyinden en az beşer adet geri sıçramalı çekiç okuması alınmış, standart sapma analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen dayanımların, eksenel yük düzeyi ile değişimi irdelenmiştir. Eksenel yük düzeyinin de ayrı bir sapma yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Eksenel yük düzeyine göre, geri sıçramalı çekiç verileri için rekrasyon doğrusu bulunmuştur. Geri sıçramalı çekiç ile beton dayanımın elde edilmesinde eksenel yük düzeyinin de bir düzeltme faktörü olarak dikkate alması gerektiği görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Beton dayanımı tespiti, Geri sıçramalı çekiç, Eksenel yük düzeyi, Rekrasyon doğrusu
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Lo, June C.; Groeger, John A.; Santhi, Nayantara; Arbon, Emma L.; Lazar, Alpar S.; Hasan, Sibah; von Schantz, Malcolm; Archer, Simon N.; Dijk, Derk-Jan
2012-01-01
Background Cognitive performance deteriorates during extended wakefulness and circadian phase misalignment, and some individuals are more affected than others. Whether performance is affected similarly across cognitive domains, or whether cognitive processes involving Executive Functions are more sensitive to sleep and circadian misalignment than Alertness and Sustained Attention, is a matter of debate. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a 2 × 12-day laboratory protocol to characterize the interaction of repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation and circadian phase on performance across seven cognitive domains in 36 individuals (18 males; mean ± SD of age = 27.6±4.0 years). The sample was stratified for the rs57875989 polymorphism in PER3, which confers cognitive susceptibility to total sleep deprivation. We observed a deterioration of performance during both repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation. Furthermore, prior partial sleep deprivation led to poorer cognitive performance in a subsequent total sleep deprivation period, but its effect was modulated by circadian phase such that it was virtually absent in the evening wake maintenance zone, and most prominent during early morning hours. A significant effect of PER3 genotype was observed for Subjective Alertness during partial sleep deprivation and on n-back tasks with a high executive load when assessed in the morning hours during total sleep deprivation after partial sleep loss. Overall, however, Subjective Alertness and Sustained Attention were more affected by both partial and total sleep deprivation than other cognitive domains and tasks including n-back tasks of Working Memory, even when implemented with a high executive load. Conclusions/Significance Sleep loss has a primary effect on Sleepiness and Sustained Attention with much smaller effects on challenging Working Memory tasks. These findings have implications for understanding how sleep debt and circadian rhythmicity
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İşitme Engelli Bir Çocuğun Okuma Yazma Becerilerinin Dil Deneyim Yaklaşımı İle Desteklenmesi
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H. Pelin Karasu
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Dil Deneyim Yaklaşımı; dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma becerilerinin bir arada kullanılması ve okuma materyallerinin öğrencilerin deneyimleriyle oluşturulması temeline dayanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, işitme engelli bir çocuğun okuma yazma becerilerinin gelişiminin Dil Deneyim Yaklaşımı ile desteklenme sürecinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma, bu amaç doğrultusunda, eylem araştırması şeklinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları; araştırmacı öğretmen, geçerlik komitesi üyeleri, ilkokul 2. sınıfa devam eden işitme engelli bir öğrenci ve sınıf öğretmenidir. Araştırma verileri; araştırmacı günlüğü, belgeler, görüşmeler, uygulama planları, uygulama videoteyp kayıtları ve formel olmayan değerlendirmeler kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, sürecin iki evrede gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Bu evreler; sıralı kartlardaki olayların sözlü ve yazılı dille paylaşılması ile kelime bankası ve sözdizimi etkinliğidir. Araştırma sonuçları; dil deneyim uygulamalarının sözlü dilin gelişmesi için fırsatlar sağladığını, sözel ipuçlarının kullanılmasına, düşüncelerin sözlü ve yazılı dille ifade edilmesine olanak verdiğini, sözcük dağarcığı ve sözdizimine ilişkin ihtiyaçların belirlenmesini sağlayarak öğrencinin düzeyine uygun etkinliklerin hazırlanmasına fırsat sağladığını göstermektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Dil deneyim yaklaşımı, okuma yazma becerileri, işitme engelli çocuk Supporting a Hearing Impaired Child’s Literacy Development With Language Experience Approach Abstract Language Experience Approach (LEA emphasizes the synergy among listening, speaking, reading and writing skills and suggests considering learners’ experiences while preparing reading materials. The aim of the current study is to investigate LEA’s supportive role in a hearing impaired child’s literacy development. In
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Structural plasticity of the N-terminal capping helix of the TPR domain of kinesin light chain.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
The Quyen Nguyen
Full Text Available Kinesin1 plays a major role in neuronal transport by recruiting many different cargos through its kinesin light chain (KLC. Various structurally unrelated cargos interact with the conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR domain of KLC. The N-terminal capping helix of the TPR domain exhibits an atypical sequence and structural features that may contribute to the versatility of the TPR domain to bind different cargos. We determined crystal structures of the TPR domain of both KLC1 and KLC2 encompassing the N-terminal capping helix and show that this helix exhibits two distinct and defined orientations relative to the rest of the TPR domain. Such a difference in orientation gives rise, at the N-terminal part of the groove, to the formation of one hydrophobic pocket, as well as to electrostatic variations at the groove surface. We present a comprehensive structural analysis of available KLC1/2-TPR domain structures that highlights that ligand binding into the groove can be specific of one or the other N-terminal capping helix orientations. Further, structural analysis reveals that the N-terminal capping helix is always involved in crystal packing contacts, especially in a TPR1:TPR1' contact which highlights its propensity to be a protein-protein interaction site. Together, these results underline that the structural plasticity of the N-terminal capping helix might represent a structural determinant for TPR domain structural versatility in cargo binding.
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Socioeconomic inequality in domains of health: results from the World Health Surveys
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hosseinpoor Ahmad
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background In all countries people of lower socioeconomic status evaluate their health more poorly. Yet in reporting overall health, individuals consider multiple domains that comprise their perceived health state. Considered alone, overall measures of self-reported health mask differences in the domains of health. The aim of this study is to compare and assess socioeconomic inequalities in each of the individual health domains and in a separate measure of overall health. Methods Data on 247,037 adults aged 18 or older were analyzed from 57 countries, drawn from all national income groups, participating in the World Health Survey 2002-2004. The analysis was repeated for lower- and higher-income countries. Prevalence estimates of poor self-rated health (SRH were calculated for each domain and for overall health according to wealth quintiles and education levels. Relative socioeconomic inequalities in SRH were measured for each of the eight health domains and for overall health, according to wealth quintiles and education levels, using the relative index of inequality (RII. A RII value greater than one indicated greater prevalence of self-reported poor health among populations of lower socioeconomic status, called pro-rich inequality. Results There was a descending gradient in the prevalence of poor health, moving from the poorest wealth quintile to the richest, and moving from the lowest to the highest educated groups. Inequalities which favor groups who are advantaged either with respect to wealth or education, were consistently statistically significant in each of the individual domains of health, and in health overall. However the size of these inequalities differed between health domains. The prevalence of reporting poor health was higher in the lower-income country group. Relative socioeconomic inequalities in the health domains and overall health were higher in the higher-income country group than the lower-income country group
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The YARHG domain: an extracellular domain in search of a function.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Penny Coggill
Full Text Available We have identified a new bacterial protein domain that we hypothesise binds to peptidoglycan. This domain is called the YARHG domain after the most highly conserved sequence-segment. The domain is found in the extracellular space and is likely to be composed of four alpha-helices. The domain is found associated with protein kinase domains, suggesting it is associated with signalling in some bacteria. The domain is also found associated with three different families of peptidases. The large number of different domains that are found associated with YARHG suggests that it is a useful functional module that nature has recombined multiple times.
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Repeatability and comparison of clinical techniques for anterior chamber angle assessment.
Campbell, Peter; Redmond, Tony; Agarwal, Rishi; Marshall, Lewis R; Evans, Bruce J W
2015-03-01
To assess the repeatability of gonioscopy, van Herick method and anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) and determine the agreement between these techniques within a community optometry setting. Gonioscopy, van Herick method and AS-OCT imaging were performed by an optometrist on two occasions, 1 month apart, on 80 subjects aged over 40 years recruited from community optometry practices. Anterior segment images were captured with a spectral domain OCT (Topcon 3D OCT-2000; wavelength 840 nm) set to the Anterior Segment (AS) mode. Eyes were graded as open or occludable for each method. AS-OCT images from both visits were graded by a second optometrist masked to the gonioscopy and van Herick method results, and the visit on which the images were acquired. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to describe the intra-observer repeatability. Likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity of van Herick method and AS-OCT were calculated, using gonioscopy as the reference standard. Measurements were obtained from 80 eyes of 80 subjects. In four cases, AS-OCT images were un-gradable due to difficulty in locating the scleral spur. The repeatability of gonioscopy was fair κ = 0.29, while that of the van Herick method (κ = 0.54) and AS-OCT (κ = 0.47) were somewhat better. The van Herick method showed good sensitivity (visit 1: 75%, visit 2: 69%) and high specificity (visit 1: 88%, visit 2: 96%). The sensitivity of AS-OCT was fair (visit 1: 46%, visit 2: 25%), but specificity was high (visit 1: 87%. visit 2: 89%). Intra-observer repeatability was better for van Herick method and for AS-OCT than for gonioscopy, despite the latter being considered the gold standard method. The van Herick method appeared to be more sensitive than AS-OCT when identifying eyes at risk of angle closure. A standalone anterior segment OCT with a longer wavelength laser could afford better visualisation of the angle, and might therefore be expected to enable the examiner to make more
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Xie, Xi; Kan, Qianhua; Kang, Guozheng; Li, Jian; Qiu, Bo; Yu, Chao
2016-01-01
The strain field of a super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and its variation during uniaxial cyclic tension-unloading were observed by a non-contact digital image correlation method, and then the transformation domains and their evolutions were indirectly investigated and discussed. It is seen that the super-elastic NiTi (SMA) exhibits a remarkable localized deformation and the transformation domains evolve periodically with the repeated cyclic tension-unloading within the first several cycles. However, the evolutions of transformation domains at the stage of stable cyclic transformation depend on applied peak stress: when the peak stress is low, no obvious transformation band is observed and the strain field is nearly uniform; when the peak stress is large enough, obvious transformation bands occur due to the residual martensite caused by the prevention of enriched dislocations to the reverse transformation from induced martensite to austenite. Temperature variations measured by an infrared thermal imaging method further verifies the formation and evolution of transformation domains. (paper)
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Xie, Xi; Kan, Qianhua; Kang, Guozheng; Li, Jian; Qiu, Bo; Yu, Chao
2016-04-01
The strain field of a super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and its variation during uniaxial cyclic tension-unloading were observed by a non-contact digital image correlation method, and then the transformation domains and their evolutions were indirectly investigated and discussed. It is seen that the super-elastic NiTi (SMA) exhibits a remarkable localized deformation and the transformation domains evolve periodically with the repeated cyclic tension-unloading within the first several cycles. However, the evolutions of transformation domains at the stage of stable cyclic transformation depend on applied peak stress: when the peak stress is low, no obvious transformation band is observed and the strain field is nearly uniform; when the peak stress is large enough, obvious transformation bands occur due to the residual martensite caused by the prevention of enriched dislocations to the reverse transformation from induced martensite to austenite. Temperature variations measured by an infrared thermal imaging method further verifies the formation and evolution of transformation domains.
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Jaquemar, D; Schenker, T; Trueb, B
1999-03-12
We have identified a novel transformation-sensitive mRNA, which is present in cultured fibroblasts but is lacking in SV40 transformed cells as well as in many mesenchymal tumor cell lines. The corresponding gene is located on human chromosome 8 in band 8q13. The open reading frame of the mRNA encodes a protein of 1119 amino acids forming two distinct domains. The N-terminal domain consists of 18 repeats that are related to the cytoskeletal protein ankyrin. The C-terminal domain contains six putative transmembrane segments that resemble many ion channels. This overall structure is reminiscent of TRP-like proteins that function as store-operated calcium channels. The novel protein with an Mr of 130 kDa is expressed at a very low level in human fibroblasts and at a moderate level in liposarcoma cells. Overexpression in eukaryotic cells appears to interfere with normal growth, suggesting that it might play a direct or indirect role in signal transduction and growth control.
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Refined study of the interaction between HIV-1 p6 late domain and ALIX
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gerlier Denis
2008-05-01
Full Text Available Abstract The interaction between the HIV-1 p6 late budding domain and ALIX, a class E vacuolar protein sorting factor, was explored by using the yeast two-hybrid approach. We refined the ALIX binding site of p6 as being the leucine triplet repeat sequence (Lxx4 (LYPLTSLRSLFG. Intriguingly, the deletion of the C-terminal proline-rich region of ALIX prevented detectable binding to p6. In contrast, a four-amino acid deletion in the central hinge region of p6 increased its association with ALIX as shown by its ability to bind to ALIX lacking the proline rich domain. Finally, by using a random screening approach, the minimal ALIX391–510 fragment was found to specifically interact with this p6 deletion mutant. A parallel analysis of ALIX binding to the late domain p9 from EIAV revealed that p6 and p9, which exhibit distinct ALIX binding motives, likely bind differently to ALIX. Altogether, our data support a model where the C-terminal proline-rich domain of ALIX allows the access of its binding site to p6 by alleviating a conformational constraint resulting from the presence of the central p6 hinge.
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General Services Administration — This dataset offers the list of all .gov domains, including state, local, and tribal .gov domains. It does not include .mil domains, or other federal domains outside...
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The BARD1 C-Terminal Domain Structure and Interactions with Polyadenylation Factor CstF-50
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Edwards, Ross A.; Lee, Megan S.; Tsutakawa, Susan E.; Williams, R. Scott; Tainer, John A.; Glover, J. N. Mark
2009-07-13
The BARD1 N-terminal RING domain binds BRCA1 while the BARD1 C-terminal ankyrin and tandem BRCT repeat domains bind CstF-50 to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II stability in response to DNA damage. Here we characterize the BARD1 structural biochemistry responsible for CstF- 50 binding. The crystal structure of the BARD1 BRCT domain uncovers a degenerate phosphopeptide binding pocket lacking the key arginine required for phosphopeptide interactions in other BRCT proteins.Small angle X-ray scattering together with limited proteolysis results indicates that ankyrin and BRCT domains are linked by a flexible tether and do not adopt a fixed orientation relative to one another. Protein pull-down experiments utilizing a series of purified BARD1 deletion mutants indicate that interactions between the CstF-50 WD-40 domain and BARD1 involve the ankyrin-BRCT linker but do not require ankyrin or BRCT domains. The structural plasticity imparted by the ANK-BRCT linker helps to explain the regulated assembly of different protein BARD1 complexes with distinct functions in DNA damage signaling including BARD1-dependent induction of apoptosis plus p53 stabilization and interactions. BARD1 architecture and plasticity imparted by the ANK-BRCT linker are suitable to allow the BARD1 C-terminus to act as a hub with multiple binding sites to integrate diverse DNA damage signals directly to RNA polymerase.
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Barutcu, Kürşad
2015-01-01
Algılanan örgütsel destek (AÖD) bireylerin örgüte olan katkılarının ne derece önemsendiği, refahlarının ne derece dikkate alındığı ve üyesi oldukları örgütlerinin kedilerini ne derece destekleyip güvende hissetmelerini sağladıklarına olan inançlarıdır. Bireylerin örgütsel destek algılarının olumlu olduğu ortamlarda bireylerin karşılık olarak bir takım olumlu tepkilerde bulunacakları literatürde yer alan birçok araştırmada ifade edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda değerlendirildiğinde örgüt...
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Francin-Allami, Mathilde; Saumonneau, Amélie; Lavenant, Laurence; Bouder, Axelle; Sparkes, Imogen; Hawes, Chris; Popineau, Yves
2011-01-01
Prolamins, the main storage proteins of wheat seeds, are synthesized and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the endosperm cells, where they accumulate in protein bodies (PBs) and are then exported to the storage vacuole. The mechanisms leading to these events are unresolved. To investigate this unconventional trafficking pathway, wheat γ-gliadin and its isolated repeated N-terminal and cysteine-rich C-terminal domains were fused to fluorescent proteins and expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells. The results indicated that γ-gliadin and both isolated domains were able to be retained and accumulated as protein body-like structures (PBLS) in the ER, suggesting that tandem repeats are not the only sequence involved in γ-gliadin ER retention and PBLS formation. The high actin-dependent mobility of γ-gliadin PBLS is also reported, and it is demonstrated that most of them do not co-localize with Golgi body or pre-vacuolar compartment markers. Both γ-gliadin domains are found in the same PBLS when co-expressed, which is most probably due to their ability to interact with each other, as indicated by the yeast two-hybrid and FRET-FLIM experiments. Moreover, when stably expressed in BY-2 cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to γ-gliadin and its isolated domains were retained in the ER for several days before being exported to the vacuole in a Golgi-dependent manner, and degraded, leading to the release of the GFP ‘core’. Taken together, the results show that tobacco cells are a convenient model to study the atypical wheat prolamin trafficking with fluorescent protein fusions. PMID:21617248
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Vishwanath, Sneha; de Brevern, Alexandre G; Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy
2018-02-01
The majority of the proteins encoded in the genomes of eukaryotes contain more than one domain. Reasons for high prevalence of multi-domain proteins in various organisms have been attributed to higher stability and functional and folding advantages over single-domain proteins. Despite these advantages, many proteins are composed of only one domain while their homologous domains are part of multi-domain proteins. In the study presented here, differences in the properties of protein domains in single-domain and multi-domain systems and their influence on functions are discussed. We studied 20 pairs of identical protein domains, which were crystallized in two forms (a) tethered to other proteins domains and (b) tethered to fewer protein domains than (a) or not tethered to any protein domain. Results suggest that tethering of domains in multi-domain proteins influences the structural, dynamic and energetic properties of the constituent protein domains. 50% of the protein domain pairs show significant structural deviations while 90% of the protein domain pairs show differences in dynamics and 12% of the residues show differences in the energetics. To gain further insights on the influence of tethering on the function of the domains, 4 pairs of homologous protein domains, where one of them is a full-length single-domain protein and the other protein domain is a part of a multi-domain protein, were studied. Analyses showed that identical and structurally equivalent functional residues show differential dynamics in homologous protein domains; though comparable dynamics between in-silico generated chimera protein and multi-domain proteins were observed. From these observations, the differences observed in the functions of homologous proteins could be attributed to the presence of tethered domain. Overall, we conclude that tethered domains in multi-domain proteins not only provide stability or folding advantages but also influence pathways resulting in differences in
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In situ detection of tandem DNA repeat length
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yaar, R.; Szafranski, P.; Cantor, C.R.; Smith, C.L. [Boston Univ., MA (United States)
1996-11-01
A simple method for scoring short tandem DNA repeats is presented. An oligonucleotide target, containing tandem repeats embedded in a unique sequence, was hybridized to a set of complementary probes, containing tandem repeats of known lengths. Single-stranded loop structures formed on duplexes containing a mismatched (different) number of tandem repeats. No loop structure formed on duplexes containing a matched (identical) number of tandem repeats. The matched and mismatched loop structures were enzymatically distinguished and differentially labeled by treatment with S1 nuclease and the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase. 7 refs., 4 figs.
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Cross-domain transfer of quantitative discriminations: is it all a matter of proportion?
Balci, Fuat; Gallistel, Charles R
2006-08-01
Meck and Church (1983) estimated a 5:1 scale factor relating the mental magnitudes representing number to the mental magnitudes representing duration. We repeated their experiment with human subjects. We obtained transfer regardless of the objective scaling between the ranges; a 5:1 scaling for number versus duration (measured in seconds) was not necessary. We obtained transfer even when the proportions between the endpoints of the number range were different. We conclude that, at least in human subjects, transfer from a discrimination based on continuous quantity (duration) to a discrimination based on discrete quantity (number) is mediated by the cross-domain comparability of within-domain proportions. The results of our second and third experiments also suggest that the subjects compare a probe with a criterion determined by the range of stimuli tested rather than by trial-specific referents, in accordance with the pseudologistic model of Killeen, Fetterman, and Bizo (1997).
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Automated genotyping of dinucleotide repeat markers
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Perlin, M.W.; Hoffman, E.P. [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)]|[Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
1994-09-01
The dinucleotide repeats (i.e., microsatellites) such as CA-repeats are a highly polymorphic, highly abundant class of PCR-amplifiable markers that have greatly streamlined genetic mapping experimentation. It is expected that over 30,000 such markers (including tri- and tetranucleotide repeats) will be characterized for routine use in the next few years. Since only size determination, and not sequencing, is required to determine alleles, in principle, dinucleotide repeat genotyping is easily performed on electrophoretic gels, and can be automated using DNA sequencers. Unfortunately, PCR stuttering with these markers generates not one band for each allele, but a pattern of bands. Since closely spaced alleles must be disambiguated by human scoring, this poses a key obstacle to full automation. We have developed methods that overcome this obstacle. Our model is that the observed data is generated by arithmetic superposition (i.e., convolution) of multiple allele patterns. By quantitatively measuring the size of each component band, and exploiting the unique stutter pattern associated with each marker, closely spaced alleles can be deconvolved; this unambiguously reconstructs the {open_quotes}true{close_quotes} allele bands, with stutter artifact removed. We used this approach in a system for automated diagnosis of (X-linked) Duchenne muscular dystrophy; four multiplexed CA-repeats within the dystrophin gene were assayed on a DNA sequencer. Our method accurately detected small variations in gel migration that shifted the allele size estimate. In 167 nonmutated alleles, 89% (149/167) showed no size variation, 9% (15/167) showed 1 bp variation, and 2% (3/167) showed 2 bp variation. We are currently developing a library of dinucleotide repeat patterns; together with our deconvolution methods, this library will enable fully automated genotyping of dinucleotide repeats from sizing data.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yaşar Tonta
2008-09-01
Full Text Available The Turkish National Library has recently published the Bibliography of Articles of the Republican Era 1923-1999 (BARE on CD-ROM. BARE is the most comprehensive bibliography that indexes the articles contained in Turkish journals received by the Library through “legal depot”. It contains bibliographic information on a total of 566,627 articles that appeared in 4,418 Turkish journals and periodicals. This paper critically reviews the Bibliography on the basis of its user interface, database design and data quality. Human-computer interaction (HCI issues and the usability criteria seem to have not been taken into account when designing the user interface of the BARE CD-ROM. The user interface is not intuitive. It appears that a comprehensive systems analysis study was not carried out before designing the database and the principles of database management design seem to have been ignored. Bibliographic data listed in the printed copies of the Bibliography was simply transferred to a fl at table, which resulted in data redundancy and waste of space. Boolean searches cannot be performed on author and article titles. Nine percent of the records contained errors in article and journal titles as well as authors’ names. Used through the web site of the Turkish National Library, the Bibliography and its interface should be redesigned and improved, and the functions of the search engine should be increased. Millî Kütüphane 2001’de Cumhuriyet Dönemi Makaleler Bibliyografyası 1923-1999 (CDMB adlı bir CD-ROM yayımlamıştır. CDMB derleme yoluyla Millî Kütüphane’ye gönderilen dergilerdeki makalelerin dizinlendiği en kapsamlı kaynakçadır. CDMB, 1923 ile 1999 yılları arasında Türkiye’de çıkarılan 4418 dergide yayımlanan 566.627 makale hakkında bibliyografi k bilgi içermektedir. Bu çalışmada CDMB CD-ROM’u kullanıcı arayüzü, veri tabanı tasarımı ve veri kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmektedir. CDMB kullan
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Voltage Drop in a Ferroelectric Single Layer Capacitor by Retarded Domain Nucleation.
Kim, Yu Jin; Park, Hyeon Woo; Hyun, Seung Dam; Kim, Han Joon; Kim, Keum Do; Lee, Young Hwan; Moon, Taehwan; Lee, Yong Bin; Park, Min Hyuk; Hwang, Cheol Seong
2017-12-13
Ferroelectric (FE) capacitor is a critical electric component in microelectronic devices. Among many of its intriguing properties, the recent finding of voltage drop (V-drop) across the FE capacitor while the positive charges flow in is especially eye-catching. This finding was claimed to be direct evidence that the FE capacitor is in negative capacitance (NC) state, which must be useful for (infinitely) high capacitance and ultralow voltage operation of field-effect transistors. Nonetheless, the NC state corresponds to the maximum energy state of the FE material, so it has been widely accepted in the community that the material alleviates that state by forming ferroelectric domains. This work reports a similar V-drop effect from the 150 nm thick epitaxial BaTiO 3 ferroelectric thin film, but the interpretation was completely disparate; the V-drop can be precisely simulated by the reverse domain nucleation and propagation of which charge effect cannot be fully compensated for by the supplied charge from the external charge source. The disappearance of the V-drop effect was also observed by repeated FE switching only up to 10 cycles, which can hardly be explained by the involvement of the NC effect. The retained reverse domain nuclei even after the subsequent poling can explain such behavior.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Canan Aktaş
2002-07-01
Full Text Available Bu araştırmanın amacı bilişsel ve duyuşsal odaklı etkinlikleri içeren bir programın ilköğretim öğrencilerinin fiziksel engelli yaşıtlarına yönelik sosyal kabul düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya deney ve kontrol gruplarında 20'şer öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 40 öğrenci (6., 7'., ve 8. sınıf katılmıştır. Deney grubunu II kız 9 erkek, kontrol grubunu ise 9 kız, 11 erkek öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin fiziksel engelli yaşıtlarına yönelik sosyal kabul düzeyleri program öncesi ve sonrasında Sosyal Kabul Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Deney grubundaki öğrencilere haftada iki gün 90 dakika süreli 7 oturumdan oluşan bir program uygulanmıştır. Programda, öğrencilere fiziksel engelli bireyler hakkında bilgi verme, film gösterme, grup tartışması, görme engelli bir bireyle doğrudan etkileşimde bulunma ve engel durumunu canlandırma etkinliklerine yer verilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, uygulanan programın deney grubundaki öğrencilerin fiziksel engelli yaşıtlarına yönelik sosyal kabul düzeylerini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bu bulgu, engelli Öğrencilerin normal okul ortamlarında başarılı bir biçimde kaynaştırılmaları açısından benzer programların gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of an intervention program, incorporated cognitive and affective activities on social acceptance level of physically disabled children by their nonhandicapped peers, at 6"' to Slh grade. A total of 40 students. 20 for experimental (II female and 9 male and 20 for control group (9 female and 11 male participated in the study. The Social Acceptance Scale was administered to both groups before and after the program. The program, applied lo the experimental group, was held two times a week for ninety minutes per day for seven weeks. Provision of information about
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Comparative and functional characterization of intragenic tandem repeats in 10 Aspergillus genomes.
Gibbons, John G; Rokas, Antonis
2009-03-01
Intragenic tandem repeats (ITRs) are consecutive repeats of three or more nucleotides found in coding regions. ITRs are the underlying cause of several human genetic diseases and have been associated with phenotypic variation, including pathogenesis, in several clades of the tree of life. We have examined the evolution and functional role of ITRs in 10 genomes spanning the fungal genus Aspergillus, a clade of relevance to medicine, agriculture, and industry. We identified several hundred ITRs in each of the species examined. ITR content varied extensively between species, with an average 79% of ITRs unique to a given species. For the fraction of conserved ITR regions, sequence comparisons within species and between close relatives revealed that they were highly variable. ITR-containing proteins were evolutionarily less conserved, compositionally distinct, and overrepresented for domains associated with cell-surface localization and function relative to the rest of the proteome. Furthermore, ITRs were preferentially found in proteins involved in transcription, cellular communication, and cell-type differentiation but were underrepresented in proteins involved in metabolism and energy. Importantly, although ITRs were evolutionarily labile, their functional associations appeared. To be remarkably conserved across eukaryotes. Fungal ITRs likely participate in a variety of developmental processes and cell-surface-associated functions, suggesting that their contribution to fungal lifestyle and evolution may be more general than previously assumed.
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Richard, François D; Kajava, Andrey V
2014-06-01
The dramatic growth of sequencing data evokes an urgent need to improve bioinformatics tools for large-scale proteome analysis. Over the last two decades, the foremost efforts of computer scientists were devoted to proteins with aperiodic sequences having globular 3D structures. However, a large portion of proteins contain periodic sequences representing arrays of repeats that are directly adjacent to each other (so called tandem repeats or TRs). These proteins frequently fold into elongated fibrous structures carrying different fundamental functions. Algorithms specific to the analysis of these regions are urgently required since the conventional approaches developed for globular domains have had limited success when applied to the TR regions. The protein TRs are frequently not perfect, containing a number of mutations, and some of them cannot be easily identified. To detect such "hidden" repeats several algorithms have been developed. However, the most sensitive among them are time-consuming and, therefore, inappropriate for large scale proteome analysis. To speed up the TR detection we developed a rapid filter that is based on the comparison of composition and order of short strings in the adjacent sequence motifs. Tests show that our filter discards up to 22.5% of proteins which are known to be without TRs while keeping almost all (99.2%) TR-containing sequences. Thus, we are able to decrease the size of the initial sequence dataset enriching it with TR-containing proteins which allows a faster subsequent TR detection by other methods. The program is available upon request. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Selected Topics on Business Informatics Research: Editorial Introduction to Issue 6 of CSIMQ
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fabrizio Maria Maggi
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Business informatics research bridges management and engineering domains and facilitates communication between scientific and practical applications. The sixth issue of the journal of Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly contains four publications that present the extended papers from the workshops of the 14th International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (BIR 2015 that was organized in Tartu, Estonia, 26-28 August, 2015. The BIR 2015 workshops captured important and novel topics on information logistics and knowledge supply, security and compliance in business processes, and use of ontologies in information systems. Within this context the fifth publication included in this issue complements the topic of the business informatics research with the investigation of a model-driven approach on the gesture-based interaction in information systems.
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Digital repeat analysis; setup and operation.
Nol, J; Isouard, G; Mirecki, J
2006-06-01
Since the emergence of digital imaging, there have been questions about the necessity of continuing reject analysis programs in imaging departments to evaluate performance and quality. As a marketing strategy, most suppliers of digital technology focus on the supremacy of the technology and its ability to reduce the number of repeats, resulting in less radiation doses given to patients and increased productivity in the department. On the other hand, quality assurance radiographers and radiologists believe that repeats are mainly related to positioning skills, and repeat analysis is the main tool to plan training needs to up-skill radiographers. A comparative study between conventional and digital imaging was undertaken to compare outcomes and evaluate the need for reject analysis. However, digital technology still being at its early development stages, setting a credible reject analysis program became the major task of the study. It took the department, with the help of the suppliers of the computed radiography reader and the picture archiving and communication system, over 2 years of software enhancement to build a reliable digital repeat analysis system. The results were supportive of both philosophies; the number of repeats as a result of exposure factors was reduced dramatically; however, the percentage of repeats as a result of positioning skills was slightly on the increase for the simple reason that some rejects in the conventional system qualifying for both exposure and positioning errors were classified as exposure error. The ability of digitally adjusting dark or light images reclassified some of those images as positioning errors.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mehmet Özay
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Starting from the second half of the 1960s onwards, socio-religious youth movements, which are regarded as the initial element of civil expressions on university campuses, were constructively influential on the perception of the political elites’ understanding of Islam and political evolution of the Islamisation policies in the process in Malaysia. There are opinions that this effect encompassed the efforts of Islamisation particularly in the 1980s. In this process, the task of the state apparatus, as a political power, which managed the religious domain mostly considered belonging to the civil sector, deserves to be scrutinized in relation with at least some influential factors in the near and distant past of the Muslim Malay community. And, it cannot be overseen that the functions of the traditional Malay rulers, say, Sultans, were transferred, to some or larger extent, to the Federal government after the independence. With regard to this, in this article, the present writer will focus on some aspects of the policies of Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, who has molded majorily the history of modern Malaysia, regarding his Islamisation policy aligned with the state-religion relationship. Özet Malezya’da 1960’lı yılların ikinci yarısından itibaren üniversite kampüslerinde başlayan ve sivilleşmenin bir unsuru olarak telâkki edilen dini-toplumsal hareketlerin İslam’ın ülke siyasi elitince algılanmasında ve pratikte İslamlaştırma adıyla anılabilecek politikalara evrilmesinde önemli etkisi olmuştur. Bu etkinin, özellikle 1980’li yıllarda devlet eliyle İslamlaştırma çabalarına yol açtığı konusunda görüşler bulunmaktadır. Bu süreçte, yani devletin siyasi bir güç olarak sivil alana dahil olan dini çekip çevirme işini üstlenmesinde, özellikle Müslüman Malay toplumunun yakın ve uzak geçmişindeki kimi faktörler dikkate alınmayı hak etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, geleneksel Malay devletlerinde
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İrfan ERDOĞAN
2014-10-01
Full Text Available Kuramsal ve tarihsel bir değerlendirme niteliğinde olan bu makalenin amacı genelde Türkiye’deki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nı (MEB demokratik bir sistem örneği temelinde ele almak, özelde de MEB bünyesindeki Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun (TTK işlevlerindeki değişiklikleri irdelemektir. MEB’e ve TTK’ya dair irdelemeler, demokratik sistemlerin dayalı olduğu kuvvetler ayrılığı prensibi ile işleyen hukuk düzeni temel alınarak yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda MEB sisteminin çağdaş hukuk düzeninin temel dayanağı olan yasama, yürütme ve yargı unsurlarından oluşan bir sistem olarak yapılandırılmış olduğu; Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun da bu düzenin temel organlarından biri olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Makalede MEB’in yapısının Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nden geçen yeni torba yasayla değiştiği ve Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun karar organı olmaktan çıkarılarak danışma birimi haline getirildiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu şekilde yetki ve sorumlulukların büyük ölçüde bir merkezde toplanmış olduğu, bununla birlikte MEB sisteminin daha merkeziyetçi hale dönüşeceği, dolayısıyla daha katı ve otoriter eğilimlerin ortaya çıkacağı iddia edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı sisteminin tekrar ele alınması ve Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun sistem içindeki yerinin ve rolünün güçlendirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir.
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Superfamily of ankyrin repeat proteins in tomato.
Yuan, Xiaowei; Zhang, Shizhong; Qing, Xiaohe; Sun, Meihong; Liu, Shiyang; Su, Hongyan; Shu, Huairui; Li, Xinzheng
2013-07-10
The ankyrin repeat (ANK) protein family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, no detailed information concerning this family is available for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) due to the limited information on whole genome sequences. In this study, we identified a total of 130 ANK genes in tomato genome (SlANK), and these genes were distributed across all 12 chromosomes at various densities. And chromosomal localizations of SlANK genes indicated 25 SlANK genes were involved in tandem duplications. Based on their domain composition, all of the SlANK proteins were grouped into 13 subgroups. A combined phylogenetic tree was constructed with the aligned SlANK protein sequences. This tree revealed that the SlANK proteins comprise five major groups. An analysis of the expression profiles of SlANK genes in tomato in different tissues and in response to stresses showed that the SlANK proteins play roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome-wide analysis of the tomato ANK gene family. This study provides valuable information regarding the classification and putative functions of SlANK genes in tomato. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yunus BALTA
2013-03-01
ılmıştır.Uzaktan eğitim, geleneksel eğitimin özelliklerinden dolayı eğitimseviyesini arttırmak ve hayat boyu öğrenmeyi gerçekleştirmek içinönemli bir alternatiftir. Yüz yüze ve çevrimiçi derslerde öğrenmesonuçlarını değerlendirmek için çeşitli yöntemler kullanılır, ancakaralarında bazı farklılıklar vardır. Çevrimiçi ölçme değerlendirmeyaparken bu farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Buçalışmamızda, uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarında kullanılan ölçme vedeğerlendirme yöntemlerine ilişkin kapsamlı bir literatür taramasıyapılması amaçlanmıştır. Farklı ölçme-değerlendirme yöntemlerinintanıtılması ve kullanımlarına ilişkin avantaj ve dezavantajlarınsistematik bir şekilde ortaya konulmasının, gerek uzaktan eğitim verenkurumlar gerekse bu kurumlarda ders veren öğretim elemanlarıaçısından önemli bir eksikliği gidereceği öngörülmektedir. Öğrenmeyeterliliklerini bireylere kazandırabilmenin ve teknolojiyi öğretim amaçlıkullanabilmenin önemi teknolojinin gelişimiyle oldukça artmıştır. Bu ikidurum, öğretim stratejilerinden tekniğe, planlamadan değerlendirmeyekadar birçok alanda farklı yaklaşımların sergilenmesi gerekliliğiniortaya çıkarmaktadır. Çevrimiçi eğitimde sürekli değerlendirmeyapılması; geri dönüt, öğrenciden öğrenciye farklılık gösteren öğrenmehızının kontrolü ve değerlendirme süreci sonunda elde edilecek öğrenmekalitesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile ortaya konacak farklı ölçmeve değerlendirme yöntem/yaklaşımlarının bir sonraki adımda planlananöğretmenlerin çevrimiçi ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarıhakkındaki bilgi, yeterlilik ve görüşlerinin incelenmesine yönelikçalışma içinde bir temel oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Peng, Xu; Brügger, Kim; Shen, Biao
2003-01-01
terminally modified and corresponds to SSO454, an open reading frame of previously unassigned function. It binds specifically to DNA fragments carrying double and single repeat sequences, binding on one side of the repeat structure, and producing an opening of the opposite side of the DNA structure. It also...... recognizes both main families of repeat sequences in S. solfataricus. The recombinant protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, showed the same binding properties to the SRSR repeat as the native one. The SSO454 protein exhibits a tripartite internal repeat structure which yields a good sequence match...... with a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Although this putative motif is shared by other archaeal proteins, orthologs of SSO454 were only detected in species within the Sulfolobus genus and in the closely related Acidianus genus. We infer that the genus-specific protein induces an opening of the structure...
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Bjørner, Dines
Before software can be designed we must know its requirements. Before requirements can be expressed we must understand the domain. So it follows, from our dogma, that we must first establish precise descriptions of domains; then, from such descriptions, “derive” at least domain and interface requirements; and from those and machine requirements design the software, or, more generally, the computing systems.
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Coexistence of 3G repeaters with LTE base stations.
Yeo, Woon-Young; Lee, Sang-Min; Hwang, Gyung-Ho; Kim, Jae-Hoon
2013-01-01
Repeaters have been an attractive solution for mobile operators to upgrade their wireless networks at low cost and to extend network coverage effectively. Since the first LTE commercial deployment in 2009, many mobile operators have launched LTE networks by upgrading their 3G and legacy networks. Because all 3G frequency bands are shared with the frequency bands for LTE deployment and 3G mobile operators have an enormous number of repeaters, reusing 3G repeaters in LTE networks is definitely a practical and cost-efficient solution. However, 3G repeaters usually do not support spatial multiplexing with multiple antennas, and thus it is difficult to reuse them directly in LTE networks. In order to support spatial multiplexing of LTE, the role of 3G repeaters should be replaced with small LTE base stations or MIMO-capable repeaters. In this paper, a repeater network is proposed to reuse 3G repeaters in LTE deployment while still supporting multilayer transmission of LTE. Interestingly, the proposed network has a higher cluster throughput than an LTE network with MIMO-capable repeaters.
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Repeatability & Workability Evaluation of SIGMOD 2009
Manegold, Stefan
2010-12-15
SIGMOD 2008 was the first database conference that offered to test submitters\\' programs against their data to verify the repeatability of the experiments published [1]. Given the positive feedback concerning the SIGMOD 2008 repeatability initiative, SIGMOD 2009 modified and expanded the initiative with a workability assessment.
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Repeatability & Workability Evaluation of SIGMOD 2009
Manegold, Stefan; Manolescu, Ioana; Afanasiev, Loredana; Feng, Jieling; Gou, G.; Hadjieleftheriou, Marios; Harizopoulos, Stavros; Kalnis, Panos; Karanasos, Konstantinos; Laurent, Dominique; Lupu, M.; Onose, N.; Ré , C.; Sans, Virginie; Senellart, Pierre; Wu, T.; Shasha, Dennis E.
2010-01-01
SIGMOD 2008 was the first database conference that offered to test submitters' programs against their data to verify the repeatability of the experiments published [1]. Given the positive feedback concerning the SIGMOD 2008 repeatability initiative, SIGMOD 2009 modified and expanded the initiative with a workability assessment.
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Günsev, Berk
2016-01-01
Berk Günsev SONY'de dijital pazarlama uzmanı olarak çalışmaktadır. 7 yıldır kazandığı deneyim ile müşteri ve marka arasındaki ilişkileri en üst seviyeye taşımayı amaçlarken, planlama ve yönlendirme kısmında da birçok interaktif projede yer alma şansı bulmuştur. Proje yönetimi, planlama, online uygulamalar, kampanya yönetimi, ağızdan ağıza pazarlama, viral pazarlama, sosyal medya pazarlaması konularında deneyimlidir. Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ) Sosyal Medya Birimi ve DAÜ İletişim F...
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FRB 121102: A Starquake-induced Repeater?
Wang, Weiyang; Luo, Rui; Yue, Han; Chen, Xuelei; Lee, Kejia; Xu, Renxin
2018-01-01
Since its initial discovery, the fast radio burst (FRB) FRB 121102 has been found to be repeating with millisecond-duration pulses. Very recently, 14 new bursts were detected by the Green Bank Telescope during its continuous monitoring observations. In this paper, we show that the burst energy distribution has a power-law form which is very similar to the Gutenberg–Richter law of earthquakes. In addition, the distribution of burst waiting time can be described as a Poissonian or Gaussian distribution, which is consistent with earthquakes, while the aftershock sequence exhibits some local correlations. These findings suggest that the repeating FRB pulses may originate from the starquakes of a pulsar. Noting that the soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) also exhibit such distributions, the FRB could be powered by some starquake mechanisms associated with the SGRs, including the crustal activity of a magnetar or solidification-induced stress of a newborn strangeon star. These conjectures could be tested with more repeating samples.
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Sequential binding of calcium ions to the B-repeat domain of SdrD from Staphylococcus aureus.
Roman, Andrei Yu; Devred, François; Lobatchov, Vladimir M; Makarov, Alexander A; Peyrot, Vincent; Kubatiev, Aslan A; Tsvetkov, Philipp O
2016-02-01
Biofilms of live bacteria forming on medical devices and implants contribute significantly to bacterial blood dissemination and to the spread of nosocomial infections. Cell surface SdrD protein plays a key role in the attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the formation of biofilm. SdrD binds calcium ions using its B1-B5 region bearing EF-hand Ca-binding sites, leading to conformational changes in the structure of SdrD. This alters the distance between the bacterial surface and the ECM-interacting domain of SdrD in a spring-like fashion, participating in bacterial attachment. In this study we investigated calcium binding to EF-hand sites of SdrD using isothermal titration calorimetry and determined the impact of this process on SdrD's thermodynamic stability. This allowed us to propose a model of B1-B5 reorganization upon binding of calcium and to get new insight into the molecular mechanism of SdrD's action.
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The N-terminal domain determines the affinity and specificity of H1 binding to chromatin
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Öberg, Christine; Belikov, Sergey
2012-01-01
Highlights: ► wt Human histone H1.4 and hH1.4 devoid of N-terminal domain, ΔN-hH1.4, were compared. ► Both histones bind to chromatin, however, ΔN-hH1.4 displays lower binding affinity. ► Interaction of ΔN-hH1.4 with chromatin includes a significant unspecific component. ► N-terminal domain is a determinant of specificity of histone H1 binding to chromatin. -- Abstract: Linker histone H1, one of the most abundant nuclear proteins in multicellular eukaryotes, is a key component of the chromatin structure mainly due to its role in the formation and maintenance of the 30 nm chromatin fiber. It has a three-domain structure; a central globular domain flanked by a short N-terminal domain and a long, highly basic C-terminal domain. Previous studies have shown that the binding abilities of H1 are at large determined by the properties of the C-terminal domain; much less attention has been paid to role of the N-terminal domain. We have previously shown that H1 can be reconstituted via cytoplasmic mRNA injection in Xenopus oocytes, cells that lack somatic H1. The heterologously expressed H1 proteins are incorporated into in vivo assembled chromatin at specific sites and the binding event is monitored as an increase in nucleosomal repeat length (NRL). Using this setup we have here compared the binding properties of wt-H1.4 and hH1.4 devoid of its N-terminal domain (ΔN-hH1.4). The ΔN-hH1.4 displays a drastically lower affinity for chromatin binding as compared to the wild type hH1.4. Our data also indicates that ΔN-hH1.4 is more prone to unspecific chromatin binding than the wild type. We conclude that the N-terminal domain of H1 is an important determinant of affinity and specificity of H1-chromatin interactions.
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Jana, Biman; Adkar, Bharat V; Biswas, Rajib; Bagchi, Biman
2011-01-21
The catalytic conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by adenylate kinase (ADK) involves large amplitude, ligand induced domain motions, involving the opening and the closing of ATP binding domain (LID) and AMP binding domain (NMP) domains, during the repeated catalytic cycle. We discover and analyze an interesting dynamical coupling between the motion of the two domains during the opening, using large scale atomistic molecular dynamics trajectory analysis, covariance analysis, and multidimensional free energy calculations with explicit water. Initially, the LID domain must open by a certain amount before the NMP domain can begin to open. Dynamical correlation map shows interesting cross-peak between LID and NMP domain which suggests the presence of correlated motion between them. This is also reflected in our calculated two-dimensional free energy surface contour diagram which has an interesting elliptic shape, revealing a strong correlation between the opening of the LID domain and that of the NMP domain. Our free energy surface of the LID domain motion is rugged due to interaction with water and the signature of ruggedness is evident in the observed root mean square deviation variation and its fluctuation time correlation functions. We develop a correlated dynamical disorder-type theoretical model to explain the observed dynamic coupling between the motion of the two domains in ADK. Our model correctly reproduces several features of the cross-correlation observed in simulations.
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Ellis, Justine A; Scurrah, Katrina J; Cobb, Joanna E; Zaloumis, Sophie G; Duncan, Anna E; Harrap, Stephen B
2007-05-01
Androgenetic alopecia, or male pattern baldness, is a complex condition with a strong heritable component. In 2001, we published the first significant evidence of a genetic association between baldness and a synonymous coding SNP (rs6152) in the androgen receptor gene, AR. Recently, this finding was replicated in three independent studies, confirming an important role for AR in the baldness phenotype. In one such replication study, it was claimed that the causative variant underlying the association was likely to be the polyglycine (GGN) repeat polymorphism, one of two apparently functional triplet repeat polymorphisms located in the exon 1 transactivating domain of the gene. Here, we extend our original association finding and present comprehensive evidence from approximately 1,200 fathers and sons drawn from 703 families of the Victorian Family Heart Study, a general population Caucasian cohort, that neither exon 1 triplet repeat polymorphism is causative in this condition. Seventy-eight percent of fathers (531/683) and 30% of sons (157/520) were affected to some degree with AGA. We utilised statistical methods appropriate for the categorical nature of the phenotype and familial structure of the cohort, and determined that whilst SNP rs6152 was strongly associated with baldness (P baldness, but also for the many other complex conditions that have thus far been linked to AR.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ertan ALPTEKİN
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Biyodizel, dünyada kullanımı yaygınlaşan yenilebilir ve alternatif bir dizel yakıtıdır. Biyodizel üretiminde kullanılan alkol büyük önem arz etmekte ve üretilen biyodizelin yakıt özelliklerini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Farklı yakıt özellikleri, dizel motorlarda farklı yakıt enjeksiyon ve yanma karakteristiklerine sebep olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, metanol ve etanol kullanılarak üretilen iki farklı ester yakıtı ve saf motorin, common-rail yakıt enjeksiyon sistemine sahip bir dizel motorda üç farklı motor yükü (50 Nm, 100 Nm ve 150 Nm ve 2000 dev/dk sabit motor devrinde deney yakıtı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu yakıtların performans, yanma ve yakıt enjeksiyon analizi karşılaştırmalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, etil ve metil ester kullanımıyla özgül yakıt tüketimi (ÖYT motorine kıyasla artış göstermiştir. Etil ve metil ester yakıtlarının silindir içi basıncı ve ısı yayılımı değerleri tüm deney şartlarında motorine kıyasla daha yüksek olmuştur. Yakıt enjeksiyon karakteristikleri, yakıt tipi ve motor yüküne bağlı olarak farklılık göstermiştir.
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Zúñiga-Navarrete, Fernando; Gómez, Isabel; Peña, Guadalupe; Amaro, Itzel; Ortíz, Ernesto; Becerril, Baltazar; Ibarra, Jorge E; Bravo, Alejandra; Soberón, Mario
2015-04-01
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins exert their toxic effect by specific recognition of larval midgut proteins leading to oligomerization of the toxin, membrane insertion and pore formation. The exposed domain II loop regions of Cry toxins have been shown to be involved in receptor binding. Insect cadherins have shown to be functionally involved in toxin binding facilitating toxin oligomerization. Here, we isolated a VHH (VHHA5) antibody by phage display that binds Cry3Aa loop 1 and competed with the binding of Cry3Aa to Tenebrio molitor brush border membranes. VHHA5 also competed with the binding of Cry3Aa to a cadherin fragment (CR12) that was previously shown to be involved in binding and toxicity of Cry3Aa, indicating that Cry3Aa binds CR12 through domain II loop 1. Moreover, we show that a loop 1 mutant, previously characterized to have increased toxicity to T. molitor, displayed a correlative enhanced binding affinity to T. molitor CR12 and to VHHA5. These results show that Cry3Aa domain II loop 1 is a binding site of CR12 T. molitor cadherin. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Evgen'ev, M B; Corces, V G; Lankenau, D H
1992-06-05
We have determined the DNA structure of the Ulysses transposable element of Drosophila virilis and found that this transposon is 10,653 bp and is flanked by two unusually large direct repeats 2136 bp long. Ulysses shows the characteristic organization of LTR-containing retrotransposons, with matrix and capsid protein domains encoded in the first open reading frame. In addition, Ulysses contains protease, reverse transcriptase, RNase H and integrase domains encoded in the second open reading frame. Ulysses lacks a third open reading frame present in some retrotransposons that could encode an env-like protein. A dendrogram analysis based on multiple alignments of the protease, reverse transcriptase, RNase H, integrase and tRNA primer binding site of all known Drosophila LTR-containing retrotransposon sequences establishes a phylogenetic relationship of Ulysses to other retrotransposons and suggests that Ulysses belongs to a new family of this type of elements.
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Calcium Domains around Single and Clustered IP3 Receptors and Their Modulation by Buffers
Rüdiger, S.; Nagaiah, Ch.; Warnecke, G.; Shuai, J.W.
2010-01-01
Abstract We study Ca2+ release through single and clustered IP3 receptor channels on the ER membrane under presence of buffer proteins. Our computational scheme couples reaction-diffusion equations and a Markovian channel model and allows our investigating the effects of buffer proteins on local calcium concentrations and channel gating. We find transient and stationary elevations of calcium concentrations around active channels and show how they determine release amplitude. Transient calcium domains occur after closing of isolated channels and constitute an important part of the channel's feedback. They cause repeated openings (bursts) and mediate increased release due to Ca2+ buffering by immobile proteins. Stationary domains occur during prolonged activity of clustered channels, where the spatial proximity of IP3Rs produces a distinct [Ca2+] scale (0.5–10 μM), which is smaller than channel pore concentrations (>100 μM) but larger than transient levels. While immobile buffer affects transient levels only, mobile buffers in general reduce both transient and stationary domains, giving rise to Ca2+ evacuation and biphasic modulation of release amplitude. Our findings explain recent experiments in oocytes and provide a general framework for the understanding of calcium signals. PMID:20655827
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Domain decomposition method for solving elliptic problems in unbounded domains
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Khoromskij, B.N.; Mazurkevich, G.E.; Zhidkov, E.P.
1991-01-01
Computational aspects of the box domain decomposition (DD) method for solving boundary value problems in an unbounded domain are discussed. A new variant of the DD-method for elliptic problems in unbounded domains is suggested. It is based on the partitioning of an unbounded domain adapted to the given asymptotic decay of an unknown function at infinity. The comparison of computational expenditures is given for boundary integral method and the suggested DD-algorithm. 29 refs.; 2 figs.; 2 tabs
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The SHOCT domain: a widespread domain under-represented in model organisms.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ruth Y Eberhardt
Full Text Available We have identified a new protein domain, which we have named the SHOCT domain (Short C-terminal domain. This domain is widespread in bacteria with over a thousand examples. But we found it is missing from the most commonly studied model organisms, despite being present in closely related species. It's predominantly C-terminal location, co-occurrence with numerous other domains and short size is reminiscent of the Gram-positive anchor motif, however it is present in a much wider range of species. We suggest several hypotheses about the function of SHOCT, including oligomerisation and nucleic acid binding. Our initial experiments do not support its role as an oligomerisation domain.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hill, Shannon E.; Nguyen, Elaine; Donegan, Rebecca K.; Patterson-Orazem, Athéna C.; Hazel, Anthony; Gumbart, James C.; Lieberman, Raquel L.
2017-11-01
Glaucoma-associated myocilin is a member of the olfactomedins, a protein family involved in neuronal development and human diseases. Molecular studies of the myocilin N-terminal coiled coil demonstrate a unique tripartite architecture: a Y-shaped parallel dimer-of-dimers with distinct tetramer and dimer regions. The structure of the dimeric C-terminal 7-heptad repeats elucidates an unexpected repeat pattern involving inter-strand stabilization by oppositely charged residues. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal an alternate accessible conformation in which the terminal inter-strand disulfide limits the extent of unfolding and results in a kinked configuration. By inference, full-length myocilin is also branched, with two pairs of C-terminal olfactomedin domains. Selected variants within the N-terminal region alter the apparent quaternary structure of myocilin but do so without compromising stability or causing aggregation. In addition to increasing our structural knowledge of naturally occurring extracellular coiled coils and biomedically important olfactomedins, this work broadens the scope of protein misfolding in the pathogenesis of myocilin-associated glaucoma.
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Banga, Shreshtha; Datta, Vikram; Rehan, Harmeet Singh; Bhakhri, Bhanu Kiran
2016-04-01
Safety of oral sucrose, commonly used procedural analgesic in neonates, is questioned. To evaluate the effect of sucrose analgesia, for repeated painful procedures, on short-term neurobehavioral outcome of preterm neonates. Stable preterm neonates were randomized to receive either sucrose or distilled water orally, for every potentially painful procedure during the first 7 days after enrollment. Neurodevelopmental status at 40 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) measured using the domains of Neurobehavioral Assessment of Preterm Infants scale. A total of 93 newborns were analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the groups were comparable. No statistically significant difference was observed in the assessment at 40 weeks PCA, among the groups. Use of sucrose analgesia, for repeated painful procedures on newborns, does not lead to any significant difference in the short-term neurobehavioral outcome. © The Author [2015]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Mizejewski, G J
2015-01-01
Recent studies have demonstrated that the carboxyterminal third domain of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-CD) binds with various ligands and receptors. Reports within the last decade have established that AFP-CD contains a large fragment of amino acids that interact with several different receptor types. Using computer software specifically designed to identify protein-to-protein interaction at amino acid sequence docking sites, the computer searches identified several types of scavenger-associated receptors and their amino acid sequence locations on the AFP-CD polypeptide chain. The scavenger receptors (SRs) identified were CD36, CD163, Stabilin, SSC5D, SRB1 and SREC; the SR-associated receptors included the mannose, low-density lipoprotein receptors, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Interestingly, some SR interaction sites were localized on the AFP-derived Growth Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) segment at amino acids #480-500. Following the detection studies, a structural subdomain analysis of both the receptor and the AFP-CD revealed the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, extracellular matrix-like protein regions, amino acid-rich motifs and dimerization subdomains. For the first time, it was reported that EGF-like sequence repeats were identified on each of the three domains of AFP. Thereafter, the localization of receptors on specific cell types were reviewed and their functions were discussed.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fatih ARSLAN
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Fikret, one of the volunteer soldiers of the tragic, is a sincere poet who is trying to soften the world of alteration, paradox and discrepancy with rear anxiety crises. He has transferred all the traumas he experienced in terms of social, psychological, physical and status into his stanzas sincerely. In spite of the elapsed time, his standing in an extent that cannot be exceeded in Turkish poetry should be mainlyanalyzed from that lyrical point of view. You feel and sense the mostsentimental weeping and cries of “ The Civilization of Tear” in Fikret’spoem. Both in his period and later, with different reasons, tens ofresearches and writings have been written up about him. One of thosewritings belongs to Fuat Köprülü who depicts his perception of poetry ina social structure again, because of unfair news aroused about him.The review that was published in 1918 as a minor book has acharacteristic of a quite original text for the studies on Fikret. The initialperiods of Turkish literature in fixing many of the original "Köprülü","Servet-i Fünun" the poet of the most complex in terms of literature,beyond the rhetoric of Turkish literature was an important work on. Thetext is short but extremely serious observations. Accompanied byexamples of the concepts of morality and value dimensions used inpoetry, which is looking for the answer to the question of the mostimportant problems Köprülü state. Tried to read the value from theworld of the poet's world. Readings of the text up to date, or is notpushed Tevfik Fikret a serious shortcoming in the name ofinvestigations. This study is primarily functional reading of the text tomake a solid effort and the continuation of the purpose of Fikret seeksto examine the source of. Türk şiirinde trajiğin gönüllü erlerinde olan Fikret; değişim, yozlaşma, çelişki ve tutarsızlık dünyasını artçı tedirginlik krizleriyle yumuşatmaya çalışan samimi bir şairdir. Uğradığı sosyal
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Oliver C Redfern
2007-11-01
Full Text Available We present CATHEDRAL, an iterative protocol for determining the location of previously observed protein folds in novel multidomain protein structures. CATHEDRAL builds on the features of a fast secondary-structure-based method (using graph theory to locate known folds within a multidomain context and a residue-based, double-dynamic programming algorithm, which is used to align members of the target fold groups against the query protein structure to identify the closest relative and assign domain boundaries. To increase the fidelity of the assignments, a support vector machine is used to provide an optimal scoring scheme. Once a domain is verified, it is excised, and the search protocol is repeated in an iterative fashion until all recognisable domains have been identified. We have performed an initial benchmark of CATHEDRAL against other publicly available structure comparison methods using a consensus dataset of domains derived from the CATH and SCOP domain classifications. CATHEDRAL shows superior performance in fold recognition and alignment accuracy when compared with many equivalent methods. If a novel multidomain structure contains a known fold, CATHEDRAL will locate it in 90% of cases, with <1% false positives. For nearly 80% of assigned domains in a manually validated test set, the boundaries were correctly delineated within a tolerance of ten residues. For the remaining cases, previously classified domains were very remotely related to the query chain so that embellishments to the core of the fold caused significant differences in domain sizes and manual refinement of the boundaries was necessary. To put this performance in context, a well-established sequence method based on hidden Markov models was only able to detect 65% of domains, with 33% of the subsequent boundaries assigned within ten residues. Since, on average, 50% of newly determined protein structures contain more than one domain unit, and typically 90% or more of these
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Novel expressed sequence tag- simple sequence repeats (EST ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Using different bioinformatic criteria, the SUCEST database was used to mine for simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among 42,189 clusters, 1,425 expressed sequence tag- simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified in silico. Trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs detected. Of 212 primer pairs ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Crampin S.
2006-12-01
-organized criticality. The next step is to employ these techniques to model, monitor, and predict the effects of changing conditions on the deformation of the rockmass. On pourrait avancer que l'anisotropie dans la biréfringence des ondes transversales n'a pas répondu à ses promesses initiales, à savoir ouvrir une nouvelle voie dans la compréhension des phénomènes de fissures et de contraintes dans la croûte terrestre. Dans cet article sont présentés deux développements révélés récemment, qui paraissent raviver ces premiers espoirs et apportent des opportunités nouvelles pour le contrôle, la modélisation et même la prévision des déformations (avant fracture dans les roches microfracturées et saturées de fluides. Ainsi, un modèle de poroélasticité (APE développé récemment concerne l'évolution sous contraintes des roches microfracturées et saturées en fluide et reproduit une large gamme de phénomènes, qui seraient autrement inexpliqués ou dissociés, et semble être une bonne approximation au premier ordre de l'évolution des roches microfracturées et saturées en fluide. Puisque les paramètres qui contrôlent à petite échelle la déformation (avant fracture contrôlent aussi la biréfringence des ondes transversales, il apparaît que l'évolution des roches microfracturées et saturées peut être aussi directement contrôlée par cette biréfringence et que la réponse à des changements futurs peut être prédite par l'APE. Le bon usage de la modélisation de l'APE et des observations de la biréfringence des ondes transversales implique que la plupart des roches soient proches d'un stade de fracturation critique associé à une percolation limite, situation où la résistance aux contraintes transversales disparaît et où les fractures transversales peuvent se propager. Ceci corrobore une autre hypothèse concernant la mise en situation critique spontanée des roches in situ. La conséquence de cette identification est que la physique à petite
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Iznīqī and Jābir, Sirr and Miftāḥ: Two Authors, Four Titles, One Alchemical Treatise
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paola Carusi
2017-03-01
Full Text Available An alchemical Arabic treatise alternatively entitled Miftāḥ al-ḥikma, Miftāḥ jannāt al-khuld, Sirr al-asrār and Sirr al-sārr wa-sirr al-asrār is attributed in its manuscripts to two different authors: al-Iznīqī and Jābir b. Ḥayyān. In this article I briefly discuss some characteristic aspects of the treatise and its significance for the history of alchemy. These aspects include its ancient and important sources, such as the Muṣḥaf al-jamā‛a (Turba philosophorum and the Kitāb al-Ḥabīb, and its connection with the tradition of the artists and the activity of the workshop and laboratory, which first comes to the fore in Greek alchemy and later in Islamic alchemy. Furthermore, the work includes references to alchemical physical theories in which the influence of Islamic theology may perhaps be traced. This article, which summarises the results of investigations carried out over the last few years, could be considered as a kind of introduction to the edition and translation of the text currently in progress.
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Domain-to-domain coupling in voltage-sensing phosphatase.
Sakata, Souhei; Matsuda, Makoto; Kawanabe, Akira; Okamura, Yasushi
2017-01-01
Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) consists of a transmembrane voltage sensor and a cytoplasmic enzyme region. The enzyme region contains the phosphatase and C2 domains, is structurally similar to the tumor suppressor phosphatase PTEN, and catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoinositides. The transmembrane voltage sensor is connected to the phosphatase through a short linker region, and phosphatase activity is induced upon membrane depolarization. Although the detailed molecular characteristics of the voltage sensor domain and the enzyme region have been revealed, little is known how these two regions are coupled. In addition, it is important to know whether mechanism for coupling between the voltage sensor domain and downstream effector function is shared among other voltage sensor domain-containing proteins. Recent studies in which specific amino acid sites were genetically labeled using a fluorescent unnatural amino acid have enabled detection of the local structural changes in the cytoplasmic region of Ciona intestinalis VSP that occur with a change in membrane potential. The results of those studies provide novel insight into how the enzyme activity of the cytoplasmic region of VSP is regulated by the voltage sensor domain.
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Role of memory errors in quantum repeaters
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hartmann, L.; Kraus, B.; Briegel, H.-J.; Duer, W.
2007-01-01
We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable waiting times for classical signals. We show how to overcome these limitations by (i) improving local memory and (ii) introducing two operational modes of the quantum repeater. In both operational modes, the repeater is run blindly, i.e., without waiting for classical signals to arrive. In the first scheme, entanglement purification protocols based on one-way classical communication are used allowing to communicate over arbitrary distances. However, the error thresholds for noise in local control operations are very stringent. The second scheme makes use of entanglement purification protocols with two-way classical communication and inherits the favorable error thresholds of the repeater run in standard mode. One can increase the possible communication distance by an order of magnitude with reasonable overhead in physical resources. We outline the architecture of a quantum repeater that can possibly ensure intercontinental quantum communication
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Ocular surface sensitivity repeatability with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer.
Chao, Cecilia; Stapleton, Fiona; Badarudin, Ezailina; Golebiowski, Blanka
2015-02-01
To determine the repeatability of ocular surface threshold measurements using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer on the same day and 3 months apart. Two separate studies were conducted to determine the repeatability of ocular surface threshold measurements made on the same day (n = 20 subjects) and 3 months apart (n = 29 subjects). The Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal and inferior conjunctival thresholds using the ascending method of limits. The pressure exerted by the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was determined using an analytical balance, for both the 0.08- and 0.12-mm-diameter filaments. This calibration was then used to convert filament length measurements to pressure. Repeatability was determined using a Bland and Altman analysis. The pressure exerted at each filament length differed between the two filament diameters. The measured pressure also differed from values provided by the manufacturer. Repeatability of threshold measurements at the central cornea was shown to be good, with better repeatability for same-day measurements (coefficient of repeatability [CoR] = ±0.23 g/mm²) than for those 3 months apart (CoR = ±0.52 g/mm²). Threshold measurements at the inferior conjunctiva, in contrast, were poorly repeatable (CoR = ±12.78 g/mm²). Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry is repeatable when performed on the central cornea on the same day and 3 months apart, but this instrument is not recommended for conjunctival threshold measurements.
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MIT domain of Vps4 is a Ca2+-dependent phosphoinositide-binding domain.
Iwaya, Naoko; Takasu, Hirotoshi; Goda, Natsuko; Shirakawa, Masahiro; Tanaka, Toshiki; Hamada, Daizo; Hiroaki, Hidekazu
2013-05-01
The microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain is a small protein module that is conserved in proteins of diverged function, such as Vps4, spastin and sorting nexin 15 (SNX15). The molecular function of the MIT domain is protein-protein interaction, in which the domain recognizes peptides containing MIT-interacting motifs. Recently, we identified an evolutionarily related domain, 'variant' MIT domain at the N-terminal region of the microtubule severing enzyme katanin p60. We found that the domain was responsible for binding to microtubules and Ca(2+). Here, we have examined whether the authentic MIT domains also bind Ca(2+). We found that the loop between the first and second α-helices of the MIT domain binds a Ca(2+) ion. Furthermore, the MIT domains derived from Vps4b and SNX15a showed phosphoinositide-binding activities in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We propose that the MIT domain is a novel membrane-associating domain involved in endosomal trafficking.
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Safety of Repeated Yttrium-90 Radioembolization
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lam, Marnix G. E. H.; Louie, John D.; Iagaru, Andrei H.; Goris, Michael L.; Sze, Daniel Y.
2013-01-01
Purpose: Repeated radioembolization (RE) treatments carry theoretically higher risk of radiation-induced hepatic injury because of the liver’s cumulative memory of previous exposure. We performed a retrospective safety analysis on patients who underwent repeated RE. Methods: From 2004 to 2011, a total of 247 patients were treated by RE. Eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51–71 years) underwent repeated treatment of a targeted territory, all with resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Lane Cove, Australia). Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of RE-induced liver disease (REILD) and multiple variables was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses in all 247 patients who received RE. Results: Two patients died shortly after the second treatment (at 84 and 107 days) with signs and symptoms of REILD. Both patients underwent whole liver treatment twice (cumulative doses 3.08 and 2.66 GBq). The other 6 patients demonstrated only minor toxicities after receiving cumulative doses ranging from 2.41 to 3.88 GBq. All patients experienced objective tumor responses. In the whole population, multifactorial analysis identified three risk factors associated with REILD: repeated RE (p = 0.036), baseline serum total bilirubin (p = 0.048), and baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.043). Repeated RE proved to be the only independent risk factor for REILD in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 9.6; p = 0.002). Additionally, the administered activity per target volume (in GBq/L) was found to be an independent risk factor for REILD, but only in whole liver treatments (p = 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of REILD appears to be elevated for repeated RE. Objective tumor responses were observed, but establishment of safety limits will require improvement in dosimetric measurement and prediction
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Safety of Repeated Yttrium-90 Radioembolization
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lam, Marnix G. E. H.; Louie, John D. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States); Iagaru, Andrei H.; Goris, Michael L. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine (United States); Sze, Daniel Y., E-mail: dansze@stanford.edu [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States)
2013-10-15
Purpose: Repeated radioembolization (RE) treatments carry theoretically higher risk of radiation-induced hepatic injury because of the liver's cumulative memory of previous exposure. We performed a retrospective safety analysis on patients who underwent repeated RE. Methods: From 2004 to 2011, a total of 247 patients were treated by RE. Eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51-71 years) underwent repeated treatment of a targeted territory, all with resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Lane Cove, Australia). Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of RE-induced liver disease (REILD) and multiple variables was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses in all 247 patients who received RE. Results: Two patients died shortly after the second treatment (at 84 and 107 days) with signs and symptoms of REILD. Both patients underwent whole liver treatment twice (cumulative doses 3.08 and 2.66 GBq). The other 6 patients demonstrated only minor toxicities after receiving cumulative doses ranging from 2.41 to 3.88 GBq. All patients experienced objective tumor responses. In the whole population, multifactorial analysis identified three risk factors associated with REILD: repeated RE (p = 0.036), baseline serum total bilirubin (p = 0.048), and baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.043). Repeated RE proved to be the only independent risk factor for REILD in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 9.6; p = 0.002). Additionally, the administered activity per target volume (in GBq/L) was found to be an independent risk factor for REILD, but only in whole liver treatments (p = 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of REILD appears to be elevated for repeated RE. Objective tumor responses were observed, but establishment of safety limits will require improvement in dosimetric measurement and prediction.
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Weidmann, Chase A; Goldstrohm, Aaron C
2012-01-01
Drosophila melanogaster Pumilio is an RNA-binding protein that potently represses specific mRNAs. In developing embryos, Pumilio regulates a key morphogen, Hunchback, in collaboration with the cofactor Nanos. To investigate repression by Pumilio and Nanos, we created cell-based assays and found that Pumilio inhibits translation and enhances mRNA decay independent of Nanos. Nanos robustly stimulates repression through interactions with the Pumilio RNA-binding domain. We programmed Pumilio to recognize a new binding site, which garners repression of new target mRNAs. We show that cofactors Brain Tumor and eIF4E Homologous Protein are not obligatory for Pumilio and Nanos activity. The conserved RNA-binding domain of Pumilio was thought to be sufficient for its function. Instead, we demonstrate that three unique domains in the N terminus of Pumilio possess the major repressive activity and can function autonomously. The N termini of insect and vertebrate Pumilio and Fem-3 binding factors (PUFs) are related, and we show that corresponding regions of human PUM1 and PUM2 have repressive activity. Other PUF proteins lack these repression domains. Our findings suggest that PUF proteins have evolved new regulatory functions through protein sequences appended to their conserved PUF repeat RNA-binding domains.