Tools to investigate how interprofessional education activities link to competencies

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Courtney West

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Integrating interprofessional education (IPE activities and curricular components in health professions education has been emphasized recently by the inclusion of accreditation standards across disciplines. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC established IPE competencies in 2009, but evaluating how activities link to competencies has not been investigated in depth. The purpose of this project is to investigate how well two IPE activities align with IPEC competencies. To evaluate how our IPE activities met IPEC competencies, we developed a checklist and an observation instrument. A brief description of each is included as well as the outcomes. We analyzed Disaster Day, a simulation exercise that includes participants from Nursing, Medicine, and Pharmacy, and Interprofessional Healthcare Ethics (IPHCE, a course that introduced medical, nursing, and pharmacy students to ethical issues using didactic sessions and case discussions. While both activities appeared to facilitate the development of IPE competencies, Disaster Day aligned more with IPEC competencies than the IPHCE course and appears to be a more comprehensive way of addressing IPEC competencies. However, offering one IPE activity or curricular element is not sufficient. Having several IPE options available, utilizing the tools we developed to map the IPE curriculum and evaluating competency coverage is recommended.

Quorum Sensing Regulation of Competence and Bacteriocins in Streptococcus pneumoniae and mutans

Science.gov (United States)

Shanker, Erin; Federle, Michael J.

2017-01-01

The human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans have both evolved complex quorum sensing (QS) systems that regulate the production of bacteriocins and the entry into the competent state, a requirement for natural transformation. Natural transformation provides bacteria with a mechanism to repair damaged genes or as a source of new advantageous traits. In S. pneumoniae, the competence pathway is controlled by the two-component signal transduction pathway ComCDE, which directly regulates SigX, the alternative sigma factor required for the initiation into competence. Over the past two decades, effectors of cellular killing (i.e., fratricides) have been recognized as important targets of the pneumococcal competence QS pathway. Recently, direct interactions between the ComCDE and the paralogous BlpRH pathway, regulating bacteriocin production, were identified, further strengthening the interconnections between these two QS systems. Interestingly, a similar theme is being revealed in S. mutans, the primary etiological agent of dental caries. This review compares the relationship between the bacteriocin and the competence QS pathways in both S. pneumoniae and S. mutans, and hopes to provide clues to regulatory pathways across the genus Streptococcus as a potential tool to efficiently investigate putative competence pathways in nontransformable streptococci. PMID:28067778

Análise da percepção de competência física de crianças com deficiência mental Examination of perceived physical competence of children with mental retardation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larissa Daniele Rubira Strioto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo descritivo foi analisar a percepção de competência física de crianças com deficiência mental (DM moderada em relação a diferentes idades e gêneros, bem como comparar a percepção de competência física dos praticantes e não-praticantes de atividades físicas ou esportivas. Foram sujeitos 76 crianças. Como instrumento foi utilizada a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Physical Competence for Children with Mental Retardation, um questionário com questões referentes à prática de atividades físicas e/ou desportivas fora do ambiente escolar e outro com questões referentes às atividades realizadas dentro do ambiente escolar. Os resultados sugerem que: crianças com deficiência mental moderada apresentam alta percepção de competência; não houve diferença significativa entre gêneros; crianças com idade de 12 anos apresentaram níveis de percepção de competência física menor do que a das crianças de 7, 8 e 9 anos (p= 0,01; crianças que praticam exercícios físicos ou esportes têm percepção de competência física menor do que os não-praticantes. Assim conclui-se: a prática de exercícios físicos/esportivos evidencia-se como elemento interveniente na elaboração dos critérios de julgamento da percepção de competência das crianças, auxiliando na construção de parâmetros avaliativos mais precisos e realistas.The objective of this descriptive study was to analyze the perceived physical competence of children with mild mental retardation in relation to different ages and genders as well as to compare the perceived physical competence of children that practice and children that don't practice physical or sports activities. The sample consisted of 76 children. The instruments used were the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Physical Competence for Children with Mental Retardation, a questionnaire assessing the practice of physical activities or sports out of school and another questionnaire assessing

Proteomics reveals dynamic assembly of repair complexes during bypass of DNA cross-links

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Räschle, Markus; Smeenk, Godelieve; Hansen, Rebecca K

2015-01-01

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) block replication fork progression by inhibiting DNA strand separation. Repair of ICLs requires sequential incisions, translesion DNA synthesis, and homologous recombination, but the full set of factors involved in these transactions remains unknown. We devised ...

Entrepreneur Program. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

Science.gov (United States)

De Maria, Richard

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The document consists of matrices that describe the relationship of vocational skills to basic communication, mathematics, and science skills within the entrepreneur…

Fashion Merchandising. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Edwina

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Competências do enfermeiro na promoção da saúde de indivíduos com cardiopatias crônicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virna Ribeiro Feitosa Cestari

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as competências do enfermeiro relacionadas à promoção da saúde de indivíduos com cardiopatas crônicas, à luz do Consenso de Galway. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, IBECS; e no portal PubMed, em fevereiro de 2015. Os 21 artigos selecionados foram analisados de acordo com os oito domínios de competências: Catalisar mudanças, Liderança, Avaliação das necessidades, Planejamento, Implementação, Avaliação do impacto, Defesa de direitos e Parcerias. Resultados: todos os domínios de competências foram contemplados nas intervenções do enfermeiro na promoção da saúde de cardiopatas crônicos, sendo o Planejamento e a Avaliação os mais evidenciados. Conclusão: os resultados desta pesquisa destacaram o enfermeiro como agente capaz de operar a gestão do cuidado, com vistas a melhorar articulação deste último com o trabalho e educação e, desta maneira, a assistência à saúde da população.

Relationship between DNA repair and cell recovery: Importance of competing biochemical and metabolic processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Ankeren, S.C.; Wheeler, K.T.; Kansas Univ., Lawrence

1985-01-01

The relationship between the inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage and the inhibition of recovery from radiation-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) by hypertonic treatment was compared in 9L/Ro rat brain tumor cells. Fed plateau phase cultures were γ-irradiated with 1500 rad and then immediately treated for 20 min with a 37 0 C isotonic (0.15 M) or hypertonic (0.50 M) salt solution. The kinetics of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage as assayed using alkaline filter elution were compared to those of recovery from radiation-induced PLD as assayed by colony formation. hypertonic treatment of unirradiated cells produced neither DNA damage nor cell kill. Post-irradiation hypertonic treatment inhibited both DNA repair and PLD recovery, while post-irradiation istonic treatment inhibited neither phenomenon. However, by 2 h after irradiation, the amount of DNA damage remaining after a 20 min hypertonic treatment was equivalent to that remaining after a 20 min isotonic treatment. In contrast, cell survival after hypertonic treatment remained 2 logs lower than after isotonic treatment even at times up to 24 h. These results suggest that the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage per per se is not causally related to recovery from radiation-induced PLD. However, the data are consistent with the time of DNA repair as an important parameter in determining cell survival and, therefore, tend to support the hypothesis that imbalances in sets of competing biochemical or metabolic processes determine survival rather than the presence of a single class of unrepaired DNA lesions. (orig.)

A Study on the Link between Moral Judgment Competences and Critical Thinking Skills

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Samanci, Nilay Keskin

2015-01-01

Although many studies have established a direct link between moral judgment competences and critical thinking skills, none has been found to reveal the nature of the link between these two skills in the national and international literature. The present study looked at biology and primary education teacher candidates' moral judgment and critical…

Knockdown of αII spectrin in normal human cells by siRNA leads to chromosomal instability and decreased DNA interstrand cross-link repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McMahon, Laura W.; Zhang Pan; Sridharan, Deepa M.; Lefferts, Joel A.; Lambert, Muriel W.

2009-01-01

Nonerythroid α-spectrin (αIISp) is a structural protein involved in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and is deficient in cells from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), which are defective in ability to repair cross-links. In order to further demonstrate the importance of the role that αIISp plays in normal human cells and in the repair defect in FA, αIISp was knocked down in normal cells using siRNA. Depletion of αIISp in normal cells by siRNA resulted in chromosomal instability and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents. An increased number of chromosomal aberrations were observed and, following treatment with a DNA interstrand cross-linking agent, mitomycin C, cells showed decreased cell growth and survival and decreased formation of damage-induced αIISp and XPF nuclear foci. Thus depletion of αIISp in normal cells leads to a number of defects observed in FA cells, such as chromosome instability and a deficiency in cross-link repair.

Competência para prestar cuidado de enfermagem transcultural à pessoa com deficiência: instrumento de autoavaliação

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Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O estudo trata da Teoria de Enfermagem Transcultural que desenvolve fundamentação para o cuidado, essência do trabalho da Enfermagem, apoiada na antropologia que dá suporte e explica aspectos da cultura e do cuidado. Estudo reflexivo apoiado no método de Análise da Teoria para estudo dos conceitos com objetivo de construir Instrumento de Autoavaliação de Competências para o Cuidado Transcultural à Pessoa com Deficiência. Analisados os conceitos principais, Cuidado Culturalmente Competente e Comunicação Cultural, e subconceitos: avaliação, valores, diversidade biocultural, habilidade, conhecimento, identidade, código e empatia cultura. Sintetizou-se o ciclo de análise de valores culturais que subsidiam a autoavaliação. Construiu-se o Instrumento de Autoavaliação da Competência para o Cuidado de Enfermagem Transcultural à Pessoa com Deficiência, especificamente, surdez, cegueira ou baixa visão, deficiência física e mental nos aspectos de cumprimentar, aceitar, ajudar, conhecer e advogar. Conclui-se que a teoria reúne características para o cuidado da pessoa com deficiência.

Experiências internacionais com o orçamento público por regime de competência

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Bento Rodrigo Pereira Monteiro

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Com a adoção do regime contábil de competência como base do registro contábil na Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público de diversos países, os governos precisam decidir entre manter o regime de caixa para elaboração dos documentos orçamentários ou ampliar o espectro da mudança também para o campo da geração do orçamento público. O assunto tem sido estudado, especialmente, por governos nacionais e organismos internacionais de forma a verificar a adequação do caminho percorrido por estes países. O presente artigo tem como objetivo iniciar uma discussão importante para o Brasil, em face da futura edição de uma nova lei de finanças públicas e abre caminho para a realização de novos estudos que aprofundem a discussão aqui iniciada. Para isso, foram utilizadas, como fonte dos dados, as pesquisas internacionais realizadas sobre o orçamento de competência, bem como alguns documentos governamentais dos países que adotaram o orçamento por regime de competência. A partir da coleta desses documentos na internet, realizando análise de conteúdo, foi possível identificar as diferenças entre os regimes existentes, bem como vantagens e desvantagens do orçamento por competência. Notadamente, foram identificadas diferenças quanto ao registro de valores referentes a despesas não financeiras (por exemplo, a depreciação, reconhecimento de passivos durante sua geração, ao invés de no momento de seu pagamento. A comparação entre os países que mantiveram o orçamento em caixa depois da adoção da competência com os países que fizeram a adoção da competência para orçamento e contabilidade é importante para verificar até que ponto é fundamental que o mesmo regime seja utilizado para os dois sistemas.

Linking Cultural Competence to Functional Life Outcomes in Mental Health Care Settings.

Science.gov (United States)

Michalopoulou, Georgia; Falzarano, Pamela; Butkus, Michael; Zeman, Lori; Vershave, Judy; Arfken, Cynthia

2014-01-01

Minorities in the United States have well-documented health disparities. Cultural barriers and biases by health care providers may contribute to lower quality of services which may contribute to these disparities. However, evidence linking cultural competency and health outcomes is lacking. This study, part of an ongoing quality improvement effort, tested the mediation hypothesis that patients' perception of provider cultural competency indirectly influences patients' health outcomes through process of care. Data were from patient satisfaction surveys collected in seven mental health clinics (n=94 minority patients). Consistent with our hypothesis, patients' perception of clinicians' cultural competency was indirectly associated with patients' self-reported improvements in social interactions, improvements in performance at work or school, and improvements in managing life problems through the patients' experience of respect, trust, and communication with the clinician. These findings indicate that process of care characteristics during the clinical encounter influence patients' perceptions of clinicians' cultural competency and affect functional outcomes. © 2013 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transfer of Chinese hamster DNA repair gene(s) into repair-deficient human cells (Xeroderma pigmentosum)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karentz, D.; Cleaver, J.E.

1985-01-01

Transfer of repair genes by DNA transfection into repair-deficient Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells has thus far been unsuccessful, presenting an obstacle to cloning XP genes. The authors chose an indirect route to transfer repair genes in chromosome fragments. DNA repair-competent (UV resistant) hybrid cell lines were established by PEG-mediated fusions of DNA repair-deficient (UV sensitive) human fibroblasts (XP12RO) with wild type Chinese hamster (CHO) cells (AA8). CHO cells were exposed to 5 Krad X-rays prior to fusions, predisposing hybrid cells to lose CHO chromosome fragments preferentially. Repair-competent hybrids were selected by periodic exposures to UV light. Secondary and tertiary hybrid cell lines were developed by fusion of X-irradiated hybrids to XP12RO. The hybrid cell lines exhibit resistance to UV that is comparable to that of CHO cells and they are proficient at repair replication after UV exposure. Whole cell DNA-DNA hybridizations indicate that the hybrids have greater homology to CHO DNA than is evident between XP12RO and CHO. These observations indicate that CHO DNA sequences which can function in repair of UV-damaged DNA in human cells have been transferred into the genome of the repair-deficient XP12RO cells

The Fanconi anemia pathway promotes replication-dependent DNA interstrand cross-link repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Knipscheer, Puck; Räschle, Markus; Smogorzewska, Agata; Enoiu, Milica; Ho, The Vinh; Schärer, Orlando D; Elledge, Stephen J; Walter, Johannes C

2009-12-18

Fanconi anemia is a human cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in 13 Fanc genes. The disorder is characterized by genomic instability and cellular hypersensitivity to chemicals that generate DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). A central event in the activation of the Fanconi anemia pathway is the mono-ubiquitylation of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex, but how this complex confers ICL resistance remains enigmatic. Using a cell-free system, we showed that FANCI-FANCD2 is required for replication-coupled ICL repair in S phase. Removal of FANCD2 from extracts inhibits both nucleolytic incisions near the ICL and translesion DNA synthesis past the lesion. Reversal of these defects requires ubiquitylated FANCI-FANCD2. Our results show that multiple steps of the essential S-phase ICL repair mechanism fail when the Fanconi anemia pathway is compromised.

Linking quality goals and product development competences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Johanne Rønnow; Harmsen, Hanne; Friis, Alan

2008-01-01

Quality is a main determinant of consumer food choice. Product development is accordingly a key activity for companies, because it generates the products on the quality of which consumer choices are based. In this respect, product development managers have a focal role, as their personal quality......, including reversed laddering sessions with 18 product development managers. Discrepancies between managerial and consumer quality goals are uncovered. Furthermore, the results point to two general dilemmas faced by product development managers in relation to quality; an external stakeholder dilemma...... orientation influence the way product development is performed. The aim of this paper is to investigate managerial quality goals and how these may be linked to product development competences, which has not previously been studied. The study draws on an empirical, qualitative study in the Danish food industry...

Knockdown of αII spectrin in normal human cells by siRNA leads to chromosomal instability and decreased DNA interstrand cross-link repair

OpenAIRE

McMahon, Laura W.; Zhang, Pan; Sridharan, Deepa M.; Lefferts, Joel A.; Lambert, Muriel W.

2009-01-01

Nonerythroid α-spectrin (αIISp) is a structural protein involved in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and is deficient in cells from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), which are defective in ability to repair cross-links. In order to further demonstrate the importance of the role that αIISp plays in normal human cells and in the repair defect in FA, αIISp was knocked down in normal cells using siRNA. Depletion of αIISp in normal cells by siRNA resulted in chromosomal instability and cellu...

A Política Comercial Comum à prova no pós-Lisboa - A competência para a celebração de acordos internacionais de comércio da União Europeia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria João Palma

2017-05-01

Full Text Available O alargamento do âmbito da política comercial comum da União Europeia a outros domínios além dos relacionados com o comércio internacional de mercadorias iniciou-se com a entrada em vigor do Tratado de Nice, em 2003. A partir dessa altura passaram a estar incluídos na competência exclusiva da União Europeia (UE a celebração de acordos internacionais relacionados com o comércio de serviços ou os aspetos comerciais da propriedade intelectual. Estas novas competências contribuíram para alargar e reforçar o papel da UE como ator na arena do comércio internacional. A globalização alterou a forma como o comércio mundial passou a ser encarado, articulando-o com outras realidades conexas e que o agilizam. Isso explica a competência adquirida pela UE com o Tratado de Lisboa (2009 relativa ao Investimento Direto Estrangeiro. O Parecer 2/2015 do TJUE sobre o Acordo UE/Singapura irá contribuir para clarificar a questão da articulação das competências entre a UE e os Estados-membros no que se refere à celebração dos acordos de comércio da nova geração. | The Common Commercial Policy under challenge after Lisbon – the EU’s competence for the conclusion of international trade agreements. The enlargement of the scope of the Common Commercial Policy beyond external trade of goods started with the entry into force of the Treaty of Nice, in 2003. From that moment on, domains such as the conclusion of international agreements relating to trade of services and commercial aspects of intellectual property were covered by the European Union (EU exclusive competence. These new competences contributed to enhancing and strengthening EU´s role as an actor at the international trade arena. Globalization impacted on international trade, articulating it with related areas such as international direct investment. That explains the acquisition of this new competence by the UE with the Treaty of Lisbon (2009. Opinion 2/15, which concerns the

Transcriptional Profiling of the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans in Response to Competence Signaling Peptide XIP.

Science.gov (United States)

Wenderska, Iwona B; Latos, Andrew; Pruitt, Benjamin; Palmer, Sara; Spatafora, Grace; Senadheera, Dilani B; Cvitkovitch, Dennis G

2017-01-01

In the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans , competence development is regulated by the ComRS signaling system comprised of the ComR regulator and the ComS prepeptide to the competence signaling peptide XIP (ComX-inducing peptide). Aside from competence development, XIP signaling has been demonstrated to regulate cell lysis, and recently, the expression of bacteriocins, small antimicrobial peptides used by bacteria to inhibit closely related species. Our study further explores the effect of XIP signaling on the S. mutans transcriptome. RNA sequencing revealed that XIP induction resulted in a global change in gene expression that was consistent with a stress response. An increase in several membrane-bound regulators, including HdrRM and BrsRM, involved in bacteriocin production, and the VicRKX system, involved in acid tolerance and biofilm formation, was observed. Furthermore, global changes in gene expression corresponded to changes observed during the stringent response to amino acid starvation. Effects were also observed on genes involved in sugar transport and carbon catabolite repression and included the levQRST and levDEFG operons. Finally, our work identified a novel heat shock-responsive intergenic region, encoding a small RNA, with a potential role in competence shutoff. IMPORTANCE Genetic competence provides bacteria with an opportunity to increase genetic diversity or acquire novel traits conferring a survival advantage. In the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans , DNA transformation is regulated by the competence stimulating peptide XIP (ComX-inducing peptide). The present study utilizes high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to provide a greater understanding of how global gene expression patterns change in response to XIP. Overall, our work demonstrates that in S. mutans , XIP signaling induces a response that resembles the stringent response to amino acid starvation. We further identify a novel heat shock-responsive intergenic region with a

Photosensitized UVA-Induced Cross-Linking between Human DNA Repair and Replication Proteins and DNA Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

Long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA, 320–400 nm) interacts with chromophores present in human cells to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage both DNA and proteins. ROS levels are amplified, and the damaging effects of UVA are exacerbated if the cells are irradiated in the presence of UVA photosensitizers such as 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a strong UVA chromophore that is extensively incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells, or the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Both DNA-embedded 6-TG and ciprofloxacin combine synergistically with UVA to generate high levels of ROS. Importantly, the extensive protein damage induced by these photosensitizer+UVA combinations inhibits DNA repair. DNA is maintained in intimate contact with the proteins that effect its replication, transcription, and repair, and DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) are a recognized reaction product of ROS. Cross-linking of DNA metabolizing proteins would compromise these processes by introducing physical blocks and by depleting active proteins. We describe a sensitive and statistically rigorous method to analyze DPCs in cultured human cells. Application of this proteomics-based analysis to cells treated with 6-TG+UVA and ciprofloxacin+UVA identified proteins involved in DNA repair, replication, and gene expression among those most vulnerable to cross-linking under oxidative conditions. PMID:27654267

Linking Social Anxiety with Social Competence in Early Adolescence: Physiological and Coping Moderators.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaeppler, Alexander K; Erath, Stephen A

2017-02-01

Despite relatively universal feelings of discomfort in social situations, there is considerable evidence for diversity in the social behaviors and peer experiences of socially anxious youth. However, to date, very little research has been conducted with the aim of identifying factors that differentiate socially anxious youth who are more socially competent from those who are less socially competent. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining whether physiological and cognitive coping responses to social stress moderate the association between social anxiety and social competence. Participants were a community sample of 123 fifth and sixth graders (Mage = 12.03). Social anxiety was measured globally and in the context of a lab-based peer evaluation situation, and social competence was assessed via teacher-reports. Physiological (i.e., skin conductance level reactivity, SCLR, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity, RSAR) and coping (i.e., disengaged) responses to social stressors were also assessed. Results indicated that SCLR and disengaged coping with peer victimization moderated associations linking global and context-specific social anxiety with social competence, such that social anxiety was associated with lower social competence at lower levels of SCLR and higher levels of disengaged coping with peer victimization. Thus, whether socially anxious preadolescents exhibit more or less competent social behavior may depend, in part, on how they respond to peer-evaluative stress. Inflexible physiological responses and disengaged coping responses may undermine social competence, whereas engaged responses may counteract socially anxious preadolescents' tendency to withdraw from social interactions or focus primarily on threat cues.

RYBP Is a K63-Ubiquitin-Chain-Binding Protein that Inhibits Homologous Recombination Repair

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Mohammad A.M. Ali

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Summary: Ring1-YY1-binding protein (RYBP is a member of the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1, and like other PRC1 members, it is best described as a transcriptional regulator. However, several PRC1 members were recently shown to function in DNA repair. Here, we report that RYBP preferentially binds K63-ubiquitin chains via its Npl4 zinc finger (NZF domain. Since K63-linked ubiquitin chains are assembled at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs, we examined the contribution of RYBP to DSB repair. Surprisingly, we find that RYBP is K48 polyubiquitylated by RNF8 and rapidly removed from chromatin upon DNA damage by the VCP/p97 segregase. High expression of RYBP competitively inhibits recruitment of BRCA1 repair complex to DSBs, reducing DNA end resection and homologous recombination (HR repair. Moreover, breast cancer cell lines expressing high endogenous RYBP levels show increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP inhibition. These data suggest that RYBP negatively regulates HR repair by competing for K63-ubiquitin chain binding. : Ali et al. find that RYBP binds K63-linked ubiquitin chains and is removed from DNA damage sites. This K63-ubiquitin binding allows RYBP to hinder the recruitment of BRCA1 and Rad51 to DNA double-strand breaks, thus inhibiting homologous recombination repair. Accordingly, cancer cells expressing high RYBP are more sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies. Keywords: DNA damage response, homologous recombination, ubiquitylation, RYBP, polycomb proteins, double-strand break repair, chromatin, histone modification

Double silencing of relevant genes suggests the existence of the direct link between DNA replication/repair and central carbon metabolism in human fibroblasts.

Science.gov (United States)

Wieczorek, Aneta; Fornalewicz, Karolina; Mocarski, Łukasz; Łyżeń, Robert; Węgrzyn, Grzegorz

2018-04-15

Genetic evidence for a link between DNA replication and glycolysis has been demonstrated a decade ago in Bacillus subtilis, where temperature-sensitive mutations in genes coding for replication proteins could be suppressed by mutations in genes of glycolytic enzymes. Then, a strong influence of dysfunctions of particular enzymes from the central carbon metabolism (CCM) on DNA replication and repair in Escherichia coli was reported. Therefore, we asked if such a link occurs only in bacteria or it is a more general phenomenon. Here, we demonstrate that effects of silencing (provoked by siRNA) of expression of genes coding for proteins involved in DNA replication and repair (primase, DNA polymerase ι, ligase IV, and topoisomerase IIIβ) on these processes (less efficient entry into the S phase of the cell cycle and decreased level of DNA synthesis) could be suppressed by silencing of specific genes of enzymes from CMM. Silencing of other pairs of replication/repair and CMM genes resulted in enhancement of the negative effects of lower expression levels of replication/repair genes. We suggest that these results may be proposed as a genetic evidence for the link between DNA replication/repair and CMM in human cells, indicating that it is a common biological phenomenon, occurring from bacteria to humans. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hoechst 33258 dye generates DNA-protein cross-links during ultraviolet light-induced photolysis of bromodeoxyuridine in replicated and repaired DNA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo Xicang; Morgan, W.F.; Cleaver, J.E.

1986-08-01

Substitution of bromodeoxyuridine for thymidine in the DNA of mammalian cells sensitizes them to a range of wavelengths of ultraviolet light. Cells are also sensitized to photochemical reactions involving dyes such as Hoechst 33258, which is used to produce differential staining of chromatids according to their bromodeoxyuridine content. Irradiation with 313 nm light of human and hamster cells containing bromodeoxyuridine in their DNA produced single-strand breaks but no DNA-protein cross-links. Irradiation with 360 nm light in the presence of Hoechst 33258 produced extensive DNA-protein cross-linkage as well as single-strand breaks. These cross-links were observed in DNA containing bromodeoxyuridine incorporated by either semiconservative or repair replication. When the protein was removed with proteinase K, bromodeoxyuridine in repair patches after irradiation by doses of ultraviolet (254 nm) light as low as 0.26 J/m/sup 2/ could readily be detected. Hoechst 33258-mediated photolysis, therefore, provides a sensitive new technique for measuring repair replication after ultraviolet light irradiation.

Automotive and Diesel Engine Rebuilding. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

Science.gov (United States)

Salvatore, Gerald

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

A link between double-strand break-related repair and V(D)J recombination: the scid mutation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hendrickson, E.A.; Qin, X.Q.; Bump, E.A.; Schatz, D.G.; Oettinger, M.; Weaver, D.T.

1991-01-01

We show here that mammalian site-specific recombination and DNA-repair pathways share a common factor. The effects of DNA-damaging agents on cell lines derived from mice homozygous for the scid (severe combined immune deficiency) mutation were studied. Surprisingly, all scid cell lines exhibited a profound hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents that caused double-strand breaks (x-irradiation and bleomycin) but not to other chemicals that caused single-strand breaks or cross-links. Neutral filter elution assays demonstrated that the x-irradiation hypersensitivity could be correlated with a deficiency in repairing double-strand breaks. These data suggest that the scid gene product is involved in two pathways: DNA repair of random double-strand breaks and the site-specific and lymphoid-restricted variable-(diversity)-joining [V(D)J] DNA rearrangement process. We propose that the scid gene product performs a similar function in both pathways and may be a ubiquitous protein

Deletion analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae late competence genes distinguishes virulence determinants that are dependent or independent of competence induction.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Luchang; Lin, Jingjun; Kuang, Zhizhou; Vidal, Jorge E; Lau, Gee W

2015-07-01

The competence regulon of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is crucial for genetic transformation. During competence development, the alternative sigma factor ComX is activated, which in turn, initiates transcription of 80 'late' competence genes. Interestingly, only 16 late genes are essential for genetic transformation. We hypothesized that these late genes that are dispensable for competence are beneficial to pneumococcal fitness during infection. These late genes were systematically deleted, and the resulting mutants were examined for their fitness during mouse models of bacteremia and acute pneumonia. Among these, 14 late genes were important for fitness in mice. Significantly, deletion of some late genes attenuated pneumococcal fitness to the same level in both wild-type and ComX-null genetic backgrounds, suggesting that the constitutive baseline expression of these genes was important for bacterial fitness. In contrast, some mutants were attenuated only in the wild-type genetic background but not in the ComX-null background, suggesting that specific expression of these genes during competence state contributed to pneumococcal fitness. Increased virulence during competence state was partially caused by the induction of allolytic enzymes that enhanced pneumolysin release. These results distinguish the role of basal expression versus competence induction in virulence functions encoded by ComX-regulated late competence genes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Usefulness of Leukosan SkinLink for Simple Facial Laceration Repair in the Emergency Department

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Hyunjoo Kim

2015-07-01

Full Text Available BackgroundRepair of facial laceration in the emergency department can pose a number of difficulties. Children can be uncooperative, but adults can also be if they have sustained head trauma or are intoxicated. Leukosan SkinLink consists of topical adhesive and adhesive tape that can be applied easily to long or tense wounds. In this study, the authors compared conventional suturing with Leukosan SkinLink for facial laceration patients in the emergency department.MethodsThe prospective study was carried out from March 2013 to September 2013 with linear facial laceration patients visiting the emergency department. Exclusion criteria were open fractures, joint injuries, skin defects, hairy skin, and mucosa. The author used Leukosan SkinLink for skin closure in the experimental group and used conventional suturing in the control group. The scar evaluation using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS along with satisfaction scores, procedure times, and complications were compared.ResultsA total of 77 patients (30 in the control group and 47 in the experimental group participated and underwent follow-up for 6 months postoperatively. The scar assessment using the POSAS and the satisfaction score in both groups were similar. The average procedure time in the experimental group was shorter. In the control group, there were four cases of wound dehiscence, two of infection, and one of skin necrosis, whereas four cases of wound dehiscence and one allergic reaction occurred in the experimental group.ConclusionsWith a simple application technique, Leukosan SkinLink is a new effective method for facial laceration repair especially useful for children and uncooperative adults.

DNA interstrand cross-link repair: understanding role of Fanconi anemia pathway and therapeutic implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Shukla, Pallavi; Solanki, Avani; Ghosh, Kanjaksha; Vundinti, Babu Rao

2013-11-01

Interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are extremely toxic DNA lesions that prevent DNA double-helix separation due to the irreversible covalent linkage binding of some agents on DNA strands. Agents that induce these ICLs are thus widely used as chemotherapeutic drugs but may also lead to tumor growth. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to ICL sensitivity. This review provides update on current understanding of the role of FA proteins in repairing ICLs at various stages of cell cycle. We also discuss link between DNA cross-link genotoxicity caused by aldehydes in FA pathway. Besides this, we summarize various ICL agents that act as drugs to treat different types of tumors and highlight strategies for modulating ICL sensitivity for therapeutic interventions that may be helpful in controlling cancer and life-threatening disease, FA. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effects of Carbohydrate Source on Genetic Competence in Streptococcus mutans.

Science.gov (United States)

Moye, Zachary D; Son, Minjun; Rosa-Alberty, Ariana E; Zeng, Lin; Ahn, Sang-Joon; Hagen, Stephen J; Burne, Robert A

2016-08-01

The capacity to internalize and catabolize carbohydrates is essential for dental caries pathogens to persist and cause disease. The expression of many virulence-related attributes by Streptococcus mutans, an organism strongly associated with human dental caries, is influenced by the peptide signaling pathways that control genetic competence. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between the efficiency of competence signaling and carbohydrate source. A significant increase in the activity of the promoters for comX, comS, and comYA after exposure to competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) was observed in cells growing on fructose, maltose, sucrose, or trehalose as the primary carbohydrate source, compared to cells growing on glucose. However, only cells grown in the presence of trehalose or sucrose displayed a significant increase in transformation frequency. Notably, even low concentrations of these carbohydrates in the presence of excess glucose could enhance the expression of comX, encoding a sigma factor needed for competence, and the effects on competence were dependent on the cognate sugar:phosphotransferase permease for each carbohydrate. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter fusions, we observed that growth in fructose or trehalose resulted in a greater proportion of the population activating expression of comX and comS, encoding the precursor of comX-inducing peptide (XIP), after addition of CSP, than growth in glucose. Thus, the source of carbohydrate significantly impacts the stochastic behaviors that regulate subpopulation responses to CSP, which can induce competence in S. mutans The signaling pathways that regulate development of genetic competence in Streptococcus mutans are intimately intertwined with the pathogenic potential of the organism, impacting biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and expression of known virulence determinants. Induction of the gene for the master regulator of competence, ComX, by competence-stimulating peptide (CSP

Effects of Carbohydrate Source on Genetic Competence in Streptococcus mutans

Science.gov (United States)

Moye, Zachary D.; Son, Minjun; Rosa-Alberty, Ariana E.; Zeng, Lin; Ahn, Sang-Joon

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT The capacity to internalize and catabolize carbohydrates is essential for dental caries pathogens to persist and cause disease. The expression of many virulence-related attributes by Streptococcus mutans, an organism strongly associated with human dental caries, is influenced by the peptide signaling pathways that control genetic competence. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between the efficiency of competence signaling and carbohydrate source. A significant increase in the activity of the promoters for comX, comS, and comYA after exposure to competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) was observed in cells growing on fructose, maltose, sucrose, or trehalose as the primary carbohydrate source, compared to cells growing on glucose. However, only cells grown in the presence of trehalose or sucrose displayed a significant increase in transformation frequency. Notably, even low concentrations of these carbohydrates in the presence of excess glucose could enhance the expression of comX, encoding a sigma factor needed for competence, and the effects on competence were dependent on the cognate sugar:phosphotransferase permease for each carbohydrate. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter fusions, we observed that growth in fructose or trehalose resulted in a greater proportion of the population activating expression of comX and comS, encoding the precursor of comX-inducing peptide (XIP), after addition of CSP, than growth in glucose. Thus, the source of carbohydrate significantly impacts the stochastic behaviors that regulate subpopulation responses to CSP, which can induce competence in S. mutans. IMPORTANCE The signaling pathways that regulate development of genetic competence in Streptococcus mutans are intimately intertwined with the pathogenic potential of the organism, impacting biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and expression of known virulence determinants. Induction of the gene for the master regulator of competence, ComX, by competence

Competence without a competence pheromone in a natural isolate of Streptococcus infantis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ween, O; Teigen, S; Gaustad, P

2002-01-01

C and a two-component regulatory system encoded by comDE. Here we report that a natural isolate of a mitis group streptococcus (Atu-4) is competent for genetic transformation even though it has lost the gene encoding the competence pheromone. In contrast to other strains, induction of competence in Atu-4...

8-Methoxypsoralen DNA interstrand cross-linking of the ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. Distribution, repair and effect on rRNA synthesis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fengquin, X; Nielsen, Henrik; Zhen, W

1993-01-01

between three domains (terminal spacer, transcribed region and central spacer) as defined by restriction enzyme analysis (BamHI and ClaI). It is furthermore shown that a dosage resulting in approximately one cross-link per rDNA molecule (21 kbp, two genes) is sufficient to block RNA synthesis. Finally......, it is shown that the cross-links in the rDNA molecules are repaired at equal rate in all three domains within 24 h and that RNA synthesis is partly restored during this repair period. The majority of the cells also go through one to two cell divisions in this period but do not survive....

Assessment of Competence in EVAR Procedures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strøm, M; Lönn, L; Bech, B

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: To develop a procedure specific global rating scale for assessment of operator competence in endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). METHODS: A Delphi approach was used to achieve expert consensus. A panel of 32 international experts (median 300 EVAR procedures, range 200...... suggested by the panel and reduced to seven pivotal assessment items that reached consensus, Cronbach's alpha = 0.82. The seven item rating scale covers key elements of competence in EVAR stent placement and deployment. Each item has well defined grades with explicit anchors at unacceptable, acceptable......, and superior performance on a 5 point Likert scale. CONCLUSION: The Delphi methodology allowed for international consensus on a new procedure specific global rating scale for assessment of competence in EVAR. The resulting scale, EndoVascular Aortic Repair Assessment of Technical Expertise (EVARATE...

Call for papers – thematic issue Competences in Environmental Education (EE and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD

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Jana Dlouhá

2014-05-01

• Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011. Key competencies in sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development. Sustain Sci, 6(2, 203-218. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6  

Unleashing Natural Competence in Lactococcus lactis by Induction of the Competence Regulator ComX

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mulder, Joyce; Wels, Michiel; Kuipers, Oscar P; Kleerebezem, Michiel; Bron, Peter A

2017-01-01

In biotechnological workhorses like Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis, natural competence can be induced, which facilitates genetic manipulation of these microbes. However, in strains of the important dairy starter Lactococcus lactis, natural competence has not been established to

DNA Damage, Repair, and Cancer Metabolism

Science.gov (United States)

Turgeon, Marc-Olivier; Perry, Nicholas J. S.; Poulogiannis, George

2018-01-01

Although there has been a renewed interest in the field of cancer metabolism in the last decade, the link between metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair in cancer has yet to be appreciably explored. In this review, we examine the evidence connecting DNA damage and repair mechanisms with cell metabolism through three principal links. (1) Regulation of methyl- and acetyl-group donors through different metabolic pathways can impact DNA folding and remodeling, an essential part of accurate double strand break repair. (2) Glutamine, aspartate, and other nutrients are essential for de novo nucleotide synthesis, which dictates the availability of the nucleotide pool, and thereby influences DNA repair and replication. (3) Reactive oxygen species, which can increase oxidative DNA damage and hence the load of the DNA-repair machinery, are regulated through different metabolic pathways. Interestingly, while metabolism affects DNA repair, DNA damage can also induce metabolic rewiring. Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers an increase in nucleotide synthesis and anabolic glucose metabolism, while also reducing glutamine anaplerosis. Furthermore, mutations in genes involved in the DDR and DNA repair also lead to metabolic rewiring. Links between cancer metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair are increasingly apparent, yielding opportunities to investigate the mechanistic basis behind potential metabolic vulnerabilities of a substantial fraction of tumors. PMID:29459886

Plastia da valva mitral com a técnica do "Duplo Teflon": resultados de 10 anos Mitral valve repair with "Double Teflon" technique: 10-year results

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Carlos Manuel de Almeida Brandão

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados clínicos tardios da plástica da valva mitral com a técnica do "Duplo Teflon". MÉTODOS: A plástica de "Duplo Teflon" consiste em técnica de reparo mitral com ressecção quadrangular da cúspide posterior, anuloplastia segmentar com plicatura do anel com de fios com "pledgets" sobre uma tira de Teflon, e sutura borda a borda da cúspide. Entre abril de 1994 e dezembro de 2003, 133 pacientes com diagnóstico de insuficiência mitral degenerativa com alongamento ou rotura de cordas da cúspide posterior foram submetidos à plástica com esta técnica. A idade média foi de 60,4 anos e 60,9% eram do sexo feminino. Quanto à avaliação clínica no pré-operatório, 29,3% dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional IV, 55,7% em classe III e 15,0% em classe II. Técnicas associadas de plástica mitral foram utilizadas em 15,2% dos pacientes, sendo a mais comum o encurtamento de cordas. Vinte e seis (19,5% pacientes foram submetidos a operações associadas. RESULTADOS: Houve um (0,75% óbito hospitalar. No período pós-operatório tardio, 95,5% dos sobreviventes estavam em classe funcional I. As taxas linearizadas de tromboembolismo, reoperação e óbito foram 0,9%, 0,3% e 0,6% pacientes/ano, respectivamente. A sobrevida atuarial em 10 anos foi de 94,1% ± 3,6%. As sobrevidas atuariais livre de tromboembolismo e reoperação foram de 97,3 ± 1,5% e 99,2 ± 0,8%, respectivamente. Não houve casos de endocardite ou hemólise. CONCLUSÃO: A plástica da valva mitral com a técnica do "Duplo Teflon" apresenta baixa morbi-mortalidade e boa evolução clínica tardia.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to present the late clinical results of mitral valve repair with the "Double Teflon" technique. METHODS: "Double Teflon" technique consists of a quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet, annulus plication with "pledgetted" stitches over a Teflon patch, and leaflet suture. Between

Is Trust for Sale? The Effectiveness of Financial Compensation for Repairing Competence- versus Integrity-Based Trust Violations

Science.gov (United States)

Haesevoets, Tessa; Reinders Folmer, Chris; Van Hiel, Alain

2015-01-01

Despite the popularity of financial compensation as a means for addressing trust violations, the question whether (more) money can indeed buy trust back remains largely unexplored. In the present research, we focus on the role of violation type and compensation size. The results of a scenario study and a laboratory experiment show that financial compensation can effectively promote the restoration of trust for transgressions that indicate a lack of competence. Conversely, for transgressions which signal a lack of integrity, financial compensation is not an effective tool to repair trust. Moreover, our findings indicate that for both violation types, overcompensation has no positive effects on top of the impact of equal compensation. These findings therefore show that when it comes to trust, money cannot buy everything. PMID:26714025

Repair of Partly Misspecified Causal Diagrams.

Science.gov (United States)

Oates, Chris J; Kasza, Jessica; Simpson, Julie A; Forbes, Andrew B

2017-07-01

Errors in causal diagrams elicited from experts can lead to the omission of important confounding variables from adjustment sets and render causal inferences invalid. In this report, a novel method is presented that repairs a misspecified causal diagram through the addition of edges. These edges are determined using a data-driven approach designed to provide improved statistical efficiency relative to de novo structure learning methods. Our main assumption is that the expert is "directionally informed," meaning that "false" edges provided by the expert would not create cycles if added to the "true" causal diagram. The overall procedure is cast as a preprocessing technique that is agnostic to subsequent causal inferences. Results based on simulated data and data derived from an observational cohort illustrate the potential for data-assisted elicitation in epidemiologic applications. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B208.

A UV-Induced Genetic Network Links the RSC Complex to Nucleotide Excision Repair and Shows Dose-Dependent Rewiring

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Rohith Srivas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Efficient repair of UV-induced DNA damage requires the precise coordination of nucleotide excision repair (NER with numerous other biological processes. To map this crosstalk, we generated a differential genetic interaction map centered on quantitative growth measurements of >45,000 double mutants before and after different doses of UV radiation. Integration of genetic data with physical interaction networks identified a global map of 89 UV-induced functional interactions among 62 protein complexes, including a number of links between the RSC complex and several NER factors. We show that RSC is recruited to both silenced and transcribed loci following UV damage where it facilitates efficient repair by promoting nucleosome remodeling. Finally, a comparison of the response to high versus low levels of UV shows that the degree of genetic rewiring correlates with dose of UV and reveals a network of dose-specific interactions. This study makes available a large resource of UV-induced interactions, and it illustrates a methodology for identifying dose-dependent interactions based on quantitative shifts in genetic networks.

Human DNA repair and recombination genes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thompson, L.H.; Weber, C.A.; Jones, N.J.

1988-09-01

Several genes involved in mammalian DNA repair pathways were identified by complementation analysis and chromosomal mapping based on hybrid cells. Eight complementation groups of rodent mutants defective in the repair of uv radiation damage are now identified. At least seven of these genes are probably essential for repair and at least six of them control the incision step. The many genes required for repair of DNA cross-linking damage show overlap with those involved in the repair of uv damage, but some of these genes appear to be unique for cross-link repair. Two genes residing on human chromosome 19 were cloned from genomic transformants using a cosmid vector, and near full-length cDNA clones of each gene were isolated and sequenced. Gene ERCC2 efficiently corrects the defect in CHO UV5, a nucleotide excision repair mutant. Gene XRCC1 normalizes repair of strand breaks and the excessive sister chromatid exchange in CHO mutant EM9. ERCC2 shows a remarkable /approximately/52% overall homology at both the amino acid and nucleotide levels with the yeast RAD3 gene. Evidence based on mutation induction frequencies suggests that ERCC2, like RAD3, might also be an essential gene for viability. 100 refs., 4 tabs

DNA repair deficiency in neurodegeneration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jeppesen, Dennis Kjølhede; Bohr, Vilhelm A; Stevnsner, Tinna V.

2011-01-01

Deficiency in repair of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders. Many recent experimental results indicate that the post-mitotic neurons are particularly prone to accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions potentially leading to progressive...... neurodegeneration. Nucleotide excision repair is the cellular pathway responsible for removing helix-distorting DNA damage and deficiency in such repair is found in a number of diseases with neurodegenerative phenotypes, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome. The main pathway for repairing oxidative...... base lesions is base excision repair, and such repair is crucial for neurons given their high rates of oxygen metabolism. Mismatch repair corrects base mispairs generated during replication and evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage can cause this pathway to expand trinucleotide repeats, thereby...

Relationship of DNA repair and chromosome aberrations to potentially lethal damage repair in X-irradiated mammalian cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornace, A.J. Jr.; Nagasawa, H.; Little, J.B.

1980-01-01

By the alkaline elution technique, the repair of x-ray-induced DNA single strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links was investigated in stationary phase, contact-inhibited mouse cells. During the first hour of repair, approximately 90% of x-ray induced single strand breaks were rejoined whereas most of the remaining breaks were rejoined more slowly during the next 5 h. The number of residual non-rejoined single strand breaks was approximately proportional to the x-ray dose at early repair times. DNA-protein cross-links were removed at a slower rate - T 1/2 approximately 10 to 12 h. Cells were subcultured at low density at various times after irradiation and scored for colony survival, and chromosome aberrations in the first mitosis after sub-culture. Both cell lethality and the frequency of chromosome aberrations decreased during the first several hours of repair, reaching a minimum level by 6 h; this decrease correlated temporally with the repair of the slowly rejoining DNA strand breaks. The possible relationship of DNA repair to changes in survival and chromosome aberrations is discussed

Competências Profissionais: Um Estudo com Gestores do Varejo de Moda do “Barro Preto” - Belo Horizonte (MG

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Nicolai, Érika Fortes Perdigão

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how the managerial competences are configured and managed in the retail sector of Barro Preto’s fashion district in managers and other sales team members’ perception. In order to accomplish this, we took into account Paiva’s competence model (Paiva, 2007. The field research was characterized as a descriptive case study, with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through documentation survey and analysis and by interviews. The subjects were chosen using accessibility and convenience criteria. The data collected were organized, processed and analyzed by the technique of content analysis. Subsequently, the demographic and functional data of respondents were presented. For most of the inverviewees, the notion of competence is linked to action; they are aware that managers occupy a middle ground in the organizational hierarchy and that they work in an environment known by ambiguity, contradictions and demands. So, to be competent managers, interviewees attested the need for academic training, while considering the importance of experience. This study suggests the importance of informal learning in the managers’ competences training and development, especially through the figure of the "model manager"; in other words, the one that is considered the mirror to the other members of the sales team. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were pointed out.

Pragmatic competence and the CEFR: pragmatic profiling as a link between theory and language use

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Pawel Sickinger

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The functional and communicative perspective on language advocated in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, hides the fact that, while the CEFR programmatically emphasises the role of pragmatic competence in language learning, it provides little guidance in how to transform the domain of language learning, teaching and testing, accordingly. In the present paper, we argue for an extended and more detailed treatment of pragmatic competence in the context of the CEFR, that we think is necessary to enable practitioners to implement this conception of communicative competence in their everyday work. Whereas a gap between the CEFR’s programmatic vision and practical requirements has been noted and addressed, e.g. by the creation of reference level descriptions (RLDs for individual languages, the pragmatic component has thus far not been thoroughly covered by the respective initiatives, such as the English Profile. Based on a review of definitions of pragmatic competence in the linguistic literature, we claim that a customised methodology will be necessary to fully integrate pragmatic competence into CEFR-based descriptions of language competence, especially if these descriptions are to be operationalised in language testing and certification. We then present our own approach to the issue of assessing pragmatic competence, which is part of an ongoing research project called Pragmatic Profiling (PRA.PRO. One of the main goals of this project is to establish pragmatic profiles of different varieties of English based on native speaker communicative behaviour, elicited via a variety of tasks in a standardized questionnaire format (the Questionnaire on English Usage, and other methods. The pragmatic norms derived from this empirical data can be directly compared with learner performance, which will ultimately allow us to assess divergence from native speaker norms and, thereby, evaluate levels of developing pragmatic competence

Competência social e autismo: o papel do contexto da brincadeira com pares Social competence and autism: the role of the context of play with peers

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Cláudia Sanini

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Observa-se o esforço dos pesquisadores em delinear e avaliar intervenções para facilitar o desenvolvimento da interação social em crianças com autismo e seus pares, em situações de inclusão escolar. Entre os resultados controversos dos estudos estão os que se referem ao papel do contexto das brincadeiras, isto é, se livre ou dirigida, na promoção da competência social dessas crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar criticamente a literatura sobre o tema, buscando-se evidências sobre que tipo de contexto de brincadeira tende a promover as interações entre pares, examinando-se as questões metodológicas que cercam esse debate. A conclusão foi de que ambos os contextos promovem o desenvolvimento da competência social, mas o livre tende a ser mais duradouro e espontâneo.There is a substantial effort of researchers in designing and assessing interventions aiming to promote the social interaction between children with autism and their peers, in the context of inclusion. Among the results that are controversial are the issues related to the role of the play context (free or directed in the promotion of children's social competence. The aim of this study was to critically review the literature about this topic by searching evidences about what sort of play context tend to promote peer interaction and by examining the methodological issues that surround this debate. The conclusion is that both contexts promote the development of social competence, but the free one tends to be more permanent and spontaneous.

Competências digitais e informacionais no ensino superior: um estudo com acadêmicos na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG

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Natalia Bermudez Godinho

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa mais ampla que buscou verificar como ocorrem as buscas informacionais para realização de pesquisas acadêmicas de estudantes universitários dos cursos vinculados ao Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, tendo como enfoque a competência informacional. Neste texto, focaliza-se a alfabetização digital, elemento importante e considerado inter-relacionado com a competência informacional. O estudo abrangeu uma amostra de 85 estudantes, sendo que sua metodologia constituiu-se de uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram que alguns estudantes julgam seu desempenho no uso de TIC como sendo entre ruim e péssimo. Já o acesso à internet é considerado entre ruim e péssimo por uma pequena parcela, enquanto a maioria aponta que saber utilizar o computador e a internet pode influenciar na realização de suas pesquisas. Percebeu-se em alguns investigados sentimentos de exclusão e identificou-se algum grau de dificuldade ou desconhecimento no uso de alguns recursos tecnológicos, como bases de dados e gestores de referências, entre outros. As dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes sugerem a necessidade de fomento à alfabetização digital e informacional, trabalhando-se, preferencialmente, com esses conceitos integrados.

Systems Maintenance Automated Repair Tasks (SMART)

Science.gov (United States)

Schuh, Joseph; Mitchell, Brent; Locklear, Louis; Belson, Martin A.; Al-Shihabi, Mary Jo Y.; King, Nadean; Norena, Elkin; Hardin, Derek

2010-01-01

SMART is a uniform automated discrepancy analysis and repair-authoring platform that improves technical accuracy and timely delivery of repair procedures for a given discrepancy (see figure a). SMART will minimize data errors, create uniform repair processes, and enhance the existing knowledge base of engineering repair processes. This innovation is the first tool developed that links the hardware specification requirements with the actual repair methods, sequences, and required equipment. SMART is flexibly designed to be useable by multiple engineering groups requiring decision analysis, and by any work authorization and disposition platform (see figure b). The organizational logic creates the link between specification requirements of the hardware, and specific procedures required to repair discrepancies. The first segment in the SMART process uses a decision analysis tree to define all the permutations between component/ subcomponent/discrepancy/repair on the hardware. The second segment uses a repair matrix to define what the steps and sequences are for any repair defined in the decision tree. This segment also allows for the selection of specific steps from multivariable steps. SMART will also be able to interface with outside databases and to store information from them to be inserted into the repair-procedure document. Some of the steps will be identified as optional, and would only be used based on the location and the current configuration of the hardware. The output from this analysis would be sent to a work authoring system in the form of a predefined sequence of steps containing required actions, tools, parts, materials, certifications, and specific requirements controlling quality, functional requirements, and limitations.

Deletion analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae late competence genes distinguishes virulence determinants that are dependent or independent of competence induction

OpenAIRE

Zhu, Luchang; Lin, Jingjun; Kuang, Zhizhou; Vidal, Jorge E.; Lau, Gee W.

2015-01-01

The competence regulon of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is crucial for genetic transformation. During competence development, the alternative sigma factor ComX is activated, which in turn, initiates transcription of 80 “late” competence genes. Interestingly, only 16 late genes are essential for genetic transformation. We hypothesized that these late genes that are dispensable for competence are beneficial to pneumococcal fitness during infection. These late genes were systematically...

Competência social e empatia: um estudo sobre resiliência com crianças em situação de pobreza Social competence and empathy: study about resilience with children in poverty

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Alessandra Marques Cecconello

2000-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a competência social e a empatia em crianças escolares que vivem em situação de pobreza. Participaram da pesquisa 100 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre seis e nove anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Teste das Histórias Incompletas (THI (Mondell & Tyler, 1981 e a Escala de Empatia (Bryant, 1982, que avaliaram, respectivamente, competência social e empatia. Os resultados demonstraram que as meninas são mais competentes socialmente e mais empáticas do que os meninos. Da mesma forma, as crianças mais empáticas tendem a ser mais competentes socialmente do que as outras. De um modo geral, os dados obtidos enfatizam a importância dessas duas características como fatores de proteção, contribuindo para a resiliência e adaptação.The aim of this study was to evaluate social competence and empathy in school children who live in poverty. One hundred children, of both sexes, age six to nine years old, participated in this research. The materials were the Incomplete Stories Test (Mondell & Tyler, 1981 and the Empathy Scale (Bryant, 1982, that evaluated, respectively, social competence and empathy. The results demonstrated that girls are more socially competent and more empathic than boys. In the same way, the more empathic children tend to be more socially competent than the others. In a global sense, the data emphasized the importance of these two characteristics as protective factors, contributing to resilience and adaptation.

Formation and repair of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) in newly replicated DNA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiu, S.; Friedman, L.R.; Oleinick, N.L.

1987-01-01

DPCs preferentially involve proteins of the nuclear matrix, the site of replication and transcription. To elucidate the relationship with replication, the formation and repair of DPCs has been studied in newly replicated DNA. Log-phase V79 cells were pulsed with /sup 3/H-TdR (10-20 μCi/ml) for 30-90 sec at 22 0 followed by up to a 60 min chase at 37 0 . Irradiation (0-100 Gy) immediately after the pulse increases the labeled DNA in DPCs with a dose-dependence that is unaffected by the initial level of labeled DPC or by chase time. When cells are irradiated before the pulse, DNA synthesis is inhibited; however, release of pulse-labeled DPCs appears normal. The data suggest that during replication, DNA is cross-linked to (matrix) protein, contributing to background DPCs

Links between Local Language Competence and Peer Relations among Swiss and Immigrant Children: The Mediating Role of Social Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

von Grunigen, Renate; Kochenderfer-Ladd, Becky; Perren, Sonja; Alsaker, Francoise D.

2012-01-01

The primary aim of this investigation was to evaluate a model in which children's social behaviors, including prosocial behavior, setting limits, and social withdrawal, were hypothesized to mediate the links between local language competence (LLC) and peer acceptance and victimization. Longitudinal data were collected via teacher and peer reports…

Link-N: The missing link towards intervertebral disc repair is species-specific.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frances C Bach

Full Text Available Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD is a frequent cause for back pain in humans and dogs. Link-N stabilizes proteoglycan aggregates in cartilaginous tissues and exerts growth factor-like effects. The human variant of Link-N facilitates IVD regeneration in several species in vitro by inducing Smad1 signaling, but it is not clear whether this is species specific. Dogs with IVD disease could possibly benefit from Link-N treatment, but Link-N has not been tested on canine IVD cells. If Link-N appears to be effective in canines, this would facilitate translation of Link-N into the clinic using the dog as an in vivo large animal model for human IVD degeneration.This study's objective was to determine the effect of the human and canine variant of Link-N and short (s Link-N on canine chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs and compare this to those on already studied species, i.e. human and bovine CLCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM production was determined by measuring glycosaminoglycan (GAG content and histological evaluation. Additionally, the micro-aggregates' DNA content was measured. Phosphorylated (p Smad1 and -2 levels were determined using ELISA.Human (sLink-N induced GAG deposition in human and bovine CLCs, as expected. In contrast, canine (sLink-N did not affect ECM production in human CLCs, while it mainly induced collagen type I and II deposition in bovine CLCs. In canine CLCs, both canine and human (sLink-N induced negligible GAG deposition. Surprisingly, human and canine (sLink-N did not induce Smad signaling in human and bovine CLCs. Human and canine (sLink-N only mildly increased pSmad1 and Smad2 levels in canine CLCs.Human and canine (sLink-N exerted species-specific effects on CLCs from early degenerated IVDs. Both variants, however, lacked the potency as canine IVD regeneration agent. While these studies demonstrate the challenges of translational studies in large animal models, (sLink-N still holds a regenerative potential for humans.

Complex networks under dynamic repair model

Science.gov (United States)

Chaoqi, Fu; Ying, Wang; Kun, Zhao; Yangjun, Gao

2018-01-01

Invulnerability is not the only factor of importance when considering complex networks' security. It is also critical to have an effective and reasonable repair strategy. Existing research on network repair is confined to the static model. The dynamic model makes better use of the redundant capacity of repaired nodes and repairs the damaged network more efficiently than the static model; however, the dynamic repair model is complex and polytropic. In this paper, we construct a dynamic repair model and systematically describe the energy-transfer relationships between nodes in the repair process of the failure network. Nodes are divided into three types, corresponding to three structures. We find that the strong coupling structure is responsible for secondary failure of the repaired nodes and propose an algorithm that can select the most suitable targets (nodes or links) to repair the failure network with minimal cost. Two types of repair strategies are identified, with different effects under the two energy-transfer rules. The research results enable a more flexible approach to network repair.

Microwave Oven Repair. Teacher Edition.

Science.gov (United States)

Smreker, Eugene

This competency-based curriculum guide for teachers addresses the skills a technician will need to service microwave ovens and to provide customer relations to help retain the customer's confidence in the product and trust in the service company that performs the repair. The guide begins with a task analysis, listing 20 cognitive tasks and 5…

The link between competences and company success in Danish manufacturing companies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bove, Karsten; Harmsen, Hanne; Grunert, Klaus G.

2000-01-01

were inductively identified in qualitative interviews with top managers, following a managerial cognition approach. The results were used as input for a representative study of manufacturing firms in Denmark, where the most important competencies were identified. The data analysis revealed 10 key...... competencies: Sales competence, production management, internal market orientation, product development, image, strategy and vision, customer knowledge, quality management, surveillance and marketing competence. The performance on these competencies and background variables were then related to success...

ABC transporter content diversity in Streptococcus pneumoniae impacts competence regulation and bacteriocin production.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Charles Y; Patel, Nisha; Wholey, Wei-Yun; Dawid, Suzanne

2018-06-19

The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) uses natural genetic competence to increase its adaptability through horizontal gene transfer. One method of acquiring DNA is through predation of neighboring strains with antimicrobial peptides called "bacteriocins." Competence and production of the major family of pneumococcal bacteriocins, pneumocins, are regulated by the quorum-sensing systems com and blp , respectively. In the classical paradigm, the ABC transporters ComAB and BlpAB each secretes its own system's signaling pheromone and in the case of BlpAB also secretes the pneumocins. While ComAB is found in all pneumococci, only 25% of strains encode an intact version of BlpAB [BlpAB(+)] while the rest do not [BlpAB(-)]. Contrary to the classical paradigm, it was previously shown that BlpAB(-) strains can activate blp through ComAB-mediated secretion of the blp pheromone during brief periods of competence. To better understand the full extent of com - blp crosstalk, we examined the contribution of each transporter to competence development and pneumocin secretion. We found that BlpAB(+) strains have a greater capacity for competence activation through BlpAB-mediated secretion of the com pheromone. Similarly, we show that ComAB and BlpAB are promiscuous and both can secrete pneumocins. Consequently, differences in pneumocin secretion between BlpAB(+) and BlpAB(-) strains derive from the regulation and kinetics of transporter expression rather than substrate specificity. We speculate that BlpAB(-) strains (opportunists) use pneumocins mainly in a narrowly tailored role for DNA acquisition and defense during competence while BlpAB(+) strains (aggressors) expand their use for the general inhibition of rival strains. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Competência social e práticas educativas parentais em adolescentes com alto e baixo rendimento acadêmico Social competence and parental practices in adolescents with high and low academic achievement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graziela Sapienza

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho investigou as relações entre competência social, práticas educativas parentais e rendimento acadêmico em adolescentes. Participaram deste estudo 66 adolescentes divididos em dois grupos: alto e baixo rendimento acadêmico. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o CBCL e o YSR (Achenbach, 1991 e o IEP (Gomide, 2006. Os resultados mostraram que adolescentes de alto rendimento acadêmico são percebidos pelos pais como socialmente competentes e são criados com mais práticas educativas parentais positivas. Esses dados indicam que o rendimento acadêmico também é influenciado pela competência social e pelo modo como os adolescentes são educados pelos pais. Esses aspectos devem ser considerados em intervenções que pretendem promover a melhoria do rendimento acadêmico e o desenvolvimento de comportamentos ajustados ao contexto escolar.This paper investigated the relations between social competence, parental practices and academic performance in adolescents. 66 adolescents took part in the study and they were divided in two groups: high and low academic performance. The tools used in this research were CBCL and YSR (Achenbach, 1991, and IEP (Gomide, 2006. The results showed that adolescents of high academic achievements are perceived by the parents as socially competent and are raised with more positive parental practices. The data indicated that academic performance is also influenced by the social competence and the way the adolescents are educated by the parents. Those aspects should be considered in interventions that aim at promoting the improvement of academic performance and development of a behavior adjusted to the school.

Paediatric laparoscopic hernia repair: Ex vivo skills in the reduced training era

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Chris Parsons

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Changes to surgical working hours have resulted in shorter training times and fewer learning opportunities. Tools that develop surgical skills ex-vivo are of particular interest in this era. Laparoscopic skills are regarded as essential by many for modern paediatric surgery practice. Several generic skills models have been reported and validated. However, there is limited evidence regarding the role of procedure specific models. Here, a laparoscopic paediatric hernia repair model is trialled with surgical trainees and their competence compared with consultant colleagues. Patients and Methods: An ex-vivo paediatric inguinal hernia repair model was devised. Surgical trainees from 5 specialist centres were recruited and performed multiple standardised repairs. Results: 23 trainees performed 192 repairs. Experts performed 10 repairs for comparison. Trainees were timed performing the repair and their accuracy measured. With repeated attempts trainee′s timings and accuracy improved until by the 10 th repair they were no different from benchmark consultant scores. Conclusion: A simple, procedure specific ex-vivo training model has been evaluated for laparoscopic hernia training in paediatric surgery. The results suggest improvements in competence with repetition. Trainee and benchmark consultant scores are no different by the 10 th trainee attempt. We conclude that this model may have a valuable role in the training and assessment of future paediatric surgeons.

Genetic evidence for a novel competence inhibitor in the industrially important Bacillus licheniformis.

Science.gov (United States)

Muth, Christine; Buchholz, Meike; Schmidt, Christina; Volland, Sonja; Meinhardt, Friedhelm

2017-12-01

Natural genetic competence renders bacteria able to take up and, in case there is sufficient homology to the recipient's chromosome, integrate exogenously supplied DNA. Well studied in Bacillus subtilis, genetic competence is-in several aspects-known to be differently regulated in Bacillus licheniformis. We now report on the identification of a novel, chromosomally encoded homolog of a competence inhibitor in B. licheniformis (ComI) that has hitherto only been described as a plasmid borne trait in the ancestral B. subtilis NCIB3610. Bioinformatical analysis that included 80 Bacillus strains covering 20 different species revealed a ComI encoding gene in all of the examined B. licheniformis representatives, and was identified in few among the other species investigated. The predicted ComI of B. licheniformis is a highly conserved peptide consisting of 28 amino acids. Since deletion of comI in B. licheniformis DSM13 resulted in twofold increased transformation efficiency by genetic competence and overexpression resulted in threefold decreased transformability, the function as a competence inhibitor became evident.

Fanconi anemia (cross)linked to DNA repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Niedernhofer, Laura J; Lalai, Astrid S; Hoeijmakers, Jan H J

2005-12-29

Fanconi anemia is characterized by hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and susceptibility to tumor formation. Despite the identification of numerous Fanconi anemia (FANC) genes, the mechanism by which proteins encoded by these genes protect a cell from DNA interstrand crosslinks remains unclear. The recent discovery of two DNA helicases that, when defective, cause Fanconi anemia tips the balance in favor of the direct involvement of the FANC proteins in DNA repair and the bypass of DNA lesions.

An in vitro study of the effect of design of repair surface on the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2013-03-23

Mar 23, 2013 ... if all other criteria are met such as good aesthetics, occlusion, and functionality; denture repair is acceptable. Once denture fractures, we ... Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different repair surface design on the transverse strength of repaired ... Website: www.njcponline.com.

Characterization of competence and biofilm development of a Streptococcus sanguinis endocarditis isolate.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, L; Zhang, Y; Fan, J; Herzberg, M C; Kreth, J

2011-04-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium and endogenous pathogen in the blood, which is generally naturally competent to take up extracellular DNA. Regarded as a stress response, competence development enables S. sanguinis to acquire new genetic material. The sequenced reference strain SK36 encodes and expresses the genes required for competence (com) and uptake of DNA. Isolated from blood cultures of a confirmed case of infective endocarditis, strain 133-79 encodes all necessary com genes but is not transformable under conditions permissive for competence development in SK36. Using synthetic competence-stimulating peptides (sCSP) based on sequences of SK36 and 133-79 comC, both strains developed competence at similar frequencies in cross-transformation experiments. Furthermore, downstream response pathways are similar in strains SK36 and 133-79 because platelet aggregation and biofilm formation appeared unaffected by CSP. Collectively, the data indicate that strains SK36 and 133-79 respond to CSP similarly, strongly suggesting that endogenous production or release of CSP from 133-79 is impaired. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Characterization of competence and biofilm development of a Streptocccus sanguinis endocarditis isolate

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Lin; Zhang, Yongshu; Fan, Jingyuan; Herzberg, Mark C.; Kreth, Jens

2010-01-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium and endogenous pathogen in the blood, which generally is naturally competent to take up extracellular DNA. Regarded as a stress response, competence development enables S. sanguinis to acquire new genetic material. The sequenced reference strain SK36 encodes and expresses the genes required for competence (com) and uptake of DNA. Isolated from blood cultures of a confirmed case of infective endocarditis, strain 133–79 encodes all necessary com genes but is not transformable under conditions permissive for competence development in SK36. Using synthetic competence-stimulating peptides (sCSP) based on sequences of SK36 and 133–79 comC, both strains developed competence at similar frequencies in cross-transformation experiments. Furthermore, downstream response pathways are similar in strains SK36 and 133–79 since platelet aggregation and biofilm formation appeared unaffected by CSP. Collectively, the data indicate that strains SK36 and 133–79 respond to CSP similarly, strongly suggesting that endogenous production or release of CSP from 133–79 is impaired. PMID:21375702

O significado e medida da competência moral revisitada: um modelo do duplo aspecto da competência moral The meaning and measurement of moral competence revisited: a dual-aspect model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georg Lind

2000-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo enfoca as questões metodológicas envolvidas na mensuração da competência moral, conforme definida por Lawrence Kohlberg. Compara o Moral Judgment Test (MJT com a entrevista de juízo moral elaborada por Kohlberg (MJI - Moral Judgment Interview e com o DIT (Defining Issues Test de James Rest. Os aspectos cognitivo e afetivo são contemplados no MJT de forma a não se confundirem, o que possibilita sua utilização na avaliação de processos de intervenção. Nestas situações pode-se verificar com maior clareza, através do MJT se as mudanças alcançadas referem-se a atitudes ou de fato ao aspecto da competência moral. O papel dos processos educacionais nas famílias, escolas e universidades é valorizado no desenvolvimento da competência moral.This paper focused on the methodological aspects related to the measurement of the moral-competence concept as defined by Lawrence Kohlberg. The Moral Judgment Test (MJT was compared to the Kohlberg’s Moral Judgment Interview (MJI and Rest’s Defining Issues Test (DIT. The cognitive and affective aspects are contemplated in the MJT in such a way that they are not confounded. This procedure allows their use in the assessment of outcomes in the intervention processes. In these situations, it can be verified more clearly through MJT if the changes obtained refer to attitudes or indeed to the moral-competence aspect. Educational processes in families, schools, and universities are valued in the development of moral competence.

Habilidades e competências do controller: um estudo com alunos de cursos de pós-graduação em controladoria = Abilities and Competences of the Controller: a study with students who are attending postgraduation courses with emphasis in controlling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaqueline Gomes Rodrigues de Araújo

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais habilidades e competências são desenvolvidas em cursos de pós-graduação (lato senso com ênfase em controladoria, que estão relacionadas com o perfil contemplado na literatura para o profissional controller. A pesquisa tem como base teórica os estudos desenvolvidos por Baruch e Peiperl (2000, Baruch e Lemming (2001 e Baruch et al. (2003, acerca das competências e habilidades desenvolvidas a partir de cursos de pós-graduação (Master of Business Administration – MBA. Quanto às competências específicas do controller, a investigação se fundamentou em estudos desenvolvidos por Kester (1928, Moseley e Henning (1970, Martin (2002, Anthony; Govindarajan (2002; Horngren; Sundem e Stratton (2004. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado com estudantes de cursos pós-graduação na cidade de João Pessoa/PB. O estudo indica quais competências foram notadas como mais desenvolvidas, dentre as quais se destacam: habilidades financeiras, de avaliação econômica, habilidades associadas à contabilidade e planejamento estratégico. Os resultados contribuem para fortalecer o pensamento de que um curso de pós-graduação pode adicionar valor aos graduados, tornando-os mais preparados para as demandas do mercado. The main objective of this study was to identify which abilities and competences are developed in post-graduation (sense courses with emphasis in controlling, which are related to the profile contemplated in the literature for the professional controller. The research is based on theoretical studies developed by Baruch and Peiperl (2000, Baruch and Lemming (2001 and Baruch et al (2003, about the skills and abilities developed from graduate courses (Master of Business Administration - MBA. As the specific skills of the controller, the research was based on studies conducted by Kester (1928

Mediator MED23 Links Pigmentation and DNA Repair through the Transcription Factor MITF.

Science.gov (United States)

Xia, Min; Chen, Kun; Yao, Xiao; Xu, Yichi; Yao, Jiaying; Yan, Jun; Shao, Zhen; Wang, Gang

2017-08-22

DNA repair is related to many physiological and pathological processes, including pigmentation. Little is known about the role of the transcriptional cofactor Mediator complex in DNA repair and pigmentation. Here, we demonstrate that Mediator MED23 plays an important role in coupling UV-induced DNA repair to pigmentation. The loss of Med23 specifically impairs the pigmentation process in melanocyte-lineage cells and in zebrafish. Med23 deficiency leads to enhanced nucleotide excision repair (NER) and less DNA damage following UV radiation because of the enhanced expression and recruitment of NER factors to chromatin for genomic stability. Integrative analyses of melanoma cells reveal that MED23 controls the expression of a melanocyte master regulator, Mitf, by modulating its distal enhancer activity, leading to opposing effects on pigmentation and DNA repair. Collectively, the Mediator MED23/MITF axis connects DNA repair to pigmentation, thus providing molecular insights into the DNA damage response and skin-related diseases. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Functional analysis of the ComK protein of Bacillus coagulans.

Science.gov (United States)

Kovács, Ákos T; Eckhardt, Tom H; van Hartskamp, Mariska; van Kranenburg, Richard; Kuipers, Oscar P

2013-01-01

The genes for DNA uptake and recombination in Bacilli are commonly regulated by the transcriptional factor ComK. We have identified a ComK homologue in Bacillus coagulans, an industrial relevant organism that is recalcitrant for transformation. Introduction of B. coagulans comK gene under its own promoter region into Bacillus subtilis comK strain results in low transcriptional induction of the late competence gene comGA, but lacking bistable expression. The promoter regions of B. coagulans comK and the comGA genes are recognized in B. subtilis and expression from these promoters is activated by B. subtilis ComK. Purified ComK protein of B. coagulans showed DNA-binding ability in gel retardation assays with B. subtilis- and B. coagulans-derived probes. These experiments suggest that the function of B. coagulans ComK is similar to that of ComK of B. subtilis. When its own comK is overexpressed in B. coagulans the comGA gene expression increases 40-fold, while the expression of another late competence gene, comC is not elevated and no reproducible DNA-uptake could be observed under these conditions. Our results demonstrate that B. coagulans ComK can recognize several B.subtilis comK-responsive elements, and vice versa, but indicate that the activation of the transcription of complete sets of genes coding for a putative DNA uptake apparatus in B. coagulans might differ from that of B. subtilis.

Functional analysis of the ComK protein of Bacillus coagulans.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ákos T Kovács

Full Text Available The genes for DNA uptake and recombination in Bacilli are commonly regulated by the transcriptional factor ComK. We have identified a ComK homologue in Bacillus coagulans, an industrial relevant organism that is recalcitrant for transformation. Introduction of B. coagulans comK gene under its own promoter region into Bacillus subtilis comK strain results in low transcriptional induction of the late competence gene comGA, but lacking bistable expression. The promoter regions of B. coagulans comK and the comGA genes are recognized in B. subtilis and expression from these promoters is activated by B. subtilis ComK. Purified ComK protein of B. coagulans showed DNA-binding ability in gel retardation assays with B. subtilis- and B. coagulans-derived probes. These experiments suggest that the function of B. coagulans ComK is similar to that of ComK of B. subtilis. When its own comK is overexpressed in B. coagulans the comGA gene expression increases 40-fold, while the expression of another late competence gene, comC is not elevated and no reproducible DNA-uptake could be observed under these conditions. Our results demonstrate that B. coagulans ComK can recognize several B.subtilis comK-responsive elements, and vice versa, but indicate that the activation of the transcription of complete sets of genes coding for a putative DNA uptake apparatus in B. coagulans might differ from that of B. subtilis.

COMPETÊNCIA INFORMACIONAL: ESTUDO COM ALUNOS DE CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gleice Maria Silva Xavier

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Em sintonia com os fundamentos desenvolvidos por estudiosos do tema competência, a presente pesquisa corrobora com o pensamento de que a capacidade para lidar com os produtos informacionais, passa a integrar o conjunto de competências profissionais necessárias para que o Administrador esteja preparado para atuar de forma estratégica nessa desafiadora realidade. Assim, analisar a percepção de concluintes de um curso de Administração de IES privada da cidade de Salvador, quanto ao seu nível de competência informacional, configura-se o principal objetivo deste artigo. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, assumindo também características de estudo de caso. Os principais resultados demonstram que das nove categorias analisadas, a média mais alta foi da categoria utilizar e mais baixa foi referente a categoria organizar. Conclui-se que o nível de competência informacional se enquadrou entre os estágios competente e proficiente, com base no modelo Seven Pillars desenvolvido pela Society of College, National and University Libraries - SONUL.

MreB-Dependent Inhibition of Cell Elongation during the Escape from Competence in Bacillus subtilis.

Science.gov (United States)

Mirouze, Nicolas; Ferret, Cécile; Yao, Zhizhong; Chastanet, Arnaud; Carballido-López, Rut

2015-06-01

During bacterial exponential growth, the morphogenetic actin-like MreB proteins form membrane-associated assemblies that move processively following trajectories perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Such MreB structures are thought to scaffold and restrict the movement of peptidoglycan synthesizing machineries, thereby coordinating sidewall elongation. In Bacillus subtilis, this function is performed by the redundant action of three MreB isoforms, namely MreB, Mbl and MreBH. mreB and mbl are highly transcribed from vegetative promoters. We have found that their expression is maximal at the end of exponential phase, and rapidly decreases to a low basal level upon entering stationary phase. However, in cells developing genetic competence, a stationary phase physiological adaptation, expression of mreB was specifically reactivated by the central competence regulator ComK. In competent cells, MreB was found in complex with several competence proteins by in vitro pull-down assays. In addition, it co-localized with the polar clusters formed by the late competence peripheral protein ComGA, in a ComGA-dependent manner. ComGA has been shown to be essential for the inhibition of cell elongation characteristic of cells escaping the competence state. We show here that the pathway controlling this elongation inhibition also involves MreB. Our findings suggest that ComGA sequesters MreB to prevent cell elongation and therefore the escape from competence.

Cockayne syndrome: defective repair of transcription?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A.J. van Gool (Alain); G.T.J. van der Horst (Gijsbertus); E. Citterio (Elisabetta); J.H.J. Hoeijmakers (Jan)

1997-01-01

textabstractIn the past years, it has become increasingly evident that basal metabolic processes within the cell are intimately linked and influenced by one another. One such link that recently has attracted much attention is the close interplay between nucleotide excision DNA repair and

Linking Project-Based Interdisciplinary Learning and Recommended Professional Competencies with Business Management, Digital Media, Distance Learning, Engineering Technology, and English

Science.gov (United States)

Bender, Melinda; Fulwider, Miles; Stemkoski, Michael J.

2008-01-01

This paper encourages the investigation of real world problems by students and faculty and links recommended student competencies with project based learning. In addition to the traditional course objectives, project-based learning (PBL) uses real world problems for classroom instruction and fieldwork to connect students, instructors, and industry…

Linking the Prevention of Problem Behaviors and Positive Youth Development: Core Competencies for Positive Youth Development and Risk Prevention

Science.gov (United States)

Guerra, Nancy G.; Bradshaw, Catherine P.

2008-01-01

In this chapter, we present a brief review of the developmental literature linking healthy adjustment to five core competencies: (1) positive sense of self, (2) self-control, (3) decision-making skills, (4) a moral system of belief, and (5) prosocial connectedness. A central premise of this chapter and the rest of the volume is that promoting…

Repair of furocoumarin adducts in mammalian cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zolan, M.E.; Smith, C.A.; Hanawalt, P.C.

1984-01-01

DNA repair was studied in cultured mammalian cells treated with the furocoumarins 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), aminomethyl trioxsalen, or angelicin and irradiated with near UV light. The amount of DNA cross-linked by 8-MOP in normal human cells decreased by about one-half in 24 hours after treatment; no decrease was observed in xeroderma pigmentosum cells, group A. At present, it is not known to what extent this decrease represents complete repair events at the sites of cross-links. Furocoumarin adducts elicited excision repair in normal human and monkey cells but not in xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells. This excision repair resembled in several aspects that elicited by pyrimidine dimers, formed in DNA by irradiation with 254-nm UV light; however, it appeared that for at least 8-MOP and aminomethyl trioxsalen, removal of adducts was not as efficient as was the removal of pyrimidine dimers. A comparison was also made of repair in the 172-base-pair repetitive alpha-DNA component of monkey cells to repair in the bulk of the genome. Although repair elicited by pyrimidine dimers in alpha-DNA was the same as in the bulk DNA, that following treatment of cells with either aminomethyl trioxsalen or angelicin and near UV was markedly deficient in alpha-DNA. This deficiency reflected the removal of fewer adducts from alpha-DNA after the same initial adduct frequencies. These results could mean that each furocoumarin may produce several structurally distinct adducts to DNA in cells and that the capacity of cellular repair systems to remove these various adducts may vary greatly

Functional Analysis of the ComK Protein of Bacillus coagulans

OpenAIRE

Kovacs, Akos; Eckhardt, Thomas; van Kranenburg, Richard; Kuipers, Oscar

2013-01-01

The genes for DNA uptake and recombination in Bacilli are commonly regulated by the transcriptional factor ComK. We have identified a ComK homologue in Bacillus coagulans, an industrial relevant organism that is recalcitrant for transformation. Introduction of B. coagulans comK gene under its own promoter region into Bacillus subtilis comK strain results in low transcriptional induction of the late competence gene comGA, but lacking bistable expression. The promoter regions of B. coagulans co...

Competência informacional e dimensões da competência do bibliotecário no contexto escolar

OpenAIRE

Farias,Christianne Martins; Vitorino,Elizete Vieira

2009-01-01

A Sociedade da Informação transformou a atuação de todos os atores sociais nela inseridos e fez surgir novas formas de pensar e de se relacionar com a realidade. Isto tem levado os profissionais de todas as áreas a refletir sobre suas atribuições, habilidades e responsabilidades. Nesse contexto, os bibliotecários escolares começam a repensar suas posturas de atuação profissional, e insere-se a information literacy ou competência informacional. Este artigo busca conceituar competência e compet...

TULIP: A Link-Level Protocol for Improving TCP over Wireless Links

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Parsa, Christina; Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J

1999-01-01

We present the transport unaware link improvement protocol (TULIP), which dramatically improves the performance of TCP over lossy wireless links, without competing with or modifying the transport- or network-layer protocols...

MreB-Dependent Inhibition of Cell Elongation during the Escape from Competence in Bacillus subtilis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Mirouze

2015-06-01

Full Text Available During bacterial exponential growth, the morphogenetic actin-like MreB proteins form membrane-associated assemblies that move processively following trajectories perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Such MreB structures are thought to scaffold and restrict the movement of peptidoglycan synthesizing machineries, thereby coordinating sidewall elongation. In Bacillus subtilis, this function is performed by the redundant action of three MreB isoforms, namely MreB, Mbl and MreBH. mreB and mbl are highly transcribed from vegetative promoters. We have found that their expression is maximal at the end of exponential phase, and rapidly decreases to a low basal level upon entering stationary phase. However, in cells developing genetic competence, a stationary phase physiological adaptation, expression of mreB was specifically reactivated by the central competence regulator ComK. In competent cells, MreB was found in complex with several competence proteins by in vitro pull-down assays. In addition, it co-localized with the polar clusters formed by the late competence peripheral protein ComGA, in a ComGA-dependent manner. ComGA has been shown to be essential for the inhibition of cell elongation characteristic of cells escaping the competence state. We show here that the pathway controlling this elongation inhibition also involves MreB. Our findings suggest that ComGA sequesters MreB to prevent cell elongation and therefore the escape from competence.

Pheromone Recognition and Selectivity by ComR Proteins among Streptococcus Species.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erin Shanker

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Natural transformation, or competence, is an ability inherent to bacteria for the uptake of extracellular DNA. This process is central to bacterial evolution and allows for the rapid acquirement of new traits, such as antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. For the Gram-positive bacteria genus Streptococcus, genes required for competence are under the regulation of quorum sensing (QS mediated by peptide pheromones. One such system, ComRS, consists of a peptide (ComS that is processed (XIP, secreted, and later imported into the cytoplasm, where it binds and activates the transcription factor ComR. ComR then engages in a positive feedback loop for the expression of ComS and the alternative sigma-factor SigX. Although ComRS are present in the majority of Streptococcus species, the sequence of both ComS/XIP and ComR diverge significantly, suggesting a mechanism for species-specific communication. To study possible cross-talk between streptococcal species in the regulation of competence, and to explore in detail the molecular interaction between ComR and XIP we undertook an interdisciplinary approach. We developed a 'test-bed' assay to measure the activity of different ComR proteins in response to cognate and heterologous XIP peptides in vivo, revealing distinct ComR classes of strict, intermediate, and promiscuous specificity among species. We then solved an X-ray crystal structure of ComR from S. suis to further understand the interaction with XIP and to search for structural features in ComR proteins that may explain XIP recognition. Using the structure as a guide, we probed the apo conformation of the XIP-binding pocket by site-directed mutagenesis, both in test-bed cultures and biochemically in vitro. In alignments with ComR proteins from other species, we find that the pocket is lined by a variable and a conserved face, where residues of the conserved face contribute to ligand binding and the variable face discriminate among XIP

Optimizing pressurized contact area in rotator cuff repair: the diamondback repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Burkhart, Stephen S; Denard, Patrick J; Obopilwe, Elifho; Mazzocca, Augustus D

2012-02-01

The purpose of this study was to compare tendon-bone footprint contact area over time under physiologic loads for 4 different rotator cuff repair techniques: single row (SR), triangle double row (DR), chain-link double row (CL), and diamondback double row (DBK). A supraspinatus tear was created in 28 human cadavers. Tears were fixed with 1 of 4 constructs: SR, DR, CL, or DBK. Immediate post-repair measurements of pressurized contact area were taken in neutral rotation and 0° of abduction. After a static tensile load, pressurized contact area was observed over a 160-minute period after repair. Cyclic loading was then performed. The DBK repair had the highest pressurized contact area initially, as well as the highest pressurized contact area and lowest percentage decrease in pressurized contact area after 160 minutes of testing. The DBK repair had significantly larger initial pressurized contact than CL (P = .003) and SR (P = .004) but not DR (P = .06). The DBK technique was the only technique that produced a pressurized contact area that exceeded the native footprint both at initial repair (P = .01) and after 160 minutes of testing (P = .01). DBK had a significantly larger mean pressurized contact area than all the repairs after 160 minutes of testing (P = .01). DBK had a significantly larger post-cyclic loading pressurized contact area than CL (P = .01) and SR (P = .004) but not DR (P = .07). This study showed that a diamondback repair (a modification of the transosseous repair) can significantly increase the rotator cuff pressurized contact area in comparison with other standard rotator cuff repair constructs when there is sufficient tendon mobility to perform a double-row repair without excessive tension on the repair site. The persistent pressurized contact area of a DBK repair may be desirable to enhance healing potential when there is sufficient tendon mobility to perform a double-row repair, particularly for large or massive rotator cuff tears where it is

Memória e Compreensão Verbal em Crianças com Dificuldades Fonológicas

OpenAIRE

Lima, Rosa Maria; Marques, Carla Alexandra

2017-01-01

Objetivo: analisar as características de quinze crianças com dificuldades de linguagem (Grupo Experimental), comparando-as com outras com desenvolvimento linguístico típico (Grupo de Controlo), quanto à produção das consoantes líquidas, relacionando esta produção, com as competências de compreensão e memória auditivas.Resultados: o estudo mostra que as crianças com dificuldade de linguagem incorrem num maior número de processos fonológicos apresentando menores competências nos testes de memór...

Cell sensitivity to irradiation and DNA repair processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozubek, S.; Krasavin, E.A.

1984-01-01

A new model of oxygen effect realisation is proposed for E.coli cells. The model explains differencies in oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) between wild type cells and repair deficient mutants. These differencies are logically linked to corresponding defects in repair systems. A quantitative analysis has been performed. The dependence of OER and cell sensitivity on the properties of cultivation medium is considered, too. Decreasing OER and increasing sensitivity in poor conditions are explained as the consequence of the shift of repair capacity from slow to fast repair system

Competition between replicative and translesion polymerases during homologous recombination repair in Drosophila.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel P Kane

Full Text Available In metazoans, the mechanism by which DNA is synthesized during homologous recombination repair of double-strand breaks is poorly understood. Specifically, the identities of the polymerase(s that carry out repair synthesis and how they are recruited to repair sites are unclear. Here, we have investigated the roles of several different polymerases during homologous recombination repair in Drosophila melanogaster. Using a gap repair assay, we found that homologous recombination is impaired in Drosophila lacking DNA polymerase zeta and, to a lesser extent, polymerase eta. In addition, the Pol32 protein, part of the polymerase delta complex, is needed for repair requiring extensive synthesis. Loss of Rev1, which interacts with multiple translesion polymerases, results in increased synthesis during gap repair. Together, our findings support a model in which translesion polymerases and the polymerase delta complex compete during homologous recombination repair. In addition, they establish Rev1 as a crucial factor that regulates the extent of repair synthesis.

Repair of 8-methoxypsoralen + UVA-induced damage in specific sequences in chromosomal and episomal DNA in human cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dean, S.W.

1989-07-01

A study of the repair of DNA damage in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of SV40-transformed human fibroblasts after treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (8MOP) and UVA is described. 8MOP+UVA-induced cross-links in the dhfr gene were completely repaired by 12 h in one normal and one Fanconi's anaemia (FA) group A cell line. In contrast, approximately 35% of cross-links in an episomally maintained Epstein--Barr virus derived plasmid remained unrepaired even after 48 h. Cross-linkable monoadducts in the dhfr gene were repaired more slowly than cross-links, and there was no detectable repair of cross-linkable monoadducts in the plasmid. Thus the ability of a cell to repair 8MOP+UVA-induced cross-links or cross-linkable monoadducts in an episome does not reflect its capacity to repair such lesions in genomic DNA.

Repair of 8-methoxypsoralen + UVA-induced damage in specific sequences in chromosomal and episomal DNA in human cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dean, S.W.

1989-01-01

A study of the repair of DNA damage in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of SV40-transformed human fibroblasts after treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (8MOP) and UVA is described. 8MOP+UVA-induced cross-links in the dhfr gene were completely repaired by 12 h in one normal and one Fanconi's anaemia (FA) group A cell line. In contrast, ∼35% of cross-links in an episomally maintained Epstein-Barr virus derived plasmid remained unrepaired even after 48 h. Cross-linkable monoadducts in the dhfr gene were repaired more slowly than cross-links, and there was no detectable repair of cross-linkable monoadducts in the plasmid. Thus the ability of a cell to repair 8MOP+UVA-induced cross-links or cross-linkable monoadducts in an episome does not reflect its capacity to repair such lesions in genomic DNA. (author)

SOS response activation and competence development are antagonistic mechanisms in Streptococcus thermophilus.

Science.gov (United States)

Boutry, Céline; Delplace, Brigitte; Clippe, André; Fontaine, Laetitia; Hols, Pascal

2013-02-01

Streptococcus includes species that either contain or lack the LexA-like repressor (HdiR) of the classical SOS response. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, a species which belongs to the latter group, SOS response inducers (e.g., mitomycin C [Mc] and fluoroquinolones) were shown to induce natural transformation, leading to the hypothesis that DNA damage-induced competence could contribute to genomic plasticity and stress resistance. Using reporter strains and microarray experiments, we investigated the impact of the SOS response inducers mitomycin C and norfloxacin and the role of HdiR on competence development in Streptococcus thermophilus. We show that both the addition of SOS response inducers and HdiR inactivation have a dual effect, i.e., induction of the expression of SOS genes and reduction of transformability. Reduction of transformability results from two different mechanisms, since HdiR inactivation has no major effect on the expression of competence (com) genes, while mitomycin C downregulates the expression of early and late com genes in a dose-dependent manner. The downregulation of com genes by mitomycin C was shown to take place at the level of the activation of the ComRS signaling system by an unknown mechanism. Conversely, we show that a ComX-deficient strain is more resistant to mitomycin C and norfloxacin in a viability plate assay, which indicates that competence development negatively affects the resistance of S. thermophilus to DNA-damaging agents. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that SOS response activation and competence development are antagonistic processes in S. thermophilus.

Ability of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts to repair irradiated bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid via acquired and natural enzymatic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasbin, R.E.; Andersen, B.J.; Sutherland, B.M.

1981-01-01

A novel form of enzyme therapy was achieved by utilizing protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis. Photoreactivating enzyme of Escherichia coli was successfully inserted into the protoplasts of B. subtilis treated with polyethylene glycol. This enzyme was used to photoreactivate ultraviolet-damaged bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Furthermore, in polyethylene glycol-treated protoplasts, ultraviolet-irradiated transfecting bacteriophage DNA was shown to be a functional substrate for the host DNA excision repair system. Previous results (R.E. Yasbin, J.D. Fernwalt, and P.I. Fields, J. Bacteriol.; 137: 391-396) showed that ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage DNA could not be repaired via the excision repair system of competent cells. Therefore, the processing of bacteriophage DNA by protoplasts and by competent cells must be different. This sensitive protoplast assay can be used to identify and to isolate various types of DNA repair enzymes

Competências do cuidador informal atribuídas pelos enfermeiros comunitários: um estudo Delphi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Assunção Almeida Nogueira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as competências que um cuidador informal deve possuir para cuidar, em domicílio, de pessoas com dependência. Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, realizado com enfermeiros de Centros de Saúde no Norte de Portugal, que recorreu ao método Delphi, com dois rounds, usando questionários para o efeito. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo no primeiro round de Delphi, confirmando-se uma complexidade de fatores que condicionam as competências dos cuidadores no cuidar de um doente com dependência no domicílio. Com recurso de análise estatística, no segundo round, os indicadores de competências cognitivas, psicomotoras e relacionais obtiveram níveis de concordância excelentes. Foi reconhecida como fundamental a motivação do cuidador informal, considerada o leitmotiv no processo de cuidar. Para além disto, o cuidador necessita de apoio, ensino, treino e encaminhamento para se munir das competências para cuidar de um doente dependente no domicílio, com segurança.

Crystal structure of a Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease homolog bound to 5' flap DNA: basis of interstrand cross-link repair by FAN1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gwon, Gwang Hyeon; Kim, Youngran; Liu, Yaqi; Watson, Adam T.; Jo, Aera; Etheridge, Thomas J.; Yuan, Fenghua; Zhang, Yanbin; Kim, YoungChang; Carr, Anthony M.; Cho, Yunje

2014-10-15

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in any of 15 FA genes responsible for processing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). The ultimate outcome of the FA pathway is resolution of cross-links, which requires structure-selective nucleases. FA-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1) is believed to be recruited to lesions by a monoubiquitinated FANCI–FANCD2 (ID) complex and participates in ICL repair. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FAN1 (PaFAN1) lacking the UBZ (ubiquitin-binding zinc) domain in complex with 5' flap DNA. All four domains of the right-hand-shaped PaFAN1 are involved in DNA recognition, with each domain playing a specific role in bending DNA at the nick. The six-helix bundle that binds the junction connects to the catalytic viral replication and repair (VRR) nuclease (VRR nuc) domain, enabling FAN1 to incise the scissile phosphate a few bases distant from the junction. The six-helix bundle also inhibits the cleavage of intact Holliday junctions. PaFAN1 shares several conserved features with other flap structure-selective nucleases despite structural differences. A clamping motion of the domains around the wedge helix, which acts as a pivot, facilitates nucleolytic cleavage. The PaFAN1 structure provides insights into how archaeal Holliday junction resolvases evolved to incise 5' flap substrates and how FAN1 integrates with the FA complex to participate in ICL repair.

Competências do enfermeiro para o cuidado paliativo na atenção domiciliar

OpenAIRE

Sousa,Janaina Meirelles; Alves,Elioenai Dornelles

2015-01-01

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar competências do enfermeiro para o cuidado paliativo na atenção domiciliar. Métodos: Estudo exploratório que utilizou o método Delphi para identificar o consenso de enfermeiros que atuam na atenção domiciliar para com 43 competências elencadas em um questionário, com inclusão de escala de Likert de cinco pontos. Resultados: Na amostra de 20 enfermeiros, houve consenso para 18 competências gerais e 25 espec...

Towards a Taxonomy for Project Management Competences

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nijhuis, S.A.; Vrijhoef, R.; Kessels, Joseph

2015-01-01

Recent research on project management competences did not use a standard set of competences. Twenty-five publications, published in or after 2000, show little agreement on their competences: of the 353 only twelve percent is named more than once. Of the 353, 31 are linked to communication, but a

Assessment of Competence in EVAR Stent Graft Sizing and Selection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strøm, M; Lönn, L.; Bech, B.

2017-01-01

Objectives and background: The aims of this study were to develop a test of competence in endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) stent graft sizing and selection; to examine the test for evidence of validity; and to explore the experience required for the task. Methods: The test was developed based...... measurements, Mann-Whitney U test could discriminate between experts and novices (p = .002), between experts and intermediates (p = .010), and between novices and intermediates (p = .036). In stent selection the experts performed significantly better than both the novices and the intermediates (p = .002 and p...... of competence in vessel analysis and stent graft selection for endovascular aortic repair. This was supported by strong validity evidence with good internal consistency and discriminatory ability. The tool may be used to facilitate training and certification of future endovascular specialists....

Physiological and molecular characterization of genetic competence in Streptococcus sanguinis

OpenAIRE

Rodriguez, Alejandro Miguel; Callahan, Jill E.; Fawcett, Paul; Ge, Xiuchun; Xu, Ping; Kitten, Todd

2011-01-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is a major component of the oral flora and an important cause of infective endocarditis. Although S. sanguinis is naturally competent, genome sequencing has suggested significant differences in the S. sanguinis competence system relative to those of other streptococci. An S. sanguinis mutant possessing an in-frame deletion in the comC gene, which encodes competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), was created. Addition of synthetic CSP induced competence in this strain. Gene...

Homologous regions of Fen1 and p21Cip1 compete for binding to the same site on PCNA: a potential mechanism to co-ordinate DNA replication and repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Warbrick, E; Lane, D P; Glover, D M; Cox, L S

1997-05-15

Following genomic damage, the cessation of DNA replication is co-ordinated with onset of DNA repair; this co-ordination is essential to avoid mutation and genomic instability. To investigate these phenomena, we have analysed proteins that interact with PCNA, which is required for both DNA replication and repair. One such protein is p21Cip1, which inhibits DNA replication through its interaction with PCNA, while allowing repair to continue. We have identified an interaction between PCNA and the structure specific nuclease, Fen1, which is involved in DNA replication. Deletion analysis suggests that p21Cip1 and Fen1 bind to the same region of PCNA. Within Fen1 and its homologues a small region (10 amino acids) is sufficient for PCNA binding, which contains an 8 amino acid conserved PCNA-binding motif. This motif shares critical residues with the PCNA-binding region of p21Cip1. A PCNA binding peptide from p21Cip1 competes with Fen1 peptides for binding to PCNA, disrupts the Fen1-PCNA complex in replicating cell extracts, and concomitantly inhibits DNA synthesis. Competition between homologous regions of Fen1 and p21Cip1 for binding to the same site on PCNA may provide a mechanism to co-ordinate the functions of PCNA in DNA replication and repair.

Epigenetic changes of DNA repair genes in cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Lahtz, Christoph; Pfeifer, Gerd P

2011-02-01

'Every Hour Hurts, The Last One Kills'. That is an old saying about getting old. Every day, thousands of DNA damaging events take place in each cell of our body, but efficient DNA repair systems have evolved to prevent that. However, our DNA repair system and that of most other organisms are not as perfect as that of Deinococcus radiodurans, for example, which is able to repair massive amounts of DNA damage at one time. In many instances, accumulation of DNA damage has been linked to cancer, and genetic deficiencies in specific DNA repair genes are associated with tumor-prone phenotypes. In addition to mutations, which can be either inherited or somatically acquired, epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes may promote tumorigenesis. This review will summarize current knowledge of the epigenetic inactivation of different DNA repair components in human cancer.

Fanconi anemia (FA) binding protein FAAP20 stabilizes FA complementation group A (FANCA) and participates in interstrand cross-link repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Leung, Justin Wai Chung; Wang, Yucai; Fong, Ka Wing; Huen, Michael Shing Yan; Li, Lei; Chen, Junjie

2012-03-20

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway participates in interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. The FA core complex consists of eight FA proteins and two Fanconi anemia-associated proteins (FAAP24 and FAAP100). The FA core complex has ubiquitin ligase activity responsible for monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) complex, which in turn initiates a cascade of biochemical events that allow processing and removal of cross-linked DNA and thereby promotes cell survival following DNA damage. Here, we report the identification of a unique component of the FA core complex, namely, FAAP20, which contains a RAD18-like ubiquitin-binding zinc-finger domain. Our data suggest that FAAP20 promotes the functional integrity of the FA core complex via its direct interaction with the FA gene product, FANCA. Indeed, somatic knockout cells devoid of FAAP20 displayed the hallmarks of FA cells, including hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, chromosome aberrations, and reduced FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Taking these data together, our study indicates that FAAP20 is an important player involved in the FA pathway.

DNA Damage Induced by Alkylating Agents and Repair Pathways

Science.gov (United States)

Kondo, Natsuko; Takahashi, Akihisa; Ono, Koji; Ohnishi, Takeo

2010-01-01

The cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents are strongly attenuated by cellular DNA repair processes, necessitating a clear understanding of the repair mechanisms. Simple methylating agents form adducts at N- and O-atoms. N-methylations are removed by base excision repair, AlkB homologues, or nucleotide excision repair (NER). O6-methylguanine (MeG), which can eventually become cytotoxic and mutagenic, is repaired by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, and O6MeG:T mispairs are recognized by the mismatch repair system (MMR). MMR cannot repair the O6MeG/T mispairs, which eventually lead to double-strand breaks. Bifunctional alkylating agents form interstrand cross-links (ICLs) which are more complex and highly cytotoxic. ICLs are repaired by complex of NER factors (e.g., endnuclease xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F-excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency complementation group 1), Fanconi anemia repair, and homologous recombination. A detailed understanding of how cells cope with DNA damage caused by alkylating agents is therefore potentially useful in clinical medicine. PMID:21113301

Hypertensive crisis: competencies listed by the nurse to care hospitals in Curitiba-PR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiano Caveião

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: identificar as competências elencadas pelo enfermeiro para o atendimento do paciente com crise hipertensiva e analisar a atuação descrita pelo enfermeiro perante o paciente com crise hipertensiva. Metodologia: estudo do tipo exploratório, com abordagem descritiva e quantitativa, realizado em 3 hospitais da cidade de Curitiba–PR, onde participaram 16 enfermeiros. Resultados: dentre as competências elencadas, destaca-se a tomada de decisão com 81,25%; liderança e educação permanente com 68,75% cada. Todos os enfermeiros priorizaram o atendimento. Frente às ações de intervenções na emergência 93,75%, priorizaram a aferição dos sinais vitais e monitorização cardíaca no atendimento inicial. Conclusão: contribuiu para identificar as competências elencadas para o atendimento de crise hipertensiva. O Enfermeiro possui conhecimentos técnico/científicos para que possam colocar em ação valores, conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessárias para um cuidado dentro dos princípios científicos, éticos e morais.

Mediator links transcription and DNA repair by facilitating Rad2/XPG recruitment.

Science.gov (United States)

Eyboulet, Fanny; Cibot, Camille; Eychenne, Thomas; Neil, Helen; Alibert, Olivier; Werner, Michel; Soutourina, Julie

2013-12-01

Mediator is a large multiprotein complex conserved in all eukaryotes. The crucial function of Mediator in transcription is now largely established. However, we found that this complex also plays an important role by connecting transcription with DNA repair. We identified a functional contact between the Med17 Mediator subunit and Rad2/XPG, the 3' endonuclease involved in nucleotide excision DNA repair. Genome-wide location analyses revealed that Rad2 is associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II)- and Pol III-transcribed genes and telomeric regions in the absence of exogenous genotoxic stress. Rad2 occupancy of Pol II-transcribed genes is transcription-dependent. Genome-wide Rad2 occupancy of class II gene promoters is well correlated with that of Mediator. Furthermore, UV sensitivity of med17 mutants is correlated with reduced Rad2 occupancy of class II genes and concomitant decrease of Mediator interaction with Rad2 protein. Our results suggest that Mediator is involved in DNA repair by facilitating Rad2 recruitment to transcribed genes.

Inducible error-prone repair in B. subtilis. Progress report, September 1, 1979-February 28, 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasbin, R.E.

1980-10-01

The mechanism of activation and the mode of action of the SOS system in Bacillus subtilis are being investigated. Interesting aspects of the SOS system in B. subtilis include: (1) the differences between the SOS functions in this bacterium and in the enteric bacteria; (2) the spontaneous activation of SOS functions in competent cells; and (3) the difficulty in establishing the presence of error-prone repair in this bacterium. In order to characterize the SOS system of B. subtilis, attempts will be made to: (1) isolate bacteria mutated in genes controlling various repair functions; (2) investigate inducible repair; (3) determine the role of endogenous prophages in DNA repair phenomena; and (4) utilize competent B. subtilis as a tester system for the detection of potential carcinogens. Data obtained during the past 18 months demonstrate: (1) the ability of the B. subtilis Comptest to detect potential environmental carcinogens; (2) the importance of DNA polymerase III in W-reactivation in B. subtilis; and (3) the control the bacteriophage SPβ has over the inducible DNA modification system in B. subtilis. Furthermore, the data also suggests the lack of error-prone repair in B. subtilis, and the differences which exist between the Bacilli and the enteric bacteria with regards to SOS phenomena. In order to further characterize inducible repair functions in B. subtilis, results will also be presented on attempts to mobilize error-prone repair systems of other bacterial species

Nrf2 facilitates repair of radiation induced DNA damage through homologous recombination repair pathway in a ROS independent manner in cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jayakumar, Sundarraj; Pal, Debojyoti; Sandur, Santosh K., E-mail: sskumar@barc.gov.in

2015-09-15

Highlights: • Nrf2 inhibition in A549 cells led to attenuated DNA repair and radiosensitization. • Influence of Nrf2 on DNA repair is not linked to its antioxidant function. • Nrf2 influences DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway. • Many genes involved in HR pathway show ARE sequences in their upstream region. - Abstract: Nrf2 is a redox sensitive transcription factor that is involved in the co-ordinated transcription of genes involved in redox homeostasis. But the role of Nrf2 in DNA repair is not investigated in detail. We have employed A549 and MCF7 cells to study the role of Nrf2 on DNA repair by inhibiting Nrf2 using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or by knock down approach prior to radiation exposure (4 Gy). DNA damage and repair analysis was studied by γH2AX foci formation and comet assay. Results suggested that the inhibition of Nrf2 in A549 or MCF7 cells led to significant slowdown in DNA repair as compared to respective radiation controls. The persistence of residual DNA damage even in the presence of free radical scavenger N-acetyl cysteine, suggested that the influence of Nrf2 on DNA repair was not linked to its antioxidant functions. Further, its influence on non-homologous end joining repair pathway was studied by inhibiting both Nrf2 and DNA-PK together. This led to synergistic reduction of survival fraction, indicating that Nrf2 may not be influencing the NHEJ pathway. To investigate the role of homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway, RAD51 foci formation was monitored. There was a significant reduction in the foci formation in cells treated with ATRA or shRNA against Nrf2 as compared to their respective radiation controls. Further, Nrf2 inhibition led to significant reduction in mRNA levels of RAD51. BLAST analysis was also performed on upstream regions of DNA repair genes to identify antioxidant response element and found that many repair genes that are involved in HR pathway may be regulated by Nrf2

Host Competence: An Organismal Trait to Integrate Immunology and Epidemiology.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Lynn B; Burgan, S C; Adelman, James S; Gervasi, Stephanie S

2016-12-01

The new fields of ecological immunology and disease ecology have begun to merge, and the classic fields of immunology and epidemiology are beginning to blend with them. This merger is occurring because the integrative study of host-parasite interactions is providing insights into disease in ways that traditional methods have not. With the advent of new tools, mathematical and technological, we could be on the verge of developing a unified theory of infectious disease, one that supersedes the barriers of jargon and tradition. Here we argue that a cornerstone of any such synthesis will be host competence, the propensity of an individual host to generate new infections in other susceptible hosts. In the last few years, the emergence of systems immunology has led to novel insight into how hosts control or eliminate pathogens. Most such efforts have stopped short of considering transmission and the requisite behaviors of infected individuals that mediate it, and few have explicitly incorporated ecological and evolutionary principles. Ultimately though, we expect that the use of a systems immunology perspective will help link suborganismal processes (i.e., health of hosts and selection on genes) to superorganismal outcomes (i.e., community-level disease dynamics and host-parasite coevolution). Recently, physiological regulatory networks (PRNs) were cast as whole-organism regulatory systems that mediate homeostasis and hence link suborganismal processes with the fitness of individuals. Here, we use the PRN construct to develop a roadmap for studying host competence, taking guidance from systems immunology and evolutionary ecology research. We argue that PRN variation underlies heterogeneity in individual host competence and hence host-parasite dynamics. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Epigenetic changes of DNA repair genes in cancer

OpenAIRE

Lahtz, Christoph; Pfeifer, Gerd P.

2011-01-01

‘Every Hour Hurts, The Last One Kills'. That is an old saying about getting old. Every day, thousands of DNA damaging events take place in each cell of our body, but efficient DNA repair systems have evolved to prevent that. However, our DNA repair system and that of most other organisms are not as perfect as that of Deinococcus radiodurans, for example, which is able to repair massive amounts of DNA damage at one time. In many instances, accumulation of DNA damage has been linked to cancer, ...

Linking social cognition with social interaction: Non-verbal expressivity, social competence and "mentalising" in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lehmkämper Caroline

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD can be distinguished from controls on the basis of their non-verbal expression. For example, patients with SSD use facial expressions less than normals to invite and sustain social interaction. Here, we sought to examine whether non-verbal expressivity in patients corresponds with their impoverished social competence and neurocognition. Method Fifty patients with SSD were videotaped during interviews. Non-verbal expressivity was evaluated using the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (ECSI. Social competence was measured using the Social Behaviour Scale and psychopathology was rated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. Neurocognitive variables included measures of IQ, executive functioning, and two mentalising tasks, which tapped into the ability to appreciate mental states of story characters. Results Non-verbal expressivity was reduced in patients relative to controls. Lack of "prosocial" nonverbal signals was associated with poor social competence and, partially, with impaired understanding of others' minds, but not with non-social cognition or medication. Conclusion This is the first study to link deficits in non-verbal expressivity to levels of social skills and awareness of others' thoughts and intentions in patients with SSD.

Interobserver variability in the evaluation of mismatch repair protein immunostaining

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klarskov, Louise Laurberg; Ladelund, Steen; Holck, Susanne

2010-01-01

Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins has during recent years been established as a routine analysis in many pathology laboratories with the aim to identify tumors linked to the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Despite widespread application, data on reliabi......Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins has during recent years been established as a routine analysis in many pathology laboratories with the aim to identify tumors linked to the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Despite widespread application, data...... on reliability are lacking. We therefore evaluated interobserver variability among 6 pathologists, 3 experienced gastrointestinal pathologists and 3 residents. In total, 225 immunohistochemically stained colorectal cancers were evaluated as having normal, weak, loss of, or nonevaluable mismatch repair protein...... variability was considerable, though experienced pathologists and residents reached the same level of consensus. Because results from immunohistochemical mismatch repair protein stainings are used for decisions on mutation analysis and as an aid in the interpretation of gene variants of unknown significance...

Comparação dos gastos com material para reparação de perfurações de córnea com cola de cianoacrilato e sutura de córnea Comparative cost evaluation in corneal perforation repair with cyanoacrylate adhesive versus corneal suture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emerson Lioji Ueda

2004-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliação comparativa de custos de reparação de pequenas perfurações oculares utilizando a técnica da cola de cianoacrilato Super Bonder® (2-metil-cianoacrilato comparada à técnica de sutura de córnea. MÉTODOS: A fim de avaliar comparativamente os custos do uso da técnica de cola de cianoacrilato com a técnica de sutura de córnea, realizou-se análise dos materiais usados em ambas técnicas. RESULTADOS: A análise de custos comparativos entre o uso da técnica de cola de cianoacrilato em pequenas perfurações, versus a técnica de sutura de córnea demonstrou menor gasto com uso do adesivo. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da técnica de cola de cianoacrilato, para reparação de perfuração de córnea, apresentou custos menores quando comparada com a técnica de sutura de córnea.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was performing a comparative evaluation of cost in small ocular perforation repair using cyanoacrylate adhesive technique Super BonderTM (methyl-2-cyanoacrylate as compared with corneal suture technique. METHODS: In order to compare evaluations of cost a cost analysis in "reais" (R$ was conducted for both techniques according to the materials used in cyanoacrylate glue technique and the corneal suture. RESULTS: The analysis of comparative cost of the cyanoacrylate adhesive technique in small perforations versus corneal suture showed a lower cost of the former. CONCLUSION: Lower cost was found for the cyanoacrylate glue technique for corneal perforation repair when compared to the corneal suture technique.

Genipin-Cross-Linked Chitosan Nerve Conduits Containing TNF-α Inhibitors for Peripheral Nerve Repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Li; Zhao, Weijia; Niu, Changmei; Zhou, Yujie; Shi, Haiyan; Wang, Yalin; Yang, Yumin; Tang, Xin

2018-07-01

Tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) are considered a promising alternative to autologous nerve grafting, which is considered the "gold standard" clinical strategy for peripheral nerve repair. Here, we immobilized tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors onto a nerve conduit, which was introduced into a chitosan (CS) matrix scaffold utilizing genipin (GP) as the crosslinking agent, to fabricate CS-GP-TNF-α inhibitor nerve conduits. The in vitro release kinetics of TNF-α inhibitors from the CS-GP-TNF-α inhibitor nerve conduits were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vivo continuous release profile of the TNF-α inhibitors released from the CS-GP-TNF-α inhibitor nerve conduits was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay over 14 days. We found that the amount of TNF-α inhibitors released decreased with time after the bridging of the sciatic nerve defects in rats. Moreover, 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, histological analyses and functional evaluations were carried out to assess the influence of the TENG on regeneration. Immunochemistry performed 4 weeks after grafting to assess early regeneration outcomes revealed that the TENG strikingly promoted axonal outgrowth. Twelve weeks after grafting, the TENG accelerated myelin sheath formation, as well as functional restoration. In general, the regenerative outcomes following TENG more closely paralleled findings observed with autologous grafting than the use of the CS matrix scaffold. Collectively, our data indicate that the CS-GP-TNF-α inhibitor nerve conduits comprised an elaborate system for sustained release of TNF-α inhibitors in vitro, while studies in vivo demonstrated that the TENG could accelerate regenerating axonal outgrowth and functional restoration. The introduction of CS-GP-TNF-α-inhibitor nerve conduits into a scaffold may contribute to an efficient and adaptive immune microenvironment that can be used to facilitate peripheral nerve repair.

Turbine repair process, repaired coating, and repaired turbine component

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Rupak; Delvaux, John McConnell; Garcia-Crespo, Andres Jose

2015-11-03

A turbine repair process, a repaired coating, and a repaired turbine component are disclosed. The turbine repair process includes providing a turbine component having a higher-pressure region and a lower-pressure region, introducing particles into the higher-pressure region, and at least partially repairing an opening between the higher-pressure region and the lower-pressure region with at least one of the particles to form a repaired turbine component. The repaired coating includes a silicon material, a ceramic matrix composite material, and a repaired region having the silicon material deposited on and surrounded by the ceramic matrix composite material. The repaired turbine component a ceramic matrix composite layer and a repaired region having silicon material deposited on and surrounded by the ceramic matrix composite material.

Component-Level Electronic-Assembly Repair (CLEAR) System Architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Oeftering, Richard C.; Bradish, Martin A.; Juergens, Jeffrey R.; Lewis, Michael J.; Vrnak, Daniel R.

2011-01-01

This document captures the system architecture for a Component-Level Electronic-Assembly Repair (CLEAR) capability needed for electronics maintenance and repair of the Constellation Program (CxP). CLEAR is intended to improve flight system supportability and reduce the mass of spares required to maintain the electronics of human rated spacecraft on long duration missions. By necessity it allows the crew to make repairs that would otherwise be performed by Earth based repair depots. Because of practical knowledge and skill limitations of small spaceflight crews they must be augmented by Earth based support crews and automated repair equipment. This system architecture covers the complete system from ground-user to flight hardware and flight crew and defines an Earth segment and a Space segment. The Earth Segment involves database management, operational planning, and remote equipment programming and validation processes. The Space Segment involves the automated diagnostic, test and repair equipment required for a complete repair process. This document defines three major subsystems including, tele-operations that links the flight hardware to ground support, highly reconfigurable diagnostics and test instruments, and a CLEAR Repair Apparatus that automates the physical repair process.

The Fanconi anaemia components UBE2T and FANCM are functionally linked to nucleotide excision repair.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ian R Kelsall

Full Text Available The many proteins that function in the Fanconi anaemia (FA monoubiquitylation pathway initiate replicative DNA crosslink repair. However, it is not clear whether individual FA genes participate in DNA repair pathways other than homologous recombination and translesion bypass. Here we show that avian DT40 cell knockouts of two integral FA genes--UBE2T and FANCM are unexpectedly sensitive to UV-induced DNA damage. Comprehensive genetic dissection experiments indicate that both of these FA genes collaborate to promote nucleotide excision repair rather than translesion bypass to protect cells form UV genotoxicity. Furthermore, UBE2T deficiency impacts on the efficient removal of the UV-induced photolesion cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer. Therefore, this work reveals that the FA pathway shares two components with nucleotide excision repair, intimating not only crosstalk between the two major repair pathways, but also potentially identifying a UBE2T-mediated ubiquitin-signalling response pathway that contributes to nucleotide excision repair.

Competence and Employment Forum: Linking HRD and HRM

Science.gov (United States)

Siikaniemi, Lena

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find a model for the individual employee, the employer, the supervisors and the personnel at HR to manage organizational and individual changes. The objective of the model is to manage the changes in parallel with the competence (HRD) and employment (HRM) aspects. Design/methodology/approach: The research…

Fanconi anemia (FA) binding protein FAAP20 stabilizes FA complementation group A (FANCA) and participates in interstrand cross-link repair

Science.gov (United States)

Leung, Justin Wai Chung; Wang, Yucai; Fong, Ka Wing; Huen, Michael Shing Yan; Li, Lei; Chen, Junjie

2012-01-01

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway participates in interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. The FA core complex consists of eight FA proteins and two Fanconi anemia-associated proteins (FAAP24 and FAAP100). The FA core complex has ubiquitin ligase activity responsible for monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) complex, which in turn initiates a cascade of biochemical events that allow processing and removal of cross-linked DNA and thereby promotes cell survival following DNA damage. Here, we report the identification of a unique component of the FA core complex, namely, FAAP20, which contains a RAD18-like ubiquitin-binding zinc-finger domain. Our data suggest that FAAP20 promotes the functional integrity of the FA core complex via its direct interaction with the FA gene product, FANCA. Indeed, somatic knockout cells devoid of FAAP20 displayed the hallmarks of FA cells, including hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, chromosome aberrations, and reduced FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Taking these data together, our study indicates that FAAP20 is an important player involved in the FA pathway. PMID:22396592

The ComP-ComA quorum system is essential for "Trojan horse" like pathogenesis in Bacillus nematocida.

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Xidan Deng

Full Text Available Bacillus nematocida B16 has been shown to use "Trojan horse" mechanism in pathogenesis that has characteristics of "social" behavior. The ComP-ComA system, a conserved quorum sensing system in the genus Bacillus, functions in many physiological processes including competence development, lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin production, degradative enzyme production and even some unknown functions. Here we investigated the requirement of ComP-ComA system in B. nematocida B16 for its pathogenicity against nematodes. The ΔcomP mutant displayed deficiencies in attracting and killing nematodes, due to the absence of attractive signal molecules and the decreased expressions of virulence factors, respectively. Contrarily, a complemented comP mutant at least partially resumed its pathogenicity. Our data from transcriptional analysis further confirmed that this signaling system directly or indirectly regulated the expressions of two major virulence proteases in the infection of B. nematocida B16. Bioinformatics analyses from comparative genomics also suggested that the potential target genes of transcription factor ComA were involved in the processes such as the synthesis of attractants, production of extracellular degradative enzymes and sortase, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, regulation of transcription factors, mobility, as well as transporters, most of which were different from a saprophytic relative B. subtilis 168. Therefore, our investigation firstly revealed that the participation and necessity of ComP-ComA signaling system in bacterial pathogenesis.

Competências e Aprendizagem de Empreendedores/ Gestores de Pequenas Empresas no Setor Hoteleiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rivanda Meira Teixeira

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivos identificar as competências percebidas pelos empreendedores e gestores de pequenos negócios hoteleiros como necessárias ao desempenho eficaz dos negócios e as competências desejadas por eles, apontar como os empreendedores/gestores aprendem essas competências, assim como avaliar as instituições que oferecem treinamento a estes empreendedores/ gestores. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas pessoais, baseadas em roteiro de entrevistas estruturado, realizadas com 43 empreendedores/ gerentes de hotéis de pequeno porte, localizados em Curitiba, Paraná. Os resultados do estudo mostram que a maioria dos empreendedores possui outra atividade empresarial e, portanto, grande parcela desses negócios é administrada por gerentes. Com relação às competências técnicas necessárias ao desempenho eficaz dos negócios, os entrevistados destacaram que é muito importante ter conhecimento do ramo de atividade, de técnicas administrativas/ gerenciais e ter visão do negócio. Já com relação às competências comportamentais os entrevistados consideram que é muito importante saber lidar com os funcionários e hóspedes pois essas habilidades são essenciais nos serviços de hotelaria. Os empreendedores preferem aprender através da prática, “fazendo”, mas avaliam de forma positiva as instituições que oferecem treinamento, apesar de considerarem o seu custo alto para a empresa de pequeno porte.

Synergistic regulation of competence development in Bacillus subtilis by two Rap-Phr systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Bongiorni, Cristina; Ishikawa, Shu; Stephenson, Sophie; Ogasawara, Naotake; Perego, Marta

2005-07-01

The 11 Rap proteins of Bacillus subtilis comprise a conserved family of tetratricopeptide (TPR)-containing regulatory proteins. Their activity is inhibited by specific Phr pentapeptides produced from the product of phr genes through an export-import maturation process. We found that one of the proteins, namely RapF, is involved in the regulation of competence to DNA transformation. The ComA response regulator and transcription factor for initiation of competence development is the target of RapF. Specific binding of RapF to the carboxy-terminal DNA-binding domain of ComA inhibits the response regulator's ability to bind its target DNA promoters. The PhrF C-terminal pentapeptide, QRGMI, inhibits RapF activity. The activity of RapF and PhrF in regulating competence development is analogous to the previously described activity of RapC and PhrC (L. J. Core and M. Perego, Mol. Microbiol. 49:1509-1522, 2003). In fact, the RapF and PhrF pair of proteins acts synergistically with RapC and PhrC in the overall regulation of the ComA transcription factor. Since the transcription of the RapC- and RapF-encoding genes is positively regulated by their own target ComA, an autoregulatory circuit must exist for the competence transcription factor in order to modulate its activity.

DNA repair in a Fanconi's anemia fibroblast cell strain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornace, A.J. Jr.; Little, J.B.; Weichselbaum, R.R.

1979-01-01

DNA repair and colony survival were measured in fibroblasts from a patient with Fanconi's anemia, HG 261, and from normal human donors after exposure to these cells to the cross-linking agent mitomycin C, X-rays or ultraviolet light. Survival was similar in HG 261 and normal cells after X-ray or ultraviolet radiation, but was reduced in the Fanconi's anemia cells after treatment with mitomycin C. The level of DNA cross-linking, as measured by the method of alkaline elution, was the same in both cell strains after exposure to various doses of mitomycin C. With incubation after drug treatment, a gradual decrease in the amount of cross-linking was observed, the rate of this apparent repair of cross-link damage was the same in both normal and HG 261 cells. The rejoining of DNA single strand breaks after X-irradiation and the production of excision breaks after ultraviolet radiation were also normal in HG 261 cells as determined by alkaline elution. (Auth.)

DNA repair in a Fanconi's anemia fibroblast cell strain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fornace, Jr, A J; Little, J B [Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (USA); Weichselbaum, R R [Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)

1979-01-26

DNA repair and colony survival were measured in fibroblasts from a patient with Fanconi's anemia, HG 261, and from normal human donors after exposure to these cells to the cross-linking agent mitomycin C, X-rays or ultraviolet light. Survival was similar in HG 261 and normal cells after X-ray or ultraviolet radiation, but was reduced in the Fanconi's anemia cells after treatment with mitomycin C. The level of DNA cross-linking, as measured by the method of alkaline elution, was the same in both cell strains after exposure to various doses of mitomycin C. With incubation after drug treatment, a gradual decrease in the amount of cross-linking was observed, the rate of this apparent repair of cross-link damage was the same in both normal and HG 261 cells. The rejoining of DNA single strand breaks after X-irradiation and the production of excision breaks after ultraviolet radiation were also normal in HG 261 cells as determined by alkaline elution.

Capacitação de pais com filhos com deficiência

OpenAIRE

Dias, Sandra Cristina Camisão; Pimentel, Júlia van Zeller de Serpa

2015-01-01

O modelo de 3.ª geração de Dunst (2000) valoriza o papel dos pais no desenvolvimento social, cognitivo e emocional dos filhos, que se reflete no bem-estar da família (Cruz & Ducharne, 2006). Estando as famílias que têm filhos com deficiência sujeitas a elevado stresse, importa promover a sua competência a fim de conseguirem interpretar as suas necessidades e mobilizar os recursos formais e informais necessários para as satisfazer. Baumrind (1991) comprovou empiricamente a in...

Protracted radiation-induced alterations in hematopoietic repair and recovery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seed, T.M.; Fritz, T.E.

1997-01-01

Pathologic predisposition of beagle dogs under chronic, low daily dose (7.5 cGy day -1 ) whole-body gamma irradiation has been studied relative to molecular repair and hematopoietic competency. Molecular repair, assessed by a microscopy-based unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) response, was measured within proliferative and nonproliferative marrow myeloid elements of dogs with markedly different hematopoietic capacities (low capacity, aplasia-prone [AA + ] versus high capacity, myeloproliferative disease-prone [MPD + ]) under protracted radiation stress. Results indicated that protracted exposure elicited a net increase in UDS-repair capacity that was largely independent of exposure duration. This enhanced capacity resulted from the increased strength of the UDS signal together with an expanded number of positively responding cells. The combined response was strong in primitive blasts and weak in more differentiated myelocytic cells. The UDS repair response of the MPD + dogs was significantly greater than that of the AA + animals and was clearly modified relative to the controls. These results suggest that both resiliency and pathologic potential of the hematopoietic system under protracted radiation stress is, in part, associated with an augmentable DNA repair within the more primitive myeloid marrow elements. (author)

Frequent mismatch-repair defects link prostate cancer to Lynch syndrome

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dominguez-Valentin, Mev; Joost, Patrick; Therkildsen, Christina

2016-01-01

were high-grade tumors with Gleason scores 8-10. Prostate cancer was associated with mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 with loss of the respective mismatch repair protein in 69 % of the tumors, though a MSI-high phenotype was restricted to 13 % of the tumors. The cumulative risk of prostate cancer...

The competence transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis recognizes short A/T-rich sequences arranged in a unique, flexible pattern along the DNA helix

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hamoen, LW; Van Werkhoven, AF; Bijlsma, JJE; Dubnau, D; Venema, G

1998-01-01

The development of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a complex signal transduction cascade, which leads to the synthesis of the competence transcription factor (CTF). Previous studies suggested that CTF is encoded by comK. ComK is required for the transcription of comK itself,

Human inherited diseases with altered mechanisms for DNA repair and mutagenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cleaver, J.E.

1977-01-01

A variety of human diseases involving clinical symptoms of increased cancer risk, and disorders of the central nervous system, and of hematopoietic, immunological, ocular, and cutaneous tissues and embryological development have defects in biochemical pathways for excision repair of damaged DNA. Excision repair has multiple branches by which damaged nucleotides, bases, and cross-links are excised and requires cofactors that control the access of repair enzymes to damage in DNA in chromatin. Diseases in which repair defects are a consistent feature of their biochemistry include xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia.

The issue of the technical competence for the social worker A questão da competência técnica para o assistente social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jolinda de Moraes Alves

1992-08-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the social work "professional competence'", emphasizing its technical and political dimension. Concerning to the social role and the professionals insertion on the social-technical division of labor, situated on the services section of the current monopolist stage oh capitalism; the established knowledge of the social work within the welfare organizations, beginning with the attributions. instruments and techniques; the contradiction of a profession witch has employment links with organisms created by the State and by the Capital, but should give services lo subalternized users and the actual meeting of the social demand put in by the users and the issue of the professional obligation with the rupture of their condition ofpoverty and subordination. Este artigo trabalha a "competência profissional" do assistente social, enfatizando suas dimensões técnica e política. Para tanto contempla: o papel e a inserção da profissão na divisão sócio-técnico do trabalho, localizada no setor de serviços do atual estágio monopolista do capitalismo; o saber instituído do assistente social no interior das instituições de bem estar social a partir das suas atribuições, instrumentos e técnicas; a contradição de uma profissão que tem vínculos empregatícios com organismos criados pelo Estado e pelo Capital, mas que deve prestar serviços a usuários subalternizados; e o efetivo compromisso com o atendimento à demanda social colocada pelo usuário institucional.

Functional Management Competence and Growth of Young Technology-Based Firms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Salomo, Søren; Brinckmann, Jan; Talke, Katrin

2008-01-01

. While technology management competence is positively driving development speed, the marketing management competence impact on speed is mediated by competitive advantage of the new products developed by young technology-based firms. Financial management competence has no significant link to firm...

DNA repair and radiation sensitivity in mammalian cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, D.J.C.; Stackhouse, M.; Chen, D.S.

1993-01-01

Ionizing radiation induces various types of damage in mammalian cells including DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), DNA-protein cross links, and altered DNA bases. Although human cells can repair many of these lesions there is little detailed knowledge of the nature of the genes and the encoded enzymes that control these repair processes. We report here on the cellular and genetic analyses of DNA double-strand break repair deficient mammalian cells. It has been well established that the DNA double-strand break is one of the major lesions induced by ionizing radiation. Utilizing rodent repair-deficient mutant, we have shown that the genes responsible for DNA double-strand break repair are also responsible for the cellular expression of radiation sensitivity. The molecular genetic analysis of DSB repair in rodent/human hybrid cells indicate that at least 6 different genes in mammalian cells are responsible for the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Mapping and the prospect of cloning of human radiation repair genes are reviewed. Understanding the molecular and genetic basis of radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in man will provide a rational foundation to predict the individual risk associated with radiation exposure and to prevent radiation-induced genetic damage in the human population

DNA repair in B. subtilis: an inducible dimer-specific W-reactivation system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fields, P.I.; Yasbin, R.E.

1982-01-01

The W-reactivation system of Bacillus subtilis can repair pyrimidine dimers in bacteriophage DNA. This inducible repair system can be activated by treatment of the bacteria with uv, alkylating agents, cross-linking agents and gamma irradiation. However, bacteriophage treated with agents other than those that cause pyrimidine dimers to be produced was not repaired by this unique form of W-reactivation. In contrast, the W-reactivation system of Escherichia coli can repair a variety of damages placed in the bacteriophage DNA

As crianças e as competências adquiridas através dos jogos digitais

OpenAIRE

Mourato, Ana Sofia Coelho

2014-01-01

Mestrado em Comunicação, Cultura e Tecnologias da Informação Os novos processos de socialização desenvolvidos com base na realidade da sociedade em rede permitem a aquisição de novas formas de literacia. Através dos jogos digitais as crianças experimentam, com base na distinção do género, o contacto com diferentes realidades e desenvolvem novas competências e graus de autonomia para além das competências formais adquiridas na escola. Os novos media, nomeadamente através dos ...

EFL Teachers' Perception of the Concept of Communicative Competence

Science.gov (United States)

Nazari, Ahmad

2007-01-01

This study briefly reviews Chomsky's and Hymes' ideas on competence and links them to Dubin's notions of autonomous and ideological communicative competence. Based on interviews with high school EFL teachers, the study hypothesizes that some of these teachers have an indistinct view about communicative competence that moves between autonomous and…

Repair of DNA damage in Deinococcus radiodurans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evans, D.M.

1984-01-01

The repair of DNA lesions in Deinococcus radiodurans was examined with particular reference to DNA excision repair of ultraviolet light (UV) induced pyrimidine dimers. The characteristics of excision repair via UV endonucleases α and β in vivo varied with respect to (a) the substrate range of the enzymes, (b) the rate of repair of DNA damage (c) the requirement for a protein synthesised in response to DNA damage to attenuate exonuclease action at repairing regions. UV endonuclease α is postulated to incise DNA in a different manner from UV endonuclease β thus defining the method of subsequent repair. Several DNA damage specific endonuclease activities independent of α and β are described. Mutations of the uvsA, uvsF and uvsG genes resulted in an increase in single-strand breaks in response to DNA damage producing uncontrolled DNA degradation. Evidence is presented that these genes have a role in limiting the access of UV endonuclease β to DNA lesions. uvsF and uvsG are also shown to be linked to the mtoA gene. Mutation of uvsH and reo-1 produces further distinct phenotypes which are discussed. An overall model of excision repair of DNA damage in Deinococcus radiodurans is presented. (author)

Bypass of a psoralen DNA interstrand cross-link by DNA polymerases beta, iota, and kappa in vitro

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Leigh A.; Makarova, Alena V.; Samson, Laura; Thiesen, Katherine E.; Dhar, Alok; Bessho, Tadayoshi

2012-01-01

Repair of DNA inter-strand cross-links in mammalian cells involves several biochemically distinctive processes, including the release of one of the cross-linked strands and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). In this report, we investigated in vitro TLS activity of psoralen DNA inter-strand cross-link by three DNA repair polymerases, DNA polymerase beta, kappa and iota. DNA polymerase beta is capable of bypassing a psoralen cross-link with a low efficiency. Cell extracts prepared from DNA polymerase beta knockout mouse embryonic fibroblast showed a reduced bypass activity of the psoralen cross-link and purified DNA polymerase beta restored the bypass activity. In addition, DNA polymerase iota mis-incorporated thymine across the psoralen cross-link and DNA polymerase kappa extended these mis-paired primer ends, suggesting that DNA polymerase iota may serve as an inserter and DNA polymerase kappa may play a role as an extender in the repair of psoralen DNA inter-strand cross-links. The results demonstrated here indicate that multiple DNA polymerases could participate in TLS steps in mammalian DNA inter-strand cross-link repair. PMID:23106263

Conceptualizations of professional competencies in school health promotion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlsson, Monica Susanne

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the conceptualization and discussion of professional competencies needed for supporting the development of the whole-school approach in school health promotion (SHP). Design: The paper is based a conceptual synthesis of literature, guided...... delineates an overall professional competency model for SHP, discusses the specific demands on professional competencies within this field in relation to this model, and addresses three critical gaps in the conceptualizations of competency. Keywords: Professionals, competence, school health promotion Paper...... by a theoretical perspective on health promotion agency and professional competencies to identify core competency domains and elements. This is followed by a discussion of focus, gaps, and links in conceptualizations of competency domains and elements. Findings: The synthesis identifies five core competency...

Conceptualizations of professional competencies in school health promotion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlsson, Monica Susanne

2016-01-01

by a theoretical perspective on health promotion agency and professional competencies to identify core competency domains and elements. This is followed by a discussion of focus, gaps, and links in conceptualizations of competency domains and elements. Findings: The synthesis identifies five core competency...... delineates an overall professional competency model for SHP, discusses the specific demands on professional competencies within this field in relation to this model, and addresses three critical gaps in the conceptualizations of competency. Keywords: Professionals, competence, school health promotion Paper......Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the conceptualization and discussion of professional competencies needed for supporting the development of the whole-school approach in school health promotion (SHP). Design: The paper is based a conceptual synthesis of literature, guided...

Induction and repair of DNA cross-links induced by sulfur mustard in the A-549 cell line followed by a comet assay.

Science.gov (United States)

Jost, Petr; Svobodova, Hana; Stetina, Rudolf

2015-07-25

Sulfur mustard is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent with devastating impact on intoxicated tissues. DNA cross-links are probably the most toxic DNA lesions induced in the cell by sulfur mustard. The comet assay is a very sensitive method for measuring DNA damage. In the present study using the A-549 lung cell line, the comet assay protocol was optimized for indirect detection of DNA cross-links induced by sulfur mustard. The method is based on the additional treatment of the assayed cells containing cross-links with the chemical mutagen, styrene oxide. Alkali-labile adducts of styrene oxide cause DNA breaks leading to the formation of comets. A significant dose-dependent reduction of DNA migration of the comet's tail was found after exposing cells to sulfur mustard, indicative of the amount of sulfur mustard induced cross-links. The remarkable decrease of % tail DNA could be observed as early as 5min following exposure to sulfur mustard and the maximal effect was found after 30min, when DNA migration was reduced to the minimum. Sulfur mustard preincubated in culture medium without cells lost its ability to induce cross-links and had a half-life of about 15min. Pre-incubation longer than 30min does not lead to a significant increase in cross-links when applied to cells. However, the amount of cross-links is decreased during further incubation due to repair. The current modification of the comet assay provides a useful tool for detecting DNA cross-links induced by sulfur mustard and could be used for detection of other DNA cross-linking agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Repair process and a repaired component

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roberts, III, Herbert Chidsey; Simpson, Stanley F.

2018-02-20

Matrix composite component repair processes are disclosed. The matrix composite repair process includes applying a repair material to a matrix composite component, securing the repair material to the matrix composite component with an external securing mechanism and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component during the securing by the external securing mechanism. The matrix composite component is selected from the group consisting of a ceramic matrix composite, a polymer matrix composite, and a metal matrix composite. In another embodiment, the repair process includes applying a partially-cured repair material to a matrix composite component, and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component, an external securing mechanism securing the repair material throughout a curing period, In another embodiment, the external securing mechanism is consumed or decomposed during the repair process.

Employing organizational modeling and simulation of the KC-135 depot's flight controls repair cell

OpenAIRE

Paskin, Matthew A.; Trevino, Alice W.; Ferrer, Geraldo; Dillard, John T.

2008-01-01

Today’s environment of increased operations tempo is stressing the KC- 135 Stratotanker fleet. With an 80-year life span expectancy, effectively maintaining these aircraft is challenging. This research modeled the KC- 135 programmed depot maintenance (PDM) flight controls repair cell to identify improvement opportunities within the repair process. Computational organizational modeling (COM) incorporates the human element along with organizational design theory. By employing ...

Synergistic Regulation of Competence Development in Bacillus subtilis by Two Rap-Phr Systems† ‡

Science.gov (United States)

Bongiorni, Cristina; Ishikawa, Shu; Stephenson, Sophie; Ogasawara, Naotake; Perego, Marta

2005-01-01

The 11 Rap proteins of Bacillus subtilis comprise a conserved family of tetratricopeptide (TPR)-containing regulatory proteins. Their activity is inhibited by specific Phr pentapeptides produced from the product of phr genes through an export-import maturation process. We found that one of the proteins, namely RapF, is involved in the regulation of competence to DNA transformation. The ComA response regulator and transcription factor for initiation of competence development is the target of RapF. Specific binding of RapF to the carboxy-terminal DNA-binding domain of ComA inhibits the response regulator's ability to bind its target DNA promoters. The PhrF C-terminal pentapeptide, QRGMI, inhibits RapF activity. The activity of RapF and PhrF in regulating competence development is analogous to the previously described activity of RapC and PhrC (L. J. Core and M. Perego, Mol. Microbiol. 49:1509-1522, 2003). In fact, the RapF and PhrF pair of proteins acts synergistically with RapC and PhrC in the overall regulation of the ComA transcription factor. Since the transcription of the RapC- and RapF-encoding genes is positively regulated by their own target ComA, an autoregulatory circuit must exist for the competence transcription factor in order to modulate its activity. PMID:15968044

Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation

Science.gov (United States)

Eming, Sabine A.; Martin, Paul; Tomic-Canic, Marjana

2015-01-01

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning tissue repair and its failure to heal are still poorly understood, and current therapies are limited. Poor wound healing after trauma, surgery, acute illness, or chronic disease conditions affects millions of people worldwide each year and is the consequence of poorly regulated elements of the healthy tissue repair response, including inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, and cell recruitment. Failure of one or several of these cellular processes is generally linked to an underlying clinical condition, such as vascular disease, diabetes, or aging, which are all frequently associated with healing pathologies. The search for clinical strategies that might improve the body’s natural repair mechanisms will need to be based on a thorough understanding of the basic biology of repair and regeneration. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in tissue regeneration and repair, and provide some perspectives on how to translate current knowledge into viable clinical approaches for treating patients with wound-healing pathologies. PMID:25473038

PhysLink Physics and Astronomy online education and reference

CERN Document Server

The PhysLink.com is a comprehensive physics and astronomy online education, research and reference web site. In addition to providing high-quality content, PhysLink.com is a meeting place for professionals, students and other curious minds.

Charting a course to competency: an approach to mapping public health core competencies to existing trainings.

Science.gov (United States)

Neiworth, Latrissa L; Allan, Susan; D'Ambrosio, Luann; Coplen-Abrahamson, Marlene

2014-03-01

Consistent with other professional fields, the goals of public health training have moved from a focus on knowledge transfer to the development of skills or competencies. At least six national competency sets have been developed in the past decade pertaining to public health professionals. State and local public health agencies are increasingly using competency sets as frameworks for staff development and assessment. Mapping competencies to training has potential for enhancing the value of public health training during resource-constrained times by directly linking training content to the desired skills. For existing public health trainings, the challenge is how to identify competencies addressed in those courses in a manner that is not burdensome and that produces valid results. This article describes a process for mapping competencies to the learning objectives, assignments, and assessments of existing trainings. The process presented could be used by any training center or organization that seeks to connect public health workforce competencies to previously developed instruction. Public health practice can be strengthened more effectively if trainings can be selected for the desired practice skills or competencies.

ScholarLens: extracting competences from research publications for the automatic generation of semantic user profiles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bahar Sateli

2017-07-01

given user. Competences are derived by text mining the articles, including syntactic, semantic, and LOD entity linking steps. We then populate a knowledge base in RDF format with user profiles containing the extracted competences.We implemented our approach as an open source library and evaluated our system through two user studies, resulting in mean average precision (MAP of up to 95%. As part of the evaluation, we also analyze the impact of semantic zoning of research articles on the accuracy of the resulting profiles. Finally, we demonstrate how these semantic user profiles can be applied in a number of use cases, including article ranking for personalized search and finding scientists competent in a topic —e.g., to find reviewers for a paper. Availability All software and datasets presented in this paper are available under open source licenses in the supplements and documented at http://www.semanticsoftware.info/semantic-user-profiling-peerj-2016-supplements. Additionally, development releases of ScholarLens are available on our GitHub page: https://github.com/SemanticSoftwareLab/ScholarLens.

Effect of cleft palate repair on the susceptibility to contraction-induced injury of single permeabilized muscle fibers from congenitally-clefted goat palates.

Science.gov (United States)

Despite cleft palate repair, velopharyngeal competence is not achieved in ~ 15% of patients, often necessitating secondary surgical correction. Velopharyngeal competence postrepair may require the conversion of levator veli palatini muscle fibers from injury-susceptible type 2 fibers to injury-resi...

New discoveries linking transcription to DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, Susan E; Walker, Graham C

2011-01-01

In Escherichia coli, the transcription elongation factor NusA is associated with all elongating RNA polymerases where it functions in transcription termination and antitermination. Here, we review our recent results implicating NusA in the recruitment of DNA repair and damage tolerance mechanisms to sites of stalled transcription complexes.

Inducible error-prone repair in B. subtilis. Progress report, September 1, 1978-August 31, 1979

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasbin, R.E.

1979-01-01

The mechanism of activation and the mode of action of the SOS system in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is under study. Interesting aspects of the SOS system in B. subtilis are: (1) the differences between SOS functions in this bacterium and in the enteric bacteria; (2) the spontaneous activation of SOS functions in component cells; and (3) the difficulty in obtaining consistent results for mutation studies in this bacterium. In order to characterize the SOS system of B. subtilis, it was proposed to: (1) isolate bacteria mutated in genes controlling various repair function; (2) investigate inducible repair; (3) determine the role of endogeneous Bacillus prophages in SOS functions; and (4) develop a tester system for potential carcinogens from competent Bacillus subtilis cells. Research has been able to: (1) isolate strains of B. subtilis in which the endogeneous prophages have been removed or neutralized; (2) demonstrate the association of one SOS function with prophage SPB; (3) demonstrate that the survival of uv-irradiated B. subtilis is not significantly altered by the removal and neutralization of the endogeneous prophages; (4) develop competant B. subtilis into a tester system; and (5) show that DNA polymerase III is absolutely necessary for W reactivation. In addition, uv and mitomycin C resistant mutants have been isolated and inducible postreplication repair in excision-repair deficient mutants of B. subtilis has been studied. The last two results are somewaht confusing but highly exciting in regards to DNA repair mechanisms in B. subtilis

LINKING PERSONAL COMPETENCIES WITH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE EVIDENCE FROM THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THAILAND

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kedsuda Limsila

2008-06-01

Full Text Available This study explored the linkage between personal competencies and leadership behaviours as well as their influences on leadership outcomes and subordinates’ work performance. Personal competencies were measured using the Project Manager Competency Development (PMCD tool. Leadership behaviours and outcomes were measured using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ. Data was collected from construction projects in Thailand. Findings revealed that leadership outcomes have significant positive relationship with all personal competencies specified in the PMCD framework, every factor in the transformational style and contingent reward factor in the transactional style. Transformational leaders tend to produce high work quality, work quantity, and problem solving creativity from subordinates. Findings further verified that all PMCD personal competencies have significant positive relationship with every factor in the transformational style. It implies that project managers who apply the transformational style and/or have high personal competencies indicated in PMCD framework are likely to generate greater leadership outcomes and work performance on construction projects.

Energy and Technology Review: Unlocking the mysteries of DNA repair

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quirk, W.A.

1993-04-01

DNA, the genetic blueprint, has the remarkable property of encoding its own repair following diverse types of structural damage induced by external agents or normal metabolism. We are studying the interplay of DNA damaging agents, repair genes, and their protein products to decipher the complex biochemical pathways that mediate such repair. Our research focuses on repair processes that correct DNA damage produced by chemical mutagens and radiation, both ionizing and ultraviolet. The most important type of DNA repair in human cells is called excision repair. This multistep process removes damaged or inappropriate pieces of DNA -- often as a string of 29 nucleotides containing the damage -- and replaces them with intact ones. We have isolated, cloned, and mapped several human repair genes associated with the nucleotide excision repair pathway and involved in the repair of DNA damage after exposure to ultraviolet light or mutagens in cooked food. We have shown that a defect in one of these repair genes, ERCC2, is responsible for the repair deficiency in one of the groups of patients with the recessive genetic disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP group D). We are exploring ways to purify sufficient quantities (milligrams) of the protein products of these and other repair genes so that we can understand their functions. Our long-term goals are to link defective repair proteins to human DNA repair disorders that predispose to cancer, and to produce DNA-repair-deficient mice that can serve as models for the human disorders.

Relação entre tamanho e desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais em multinacionais brasileiras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Mendes Borini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo neste artigo é verificar a importância do tamanho da empresa no desenvolvimento de competências. O pressuposto central é que multinacionais brasileiras de pequeno porte precisam desenvolver mais competências organizacionais quando comparadas com multinacionais de grande porte. Os dados decorrem de um survey que obteve a resposta de 92 empresas brasileiras, a saber: 48 multinacionais de grande porte e 44 multinacionais de pequeno porte. Técnicas estatísticas de análise fatorial e modelagem linear generalizada são usadas para verificar a influência do tamanho da multinacional no desenvolvimento de competências. O resultado mostra que multinacionais brasileiras de pequeno porte desenvolvem mais competências no exterior quando comparadas com as grandes empresas. Portanto, ao menos para as multinacionais brasileiras, como representantes das empresas de países emergentes, o tamanho é um aspecto central para explicar as estratégias de desenvolvimento de competências no exterior.

Experimental transapical endoscopic ventricular visualization and mitral repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruttkay, Tamas; Czesla, Markus; Nagy, Henrietta; Götte, Julia; Baksa, Gabor; Patonay, Lajos; Doll, Nicolas; Galajda, Zoltan

2015-04-01

An increasing number of experimental beating heart animal studies describe simple transapical mitral valve repairs based on the direct endoscopic visualization of the left ventricle. The aim of our human cadaveric study was to develop a method for more complex transapical endoscopic procedures by on-pump heart operations. After preparation of 20 human fresh cadavers, a standard left anterolateral minithoracotomy was performed in the fifth intercostal space and the pericardium was entered. A rigid 0 degree endoscope and the instruments were introduced through a silicon apical port. To restore the natural form of the left heart, CO2 was insufflated. To test the mitral valve competence, the left ventricle was pressure-injected with saline after each step. After transecting the chords of the A2 segment of the anterior mitral leaflet before the experimental mitral valve repair, the tendinous chord was replaced using an especially designed clip chord. The second part of the experiment consisted of a segmental excision of the P2 segment of the posterior mitral leaflet followed by a standard valvuloplasty and suture annuloplasty. With the help of the described transapical endoscopic mitral valve repair technique, we gained direct visual information of the coaptation line of the mitral leaflets as well as the anatomy and function of the subvalvular apparatus. Using intracardiac imaging, we could perform successful transapical complex mitral repair in each case. The minimally invasive transapical endoscopic method has the potential to offer advantages for on-pump mitral valve repair procedures even in complex mitral valve repair cases. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Radiation-induced cross-link DNA damages: synthesis, measurement and insertion into oligonucleotides for replication and enzymatic repair studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bellon, Sophie

2003-01-01

This research thesis addresses the synthesis, measurement and study of the biological impact of radio-induced DNA double damages. In the first part, the author reports the study of the reactivity and fate of the 5-(2'-desoxy-uridilyl)methyl radical which is one of the intermediates formed by oxidizing photo-sensitisation of thymine. The next part reports results of the formation and measurement of double damages of isolated and cellular DNA, notably in the case of γ irradiation. The third part reports the study of in vitro replication of one of the double damages. The behaviour of different polymerases with respect to the damage is reported. Finally, the modified oligonucleotide has been used as a substrate to highlight possible activities of enzymatic repair for this type of cross-link damages by purified proteins or proteins present within cellular extracts [fr

Role of percutaneous mitral valve repair in the contemporary management of mitral regurgitation.

Science.gov (United States)

Rana, Bushra S; Calvert, Patrick A; Punjabi, Prakash P; Hildick-Smith, David

2015-10-01

Percutaneous mitral valve (MV) repair has been performed in over 20,000 patients worldwide. As clinical experience in this technique grows indications for its use are being defined. Mitral regurgitation (MR) encompasses a complex heterogeneous group and its treatment is governed by determining a clear understanding of the underlying aetiology. Surgical MV repair remains the gold standard therapy for severe MR. However in select groups of high-risk surgical patients, a percutaneous approach to MV repair is establishing its role. This review gives an overview of the published data in percutaneous MV repair and its impact on the contemporary management of MR. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Polymer nanocomposites for high-temperature composite repair

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheng, Xia [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2008-01-01

A novel repair agent for resin-injection repair of advanced high temperature composites was developed and characterized. The repair agent was based on bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy) and reinforced with alumina nanoparticles. To ensure good dispersion and compatibility with the BECy matrix in nanocomposites, the alumina nanoparticles were functionalized with silanes. The BECy nanocomposites, containing bare and functionalized alumina nanoparticles, were prepared and evaluated for their thermal, mechanical, rheological, and viscoelastic properties. The monomer of BECy has an extremely low viscosity at ambient temperature, which is good for processability. The cured BECy polymer is a highly cross-linked network with excellent thermal mechanical properties, with a high glass transition temperature (T_g) of 270 C and decomposition temperature above 350 C. The incorporation of alumina nanoparticles enhances the mechanical and rheological properties of the BECy nanocomposites. Additionally, the alumina nanoparticles are shown to catalyze the cure of BECy. Characterization of the nanocomposites included dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, rheological and rheokinetic evaluation, and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the BECy nanocomposite is a good candidate as repair agent for resin-injection repair applications.

Geo positioning application in pipeline repair and planning; Planejamento e reparo de dutos com a aplicacao de georreferenciamento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sacramento, J. Paulo; S., Sandra A. Cirilo L. da; Freitas, Fabiano A.S. de [TRANSPETRO - PETROBRAS Transportes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2003-07-01

The application of geo-position in the repair of pipelines, with the integration of GIS (Geographic Information Systems), inertial pig and GPS (Global Position Systems) make a change and advance in the procedures of correlation for the localization of defects informed by inspection pig. With this new procedure, already in application in pipelines of TRANSPETRO, we are getting profits with the planning to the repair services, through the anticipated knowledge of the places of intervention, reduction of the risks exposition hours in the hollowing of ditches and reduction of up to 25% in the cost of the pipeline repair. (author)

Caracterização das estratégias de reparo incomuns utilizadas por um grupo de crianças com desvio fonológico Characterization of uncommon repair strategies used by a group of children with phonological disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabieli Thaís Backes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: caracterizar e analisar o uso das estratégias de reparo incomuns por crianças com desvio fonológico e relacionar a sua utilização com as variáveis faixa etária e sexo; e com as variáveis linguísticas grau do desvio, estrutura silábica, classe de sons e posição na palavra. MÉTODO: os dados são provenientes do banco de dados do Centro de Estudos de Linguagem e Fala da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, todos os sujeitos apresentam Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido autorizando o uso dos dados em pesquisas. Foram selecionados os dados de 178 sujeitos que apresentaram diagnóstico de desvio fonológico e idade entre 4:0-7:11. Foram analisados os resultados da primeira avaliação fonológica da criança. RESULTADOS: houve significância estatística na relação entre a utilização ou não de estratégias de reparo incomuns na amostra estudada, predominando a não utilização. Foi significante a relação entre a utilização de tais estratégias e a faixa etária, com predomínio na faixa de 5:0-5:11, e o grau do desvio, com maior ocorrência no desvio moderadamente-grave. A relação entre as classes de sons também foi significante, predominando a classe das fricativas. Observou-se ocorrência de estratégias de reparo incomuns apenas na posição de onset, sendo a estrutura consoante vogal a única encontrada no estudo. CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se que as estratégias de reparo incomuns são pouco utilizadas por crianças com desvio fonológico. Além disso, encontrou-se relação significante entre a utilização de estratégias de reparo incomuns e as variáveis faixa etária, grau do desvio fonológico e classes de sons.PURPOSE: to verify and identify the use of uncommon repair strategies in children with phonological disorders, relating the use of those to age and gender variables to linguistic variables such as degree of deviation, syllable structure, classification of the sounds and the position of the word

Defining Tobacco Regulatory Science Competencies.

Science.gov (United States)

Wipfli, Heather L; Berman, Micah; Hanson, Kacey; Kelder, Steven; Solis, Amy; Villanti, Andrea C; Ribeiro, Carla M P; Meissner, Helen I; Anderson, Roger

2017-02-01

In 2013, the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration funded a network of 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) with a mission that included research and training. A cross-TCORS Panel was established to define tobacco regulatory science (TRS) competencies to help harmonize and guide their emerging educational programs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Panel's work to develop core TRS domains and competencies. The Panel developed the list of domains and competencies using a semistructured Delphi method divided into four phases occurring between November 2013 and August 2015. The final proposed list included a total of 51 competencies across six core domains and 28 competencies across five specialized domains. There is a need for continued discussion to establish the utility of the proposed set of competencies for emerging TRS curricula and to identify the best strategies for incorporating these competencies into TRS training programs. Given the field's broad multidisciplinary nature, further experience is needed to refine the core domains that should be covered in TRS training programs versus knowledge obtained in more specialized programs. Regulatory science to inform the regulation of tobacco products is an emerging field. The paper provides an initial list of core and specialized domains and competencies to be used in developing curricula for new and emerging training programs aimed at preparing a new cohort of scientists to conduct critical TRS research. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Conceptualizations of professional competencies in school health promotion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlsson, Monica Susanne

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the conceptualization and discussion of professional competencies needed for supporting the development of the whole-school approach in school health promotion (SHP). Design: The paper is based a conceptual synthesis of literature, guided...... by a theoretical perspective on health promotion agency and professional competencies to identify core competency domains and elements. This is followed by a discussion of focus, gaps, and links in conceptualizations of competency domains and elements. Findings: The synthesis identifies five core competency...... domains: 1) policy-development, 2) organizational development, 3) professional development, 4) development of students’ learning, and 5) development of health promotion activities. Three critical gaps in the conceptualizations of competency domains and elements are identified and discussed: 1...

Competência social, inclusão escolar e autismo: um estudo de caso comparativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Síglia Pimentel Höher Camargo

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa analisou o perfil de competência social (CS de uma criança pré-escolar com autismo, na escola comum comparado a uma criança com desenvolvimento típico e investigou a influência do ambiente escolar (sala de aula ou pátio no perfil de CS de ambas. As interações sociais com seus pares foram filmadas, na escola, e a codificação dos vídeos foi realizada por um avaliador independente. Utilizou-se como instrumento a versão adaptada da Escala Q-sort de CS. Os resultados demonstraram que enquanto o perfil de competência social da criança com desenvolvimento típico pouco variou entre os contextos, a criança com autismo demonstrou maior frequência de comportamentos de cooperação e asserção social e menor frequência de agressão e desorganização do self, no pátio.

The Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Replication Stress and DNA Crosslink Repair

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Mathew JK.; Huang, Tony T.

2013-01-01

Interstand crosslinks (ICLs) are DNA lesions where the bases of opposing DNA strands are covalently linked, inhibiting critical cellular processes such as transcription and replication. Chemical agents that generate ICLs cause chromosomal abnormalities including breaks, deletions and rearrangements, making them highly genotoxic compounds. This toxicity has proven useful for chemotherapeutic treatment against a wide variety of cancer types. The majority of our understanding of ICL repair in humans has been uncovered thorough analysis of the rare genetic disorder Fanconi anemia, in which patients are extremely sensitive to crosslinking agents. Here, we discuss recent insights into ICL repair gained through new ICL repair assays and highlight the role of the Fanconi Anemia repair pathway during replication stress. PMID:22744751

SeisComP 3 - Where are we now?

OpenAIRE

Joachim Saul; Jan Becker; Winfried Hanka; Andres Heinloo; Bernd Weber

2010-01-01

The seismological software SeisComP has evolved within the last approximately 10 years from a pure acquisition modules to a fully featured real-time earthquake monitoring software. The now very popular SeedLink protocol for seismic data transmission has been the core of SeisComP from the very beginning. Later additions included simple, purely automatic event detection, location and magnitude determination capabilities. Especially within the development of the 3rd-generation SeisComP, also kno...

Reconhecimento e construção da competência da pessoa com deficiência na organização em debate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danielle Cristine Beltrão

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar experiências de desenvolvimento de competências e reconhecimento profissional da pessoa com deficiência já inserida no contexto organizacional, considerando os principais atores envolvidos nesse processo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado em uma multinacional farmacêutica, sediada no estado de São Paulo, em que se teve por objetivo descrever e discutir as práticas formais de desenvolvimento profissional da pessoa com deficiência (PcD adotadas por essa organização, bem como as experiências informais pelas quais passaram esses indivíduos na empresa em questão. Além disso, buscou-se analisar a articulação entre atores externos que estavam imbricados no processo de inclusão, a saber: o sindicato das indústrias farmacêuticas e uma organização não governamental (ONG especializada em PcDs. Os resultados problematizam a iniciativa de promover um processo de construção e desenvolvimento de competências por meio de experiências formais e informais, e mesmo de autodesenvolvimento, específicas para a PcD. Nesse sentido, a experiência em estudo revelou que nessa iniciativa prevaleceram as premissas acerca das limitações decorrentes das características biológicas dos indivíduos, já que as práticas de desenvolvimento nem sempre trabalharam sobre o potencial desses profissionais, que pouco avançaram, considerando-se as possibilidades que a organização oferece. Outro resultado relevante é que, embora a articulação entre empresa e agentes externos ocorra, não há um diálogo nem uma parceria efetiva que permita fazer avançar o processo de inclusão e de desenvolvimento desse grupo de profissionais. Ao final, procurou-se apresentar ainda elementos que permitam a reflexão sobre a condução de programas organizacionais voltados à PcD e suas implicações, que podem estar a serviço tanto da promoção como da manutenção do status quo da PcD na corporação.

DNA repair by MGMT, but not AAG, causes a threshold in alkylation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Fahrer, Jörg; Frisch, Janina; Nagel, Georg; Kraus, Alexander; Dörsam, Bastian; Thomas, Adam D; Reißig, Sonja; Waisman, Ari; Kaina, Bernd

2015-10-01

Epidemiological studies indicate that N-nitroso compounds (NOC) are causally linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). NOC induce DNA alkylations, including O (6)-methylguanine (O (6)-MeG) and N-methylated purines, which are repaired by O (6)-MeG-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and N-alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase (AAG)-initiated base excision repair, respectively. In view of recent evidence of nonlinear mutagenicity for NOC-like compounds, the question arises as to the existence of threshold doses in CRC formation. Here, we set out to determine the impact of DNA repair on the dose-response of alkylation-induced CRC. DNA repair proficient (WT) and deficient (Mgmt (-/-), Aag (-/-) and Mgmt (-/-)/Aag (-/-)) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate to trigger CRC. Tumors were quantified by non-invasive mini-endoscopy. A non-linear increase in CRC formation was observed in WT and Aag (-/-) mice. In contrast, a linear dose-dependent increase in tumor frequency was found in Mgmt (-/-) and Mgmt (-/-)/Aag (-/-) mice. The data were corroborated by hockey stick modeling, yielding similar carcinogenic thresholds for WT and Aag (-/-) and no threshold for MGMT lacking mice. O (6)-MeG levels and depletion of MGMT correlated well with the observed dose-response in CRC formation. AOM induced dose-dependently DNA double-strand breaks in colon crypts including Lgr5-positive colon stem cells, which coincided with ATR-Chk1-p53 signaling. Intriguingly, Mgmt (-/-) mice displayed significantly enhanced levels of γ-H2AX, suggesting the usefulness of γ-H2AX as an early genotoxicity marker in the colorectum. This study demonstrates for the first time a non-linear dose-response for alkylation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis and reveals DNA repair by MGMT, but not AAG, as a key node in determining a carcinogenic threshold. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Trypan blue to assess Baerveldt tube patency after repair of its obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Grigg, John; Jang, John D W; Fung, Adrian T; Hunyor, Alex P; Wilson, Trevor

2011-12-01

Tubal obstruction is a recognized complication of glaucoma drainage implants. In correcting a blocked tube, the surgeon may be uncertain about shunt competence even after removing the suspected cause of obstruction. We report the use of trypan blue dye to show tubal patency directly after the repair of a blocked Baerveldt tube.

DNA repair-related genes in sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.M.A. Costa

2001-12-01

Full Text Available There is much interest in the identification and characterization of genes involved in DNA repair because of their importance in the maintenance of the genome integrity. The high level of conservation of DNA repair genes means that these genetic elements may be used in phylogenetic studies as a source of information on the genetic origin and evolution of species. The mechanisms by which damaged DNA is repaired are well understood in bacteria, yeast and mammals, but much remains to be learned as regards plants. We identified genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms in sugarcane using a similarity search of the Brazilian Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag (SUCEST database against known sequences deposited in other public databases (National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI database and the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS Arabidopsis thaliana database. This search revealed that most of the various proteins involved in DNA repair in sugarcane are similar to those found in other eukaryotes. However, we also identified certain intriguing features found only in plants, probably due to the independent evolution of this kingdom. The DNA repair mechanisms investigated include photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination repair and DNA lesion tolerance. We report the main differences found in the DNA repair machinery in plant cells as compared to other organisms. These differences point to potentially different strategies plants employ to deal with DNA damage, that deserve further investigation.A identificação e caracterização de genes envolvidos com reparo de DNA são de grande interesse, dada a sua importância na manutenção da integridade genômica. Além disso, a alta conservação dos genes de reparo de DNA faz com que possam ser utilizados como fonte de informação no que diz respeito à origem e evolução das esp

A Quantitative Assessment of the Research Chefs Association Core Competencies for the Practicing Culinologist

Science.gov (United States)

Bissett, Rachel L.; Cheng, Michael S. H.; Brannan, Robert G.

2010-01-01

Professional organizations have linked core competency to professional success and competitive strategy. The Research Chefs Assn. (RCA) recently released 43 core competencies for practicing culinologists. Culinology[R] is a profession that links skills of culinary arts and food science and technology in the development of food products. An online…

Linking public health nursing competencies and service-learning in a global setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Cynthia L

2017-09-01

Nurse educators in baccalaureate programs are charged with addressing student competence in public health nursing practice. These educators are also responsible for creating nursing student opportunities for civic engagement and development of critical thinking skills. The IOM report (2010) on the Future of Nursing emphasizes the nurse educator's role in promoting collaborative partnerships that incorporate interdisciplinary and intraprofessional efforts to promote health. The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative approach to address public health nursing competencies and to improve the health and well-being of indigenous populations in a global setting through promotion of collaboration and service- learning principles. As part of a hybrid elective course, baccalaureate nursing students from various nursing tracks participated in a 2 week immersion experience in Belize that included preimmersion preparation. These students were to collaborate among themselves and with Belizean communities to address identified health knowledge deficits and health-related needs for school-aged children and adult populations. Students successfully collaborated in order to meet health-related needs and to engage in health promotion activities in the Toledo district of Belize. They also gained practice in developing public health nursing competencies for entry-level nursing practice. Implementation of service-learning principles provided students with opportunities for civic engagement and self-reflection. Some challenges existed from the students', faculty, and global community's perspectives. Lack of culturally appropriate and country specific health education materials was difficult for students and the community. Faculty encountered challenges in communicating and collaborating with the Belizean partners. Commonalities exist between entry-level public health nursing competencies and service-learning principles. Using service-learning principles in the development of

Performance-based empathy mediates the influence of working memory on social competence in schizophrenia.

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Smith, Matthew J; Horan, William P; Cobia, Derin J; Karpouzian, Tatiana M; Fox, Jaclyn M; Reilly, James L; Breiter, Hans C

2014-07-01

Empathic deficits have been linked to poor functioning in schizophrenia, but this work is mostly limited to self-report data. This study examined whether performance-based empathy measures account for incremental variance in social competence and social attainment above and beyond self-reported empathy, neurocognition, and clinical symptoms. Given the importance of working memory in theoretical models of empathy and in the prediction of functioning in schizophrenia, we also examined whether empathy mediates the relationship between working memory and functioning. Sixty outpatients and 45 healthy controls were compared on performance-based measures of 3 key components of empathic responding, including facial affect perception, emotional empathy (affective responsiveness), and cognitive empathy (emotional perspective-taking). Participants also completed measures of self-reported empathy, neurocognition, clinical symptoms, and social competence and attainment. Patients demonstrated lower accuracy than controls across the 3 performance-based empathy measures. Among patients, these measures showed minimal relations to self-reported empathy but significantly correlated with working memory and other neurocognitive functions as well as symptom levels. Furthermore, cognitive empathy explained significant incremental variance in social competence (∆R (2) = .07, P working memory and social competence. Performance-based measures of empathy were sensitive to functionally relevant disturbances in schizophrenia. Working memory deficits appear to have an important effect on these disruptions in empathy. Empathy is emerging as a promising new area for social cognitive research and for novel recovery-oriented treatment development. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[Flexibility competencies: emotional organization management].

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Caballero Muñoz, Domingo; Blanco Prieto, Antonio

2007-11-01

The aim of this article is to analyse the transferral of flexibility from contemporary organizations to workers. Through the approach of management by competencies, organizations try to develop in their workers behaviours that are related to efficient job performance. In order to appraise the importance of this approach, we used a critical-rational perspective to discuss the productivity demands that are characteristic of advanced industrial societies. The article shows how the link between workers' flexibility management and their emotional competencies affects their lives, which, like the organizations, should be versatile and adaptable to change.

Competências empreendedoras e processos de aprendizagem empreendedora: modelo conceitual de pesquisa

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Marcia Aparecida Zampier

Full Text Available Ao constatar que os empreendedores são indivíduos com características inovadoras, proativas e com facilidade em identificar novas oportunidades, surge a necessidade de entender como eles desenvolvem tais competências. Visitando a literatura percebe-se que existem evidências da inter-relação entre os processos de desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras e de aprendizagem empreendedora, que os sustentam. Assim, torna-se imprescindível compreender como ocorrem esses processos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é contribuir para o avanço na literatura de empreendedorismo, apresentando um modelo conceitual de pesquisa que integra modelos de competências empreendedoras e de processos de aprendizagem empreendedora. Este artigo, de cunho teórico, resulta de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica e apresenta os resultados obtidos até então, uma vez que pesquisas empíricas para sua validação estão em processo.

The Streptococcus pneumoniae Competence Regulatory System Influences Respiratory Tract Colonization ▿

OpenAIRE

Kowalko, J. E.; Sebert, M. E.

2008-01-01

The Streptococcus pneumoniae ComDE two-component signaling system controls the development of genetic competence in the bacterium and affects virulence in models of pneumonia and bacteremia. We have investigated the impact of the competence pathway during colonization of the nasopharynx, the principal ecological niche of the pneumococcus. Previous work showed that deletion of the pneumococcal CiaRH signaling system inhibited colonization and increased expression of genes required for competen...

Transcriptome analysis documents induced competence of Bacillus subtilis during nitrogen limiting conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jarmer, Hanne Østergaard; Berka, R.; Knudsen, Steen

2002-01-01

DNA microarrays were used to analyze the changes in gene expression in Bacillus subtilis strain 168 when nitrogen limiting (glutamate) and nitrogen excess (ammonium plus glutamate) growth conditions were compared. Among more than 100 genes that were significantly induced during nitrogen starvation...... we detected the comG, comF, comE, nin-nucA and comK transcription units together with recA. DNA was added to B. subtilis grown in minimal medium with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source and it was demonstrated that the cells were competent. Based on these observations we propose a simplification...

DNA excision repair in cell extracts from human cell lines exhibiting hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hansson, J.; Keyse, S.M.; Lindahl, T.; Wood, R.D.

1991-01-01

Whole cell extracts from human lymphoid cell lines can perform in vitro DNA repair synthesis in plasmids damaged by agents including UV or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP). Extracts from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells are defective in repair synthesis. We have now studied in vitro DNA repair synthesis using extracts from lymphoblastoid cell lines representing four human hereditary syndromes with increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Extracts of cell lines from individuals with the sunlight-sensitive disorders dysplastic nevus syndrome or Cockayne's syndrome (complementation groups A and B) showed normal DNA repair synthesis in plasmids with UV photoproducts. This is consistent with in vivo measurements of the overall DNA repair capacity in such cell lines. A number of extracts were prepared from two cell lines representing the variant form of XP (XP-V). Half of the extracts prepared showed normal levels of in vitro DNA repair synthesis in plasmids containing UV lesions, but the remainder of the extracts from the same cell lines showed deficient repair synthesis, suggesting the possibility of an unusually labile excision repair protein in XP-V. Fanconi's anemia (FA) cells show cellular hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents including cis-DDP. Extracts from cell lines belonging to two different complementation groups of FA showed normal DNA repair synthesis in plasmids containing cis-DDP or UV adducts. Thus, there does not appear to be an overall excision repair defect in FA, but the data do not exclude a defect in the repair of interstrand DNA cross-links

Competências Profissionais Essenciais para o Trabalho no Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família

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Helena Eri Shimizu

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as competências essenciais, bem como verificar sua importância e viabilidade para o trabalho nos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (Nasf. Na primeira etapa do estudo, aplicou-se um questionário online via Google Docs para identificar as competências necessárias ao trabalho no Nasf, que foram respondidos por 66 profissionais da área e analisados com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Na segunda etapa, foi utilizado o método Delphi de Políticas em duas rodadas, a primeira com 75 e a segunda com 44 participantes, profissionais dos Nasf. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com escala de tipo Likert de quatro pontos, via online, e analisados pelos índices IQR e De Loe. Os resultados indicaram que as competências são constituídas por oito domínios – organizar o cuidado, trabalhar de modo colaborativo, realizar o diagnóstico da comunidade, planejar as ações da comunidade, desenvolver ações intersetoriais, fortalecer as políticas públicas, desenvolver ações educativas com a equipe, atuar com as diferentes coletividades – e 42 subdomínios. Todavia, existem dificuldades para operacionalizar as competências essenciais, que requerem investimento no desenvolvimento do trabalho interdisciplinar, na construção de um processo de trabalho centrado na corresponsabilização e na gestão integrada do cuidado, bem como na revisão dos processos educativos em saúde.

Developing Intercultural Competence through Global Link Experiences in Physical Education

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Ko, Bomna; Boswell, Boni; Yoon, Seok

2015-01-01

Background: Recognition of the importance of the development of intercultural competence (ICC) has placed intense pressure on teacher education programs to infuse a global perspective into their programs. Several studies have proposed integration of global elements into teacher education programs. Although the use of online tools for…

Analysis of professional competencies for the clinical research data management profession: implications for training and professional certification.

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Zozus, Meredith N; Lazarov, Angel; Smith, Leigh R; Breen, Tim E; Krikorian, Susan L; Zbyszewski, Patrick S; Knoll, Shelly K; Jendrasek, Debra A; Perrin, Derek C; Zambas, Demetris N; Williams, Tremaine B; Pieper, Carl F

2017-07-01

To assess and refine competencies for the clinical research data management profession. Based on prior work developing and maintaining a practice standard and professional certification exam, a survey was administered to a captive group of clinical research data managers to assess professional competencies, types of data managed, types of studies supported, and necessary foundational knowledge. Respondents confirmed a set of 91 professional competencies. As expected, differences were seen in job tasks between early- to mid-career and mid- to late-career practitioners. Respondents indicated growing variability in types of studies for which they managed data and types of data managed. Respondents adapted favorably to the separate articulation of professional competencies vs foundational knowledge. The increases in the types of data managed and variety of research settings in which data are managed indicate a need for formal education in principles and methods that can be applied to different research contexts (ie, formal degree programs supporting the profession), and stronger links with the informatics scientific discipline, clinical research informatics in particular. The results document the scope of the profession and will serve as a foundation for the next revision of the Certified Clinical Data Manager TM exam. A clear articulation of professional competencies and necessary foundational knowledge could inform the content of graduate degree programs or tracks in areas such as clinical research informatics that will develop the current and future clinical research data management workforce. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Gender-Linked Perceptions and Causal Attributions of Female/Male Competencies.

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Major, Harriet; Plake, Barbara S.

Undergraduate students (N=518) rated graduate application materials for males or females applying to traditionally perceived masculine or feminine fields. Independent variables were rater's pro/anti feminism, sex of subject, sex of referent, sex of field, and sex of attributes. Dependent variables were academic competence, personal dynamics,…

Oxidative Stressors Modify the Response of Streptococcus mutans to Its Competence Signal Peptides.

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De Furio, Matthew; Ahn, Sang Joon; Burne, Robert A; Hagen, Stephen J

2017-11-15

The dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans is continually exposed to several types of stress in the oral biofilm environment. Oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species has a major impact on the establishment, persistence, and virulence of S. mutans Here, we combined fluorescent reporter-promoter fusions with single-cell imaging to study the effects of reactive oxygen species on activation of genetic competence in S. mutans Exposure to paraquat, which generates superoxide anion, produced a qualitatively different effect on activation of expression of the gene for the master competence regulator, ComX, than did treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which can yield hydroxyl radical. Paraquat suppressed peptide-mediated induction of comX in a progressive and cumulative fashion, whereas the response to H 2 O 2 displayed a strong threshold behavior. Low concentrations of H 2 O 2 had little effect on induction of comX or the bacteriocin gene cipB , but expression of these genes declined sharply if extracellular H 2 O 2 exceeded a threshold concentration. These effects were not due to decreased reporter gene fluorescence. Two different threshold concentrations were observed in the response to H 2 O 2 , depending on the gene promoter that was analyzed and the pathway by which the competence regulon was stimulated. The results show that paraquat and H 2 O 2 affect the S. mutans competence signaling pathway differently, and that some portions of the competence signaling pathway are more sensitive to oxidative stress than others. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus mutans inhabits the oral biofilm, where it plays an important role in the development of dental caries. Environmental stresses such as oxidative stress influence the growth of S. mutans and its important virulence-associated behaviors, such as genetic competence. S. mutans competence development is a complex behavior that involves two different signaling peptides and can exhibit cell

Diaphragm Repair with a Novel Cross-Linked Collagen Biomaterial in a Growing Rabbit Model.

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Steffi Mayer

Full Text Available Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and large defects often require patch closure. Acellular collagen matrices (ACM have been suggested as an alternative to synthetic durable patches as they are remodeled by the host or could also be used for tissue engineering purposes.2.0x1.0 cm diaphragmatic defects were created in 6-weeks old New-Zealand white rabbits. We compared reconstruction with a purpose-designed cross-linked ACM (Matricel to 4-layer non-cross-linked small intestinal submucosa (SIS and a 1-layer synthetic Dual Mesh (Gore-Tex. Unoperated animals or animals undergoing primary closure (4/0 polyglecaprone served as age-matched controls. 60 (n = 25 resp. 90 (n = 17 days later, animals underwent chest x-ray and obduction for gross examination of explants, scoring of adhesion and inflammatory response. Also, uniaxial tensiometry was done, comparing explants to contralateral native diaphragmatic tissue.Overall weight nearly doubled from 1,554±242 g at surgery to 2,837±265 g at obduction (+84%. X-rays did show rare elevation of the left diaphragm (SIS = 1, Gore-Tex = 1, unoperated control = 1, but no herniation of abdominal organs. 56% of SIS and 10% of Matricel patches degraded with visceral bulging in four (SIS = 3, Matricel = 1. Adhesion scores were limited: 0.5 (Matricel to 1 (SIS, Gore-Tex to the left lung (p = 0.008 and 2.5 (Gore-Tex, 3 (SIS and 4 (Matricel to the liver (p<0.0001. Tensiometry revealed a reduced bursting strength but normal compliance for SIS. Compliance was reduced in Matricel and Gore-Tex (p<0.01. Inflammatory response was characterized by a more polymorphonuclear cell (SIS resp. macrophage (Matricel type of infiltrate (p<0.05. Fibrosis was similar for all groups, except there was less mature collagen deposited to Gore-Tex implants (p<0.05.Matricel induced a macrophage-dominated inflammatory response, more adhesions, had appropriate strength but a lesser compliance compared to native tissue. The herein

Repair of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency via minimally invasive port access.

Science.gov (United States)

Kasahara, Hirofumi; Kudo, Mikihiko; Kawajiri, Hiroyuki; Yozu, Ryohei

2010-04-01

We report on a successful tricuspid valve plasty using port-access minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) for severe traumatic tricuspid insufficiency caused by blunt chest trauma suffered 15 years previously. A combination repair procedure, consisting of cleft closures, plication of the anteroseptal commissure, and ring annuloplasty, was necessary to achieve valve competence and proved possible via port access without difficulty. Port-access MICS is an alternative approach for tricuspid valve surgery.

Analytical, Practical and Emotional Intelligence and Line Manager Competencies

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Anna Baczyńska

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The research objective was to examine to what extent line manager competencies are linked to intelligence, and more specifically, three types of intelligence: analytical (fluid, practical and emotional. Methodology: The research was carried out with line managers (N=98 who took part in 12 Assessment Centre sessions and completed tests measuring analytical, practical and emotional intelligence. The adopted hypotheses were tested using a multiple regression. In the regression model, the dependent variable was a managerial competency (management and striving for results, social skills, openness to change, problem solving, employee development and the explanatory variables were the three types of intelligence. Five models, each for a separate management competency, were tested in this way. Findings: In the study, it was hypothesized that practical intelligence relates to procedural tacit knowledge and is the strongest indicator of managerial competency. Analysis of the study results testing this hypothesis indicated that practical intelligence largely accounts for the level of competency used in managerial work (from 21% to 38%. The study findings suggest that practical intelligence is a better indicator of managerial competencies among line managers than traditionally measured IQ or emotional intelligence. Originality: This research fills an important gap in the literature on the subject, indicating the links between major contemporary selection indicators (i.e., analytical, practical and emotional intelligence and managerial competencies presented in realistic work simulations measured using the Assessment Centre process.

Individual cognitions as antecedents of emotional competence and job satisfaction

OpenAIRE

Spörrle, Matthias; Welpe, Isabell

2005-01-01

A model linking cognitions to emotional competence is presented and tested. The model is based on the four domains of Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 2002) and on the theoretical framework of Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (Ellis, 1962, 1994). In this respect, we expect irrational beliefs to be negatively associated with both emotional competence and job satisfaction. Furthermore, we expect emotional competence to be positively associated with job satisfaction. Additionally, it is propose...

É possível uma pedagogia das competências contra-hegemônica?: relações entre pedagogia das competências, construtivismo e neopragmatismo Is a pedagogy of counter-hegemonic competencies possible?: the relationship between pedagogy of competencies, constructivism and neo-pragmatism

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Marise Nogueira Ramos

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Resgatando a discussão sobre a origem das competências na pedagogia e sua possível ressignificação ao subordiná-la ao conceito de qualificação como relação social, questiona-se, aqui, a possibilidade de essa noção orientar a construção de uma pedagogia contra-hegemônica. Tal questionamento é realizado analisando-se possíveis relações entre a pedagogia das competências, o (neo pragmatismo e o chamado construtivismo radical, que podem estar fundando uma epistemologia pós-moderna, coerente com algumas tendências contemporâneas da Filosofia da Educação, com implicações sobre as teorias pedagógicas. Demonstrando que essas tendências negam a objetividade do conhecimento, admitindo-se o relativismo e o subjetivismo, conclui-se que a construção de uma pedagogia contra-hegemônica deve superar os princípios que dão significado à noção de competência e resgatar o trabalho como princípio educativo sob a perspectiva histórico-crítica das relações sociais.Returning to the debate on the origins of competencies in pedagogy and to the possibility of giving it a new meaning by subordinating it to the concept of qualification as social relation, this paper investigates the possibility of this notion becoming the basis for the construction of a counter-hegemonic pedagogy. This investigation is carried out through an analysis of the possible relations between the pedagogy of competencies, the neo-pragmatism and the so-called radical constructivism, all of which may be generating a post-modern epistemology, coherent with some contemporary trends in the Philosophy of Education and with implications for pedagogical theories. By demonstrating that these trends deny the objectivity of knowledge, thus admitting relativism and subjectivism, we conclude that the construction of a counter-hegemonic pedagogy must go beyond the principles that give a meaning to the notion of competency and turn to the notion of work as an educational

Cloning and characterization of human DNA repair genes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thompson, L.H.; Brookman, K.W.; Weber, C.A.; Salazar, E.P.; Stewart, S.A.; Carrano, A.V.

1987-01-01

The isolation of two addition human genes that give efficient restoration of the repair defects in other CHO mutant lines is reported. The gene designated ERCC2 (Excision Repair Complementing Chinese hamster) corrects mutant UV5 from complementation group 1. They recently cloned this gene by first constructing a secondary transformant in which the human gene was shown to have become physically linked to the bacterial gpt dominant-marker gene by cotransfer in calcium phosphate precipitates in the primary transfection. Transformants expressing both genes were recovered by selecting for resistance to both UV radiation and mycophenolic acid. Using similar methods, the human gene that corrects CHO mutant EM9 was isolated in cosmids and named XRCC1 (X-ray Repair Complementing Chinese hamster). In this case, transformants were recovered by selecting for resistance to CldUrd, which kills EM9 very efficiently. In both genomic and cosmid transformants, the XRCC1 gene restored resistance to the normal range. DNA repair was studied using the kinetics of strand-break rejoining, which was measured after exposure to 137 Cs γ-rays

Repair by genetic recombination in bacteria: overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Howard-Flanders, P.

1975-01-01

DNA molecules that have been damaged in both strands at the same level are not subject to repair by excision but instead can be repaired through recombination with homologous molecules. Examples of two-strand damage include postreplication gaps opposite pyrimidine dimers, two-strand breaks produced by x-rays, and chemically induced interstrand cross-links. In ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria, and newly synthesized DNA is of length equal to the interdimer spacing. With continued incubation, this low-molecular-weight DNA is joined into high-molecular-weight chains (postreplication repair), a process associated with sister exchanges in bacteria. Recombination is initiated by pyrimidine dimers opposite postreplication gaps and by interstrand cross-links that have been cut by excision enzymes. The free ends at the resulting gaps presumably initiate the exchanges. Postreplication repair in Escherichia coli occurs in recB - and recC - but is greatly slowed in recF - mutants. RecB and recC are the structural genes for exonuclease V, which digests two-stranded DNA by releasing oligonucleotides first from one strand and then from the other. The postreplication sister exchanges in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria result in the distribution of pyrimidine dimers between parental and daughter strands, indicating that long exchanges involving both strands of each duplex occur. The R1 restriction endonuclease from E. coli has been used to cut the DNA of a bacterial drug-resistance transfer factor with one nuclease-sensitive site, and also DNA from the frog Xenopus enriched for ribosomal 18S and 28S genes. The fragments were annealed with the cut plasmid DNA and ligated, producing a new larger plasmid carrying the eukaryotic rDNA and able to infect and replicate in E. coli

Revisiting Creeping Competences in the EU

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Citi, Manuele

2014-01-01

case where secondary legislation was employed to extend a formal treaty-based competence (civilian research and technology policy) to an area that, for historical and strategic reasons, has always been a policy monopoly of national governments: research and technology development policy for security...... and defence. Through the analysis of a large pool of documentary data, I elaborate a set of linked hypotheses about the empirical dynamics of creeping competences, and show how the theory of incomplete contracting is best suited to explain this phenomenon....

Differential repair of platinum-DNA adducts in human bladder and testicular tumor continuous cell lines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bedford, P.; Fichtinger-Schepman, A.M.; Shellard, S.A.; Walker, M.C.; Masters, J.R.; Hill, B.T.

1988-01-01

The formation and removal of four platinum-DNA adducts were immunochemically quantitated in cultured cells derived from a human bladder carcinoma cell line (RT112) and from two lines derived from germ cell tumors of the testis (833K and SUSA), following exposure in vitro to 16.7 microM (5 micrograms/ml) cisplatin. RT112 cells were least sensitive to the drug and were proficient in the repair of all four adducts, whereas SUSA cells, which were 5-fold more sensitive, were deficient in the repair of DNA-DNA intrastrand cross-links in the sequences pApG and pGpG. Despite expressing a similar sensitivity to SUSA cells, 833K cells were proficient in the repair of all four adducts, although less so than the RT112 bladder tumor cells. In addition, SUSA cells were unable to repair DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links whereas 50-85% of these lesions were removed in RT112 and 833K cells 24 h following drug exposure. It is possible that the inability of SuSa cells to repair platinated DNA may account for their hypersensitivity to cisplatin

DNA repair , cell repair and radiosensitivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhestyanikov, V.D.

1983-01-01

Data obtained in laboratory of radiation cytology and literature data testifying to a considerable role of DNA repair in cell sensitivity to radiation and chemical DNA-tropic agents have been considered. Data pointing to the probability of contribution of inducible repair of DNA into plant cells sensitivity to X-rays are obtained. Certain violations of DNA repair do not result in the increase of radiosensitivity. It is assumed that in the cases unknown mechanisms of DNA repair operate

Bidirectional Associations among Sensitive Parenting, Language Development, and Social Competence

Science.gov (United States)

Barnett, Melissa A.; Gustafsson, Hanna; Deng, Min; Mills-Koonce, W. Roger; Cox, Martha

2012-01-01

Rapid changes in language skills and social competence, both of which are linked to sensitive parenting, characterize early childhood. The present study examines bidirectional associations among mothers' sensitive parenting and children's language skills and social competence from 24 to 36?months in a community sample of 174 families. In addition,…

Role of DNA repair in repair of cytogenetic damages. Slowly repaired DNA injuries involved in cytogenetic damages repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaichkina, S.I.; Rozanova, O.M.; Aptikaev, G.F.; Ganassi, E.Eh.

1989-01-01

Caffeine was used to study the kinetics of cytogenetic damages repair in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Its half-time (90 min) was shown to correlate with that of repair of slowly repaired DNA damages. The caffeine-induced increase in the number of irreparable DNA damages, attributed to inhibition of double-strand break repair, is in a quantitative correlation with the effect of the cytogenetic damage modification

Reliable and valid assessment of Lichtenstein hernia repair skills.

Science.gov (United States)

Carlsen, C G; Lindorff-Larsen, K; Funch-Jensen, P; Lund, L; Charles, P; Konge, L

2014-08-01

Lichtenstein hernia repair is a common surgical procedure and one of the first procedures performed by a surgical trainee. However, formal assessment tools developed for this procedure are few and sparsely validated. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of an assessment tool designed to measure surgical skills in Lichtenstein hernia repair. Key issues were identified through a focus group interview. On this basis, an assessment tool with eight items was designed. Ten surgeons and surgical trainees were video recorded while performing Lichtenstein hernia repair, (four experts, three intermediates, and three novices). The videos were blindly and individually assessed by three raters (surgical consultants) using the assessment tool. Based on these assessments, validity and reliability were explored. The internal consistency of the items was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97). The inter-rater reliability was very good with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.93. Generalizability analysis showed a coefficient above 0.8 even with one rater. The coefficient improved to 0.92 if three raters were used. One-way analysis of variance found a significant difference between the three groups which indicates construct validity, p fashion with the new procedure-specific assessment tool. We recommend this tool for future assessment of trainees performing Lichtenstein hernia repair to ensure that the objectives of competency-based surgical training are met.

Galectin-7 is important for normal uterine repair following menstruation.

Science.gov (United States)

Evans, Jemma; Yap, Joanne; Gamage, Thillini; Salamonsen, Lois; Dimitriadis, Evdokia; Menkhorst, Ellen

2014-08-01

Menstruation involves the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium in the absence of pregnancy. At sites where tissue shedding is complete, re-epithelialization of the tissue is essential for repair and termination of bleeding. The complement of growth factors that mediate post-menstrual endometrial repair are yet to be completely elucidated. Galectins regulate many cell functions important for post-menstrual repair, such as cell adhesion and migration. Galectin-7 has a well characterized role in re-epithelialization and wound healing. We hypothesized that galectin-7 would be important in re-epithelialization during post-menstrual repair. We aimed to identify endometrial expression of galectin-7 in women undergoing normal endometrial repair and in women with amenorrhoea who do not experience endometrial breakdown and repair, and to determine whether galectin-7 enhances endometrial re-epithelialization in vitro. Galectin-7 immunolocalized to the endometrial luminal and glandular epithelium during the late secretory and menstrual phases, and to decidualized stroma in regions exhibiting tissue breakdown. Immunostaining intensity was significantly reduced in the endometrium of women with amenorrhoea compared with normally cycling woman. ELISA identified galectin-7 in menstrual fluid at significantly elevated levels compared with matched peripheral plasma. Exogenous galectin-7 (2.5 µg/ml) significantly enhanced endometrial epithelial wound repair in vitro; this was abrogated by inhibition of integrin binding. Galectin-7 elevated epithelial expression of extracellular matrix-related molecules likely involved in repair including β-catenin, contactin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, galectin-7 is produced by the premenstrual and menstrual endometrium, where it accumulates in menstrual fluid and likely acts as a paracrine factor to facilitate post-menstrual endometrial re-epithelialization. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the

Developing human capital by linking emotional intelligence with personal competencies in Indian business organizations

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Singh, K.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The concept of emotional intelligence has become so popular in the management literature that it has become imperative to understand and leverage it for the sake of enhancing the capacity of human capital in organizations. As the pace of change is increasing and world of work is making ever greater demands on a person’s cognitive, emotional and physical resources, this particular set of abilities are becoming increasingly important. Since majority of the concerns in organization involve people in different roles, emotional intelligence must become a determining factor for their effective management. It has also been found that ultimately it is the emotional and personal competencies that we need to identify and measure if we want to be able to predict performance at workplace resulting in its effectiveness, thereby enhancing the worth of the human capital. In this scenario the competencies possessed by the people will have a bearing on the extent to which they can actualize their emotional intelligence. The current paper sets out to examine the relationship between the emotional intelligence of executives in Indian business organizations with their personal competencies. The result suggests that emotional intelligence is significantly related with the personal competencies of employees and the variables of personal competency namely, people success, system success and self success have a predictive relationship with emotional intelligence.

Diagnóstico de competências individuais de tutores que atuam na modalidade a distância

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João Paulo Fonseca Borges

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, considera-se que a educação a distância (EaD tem representado papel imprescindível à aquisição de competências por parte de aprendizes nos cenários nacional e internacional. O papel dos tutores é estratégico à sua efetividade, especialmente no que tange a competências técnicas, relativas ao uso do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA, e comportamentais, estimulando o aprendiz a se comprometer e a não evadir. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral diagnosticar, empiricamente, competências individuais (técnicas e comportamentais necessárias ao desempenho efetivo da função de tutor no ensino a distância no âmbito da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB. Por meio de dois estudos, foi realizada triangulação de dados, que envolveu fase qualitativa, composta por análise documental, entrevistas e grupos de foco (Estudo 1, e fase quantitativa, com aplicação de questionário fechado (Estudo 2. O tratamento dos dados qualitativos foi feito por análise de conteúdo, e dos dados quantitativos, por meio de análise estatística. A amostra (N=200 foi predominantemente feminina, atuando há pelo menos dois anos com tutoria. Os resultados apontaram baixas lacunas de competência, o que indica que as atividades de captação, treinamento e desenvolvimento de competências provavelmente têm sido realizadas de forma condizente com as necessidades das atribuições dos tutores. Sugere-se, para pesquisas futuras, a investigação com maior número de participantes, de modo a permitir análises estatísticas mais complexas.

Competing Risks Quantile Regression at Work

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dlugosz, Stephan; Lo, Simon M. S.; Wilke, Ralf

2017-01-01

large-scale maternity duration data with multiple competing risks derived from German linked social security records to analyse how public policies are related to the length of economic inactivity of young mothers after giving birth. Our results show that the model delivers detailed insights...

Practical Skills in Laptop Computer Repairs for Curriculum Innovation in Technical Education Programmes in Nigeria

Science.gov (United States)

Chukwuedo, Samson O.; Omofonmwan, Godwin O.

2015-01-01

The increase in the use of laptop computer in Nigeria with their corresponding incessant breakdown calls for the preparation of competent technicians/technologists to carry out such repairs at the downtime of the appliance. This is one of the responsibilities of technology education programmes. This study therefore determined the practical skills…

Linking Knowledge and Skills to Mission Essential Competency-Based Syllabus Development for Distributed Mission Operations

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Symons, Steve; France, Michael; Bell, Jeffrey; Bennett, Jr, Winston

2006-01-01

... of Mission Essential Competencies (MECs). MECs are defined as the higher order individual, team, and inter-team competencies that a fully prepared pilot, crew, or flight requires for successful mission completion under adverse conditions...

Genomic survey and expression analysis of DNA repair genes in the genus Leptospira.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins-Pinheiro, Marinalva; Schons-Fonseca, Luciane; da Silva, Josefa B; Domingos, Renan H; Momo, Leonardo Hiroyuki Santos; Simões, Ana Carolina Quirino; Ho, Paulo Lee; da Costa, Renata M A

2016-04-01

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis with important economic and public health consequences and is caused by pathogenic leptospires. The genus Leptospira belongs to the order Spirochaetales and comprises saprophytic (L. biflexa), pathogenic (L. interrogans) and host-dependent (L. borgpetersenii) members. Here, we present an in silico search for DNA repair pathways in Leptospira spp. The relevance of such DNA repair pathways was assessed through the identification of mRNA levels of some genes during infection in animal model and after exposition to spleen cells. The search was performed by comparison of available Leptospira spp. genomes in public databases with known DNA repair-related genes. Leptospires exhibit some distinct and unexpected characteristics, for instance the existence of a redundant mechanism for repairing a chemically diverse spectrum of alkylated nucleobases, a new mutS-like gene and a new shorter version of uvrD. Leptospira spp. shares some characteristics from Gram-positive, as the presence of PcrA, two RecQ paralogs and two SSB proteins; the latter is considered a feature shared by naturally competent bacteria. We did not find a significant reduction in the number of DNA repair-related genes in both pathogenic and host-dependent species. Pathogenic leptospires were enriched for genes dedicated to base excision repair and non-homologous end joining. Their evolutionary history reveals a remarkable importance of lateral gene transfer events for the evolution of the genus. Up-regulation of specific DNA repair genes, including components of SOS regulon, during infection in animal model validates the critical role of DNA repair mechanisms for the complex interplay between host/pathogen.

Fibroblast growth factor 2 and DNA repair involvement in the keratinocyte stem cells response to ionizing radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harfouche, L'Emira Ghida

2010-02-01

Keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) from the human inter follicular epidermis are regarded as the major target to radiation during radiotherapy. We found herein that KSCs are more resistant to ionizing radiation than their direct progeny, and presented more rapid DNA damage repair kinetics than the progenitors. Furthermore, we provided evidence describing the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signaling on the ability of KSCs and progenitors to repair damaged DNA. Despite our knowledge of the fact, that FGF is an anti-apoptotic factor in multiple cell types, the direct link between DNA repair and FGF2 signaling has rarely been shown. Existence of such link is an important issue with implications not only to stem cell field but also to cancer therapy. (author)

DNA repair processes and their impairment in some human diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cleaver, J.E.

1977-01-01

Some human diseases show enhanced sensitivity to the action of environmental mutagens, and among these several are known which are defective in the repair of damaged DNA. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is mainly defective in excision repair of a large variety of damaged DNA bases caused by ultraviolet light and chemical mutagens. XP involves at least 6 distinct groups, some of which may lack cofactors required for excising damage from chromatin. As a result of these defects the sensitivity of XP cells to many mutagens is increased 5- to 10-fold. Ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia may similarly involve defects in repair of certain DNA base damage or cross-links, respectively. But most of these and other mutagen-sensitive diseases only show increases of about 2-fold in sensitivity to mutagens, and the biochemical defects in the diseases may be more complex and less directly involved in DNA repair than in XP. (Auth.)

Radiation-induced DNA-protein cross-links: Mechanisms and biological significance.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakano, Toshiaki; Xu, Xu; Salem, Amir M H; Shoulkamy, Mahmoud I; Ide, Hiroshi

2017-06-01

Ionizing radiation produces various DNA lesions such as base damage, DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs). Of these, the biological significance of DPCs remains elusive. In this article, we focus on radiation-induced DPCs and review the current understanding of their induction, properties, repair, and biological consequences. When cells are irradiated, the formation of base damage, SSBs, and DSBs are promoted in the presence of oxygen. Conversely, that of DPCs is promoted in the absence of oxygen, suggesting their importance in hypoxic cells, such as those present in tumors. DNA and protein radicals generated by hydroxyl radicals (i.e., indirect effect) are responsible for DPC formation. In addition, DPCs can also be formed from guanine radical cations generated by the direct effect. Actin, histones, and other proteins have been identified as cross-linked proteins. Also, covalent linkages between DNA and protein constituents such as thymine-lysine and guanine-lysine have been identified and their structures are proposed. In irradiated cells and tissues, DPCs are repaired in a biphasic manner, consisting of fast and slow components. The half-time for the fast component is 20min-2h and that for the slow component is 2-70h. Notably, radiation-induced DPCs are repaired more slowly than DSBs. Homologous recombination plays a pivotal role in the repair of radiation-induced DPCs as well as DSBs. Recently, a novel mechanism of DPC repair mediated by a DPC protease was reported, wherein the resulting DNA-peptide cross-links were bypassed by translesion synthesis. The replication and transcription of DPC-bearing reporter plasmids are inhibited in cells, suggesting that DPCs are potentially lethal lesions. However, whether DPCs are mutagenic and induce gross chromosomal alterations remains to be determined. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Competence is Competence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bramming, Pia

2004-01-01

The article will address competence, its' diffusion, application, and the consequence of this application within the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). The concept competence-in-practice will be presented and in conclusion the article will consider implications and possibilities...... of competence-in-practice as an alternative approach to Competence Development within Human Resource Management....

Role of DNA repair in repair of cytogenetic damages. Contribution of repair of single-strand DNA breaks to cytogenetic damages repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rozanova, O.M.; Zaichkina, S.I.; Aptikaev, G.F.; Ganassi, E.Eh.

1989-01-01

The comparison was made between the results of the effect of poly(ADP-ribosylation) ingibitors (e.g. nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide) and a chromatin proteinase ingibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, on the cytogenetic damages repair, by a micronuclear test, and DNA repair in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The values of the repair half-periods (5-7 min for the cytogenetic damages and 5 min for the rapidly repaired DNA damages) and a similar modyfying effect with regard to radiation cytogenetic damages and kynetics of DNA damages repair were found to be close. This confirms the contribution of repair of DNA single-strand breaks in the initiation of structural damages to chromosomes

DNA repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Setlow, R.

1978-01-01

Some topics discussed are as follows: difficulty in extrapolating data from E. coli to mammalian systems; mutations caused by UV-induced changes in DNA; mutants deficient in excision repair; other postreplication mechanisms; kinds of excision repair systems; detection of repair by biochemical or biophysical means; human mutants deficient in repair; mutagenic effects of UV on XP cells; and detection of UV-repair defects among XP individuals

Pneumococcal Competence Coordination Relies on a Cell-Contact Sensing Mechanism.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Prudhomme

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Bacteria have evolved various inducible genetic programs to face many types of stress that challenge their growth and survival. Competence is one such program. It enables genetic transformation, a major horizontal gene transfer process. Competence development in liquid cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae is synchronized within the whole cell population. This collective behavior is known to depend on an exported signaling Competence Stimulating Peptide (CSP, whose action generates a positive feedback loop. However, it is unclear how this CSP-dependent population switch is coordinated. By monitoring spontaneous competence development in real time during growth of four distinct pneumococcal lineages, we have found that competence shift in the population relies on a self-activated cell fraction that arises via a growth time-dependent mechanism. We demonstrate that CSP remains bound to cells during this event, and conclude that the rate of competence development corresponds to the propagation of competence by contact between activated and quiescent cells. We validated this two-step cell-contact sensing mechanism by measuring competence development during co-cultivation of strains with altered capacity to produce or respond to CSP. Finally, we found that the membrane protein ComD retains the CSP, limiting its free diffusion in the medium. We propose that competence initiator cells originate stochastically in response to stress, to form a distinct subpopulation that then transmits the CSP by cell-cell contact.

Apical and periapical repair of dogs' teeth with periapical lesions after endodontic treatment with different root canal sealers Reparação apical e periapical de dentes de cães com lesão periapical crônica após tratamento endodôntico utilizando diferentes materiais obturadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mário Roberto Leonardo

2003-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical and periapical repair after root canal treatment of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesion using different root canal sealers. After periapical lesion induction, forty-four root canals of 3 dogs were submitted to biomechanical preparation using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating solution. A calcium hydroxide dressing (Calen PMCC was applied for 15 days and the root canals were filled using the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and Sealapex, AH Plus or Sealer Plus for sealing. After 180 days, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the obtained histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for optical microscopic analysis of the apical and periapical repair. The groups filled with Sealapex and AH Plus had better histological repair (p O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a reparação apical e periapical pós-tratamento endodôntico de dentes de cães com necrose pulpar e reação periapical crônica, em que se utilizaram diferentes materiais obturadores. Foram utilizados 44 canais radiculares, nos quais, após indução das lesões periapicais, foi efetuado o preparo biomecânico empregando-se como solução irrigadora uma solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25%. Após curativo de demora com pasta à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Calen PMCC, mantida no canal radicular durante 15 dias, os canais radiculares foram obturados pela técnica clássica complementada pela condensação lateral ativa, empregando-se os cimentos Sealapex, AH Plus ou Sealer Plus. Decorrido o período de 180 dias, os animais foram mortos e as peças submetidas ao processamento laboratorial. Os cortes histológicos obtidos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que nos canais radiculares obturados com os cimentos Sealapex e AH Plus ocorreu melhor reparação (p < 0,05 do que nos canais obturados com o

The Streptococcus sanguinis Competence Regulon Is Not Required for Infective Endocarditis Virulence in a Rabbit Model

OpenAIRE

Callahan, Jill E.; Munro, Cindy L.; Kitten, Todd

2011-01-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is an important component of dental plaque and a leading cause of infective endocarditis. Genetic competence in S. sanguinis requires a quorum sensing system encoded by the early comCDE genes, as well as late genes controlled by the alternative sigma factor, ComX. Previous studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans have identified functions for the >100-gene com regulon in addition to DNA uptake, including virulence. We investigated this possibility i...

Primary perineal posterior hernia: an abdominoperineal approach for mesh repair of the pelvic floor Hérnia perineal posterior primária: um acesso abdômino-perineal para o reforço do assoalho pélvico com tela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mara R. Salum

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Spontaneous development of perineal hernias is a very rare condition and many techniques have been described for repairing the floor defect. The authors describe the use of a combined approach in the surgical treatment of primary perineal hernias, by reconstructing the muscle pelvic floor and restoring the rectum to its sacral position with mesh repair. The case of one patient with a huge primary perineal hernia is reported, with clinical manifestations of progressive bulging in the buttock area, obstipation and fecal incontinence. Long-term follow-up has shown no recurrence of the condition and normal bowel function. It is concluded that primary perineal hernia can be repaired by a combined surgical approach, by using prosthetic material.O desenvolvimento espontâneo de hérnia perineal representa uma condição patológica muito rara.Várias técnicas têm sido descritas para a correção da falha no assoalho muscular pélvico. Os autores descrevem um acesso cirúrgico combinado para o tratamento das hérnias perineais primárias, pela reconstrução do assoalho pélvico muscular e reposicionamento do reto com reforço utilizando-se tela. O caso de uma paciente com uma volumosa hérnia na região perineal, caracterizada como primária, é relatado, evidenciando-se manifestações clínicas de aumento progressivo do saco herniário, dificuldades para evacuar e incontinência fecal. O seguimento clínico a longo prazo, após a correção cirúrgica, demonstrou que não houve recidiva da hérnia, normalizando-se a função intestinal. Conclui-se que as hérnias perineais primárias podem ser tratadas por este acesso combinado, utilizando-se próteses.

Linking Teacher Competences to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Role of Empowerment

Science.gov (United States)

Kasekende, Francis; Munene, John C.; Otengei, Samson Omuudu; Ntayi, Joseph Mpeera

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between teacher competences and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with empowerment as a mediating factor. Design/methodology/approach: The study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Using cluster and random sampling procedures, data were obtained from 383…

Competência para prestar cuidado de enfermagem transcultural à pessoa com deficiência: instrumento de autoavaliação Competencia para prestar cuidado de enfermería transcultural a personas con deficiencia: instrumento de autoevaluación Competency to provide cross-cultural nursing care for people with disability: a self-assessment instrument

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O estudo trata da Teoria de Enfermagem Transcultural que desenvolve fundamentação para o cuidado, essência do trabalho da Enfermagem, apoiada na antropologia que dá suporte e explica aspectos da cultura e do cuidado. Estudo reflexivo apoiado no método de Análise da Teoria para estudo dos conceitos com objetivo de construir Instrumento de Autoavaliação de Competências para o Cuidado Transcultural à Pessoa com Deficiência. Analisados os conceitos principais, Cuidado Culturalmente Competente e Comunicação Cultural, e subconceitos: avaliação, valores, diversidade biocultural, habilidade, conhecimento, identidade, código e empatia cultura. Sintetizou-se o ciclo de análise de valores culturais que subsidiam a autoavaliação. Construiu-se o Instrumento de Autoavaliação da Competência para o Cuidado de Enfermagem Transcultural à Pessoa com Deficiência, especificamente, surdez, cegueira ou baixa visão, deficiência física e mental nos aspectos de cumprimentar, aceitar, ajudar, conhecer e advogar. Conclui-se que a teoria reúne características para o cuidado da pessoa com deficiência.El estudio trata de la Teoría de Enfermería Transcultural, que desarrolla fundamentación para cuidar, esencia del trabajo de enfermería, apoyada en la antropología, que soporta y explica aspectos de la cultura y del cuidado. Estudio reflexivo apoyado en el método de Análisis de la Teoría para el estudio de los conceptos, con objeto de construir un Instrumento de Autoevaluación de Competencias para el Cuidado Transcultural a Personas con Deficiencia. Analizados los principales conceptos, Cuidado Culturalmente Competente y Comunicación Cultural, y los subconceptos: evaluación, valores, diversidad biocultural, habilidad, conocimiento, identidad, código y empatía cultural. Se sintetizó el ciclo de análisis de valores culturales que soportan la autoevaluación. Fue construido el Instrumento de Autoevaluación de Competencias para el

SUMO and ubiquitin-dependent XPC exchange drives nucleotide excision repair

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Van Cuijk, Loes; Van Belle, Gijsbert J.; Turkyilmaz, Yasemin

2015-01-01

XPC recognizes UV-induced DNA lesions and initiates their removal by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Damage recognition in NER is tightly controlled by ubiquitin and SUMO modifications. Recent studies have shown that the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF111 promotes K63-linked ubiquitylation o...

[HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BASED ON COMPETENCIES].

Science.gov (United States)

Larumbe Andueza, Ma Carmen; De Mendoza Cánton, Juana Hermoso

2016-05-01

We are living in a time with a lot of changes in which health organizations have more challenges to face. One of them is to recognize, strengthen, develop and retain the talent they have. Competency-based human resources management is emerging as a tool that contributes to achieve that aim. Competencies from the generic or characteristic perspective: personality traits, values and motivations, which are deeply rooted in the person. Through elaborating a competencies map for the organization, and identifying the job competencies profile, above all in key jobs, the employees know what it is going to expect from them. After, detect and cover the learning needs, it is possible to achieve better adjust between worker-job. The nursing unit manager is a key job because it is a link between management team and nursing team. The way that it is performed, it will have impact on the quality of care and its team motivation. So, the most adequate person who covers this job would have a part of knowledge, skills, attitudes and compatible interests with her job. Competency-based management helps identify both the potential and learning needs to performing this job.

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and possible links with DNA repair rates, chromosomal aberrations and single-strand breaks in DNA

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vodička, Pavel; Kumar, R.; Štětina, R.; Sanyal, S.; Souček, P.; Haufroid, V.; Dušinská, M.; Kuricová, M.; Zámečníková, M.; Musak, L.; Buchancová, J.; Norppa, H.; Hirvonen, A.; Vodičková, L.; Naccarati, Alessio; Matoušů, Zora; Hemminki, K.

2004-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 5 (2004), s. 757-763 ISSN 0143-3334 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA310/03/0437; GA ČR GA310/01/0802 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5039906 Keywords : DNA repair rates * genotoxicity Subject RIV: FM - Hygiene Impact factor: 5.375, year: 2004

Recommendations for training in pediatric psychology: defining core competencies across training levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Palermo, Tonya M; Janicke, David M; McQuaid, Elizabeth L; Mullins, Larry L; Robins, Paul M; Wu, Yelena P

2014-10-01

As a field, pediatric psychology has focused considerable efforts on the education and training of students and practitioners. Alongside a broader movement toward competency attainment in professional psychology and within the health professions, the Society of Pediatric Psychology commissioned a Task Force to establish core competencies in pediatric psychology and address the need for contemporary training recommendations.   The Task Force adapted the framework proposed by the Competency Benchmarks Work Group on preparing psychologists for health service practice and defined competencies applicable across training levels ranging from initial practicum training to entry into the professional workforce in pediatric psychology.   Competencies within 6 cluster areas, including science, professionalism, interpersonal, application, education, and systems, and 1 crosscutting cluster, crosscutting knowledge competencies in pediatric psychology, are presented in this report.   Recommendations for the use of, and the further refinement of, these suggested competencies are discussed. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo-social de crianças com perda auditiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Lourdes M. Tabaquim

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBEJTIVO: avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo-social de crianças com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 50 crianças com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva, com idade média de 16,1 meses, de ambos os gêneros. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada com os pais para a obtenção da história de vida da criança, a Escala de Desenvolvimento Comportamental e a Escala de Avaliação da Reação de Retração do Bebê. RESULTADO: o estudo identificou 80% das crianças com perda auditiva profunda bilateral. O Quociente de Desenvolvimento na normalidade ocorreu em 76% da amostra, sendo as funções da linguagem e pessoal-social, as mais prejudicadas. Os níveis de ajustamento afetivo e interacional foram caracterizados pelas reações de alarme para problemas de interação pessoal-social. CONCLUSÃO: as competências defasadas de habilidades verbais e não-verbais mostraram implicações no desenvolvimento cognitivo, sugestivas da condição da criança com perda auditiva e dos fatores de risco associados, com limitação circunstancial a trocas comunicativas que promovem o desenvolvimento de competências adaptativas e o fortalecimento da auto-estima para as relações.

La enfermera: conocimientos y competencias para dirigir hospitales A enfermeira: seus conhecimentos e competências para dirigir hospitais The nurse: knowledge and competence to manage hospitals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danelia Gómez Torres

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de determinar se a enfermagem possui conhecimentos e competências para dirigir os hospitais, desenvolveu-se está pesquisa qualitativa, sustentada pela teoria de pensamento estratégico, abordando a categoria acadêmica, com o método de estudo de caso. Os sujeitos foram quatro enfermeiras diretoras gerais de hospital. A pesquisa evidencia que a enfermeira possui competências que respondem ao campo de atuação caracterizado por um conjunto de conhecimentos e práticas que permitem a realização de uma tarefa significativa, sua visão holística faz a diferença profissional constatada pela humanização, ao reconhecer no processo de comunicação dentre o profissional, a pessoa subordinada e o usuário no contexto hospitalar. Suas habilidades administrativas foram consideradas em seus planos e programas de estudos. As competências da enfermeira respondem às expectativas requeridas pela instituição e na contribuição esperada para cada cargo.Com o objetivo de determinar si na enfermagem tem conhecimentos e competência para dirigir os hospitales, desarrolla-se está pesquisa qualitativa, sustentada pela teoria de pensamento estratégico, abordando a categoria acadêmica, utilizando o método de estudo de caso, entrevistando a quatro enfermeiras que fórum diretoras gerais de hospital. Mostrando claramente que o perfil da enfermeira, possui competências que respondem ao campo de atuação caracterizado por um conjunto de conhecimentos e práticas que permitem a realização de uma tarefa significativa, sua visão holistica faz a diferença profissional, constatada pela humanização ao reconhecer no processo de comunicação dentre o profissional e a pessoa subordinada e o usuário no contexto hospitalar, associando suas habilidades administrativas consideradas em seus planos os programas de estudos, Sin. duvida as competências da enfermeira respondem às expectativas requeridas pela instituição e na contribui

Competências empreendedoras em Instituições de Ensino Superior: estudo de caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lucia Ferraresi Schmitz

2012-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2012v5n2p111   Esta pesquisa teve como foco identificar as competências empreendedoras na Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (UTL, que possui uma estrutura organizacional compartimentada em faculdades e institutos, caracterizando-se como organização burocrática e hierarquizada, onde, o empreendedorismo torna-se um desafio para seus membros docentes, investigadores e gestores. Para o caminho metodológico desta investigação adotou-se estudo fenomenológico e pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, em que a discussão do assunto e a forma do desenvolvimento são novas e originais, contando com revisão sistemática orientada pelo Cochrane Handbook, realizada no Portal da Capes. Na pesquisa de campo, adotou-se o método de entrevistas presenciais semiestruturadas com foco em comportamento. Consideraram-se, nas informações obtidas pelos entrevistados e as descrições com os detalhes do comportamento. Essas informações permitiram o conhecimento das competências empreendedoras exercidas para alavancar o  Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (ISEG, que tem se mantido como um dos diferenciais da UTL e para a própria sociedade portuguesa.

Surgical repair of a rupture of the pectoralis major muscle

Science.gov (United States)

Pochini, Alberto De Castro; Andreoli, Carlos Vicente; Ejnisman, Benno; Maffulli, Nicola

2015-01-01

Muscle rupture is rarely treated surgically. Few reports of good outcomes after muscular suture have been published. Usually, muscular lesions or partial ruptures heal with few side effects or result in total recovery. We report a case of an athlete who was treated surgically to repair a total muscular rupture in the pectoralis major muscle. After 6 months, the athlete returned to competitive practice. After a 2-year follow-up, the athlete still competes in skateboard championships. PMID:25716033

Functional analysis of the interdependence between DNA uptake sequence and its cognate ComP receptor during natural transformation in Neisseria species.

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Jamie-Lee Berry

Full Text Available Natural transformation is the widespread biological process by which "competent" bacteria take up free DNA, incorporate it into their genomes, and become genetically altered or "transformed". To curb often deleterious transformation by foreign DNA, several competent species preferentially take up their own DNA that contains specific DUS (DNA uptake sequence watermarks. Our recent finding that ComP is the long sought DUS receptor in Neisseria species paves the way for the functional analysis of the DUS-ComP interdependence which is reported here. By abolishing/modulating ComP levels in Neisseria meningitidis, we show that the enhancement of transformation seen in the presence of DUS is entirely dependent on ComP, which also controls transformation in the absence of DUS. While peripheral bases in the DUS were found to be less important, inner bases are essential since single base mutations led to dramatically impaired interaction with ComP and transformation. Strikingly, naturally occurring DUS variants in the genomes of human Neisseria commensals differing from DUS by only one or two bases were found to be similarly impaired for transformation of N. meningitidis. By showing that ComPsub from the N. subflava commensal specifically binds its cognate DUS variant and mediates DUS-enhanced transformation when expressed in a comP mutant of N. meningitidis, we confirm that a similar mechanism is used by all Neisseria species to promote transformation by their own, or closely related DNA. Together, these findings shed new light on the molecular events involved in the earliest step in natural transformation, and reveal an elegant mechanism for modulating horizontal gene transfer between competent species sharing the same niche.

Enhancing Safety through Generic Competencies

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S. Mockel

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This article provides insights into proactive safety management and mitigation. An analysis of accident reports reveals categories of supervening causes of accidents which can be directly linked to the concept of generic competencies (information management, communication and coordination, problem solving, and effect control. These findings strongly suggest adding the human element as another safety-constituting pillar to the concept of ship safety next to technology and regulation. We argue that the human element has unique abilities in dealing with critical and highly dynamic situations which can contribute to the system's recovery from non-routine or critical situations. By educating seafarers in generic competencies we claim to enable the people onboard to successfully deal with critical situations.

Managing Relationship-driven Competence Dynamics in Professional Service Organisations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skaates, Maria Anne; Seppänen, Veikko

2002-01-01

Client relations play a major role in the competence development of professional service providers. However mutuality and particularity are also key concerns in providers' client relationships. Therefore four inter-linked frameworks for classifying relationship-related competence dynamics...... at the levels of the organisation, relationship, and network of relationships are presented. The frameworks are illustrated in a case concerning fault diagnosis software projects undertaken by Finnish contractual R&D provider VTT Electronics. Finally, suggestions are made concerning the use of the frameworks...... by managers of professional service organisations to develop an increased understanding of their own client relationship-specific competence dynamics....

FGF2 mediates DNA repair in epidermoid carcinoma cells exposed to ionizing radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marie, Melanie; Hafner, Sophie; Moratille, Sandra; Vaigot, Pierre; Rigaud, Odile; Martin, Michele T.; Mine, Solene

2012-01-01

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a well-known survival factor. However, its role in DNA repair is poorly documented. The present study was designed to investigate in epidermoid carcinoma cells the potential role of FGF2 in DNA repair. The side population (SP) with cancer stem cell-like properties and the main population (MP) were isolated from human A431 squamous carcinoma cells. Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair were assessed using the alkaline comet assay. FGF2 expression was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SP cells exhibited rapid repair of radiation induced DNA damage and a high constitutive level of nuclear FGF2. Blocking FGF2 signaling abrogated the rapid DNA repair. In contrast, in MP cells, a slower repair of damage was associated with low basal expression of FGF2. Moreover, the addition of exogenous FGF2 accelerated DNA repair in MP cells. When irradiated, SP cells secreted FGF2, whereas MP cells did not. FGF2 was found to mediate DNA repair in epidermoid carcinoma cells. We postulate that carcinoma stem cells would be intrinsically primed to rapidly repair DNA damage by a high constitutive level of nuclear FGF2. In contrast, the main population with a low FGF2 content exhibits a lower repair rate which can be increased by exogenous FGF2. (authors)

Mesh hernia repair and male infertility: a retrospective register study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hallén, Magnus; Westerdahl, Johan; Nordin, Pär; Gunnarsson, Ulf; Sandblom, Gabriel

2012-01-01

Previous studies have suggested that the use of mesh in groin hernia repair may be associated with an increased risk for male infertility as a result of inflammatory obliteration of structures in the spermatic cord. In a recent study, we could not find an increased incidence of involuntary childlessness. The aim of this study was to evaluate this issue further. Men born between 1950 and 1989, with a hernia repair registered in the Swedish Hernia Register between 1992 and 2007 were cross-linked with all men in the same age group with the diagnosis of male infertility according to the Swedish National Patient Register. The cumulative and expected incidences of infertility were analyzed. Separate multivariate logistic analyses, adjusted for age and years elapsed since the first repair, were performed for men with unilateral and bilateral repair, respectively. Overall, 34,267 men were identified with a history of at least 1 inguinal hernia repair. A total of 233 (0.7%) of these had been given the diagnosis of male infertility after their first operation. We did not find any differences between expected and observed cumulative incidences of infertility in men operated with hernia repair. Men with bilateral hernia repair had a slightly increased risk for infertility when mesh was used on either side. However, the cumulative incidence was less than 1%. Inguinal hernia repair with mesh is not associated with an increased incidence of, or clinically important risk for, male infertility. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamic regulation of cerebral DNA repair genes by psychological stress

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Forsberg, Kristin; Aalling, Nadia; Wörtwein, Gitta

2015-01-01

Neuronal genotoxic insults from oxidative stress constitute a putative molecular link between stress and depression on the one hand, and cognitive dysfunction and dementia risk on the other. Oxidative modifications to DNA are repaired by specific enzymes; a process that plays a critical role...... restraint stress (6h/day) or daily handling (controls), and sacrificed after 1, 7 or 21 stress sessions. The mRNA expression of seven genes (Ogg1, Ape1, Ung1, Neil1, Xrcc1, Ercc1, Nudt1) involved in the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction...

Da qualificação à competência: deslocamento conceitual e individualização do trabalhador.

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Rubens de Araújo Amaro

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Considerando a emergência e ascensão da noção da competência nos discursosacadêmicos e empresariais a partir das duas últimas décadas do século passado,este artigo tem como objetivo central discutir seus efeitos nas relações entre trabalhadorese empresa, com base nas modificações nas dimensões conceitual, social eexperimental da qualificação, com a introdução da noção de competência em umaempresa. Para descrever esse fenômeno, foi realizado um estudo de caso na áreade manutenção de locomotivas de uma grande empresa de mineração e logística.Os dados foram levantados com base em documentos da empresa e em entrevistassemi-estruturadas, e, para sua interpretação, utilizou-se a análise qualitativade conteúdo a partir de categorias preestabelecidas. O estudo revela que os usosda noção de competência na gerência tendem a individualizar as relações entretrabalhadores e empresa a partir do enfraquecimento das dimensões conceituais esociais da qualificação.

CrowdAidRepair: A Crowd-Aided Interactive Data Repairing Method

KAUST Repository

Zhou, Jian

2016-03-25

Data repairing aims at discovering and correcting erroneous data in databases. Traditional methods relying on predefined quality rules to detect the conflict between data may fail to choose the right way to fix the detected conflict. Recent efforts turn to use the power of crowd in data repairing, but the crowd power has its own drawbacks such as high human intervention cost and inevitable low efficiency. In this paper, we propose a crowd-aided interactive data repairing method which takes the advantages of both rule-based method and crowd-based method. Particularly, we investigate the interaction between crowd-based repairing and rule-based repairing, and show that by doing crowd-based repairing to a small portion of values, we can greatly improve the repairing quality of the rule-based repairing method. Although we prove that the optimal interaction scheme using the least number of values for crowd-based repairing to maximize the imputation recall is not feasible to be achieved, still, our proposed solution identifies an efficient scheme through investigating the inconsistencies and the dependencies between values in the repairing process. Our empirical study on three data collections demonstrates the high repairing quality of CrowdAidRepair, as well as the efficiency of the generated interaction scheme over baselines.

Prolonged Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Exposure Suppresses Homologous Recombination Repair in Human Lung Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Browning, Cynthia L; Qin, Qin; Kelly, Deborah F; Prakash, Rohit; Vanoli, Fabio; Jasin, Maria; Wise, John Pierce

2016-09-01

Genomic instability is one of the primary models of carcinogenesis and a feature of almost all cancers. Homologous recombination (HR) repair protects against genomic instability by maintaining high genomic fidelity during the repair of DNA double strand breaks. The defining step of HR repair is the formation of the Rad51 nucleofilament, which facilitates the search for a homologous sequence and invasion of the template DNA strand. Particulate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a human lung carcinogen, induces DNA double strand breaks and chromosome instability. Since the loss of HR repair increases Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability, we investigated the effect of extended Cr(VI) exposure on HR repair. We show acute (24 h) Cr(VI) exposure induces a normal HR repair response. In contrast, prolonged (120 h) exposure to particulate Cr(VI) inhibited HR repair and Rad51 nucleofilament formation. Prolonged Cr(VI) exposure had a profound effect on Rad51, evidenced by reduced protein levels and Rad51 mislocalization to the cytoplasm. The response of proteins involved in Rad51 nuclear import and nucleofilament formation displayed varying responses to prolonged Cr(VI) exposure. BRCA2 formed nuclear foci after prolonged Cr(VI) exposure, while Rad51C foci formation was suppressed. These results suggest that particulate Cr(VI), a major chemical carcinogen, inhibits HR repair by targeting Rad51, causing DNA double strand breaks to be repaired by a low fidelity, Rad51-independent repair pathway. These results further enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability and thus, carcinogenesis. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

New engineering: from knowledge to competences

Science.gov (United States)

Cartagena, M. C.; Tarquis, A. M.; Arce, A.

2009-04-01

One of the main innovations of Bologna system has been to link learning outcomes, ECTS workload based credits and competences. Competences represent a dynamic combination of knowledge, understanding, skills and abilities. Competences can be distinguished in subject specific and generic ones (instrumental, interpersonal and systemic competences). Actually in Spain Engineering degrees are changing to the new University educational system and should aim to satisfy the real needs of European society. This change has been long and complex, particularly. on the issue that have influenced curricular change Consultation with "actors" and "stakeholders", the definition of academic and professionals profiles and the translation of these into desired learning outcomes. Generic competences or transferable skills are relevant for preparing students well for their future role in society in terms of employability and citizenship. The criteria used by the companies to select their engineers are based in a good background and capacity to adapt and to acquire new knowledge, better than specific education, even postgraduate. It was interesting to note the great importance of generic competences However, Spanish government has regulated conditions of core curriculum need for to guarantee the acquisition of the competences needs to exercise the correspondent professional activities. The new degrees should comply with the core curriculum if the graduates want maintain the legal attributions guaranteed actually by the Spanish Professional Associations. After these degrees, students can access to professional master with actually horizontal attributions of regulated professions.

Competence in chronic mental illness: the relevance of practical wisdom.

Science.gov (United States)

Widdershoven, Guy A M; Ruissen, Andrea; van Balkom, Anton J L M; Meynen, Gerben

2017-06-01

The concept of competence is central to healthcare because informed consent can only be obtained from a competent patient. The standard approach to competence focuses on cognitive abilities. Several authors have challenged this approach by emphasising the role of emotions and values. Combining cognition, emotion and values, we suggest an approach which is based on the notion of practical wisdom. This focuses on knowledge and on determining what is important in a specific situation and finding a balance between various values, which are enacted in an individual's personal life. Our approach is illustrated by two cases of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Directions of innovative educational technologies implemented in formation of the students’ competences

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Barabas Dmytro Oleksandrovych

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The article summarizes important competences for the modern specialist. It characterises prior directions in introduction of innovative methods of training at universities. These directions are linked to the core competences of students each direction allows to form. The tools for implementing these directions are specified in the article.

Mutation induction in repair-deficient strains of Drosophila

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wuergler, F.E.; Graf, U.

1980-01-01

Experimental evidence indicates a polygenic control of mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. In oocytes chromosome aberrations detected as half-translocations or dominant lethals depend on a repair system which in a number of genetically nonrelated strains shows different repair capacities. Sister chromatid exchanges are easily studied as ring chromosome losses. They develop through a genotype controlled mechanism from, premutational lesions. Stocks with particular pairs of third chromosomes were discovered in which increased sensitivity of larvae to the toxic effects of a monofunctional alkylating agent correlates with high frequencies of x-ray induced SCE's. Sex-linked mutagen-sensitive mutants could be shown to control mutation fixation: pronounced maternal effects were found when sperm carrying particular types of premutational lesions were introduced into different types of mutant oocytes. The mutant mus(1)101D1 was found to be unable to process lesions induced by the crosslinking agent nitrogen mustard into point mutations. Alkylation damage leads to increased point mutation frequencies in the excision repair deficient mutant mei-9L1, but to reduced frequencies in the post-replication repair deficient mutant mei-41D5. It became clear that the study of maternal effects on mutagenized sperm represents an efficient tool to analyze the gentic control of mutagenesis in the eukaryotic genome of Drosophila melanogaster

Coparenting Competence in Parents of Children with ASD: A Marker of Coparenting Quality.

Science.gov (United States)

May, Chris D; St George, Jennifer M; Fletcher, Richard J; Dempsey, Ian; Newman, Louise K

2017-10-01

The coparenting relationship has been linked to parenting stress, parenting self-efficacy and many other concerns associated with the development of children with ASD. Parents of children with ASD (N = 22) were interviewed to explore three domains of their coparenting relationship; (1) adaptation to the emergence of their child's autism, (2) parenting their child with ASD, (3) expectations for their child's developmental outcomes. The concept of coparenting competence, developed during analysis, describes collective perceptions of parenting efficacy. Parents linked perceptions of coparenting competence to their, ability to cope with diagnosis and parenting, motivation to do what they could for their child, and hopes for their child's development. The concept of coparenting competence could play an important role in future research and intervention.

Intervenções de gestão do stresse da pessoa com doença mental grave

OpenAIRE

Mendes, Marta Marisa Marcelino Gaspar

2012-01-01

Mestrado, Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria, 2012, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa Existe uma forte relação entre a vulnerabilidade e a Doença Mental Grave, em particular na Esquizofrenia, sendo o stresse considerado como um fator de vulnerabilidade das perturbações mentais. A Pessoa com Doença Mental Grave apresenta frequentemente comprometimento das competências para lidar com o stresse, provocando custos consideráveis para a sociedade, com o absenteísmo; a perda de pro...

Mutation of the mouse Syce1 gene disrupts synapsis and suggests a link between synaptonemal complex structural components and DNA repair.

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Ewelina Bolcun-Filas

2009-02-01

Full Text Available In mammals, the synaptonemal complex is a structure required to complete crossover recombination. Although suggested by cytological work, in vivo links between the structural proteins of the synaptonemal complex and the proteins of the recombination process have not previously been made. The central element of the synaptonemal complex is traversed by DNA at sites of recombination and presents a logical place to look for interactions between these components. There are four known central element proteins, three of which have previously been mutated. Here, we complete the set by creating a null mutation in the Syce1 gene in mouse. The resulting disruption of synapsis in these animals has allowed us to demonstrate a biochemical interaction between the structural protein SYCE2 and the repair protein RAD51. In normal meiosis, this interaction may be responsible for promoting homologous synapsis from sites of recombination.

Desempenho cognitivo-linguístico de crianças com fissura labiopalatina em fase de aquisição da leitura e escrita

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Shaday Prudenciatti

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as competências cognitivo-linguísticas necessárias ao aprendizado da leitura e da escrita de crianças com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos: participaram 120 crianças, de 05 e 06 anos, cursando o Jardim II e o 1º ano do ensino fundamental, compondo dois grupos: G1, formado por 60 crianças com fissura labiopalatina, e G2, com 60 crianças sem alterações no desenvolvimento. Empregaram-se as Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, o Perfil de Habilidades Fonológicas e o Boston Naming Test. Resultados: comparando os desempenhos dos grupos, verificou-se diferença estatística nas funções intelectuais, indicando prejuízos nas habilidades cognitivas do G1 (p=0,019. As competências cognitivo-linguísticas foram classificadas “Sob Atenção” para ambos os grupos, sendo mais representativa a defasagem no G1, com 66,7%. Conclusão: as competências linguísticas necessárias para a aquisição da leitura e escrita mostraram-se deficitárias na população fissurada, com níveis de desempenho cognitivo inferior ao esperado para a idade e escolaridade, em grande parte das modalidades avaliadas. Fatores ambientais limitantes e o baixo nível sociocultural da amostra foram sugestivos de interferência adicional à aquisição das pré-competências cognitivo-linguísticas, necessárias ao desempenho satisfatório de tarefas acadêmicas como a leitura e escrita.

El portfolio digital com a facilitador d'una competència informacional diversificada i reflexiva

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Barberà, Elena

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Objectiu: identificació i anàlisi de les categories sobre el coneixement implicades en l'adquisició de la competència informacional potenciades per l'ús d'un portfolio digital/PLE (e-Portfolio/PLE en un àmbit d'educació formal, especialment amb relació al desenvolupament de processos estratègics o condicionals. -- Metodologia: anàlisi qualitativa mitjançant entrevista semiestructurada i atribució de categories amb codificació interjutges i organització dels codis per representar-los quantitativament. L'entrevista es va fer a estudiants de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, Xile, i les competències i la categorització de base utilitzada és la proposada per l'IFLA, amb alguns complements. -- Resultats: en l'educació superior es manifesta una focalització en l'ensenyament i l'aprenentatge de continguts declaratius i procedimentals lligats estretament a la matèria d'estudi, i s'obliden competències més transversals d'alt nivell cognitiu. L'ús de portfolios digitals afavoreix el desenvolupament de competències relacionades amb l'autonomia de l'estudiant. Per això s'ha analitzat la naturalesa i el volum del contingut implicat en el tractament de les competències informacionals per mitjà de l'ús de portfolios digitals/PLE i el lloc que ocupen els processos de caràcter estratègic en l'adquisició del coneixement disciplinari transversal. Ha emergit la necessitat d'ampliar el sistema de categorització de l'IFLA per tal de donar cabuda a processos de reflexió i planificació relacionats amb aquest coneixement estratègic.Objetivo: identificación y análisis de las categorías sobre el conocimiento implicadas en la adquisición de la competencia informacional potenciadas por el uso de un portafolio electrónico o PLE en un ámbito de educación formal, en especial, en relación con el desarrollo de procesos estratégicos o condicionales. -- Metodología: análisis cualitativo mediante

Developing the moral competencies of accounting students: a case study of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM

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Umaru Zubairu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Two decades of financial scandals have seriously damaged the credibility of accountants as guardians of financial information. To repair this credibility, the Malaysian government released a blueprint that mandated Malaysian educational institutions to produce morally competent professionals. This study sought to assist the accounting department at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM in achieving this mandate by evaluating the moral competencies of 2nd-year students enrolled in the department. The evaluation revealed that the students' had below par levels of moral competencies in dealing with ethical dilemmas in an accounting context. The implication of these results is that IIUM's accounting department has to critically assess the ethical content of its curriculum in order to ensure that it is capable of developing the moral competencies of these students to an excellent level. Additionally, there is a need for IIUM to institutionalize the measurement of students' moral competencies so that an objective determination can be made as to how effective the department is in developing the moral competencies of its students. 

Plástica da valva mitral em pacientes com insuficiência mitral reumática: técnicas e resultados de 20 anos Mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients with mitral insuficiency: twenty years of techniques and results

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Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A plástica da valva mitral em pacientes reumáticos permanece um desafio. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a técnica e os resultados da plástica da valva mitral em pacientes com insuficiência mitral reumática. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 330 pacientes portadores de insuficiência mitral reumática submetidos à plástica da valva mitral no Instituto do Coração do HC-FMUSP, entre 1985 e 2005. A idade média foi de 26,9 ± 15,4 anos e 57,6% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. No pré-operatório, 39,5% dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional IV. As técnicas de plástica mais comumente utilizadas foram a anuloplastia posterior com tira de pericárdio bovino em 48,4% dos pacientes e a anuloplastia com anel de Carpentier em 22,6%. As técnicas associadas foram empregadas em 55,2% dos pacientes, sendo as mais comuns: encurtamento de cordas (20% e papilarotomias múltiplas (17,8%. Plástica da valva tricúspide (26,7% e substituição da valva aórtica (27,2% foram os procedimentos associados mais frequentes. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade hospitalar foi 0,9% (três pacientes, sendo dois deles crianças em atividade reumática. As taxas linearizadas de tromboembolismo, endocardite, reoperação e óbito tardio foram de 0,2%, 0,2%, 3,5% e 0,5% pacientes-ano, respectivamente. A sobrevida actuarial foi de 86,4 ± 6,6% em 20 anos. A curva livre de reoperação foi de 30,3 ± 11,1% em 20 anos. CONCLUSÕES: A plástica da valva mitral em pacientes reumáticos é uma técnica factível na correção da insuficiência mitral, com baixa mortalidade operatória.OBJECTIVE: Mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients is still a challenge. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients in the Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School. METHODS: Were analyzed retrospectively, between 1985 and 2005, 330 patients submitted to mitral valve repair in the Heart Institute of

Competências clínicas do enfermeiro assistencial: uma estratégia para gestão de pessoas

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Gisele Knop Aued

2016-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as competências clínicas dos enfermeiros assistenciais de uma organização hospitalar e apreender como os profissionais as adquiriram. Método: estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital privado no sul do Brasil, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, nos meses de maio a junho de 2013, com 20 enfermeiros assistenciais. Resultados: os enfermeiros assistenciais que atuavam por mais tempo em uma mesma unidade de trabalho apresentaram um maior rol de competências clínicas. A aquisição das competências clínicas ocorreu por meio da interação com outros profissionais; no cotidiano da prática de enfermagem; pelas experiências anteriores e pelo aprendizado formal. Considerações finais: a identificação das competências clínicas e o modo como os enfermeiros assistenciais as adquirem podem ser importantes recursos para a gestão de pessoas, que poderá ser utilizado por enfermeiros gestores para melhor alocar esses profissionais e oportunizar o seu desenvolvimento profissional.

Seleção e competências dos expatriados e estratégias de internacionalização: um estudo exploratório de empresas portuguesas

OpenAIRE

Pinheiro, A. P.; Esteves, T. P.; Suleman, F.

2015-01-01

A pesquisa explora a relação entre competências requeridas a um candidato à expatriação e os modelos de gestão internacional. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e exploratória e incide sobre três empresas portuguesas, de diferentes setores, com expatriados em vários países. Os resultados indicam que a liderança e a orientação para os resultados são competências comuns a todos os modelos de gestão, mas há especificidades relacionadas com as competências culturais. Empresas de tipo etnocêntrico...

Competência social, inclusão escolar e autismo: um estudo de caso comparativo

OpenAIRE

Camargo, Síglia Pimentel Höher; Bosa, Cleonice Alves

2012-01-01

A presente pesquisa analisou o perfil de competência social (CS) de uma criança pré-escolar com autismo, na escola comum comparado a uma criança com desenvolvimento típico e investigou a influência do ambiente escolar (sala de aula ou pátio) no perfil de CS de ambas. As interações sociais com seus pares foram filmadas, na escola, e a codificação dos vídeos foi realizada por um avaliador independente. Utilizou-se como instrumento a versão adaptada da Escala Q-sort de CS. Os resultados demonstr...

Competencies of specialised wound care nurses: a European Delphi study.

Science.gov (United States)

Eskes, Anne M; Maaskant, Jolanda M; Holloway, Samantha; van Dijk, Nynke; Alves, Paulo; Legemate, Dink A; Ubbink, Dirk T; Vermeulen, Hester

2014-12-01

Health care professionals responsible for patients with complex wounds need a particular level of expertise and education to ensure optimum wound care. However, uniform education for those working as wound care nurses is lacking. We aimed to reach consensus among experts from six European countries as to the competencies for specialised wound care nurses that meet international professional expectations and educational systems. Wound care experts including doctors, wound care nurses, lecturers, managers and head nurses were invited to contribute to an e-Delphi study. They completed online questionnaires based on the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists framework. Suggested competencies were rated on a 9-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as an agreement of at least 75% for each competence. Response rates ranged from 62% (round 1) to 86% (rounds 2 and 3). The experts reached consensus on 77 (80%) competences. Most competencies chosen belonged to the domain 'scholar' (n = 19), whereas few addressed those associated with being a 'health advocate' (n = 7). Competencies related to professional knowledge and expertise, ethical integrity and patient commitment were considered most important. This consensus on core competencies for specialised wound care nurses may help achieve a more uniform definition and education for specialised wound care nurses. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chromosome End Repair and Genome Stability in Plasmodium falciparum.

Science.gov (United States)

Calhoun, Susannah F; Reed, Jake; Alexander, Noah; Mason, Christopher E; Deitsch, Kirk W; Kirkman, Laura A

2017-08-08

regions of the genome that harbor the multicopy gene families important for virulence and the maintenance of infection. We show that parasites utilize two competing molecular mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks, homologous recombination and de novo telomere addition, with the pathway used being determined by the surrounding DNA sequence. In combination, these two pathways balance the need to maintain genome stability with the selective advantage of generating antigenic diversity. Copyright © 2017 Calhoun et al.

Competências escolares e sociais em crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Williams School and social competencies in children and adolescents with Williams Syndrome

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Ana Yaemi Hayashiuchi

2012-09-01

Full Text Available A Síndrome de Williams (SW é uma doença genética e neurocomportamental causada por uma deleção hemizigótica de múltiplos genes na região cromossômica 7q11-23. Caracteriza-se por alterações cognitivas e comportamentais que interferem no ajustamento psicossocial. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar indicadores comportamentais de habilidades nas áreas social, escolar e de realização de atividades de um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com SW e sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade. A amostra foi composta por 22 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico clínico e genético de SW entre sete e 18 anos, média de idade 11,6 (desvio padrão 3,7 e suas respectivas mães. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram a Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças, o Inventário dos Comportamentos de Crianças e Adolescentes de seis a 18 anos e um Questionário que avaliou presença de sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade baseado nos critérios clínicos para Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade do Manual de Classificação Estatística dos Transtornos Mentais da Associação Americana de Psiquiatria. Os principais resultados apontaram para um elevado número de sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade (90% do total da amostra pontuaram positivamente nesses sinais. Também foram verificados prejuízos graves nas habilidades e competências de desempenho escolar do grupo, diferentemente dos resultados positivos obtidos nas escalas de socialização e prática de esportes. Conclui-se que os resultados positivos encontrados na área social podem agir como fatores protetores para o desenvolvimento de problemas afetivos como isolamento, tristeza, sentimentos de solidão e baixa autoestima.Williams Syndrome (WS is a genetic and neurobehavioral disease caused by a hemizygous deletion of multiples genes in the chromosome region 7q11-23. It is characterized by cognitive and behavioral changes that interfere in psychosocial

Estratégia para o tratamento cirúrgico das anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial com comunicação interventricular: surgical strategy Repair of anomalies of ventriculo-arterial connections

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José Caliani

1989-08-01

Full Text Available Designamos anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial toda a conexão que difere daquela de um coração normal. Dentro desta abordagem, não utilizamos os termos ventrículo direito ou esquerdo com dupla via de saída, Taussig-Bing e transposição das grandes artérias, quando estes estão associados a uma comunicação interventricular. Nestas anomalias, o objetivo da correção é o de conectar o ventrículo esquerdo com a aorta e o ventrículo direito com a artéria pulmonar. A estratégia que escolhemos é baseada na hipótese de que a correção mais simples é aquela que não exige a utilização de um tubo profético, a transferência de coronárias, ou a septação complexa da cavidade ventricular. Baseados na experiência de 162 correções para as anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial, em uma série de 197 pacientes, utilizamos três tipos de correção anatômica: a correção intraventricular (tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta em 35 pacientes, o REV (tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta associada a translocação do tronco pulmonar sobre o ventrículo direito em 78 pacientes, e a operação de Jatene associada ao fechamento da comunicação interventricular em 49 pacientes. O tipo de correção ideal é a correção intraventricular, na qual a simples tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta estabelece uma conexão ventrículo-arterial normal. Quando a correção intraventricular não é possível, nós indicamos o REV em presença de estenose pulmonar e a operação de Jatene na ausência desta. A questão principal é saber quando uma correção intraventricular é realizável. A realização desta é função da distância entre a valva tricúspide e a valva pulmonar. Se esta distância é suficientemente grande (igual ou superior ao diâmetro do orifício aórtico, o túnel intraventricular é realizável; se não, outra modalidade de correção é indicada. Nossa experiência atual sugere que a exploração pr

Physiological and molecular characterization of genetic competence in Streptococcus sanguinis.

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Rodriguez, A M; Callahan, J E; Fawcett, P; Ge, X; Xu, P; Kitten, T

2011-04-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is a major component of the oral flora and an important cause of infective endocarditis. Although S. sanguinis is naturally competent, genome sequencing has suggested significant differences in the S. sanguinis competence system relative to those of other streptococci. An S. sanguinis mutant possessing an in-frame deletion in the comC gene, which encodes competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), was created. Addition of synthetic CSP induced competence in this strain. Gene expression in this strain was monitored by microarray analysis at multiple time-points from 2.5 to 30 min after CSP addition, and verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Over 200 genes were identified whose expression was altered at least two-fold in at least one time point, with the majority upregulated. The 'late' response was typical of that seen in previous studies. However, comparison of the 'early' response in S. sanguinis with that of other oral streptococci revealed unexpected differences with regard to the number of genes induced, the nature of those genes, and their putative upstream regulatory sequences. Streptococcus sanguinis possesses a comparatively limited early response, which may define a minimal streptococcal competence regulatory circuit. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Mechanisms of DNA damage repair in adult stem cells and implications for cancer formation.

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Weeden, Clare E; Asselin-Labat, Marie-Liesse

2018-01-01

Maintenance of genomic integrity in tissue-specific stem cells is critical for tissue homeostasis and the prevention of deleterious diseases such as cancer. Stem cells are subject to DNA damage induced by endogenous replication mishaps or exposure to exogenous agents. The type of DNA lesion and the cell cycle stage will invoke different DNA repair mechanisms depending on the intrinsic DNA repair machinery of a cell. Inappropriate DNA repair in stem cells can lead to cell death, or to the formation and accumulation of genetic alterations that can be transmitted to daughter cells and so is linked to cancer formation. DNA mutational signatures that are associated with DNA repair deficiencies or exposure to carcinogenic agents have been described in cancer. Here we review the most recent findings on DNA repair pathways activated in epithelial tissue stem and progenitor cells and their implications for cancer mutational signatures. We discuss how deep knowledge of early molecular events leading to carcinogenesis provides insights into DNA repair mechanisms operating in tumours and how these could be exploited therapeutically. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Emotional competence relating to perceived stress and burnout in Spanish teachers: a mediator model

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Lourdes Rey; Natalio Extremera; Mario Pena

2016-01-01

This study examined direct associations between emotional competence, perceived stress and burnout in 489 Spanish teachers. In addition, a model in which perceived stress mediated pathways linking emotional competence to teacher burnout symptoms was also examined. Results showed that emotional competence and stress were significantly correlated with teacher burnout symptoms in the expected direction. Moreover, mediational analysis indicated that perceived stress partly mediated the relationsh...

[eLearning-radiology.com--sustainability for quality assurance].

Science.gov (United States)

Ketelsen, D; Talanow, R; Uder, M; Grunewald, M

2009-04-01

The aim of the study was to analyze the availability of published radiological e-learning tools and to establish a solution for quality assurance. Substantial pubmed research was performed to identify radiological e-learning tools. 181 e-learning programs were selected. As examples two databases expanding their programs with external links, Compare (n = 435 external links) and TNT-Radiology (n = 1078 external links), were evaluated. A concept for quality assurance was developed by an international taskforce. At the time of assessment, 56.4 % (102 / 181) of the investigated e-learning tools were accessible at their original URL. A subgroup analysis of programs published 5 to 8 years ago showed significantly inferior availability to programs published 3 to 5 years ago (p eLearning-radiology.com was developed by the taskforce and published online. This tool allows authors to present their programs and users to evaluate the e-learning tools depending on several criteria in order to remove inoperable links and to obtain information about the complexity and quality of the e-learning tools. More than 50 % of investigated radiological e-learning tools on the Internet were not accessible after a period of 5 to 8 years. As a consequence, an independent, international tool for quality assurance was designed and published online under www.eLearning-radiology.com .

Repair competence assay in studies of the influence of environmental exposure to c-PAHs on individual susceptibility to induction of DNA damage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cebulska-Wasilewska, Antonina [Department of Radiation and Environmental Biology, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Cracow (Poland) and Chair of the Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Cracow (Poland)]. E-mail: b7wasile@cyf-kr.edu.pl; Binkova, Blanka [Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Prague (Czech Republic); Sram, Radim J. [Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Prague (Czech Republic); Kalina, Ivan [Department of Molecular Biology of the P.J. Safarik University, Kosice (Slovakia); Popov, Teodor [Department of Toxicology, National Center of Public Health Protection, Sofia (Bulgaria); Farmer, Peter B. [Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, University of Leicester (United Kingdom)

2007-07-01

Previous results from studies performed in three European cities suggested a decrease in DNA repair efficiency observed in lymphocytes of subjects occupationally exposed to environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a relationship between exposure to environmental c-PAHs and cellular vulnerability to the induction of DNA damage and its repair is confirmed in a pooled group of subjects from Prague, Kosice and Sofia. The investigated pool consisted of 144 subjects occupationally exposed to environmental c-PAHs, who were municipal policemen or bus drivers. A control group of 115 matched individuals consisted of males unexposed at work to c-PAHs. The repair efficacy was evaluated by a comparison of the DNA damage detected by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) immediately after challenging the cells with X-ray irradiation, with residual damage (RD) being measured after an incubation period of 60 min. A stochastic concept for a mechanism of the interaction between DNA and various genotoxic exposures, was applied to analyze a relationship between exposure and biological effect in the studied sample. The outcome of the study confirms that the exposure to environmental c-PAHs or smoking cigarettes, significantly decreases DNA repair efficiency (repair efficiency in the pooled group of exposed individuals was 61.8 {+-} 11.8% versus 67.9 {+-} 9.9 in control, p < 0.001, and repair efficiency in group of smoking individuals was 63.0 {+-} 11.5% versus 65.9 {+-} 11.1 in nonsmokers, p < 0.005). The repair efficiency can be affected by a genetic polymorphism, such as subjects with a homozygous mutation in polymorphic CYP1A1{sub (Val/Val)} enzyme, or slow NAT2 acetylators, who showed a considerably lower DNA repair efficiency (i.e. average repair efficiency in subgroups of fast acetylators was for the control subgroup 68.1% versus 66.5% in exposed subjects, while in the case of subgroups of slow

Nurses in post-operative heart surgery: professional competencies and organization strategies.

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Santos, Ana Paula Azevedo; Camelo, Silvia Helena Henriques; Santos, Fabiana Cristina Dos; Leal, Laura Andrian; Silva, Beatriz Regina da

2016-01-01

To analyze nurses' competencies with regard to their work in post-operative heart surgery and the strategies implemented to mobilize these competencies. This was an exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a methodological design of collective case study. It was carried out in three post-operative heart surgery units, consisting of 18 nurses. Direct observation and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. Data were construed through thematic analysis. nine competencies were found, as follows: theoretical-practical knowledge; high-complexity nursing care; nursing supervision; leadership in nursing; decision making; conflict management; personnel management; material and financial resources management; and on-job continued education. Organizational and individual strategies were employed to develop and improve competencies such as regular offerings of courses and lectures, in addition to the individual pursuit for knowledge and improvement. the study is expected to lead future nurses and training centers to evaluate the need for furthur training required to work in cardiac units, and also the need for implementing programs aimed at developing the competencies of these professionals. Analisar as competências dos enfermeiros para atuarem no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e estratégias implementadas para a mobilização dessas competências. Estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e desenho metodológico estudo de caso coletivo. Foi realizado em três unidades pós-operatórias de cirurgias cardíacas, com 18 enfermeiros. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada. Para interpretação dos dados optou-se pela análise temática. Foram identificadas nove competências, sendo: conhecimento teórico-prático, cuidados de enfermagem de alta complexidade, supervisão e liderança em enfermagem, tomada de decisão, gerenciamento de conflitos, de recursos humanos, materiais, financeiros e educa

Radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in Caenorhabditis elegans strains with different mean life spans

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartman, P S; Simpson, V J; Johnson, T; Mitchell, D

1988-06-01

The sensitivities to three DNA damaging agents (UV and ..gamma..-radiation, methyl methanesulfonate) were measured in four recombinant inbred (RI) strains of Caenorhabditis elegans with mean life spans ranging from 13 to 30.9 days, as well as in the wild-type strains used to derive these RI's. Sensitivities at several stages in the developmental cycle were tested. There were no significant correlations between mean life span and the lethal effects of these 3 agents. Excision of two UV-radiation-induced DNA photoproducts was also measured. Long-lived strains were no more repair competent than shorter-lived strains. These data indicate that DNA repair plays at best a minor role in the aging process of C. elegans. 33 refs.; 4 figs.

The competencies of Registered Nurses working in care homes: a modified Delphi study.

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Stanyon, Miriam Ruth; Goldberg, Sarah Elizabeth; Astle, Anita; Griffiths, Amanda; Gordon, Adam Lee

2017-07-01

registered Nurses (RNs) working in UK care homes receive most of their training in acute hospitals. At present the role of care home nursing is underdeveloped and it is seen as a low status career. We describe here research to define core competencies for RNs working in UK care homes. a two-stage process was adopted. A systematic literature review and focus groups with stakeholders provided an initial list of competencies. The competency list was modified over three rounds of a Delphi process with a multi-disciplinary expert panel of 28 members. twenty-two competencies entered the consensus process, all competencies were amended and six split. Thirty-one competencies were scored in round two, eight were agreed as essential, one competency was split into two. Twenty-four competencies were submitted for scoring in round three. In total, 22 competencies were agreed as essential for RNs working in care homes. A further 10 competencies did not reach consensus. the output of this study is an expert-consensus list of competencies for RNs working in care homes. This would be a firm basis on which to build a curriculum for this staff group. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society.All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Innovation of education for the development of key competencies of university graduates

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Struková Zuzana

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Competency-based education is a new trend in the process of teaching to support and develop the com­petencies of graduates. This challenge of the European Union aimed at changes in learning processes contrib­utes to improvement in the educational qualifications of the population. Recently, in Europe and Slovakia, several research studies aimed at key competencies of graduates have been conducted. This paper provides the results of the study aimed at identification of key competencies of graduates of the study program Construction Technology and Management. A proposal for innovations in learning forms is presented as an output of the national project “Universities as Engines of Knowledge Society Development”. The innovations will influence the development of profes­sion-specific and transferable competencies of graduates of the aforementioned study program at the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Technical University of Košice, Slovakia.

Doctor Competence and the Demand for Healthcare: Evidence from Rural China.

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Fe, Eduardo; Powell-Jackson, Timothy; Yip, Winnie

2017-10-01

The agency problem between patients and doctors has long been emphasised in the health economics literature, but the empirical evidence on whether patients can evaluate and respond to better quality care remains mixed and inconclusive. Using household data linked to an assessment of village doctors' clinical competence in rural China, we show that there is no correlation between doctor competence and patients' healthcare utilisation, with confidence intervals reasonably tight around zero. Household perceptions of quality are an important determinant of care-seeking behaviour, yet patients appear unable to recognise more competent doctors - there is no relationship between doctor competence and perceptions of quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Characterization of a mutant rat kangaroo cell line with alterations in the cell cycle and DNA repair

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Miyaji E.N.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Using a positive selection system for isolating DNA replication and repair related mutants, we isolated a clone from a rat kangaroo cell line (PtK2 that has increased sensitivity to UV light. Characterization of this clone indicated normal post-replication repair after UV irradiation, and normal removal rates of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine(6-4pyrimidone photoproducts by excision repair. However, this cell line has decreased ability to make early incisions on damaged DNA, possibly indicating a defect in preferential repair of actively transcribed genes, and a slower cell proliferation rate, including a longer S-phase. This phenotype reinforces the present notion that control of key mechanisms in cell metabolism, such as cell cycle control, repair, transcription and cell death, can be linked.

Factor structure of the Japanese Interpersonal Competence Scale.

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Matsudaira, Tomomi; Fukuhara, Taihei; Kitamura, Toshinori

2008-04-01

Assessing social competence is important for clinical and preventive interventions of depression. The aim of the present paper was to examine the factor structure of the Japanese Interpersonal Competence Scale (JICS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the survey responses of 730 participants. Simultaneous multigroup analyses were conducted to confirm factor stability across psychological health status and sex differences. Two factors, which represent Perceptive Ability and Self-Restraint, were confirmed to show a moderate correlation. Perceptive Ability involves a more cognitive aspect of social competence, while Self-Restraint involves a more behavioral aspect, both of which are considered to reflect the emotion-based relating style specific to the Japanese people: indulgent dependence (amae) and harmony (wa). In addition, Self-Restraint may be linked to social functioning. Both constructs may confound a respondent's perceived confidence. Despite its shortcomings, the JICS is a unique measure of social competence in the Japanese cultural context.

Repairable-conditionally repairable damage model based on dual Poisson processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lind, B K; Persson, L M; Edgren, M R; Hedlöf, I; Brahme, A

2003-09-01

The advent of intensity-modulated radiation therapy makes it increasingly important to model the response accurately when large volumes of normal tissues are irradiated by controlled graded dose distributions aimed at maximizing tumor cure and minimizing normal tissue toxicity. The cell survival model proposed here is very useful and flexible for accurate description of the response of healthy tissues as well as tumors in classical and truly radiobiologically optimized radiation therapy. The repairable-conditionally repairable (RCR) model distinguishes between two different types of damage, namely the potentially repairable, which may also be lethal, i.e. if unrepaired or misrepaired, and the conditionally repairable, which may be repaired or may lead to apoptosis if it has not been repaired correctly. When potentially repairable damage is being repaired, for example by nonhomologous end joining, conditionally repairable damage may require in addition a high-fidelity correction by homologous repair. The induction of both types of damage is assumed to be described by Poisson statistics. The resultant cell survival expression has the unique ability to fit most experimental data well at low doses (the initial hypersensitive range), intermediate doses (on the shoulder of the survival curve), and high doses (on the quasi-exponential region of the survival curve). The complete Poisson expression can be approximated well by a simple bi-exponential cell survival expression, S(D) = e(-aD) + bDe(-cD), where the first term describes the survival of undamaged cells and the last term represents survival after complete repair of sublethal damage. The bi-exponential expression makes it easy to derive D(0), D(q), n and alpha, beta values to facilitate comparison with classical cell survival models.

Adaptive growth factor delivery from a polyelectrolyte coating promotes synergistic bone tissue repair and reconstruction

Science.gov (United States)

Shah, Nisarg J.; Hyder, Md. Nasim; Quadir, Mohiuddin A.; Dorval Courchesne, Noémie-Manuelle; Seeherman, Howard J.; Nevins, Myron; Spector, Myron; Hammond, Paula T.

2014-01-01

Traumatic wounds and congenital defects that require large-scale bone tissue repair have few successful clinical therapies, particularly for craniomaxillofacial defects. Although bioactive materials have demonstrated alternative approaches to tissue repair, an optimized materials system for reproducible, safe, and targeted repair remains elusive. We hypothesized that controlled, rapid bone formation in large, critical-size defects could be induced by simultaneously delivering multiple biological growth factors to the site of the wound. Here, we report an approach for bone repair using a polyelectrolye multilayer coating carrying as little as 200 ng of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB that were eluted over readily adapted time scales to induce rapid bone repair. Based on electrostatic interactions between the polymer multilayers and growth factors alone, we sustained mitogenic and osteogenic signals with these growth factors in an easily tunable and controlled manner to direct endogenous cell function. To prove the role of this adaptive release system, we applied the polyelectrolyte coating on a well-studied biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) support membrane. The released growth factors directed cellular processes to induce bone repair in a critical-size rat calvaria model. The released growth factors promoted local bone formation that bridged a critical-size defect in the calvaria as early as 2 wk after implantation. Mature, mechanically competent bone regenerated the native calvaria form. Such an approach could be clinically useful and has significant benefits as a synthetic, off-the-shelf, cell-free option for bone tissue repair and restoration. PMID:25136093

Theoretical approach of complex DNA lesions: from formation to repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bignon, Emmanuelle

2017-01-01

This thesis work is focused on the theoretical modelling of DNA damages, from formation to repair. Several projects have been led in this framework, which can be sorted into three different parts. One on hand, we studied complex DNA reactivity. It included a study about 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine (8oxoG) mechanisms of formation, a project concerning the UV-induced pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone (6-4PP) endogenous photo-sensitizer features, and another one about DNA photo-sensitization by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e. ketoprofen and ibuprofen). On the other hand, we investigated mechanical properties of damaged DNA. The structural signature of a DNA lesion is of major importance for their repair, unfortunately only few NMR and X-ray structures of such systems are available. In order to gain insights into their dynamical structure, we investigated a series of complex damages: clustered abasic sites, interstrand cross-links, and the 6-4PP photo-lesion. Likewise, we studied the interaction modes DNA with several polyamines, which are well known to interact with the double helix, but also with the perspective to model DNA-protein cross-linking. The third part concerned the study of DNA interactions with repair enzymes. In line with the structural study about clustered abasic sites, we investigated the dynamics of the same system, but this time interacting with the APE1 endonuclease. We also studied interactions between the Fpg glycosylase with an oligonucleotides containing tandem 8-oxoG on one hand and 8-oxoG - abasic site as multiply damaged sites. Thus, we shed new lights on damaged DNA reactivity, structure and repair, which provides perspectives for biomedicine and life's mechanisms understanding as we begin to describe nucleosomal DNA. (author)

O desenvolvimento das competências coletivas no terceiro setor

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Lorena Tello‐Gamarra

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Dentro da abordagem de competências que se focam na gestão de recursos humanos, a abordagem de competências coletivas é uma área de pesquisa emergente. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é compreender as competências coletivas em um projeto voluntário do terceiro setor. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso, tendo como objeto de estudo o terceiro setor, mais especificamente um projeto social. Para isto, se fez a escolha da Organização Não Governamental Parceiros Voluntários (PV com o projeto «Desenvolvimento de Princípios de Transparência e Prestação de Contas em Organizações da Sociedade Civil». Entre os resultados teóricos se identificaram 7 dimensões das competências coletivas. No que tange aos resultados empíricos referidos ao entendimento das competências coletivas no projeto voluntário do terceiro setor, observaram‐se 4 resultados: (1 todas as dimensões das competências coletivas foram comprovadas no projeto; (2 essas dimensões conseguiram ser determinantes para o desempenho do projeto, (3 as 7 dimensões influenciaram também o desempenho de toda a ONG, (4 as dimensões das competências coletivas do projeto contribuíram para que as organizações sociais pratiquem os princípios da transparência e da prestação de contas em suas atividades. Finalmente, o fato da confirmação das dimensões das competências coletivas como elemento‐chave do desenvolvimento abre a possiblidade de avançar na operacionalização deste construto.

O bibliotecário e a competência informacional: prática profissional e aspectos curriculares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Greyciane Souza Lins

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre habilidades e práticas do bibliotecário consideradas competências informacionais a serem desenvolvidas através da sua formação acadêmica. Por meio da aplicação do método Delphi, especialistas envolvidos no tema competência informacional opinaram sobre o cotidiano do bibliotecário em suas atividades e a relação com a definição de competência informacional. Conclui-se que os conteúdos ensinados devem ser formulados de forma que tópicos relacionados à competência informacional sejam adaptados e enfatizados para a prática discente e futuramente profissional.

Prospective study of single-stage repair of contaminated hernias using a biologic porcine tissue matrix: the RICH Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Itani, Kamal M F; Rosen, Michael; Vargo, Daniel; Awad, Samir S; Denoto, George; Butler, Charles E

2012-09-01

In the presence of contamination, the repair of a ventral incisional hernia (VIH) is challenging. The presence of comorbidities poses an additional risk for postoperative wound events and hernia recurrence. To date, very few studies describe the outcomes of VIH repair in this high-risk population. A prospective, multicenter, single-arm, the Repair of Infected or Contaminated Hernias study was performed to study the clinical outcomes of open VIH repair of contaminated abdominal defects with a non-cross-linked, porcine, acellular dermal matrix, Strattice. Of 85 patients who consented to participate, 80 underwent open VIH repair with Strattice. Hernia defects were 'clean-contaminated' (n = 39), 'contaminated' (n = 39), or 'dirty' (n = 2), and the defects were classified as grade 3 (n = 60) or grade 4 (n = 20). The midline was restored, and primary closure was achieved in 64 patients; the defect was bridged in 16 patients. At 24 months, 53 patients (66%) experienced 95 wound events. There were 28 unique, infection-related events in 24 patients. Twenty-two patients experienced seromas, all but 5 of which were transient and required no intervention. No unanticipated adverse events occurred, and no tissue matrix required complete excision. There were 22 hernia (28%) recurrences by month 24. There was no correlation between infection-related events and hernia recurrence. The use of the intact, non-cross-linked, porcine, acellular dermal matrix, Strattice, in the repair of contaminated VIH in high-risk patients allowed for successful, single-stage reconstruction in >70% of patients followed for 24 months after repair. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Theory of mind in middle childhood: Longitudinal associations with executive function and social competence.

Science.gov (United States)

Devine, Rory T; White, Naomi; Ensor, Rosie; Hughes, Claire

2016-05-01

The vast majority of studies on theory of mind (ToM) have focused on the preschool years. Extending the developmental scope of ToM research presents opportunities to both reassess theoretical accounts of ToM and test its predictive utility. The twin aims of this longitudinal study were to examine developmental relations between ToM, executive function (EF), and teacher-rated social competence in middle childhood. One hundred thirty-seven children (69 males) were followed across a 4-year period spanning middle childhood (M ages at Waves 1 and 2 = 6.05, SD = .35, and 10.81, SD = .35, respectively). Individual differences in ToM were moderately stable across middle childhood. Although there were concurrent associations between ToM and EF at both time points, there were no longitudinal links between these constructs. In contrast, there were concurrent and longitudinal links between ToM and teacher-rated social competence, such that individual differences in ToM predicted later social competence at school. These results are discussed in light of competing theories about the links between ToM and EF and the importance of individual differences in ToM for children's social lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Tissue repair capacity and repair kinetics deduced from multifractionated or continuous irradiation regimens with incomplete repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thames, H.D. Jr.; Peters, L.J.

1984-01-01

A model is proposed for cell survival after multiple doses, when the interfraction interval is insufficient for complete Elkind repair. In the limit of ever-increasing number of ever-smaller fractional doses, the model transforms into the accumulation model of survival after continuous irradiation. When adapted to describe tissue responses to isoeffective multifractionated regimens, wherein repair is incomplete, a generalization of the usually linear plot of reciprocal total dose versus dose per fraction is obtained, in which downward curvature is evident. There is an advantage in studying tissue responses to multifractionated regimens with incomplete repair in the interfraction intervals, or continuous exposures at various dose rates since, in addition to determination of repair capacity, there is an estimate of repair kinetics. Results of analyses of previously published data are presented as illustration. Estimated from the response of three acutely responding normal tissues in the mouse (jejunum, colon and bone marrow), repair halftimes ranged from 0.3-0.9 h and values of β/delta were approximately 0.1 Gy -1 . From the response of mouse lung (LD50 for pneumonitis) to multifractionated regimens with incomplete repair, the repair halftime was estimated at 1.5 h and β/delta was 0.27 Gy -1 . In the rat spinal cord β/delta was 0.7 Gy -1 and Tsub(1/2) was 1.5 h. (U.K.)

Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair

Science.gov (United States)

Fellows, Christopher R.; Matta, Csaba; Zakany, Roza; Khan, Ilyas M.; Mobasheri, Ali

2016-01-01

Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum, and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities, and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple “one size fits all,” but more likely an array of solutions that need to be applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue. PMID:28066501

Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair

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Christopher Fellows

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple ‘one size fits all’, but more likely an array of solutions that need to applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue.

Repair competence assay in studies of the influence of environmental exposure to c-PAHs on individual susceptibility to induction of DNA damage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cebulska-Wasilewska, Antonina; Binkova, Blanka; Sram, Radim J.; Kalina, Ivan; Popov, Teodor; Farmer, Peter B.

2007-01-01

Previous results from studies performed in three European cities suggested a decrease in DNA repair efficiency observed in lymphocytes of subjects occupationally exposed to environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a relationship between exposure to environmental c-PAHs and cellular vulnerability to the induction of DNA damage and its repair is confirmed in a pooled group of subjects from Prague, Kosice and Sofia. The investigated pool consisted of 144 subjects occupationally exposed to environmental c-PAHs, who were municipal policemen or bus drivers. A control group of 115 matched individuals consisted of males unexposed at work to c-PAHs. The repair efficacy was evaluated by a comparison of the DNA damage detected by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) immediately after challenging the cells with X-ray irradiation, with residual damage (RD) being measured after an incubation period of 60 min. A stochastic concept for a mechanism of the interaction between DNA and various genotoxic exposures, was applied to analyze a relationship between exposure and biological effect in the studied sample. The outcome of the study confirms that the exposure to environmental c-PAHs or smoking cigarettes, significantly decreases DNA repair efficiency (repair efficiency in the pooled group of exposed individuals was 61.8 ± 11.8% versus 67.9 ± 9.9 in control, p (Val/Val) enzyme, or slow NAT2 acetylators, who showed a considerably lower DNA repair efficiency (i.e. average repair efficiency in subgroups of fast acetylators was for the control subgroup 68.1% versus 66.5% in exposed subjects, while in the case of subgroups of slow acetylators, for the control group was 68.0% versus significantly less in the exposed subjects, 60.6%, p < 0.05). Smoking habits, or the diet's vitamin content, significantly affected the process. The results obtained confirm a potential value of the method as a biomarker of

Comparing Biomechanical Properties, Repair Times, and Value of Common Core Flexor Tendon Repairs.

Science.gov (United States)

Chauhan, Aakash; Schimoler, Patrick; Miller, Mark C; Kharlamov, Alexander; Merrell, Gregory A; Palmer, Bradley A

2018-05-01

The aim of the study was to compare biomechanical strength, repair times, and repair values for zone II core flexor tendon repairs. A total of 75 fresh-frozen human cadaveric flexor tendons were harvested from the index through small finger and randomized into one of 5 repair groups: 4-stranded cross-stitch cruciate (4-0 polyester and 4-0 braided suture), 4-stranded double Pennington (2-0 knotless barbed suture), 4-stranded Pennington (4-0 double-stranded braided suture), and 6-stranded modified Lim-Tsai (4-0 looped braided suture). Repairs were measured in situ and their repair times were measured. Tendons were linearly loaded to failure and multiple biomechanical values were measured. The repair value was calculated based on operating room costs, repair times, and suture costs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc statistical analysis were used to compare repair data. The braided cruciate was the strongest repair ( P > .05) but the slowest ( P > .05), and the 4-stranded Pennington using double-stranded suture was the fastest ( P > .05) to perform. The total repair value was the highest for braided cruciate ( P > .05) compared with all other repairs. Barbed suture did not outperform any repairs in any categories. The braided cruciate was the strongest of the tested flexor tendon repairs. The 2-mm gapping and maximum load to failure for this repair approached similar historical strength of other 6- and 8-stranded repairs. In this study, suture cost was negligible in the overall repair cost and should be not a determining factor in choosing a repair.

Genetic evidence for inducibility of recombination competence in yeast

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabre, F.; Roman, H.

1977-01-01

Recombination between unirradiated chromosomes was induced by UV or x-ray irradiation of haploids followed by a mating with heteroallelic diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The selected event of intragenic recombination did not involve the participation of the irradiated chromosome and apparently was not caused by lesions introduced into the unirradiated chromosomes by some indirect process. The results favor the idea that recombination is repressed in the majority of vegetative cells and that one effect of radiation is the release of some factor(s) necessary for recombination. Consequently, the proportion of competent cells (i.e., cells able to recombine) in the population increases. This competent state seems necessary not only for the recombinational repair of radiation-induced lesions but also, since recombinants are produced in the absence of such lesions, for spontaneous recombination. Photoreactivation of the UV-irradiated haploids led to a decrease in the production of recombinants. Hence, lesions in the DNA appear to be responsible for the induction of the recombinational ability

Competências e habilidades cognitivas: diferentes definições dos mesmos construtos

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Primi Ricardo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Recentemente, os programas de avaliação implementados pelo governo brasileiro têm chamado a atenção para uma dimensão humana com uma longa tradição de pesquisa na Psicologia, as habilidades cognitivas. Neste artigo procura-se analisar o modelo conceitual de habilidades e competências subjacente ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM e compará-lo com os modelos contemporâneos da inteligência humana pela ótica da psicometria e psicologia cognitiva. Embora empreguem terminologias diferentes, os modelos referem-se a dimensões comuns da capacidade humana, nomeadamente a inteligência fluida e cristalizada mas ainda faltam estudos de validade de construto para evidenciar com mais clareza o que o ENEM avalia.

Distribution of DNA repair-related ESTs in sugarcane

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W.C. Lima

2001-12-01

Full Text Available DNA repair pathways are necessary to maintain the proper genomic stability and ensure the survival of the organism, protecting it against the damaging effects of endogenous and exogenous agents. In this work, we made an analysis of the expression patterns of DNA repair-related genes in sugarcane, by determining the EST (expressed sequence tags distribution in the different cDNA libraries of the SUCEST transcriptome project. Three different pathways - photoreactivation, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair - were investigated by employing known DNA repair proteins as probes to identify homologous ESTs in sugarcane, by means of computer similarity search. The results showed that DNA repair genes may have differential expressions in tissues, depending on the pathway studied. These in silico data provide important clues on the potential variation of gene expression, to be confirmed by direct biochemical analysis.As vias de reparo de DNA são requeridas para manter a necessária estabilidade genômica e garantir a sobrevivência do organismo, frente aos efeitos deletérios causados por fatores endógenos e exógenos. Neste trabalho, realizamos a análise dos padrões de expressão dos genes de reparo de DNA encontrados na cana-de-açúcar, pela determinação da distribuição de ESTs nas diferentes bibliotecas de cDNA no projeto de transcriptoma SUCEST. Três vias de reparo - fotorreativação, reparo por excisão de bases e reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos - foram estudadas através do uso de proteínas de reparo como sondas para identificação de ESTs homólogos em cana-de-açúcar, com base na procura computacional de similaridade. Os resultados indicam que os genes de reparo de DNA possuem uma expressão diferencial nos tecidos, dependendo da via de reparo analisada. Esses dados in silico fornecem importantes indícios da expressão diferencial, a qual deve ser confirmada por análises bioquímicas diretas.

Analyzing the competences of production engineering graduates: an industry perspective

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Patrícia Fernanda dos Santos

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract This paper aims at conducting an analysis the competences of production engineering graduates, building on an industry view. To this end, we conducted a survey addressing 103 medium and large companies within the Brazilian manufacturing industry. The results suggest that companies do recognize the importance of competences. Some gaps in the competences of graduates were also pointed out by respondents. This study suggests the need for the development of efforts for providing the production engineer with a better professional background. The links between university and industry are likely to contribute towards such direction, notably as a starting point for institutions and industries to foster their student’s competences, aiming their aptitude for an ever-competitive job market, which values the flexible, creative being, who is capable of creating innovative solutions.

Genes on chromosomes 1 and 4 in the mouse are associated with repair of radiation-induced chromatin damage.

Science.gov (United States)

Potter, M; Sanford, K K; Parshad, R; Tarone, R E; Price, F M; Mock, B; Huppi, K

1988-04-01

Early-passage skin fibroblasts from different inbred and congenic strains of mice were X-irradiated (1 Gy), and the number of chromatid breaks was determined at 2.0 h after irradiation. The cells from DBA/2N, C3H/HeN, STS/A, C57BL/6N, BALB/cJ, and AKR/N had 25 to 42 chromatid breaks per 100 metaphase cells (efficient repair phenotype). NZB/NJ had greater than 78 and BALB/cAn had 87 to 110 chromatid breaks per 100 cells (inefficient repair phenotype). Differences between BALB/cAn and BALB/c. DBA/2 congenic strains which carry less than 1% of the DBA/2 genome indicate that two genes, one on chromosome 1 linked to bcl-2-Pep-3 and the other on chromosome 4 closely linked to Fv-1, affect the efficiency with which the cells repair radiation-induced chromatin damage.

O bibliotecário e a competência informacional: prática profissional e aspectos curriculares

OpenAIRE

Greyciane Souza Lins

2011-01-01

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre habilidades e práticas do bibliotecário consideradas competências informacionais a serem desenvolvidas através da sua formação acadêmica. Por meio da aplicação do método Delphi, especialistas envolvidos no tema competência informacional opinaram sobre o cotidiano do bibliotecário em suas atividades e a relação com a definição de competência informacional. Conclui-se que os conteúdos ensinados devem ser formulados de forma que tópicos r...

Competitive repair by naturally dispersed repetitive DNA during non-allelic homologous recombination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoang, Margaret L.; Tan, Frederick J.; Lai, David C.; Celniker, Sue E.; Hoskins, Roger A.; Dunham, Maitreya J.; Zheng, Yixian; Koshland, Douglas

2010-08-27

Genome rearrangements often result from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between repetitive DNA elements dispersed throughout the genome. Here we systematically analyze NAHR between Ty retrotransposons using a genome-wide approach that exploits unique features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae purebred and Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Saccharomyces bayanus hybrid diploids. We find that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce NAHR-dependent rearrangements using Ty elements located 12 to 48 kilobases distal to the break site. This break-distal recombination (BDR) occurs frequently, even when allelic recombination can repair the break using the homolog. Robust BDR-dependent NAHR demonstrates that sequences very distal to DSBs can effectively compete with proximal sequences for repair of the break. In addition, our analysis of NAHR partner choice between Ty repeats shows that intrachromosomal Ty partners are preferred despite the abundance of potential interchromosomal Ty partners that share higher sequence identity. This competitive advantage of intrachromosomal Tys results from the relative efficiencies of different NAHR repair pathways. Finally, NAHR generates deleterious rearrangements more frequently when DSBs occur outside rather than within a Ty repeat. These findings yield insights into mechanisms of repeat-mediated genome rearrangements associated with evolution and cancer.

Competitive repair by naturally dispersed repetitive DNA during non-allelic homologous recombination.

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Margaret L Hoang

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Genome rearrangements often result from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR between repetitive DNA elements dispersed throughout the genome. Here we systematically analyze NAHR between Ty retrotransposons using a genome-wide approach that exploits unique features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae purebred and Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Saccharomyces bayanus hybrid diploids. We find that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs induce NAHR-dependent rearrangements using Ty elements located 12 to 48 kilobases distal to the break site. This break-distal recombination (BDR occurs frequently, even when allelic recombination can repair the break using the homolog. Robust BDR-dependent NAHR demonstrates that sequences very distal to DSBs can effectively compete with proximal sequences for repair of the break. In addition, our analysis of NAHR partner choice between Ty repeats shows that intrachromosomal Ty partners are preferred despite the abundance of potential interchromosomal Ty partners that share higher sequence identity. This competitive advantage of intrachromosomal Tys results from the relative efficiencies of different NAHR repair pathways. Finally, NAHR generates deleterious rearrangements more frequently when DSBs occur outside rather than within a Ty repeat. These findings yield insights into mechanisms of repeat-mediated genome rearrangements associated with evolution and cancer.

The Seed Repair Response during Germination: Disclosing Correlations between DNA Repair, Antioxidant Response, and Chromatin Remodeling in Medicago truncatula

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Andrea Pagano

2017-11-01

THE MYST FAMILY and MtADA2A (TRANSCRIPTIONAL ADAPTOR showed tissue- and dose-dependent fluctuations in transcript levels. PCA (Principal Component Analysis and correlation analyses suggest for a new putative link between DNA repair and chromatin remodeling that involves MtOGG1 and MtTRRAP genes, in the context of seed germination. Interesting correlations also connect DNA repair and chromatin remodeling with antioxidant players and proliferation markers.

Desafios e perspectivas da gestão por competência na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

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Carla Cristina Dutra Burigo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2013v6n1p197 O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como se desenvolveu o processo de implantação da Gestão por Competência na UFSC, no período de maio/2008 a maio/2012 com a homologação do Decreto nº 5.707, de 23 de fevereiro de 2006, (BRASIL, 2006 por meio da visão dos gestores administrativos. Com o advento do neoliberalismo, na década de 90, surgem novas práticas de gestão que buscam a competitividade e um comportamento estratégico dos trabalhadores em busca de resultados concretos. O Decreto nº 5.707/2006 (BRASIL, 2006, vem delimitar uma ação estratégica gerencial neste sentido, por meio da Gestão por Competência. Este estudo caracteriza-se por um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, fundamentado teoricamente e metodologicamente na busca das causas mediatas e imediatas do fenômeno investigado, com o intuito de compreender as representações historicamente intrínsecas no desenvolvimento deste fenômeno. A partir dos resultados desta pesquisa, é possível identificar como principais desafios diante do processo de implantação da Gestão por Competência na UFSC, uma maior interação no gerenciamento entre as ações da área de Gestão de Pessoas e a área de Planejamento, com vistas ao processo de desenvolvimento Institucional, bem como, delinear diretrizes identificando que universidade estamos construindo e que universidade desejamos construir.

Impact of DNA repair on the dose-response of colorectal cancer formation induced by dietary carcinogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Fahrer, Jörg; Kaina, Bernd

2017-08-01

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers, which is causally linked to dietary habits, notably the intake of processed and red meat. Processed and red meat contain dietary carcinogens, including heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) and N-nitroso compounds (NOC). NOC are agents that induce various N-methylated DNA adducts and O 6 -methylguanine (O 6 -MeG), which are removed by base excision repair (BER) and O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), respectively. HCAs such as the highly mutagenic 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) cause bulky DNA adducts, which are removed from DNA by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Both O 6 -MeG and HCA-induced DNA adducts are linked to the occurrence of KRAS and APC mutations in colorectal tumors of rodents and humans, thereby driving CRC initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on DNA repair pathways removing DNA lesions induced by NOC and HCA and assess their role in protecting against mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in the large intestine. We further discuss the impact of DNA repair on the dose-response relationship in colorectal carcinogenesis in view of recent studies, demonstrating the existence of 'no effect' point of departures (PoDs), i.e. thresholds for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The available data support the threshold concept for NOC with DNA repair being causally involved. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE: MONITORING PRINCIPLES

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Olena Ishutina

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The paper substantiates the necessity and importance of the organization of prospective primary school teachers’ foreign language sociocultural competence monitoring in the educational process of high school. The author notes that prospective primary school teachers’ foreign language sociocultural competence is inseparably linked with linguomethodological competence. It is proved that the measurement of foreign language sociocultural competence of primary school foreign language teachers should be performed in the process of lingvomethodological training of the students as lingvomethodological competence occupies a dominant place and is a unifying and a backbone for other competencies of the future teacher’s professiogram. In this regard, the concept of “foreign language sociocultural competence of prospective primary school teacher” is clarified, the essence of lingvomethodological monitoring of foreign language sociocultural competence is revealed. It is emphasized that linguistic disciplines (“The practice of oral and written language”, “Practical grammar of a foreign language”, “Practical phonetics of a foreign language”, etc. and linguomethodological courses (“Methods of teaching English at primary school”, “ICT in learning foreign languages”, “Innovative technologies of learning foreign languages”, etc. play very important role in forming “foreign language sociocultural competence of prospective primary school teacher”. Specific principles of lingvomethodological monitoring of foreign language sociocultural competence are identified and characterized. They are complexity, lingvomethodological orientation, validity, multi-vector monitoring procedures.

USING THE OUTSOURCING MECHANISM TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE IN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES

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Elena I. Kozlova

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract. Objectives The aim of the work is to study the outsourcing mechanism from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of repair and maintenance at a metallurgical enterprise. Method Analysis of the experience of using outsourcing of repair services at domestic and foreign metallurgical enterprises was carried out. Analysis of the experience of the withdrawal from enterprise repair services into a separate outsourcing company has shown that the main advantages of this method of organising repair activities are an increase in the transparency of the costs of repairs and maintenance, and hence their reduction, as well as a reduction in the amount of equipment downtime. The main characteristics of outsourcing were revealed, substantiating its expediency. The restructuring of the repair system provides a step-by-step transition from decentralised to centralised structures of technical, mechanical, power and electrical repair services of enterprises, from the principle of "self-service" to the principle of "proprietary service" by isolating the subdivisions of the repair system from the structure of enterprises and creating competing members of the repair services market. Put another way, this is typified by moving away from the status of auxiliary production to a selfdependent activity. The stages of outsourcing the repair services of the enterprise are considered and possible problems that may arise in the course of the work of a working group are established to determine the suitability of outsourcing and to resolve the numerous issues arising from the transfer of repair functions. Results The findings of the research include approaches developed for overcoming risky situations: providing guarantees from the customer and the contractor and indicating them in the contract, increasing the motivation of the outsourcing company through a key performance indicator that should increase the interest of the performer in providing quality

Desenvolvendo um processo de análise de investimentos baseado em competências Developping an investimento analysis process based on competences

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Ronald Nieweglowski

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O conjunto de competências organizacionais que uma empresa emprega na realização de suas operações, potencialmente define sua capacidade de realizar uma determinada estratégia de negócios. O presente artigo se propõe a desenvolver um processo para a análise de projetos de investimento baseado em competências. O estudo se desenrola no âmbito das pequenas empresas e se aplica a projetos de expansão da capacidade. A abordagem desenvolvida fundamenta-se na construção de um framework teórico-conceitual, sendo este refinado por um conjunto de entrevistas realizadas com especialistas. Participam das entrevistas três analistas pleno de investimento e três acadêmicos das áreas de gestão estratégica de operações e gestão econômica da produção. O processo desenvolvido é testado em casos de simulação que se utilizam de dados obtidos de três projetos de investimento analisados por um banco de desenvolvimento, no período de março de 2002 a setembro de 2003. Os casos se distribuem entre os setores de manufatura, comércio de serviços. O resultado do trabalho é um processo de análise de investimentos que usa o conceito de competências empresariais para avaliar a capacidade de uma empresa em gerar resultados. O processo desenvolvido vincula recursos e competências à estratégia empresarial adotada, avaliando as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento da estratégia. O estudo é de natureza exploratória e, portanto, não permite generalizações. Há necessidade de se ampliar o número de simulações e testar o uso do processo com diferentes analistas de investimento. A principal implicação prática do trabalho reside no fato de se propor um procedimento estruturado para a análise de projetos de investimento para pequenas empresas, dadas as dificuldades de se obter informações econômico-financeiras destas empresas. A pesquisa realizada contribui para o desenvolvimento de metodologias para análise de projetos

Brain aneurysm repair

Science.gov (United States)

... aneurysm repair; Dissecting aneurysm repair; Endovascular aneurysm repair - brain; Subarachnoid hemorrhage - aneurysm ... Your scalp, skull, and the coverings of the brain are opened. A metal clip is placed at ...

The role of the HCR system in the repair of lethal lesions of Bacillus subtilis phages and their transfecting DNA damaged by radiation and alkylating agents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vizdalova, M.; Janovska, E.; Zhestyanikov, V.D.

1980-01-01

The role of the HCR system in the repair of prelethal lesions induced by UV light, γ radiation and alkylating agents was studied in the Bacillus subtilis SPP1 phage, its heat sensitive mutants (N3, N73 nad ts 1 ) and corresponding infectious DNA. The survival of phages and their transfecting DNA after treatment with UV light is substantially higher in hcr + cells than in hcr cells, the differences being more striking in intact phages than in their transfecting DNA's. Repair inhibitors reduce survival in hcr + cells: caffeine lowers the survival of UV-irradiated phage SPP1 in exponentially growing hcr + cells but has no effect on its survival in competent hcr + cells; acriflavin and ethidium bromide decrease the survival of the UV-irradiated SPP1 phage in both exponentially growing and competent hcr + cells to the level of survival observed in hcr cells; moreover, ethidium bromide lowers the number of infective centres in hcr + cells of the UV-irradiated DNA of the SPP1 phage. Repair inhibitors do not lower the survival of the UV-irradiated phages or their DNA in hcr cells. The repair mechanism under study also effectively repairs lesions induced by polyfunctional alkylating agents in the transfecting DNA's of B. subtilis phages but is not functional with lesions induced by these agents in free phages and lesions caused in the phages and their DNA by ethyl methanesulphonate or γ radiation. (author)

Rapid road repair vehicle

Science.gov (United States)

Mara, Leo M.

1998-01-01

Disclosed is a rapid road repair vehicle capable of moving over a surface to be repaired at near normal posted traffic speeds to scan for and find an the high rate of speed, imperfections in the pavement surface, prepare the surface imperfection for repair by air pressure and vacuum cleaning, applying a correct amount of the correct patching material to effect the repair, smooth the resulting repaired surface, and catalog the location and quality of the repairs for maintenance records of the road surface. The rapid road repair vehicle can repair surface imperfections at lower cost, improved quality, at a higher rate of speed than was was heretofor possible, with significantly reduced exposure to safety and health hazards associated with this kind of road repair activities in the past.

DNA repair efficiency in germ cells and early mouse embryos and consequences for radiation-induced transgenerational genomic damage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marchetti, Francesco; Wyrobek, Andrew J.

2009-01-18

Exposure to ionizing radiation and other environmental agents can affect the genomic integrity of germ cells and induce adverse health effects in the progeny. Efficient DNA repair during gametogenesis and the early embryonic cycles after fertilization is critical for preventing transmission of DNA damage to the progeny and relies on maternal factors stored in the egg before fertilization. The ability of the maternal repair machinery to repair DNA damage in both parental genomes in the fertilizing egg is especially crucial for the fertilizing male genome that has not experienced a DNA repair-competent cellular environment for several weeks prior to fertilization. During the DNA repair-deficient period of spermatogenesis, DNA lesions may accumulate in sperm and be carried into the egg where, if not properly repaired, could result in the formation of heritable chromosomal aberrations or mutations and associated birth defects. Studies with female mice deficient in specific DNA repair genes have shown that: (i) cell cycle checkpoints are activated in the fertilized egg by DNA damage carried by the sperm; and (ii) the maternal genotype plays a major role in determining the efficiency of repairing genomic lesions in the fertilizing sperm and directly affect the risk for abnormal reproductive outcomes. There is also growing evidence that implicates DNA damage carried by the fertilizing gamete as a mediator of postfertilization processes that contribute to genomic instability in subsequent generations. Transgenerational genomic instability most likely involves epigenetic mechanisms or error-prone DNA repair processes in the early embryo. Maternal and embryonic DNA repair processes during the early phases of mammalian embryonic development can have far reaching consequences for the genomic integrity and health of subsequent generations.

A função auditoria de sistemas de informação : modelo funcional e de competências

OpenAIRE

Silva, Pedro Manuel Gomes da

2008-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação - Área de Especialização em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação. O título deste trabalho “A Função Auditoria de Sistemas de Informação: Modelo Funcional e de Competências” reflecte o seu principal objectivo que é propor um modelo com os vários processos de gestão da função Auditoria de SI e com as competências que complementarmente são exigíveis ao Auditor de SI. Este modelo poderá constituir as bases para a elaboraçã...

Proteins of nucleotide and base excision repair pathways interact in mitochondria to protect from loss of subcutaneous fat, a hallmark of aging

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Y. Kamenisch (York); M.I. Fousteri (Maria); J. Knoch (Jennifer); A.K. Von Thaler (Anna Katherina); B. Fehrenbacher (Birgit); H. Kato (Hiroki); T. Becker (Tim); M.E.T. Dollé (Martijn); R. Kuiper (Ruud); M. Majora (Marc); M. Schaller (Martin); G.T.J. van der Horst (Gijsbertus); H. van Steeg (Harry); M. Röcken (Martin); D. Rapaport (Doron); J. Krutmann (Jean); L.H.F. Mullenders (Leon); M. Berneburg (Mark)

2010-01-01

textabstractDefects in the DNA repair mechanism nucleotide excision repair (NER) may lead to tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or to premature aging with loss of subcutaneous fat in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Mutations of mitochondrial (mt)DNA play a role in aging, but a link between the

The Nucleolus: In Genome Maintenance and Repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsekrekou, Maria; Stratigi, Kalliopi; Chatzinikolaou, Georgia

2017-07-01

The nucleolus is the subnuclear membrane-less organelle where rRNA is transcribed and processed and ribosomal assembly occurs. During the last 20 years, however, the nucleolus has emerged as a multifunctional organelle, regulating processes that go well beyond its traditional role. Moreover, the unique organization of rDNA in tandem arrays and its unusually high transcription rates make it prone to unscheduled DNA recombination events and frequent RNA:DNA hybrids leading to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). If not properly repaired, rDNA damage may contribute to premature disease onset and aging. Deregulation of ribosomal synthesis at any level from transcription and processing to ribosomal subunit assembly elicits a stress response and is also associated with disease onset. Here, we discuss how genome integrity is maintained within nucleoli and how such structures are functionally linked to nuclear DNA damage response and repair giving an emphasis on the newly emerging roles of the nucleolus in mammalian physiology and disease.

Gestão do conhecimento na educação a distância: propondo competências para o nível operacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siderly do Carmo Dahle de Almeida

2017-02-01

Full Text Available A modalidade a distância fez surgir uma nova gama de profissionais, que assumem papeis diversos. O presente artigo resulta de um estudo sobre as competências da tutoria e do gestor de tutoria em cursos de pós-graduação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. O estudo tem como principal objetivo propor competências técnico pedagógicas e de suporte para os cargos de tutoria e a gestão de tutoria e justifica-se pela necessidade de se formalizar competências destes agentes, adequando-os aos cargos/funções compatíveis com sua especialidade e experiências, colaborando assim para sua motivação, produtividade e desenvolvimento. Espera-se que o estudo possa fomentar reflexões sobre as principais competências que estes profissionais devem apresentar para exercer suas atividades com maestria no contexto da EaD.

Family cumulative risk and at-risk kindergarteners' social competence: the mediating role of parent representations of the attachment relationship.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparks, Lauren A; Trentacosta, Christopher J; Owusu, Erika; McLear, Caitlin; Smith-Darden, Joanne

2018-08-01

Secure attachment relationships have been linked to social competence in at-risk children. In the current study, we examined the role of parent secure base scripts in predicting at-risk kindergarteners' social competence. Parent representations of secure attachment were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between lower family cumulative risk and children's social competence. Participants included 106 kindergarteners and their primary caregivers recruited from three urban charter schools serving low-income families as a part of a longitudinal study. Lower levels of cumulative risk predicted greater secure attachment representations in parents, and scores on the secure base script assessment predicted children's social competence. An indirect relationship between lower cumulative risk and kindergarteners' social competence via parent secure base script scores was also supported. Parent script-based representations of the attachment relationship appear to be an important link between lower levels of cumulative risk and low-income kindergarteners' social competence. Implications of these findings for future interventions are discussed.

Bifunctional alkylating agent-mediated MGMT-DNA cross-linking and its proteolytic cleavage in 16HBE cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Jin; Ye, Feng; Dan, Guorong; Zhao, Yuanpeng; Wang, Bin; Zhao, Jiqing; Sai, Yan; Zou, Zhongmin

2016-01-01

Nitrogen mustard (NM), a bifunctional alkylating agent (BAA), contains two alkyl arms and can act as a cross-linking bridge between DNA and protein to form a DNA-protein cross-link (DPC). O 6 -methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme for alkyl adducts removal, is found to enhance cell sensitivity to BAAs and to promote damage, possibly due to its stable covalent cross-linking with DNA mediated by BAAs. To investigate MGMT-DNA cross-link (mDPC) formation and its possible dual roles in NM exposure, human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE was subjected to different concentrations of HN2, a kind of NM, and we found mDPC was induced by HN2 in a concentration-dependent manner, but the mRNA and total protein of MGMT were suppressed. As early as 1 h after HN2 treatment, high mDPC was achieved and the level maintained for up to 24 h. Quick total DPC (tDPC) and γ-H2AX accumulation were observed. To evaluate the effect of newly predicted protease DVC1 on DPC cleavage, we applied siRNA of MGMT and DVC1, MG132 (proteasome inhibitor), and NMS-873 (p97 inhibitor) and found that proteolysis plays a role. DVC1 was proven to be more important in the cleavage of mDPC than tDPC in a p97-dependent manner. HN2 exposure induced DVC1 upregulation, which was at least partially contributed to MGMT cleavage by proteolysis because HN2-induced mDPC level and DNA damage was closely related with DVC1 expression. Homologous recombination (HR) was also activated. Our findings demonstrated that MGMT might turn into a DNA damage promoter by forming DPC when exposed to HN2. Proteolysis, especially DVC1, plays a crucial role in mDPC repair. - Highlights: • Nitrogen mustard-induced MGMT-DNA cross-linking was detected in a living cell. • Concentration- and time-dependent manners of MGMT-DNA cross-linking were revealed. • Proteolysis played an important role in protein (MGMT)-DNA cross-linking repair. • DVC1 acts as a proteolytic enzyme in cross-linking repair in a p

Linking Complex Problem Solving to Opportunity Identification Competence within the Context of Entrepreneurship

Science.gov (United States)

Baggen, Yvette; Mainert, Jakob; Lans, Thomas; Biemans, Harm J. A.; Greiff, Samuel; Mulder, Martin

2015-01-01

Today's working life is increasingly characterized by entrepreneurial challenges. Entrepreneurial challenges start at an individual level with the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities, which is acknowledged as one of the key competencies for lifelong learning. Since the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities relies heavily on…

DNA damage, homology-directed repair, and DNA methylation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Concetta Cuozzo

2007-07-01

Full Text Available To explore the link between DNA damage and gene silencing, we induced a DNA double-strand break in the genome of Hela or mouse embryonic stem (ES cells using I-SceI restriction endonuclease. The I-SceI site lies within one copy of two inactivated tandem repeated green fluorescent protein (GFP genes (DR-GFP. A total of 2%-4% of the cells generated a functional GFP by homology-directed repair (HR and gene conversion. However, approximately 50% of these recombinants expressed GFP poorly. Silencing was rapid and associated with HR and DNA methylation of the recombinant gene, since it was prevented in Hela cells by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. ES cells deficient in DNA methyl transferase 1 yielded as many recombinants as wild-type cells, but most of these recombinants expressed GFP robustly. Half of the HR DNA molecules were de novo methylated, principally downstream to the double-strand break, and half were undermethylated relative to the uncut DNA. Methylation of the repaired gene was independent of the methylation status of the converting template. The methylation pattern of recombinant molecules derived from pools of cells carrying DR-GFP at different loci, or from an individual clone carrying DR-GFP at a single locus, was comparable. ClustalW analysis of the sequenced GFP molecules in Hela and ES cells distinguished recombinant and nonrecombinant DNA solely on the basis of their methylation profile and indicated that HR superimposed novel methylation profiles on top of the old patterns. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA analysis revealed that DNA methyl transferase 1 was bound specifically to HR GFP DNA and that methylation of the repaired segment contributed to the silencing of GFP expression. Taken together, our data support a mechanistic link between HR and DNA methylation and suggest that DNA methylation in eukaryotes marks homologous recombined segments.

eLearning-radiology.com. Sustainability for quality assurance; eLearning-radiology.com. Nachhaltigkeit im Sinne der Qualitaetssicherung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ketelsen, D. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie; Talanow, R. [Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (United States). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin; Uder, M. [Erlangen-Nuernberg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Diagnostische Radiologie; Grunewald, M. [Erlangen-Nuernberg Univ. (Germany). Nuklearmedizinische Klinik

2009-04-15

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the availability of published radiological e-learning tools and to establish a solution for quality assurance. Materials and Methods: Substantial pubmed research was performed to identify radiological e-learning tools. 181 e-learning programs were selected. As examples two databases expanding their programs with external links, Compare (n = 435 external links) and TNT-Radiology (n = 1078 external links), were evaluated. A concept for quality assurance was developed by an international taskforce. Results: At the time of assessment, 56.4 % (102/181) of the investigated e-learning tools were accessible at their original URL. A subgroup analysis of programs published 5 to 8 years ago showed significantly inferior availability to programs published 3 to 5 years ago (p < 0.01). The analysis of external links showed 49.2 % and 61.0 % accessible links for the programs Compare (published 2003) and TNT-Radiology (published 2006), respectively. As a consequence, the domain www.eLearning-radiology.com was developed by the taskforce and published online. This tool allows authors to present their programs and users to evaluate the e-learning tools depending on several criteria in order to remove inoperable links and to obtain information about the complexity and quality of the e-learning tools. (orig.)

Guide of attributes of the nurse's political competence: a methodological study.

Science.gov (United States)

Melo, Wesley Soares de; Oliveira, Paulo Jorge Ferreira de; Monteiro, Flávia Paula Magalhães; Santos, Francisca Carla Dos Angelos; Silva, Maria Janaína Nogueira da; Calderon, Carolina Jimenez; Fonseca, Lilian Nara Amaral da; Simão, Ana Adélia Chaves

2017-01-01

To build and validate a guide of attributes of the nurse's political competence. Methodological research. This study comprised the construction of the instrument through literature review; experts validation of pre-established attributes for composing the guide; and clinical validation in the nurses work environment/reality. The data collection took place in the months from August to October 2014, and the analysis was based on the content analysis of Bardin and use of Epi info 3.5. All ethical precepts have been complied with. From 29 attributes found in the literature, 25 have been validated by experts. Clinical/practical validation involved the participation of 43 nurses, who observed that the attributes are not articulated with the professional practices developed by them. The attributes of the nurse's political competence were identified with support of literature. It is concluded that the professionals still have limited and fragmented perception of political competence, expressing difficulty/limitation. Construir e validar um guia de atributos da competência política do enfermeiro. Pesquisa metodológica. O estudo compreendeu a construção do instrumento por meio de revisão da literatura; validação, por especialistas, dos atributos preestabelecidos para composição do guia; e validação clínica no ambiente/realidade de trabalho dos enfermeiros. A coleta dos dados ocorreu nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2014, e a análise baseou-se na análise de conteúdo de Bardin e utilização do Epi info 3.5. Foram respeitados todos os preceitos éticos. Dos 29 atributos encontrados na literatura, 25 foram validados pelos especialistas. A validação clínica/prática envolveu a participação de 43 enfermeiros, os quais observaram que os atributos não apresentam articulação com as práticas profissionais por eles desenvolvidas. Identificados os atributos da competência política do enfermeiro com apoio da literatura. Conclui-se que os profissionais ainda

Selective Aortic Arch and Root Replacement in Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleischman, Fernando; Elsayed, Ramsey S; Cohen, Robbin G; Tatum, James M; Kumar, S Ram; Kazerouni, Kayvan; Mack, Wendy J; Barr, Mark L; Cunningham, Mark J; Hackmann, Amy E; Baker, Craig J; Starnes, Vaughn A; Bowdish, Michael E

2018-02-01

Controversy exists regarding the optimal extent of repair for type A aortic dissection. Our approach is to replace the ascending aorta, and only replace the aortic root or arch when intimal tears are present in those areas. We examined intermediate outcomes with this approach to acute type A aortic dissection repair. Between March 2005 and October 2016, 195 patients underwent repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Repair was categorized by site of proximal and distal anastomosis and extent of repair. Mean follow-up was 31.0 ± 30.9 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess survival. Multiple variable Cox proportional hazards modeling was utilized to identify factors associated with overall mortality. Overall survival was 85.1%, 83.9%, 79.1%, and 74.4% at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months, respectively. Eight patients required reintervention. The cumulative incidence of aortic reintervention at 1 year with death as a competing outcome was 3.95%. Multiple variable regression analysis identified factors such as age, preoperative renal failure, concomitant thoracic endograft, postoperative myocardial infarction and sepsis, and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as predictive of overall mortality. Neither proximal or distal extent of repair, nor need for reintervention affected overall survival (proximal: hazard ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 3.51, p = 0.22; distal: hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.43 to 2.97, p = 0.81; reintervention: hazard ratio 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.002 to 0.490, p < 0.01). A selective approach to root and arch repair in acute type A aortic dissection is safe. If aortic reintervention is needed, survival does not appear to be affected. Copyright © 2018 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

RNF4 is required for DNA double-strand break repair in vivo

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vyas, R; Kumar, R; Clermont, F

2013-01-01

for both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining repair. To establish a link between Rnf4 and the DNA damage response (DDR) in vivo, we generated an Rnf4 allelic series in mice. We show that Rnf4-deficiency causes persistent ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage and signaling...

DNA-damage-inducible (din) loci are transcriptionally activated in competent Bacillus subtilis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Love, P.E.; Lyle, M.J.; Yasbin, R.E.

1985-01-01

DNA damage-inducible (din) operon fusions were generated in Bacillus subtilis by transpositional mutagenesis. These YB886(din::Tn917-lacZ) fusion isolates produced increased β-galactosidase when exposed to mitomycin C, UV radiation, or ethyl methanesulfonate, indicating that the lacZ structural gene had inserted into host transcriptional units that are induced by a variety of DNA-damaging agents. One of the fusion strains was DNA-repair deficient and phenotypically resembled a UV-sensitive mutant of B. subtilis. Induction of β-galactosidase also occurred in the competent subpopulation of each of the din fusion strains, independent of exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Both the DNA-damage-inducible and competence-inducible components of β-galactosidase expression were abolished by the recE4 mutation, which inhibits SOS-like (SOB) induction but does not interfere with the development of the component state. The results indicate that gene expression is stimulated at specific loci within the B. subtilis chromosome both by DNA-damaging agents and by the development of competence and that this response is under the control of the SOB regulatory system. Furthermore, they demonstrate that at the molecular level SOB induction and the development of competence are interrelated cellular events

N-Linked Protein Glycosylation is Required for Full Competence in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Larsen, Joseph C; Szymanski, Christine; Guerry, Patricia

2004-01-01

...) that have subsequently been found in Helicobacter pylori and Wolinella succinogenes. Mutational analyses of some of these genes have implicated their involvement in intestinal epithelial cell invasion and natural competence...

Linking Essential Learning Outcomes and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competency in Health Science Undergraduates

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Carole-Rae; Garcia, Luis Ivan; Slusser, Margaret M.; Konowitz, Sharon; Yep, Jewelry

2017-01-01

Assessing student learning outcomes and determining achievement of the Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCEP) Core Competency of Values/Ethics in a generic pre-professional Bachelor of Science in Health Science (BSHS) program is challenging. A course level Student Learning Outcome (SLO) is: "….articulate the impact of personal…

The Contribution of Local Environments to Competence Creation in Multinational Enterprises

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersson, Ulf; Dellestrand, Henrik; Pedersen, Torben

2014-01-01

This paper examines the competence development of subsidiaries in multinational enterprises. We analyze how local subsidiary environments affect the development of technological and business competencies among other units in the multinational enterprise. We test our predictions using data from 2......,107 foreign-owned subsidiaries located in seven European countries, by means of structural equation modeling — namely, LISREL. By bringing the local environment to the fore, we contribute to the literature on the emergence and determinants of firm-specific advantages. We link local subsidiary environments...... throughout the organization. Thus, we contribute to an enhanced understanding of location as a determinant of the creation of units of competence and centers of excellence within multinational enterprises. In other words, we demonstrate that country-specific advantages are beneficial for competence creation...

Photoreactivation and excision repair of UV induced pyrimidine dimers in the unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa alpicola (Synechocystis PCC 6308)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Brien, P.A.; Houghton, J.A.

1982-01-01

The survival curve obtained after UV irradiation of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis is typical of a DNA repair competent organism. Inhibition of DNA replication, by incubating cells in the dark, increased resistance to the lethal effects of UV at higher fluences. Exposure of irradiated cells to near ultraviolet light (350-500 nm) restored viability to pre-irradiation levels. In order to measure DNA repair activity, techniques have been developed for the chromatographic analysis of pyrimidine dimers in synechocystis. The specificity of this method was established using a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In accordance with the physiological responses of irradiated cells to photoreactivating light, pyrimidine dimers were not detected after photoreactivation treatment. Incubation of irradiated cells under non-photoreactivating growth conditions for 15h resulted in complete removal of pyrimidine dimers. It is concluded that Synechocystis contains photoreactivation and excision repair systems for the removal of pyrimidine dimers. (author)

Inhibiting effects of fructanase on competence-stimulating peptide-dependent quorum sensing system in Streptococcus mutans.

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Yusuke; Nagasawa, Ryo; Senpuku, Hidenobu

2017-09-01

Streptococcus mutans produces glucosyltransferases encoded by the gtfB and gtfC genes, which synthesize insoluble glucan, and both insoluble and soluble glucans by conversion of sucrose, and are known as principal agents to provide strong biofilm formation and demineralization on tooth surfaces. S. mutans possess a Com-dependent quorum sensing (QS) system, which is important for survival in severe conditions. The QS system is stimulated by the interaction between ComD {Receptor to competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)} encoded by the comD and CSP encoded by the comC, and importantly associated with bacteriocin production and genetic competence. Previously, we found enzyme fructanase (FruA) as a new inhibitor for the glucan-dependent biofilm formation. In the present study, inhibiting effects by FruA on glucan-independent biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159, UA159.gtfB - , UA159.gtfC - , and UA159.gtfBC - were observed in sucrose and no sucrose sugars-supplemented conditions using the plate assay. The reduction of UA159.comC - and UA159.comD - biofilm formation were also observed as compared with UA159 in same conditions. These results suggested that inhibitions of glucan-independent and Com-dependent biofilm formation were involved in the inhibiting mechanism by FruA. To more thoroughly investigate effects by FruA on the QS system, we examined on CSP-stimulated and Com-dependent bacteriocin production and genetic transformation. FruA inhibited bacteriocin production in collaboration with CSP and genetic transformation in bacterial cell conditions treated with FruA. Our findings show that FruA has multiple effects that inhibit survival functions of S. mutans, including biofilm formation and CSP-dependent QS responses, indicating its potential use as an agent for prevention of dental caries. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

JNK Phosphorylates SIRT6 to Stimulate DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Response to Oxidative Stress by Recruiting PARP1 to DNA Breaks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Van Meter

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The accumulation of damage caused by oxidative stress has been linked to aging and to the etiology of numerous age-related diseases. The longevity gene, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6, promotes genome stability by facilitating DNA repair, especially under oxidative stress conditions. Here we uncover the mechanism by which SIRT6 is activated by oxidative stress to promote DNA double-strand break (DSB repair. We show that the stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, phosphorylates SIRT6 on serine 10 in response to oxidative stress. This post-translational modification facilitates the mobilization of SIRT6 to DNA damage sites and is required for efficient recruitment of poly (ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1 to DNA break sites and for efficient repair of DSBs. Our results demonstrate a post-translational mechanism regulating SIRT6, and they provide the link between oxidative stress signaling and DNA repair pathways that may be critical for hormetic response and longevity assurance.

DNA repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Zeeland, A.A.

1984-01-01

In this chapter a series of DNA repair pathways are discussed which are available to the cell to cope with the problem of DNA damaged by chemical or physical agents. In the case of microorganisms our knowledge about the precise mechanism of each DNA repair pathway and the regulation of it has been improved considerably when mutants deficient in these repair mechanisms became available. In the case of mammalian cells in culture, until recently there were very little repair deficient mutants available, because in almost all mammalian cells in culture at least the diploid number of chromosomes is present. Therefore the frequency of repair deficient mutants in such populations is very low. Nevertheless because replica plating techniques are improving some mutants from Chinese hamsters ovary cells and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells are now available. In the case of human cells, cultures obtained from patients with certain genetic diseases are available. A number of cells appear to be sensitive to some chemical or physical mutagens. These include cells from patients suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum, Ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi's anemia, Cockayne's syndrome. However, only in the case of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, has the sensitivity to ultraviolet light been clearly correlated with a deficiency in excision repair of pyrimidine dimers. Furthermore the work with strains obtained from biopsies from man is difficult because these cells generally have low cloning efficiencies and also have a limited lifespan in vitro. It is therefore very important that more repair deficient mutants will become available from established cell lines from human or animal origin

Development of a Moodle Course for Schoolchildren's Table Tennis Learning Based on Competence Motivation Theory: Its Effectiveness in Comparison to Traditional Training Method

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Junhua; Liu, Qingtang; Yang, Zongkai

2012-01-01

Based on Competence Motivation Theory (CMT), a Moodle course for schoolchildren's table tennis learning was developed (The URL is http://www.bssepp.com, and this course allows guest access). The effects of the course on students' knowledge, perceived competence and interest were evaluated through quantitative methods. The sample of the study…

Multiobjective optimization of availability and cost in repairable systems design via genetic algorithms and discrete event simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isis Didier Lins

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This paper attempts to provide a more realistic approach to the characterization of system reliability when handling redundancy allocation problems: it considers repairable series-parallel systems comprised of components subjected to corrective maintenance actions with failure-repair cycles modeled by renewal processes. A multiobjective optimization approach is applied since increasing the number of redundancies not only enlarges system reliability but also its associated costs. Then a multiobjective genetic algorithm is coupled with discrete event simulation and its solutions present the compromise between system reliability and cost. Two examples are provided. In the first one, the proposed algorithm is validated by comparison with results obtained from a system devised as to allow for analytical solutions of the objective functions. The second case analyzes a repairable system subjected to perfect repairs. Results from both examples show that the proposed method can be a valuable tool for the decision maker when choosing the system design.Esse artigo utiliza uma abordagem mais realista para a caracterização da confiabilidade de sistemas em problemas de alocação de redundâncias: são considerados sistemas série-paralelo formados por componentes sujeitos a ações de manutenção corretiva com ciclos de falha-reparo modelados por processos de renovação. É aplicada uma abordagem de otimização multiobjetivo, pois o aumento de redundâncias eleva a confiabilidade do sistema e também os seus custos. Assim, um algoritmo genético multiobjetivo é integrado com simulação discreta de eventos e suas soluções apresentam o compromisso entre confiabilidade e custo do sistema. Dois exemplos são fornecidos. No primeiro, o algoritmo proposto é validado através da comparação com resultados obtidos de um sistema criado de forma a permitir soluções analíticas das funções-objetivo. No segundo, analisa-se um sistema reparável sujeito a

Polymerization by DNA polymerase eta is blocked by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) 1,3-d(GpTpG) cross-link: implications for cytotoxic effects in nucleotide excision repair-negative tumor cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Chijiwa, Shotaro; Masutani, Chikahide; Hanaoka, Fumio; Iwai, Shigenori; Kuraoka, Isao

2010-03-01

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) forms DNA adducts that interfere with replication and transcription. The most common adducts formed in vivo are 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-links (Pt-GG) and d(ApG) cross-links (Pt-AG), with minor amounts of 1,3-d(GpNpG) cross-links (Pt-GNG), interstrand cross-links and monoadducts. Although the relative contribution of these different adducts to toxicity is not known, literature implicates that Pt-GG and Pt-AG adducts block replication. Thus, nucleotide excision repair (NER), by which platinum adducts are excised, and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), which permits adduct bypass, are thought to be associated with cisplatin resistance. Recent studies have reported that the clinical benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy is high if tumor cells express low levels of NER factors. To investigate the role of platinum-DNA adducts in mediating tumor cell survival by TLS, we examined whether 1,3-intrastrand d(GpTpG) platinum cross-links (Pt-GTG), which probably exist in NER-negative tumor cells but not in NER-positive tumor cells, are bypassed by the translesion DNA polymerase eta (pol eta), which is known to bypass Pt-GG. We show that pol eta can incorporate the correct deoxycytidine triphosphate opposite the first 3'-cross-linked G of Pt-GTG but cannot insert any nucleotides opposite the second intact T or the third 5'-cross-linked G of the adducts, thereby suggesting that TLS does not facilitate replication past Pt-GTG adducts. Thus, our findings implicate Pt-GNG adducts as mediating the cytotoxicity of platinum-DNA adducts in NER-negative tumors in vivo.

Maternal Resources, Parenting Practices, and Child Competence in Rural, Single-Parent African American Families.

Science.gov (United States)

Brody, Gene H.; Flor, Douglas L.

1998-01-01

Tested a model linking maternal/family characteristics to child cognitive and psychosocial competence in African-American 6- to 9-year olds in rural single-mother-headed households. Found that maternal education, religiosity, and financial resources were linked with parenting style, mother-child relationship, and maternal school involvement.…

Developing teachers' subject didactic competence through problem posing

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tichá, Marie; Hošpesová, A.

2013-01-01

Roč. 83, č. 1 (2013), s. 133-143 ISSN 0013-1954 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : professional development * primary school teachers * problem posing Subject RIV: AM - Education Impact factor: 0.639, year: 2013 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10649-012-9455-1

Correção endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal e artéria ilíaca comum esquerda em paciente com hemofilia C grave Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and left common iliac artery in a patient with severe hemophilia C

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Quilici Belczak

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A deficiência do fator XI, também conhecida como hemofilia C, é uma doença hematológica hereditária rara, que se manifesta clinicamente com hemorragia persistente após cirurgias, traumas, menorragias e extrações dentárias. Neste artigo, relatou-se a correção endovascular de um paciente com aneurisma de aorta e de artéria ilíaca comum esquerda em um paciente portador de deficiência major do fator XI (atividade do fator XI inferior a 20%. O procedimento foi realizado com sucesso, com o manuseio do distúrbio da coagulação por meio da infusão de plasma fresco no pré-operatório imediato e no pós-operatório, e controle laboratorial da coagulação do paciente.Factor XI deficiency, also known as hemophilia C, is a rare hereditary blood disease that manifests with persistent bleeding after surgery, trauma, menorrhagia, and dental extractions. This article reports an endovascular repair of a patient diagnosed with an aortic and left common iliac aneurysm, with severe factor XI deficiency (factor XI activity below 20%. The procedure was successfully performed with management of the coagulation disorder by preoperative and postoperative infusion of plasma and laboratory control of the coagulation.

Transtendon, double-row, transosseous-equivalent arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness, articular-surface rotator cuff tears.

Science.gov (United States)

Dilisio, Matthew F; Miller, Lindsay R; Higgins, Laurence D

2014-10-01

Arthroscopic transtendinous techniques for the arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness, articular-surface rotator cuff tears offer the advantage of minimizing the disruption of the patient's remaining rotator cuff tendon fibers. In addition, double-row fixation of full-thickness rotator cuff tears has shown biomechanical advantages. We present a novel method combining these 2 techniques for transtendon, double-row, transosseous-equivalent arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness, articular-surface rotator cuff tears. Direct visualization of the reduction of the retracted articular tendon layer to its insertion on the greater tuberosity is the key to the procedure. Linking the medial-row anchors and using a double-row construct provide a stable repair that allows early shoulder motion to minimize the risk of postoperative stiffness.

Transient elevation of glycolysis confers radio-resistance by facilitating DNA repair in cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhatt, Anant Narayan; Chauhan, Ankit; Khanna, Suchit; Rai, Yogesh; Singh, Saurabh; Soni, Ravi; Kalra, Namita; Dwarakanath, Bilikere S

2015-01-01

Cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect) and macromolecular biosynthesis; it is also linked with therapeutic resistance that is generally associated with compromised respiratory metabolism. Molecular mechanisms underlying radio-resistance linked to elevated glycolysis remain incompletely understood. We stimulated glycolysis using mitochondrial respiratory modifiers (MRMs viz. di-nitro phenol, DNP; Photosan-3, PS3; Methylene blue, MB) in established human cell lines (HEK293, BMG-1 and OCT-1). Glucose utilization and lactate production, levels of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes were investigated as indices of glycolysis. Clonogenic survival, DNA repair and cytogenetic damage were studied as parameters of radiation response. MRMs induced the glycolysis by enhancing the levels of two important regulators of glucose metabolism GLUT-1 and HK-II and resulted in 2 fold increase in glucose consumption and lactate production. This increase in glycolysis resulted in resistance against radiation-induced cell death (clonogenic survival) in different cell lines at an absorbed dose of 5 Gy. Inhibition of glucose uptake and glycolysis (using fasentin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-bromopyruvate) in DNP treated cells failed to increase the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells, suggesting that radio-resistance linked to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration is glycolysis dependent. Elevated glycolysis also facilitated rejoining of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks by activating both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways of DNA double strand break repair leading to a reduction in radiation-induced cytogenetic damage (micronuclei formation) in these cells. These findings suggest that enhanced glycolysis generally observed in cancer cells may be responsible for the radio-resistance, partly by enhancing the repair of DNA damage

Emotional competence relating to perceived stress and burnout in Spanish teachers: a mediator model

Science.gov (United States)

Extremera, Natalio

2016-01-01

This study examined direct associations between emotional competence, perceived stress and burnout in 489 Spanish teachers. In addition, a model in which perceived stress mediated pathways linking emotional competence to teacher burnout symptoms was also examined. Results showed that emotional competence and stress were significantly correlated with teacher burnout symptoms in the expected direction. Moreover, mediational analysis indicated that perceived stress partly mediated the relationship between emotional competence and the three dimensions of burnout even when controlling for salient background characteristics. These findings suggest an underlying process by which high emotional competence may increase the capacity to cope with symptoms of burnout, by reducing the experience of stress. Implications of these findings for future research and for working with teachers to prevent burnout are discussed. PMID:27280077

Emotional competence relating to perceived stress and burnout in Spanish teachers: a mediator model.

Science.gov (United States)

Rey, Lourdes; Extremera, Natalio; Pena, Mario

2016-01-01

This study examined direct associations between emotional competence, perceived stress and burnout in 489 Spanish teachers. In addition, a model in which perceived stress mediated pathways linking emotional competence to teacher burnout symptoms was also examined. Results showed that emotional competence and stress were significantly correlated with teacher burnout symptoms in the expected direction. Moreover, mediational analysis indicated that perceived stress partly mediated the relationship between emotional competence and the three dimensions of burnout even when controlling for salient background characteristics. These findings suggest an underlying process by which high emotional competence may increase the capacity to cope with symptoms of burnout, by reducing the experience of stress. Implications of these findings for future research and for working with teachers to prevent burnout are discussed.

Repair kinetics in tissues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thames, H.D.

1989-01-01

Monoexponential repair kinetics is based on the assumption of a single, dose-independent rate of repair of sublethal injury in the target cells for tissue injury after exposure to ionizing radiation. Descriptions of the available data based on this assumption have proved fairly successful for both acutely responding (skin, lip mucosa, gut) and late-responding (lung, spinal cord) normal tissues. There are indications of biphasic exponential repair in both categories, however. Unfortunately, the data usually lack sufficient resolution to permit unambiguous determination of the repair rates. There are also indications that repair kinetics may depend on the size of the dose. The data are conflicting on this account, however, with suggestions of both faster and slower repair after larger doses. Indeed, experiments that have been explicitly designed to test this hypothesis show either no effect (gut, spinal cord), faster repair after higher doses (lung, kidney), or slower repair after higher doses (skin). Monoexponential repair appears to be a fairly accurate description that provides an approximation to a more complicated picture, the elucidation of whose details will, however, require very careful and extensive experimental study. (author). 30 refs.; 1 fig

Mental state, body image disturbances and social competences in adolescents with strabismus

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Cecylia Smug

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Strabismus is a serious ophthalmological and cosmetic disorder which may cause psychological discomfort. An increased incidence of various mental disturbances in patients with squint has been described. Affected children and adolescents experience more difficulties at school and worse results in sport. Squint may cause a disadvantageous social reception and may sometimes make it difficult to get a satisfying job. It may considerably decrease the quality of life. Objective: This study addressed three questions: 1 Is strabismus linked to psychiatric and psychological disorders? 2 Can it influence social competences? 3 Is it linked to dysmorphophobia (DSM-IV? Material and methods: Thirty persons with strabismus at the age of 13-17 years were compared with the control group of 30 persons of the same age, without eye problems. To detect psychiatric problems GHQ-28 scale was used. To assess social competences the Social Competence Questionnaire KKS (Kwestionariusz Kompetencji Społecznych was used. Dysmorphophobia symptoms were measured using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, functioning, social competences or dysmorphophobia in adolescents with strabismus, as compared to the control group. Significantly worse social competences were shown by those adolescents with strabismus who underwent surgical treatment, as compared to other persons with squint (p=0.006. Discussion: In literature, we have not found any studies on social competences in young people with strabismus. The prevalence of dysmorphophobia was not confirmed among them. No higher incidence of psychiatric disorders was observed in our study in adolescents with strabismus.

Double Strand Break Repair, one mechanism can hide another: Alternative non-homologous end joining

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rass, E.; Grabarz, A.; Bertrand, P.; Lopez, B.S.

2012-01-01

DNA double strand breaks are major cytotoxic lesions encountered by the cells. They can be induced by ionizing radiation or endogenous stress and can lead to genetic instability. Two mechanisms compete for the repair of DNA double strand breaks: homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Homologous recombination requires DNA sequences homology and is initiated by single strand resection. Recently, advances have been made concerning the major steps and proteins involved in resection. NHEJ, in contrast, does not require sequence homology. The existence of a DNA double strand break repair mechanism, independent of KU and ligase IV, the key proteins of the canonical non homologous end joining pathway, has been revealed lately and named alternative non homologous end joining. The hallmarks of this highly mutagenic pathway are deletions at repair junctions and frequent use of distal micro-homologies. This mechanism is also initiated by a single strand resection of the break. The aim of this review is firstly to present recent data on single strand resection, and secondly the alternative NHEJ pathway, including a discussion on the fidelity of NHEJ. Based on current knowledge, canonical NHEJ does not appear as an intrinsically mutagenic mechanism, but in contrast, as a conservative one. The structure of broken DNA ends actually dictates the quality repair of the alternative NHEJ and seems the actual responsible for the mutagenesis attributed beforehand to the canonical NHEJ. The existence of this novel DNA double strand breaks repair mechanism needs to be taken into account in the development of radiosensitizing strategies in order to optimise the efficiency of radiotherapy. (authors)

Competing failure analysis in phased-mission systems with functional dependence in one of phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Chaonan; Xing, Liudong; Levitin, Gregory

2012-01-01

This paper proposes an algorithm for the reliability analysis of non-repairable phased-mission systems (PMS) subject to competing failure propagation and isolation effects. A failure originating from a system component which causes extensive damage to other system components is a propagated failure. When the propagated failure affects all the system components, causing the entire system failure, a propagated failure with global effect (PFGE) is said to occur. However, the failure propagation can be isolated in systems subject to functional dependence (FDEP) behavior, where the failure of a component (referred to as trigger component) causes some other components (referred to as dependent components) to become inaccessible or unusable (isolated from the system), and thus further failures from these dependent components have no effect on the system failure behavior. On the other hand, if any PFGE from dependent components occurs before the trigger failure, the failure propagation effect takes place, causing the overall system failure. In summary, there are two distinct consequences of a PFGE due to the competition between the failure isolation and failure propagation effects in the time domain. Existing works on such competing failures focus only on single-phase systems. However, many real-world systems are phased-mission systems (PMS), which involve multiple, consecutive and non-overlapping phases of operations or tasks. Consideration of competing failures for PMS is a challenging and difficult task because PMS exhibit dynamics in the system configuration and component behavior as well as statistical dependencies across phases for a given component. This paper proposes a combinatorial method to address the competing failure effects in the reliability analysis of binary non-repairable PMS. The proposed method is verified using a Markov-based method through a numerical example. Different from the Markov-based approach that is limited to exponential distribution, the

A geometric process repair model for a repairable cold standby system with priority in use and repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yuanlin; Wang Guanjun

2009-01-01

In this paper, a deteriorating cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components and one repairman is studied. For each component, assume that the successive working times form a decreasing geometric process while the consecutive repair times constitute an increasing geometric process, and component 1 has priority in use and repair. Under these assumptions, we consider a replacement policy N based on the number of repairs of component 1 under which the system is replaced when the number of repairs of component 1 reaches N. Our problem is to determine an optimal policy N* such that the average cost rate (i.e. the long-run average cost per unit time) of the system is minimized. The explicit equation of the average cost rate of the system is derived and the corresponding optimal replacement policy N* can be determined analytically or numerically. Finally, a numerical example with Weibull distribution is given to illustrate some theoretical results in this paper.

DNA damage and repair activity after broccoli intake in young healthy smokers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Riso, Patrizia; Martini, Daniela; Møller, Peter

2010-01-01

compounds, including smokers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of broccoli intake on biomarkers of DNA damage and repair. Twenty-seven young healthy smokers consumed a portion of steamed broccoli (250 g/day) or a control diet for 10 days each within a crossover design with a washout period...... mRNA expression levels of repair and defence enzymes: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif 1 (NUDT1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). After broccoli consumption, the level of oxidised DNA lesions decreased by 41% (95% confidence interval: 10%, 72......%) and the resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced DNA strand breaks increased by 23% (95% CI: 13%, 34%). Following broccoli intake, a higher protection was observed in subjects with glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1-null genotype. The expression level and activity of repair enzymes was unaltered. In conclusion, broccoli...

Estratégia, Estrutura e Competências Gerenciais: estudo de uma operadora de plano de saúde, modalidade autogestão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djair Picchiai

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata da análise de uma operadora de plano de saúde, modalidade autogestão. Foram analisadas sua estratégia, estrutura organizacional e competências gerenciais, a luz dos conceitos encontrados na literatura. Descrevese a estrutura, as diretrizes de atuação e satisfação dos clientes através da análise de documentos e entrevistas com seus principais gestores. Verifica-se como são entendidos e utilizados esses conceitos na relação da operadora com os prestadores de serviços e beneficiários. A literatura aponta para a coerência, o alinhamento e a consistência entre os conceitos de estratégia, estrutura e competências gerenciais, como forma de aumento de competitividade e desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais. Os indicadores de desempenho e o mapa estratégico aparecem como instrumentos desta avaliação.

Formação do professor bilíngue para surdos: de quais competências estamos falando?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veridiane Pinto Ribeiro

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Na perspectiva das políticas de inclusão, a partir da década de 1990, os surdos teriam direito à educação bilíngue, ou seja, teriam acesso a sua primeira língua, ou língua natural, que é a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras - L1 e, posteriormente, em Língua Portuguesa que seria sua segunda língua (L2. Diante dessa diretriz político-pedagógica, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar quais as competências pertinentes à formação do professor bilíngue (PB para surdos através de pesquisa de campo realizada com professores que atuam na educação de surdos no município de ltajaí - SC. Com base em seus depoimentos, buscamos traçar o perfil do profissional bilíngue, à luz da literatura corrente. Segundo as professoras entrevistadas não há investimento suficiente para que os profissionais construam as competências necessárias para o exercício de uma educação bilíngue condizente com os apelos da comunidade surda e das diretrizes oficiais. Para se identificar um professor com competência em educação bilíngue para surdos parte-se da premissa de que este privilegia as peculiaridades que se configuram em sua cultura visual na intermediação dos conhecimentos em detrimento da reabilitação da fala e de habilidades fonológicas para a apropriação da escrita. Por outro lado, destaca- se a necessária incorporação do conhecimento da história, cultura e identidades surdas, respeitando essas peculiaridades e baseando-se nelas para construir sua práxis.

Phenomenology of an inducible mutagenic DNA repair pathway in Escherichia coli: SOS repair hypothesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radman, M.

1974-01-01

A hypothesis is proposed according to which E. coli possesses an inducible DNA repair system. This hypothetical repair, which we call SOS repair, is manifested only following damage to DNA, and requires de novo protein synthesis. SOS repair in E. coli requires some known genetic elements: recA + , lex + and probably zab + . Mutagenesis by ultraviolet light is observed only under conditions of functional SOS repair: we therefore suspect that this is a mutation-prone repair. A number of phenomena and experiments is reviewed which at this point can best be interpreted in terms of an inducible mutagenic DNA repair system. Two recently discovered phenomena support the proposed hypothesis: existence of a mutant (tif) which, after a shift to elevated temperature, mimicks the effect of uv irradiation in regard to repair of phage lambda and uv mutagenesis, apparent activation of SOS repair by introduction into the recipient cell of damaged plasmid or Hfr DNA. Several specific predictions based on SOS repair hypothesis are presented in order to stimulate further experimental tests. (U.S.)

Defeito completo do septo atrioventricular com cianose Complete repair in total atrioventricular canal defect with cyanosis

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Carla Tanamati

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Os defeitos do septo atrioventricular total (DSAVT representam 4% das mal formações cardíacas e acima de 50% dos defeitos observados na síndrome de Down (SD¹. A apresentação clínica é de insuficiência cardíaca precoce na infância e hipertensão pulmonar por hiperfluxo. Raramente a cianose é observada e sugere hipertensão pulmonar ou associação à tetralogia de Fallot³, dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito², anomalia de Ebstein4, drenagem anômala de cava esquerda persistente em átrio esquerdo (Barbero Marcial, comunicação pessoal. Crianças com SD são particularmente difíceis de avaliação por apresentarem obstrução de vias aéreas superiores, que podem contribuir com o aumento da resistência pulmonar observada no cateterismo cardíaco. A presença de cianose pré-operatória constitui-se um desafio ao tratamento cirúrgico devido ao risco de hipertensão pulmonar irreversível com falência ventricular direita com, a correção dos defeitos intracardíacos.Atrioventricular septal defects account for 4% of congenital cardiac malformations and over 50% of cardiac defects seen in Down syndrome¹. Clinical presentation is marked by congestive heart failure early in infancy. Cyanosis is rarely found in infants and suggests irreversible pulmonary hypertension or associated cardiac defects as tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle², Ebstein anomaly³, persistent left superior vena cava draining in the left atrium (Barbero Marcial, personal communication. Children with Down's syndrome is particularly difficult to assess because they often suffer from upper airways obstruction4, which may contribute to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance determined at cardiac catheterization. This association of factors becomes a challenge for operability and, we will report one such case.

Defective DNA repair mechanisms in prostate cancer: impact of olaparib

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

De Felice F

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Francesca De Felice,1 Vincenzo Tombolini,1 Francesco Marampon,2 Angela Musella,3 Claudia Marchetti3 1Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, 2Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, 3Department of Gynecological and Obstetrical Sciences and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy Abstract: The field of prostate oncology has continued to change dramatically. It has truly become a field that is intensely linked to molecular genetic alterations, especially DNA-repair defects. Germline breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1 and breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2 mutations are implicated in the highest risk of prostate cancer (PC predisposition and aggressiveness. Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP proteins play a key role in DNA repair mechanisms and represent a valid target for new therapies. Olaparib is an oral PARP inhibitor that blocks DNA repair pathway and coupled with BRCA mutated-disease results in tumor cell death. In phase II clinical trials, including patients with advanced castration-resistant PC, olaparib seems to be efficacious and well tolerated. Waiting for randomized phase III trials, olaparib should be considered as a promising treatment option for PC. Keywords: prostate cancer, metastatic disease, castration resistant, BRCA, DNA-repair, PARP, olaparib

Thermometric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: TELISA.

Science.gov (United States)

Mattiasson, B; Borrebaeck, C; Sanfridson, B; Mosbach, K

1977-08-11

A new method, thermometric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TELISA), for the assay of endogenous and exogenous compounds in biological fluids is described. It is based on the previously described enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique, ELISA, but utilizes enzymic heat formation which is measured in an enzyme thermistor unit. In the model system studied determination of human serum albumin down to a concentration of 10(-10) M (5 ng/ml) was achieved, with both normal and catalase labelled human serum albumin competing for the binding sites on the immunosorbent, which was rabbit antihuman serum albumin immobilized onto Sepharose CL-4B.

Formação e atuação do turismólogo no cenário das agências e turismo : contrapondo competências

OpenAIRE

Bridi, Guilherme

2010-01-01

Esta pesquisa visa contribuir com subsídios para discussão sobre o tema “formação e atuação do turismólogo no âmbito das agências de turismo”, abordando competências profissionais que seriam e vêm sendo requeridas para atuação nesse segmento de mercado. Com vistas a pautar as análises pretendidas, inicialmente procurou-se, a partir de revisão bibliográfica, construir um conceito operacional de competência, que passou a ser definida como o resultado da articulação de saberes, fa...

X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1 in base excision repair

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hanssen-Bauer, Audun; Solvang-Garten, Karin; Akbari, Mansour

2012-01-01

X-ray Repair Cross Complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) acts as a scaffolding protein in the converging base excision repair (BER) and single strand break repair (SSBR) pathways. XRCC1 also interacts with itself and rapidly accumulates at sites of DNA damage. XRCC1 can thus mediate the assembly of large...

Pennsylvania State Core Competencies for Education on Opioids and Addiction.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashburn, Michael A; Levine, Rachel L

2017-10-01

The objective of this project was to develop core competencies for education on opioids and addiction to be used in all Pennsylvania medical schools. The Pennsylvania Physician General created a task force that was responsible for the creation of the core competencies. A literature review was completed, and a survey of graduating medical students was conducted. The task force then developed, reviewed, and approved the core competencies. The competencies were grouped into nine domains: understanding core aspects of addiction; patient screening for substance use disorder; proper referral for specialty evaluation and treatment of substance use disorder; proper patient assessment when treating pain; proper use of multimodal treatment options when treating acute pain; proper use of opioids for the treatment of acute pain (after consideration of alternatives); the role of opioids in the treatment of chronic noncancer pain; patient risk assessment related to the use of opioids to treat chronic noncancer pain, including the assessment for substance use disorder or increased risk for aberrant drug-related behavior; and the process for patient education, initiation of treatment, careful patient monitoring, and discontinuation of therapy when using opioids to treat chronic noncancer pain. Specific competencies were developed for each domain. These competencies will be incorporated into the educational process at all Pennsylvania medical schools. It is hoped that these curriculum changes will improve student knowledge and attitudes in these areas, thus improving patient outcomes. © 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Relationship of DNA repair to chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and survival during liquid-holding recovery in X-irradiated mammalian cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornace, A.J. Jr.; Nagasawa, H.; Little, J.B.

1980-01-01

The repair of X-ray-induced DNA single strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links was investigated in stationary phase, contact-inhibited mouse cells by the alkaline-elution technique. Approx. 90% of X-ray-induced single strand breaks were rejoined during the first hour of repair, whereas most of the remaining breaks were rejoined more slowly during the next 5 h. At early repair times, the number of residual non-rejoined sungle strand breaks was approx. proportional to the X-ray dose. DNA-protein cross-links were removed at a slower rate (Tsub(1/2) approx. 10-12 h). Cells were held in stationary growth for various periods of time after irradiation before subculture at low density to score for colony survival (potentially lethal damage repair), chromosome aberrations in the first mitosis, and sister-chromatid exchanges in the second mitosis. Both cell killing and the frequency of chromosome aberrations decreased during the first several hours of recovery, reaching a minimum level by 6 h; this decrease correlated temporally with the repair of the slowly rejoining DNA-strand breaks. Relatively few sister-chromatid exchanges were observed when the cells were subcultured immediately after X-ray. The exchange frequency rose to maximum levels after a 4-h recovery interval, and returned to control levels after 12 h of recovery. The possible relationship of DNA repair to these changes in survival, chromosome aberrations, and sister-chromatid exchanges during liquid-holding recovery is discussed. (orig.)

Representações dos profissionais do desporto acerca do conceito de competência profissional Representations of the sport workers over the concept of professional competence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Maria Fazendeiro Batista

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O campo de intervenção do profissional do desporto tem vindo a alargar-se e, concomitantemente, a complexificar-se. As ocupações tradicionais adstritas ao ensino e ao treino sofreram metamorfoses, aumentando as dificuldades de conceitualização de competência profissional. Neste estudo, procura-se identificar o conceito que os profissionais do desporto denotam de profissional competente, na persecução da identificação de um mapa conceitual transversal às quatro áreas ocupacionais consideradas: Educação Física, Treino, Atividade Física Adaptada e "Fitness". Foram entrevistados 120 profissionais (30 de cada área ocupacional sobre o conceito de competência e de profissional competente. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se procedimentos de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados são ilustrativos da frágil conceitualização que ainda caracteriza o campo do profissional do desporto. Identificam-se, contudo, traços comuns que apontam para a busca de uma unidade identitária centrada na competência de conhecimento e ética coadjuvada pela competência pessoal e social em estreita articulação com a competência funcional, sendo que as metacompetências e a motivação são fatores valorizados, os quais assumem a função de sustentação da competência profissional.The intervention field of the sports professional has become broader and more complex. Traditional occupations related to education and coaching have transformed and increased, bringing more difficulties to the already difficult conceptualization of professional competence. In this study we tried to understand the conception of professional competence that sports professionals have in the pursuit of identifying a conceptual map across the four occupational areas: Physical Education, Coaching, Fitness and Adapted Physical Activity. We interviewed 120 professionals (30 of each occupational area about the understanding of competence and competent professional. Data analysis

Analysis for a two-dissimilar-component cold standby repairable system with repair priority

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leung, Kit Nam Francis; Zhang Yuanlin; Lai, Kin Keung

2011-01-01

In this paper, a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components and one repairman is studied. Assume that working time distributions and repair time distributions of the two components are both exponential, and Component 1 has repair priority when both components are broken down. After repair, Component 1 follows a geometric process repair while Component 2 obeys a perfect repair. Under these assumptions, using the perfect repair model, the geometric process repair model and the supplementary variable technique, we not only study some important reliability indices, but also consider a replacement policy T, under which the system is replaced when the working age of Component 1 reaches T. Our problem is to determine an optimal policy T* such that the long-run average loss per unit time (i.e. average loss rate) of the system is minimized. The explicit expression for the average loss rate of the system is derived, and the corresponding optimal replacement policy T* can be found numerically. Finally, a numerical example for replacement policy T is given to illustrate some theoretical results and the model's applicability. - Highlights: → A two-dissimilar-component cold standby system with repair priority is formulated. → The successive up/repair times of Component 1 form a decreasing/increasing geometric process. → Not only some reliability indices but also a replacement policy are studied.

The Streptococcus sanguinis competence regulon is not required for infective endocarditis virulence in a rabbit model.

Science.gov (United States)

Callahan, Jill E; Munro, Cindy L; Kitten, Todd

2011-01-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is an important component of dental plaque and a leading cause of infective endocarditis. Genetic competence in S. sanguinis requires a quorum sensing system encoded by the early comCDE genes, as well as late genes controlled by the alternative sigma factor, ComX. Previous studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans have identified functions for the >100-gene com regulon in addition to DNA uptake, including virulence. We investigated this possibility in S. sanguinis. Strains deleted for the comCDE or comX master regulatory genes were created. Using a rabbit endocarditis model in conjunction with a variety of virulence assays, we determined that both mutants possessed infectivity equivalent to that of a virulent control strain, and that measures of disease were similar in rabbits infected with each strain. These results suggest that the com regulon is not required for S. sanguinis infective endocarditis virulence in this model. We propose that the different roles of the S. sanguinis, S. pneumoniae, and S. mutans com regulons in virulence can be understood in relation to the pathogenic mechanisms employed by each species.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COML, A TRANSCRIPTION UNIT INVOLVED IN COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT OF BACILLUS-SUBTILIS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANSINDEREN, D; WITHOFF, S; BOELS, H; VENEMA, G

1990-01-01

Using the transformation-deficient mutant M465, which was previously isolated by means of insertional mutagenesis with plasmid pHV60, a transcription unit comL required for genetic competence of Bacillus subtilis was identified. A chromosomal DNA fragment flanking the inserted pHV60 was isolated and

DNA Repair in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Distinct from That in Non-Pluripotent Human Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Li Z.; Park, Sang-Won; Bates, Steven E.; Zeng, Xianmin; Iverson, Linda E.; O'Connor, Timothy R.

2012-01-01

The potential for human disease treatment using human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), also carries the risk of added genomic instability. Genomic instability is most often linked to DNA repair deficiencies, which indicates that screening/characterization of possible repair deficiencies in pluripotent human stem cells should be a necessary step prior to their clinical and research use. In this study, a comparison of DNA repair pathways in pluripotent cells, as compared to those in non-pluripotent cells, demonstrated that DNA repair capacities of pluripotent cell lines were more heterogeneous than those of differentiated lines examined and were generally greater. Although pluripotent cells had high DNA repair capacities for nucleotide excision repair, we show that ultraviolet radiation at low fluxes induced an apoptotic response in these cells, while differentiated cells lacked response to this stimulus, and note that pluripotent cells had a similar apoptotic response to alkylating agent damage. This sensitivity of pluripotent cells to damage is notable since viable pluripotent cells exhibit less ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage than do differentiated cells that receive the same flux. In addition, the importance of screening pluripotent cells for DNA repair defects was highlighted by an iPSC line that demonstrated a normal spectral karyotype, but showed both microsatellite instability and reduced DNA repair capacities in three out of four DNA repair pathways examined. Together, these results demonstrate a need to evaluate DNA repair capacities in pluripotent cell lines, in order to characterize their genomic stability, prior to their pre-clinical and clinical use. PMID:22412831

AstroCom NYC: Expanding the Partnership

Science.gov (United States)

Paglione, Timothy; Ford, Saavik; Agueros, Marcel A.; Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark; Robbins, Dennis

2015-01-01

AstroCom NYC is an undergraduate mentoring program designed to improve urban minority student access to opportunities in astrophysical research by greatly enhancing partnerships between research astronomers in New York City (City University of New York - an MSI, American Museum of Natural History, and Columbia). AstroCom NYC provides centralized, personalized mentoring as well as financial and academic support, to CUNY undergraduates throughout their studies, plus the resources and opportunities to further CUNY faculty research with students. The goal is that students' residency at AMNH helps them build a sense of belonging in the field, and readies and inspires them for graduate study. AstroCom NYC provides a rigorous Methods of Scientific Research course developed specifically to this purpose, a laptop, research and career mentors, outreach activities, scholarships and stipends, Metrocards, and regular assessment for maximum effectiveness. Stipends in part alleviate the burdens at home typical for CUNY students so they may concentrate on their academic success. AMNH serves as the central hub for our faculty and students, who are otherwise dispersed among all five boroughs of the City. For our second cohort, we dramatically improved the application and screening process, implemented a number of tools to evaluate their potential for grad school, and began growing a network of potential hosts for summer internships around NY State and the US. We review these implementations and outcomes, as well as plans for Year 3, when we expect many of our current students to compete for external summer REUs, and after greatly expanding the program reach through a NASA community college initiative.

Religiosity And Moral Competence: A Study Of Malaysia's Accounting Students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umaru Mustapha ZUBAIRU

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the earliest part of the twenty-first century, the world was rocked by several financial scandals; from Enron to WorldCom; Tyco to Parmalat; Arthur Andersen to Shell, and more recently, the global financial crisis; these scandals directed the world’s attention towards the seemingly ever-growing moral malaise amongst accountants and business people. In order to address this alarming increase in unethical and immoral behaviours among accountants and business people in Malaysia, the government mandated the teaching of Islamic and Moral studies at all levels of education. The underlying assumption was that an increased level of religiosity would translate into higher levels of moral competency. This paper sought to assess the effectiveness of Malaysia's educational policy of mandatory Islamic studies in developing the moral competencies of the country's future Muslim accountants. This was achieved by determining whether a positive relationship existed between the religiosity and moral competencies of Muslim accounting students enrolled at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM. The results revealed that although a small and positive correlation existed between the students' religiosity and moral competencies, a knowledge gap existed preventing them from being able to fully apply Islamic principles in an accounting context

CUMULATIVE SYSTEM OF STUDENTS’ COMPETENCIES ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

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Vladimir GUŢU

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This article is dedicated to the problem of competencies assessment, which is a new reference framework of edu­cational outcomes. It proposes a systemic and contextual approach to this process focusing on the following issues: understanding the multifunctional phenomenon of competencies, gradual manifestation of competencies in different contexts, diversified range of assessment forms and techniques determined by the contexts and peculiarities of com­pe­tence’s manifestation, accumulation of points during learning-assessment process, determination of ranking concerning the level of competencies possession.SISTEMUL CUMULATIV DE EVALUARE A COMPETENŢELOR LA STUDENŢI ÎN CADRUL ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNTULUI SUPERIORArticolul este dedicat problemei privind evaluarea competenţelor – un nou cadru de referinţă al finalităţilor educaţionale. Se propune o abordare sistemică şi contextuală a acestui proces axată pe: înţelegerea fenomenului polifuncţional al competenţelor, manifestarea graduală a competeneţelor în diferite contexte, ansamblu diversificat de forme şi tehnici de evaluare determinate de contexte şi particularităţile de manifestare a competenţei, acumularea de punctaj pe parcursul procesului de învăţare-evaluare, stabilirea clasamentului privind nivelul de posedare a competenţelor.

40 CFR 798.5500 - Differential growth inhibition of repair proficient and repair deficient bacteria: “Bacterial DNA...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... repair proficient and repair deficient bacteria: âBacterial DNA damage or repair tests.â 798.5500 Section... inhibition of repair proficient and repair deficient bacteria: “Bacterial DNA damage or repair tests.” (a... killing or growth inhibition of repair deficient bacteria in a set of repair proficient and deficient...

DNA repair protocols

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjergbæk, Lotte

In its 3rd edition, this Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) book covers the eukaryotic response to genomic insult including advanced protocols and standard techniques in the field of DNA repair. Offers expert guidance for DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Current knowledge of the mechanisms...... that regulate DNA repair has grown significantly over the past years with technology advances such as RNA interference, advanced proteomics and microscopy as well as high throughput screens. The third edition of DNA Repair Protocols covers various aspects of the eukaryotic response to genomic insult including...... recent advanced protocols as well as standard techniques used in the field of DNA repair. Both mammalian and non-mammalian model organisms are covered in the book, and many of the techniques can be applied with only minor modifications to other systems than the one described. Written in the highly...

DNA repair in human cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Regan, J.D.; Carrier, W.L.; Kusano, I.; Furuno-Fukushi, I.; Dunn, W.C. Jr.; Francis, A.A.; Lee, W.H.

1982-01-01

Our primary objective is to elucidate the molecular events in human cells when cellular macromolecules such as DNA are damaged by radiation or chemical agents. We study and characterize (i) the sequence of DNA repair events, (ii) the various modalities of repair, (iii) the genetic inhibition of repair due to mutation, (iv) the physiological inhibition of repair due to mutation, (v) the physiological inhibition of repair due to biochemical inhibitors, and (vi) the genetic basis of repair. Our ultimate goals are to (i) isolate and analyze the repair component of the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic event in human cells, and (ii) elucidate the magnitude and significance of this repair component as it impinges on the practical problems of human irradiation or exposure to actual or potential chemical mutagens and carcinogens. The significance of these studies lies in (i) the ubiquitousness of repair (most organisms, including man, have several complex repair systems), (ii) the belief that mutagenic and carcinogenic events may arise only from residual (nonrepaired) lesions or that error-prone repair systems may be the major induction mechanisms of the mutagenic or carcinogenic event, and (iii) the clear association of repair defects and highly carcinogenic disease states in man [xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)

Flexor tendon repair: a comparative study between a knotless barbed suture repair and a traditional four-strand monofilament suture repair.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Joyce, C W

2014-01-01

We compared the tensile strength of a novel knotless barbed suture method with a traditional four-strand Adelaide technique for flexor tendon repairs. Forty fresh porcine flexor tendons were transected and randomly assigned to one of the repair groups before repair. Biomechanical testing demonstrated that the tensile strengths between both tendon groups were very similar. However, less force was required to create a 2 mm gap in the four-strand repair method compared with the knotless barbed technique. There was a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area in the barbed suture group after repair compared with the Adelaide group. This would create better gliding within the pulley system in vivo and could decrease gapping and tendon rupture.

Emotional competence relating to perceived stress and burnout in Spanish teachers: a mediator model

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Lourdes Rey

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This study examined direct associations between emotional competence, perceived stress and burnout in 489 Spanish teachers. In addition, a model in which perceived stress mediated pathways linking emotional competence to teacher burnout symptoms was also examined. Results showed that emotional competence and stress were significantly correlated with teacher burnout symptoms in the expected direction. Moreover, mediational analysis indicated that perceived stress partly mediated the relationship between emotional competence and the three dimensions of burnout even when controlling for salient background characteristics. These findings suggest an underlying process by which high emotional competence may increase the capacity to cope with symptoms of burnout, by reducing the experience of stress. Implications of these findings for future research and for working with teachers to prevent burnout are discussed.

Crenças de servidores de uma universidade pública federal em relação à gestão de pessoas por competências

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Emanuella Melina da Silva Nicolazzi

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar crenças de servidores técnico- administrativos de uma universidade pública em relação à Gestão de Pessoas por Competências como novo modelo de gestão de pessoas a ser implementado na organização. A pesquisa foi realizada com dezesseis servidores técnico-administrativos, participantes de curso de sensibilização sobre Gestão de Pessoas por Competências. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada que, para o procedimento de análise, teve seus principais trechos agrupados em categorias, criadas com base nas respostas dos sujeitos e interpretadas fundamentando-se no referencial teórico adotado. Os principais resultados demonstraram que as crenças dos participantes foram positivas relativamente à implementação do novo modelo de gestão de pessoas. As principais crenças foram relacionadas à promoção de capacitação para o desenvolvimento de competências e à valorização e realocação de pessoas de acordo com suas competências. O curso de sensibilização, conduzido de maneira positiva, pressupõe a aprendizagem de crenças favoráveis em relação ao modelo.

SeisComP 3 - Where are we now?

Science.gov (United States)

Saul, Joachim; Becker, Jan; Hanka, Winfried; Heinloo, Andres; Weber, Bernd

2010-05-01

The seismological software SeisComP has evolved within the last approximately 10 years from a pure acquisition modules to a fully featured real-time earthquake monitoring software. The now very popular SeedLink protocol for seismic data transmission has been the core of SeisComP from the very beginning. Later additions included simple, purely automatic event detection, location and magnitude determination capabilities. Especially within the development of the 3rd-generation SeisComP, also known as "SeisComP 3", automatic processing capabilities have been augmented by graphical user interfaces for vizualization, rapid event review and quality control. Communication between the modules is achieved using a a TCP/IP infrastructure that allows distributed computing and remote review. For seismological metadata exchange export/import to/from QuakeML is avalable, which also provides a convenient interface with 3rd-party software. SeisComP is the primary seismological processing software at the GFZ Potsdam. It has also been in use for years in numerous seismic networks in Europe and, more recently, has been adopted as primary monitoring software by several tsunami warning centers around the Indian Ocean. In our presentation we describe the current status of development as well as future plans. We illustrate its possibilities by discussing different use cases for global and regional real-time earthquake monitoring and tsunami warning.

[Accepted Manuscript] Doctor Competence and the Demand for Healthcare: Evidence from Rural China.

OpenAIRE

Fe, E.; Powell-Jackson, T.; Yip, W.

2016-01-01

: The agency problem between patients and doctors has long been emphasised in the health economics literature, but the empirical evidence on whether patients can evaluate and respond to better quality care remains mixed and inconclusive. Using household data linked to an assessment of village doctors' clinical competence in rural China, we show that there is no correlation between doctor competence and patients' healthcare utilisation, with confidence intervals reasonably tight around zero. H...

Up-regulation of mismatch repair genes MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1 parallels development of genetic instability and is linked to tumor aggressiveness and early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilczak, Waldemar; Rashed, Semin; Hube-Magg, Claudia; Kluth, Martina; Simon, Ronald; Büscheck, Franziska; Clauditz, Till Sebastian; Grupp, Katharina; Minner, Sarah; Tsourlakis, Maria Christina; Möller-Koop, Christina; Graefen, Markus; Adam, Meike; Haese, Alexander; Wittmer, Corinna; Sauter, Guido; Izbicki, Jakob Robert; Huland, Hartwig; Schlomm, Thorsten; Steurer, Stefan; Krech, Till; Lebok, Patrick

2017-01-01

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is integral to the maintenance of genetic stability. We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of MMR gene expression in prostate cancer. The MMR genes MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11152 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared with ETS-related gene status and deletions of PTEN, 3p13, 5q21 and 6q15. MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2 expression was detectable in 89.5%, 85.4% and 85.0% of cancers and was particularly strong in cancers with advanced pathological tumor stage (P < 0.0001 each), high Gleason grade (P < 0.0001 each), nodal metastasis (P ≤ 0.0083) and early biochemical recurrence (P < 0.0001). High levels of MMR gene expression paralleled features of genetic instability, such as the number of genomic deletions per cancer; strong expression of all three MMR genes was found in 24%, 29%, 30%, 33% and 42% of cancers with no, one, two, three or four to five deletions (P < 0.0001). The prognostic value of the analyzed MMR genes was largely driven by the subset of cancers lacking ERG fusion (P < 0.0001), while the prognostic impact of MMR gene overexpression was only marginal in ERG-positive cancers. Multivariate analyses suggested an independent prognostic relevance of MMR genes in ERG-negative prostate cancers when compared with prognostic parameters available at the time of initial biopsy. In conclusion, MMR overexpression is common in prostate cancer and is linked to poor outcome as well as features indicating genetic instability. ERG fusion should be analyzed along with MMR gene expression in potential clinical tests. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Effect of heat shock on poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase and DNA repair in Drosophila cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nolan, N.L.; Kidwell, W.R.

1982-04-01

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, a chromatin-bound enzyme which attaches polyanionic chains of ADP-ribose to nuclear proteins, was found to be temperature sensitive in intact Drosophila melanogaster cells. The synthetase was completely inactivated by heat-shocking the cells at 37/sup 0/C for 5 min, a condition which had no appreciable effect on the subsequent growth of Drosophila cells at their physiological temperature. The heat-shock effect on synthetase was reversible; enzyme activity began to reappear about 2 hr post heat shock. During the 2-hr interval when poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase was absent, the cells were competent in repair of ..gamma..-ray-induced DNA strand breaks as shown by DNA sedimentation studies on alkaline sucrose gradients. It is thus concluded that poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is unnecessary for repair of DNA strand breaks introduced by irradiation. The same conclusion was reached from the fact that two inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase 3-aminobenzamide and 5-methylnicotinamide, failed to block repair of ..gamma..-ray-induced DNA chain breaks even though both inhibitors reduced the amount of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized in cells by 50-75%. Although it was found that the repair of DNA strand breaks is independent of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, irradiation does activate the synthetase in control cells, as shown by radioimmunoassay of poly(ADP-ribose) levels.

Effect of heat shock on poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase and DNA repair in Drosophila cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nolan, N.L.; Kidwell, W.R.

1982-01-01

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, a chromatin-bound enzyme which attaches polyanionic chains of ADP-ribose to nuclear proteins, was found to be temperature sensitive in intact Drosophila melanogaster cells. The synthetase was completely inactivated by heat-shocking the cells at 37 0 C for 5 min, a condition which had no appreciable effect on the subsequent growth of Drosophila cells at their physiological temperature. The heat-shock effect on synthetase was reversible; enzyme activity began to reappear about 2 hr post heat shock. During the 2-hr interval when poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase was absent, the cells were competent in repair of γ-ray-induced DNA strand breaks as shown by DNA sedimentation studies on alkaline sucrose gradients. It is thus concluded that poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is unnecessary for repair of DNA strand breaks introduced by irradiation. The same conclusion was reached from the fact that two inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase 3-aminobenzamide and 5-methylnicotinamide, failed to block repair of γ-ray-induced DNA chain breaks even though both inhibitors reduced the amount of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized in cells by 50-75%. Although it was found that the repair of DNA strand breaks is independent of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, irradiation does activate the synthetase in control cells, as shown by radioimmunoassay of poly(ADP-ribose) levels

Cenário da implantação de gestão por competências no Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alanna Garcia

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata gestão por competências como uma inovação em modelo de gestão, justificando através de revisão teórica tal concepção, e busca identificar como o modelo está sendo implementado no Brasil. Foi feito um levantamento dos estudos realizados com a temática de análise da implementação do modelo de 2000 a 2011 nos periódicos classificados como de nível superior pela Qualis/CAPES. As análises possibilitaram concluir que só foi possível considerar a implantação do modelo como uma inovação radical em modelo de gestão quando a gestão por competências foi implementada com rigor conceitual e metodológico, obtendo os resultados esperados.

Competencies em promoção da saúde: desafios da formação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Gonçalves Moura Pinheiro

2015-03-01

Full Text Available O CompHP foi desenvolvido na Europa, em 2012, com o intuito de estabelecer competências e um sistema de certificação para a Promoção da Saúde. Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma reflexão teórica a respeito das possibilidades e limites da utilização do CompHP na formação de profissionais de saúde no Brasil. As bases teóricas que dão suporte a essa reflexão foram buscadas na literatura científica e ajustadas nos debates que aconteceram no interior de uma disciplina de pósgraduação stricto sensu, em 2012. Diversos trabalhos têm discutido e elaborado diretrizes para o estabelecimento de competências em promoção da saúde em todo o mundo, porém, as discussões sobre competências profissionais para a promoção da saúde que têm sido construídas no Brasil são ainda circunscritas a determinadas práticas profissionais. A partir das análises dos textos científicos, fica evidente que as diretrizes do CompHP foram cunhadas para se pensar a formação e a prática em promoção da saúde no contexto europeu, porém, as características do modelo de formação profissional praticado no Brasil podem se beneficiar muito com a proposta de competências que este documento traz.

Desempenho organizacional e suas relações com competências gerenciais, suporte organizacional e treinamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Pena Brandão

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Na pesquisa aqui relatada, objetivou-se verificar a existência de relações preditivas entre as competências expressas por gerentes de agências bancárias, a percepção deles sobre o suporte organizacional, o número de horas dedicadas por eles a treinamentos e o desempenho das agências em que atuam. Valeu-se de questionários estruturados para coleta de dados primários, sendo a amostra constituída por 186 gerentes de agências e 77 superintendentes regionais do Banco do Brasil. Utilizaram-se, também, dados secundários sobre o desempenho das agências em seis dimensões: resultado econômico, estratégia e operações, sociedade, clientes, processos e comportamento organizacional. Foram realizadas análises de regressão padrão para teste do modelo de investigação. As competências relativas à gestão estratégica e à gestão financeira revelaram-se preditoras de diferentes dimensões do desempenho das agências. Outras competências (gestão de processos e gestão socioambiental, o número de horas dedicadas a treinamentos e a percepção dos gestores acerca das práticas de gestão de desempenho da empresa (uma dimensão do suporte organizacional apresentaram efeitos menos abrangentes. Depois de isolados os efeitos de variáveis de controle, as variâncias explicadas pelos referidos preditores situaram-se entre 2,2% e 6,8%. Recaiu sobre o desempenho da agência na perspectiva clientes o menor percentual de explicação e sobre o desempenho nas perspectivas resultado econômico e estratégia e operações a maior variância explicada. Ao final, são discutidas implicações dos resultados e apresentadas recomendações práticas.

Competências de Professores: um fator competitivoCompetences of Professors: a competitive advantageCompetencias de Profesores: un factor competitivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

NASSIF, Vânia Maria Jorge

2006-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de verificar se a função Recursos Humanos das universidades privadas brasileiras estimula o desenvolvimento das competências do professor necessário para aumentar a competitividade das mesmas. A pesquisa qualitativa foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas com principais executivos das universidades. Uma outra pesquisa quantitativa foi desenvolvida por meio de um questionário fechado e auto-aplicável em 282 professores. A análise fatorial gerou algumas categorias de competências do professor. Os resultados revelaram que os professores reconhecem as competências necessárias para o exercício da docência, por outro lado, as universidades não percebem as ações e práticas de Recursos Humanos que facilitam o desenvolvimento dessas competências, propiciando um diferencial competitivo no ambiente acadêmico.ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to verify if the Human Resources function in five Brazilian private universities stimulates the development and the exercise of the professor’s competences needed to raise their competitiveness. A qualitative research was conducted interviewing top management and Human Resources professionals of these universities. Another quantitative research was carried out using a self applied and closed questionnaire answered by 282 professors. A factor analysis identified 12 factors of professor’s competences that are viewed fundamental to exercise teacher’s function. Results revealed the professors recognize what are the competencies needed; however, the universities do not realize Human Resources actions facilitating them to develop these competences, promoting competitiveness in the academic market.RESUMENEsta investigación tuvo por finalidad verificar si la función Recursos Humanos de las universidades privadas brasileñas estimula el desarrollo de las competencias del profesor, necesario para aumentar la competitividad de las mismas. La investigaci

Análise do desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais na construção civil através do modelo da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas adaptado ao contexto organizacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vitor William Batista Martins

Full Text Available As mudanças no cenário da engenharia civil e consequentemente da gestão da produção das obras exigem um engenheiro com perfil diferente, resultando na necessidade novas competências, relacionadas a inovação, foco no cliente, planejamento e controle, sistemas de gestão da qualidade, sustentabilidade e uma visão humanista. O objetivo principal deste artigo é identificar as competências desenvolvidas em uma empresa construtora com o processo de implantação da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas adaptado ao contexto organizacional. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi a pesquisa-ação, na qual a equipe de pesquisa atua com profissionais para melhorar a forma como estes entendem e resolvem problemas. Os resultados alcançados envolveram o desenvolvimento de competências relacionadas ao contexto organizacional, à aprendizagem individual, coletiva e organizacional, apontando problemas e possíveis soluções de gestão na empresa. Através do desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais, foi estimulada uma visão humanística, sustentável, com foco no cliente, além de um melhor sistema de gestão da qualidade. Identificaram-se problemas no sistema de gestão organizacional, ficando evidente a necessidade da criação de um ambiente propício para troca de informações entre diferentes setores da empresa.

Repair response for DNA double-strand damage through ubiquitylation of chromatin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakada, Shinichiro

2011-01-01

The chromatin modulation (remodeling) via lysine63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin (U) has been found important in the repair response for DNA double-strand damage, and the sequential signaling events at the damage site are explained. As the first step of the repair, MRN (MRE11, RAD50 and nibrin) complex recognizes the damage site and binds to it followed by many linked reactions by recruited and activated enzymes of various protein kinases and phosphatases, which resulting in the enhanced early signaling. As well, gamma-H2AX (phosphorylated histone H2AX) is yielded by the process, to which phosphorylated MDC1 (mediator of DNA-damage checkpoint 1) binds to produce their complex. Then further binding of RNF8-HERC2-UBC13 (ring finger protein 8, hect domain and RCC1 (CHC1)-like domain, and U conjugating enzyme E2N, respectively) occurs for starting the cumulative ubiquitylation of H2AX via K63 as the middle phase response. Signaling in the late phase occurs on the U chain formed at the damage site by binding of RAP (receptor-associated protein) 80 and other recruited 5 proteins like BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) to repair DNA by the homologous recombination after 53BP1 (tumor protein p53 binding protein) binding followed by methylation of histone H4. In a case of human compound heterozygous RNF168 defect, RIDDLE syndrome (radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features and learning difficulties), cells have no and slight abnormality of G2/M and intra-S checkpoint, respectively. Another defecting case with homozygous nonsense mutation has high radiosensitivity, intra-S checkpoint abnormality and others. Abnormality of immuno-globulins observed in both cases is similar to that in the RNF8-knockout mouse. Many tasks in chromatin ubiquitylation in the repair are still remained to be solved for protection and treatment of related diseases. (T.T.)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolide) polymer constructs cross-linked with human BMP-6 and VEGF protein significantly enhance rat mandible defect repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Anusuya; Fishero, Brian A; Christophel, J Jared; Li, Ching-Ju; Kohli, Nikita; Lin, Yong; Dighe, Abhijit S; Cui, Quanjun

2016-04-01

We have previously shown that the combined delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) induces significantly more bone formation than that induced by the delivery of any single factor or a combination of any two factors. We now determine whether the exogenous addition of VEGF and BMP-6 is sufficient for bone healing when MSCs are not provided. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microsphere-based three-dimensional scaffolds (P) were fabricated by thermal sintering of PLAGA microspheres. The scaffolds were chemically cross-linked with 200 ng recombinant human VEGF (P(VEGF)) or BMP-6 (P(BMP-6)) or both (P(VEGF+BMP-6)) by the EDC-NHS-MES method. Release of the proteins from the scaffolds was detected for 21 days in vitro which confirmed their comparable potential to supply the proteins in vivo. The scaffolds were delivered to a critical-sized mandibular defect created in 32 Sprague Dawley rats. Significant bone regeneration was observed only in rats with P(VEGF+BMP-6) scaffolds at weeks 2, 8 and 12 as revealed by micro-computer tomography. Vascular ingrowth was higher in the P(VEGF+BMP-6) group as seen by microfil imaging than in other groups. Trichrome staining revealed that a soft callus formed in P(VEGF), P(BMP-6) and P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not in P. MSCs isolated from rat femurs displayed expression of the bone-specific marker osteocalcin when cultured with P(VEGF), P(BMP-6), or P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not with P. Robust mineralization and increased alkaline phosphatase gene expression were seen in rat MSCs when cultured on P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not on P, P(VEGF), or P(BMP-6). Thus, unlike the delivery of VEGF or BMP-6 alone, the combined delivery of VEGF and BMP-6 to the bone defect significantly enhanced bone repair through the enhancement of angiogenesis and the differentiation of endogenously recruited MSCs into the bone repair site.

Multiple effects of fluorescent light on repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA lesions in cultured goldfish cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uchida, Nobuhiro; Mitani, Hiroshi; Shima, Akihiro

1995-01-01

It is known that fluorescent light illumination prior to UV irradiation (FL preillumination) of cultured fish cells increases photorepair (PR) ability. In the present study, it was found that FL preillumination also enhanced UV resistance of logarithmically growing cells in the dark. This enhancement of UV resistance differs from induction of PR because it was not suppressed by cyclohexamide (CH) and it occurred immediately after FL preillumination. The effects of FL preillumination on repair of UV-induced DNA lesions in the dark were examined by an endonuclease-sensitive site assay to measure the repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate the repair of (6-4) photoproducts. It was found that excision repair ability for (6-4) photoproducts in the genome overall was increased by FL preillumination. Moreover, a decrease in (6-4) photoproducts by FL illumination immediately after UV irradiation of the cells was found, the decrement being enhanced by FL preillumination with or without CH. (author)

Multiple effects of fluorescent light on repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA lesions in cultured goldfish cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uchida, Nobuhiro; Mitani, Hiroshi; Shima, Akihiro [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Lab. of Radiation Biology

1995-01-01

It is known that fluorescent light illumination prior to UV irradiation (FL preillumination) of cultured fish cells increases photorepair (PR) ability. In the present study, it was found that FL preillumination also enhanced UV resistance of logarithmically growing cells in the dark. This enhancement of UV resistance differs from induction of PR because it was not suppressed by cyclohexamide (CH) and it occurred immediately after FL preillumination. The effects of FL preillumination on repair of UV-induced DNA lesions in the dark were examined by an endonuclease-sensitive site assay to measure the repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate the repair of (6-4) photoproducts. It was found that excision repair ability for (6-4) photoproducts in the genome overall was increased by FL preillumination. Moreover, a decrease in (6-4) photoproducts by FL illumination immediately after UV irradiation of the cells was found, the decrement being enhanced by FL preillumination with or without CH. (author).

Self-Regulation Mediates the Link between Family Context and Socioemotional Competence in Turkish Preschoolers

Science.gov (United States)

Gündüz, Gizem; Yagmurlu, Bilge; Harma, Mehmet

2015-01-01

Research Findings: In this study, we examined self-regulatory skills, namely, effortful control and executive function, in Turkish preschoolers (N = 217) and their mediating roles in the associations between parenting and children's socioemotional competence. We also investigated the role of family socioeconomic status and maternal psychological…

Satisfaction, function and repair integrity after arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Barnes, L A Fink; Kim, H M; Caldwell, J-M; Buza, J; Ahmad, C S; Bigliani, L U; Levine, W N

2017-02-01

Advances in arthroscopic techniques for rotator cuff repair have made the mini-open approach less popular. However, the mini-open approach remains an important technique for repair for many surgeons. The aims of this study were to compare the integrity of the repair, the function of the shoulder and satisfaction post-operatively using these two techniques in patients aged > 50 years. We identified 22 patients treated with mini-open and 128 patients treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of July 2007 and June 2011. The mean follow-up was two years (1 to 5). Outcome was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores, and satisfaction. The integrity of the repair was assessed using ultrasonography. A power analysis ensured sufficient enrolment. There was no statistically significant difference between the age, function, satisfaction, or pain scores (p > 0.05) of the two groups. The integrity of the repair and the mean SST scores were significantly better in the mini-open group (91% of mini-open repairs were intact versus 60% of arthroscopic repairs, p = 0.023; mean SST score 10.9 (standard deviation (sd) 1.3) in the mini-open group; 8.9 (sd 3.5) in arthroscopic group; p = 0.003). The ASES scores were also higher in the mini-open group (mean ASES score 91.0 (sd 10.5) in mini-open group; mean 82.70 (sd 19.8) in the arthroscopic group; p = 0.048). The integrity of the repair and function of the shoulder were better after a mini-open repair than after arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear in these patients. The functional difference did not translate into a difference in satisfaction. Mini-open rotator cuff repair remains a useful technique despite advances in arthroscopy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:245-9. ©2017 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

Full incorporation of Strattice™ Reconstructive Tissue Matrix in a reinforced hiatal hernia repair: a case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Freedman Bruce E

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Introduction A non-cross-linked porcine acellular dermal matrix was used to reinforce an esophageal hiatal hernia repair. A second surgery was required 11 months later to repair a slipped Nissen; this allowed for examination of the hiatal hernia repair and showed the graft to be well vascularized and fully incorporated. Case presentation A 71-year-old Caucasian woman presented with substernal burning and significant dysphagia. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed a type III complex paraesophageal hiatal hernia. She underwent laparoscopic surgery to repair a hiatal hernia that was reinforced with a xenograft (Strattice™ Reconstructive Tissue Matrix, LifeCell, Branchburg, NJ, USA along with a Nissen fundoplication. A second surgery was required to repair a slipped Nissen; this allowed for examination of the hiatal repair and graft incorporation 11 months after the initial surgery. Conclusion In this case, a porcine acellular dermal matrix was an effective tool to reinforce the crural hiatal hernia repair. The placement of the mesh and method of fixation are believed to be crucial to the success of the graft. It was found to be well vascularized 11 months after the original placement with no signs of erosion, stricture, or infection. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to support the findings of this case report.

Competências profissionais em Educação Física: uma abordagem ao longo da carreira docente Professional competences in Physical Education: an approach along the educational career

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Gelcemar Oliveira Farias

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as competências profissionais elucidadas na carreira docente de professores de Educação Física escolar. Participaram 64 professores de Educação Física da rede pública municipal de Porto Alegre - RS. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas, cujas respostas foram categorizadas a partir do modelo de competência profissional de Cheetham; Chivers (1998, com o emprego do Software Nvivo 7.0. No conjunto de competências analisadas, identificou-se que professores mais experientes são aqueles que em suas trajetórias se sobressaem as competências funcionais, caracterizadas pela competência específica do ofício e de organização e gestão. Destaca-se que a dimensão social e vocacional foi preponderante no decorrer da carreira docente, em detrimento da dimensão intrapessoal da competência social e pessoal. Apesar da importância da ética à profissão docente, a dimensão competência ética e valores não foi expressiva nas unidades de registro deste estudo.The objective of this study was to analyze the professional competences elucidated in the educational career of Physical Education teachers from school. 64 teachers of Physical Education of the municipal public net of Porto Alegre (RS participated in the study. In the collection of data a questionnaire was used composed by open and closed questions, whose answers were classified based on the model of professional competence of Cheetham; Chivers (1998, with the application of the Software Nvivo 7.0. In the group of analyzed competences, it was identified that teachers with more experience are those that stand out the functional competences in their paths, characterized by the specific competence of the occupation and of the organization and administration. It stands out that the social and vocational dimension was preponderant in elapsing of the educational career, in the detriment of the

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Pediatric Patients: To Repair or Not Repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gnannt, Ralph; Patel, Premal; Temple, Michael; Al Brashdi, Yahya; Amaral, Joao; Parra, Dimitri; Rea, Vanessa; Stephens, Derek; Connolly, Bairbre

2017-01-01

IntroductionPreservation of venous access in children is a major concern in pediatric interventional radiology. If a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) breaks, there are two options: repair the line with a repair kit or exchange the line over a wire in the interventional suite. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of PICC repairs in children and to compare these with the outcomes of PICC exchange.Materials and MethodsThis is a single-center, retrospective study of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) following management of externally broken PICCs (2010–2014). The occurrence of CLABSI within 30 days after repair (Group A) or exchange (Group B) of a line was analyzed, as well as PICCs exchanged following an initial and failed repair.ResultsA total of 235 PICC breaks were included in the study, of which 161 were repaired, and 116 of whom were successful (68%, Group A). No repair was performed in 74 PICCs—55/74 of these were exchanged over a wire (74%, Group B), and 19/74 lines were removed. The 30 days post-repair CLABSI rate (Group A) was 2.0 infections per 1000 catheter days, and the calculated risk was 4.3%. In comparison the 30 days post-exchange CLABSI rate (Group B) was 4.0 per 1000 catheter days and the calculated risk 10.9%. This difference was significant when adjusted for antibiotic use (OR 3.87; 95% CI 1.07–14.0, p = 0.039).ConclusionThe results of this study support repairing a broken PICC instead of removing or replacing the line.

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Pediatric Patients: To Repair or Not Repair

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gnannt, Ralph, E-mail: ralph.gnannt@usz.ch; Patel, Premal; Temple, Michael; Al Brashdi, Yahya; Amaral, Joao; Parra, Dimitri; Rea, Vanessa [University of Toronto, Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (Canada); Stephens, Derek [University of Toronto, Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Canada); Connolly, Bairbre [University of Toronto, Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (Canada)

2017-06-15

IntroductionPreservation of venous access in children is a major concern in pediatric interventional radiology. If a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) breaks, there are two options: repair the line with a repair kit or exchange the line over a wire in the interventional suite. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of PICC repairs in children and to compare these with the outcomes of PICC exchange.Materials and MethodsThis is a single-center, retrospective study of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) following management of externally broken PICCs (2010–2014). The occurrence of CLABSI within 30 days after repair (Group A) or exchange (Group B) of a line was analyzed, as well as PICCs exchanged following an initial and failed repair.ResultsA total of 235 PICC breaks were included in the study, of which 161 were repaired, and 116 of whom were successful (68%, Group A). No repair was performed in 74 PICCs—55/74 of these were exchanged over a wire (74%, Group B), and 19/74 lines were removed. The 30 days post-repair CLABSI rate (Group A) was 2.0 infections per 1000 catheter days, and the calculated risk was 4.3%. In comparison the 30 days post-exchange CLABSI rate (Group B) was 4.0 per 1000 catheter days and the calculated risk 10.9%. This difference was significant when adjusted for antibiotic use (OR 3.87; 95% CI 1.07–14.0, p = 0.039).ConclusionThe results of this study support repairing a broken PICC instead of removing or replacing the line.

NAD+ Replenishment Improves Lifespan and Healthspan in Ataxia Telangiectasia Models via Mitophagy and DNA Repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, Evandro Fei; Kassahun, Henok; Croteau, Deborah L; Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten; Marosi, Krisztina; Lu, Huiming; Shamanna, Raghavendra A; Kalyanasundaram, Sumana; Bollineni, Ravi Chand; Wilson, Mark A; Iser, Wendy B; Wollman, Bradley N; Morevati, Marya; Li, Jun; Kerr, Jesse S; Lu, Qiping; Waltz, Tyler B; Tian, Jane; Sinclair, David A; Mattson, Mark P; Nilsen, Hilde; Bohr, Vilhelm A

2016-10-11

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cerebellar ataxia. A-T is causally linked to defects in ATM, a master regulator of the response to and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The molecular basis of cerebellar atrophy and neurodegeneration in A-T patients is unclear. Here we report and examine the significance of increased PARylation, low NAD + , and mitochondrial dysfunction in ATM-deficient neurons, mice, and worms. Treatments that replenish intracellular NAD + reduce the severity of A-T neuropathology, normalize neuromuscular function, delay memory loss, and extend lifespan in both animal models. Mechanistically, treatments that increase intracellular NAD + also stimulate neuronal DNA repair and improve mitochondrial quality via mitophagy. This work links two major theories on aging, DNA damage accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction through nuclear DNA damage-induced nuclear-mitochondrial signaling, and demonstrates that they are important pathophysiological determinants in premature aging of A-T, pointing to therapeutic interventions. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Influence of repair length on residual stress in the repair weld of a clad plate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Wenchun; Xu, X.P.; Gong, J.M.; Tu, S.T.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Residual stress in the repair weld of a stainless steel clad plate is investigated. ► The effect of repair length on residual stress has been studied. ► Large tensile residual stress is generated in the repair weld and heat affected zone. ► With the increase of repair length, transverse stress is decreased. ► Repair length has little effect on longitudinal stress. - Abstract: A 3-D sequential coupling finite element simulation is performed to investigate the temperature field and residual stress in the repair weld of a stainless steel clad plate. The effect of repair length on residual stress has been studied, aiming to provide a reference for repairing the cracked clad plate. The results show that large tensile residual stresses are generated in the repair weld and heat affected zone (HAZ), and then decrease gradually away from the weld and HAZ. The residual stresses through thickness in the clad layer are relative uniform, while they are non-uniform in the base metal. A discontinuous stress distribution is generated across the interface between weld metal and base metal. The repair length has a great effect on transverse stress. With the increase of repair length, the transverse stress is decreased. When the repair length is increased to 14 cm, the peak of transverse stress has been decreased below yield strength, and the transverse stress in the weld and HAZ has also been greatly decreased. But the repair length has little effect on longitudinal stress.

Randomised trial of mitral valve repair with leaflet resection versus leaflet preservation on functional mitral stenosis (The CAMRA CardioLink-2 Trial).

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Vincent; Chu, Michael W A; Leong-Poi, Howard; Latter, David A; Hall, Judith; Thorpe, Kevin E; de Varennes, Benoit E; Quan, Adrian; Tsang, Wendy; Dhingra, Natasha; Yared, Kibar; Teoh, Hwee; Chu, F Victor; Chan, Kwan-Leung; Mesana, Thierry G; Connelly, Kim A; Ruel, Marc; Jüni, Peter; Mazer, C David; Verma, Subodh

2017-05-30

The gold-standard treatment of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to degenerative disease is valve repair, which is surgically performed with either a leaflet resection or leaflet preservation approach. Recent data suggest that functional mitral stenosis (MS) may occur following valve repair using a leaflet resection strategy, which adversely affects patient prognosis. A randomised comparison of these two approaches to mitral repair on functional MS has not been conducted. This is a prospective, multicentre randomised controlled trial designed to test the hypothesis that leaflet preservation leads to better preservation of mitral valve geometry, and therefore, will be superior to leaflet resection for the primary outcome of functional MS as assessed by 12-month mean mitral valve gradient at peak exercise. Eighty-eight patients with posterior leaflet prolapse will be randomised intraoperatively once deemed by the operating surgeon to feasibly undergo mitral repair using either a leaflet resection or leaflet preservation approach. Secondary end points include comparison of repair strategies with regard to mitral valve orifice area, leaflet coaptation height, 6 min walk test and a composite major adverse event end point consisting of recurrent MR ≥2+, death or hospital readmission for congestive heart failure within 12 months of surgery. Institutional ethics approval has been obtained from all enrolling sites. Overall, there remains clinical equipoise regarding the mitral valve repair strategy that is associated with the least likelihood of functional MS. This trial hopes to introduce high-quality evidence to help surgical decision making in this context. NCT02552771. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Developmental Pathways Linking Externalizing Symptoms, Internalizing Symptoms, and Academic Competence to Adolescent Substance Use

Science.gov (United States)

Englund, Michelle M.; Siebenbruner, Jessica

2012-01-01

This study extends previous research investigating the developmental pathways predicting adolescent alcohol and marijuana use by examining the cascading effects of externalizing and internalizing symptoms and academic competence in the prediction of use and level of use of these substances in adolescence. Participants (N = 191) were drawn from a…

LuxS impacts on LytA-dependent autolysis and on competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Science.gov (United States)

Romao, Susana; Memmi, Guido; Oggioni, Marco R; Trombe, Marie-Claude

2006-02-01

The ubiquitous protein LuxS with S-ribosylhomocysteinase activity is involved in S-adenosyl methionine detoxification, C-1 unit recycling and the production of autoinducers that allow the cell to sense and respond to cell density. Independent reports describe the impact of LuxS deficiency on Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence in the mouse. In vitro, LuxS deficiency confers discrete phenotypes. A combined approach using genetic dissection and mixed-culture experiments allowed the involvement of LuxS in the developmental physiology of S. pneumoniae to be investigated. Functional LuxS was found to be related on the one hand to down-regulation of competence, and on the other hand to attenuation of autolysis in cultures entering stationary phase. The competence phenotype of luxS mutant bacteria was complemented by media conditioned by competence-defective ComAB0 bacteria, but not by BSA. The autolytic phenotype was complemented by BSA, but not by conditioned supernatants. It is suggested that the impact of LuxS on competence, but not on autolysis, involves cell-cell communication. The phenotype of luxS mutant strains reveals a hierarchy in the competence regulatory networks of S. pneumoniae.

Link prediction via generalized coupled tensor factorisation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ermiş, Beyza; Evrim, Acar Ataman; Taylan Cemgil, A.

2012-01-01

and higher-order tensors. We propose to use an approach based on probabilistic interpretation of tensor factorisation models, i.e., Generalised Coupled Tensor Factorisation, which can simultaneously fit a large class of tensor models to higher-order tensors/matrices with com- mon latent factors using...... different loss functions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that joint analysis of data from multiple sources via coupled factorisation improves the link prediction performance and the selection of right loss function and tensor model is crucial for accurately predicting missing links....

Reference: 690 [Arabidopsis Phenome Database[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available of the cleavage reaction consisting of Spo11 covalently linked to the 5' termini of DNA. While Rad50 and Mre...th the DNA repair machinery, as the mammalian homologue of Com1/Sae2, with important implications for the mo...nit Top6A. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad50, Mre11 and Com1/Sae2 are essential to process an intermediate ...11 also confer genome stability to vegetative cells and are well conserved in evo...ore, DNA fragmentation in AtCom1 is suppressed by eliminating AtSPO11-1. In addition, AtCOM1 is specifically required

Social competence and parental practices in adolescents with high and low academic achievement / Competência social e práticas educativas parentais em adolescentes com alto e baixo rendimento acadêmico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graziela Sapienza

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This paper investigated the relations between social competence, parental practices and academic performance in adolescents. 66 adolescents took part in the study and they were divided in two groups: high and low academic performance. The tools used in this research were CBCL and YSR (Achenbach, 1991, and IEP (Gomide, 2006. The results showed that adolescents of high academic achievements are perceived by the parents as socially competent and are raised with more positive parental practices. The data indicated that academic performance is also influenced by the social competence and the way the adolescents are educated by the parents. Those aspects should be considered in interventions that aim at promoting the improvement of academic performance and development of a behavior adjusted to the school.

Improvement of adhesion performance of mortar-repair interface with inducing crack path into repair

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A. Satoh

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The most important performance for repair materials is adhesion to the substrate. The authors experimentally find out that high modulus fine aggregates in repair material enhance strength of it as well as the strength of the interface repaired with it, compared to the ordinary repair without fine aggregates. This paper elaborates the mechanisms for that with fractographic observation and FEM analysis based on the results of experiment. Also the authors discuss the ways for enhancing the strength and ductility of the repaired mortar

Radiobiological significance of DNA repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuzin, A.M.

1978-01-01

A short outline is given on the history of the problem relating to the repair of radiation injuries, specifically its molecular mechanisms. The most urgent problems which currently confront the researchers are noted. This is a further study on the role of DNA repair in post-radiation recovery, search for ways to activate and suppress DNA repair, investigations into the activity balance of various repair enzymes as well as the problem of errors in the structure of repairing DNA. An important role is attached to the investigations of DNA repair in solving a number of practical problems

A spacecraft computer repairable via command.

Science.gov (United States)

Fimmel, R. O.; Baker, T. E.

1971-01-01

The MULTIPAC is a central data system developed for deep-space probes with the distinctive feature that it may be repaired during flight via command and telemetry links by reprogramming around the failed unit. The computer organization uses pools of identical modules which the program organizes into one or more computers called processors. The interaction of these modules is dynamically controlled by the program rather than hardware. In the event of a failure, new programs are entered which reorganize the central data system with a somewhat reduced total processing capability aboard the spacecraft. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the system architecture and the final overall system design rather than the specific logic design.

Viral interference with DNA repair by targeting of the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA.

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Pubali; DeJesus, Rowena; Gjoerup, Ole; Schaffhausen, Brian S

2013-10-01

Correct repair of damaged DNA is critical for genomic integrity. Deficiencies in DNA repair are linked with human cancer. Here we report a novel mechanism by which a virus manipulates DNA damage responses. Infection with murine polyomavirus sensitizes cells to DNA damage by UV and etoposide. Polyomavirus large T antigen (LT) alone is sufficient to sensitize cells 100 fold to UV and other kinds of DNA damage. This results in activated stress responses and apoptosis. Genetic analysis shows that LT sensitizes via the binding of its origin-binding domain (OBD) to the single-stranded DNA binding protein replication protein A (RPA). Overexpression of RPA protects cells expressing OBD from damage, and knockdown of RPA mimics the LT phenotype. LT prevents recruitment of RPA to nuclear foci after DNA damage. This leads to failure to recruit repair proteins such as Rad51 or Rad9, explaining why LT prevents repair of double strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination. A targeted intervention directed at RPA based on this viral mechanism could be useful in circumventing the resistance of cancer cells to therapy.

Abstract recall of a happy memory to repair sad mood in dysphoria: A possible link to negative cognition.

Science.gov (United States)

Hetherington, Kate; Moulds, Michelle L

2015-01-01

The capacity to repair sad mood through the deliberate recall of happy memories has been found to be impaired in dysphoric individuals. Rumination, or adopting an abstract processing mode, has been proposed as a possible mechanism underpinning this effect. In low and high dysphoric participants, we examined the relative consequences of adopting an abstract or concrete processing mode during happy memory recall or engaging in distraction for (1) mood repair and (2) cognitive content. Recalling a happy memory in either an abstract or concrete way resulted in greater happiness than distraction. Engaging in abstract recall of a happy memory resulted in high dysphoric participants generating negative evaluations and negative generalisations. These findings raise the interesting possibility that abstract processing of positive memories has the potential to generate negative cognition.

The Streptococcus sanguinis competence regulon is not required for infective endocarditis virulence in a rabbit model.

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Jill E Callahan

Full Text Available Streptococcus sanguinis is an important component of dental plaque and a leading cause of infective endocarditis. Genetic competence in S. sanguinis requires a quorum sensing system encoded by the early comCDE genes, as well as late genes controlled by the alternative sigma factor, ComX. Previous studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans have identified functions for the >100-gene com regulon in addition to DNA uptake, including virulence. We investigated this possibility in S. sanguinis. Strains deleted for the comCDE or comX master regulatory genes were created. Using a rabbit endocarditis model in conjunction with a variety of virulence assays, we determined that both mutants possessed infectivity equivalent to that of a virulent control strain, and that measures of disease were similar in rabbits infected with each strain. These results suggest that the com regulon is not required for S. sanguinis infective endocarditis virulence in this model. We propose that the different roles of the S. sanguinis, S. pneumoniae, and S. mutans com regulons in virulence can be understood in relation to the pathogenic mechanisms employed by each species.

Un-repairable DNA damage in cell due to irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshii, Giichi

1992-01-01

Radiation-induced cell reproductive deactivation is caused by damage to DNA. In a cell, cellular DNA radical reacts with diffusion controlled rate and generates DNA peroxide radical. The chemical repair of DNA radical with hydrogen donation by thiol competes with the reaction of oxygen with same radicals in the DNA molecules. From the point reaction rates, the prolongation of radical life time is not as great as expected from the reduction in the glutathione content of the cell. This indicates that further reducting compounds (protein bound thiol) are present in the cell. The residual radicals are altered to strand breaks, base damages and so on. The effective lesions for a number of endpoints is un-repaired double strand break, which has been discovered in a cluster. This event gives risk to high LET radiation or to a track end of X-rays. For X- or electron irradiations the strand breaks are frequently induced by the interactions between sublesions on two strands in DNA. A single strand break followed by radical action may be unstable excited state, because of remaining sugar radical action and of having negative charged phosphates, in which strands breaks will be rejoined in a short time to stable state. On the same time, a break in the double helix will be immediately produced if two breaks are on either or approximately opposite locations. The formation of a double strand break in the helix depends on the ion strength of the cell. The potassium ions are largely released from polyanionic strand during irradiation, which results in the induction of denatured region. Double strand break with the denatured region seems to be un-repairable DNA damage. (author)

A influência da queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos no padrão oclusal de crianças com fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato Influence of lip repair performed in one and two surgical times on the dental pattern of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar Gabriel da Silva Filho

2007-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar a influência da queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos no padrão oclusal de cirnaças com fissuras bilateral completa de lábio e palato. METODOLOGIA: a relação oclusal, de acordo com o índice Bauru, para a fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato, foi estudada em uma amostra de 91 crianças nos estágios de dentadura decídua e mista. As crianças apresentavam fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato e encontravam-se distribuídas na faixa etária compreendida entre 4 anos e 3 meses e 11 anos no momento do exame oclusal. Todas as crianças foram operadas na infância, no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP, obedecendo dois protocolos de queiloplastia primária: 53 crianças foram submetidas à queiloplastia em tempo único (G1 e 38 crianças foram submetidas à queiloplastia em dois tempos cirúrgicos (G2. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: o padrão oclusal, mensurado com base numa escala de 1 a 5, de acordo com o índice Bauru para fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato, obteve média de 2,28 e 2,51 para a queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem concluir que as cirurgias plásticas primárias comprometem a oclusão na dentadura decídua e mista, independentemente do número de etapas para a realização da queiloplastia.AIM: To analyse the influence of lip repair performed in one and two surgical times on the dental pattern of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: The occlusal relationship of 91 children in the primary and mixed dentition with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP and aged 4 years and 4 months to 21 years was assessed according the Bauru yardstick. All children had BCLP and were operated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, on the basis of two surgical protocols. Of the

Knowledge and female entrepreneurship: A competence and social dimension

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Belén García-Palma

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This paper, the result of a broader research on female entrepreneurship, aims to analyze the competence dimension of knowledge on women entrepreneurs. The method used is qualitative, comparatively analyzing the speech and enterprising entrepreneurs develop knowledge about and taking these as a constitutive dimension of competencies, while a construction linked to processes and social structures. To this end, a descriptive analysis and a sociological analysis level were conducted, trying to identify whether there are specific features in such dimension on female entrepreneurs. The results show that a particular construction of knowledge in women entrepreneurs, whose justification would be given by the educational level and starting the process of building knowledge and learning process thereof may occur.

DNA repair in neurons: So if they don't divide what's to repair?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fishel, Melissa L.; Vasko, Michael R.; Kelley, Mark R.

2007-01-01

Neuronal DNA repair remains one of the most exciting areas for investigation, particularly as a means to compare the DNA repair response in mitotic (cancer) vs. post-mitotic (neuronal) cells. In addition, the role of DNA repair in neuronal cell survival and response to aging and environmental insults is of particular interest. DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as generated by mitochondrial respiration includes altered bases, abasic sites, and single- and double-strand breaks which can be prevented by the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. Oxidative stress accumulates in the DNA of the human brain over time especially in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is proposed to play a critical role in aging and in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Alzheimer's diseases. Because DNA damage accumulates in the mtDNA more than nuclear DNA, there is increased interest in DNA repair pathways and the consequence of DNA damage in the mitochondria of neurons. The type of damage that is most likely to occur in neuronal cells is oxidative DNA damage which is primarily removed by the BER pathway. Following the notion that the bulk of neuronal DNA damage is acquired by oxidative DNA damage and ROS, the BER pathway is a likely area of focus for neuronal studies of DNA repair. BER variations in brain aging and pathology in various brain regions and tissues are presented. Therefore, the BER pathway is discussed in greater detail in this review than other repair pathways. Other repair pathways including direct reversal, nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining are also discussed. Finally, there is a growing interest in the role that DNA repair pathways play in the clinical arena as they relate to the neurotoxicity and neuropathy associated with cancer treatments. Among the numerous side effects of cancer treatments, major clinical effects

Competence for Contract and Competence to Consent to Treatment

OpenAIRE

前田, 泰

2008-01-01

This paper analyzes assessing competence to consent to treatment. It focuses on problems of competence for contract and competence to consent to treatment. Finally, it discusses the degree of assessing competence to consent to treatment.

eLearning-radiology.com. Sustainability for quality assurance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ketelsen, D.; Talanow, R.; Uder, M.; Grunewald, M.

2009-01-01

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the availability of published radiological e-learning tools and to establish a solution for quality assurance. Materials and Methods: Substantial pubmed research was performed to identify radiological e-learning tools. 181 e-learning programs were selected. As examples two databases expanding their programs with external links, Compare (n = 435 external links) and TNT-Radiology (n = 1078 external links), were evaluated. A concept for quality assurance was developed by an international taskforce. Results: At the time of assessment, 56.4 % (102/181) of the investigated e-learning tools were accessible at their original URL. A subgroup analysis of programs published 5 to 8 years ago showed significantly inferior availability to programs published 3 to 5 years ago (p < 0.01). The analysis of external links showed 49.2 % and 61.0 % accessible links for the programs Compare (published 2003) and TNT-Radiology (published 2006), respectively. As a consequence, the domain www.eLearning-radiology.com was developed by the taskforce and published online. This tool allows authors to present their programs and users to evaluate the e-learning tools depending on several criteria in order to remove inoperable links and to obtain information about the complexity and quality of the e-learning tools. (orig.)

The Fanconi anemia pathway: Repairing the link between DNA damage and squamous cell carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romick-Rosendale, Lindsey E.; Lui, Vivian W.Y.; Grandis, Jennifer R.; Wells, Susanne I.

2013-01-01

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited recessive disease caused by mutations in one of fifteen genes known to encode FA pathway components. In response to DNA damage, nuclear FA proteins associate into high molecular weight complexes through a cascade of post-translational modifications and physical interactions, followed by the repair of damaged DNA. Hematopoietic cells are particularly sensitive to the loss of these interactions, and bone marrow failure occurs almost universally in FA patients. FA as a disease is further characterized by cancer susceptibility, which highlights the importance of the FA pathway in tumor suppression, and will be the focus of this review. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common cancer type, often subsequent to bone marrow failure. However, FA patients are also at an extreme risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and gynecological tract, with an even greater incidence in those individuals who have received a bone marrow transplant and recovered from hematopoietic disease. FA tumor suppression in hematopoietic versus epithelial compartments could be mechanistically similar or distinct. Definition of compartment specific FA activities is now critical to assess the effects of today's bone marrow failure treatments on tomorrow's solid tumor development. It is our hope that current therapies can then be optimized to decrease the risk of malignant transformation in both hematopoietic and epithelial cells. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of the Fanconi anemia pathway as it contributes to stress responses, DNA repair and squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility

The Fanconi Anemia Pathway: Repairing the Link Between DNA Damage and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Science.gov (United States)

Romick-Rosendale, Lindsey E.; Lui, Vivian W. Y.; Grandis, Jennifer R.; Wells, Susanne I.

2013-01-01

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited recessive disease caused by mutations in one of fifteen genes known to encode FA pathway components. In response to DNA damage, nuclear FA proteins associate into high molecular weight complexes through a cascade of post-translational modifications and physical interactions, followed by the repair of damaged DNA. Hematopoietic cells are particularly sensitive to the loss of these interactions, and bone marrow failure occurs almost universally in FA patients. FA as a disease is further characterized by cancer susceptibility, which highlights the importance of the FA pathway in tumor suppression, and will be the focus of this review. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common cancer type, often subsequent to bone marrow failure. However, FA patients are also at an extreme risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and gynecological tract, with an even greater incidence in those individuals who have received a bone marrow transplant and recovered from hematopoietic disease. FA tumor suppression in hematopoietic versus epithelial compartments could be mechanistically similar or distinct. Definition of compartment specific FA activities is now critical to assess the effects of today’s bone marrow failure treatments on tomorrow’s solid tumor development. It is our hope that current therapies can then be optimized to decrease the risk of malignant transformation in both hematopoietic and epithelial cells. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of the Fanconi anemia pathway as it contributes to stress responses, DNA repair and squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility. PMID:23333482

The Fanconi anemia pathway: Repairing the link between DNA damage and squamous cell carcinoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romick-Rosendale, Lindsey E. [Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 (United States); Lui, Vivian W.Y.; Grandis, Jennifer R. [Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Wells, Susanne I., E-mail: Susanne.Wells@cchmc.org [Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 (United States)

2013-03-15

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited recessive disease caused by mutations in one of fifteen genes known to encode FA pathway components. In response to DNA damage, nuclear FA proteins associate into high molecular weight complexes through a cascade of post-translational modifications and physical interactions, followed by the repair of damaged DNA. Hematopoietic cells are particularly sensitive to the loss of these interactions, and bone marrow failure occurs almost universally in FA patients. FA as a disease is further characterized by cancer susceptibility, which highlights the importance of the FA pathway in tumor suppression, and will be the focus of this review. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common cancer type, often subsequent to bone marrow failure. However, FA patients are also at an extreme risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and gynecological tract, with an even greater incidence in those individuals who have received a bone marrow transplant and recovered from hematopoietic disease. FA tumor suppression in hematopoietic versus epithelial compartments could be mechanistically similar or distinct. Definition of compartment specific FA activities is now critical to assess the effects of today's bone marrow failure treatments on tomorrow's solid tumor development. It is our hope that current therapies can then be optimized to decrease the risk of malignant transformation in both hematopoietic and epithelial cells. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of the Fanconi anemia pathway as it contributes to stress responses, DNA repair and squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility.

Estratégia, Estrutura e Competências Gerenciais: estudo de uma operadora de plano de saúde, modalidade autogestão

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Djair Picchiai

2009-09-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2009v11n25p229   Este estudo trata da análise de uma operadora de plano de saúde, modalidade autogestão. Foram analisadas sua estratégia, estrutura organizacional e competências gerenciais, a luz dos conceitos encontrados na literatura. Descrevese a estrutura, as diretrizes de atuação e satisfação dos clientes através da análise de documentos e entrevistas com seus principais gestores. Verifica-se como são entendidos e utilizados esses conceitos na relação da operadora com os prestadores de serviços e beneficiários. A literatura aponta para a coerência, o alinhamento e a consistência entre os conceitos de estratégia, estrutura e competências gerenciais, como forma de aumento de competitividade e desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais. Os indicadores de desempenho e o mapa estratégico aparecem como instrumentos desta avaliação.

Oralidade letrada e competência comunicativa: implicações para a construção da escrita em sala de aula

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Angela B. Kleiman

2002-10-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, propõe-se que as práticas orais letradas do professor alfabetizador sejam analisadas segundo o conceito de viabilidade do modelo de competência comunicativa de Hymes (1966. A utilização do modelo de competência comunicativa, com as modificações propostas por Gumperz (1982, é complementada com a noção de gênero de Bakhtin (1953, de forma a construir uma matriz que permita integrar os aspectos sociocognitivos do modelo de Hymes, os aspectos sociointeracionais da noção de conhecimento construído na interação de Gumperz e os aspectos socio-históricos. O conceito de viabilidade no modelo assim ampliado permite encontrar as características partilhadas e a competência comunicativa de duas alfabetizadoras em dois eventosde letramento que visam à introdução da criança nas práticas de uso da escrita, na superfície, extremamente diferentes.

Reward optimization of a repairable system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castro, I.T.; Perez-Ocon, R.

2006-01-01

This paper analyzes a system subject to repairable and non-repairable failures. Non-repairable failures lead to replacement of the system. Repairable failures, first lead to repair but they lead to replacement after a fixed number of repairs. Operating and repair times follow phase type distributions (PH-distributions) and the pattern of the operating times is modelled by a geometric process. In this context, the problem is to find the optimal number of repairs, which maximizes the long-run average reward per unit time. To this end, the optimal number is determined and it is obtained by efficient numerical procedures

Reward optimization of a repairable system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castro, I.T. [Departamento de Matematicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n. 10071 Caceres (Spain)]. E-mail: inmatorres@unex.es; Perez-Ocon, R. [Departamento de Estadistica e Investigacion Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Severo Ochoa, s/n. 18071 Granada (Spain)]. E-mail: rperezo@ugr.es

2006-03-15

This paper analyzes a system subject to repairable and non-repairable failures. Non-repairable failures lead to replacement of the system. Repairable failures, first lead to repair but they lead to replacement after a fixed number of repairs. Operating and repair times follow phase type distributions (PH-distributions) and the pattern of the operating times is modelled by a geometric process. In this context, the problem is to find the optimal number of repairs, which maximizes the long-run average reward per unit time. To this end, the optimal number is determined and it is obtained by efficient numerical procedures.

Linking Work Integrated Learning and Competency of Graduates Pursuing Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession

Science.gov (United States)

Puncreobutr, Vichian; Malee; Somjate

2016-01-01

The objective of this research was to study the level of work integrated learning (WIL), and the competency of the teaching profession based on the standards of knowledge of the graduates at St. Theresa International College. The study group consisted of 115 graduates pursuing Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession Program. The questionnaire was…

Competências de marketing exigidas para os gestores de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES

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Marconi Freitas-da-Costa

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as competências de marketing dos gestores de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES, sendo uma pública e uma privada, fazendo um paralelo entre os conhecimentos de cada gestor com a teoria do marketing. Para a realização deste artigo utilizaram-se pesquisas exploratórias, pesquisa qualitativa e estudo de dois casos, através de uma entrevista semiestruturada. De acordo com a pesquisa, foi possível constatar que as IES tanto pública quanto privada utilizam o marketing, porém de formas diferenciadas. Enquanto a primeira utiliza algumas ferramentas do assunto, a segunda as utiliza de maneira mais aprofundada e com maior profissionalismo.

CONCEPÇÕES, OPINIÕES E ATITUDES DOCENTES ASSOCIADAS À INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA REVISÃO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA/ TEACHERS CONCEPTIONS RELATED TO INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: A REVISION OF THE BRAZILIAN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION

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Carla Regiane Vargas****

2011-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMOA presente investigação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma revisão sistemática sobre as concepções, opiniões eatitudes docentes associadas à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física do sistema regular deensino e o seu impacto sobre o movimento de inclusão educacional no Brasil na última década. Realizaram-se buscas nasbases de acesso público e no idioma português, entre os períodos de 1994 a 2010. Treze artigos fizeram parte das análisesenvolvendo esta temática. Pode-se concluir que as concepções, as opiniões e as atitudes do professores de EducaçãoFísica sobre a inclusão educacional estão associadas principalmente à formação acadêmica, às competências percebidas naatuação com pessoas com deficiência, ao tempo de experiência de magistério com pessoas com deficiência, ao gênero dodocente e à vinculação administrativa da escola.ABSTRACTThis research aims to develop a systematic review of the views, opinions and attitudes teachers for the inclusion ofpersons with disabilities in physical education classes in regular school system and its impact on the movement of educationalinclusion in Brazil in the last decade. There were searches in bases for public access and in the Portuguese language,between the periods 1994 to 2010. 13 articles were part of the analysis involving this issue. It can be concluded that theconceptions, opinions and attitudes of physical education teachers about the educational inclusion are mainly linked toacademic training, perceived competence in acting with people with disabilities, on-time teaching experience with disabledpersons, gender of the teacher and the school’s administrative attachment.

Seleção e competências dos expatriados e estratégias de internacionalização: Um estudo exploratório de empresas portuguesas

OpenAIRE

Pinheiro, Ana; Esteves, Teresa; Suleman, Fátima

2015-01-01

A pesquisa explora a relação entre competências requeridas a um candidato à expatriação e os modelos de gestão internacional. O pressuposto subjacente é que os critérios de seleção devem ser coerentes com o modelo de gestão. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e exploratória e incide sobre três empresas portuguesas, com expatriados em vários países. Os resultados indiciam que a adaptabilidade, liderança e orientação para os resultados são exemplos de competências comuns a todos os modelos de g...

Predictors of mental health competence in a population cohort of Australian children.

Science.gov (United States)

Goldfeld, Sharon; Kvalsvig, Amanda; Incledon, Emily; O'Connor, Meredith; Mensah, Fiona

2014-05-01

The child mental health epidemiology literature focuses almost exclusively on reporting the prevalence and predictors of child mental disorders. However, there is growing recognition of positive mental health or mental health competence as an independent outcome that cannot be inferred from the absence of problems, and requires epidemiological investigation in its own right. We developed a novel measure of child mental health competence within the framework of the Australian Early Development Index, a three-yearly national census of early child development. Predictors of this outcome were investigated by linking these census data at individual level to detailed background information collected by a large longitudinal cohort study. Predictors of competence were consistent with previously described theoretical and empirical models. Overall, boys were significantly less likely than girls to demonstrate a high level of competence (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.91). Other strong predictors of competence were parent education and a relative absence of maternal psychological distress; these factors also appeared to attenuate the negative effect of family hardship on child competence. This measure of mental health competence shows promise as a population-level indicator with the potential benefit of informing and evaluating evidence-based public health intervention strategies that promote positive mental health.

Retinal detachment repair

Science.gov (United States)

... medicines Problems breathing You may not recover full vision. ... detachments can be repaired. Failure to repair the retina always results in loss of vision to some degree. After surgery, the quality of ...

DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCES: A PARADIGM IN THE STRATEGIC PROCESS

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Glauco Corbari Corrêa

2015-09-01

Full Text Available This study aims to examine the issue of defining and developing of competences and their definitive insertion in the strategic process of organizations. The relevance is evident, since in the globalized world of the twenty-first century new skills are being required of workers, employers and citizens in general. The understanding of the current dynamics of competence-based management becomes important, since it can be approached as a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that accredit an individual to perform a certain function or, on the other hand, as achievements of the citizen in his/her work, i.e., the first definition focuses on the acquired potential and the second one lies in the effected performance. The paper also identifies the methods and techniques for assessing competences, in order to obtain a more objective view of human potential that exists in certain company and what are the needs for updating. Moreover, it attempts to present the importance of emotional competence in the strategic process and its close links with the concept of emotional intelligence, as well as it aims to demonstrate the importance of the irrevocable insertion of competences as a paradigm in the strategic process. Keywords: Competences. Management. Organizations. Globalization. Strategic Process.

A new incomplete-repair model based on a ''reciprocal-time'' pattern of sublethal damage repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dale, R.G.; Fowler, J.F.

1999-01-01

A radiobiological model for closely spaced non-instantaneous radiation fractions is presented, based on the premise that the time process of sublethal damage (SLD) repair is 'reciprocal-time' (second order), rather than exponential (first order), in form. The initial clinical implications of such an incomplete-repair model are assessed. A previously derived linear-quadratic-based model was revised to take account of the possibility that SLD may repair with time such that the fraction of an element of initial damage remaining at time t is given as 1/(1+zt), where z is an appropriate rate constant; z is the reciprocal of the first half-time (τ) of repair. The general equation so derived for incomplete repair is applicable to all types of radiotherapy delivered at high, low and medium dose-rate in fractions delivered at regular time intervals. The model allows both the fraction duration and interfraction intervals to vary between zero and infinity. For any given value of z, reciprocal repair is associated with an apparent 'slowing-down' in the SLD repair rate as treatment proceeds. The instantaneous repair rates are not directly governed by total dose or dose per fraction, but are influenced by the treatment duration and individual fraction duration. Instantaneous repair rates of SLD appear to be slower towards the end of a continuous treatment, and are also slower following 'long' fractions than they are following 'short' fractions. The new model, with its single repair-rate parameter, is shown to be capable of providing a degree of quantitative explanation for some enigmas that have been encountered in clinical studies. A single-component reciprocal repair process provides an alternative explanation for the apparent existence of a range of repair rates in human tissues, and which have hitherto been explained by postulating the existence of a multi-exponential repair process. The build-up of SLD over extended treatments is greater than would be inferred using a

Ten-Competence: Life-Long Competence Development and Learning

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koper, Rob; Specht, Marcus

2006-01-01

Koper, R., & Specht, M. (2008). Ten-Competence: Life-Long Competence Development and Learning. In M-A. Cicilia (Ed.), Competencies in Organizational e-learning: concepts and tools (pp. 234-252). Hershey: IGI-Global.

Association of mesenchymal stem cells with platelet rich plasma on the repair of critical calvarial defects in mice Associação de células-tronco mesenquimais com plasma rico em plaquetas na reparação de defeitos críticos em calvária de camundongos

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Betânia Souza Monteiro

2012-03-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC from eight mice C57BL/6 gfp+ bone marrows expanded in cultures associated with platelets rich plasma (PRP deriving from another eight mice, in the repair of critical defects in calvarial bone produced in twenty-four adult isogenic mice C57BL/6. METHODS: The animals were submitted to a cranial defect of 6.0mm in diameter and divided into two equal experimental groups. Control group did not receive treatment and the treated group received a MSC pellet containing 1.0 x 10(7 cells/mL associated with 50.0µL of plasma gel containing 1.0 x 10(9 autologous platelets within the defect. RESULTS: In the treated group was observed process of angiogenesis and bone repair better than control group. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of C57BL/6 gfp+ mice associated with PRP gel applied in bone critical defects produced in calvarial contributes positively to the process of bone repair.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da associação das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC oriundas da medula óssea de oito camundongos jovens C57BL/6 gfp+ e expandidas em culturas, com Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP provenientes de outros oito camundongos, na reparação de defeitos críticos confeccionados em calvária de 24 camundongos adultos C57BL/6. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram submetidos a um defeito craniano de 6,0mm de diâmetro e separados em dois grupos experimentais iguais. O grupo controle não recebeu tratamento e no grupo tratado foi administrado, no interior do defeito, pellet de MSC contendo 1,0 x 10(7 células/mL associado com 50,0µL de plasma em gel autólogo contendo 1,0 x 10(9 plaquetas. RESULTADOS: No grupo tratado verificou-se processo de angiogênese e reparação óssea superior ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A associação das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC derivadas da medula óssea de camundongos C57BL/6 gfp+ com gel de PRP aplicadas em defeitos ósseos cr

Competencies in ICT of teachers and their relation to the use of the technological resources Las competencias en TIC del profesorado y su relación con el uso de los recursos tecnológicos Competências em TIC dos professores e sua relação com o uso de recursos tecnológicos

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Jesús M. Suárez Rodríguez

2010-05-01

tecnologías, tanto a nivel personal-profesional como con sus alumnos. Para ello se ha utilizado un diseño de encuesta. La población de referencia la constituye el profesorado de centros de educación primaria y secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana. La información se ha recogido a través de cuestionarios. A partir de las competencias tecnológicas y pedagógicas en TIC, se ha obtenido un perfil competencial consistente del profesorado con cuatro niveles crecientes: sin conocimientos, entrada, adopción e innovación. Asimismo, se ha hallado una relación estrecha entre este perfil y el uso que realiza el profesorado, más vinculado con el uso personal-profesional que con el uso con los alumnos. Los hallazgos aportan claves para orientar el desarrollo profesional y la formación inicial de los profesores. Na última década e Tecnologia da Informação Tecnologias da Comunicação (TIC têm representado uma mudança de política educação em diferentes países que levaram a grandes investimentos. No entanto, o professor, como um elemento chave no processo integração das TIC, ela ainda sente-se confiante neste processo. A das causas mais relevantes deste déficit de confiança é a falta de competência dos professores em TIC. Portanto, o objetivo do presente artigo é um estudo aprofundado das habilidades de TI do professores e sua relação com a utilização destas tecnologias, tanto a nível profissional e pessoal com seus alunos. Isto tem utilizado um projeto de pesquisa. A população de referência é professores em escolas primárias e secundárias Comunidad Valenciana. As informações foram coletadas através de questionários. A partir da capacitação tecnológica e pedagógica TIC tem sido atribuído um perfil de competência pedagógica coerente com quatro níveis crescentes: no conhecimento, a entrada, adoção e inovação. Foi também encontrada uma relação estreita entre o perfil ea

PlGF repairs myocardial ischemia through mechanisms of angiogenesis, cardioprotection and recruitment of myo-angiogenic competent marrow progenitors.

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Hiroto Iwasaki

Full Text Available Despite preclinical success in regenerating and revascularizing the infarcted heart using angiogenic growth factors or bone marrow (BM cells, recent clinical trials have revealed less benefit from these therapies than expected.We explored the therapeutic potential of myocardial gene therapy of placental growth factor (PlGF, a VEGF-related angiogenic growth factor, with progenitor-mobilizing activity.Myocardial PlGF gene therapy improves cardiac performance after myocardial infarction, by inducing cardiac repair and reparative myoangiogenesis, via upregulation of paracrine anti-apoptotic and angiogenic factors. In addition, PlGF therapy stimulated Sca-1(+/Lin(- (SL BM progenitor proliferation, enhanced their mobilization into peripheral blood, and promoted their recruitment into the peri-infarct borders. Moreover, PlGF enhanced endothelial progenitor colony formation of BM-derived SL cells, and induced a phenotypic switch of BM-SL cells, recruited in the infarct, to the endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte lineage.Such pleiotropic effects of PlGF on cardiac repair and regeneration offer novel opportunities in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.

Avaliação Do Tratamento Da Paracoccidioidomicose Com O Ketoconazol

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Jussara Marcondes

1984-04-01

Full Text Available Foram, tratados 12 doentes atendidos na Disciplina de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu com diagnóstico etiológico de paracoccidioidomicose que apresentavam lesões orgânicas múltiplas e evolução prolongada. O tratamento foi realizado por 18 meses, com o ketoconazol, pela via oral, nas doses diárias de 400 mg no primeiro mês e de 200 mg nos meses seguintes. Todos os doentes foram acompanhados durante o tratamento e, em média 4 meses e meio após o mesmo, clínica, radiológica e sorologicamente pelas reações de imunofluorescência indireta, precipitinas e imunodifusão em gel. A competência imunitária foi avaliada em todos os doentes antes do tratamento e repetida em quatro, no final do mesmo. Os resultados mostraram que houve recaída em 5 doentes. A droga foi bem tolerada e a imunodifusão em gel e a hemossedimentação foram as provas que mostraram maior paralelismo com a evolução clínica.

CrowdAidRepair: A Crowd-Aided Interactive Data Repairing Method

KAUST Repository

Zhou, Jian; Li, Zhixu; Gu, Binbin; Xie, Qing; Zhu, Jia; Zhang, Xiangliang; Li, Guoliang

2016-01-01

turn to use the power of crowd in data repairing, but the crowd power has its own drawbacks such as high human intervention cost and inevitable low efficiency. In this paper, we propose a crowd-aided interactive data repairing method which takes

Formative assessment framework proposal for transversal competencies: Application to analysis and problem-solving competence

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Pedro Gómez-Gasquet

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: In the last years, there is an increasing interest in the manner that transversal competences (TC are introduced in the curricula. Transversal competences are generic and relevant skills that students have to develop through the several stages of the educational degrees. This paper analyses TCs in the context of the learning process of undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The main aim of this paper is to propose a framework to improve results. The framework facilities the student's training and one of the important pieces is undoubtedly that he has constant feedback from his assessments that allowing to improve the learning. An applying in the analysis and problem solving competence in the context of Master Degree in Advanced Engineering Production, Logistics and Supply Chain at the UPV is carried out. Design/methodology/approach: The work is the result of several years of professional experience in the application of the concept of transversal competence in the UPV with undergraduate and graduate students. As a result of this work and various educational innovation projects, a team of experts has been created, which has been discussing some aspects relevant to the improvement of the teaching-learning process. One of these areas of work has been in relation to the integration of various proposals on the application and deployment of transversal competences. With respect to this work, a conceptual proposal is proposed that has subsequently been empirically validated through the analysis of the results of several groups of students in a degree. Findings: The main result that is offered in the work is a framework that allows identifying the elements that are part of the learning process in the area of transversal competences. Likewise, the different items that are part of the framework are linked to the student's life cycle, and a temporal scope is established for their deployment. Practical implications: One of the most noteworthy

Como avaliar a percepção de competência e aceitação social de crianças com paralisia cerebral?Estudo inicial para a determinação das propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy How to measure children with cerebral palsy's perception of competence and social acceptance?Preliminary study to determinate the psychometric properties of the portuguese version of the Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy