Actions of the Cuban Nuclear Regulatory Authority in the adequate implementation of the legislation in matter of radiological protection; Acciones de la Autoridad Reguladora Nuclear cubana en la adecuada implementacion de la Legislacion en materia de proteccion radiologica

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Fornet R, O.M. [Delegacion Territorial CITMA. Peralta No.16, Rpto Peralta, Holguin, CP 80400 (Cuba); Guillen C, A.; Betancourt H, L.A. [Centro Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear, Calle 28 No.504, Miramar Playa, La Habana (Cuba)]. e-mail: ofelia@citmahlg.holguin.inf.cu

2006-07-01

The effectiveness of the regulatory activity in matter of safety and radiological protection it depends in great measure of the practical implementation level of the legislation in this matter. In our country this objective has been achieved through the one continuous improvement of the Hierarchical System of Nuclear Regulation, the reconciliation with specialists and national experts in each matter during the elaboration of the legal documents; the popularization and gratuitous distribution of it approved; the precision in the validation conditions of the authorizations of those main precepts applicable to the practices; the legal foundation of the deficiencies evidenced in the regulatory inspections; the development of a Safety Culture; the realization of Annual Regulatory Conferences and mainly in the training of the personnel related with the safety. Also, the constant analysis on the part of the specialists of the Regulatory Authority of the grade of implementation of this legislation, it discussion in national and international events and the actions recommended in these works. As a result of this focus, it is considered that the Regulatory Authority has impacted appropriately in the implementation of this legislation. (Author)

ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMÉTRICO EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD CUBANA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA INTELIGENCIA EMPRESARIAL

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Darlenis Herrera-Vallejera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La Bibliometría es una herramienta para realizar estudios de tendencias, estos últimos son considerados uno de los servicios de la Inteligencia Empresarial. En la actualidad la Bibliometría constituye un área instrumental válida para la evaluación de la actividad científica; usada para determinar el comportamiento del desempeño científico individual e institucional de la comunidad científica y académica, liderazgo científico y áreas emergentes del conocimiento, aspectos que se consideran por los programas internacionales para financiar proyectos de investigación e innovación; así como por las políticas institucionales para otorgar mejores plazas y validar doctorados. La dimensión evaluativa de la Bibliometría se enmarca en tres variables: producción científica, colaboración científica e impacto científico. En este orden de ideas, la presente investigación se basó en la Bibliometría, como herramienta de la inteligencia empresarial, a través de un estudio de caso aplicado a una Universidad cubana. Se aplicó la metodología bibliométrica para la evaluación de la actividad científica, desarrollada por el Instituto de Información Científica y Tecnológica de Cuba. Se compiló la producción científica de la universidad en la base de datos bibliográfica SCOPUS durante el período 2005-2012 y se empleó el Bibexcel y Ucinet 6.1 para el procesamiento matricial y la visualización de los datos. Como resultado, se obtuvo que los profesores más productivos son los doctores en ciencias, predominando el género masculino. Se concluye que la aplicación de la Bibliometría como método para realizar análisis de tendencias fue de gran utilidad para la toma de decisiones, por la dirección de ciencia y tecnología de la Universidad cubana.

La historiografía colonial cubana y la modernidad

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Arturo Sorhegui

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El núcleo argumental de este artículo es demostrar como la historiografía hispanoamericana –tomando como muestra la cubana, en la época colonial– fue capaz de propiciar, por si misma, algunas de las tendencias historiográficas establecidas como corrientes en el siglo XIX europeo, en la medida que debió enfrentarse a las mismas problemáticas que en Europa le dieron origen; lo único que adecuadas a las circunstancias de la realidad americana. Se argumenta con la historiografía criolla iluminista del XVIII y la “Historia de la Esclavitud” de José Antonio Saco del XIX.Palabras Clave: Ilustración americana; corrientes historiográficas; desarrollo propio; Modernidad; Historia de la Esclavitud. The Cuban colonial historiography and modernityAbstractThe argumental nucleus of this article is to demonstrate as the Hispano-American historiography –taking as it shows the Cuban, at the colonial time– he was able to cause, by itself, some of the established historiográficas tendencies like currents in European century XIX, in the measurement that had to face same the problematic ones that in Europe they gave origin him; only that adapted to the circumstances of the American reality. José Antonio Saco from the XIX argues itself with the iluminista Creole historiography of the XVIII and the “History of the Slavery”.Keywords: American illustration; historiográficas currents; own development; Modernity; History of the Slavery.

Psicología de la Salud cubana: apuntes históricos y proyecciones en los inicios del siglo XXI

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Jorge A. Grau Abalo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se sistematizan aspectos históricos del desarrollo de la Psicología de la Salud cubana a lo largo de más de 42 años de su inserción en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, considerando tres grupos de determinantes: en el primer grupo, se combina la aparición de una nueva forma de pensamiento con el reconocimiento del modelo biopsicosoc ial tras la transformación del viejo modelo biomédico, la nueva conceptualización del proceso salud-enfermedad y el conocimiento creciente de factores psi cológicos y soc iales asociados a este proceso, la transición en los perfiles epidemiológicos, la irrupción de los conceptos de bienestar y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la incorporación de la atención primaria como ámbito fundamental para muchas acciones de salud y la importancia del trabajo en equipos interdisciplinarios. El segundo, está relacionado con los cambios sociales ocurridos en Cuba después de la década de los 60 y que materializaron estas nuevas concepciones con un enfoque preventivo, de proyección social. El tercero, vincula el desarrollo mismo de la Psicología con campos específicos de actuación. Además, se intentan identificar las tareas prioritarias para la Psicología de la salud cubana en el presente y formular sus proyecciones básicas, para los próximos años en el contexto de las tendencias mundiales en esta disciplina.

La economía y la política económica cubana en el período de entreguerras

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Santamaría García, Antonio

1999-01-01

Análisis de como se reconfiguró la economía cubana en el período entre las dos guerras mundiales para hacer frente a las crisis de sus exportaciones azucarera y sus efectos socio-económicos y mantener la especialización productiva del país. El modo en que se hizo permitió mantener la posición del país entre los líderes económicos latinaomericanos y restablecer el crecimiento con mejoras distributivas para restabelcer el orden social, aunque el enquistamiento posterior de tales medidas ocasion...

Efecto de la cantidad y del tipo de grasa de la dieta sobre la función reguladora del endotelio durante el estado posprnadial en pacientes con síndrome metabólico

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Moreno Conde, Mirian

2013-01-01

Introducción. La etiología del síndrome metabólico (SM) es en gran medida desconocida, aunque probablemente sea la consecuencia de una compleja interacción entre factores genéticos, metabólicos y ambientales, entre los que destaca la dieta y sobre todo la calidad y la cantidad de la grasa. Hipótesis de trabajo: La ingesta de una dieta con alto contenido en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (HMUFA) podría mejorar la función reguladora del endotelio en situación postprandial en pa...

Diversidad y distinción taxonómica de la macrofauna en fondos blandos de la plataforma norte y suroccidental cubana

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Gema Hidalgo

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la diversidad de la macrofauna en fondos blandos de la plataforma marina cubana norte y suroccidental. Se utilizaron índices de variación taxonómica que aportan una nueva dimensión en la interpretación de la diversidad de las comunidades, que son independientes del tipo de hábitat y del esfuerzo de muestreo, y tienen respuesta monotónica ante las perturbaciones del ambiente. La heterogeneidad de taxones fue significativamente mayor en los biotopos areno-fangoso con vegetación, arenoso con vegetación y arenoso con vegetación sobre fondo duro. La diversidad por biotopos reflejó un gradiente de menor a mayor tamaño de partícula y de ausencia a presencia de vegetación. La distinción taxonómica promedio (Δ+ esperada en estas zonas de la plataforma cubana es de 92,5, con límites de confianza de 95% entre 76,7 y 100. Las estaciones con distinción taxonómica promedio <92,5 y fuera del límite de confianza inferior, se pueden considerar con condiciones ambientales de deterioro o que favorecen la diversidad de algún grupo en particular. Los grupos dominantes en esta fracción del bentos son crustáceos y poliquetos, como ocurre en otras regiones tropicales y templadas. Estos resultados sirven de base para la evaluación y monitoreo ambiental del macrozoobentos como componente clave del funcionamiento de ecosistemas marinos en fondos blandos de Cuba.

Caracterización del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria

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Ana Luisa Figueredo Figueredo; Maritza de la Caridad Figueredo Matos; Carlos Aponte Cabrera

2012-01-01

En el artículo se aborda el proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria  desde la biblioteca universitaria y su influencia en la preparación académica de la comunidad universitaria, formación general integral y enriquecimiento cultural. Se analizan los antecedentes históricos del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico _ literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria y se señalan referentes  sociológicos, gnoseológicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos de este  proceso de formac...

La Revolución cubana y la historiografía

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Aguilera Manzano, José María

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is the study of the Cuban historiography from the beginning of the Revolution (1959 until the present, so that researchers interested in the history of Cuba can know what lines has been followed up to now and what is the path in the future. I have divided the text in three parts that correspond with each one of the stages of the period. The last phase is integrated by the current historians; this generation has been preceded by that one who shared its youth with the victory of the Cuban Revolution, and the one that was educated at the university after the deep transformations happened in 1968.

El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de la historiografía cubana desde el comienzo de la Revolución (1959 hasta la actualidad, para que los interesados en la historia de Cuba puedan conocer qué líneas ha seguido ésta hasta ahora y por donde continuará. El texto se ha dividido en tres partes que corresponden a cada una de las etapas del período. La última fase está integrada por los historiadores actuales; a esta generación le ha precedido la que compartió su juventud con el triunfo de la Revolución de 1959 y la que accedió a la Universidad después de las profundas transformaciones acaecidas en 1968.

Consideraciones teórico-críticas para el estudio de la literatura cubana del Periodo Especial

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Ivonne Sánchez Becerril

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La transformación de la literatura cubana en el marco del Periodo especial en tiempos de paz está vinculada con la detonación de las tensiones acumuladas. El presente ensayo postula que la emergencia de una serie de poéticas narrativas es indisociable de un complejo contexto socio-histórico marcado por un cambio de referentes, la ruptura con el modelo literario impuesto y la formulación de conceptos particulares de la literatura desde los textos de creación. Para ello se resumen las coordenadas culturales, las influencias teóricas, la función de la crítica literaria y la avidez las casas editoriales extranjeras como principales promotores literarios, así como la adaptación de la censura a las nuevas condiciones.

Caracterización del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria

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Ana Luisa Figueredo Figueredo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En el artículo se aborda el proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria  desde la biblioteca universitaria y su influencia en la preparación académica de la comunidad universitaria, formación general integral y enriquecimiento cultural. Se analizan los antecedentes históricos del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico _ literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria y se señalan referentes  sociológicos, gnoseológicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos de este  proceso de formación.

As agências reguladoras independentes e o Tribunal de Contas da União: conflito de jurisdições? The independent regulatory agencies and the Federal Court of Accounts: a jurisdictional conflict?

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Eduardo Granha Magalhães Gomes

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a emergência, no Brasil, de agências reguladoras independentes (ARIs e suas especificidades quanto ao desenho institucional; analisa ainda a evolução recente da atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU no contexto da nova gestão pública. No desenho das ARIs têm destaque os mecanismos que lhes conferem independência política, dada a natureza de suas atribuições e competências. Por outro lado, o TCU vem ampliando seu campo de atuação, passando a avaliar não mais apenas os aspectos formais da legalidade de procedimentos, mas também o desempenho e resultados alcançados por órgãos e entidades públicas. O TCU passa a atuar no acompanhamento e avaliação do desempenho das agências. O artigo analisa a interface entre independência e controle, discutindo possíveis conflitos institucionais entre as agências reguladoras e o TCU.This article analyzes the emergence of the independent regulatory agencies (IRAs in Brazil and their specificities as to their institutional design. It also discusses the recent developments in the Federal Court of Accounts' actions within the new public management context. IRAs were designed with emphasis on the features that give them political independence, considering the nature of their attributions and capabilities. On the other hand, the Federal Court of Accounts (FCA has broadened its area of activities, assessing not only the formal aspects of the legality of procedures, but also the performance and the results of organisms and public institutions. The FCA is tracking and assessing the agencies' performance. The article analyzes the interface between independence and control, discussing possible institutional conflicts between regulatory agencies and the FCA.

Ação reguladora da União e qualidade do ensino obrigatório (Brasil, 1988-2007 Regulatory action of the Union and the quality of obligatory teaching (Brazil, 1988-2007

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Dirce Nei Teixeira de Freitas

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A qualidade do ensino obrigatório no Brasil é abordada mediante consideração de políticas expressas na ação reguladora normativa da União nos últimos vinte anos, especificamente no que diz respeito ao acesso e permanência nesse ensino. Considera-se essa ação reguladora como importante componente do complexo processo social de "morfogênese normativa" cuja conseqüência, conclui-se, precisa ser objeto de avaliação pelos Conselhos de Educação, assim como as concepções e lógicas subjacentes às políticas educacionais no país. Também a sua maior ou menor concorrência para a efetivação do direito à educação, bem como para a qualificação do ensino obrigatório e a democratização de sua gestão.The quality of the obligatory schooling in Brazil has been approached considering the politics expressed in/by the regulatory action of the State in the last twenty years. It is specifically focused on determining the promotion of access and permanence in that level of education. That regulatory action is considered an important component of the complex social process of "normative morphogenesis", and its consequences, in conclusion, need to be an object of evaluation for the Education Council, as well as the underlying conceptions and logics in the country's education of politics. It has been also verified that its largest or smallest contribution to the realization of the right to education is useful for the qualification of the obligatory schooling and the democratization of its administration.

Validación de un método de análisis para la determinación de raloxifeno en una formulación cubana

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Jorge E Rodríguez Chanfrau

Full Text Available Introducción: el raloxifeno es un modulador selectivo del receptor estrogénico, perteneciente a la familia de los benzotiofenos. Los resultados de varios ensayos clínicos han mostrado que este fármaco reduce la pérdida del hueso en la espina dorsal y puede aumentar la masa del hueso en ciertos sitios. Objetivo: validar un método de análisis para la determinación de raloxifeno en una formulación cubana. Métodos: se desarrolló un método de análisis por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Se emplearon para ello una columna Lichrospher® 100, RP 18. Se utilizaron como fase móvil una mezcla de metanol-agua desionizada-trietanolamina (70:30:0,1 y detector ultravioleta a una longitud de onda de 286 nm. El flujo de la fase móvil fue de 1,5 mL/min y el volumen de inyección fue de 20 mL. Resultados: el método empleado para la cuantificación de raloxifeno en la formulación cubana resultó específico, preciso, exacto y lineal. Conclusiones: en las condiciones de estudio se demuestra que el método propuesto cumple con los parámetros de validación, por lo que puede ser utilizado en el control de la calidad de dicho medicamento.

Estado de salud bucal de la población cubana, 1995

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Luis Delgado Méndez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica nacional en el año 1995 con el objetivo de analizar el estado de la salud bucal de la población cubana. Se analizó una muestra de 3 805 personas de 16 áreas de salud, correspondientes a 11 provincias; se utilizó el modelo recomendado por la OMS para este tipo de estudio; se capacitaron y calibraron a 6 estomatólogos y sus respectivas asistentes. Los datos se procesaron en computadora mediante el programa EPINFO. Los resultados se confrontaron con las metas propuestas por la OMS para el año 2000. Se observó que las metas número 1, 2, 3 y 4 se cumplen según lo previsto, no así la meta 5.In 1995, an epidemiological research at national level was performed in order to analyse buccal health status of Cuban population. We studied a sample of 3 805 persons from 16 health areas, corresponding to 11 provinces. Model recommended by World Health Organization (WHO for this type of study was used. 6 stomatologists were trained and sized up as well as their respective assistants. Data were processed in a computer by EPINFO program. Results were compared with planned aims by WHO for 2000 year. Aims 1, 2, 3, and 4 are fulfilled according planning, except for number 5.

Comportamiento reactogénico de la vacuna cubana contra la hepatitis B en niños física y mentalmente discapacitados

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Plácido Pedroso Flaquet; Manuel Díaz González

2000-01-01

Se estudió la reactogenicidad de la vacuna recombinante cubana contra el virus de la hepatitis B, derivada de células de levadura (Heberbiovac-HB), al aplicar dosis de 5 y 10 mg y emplear el esquema de inmunización 0, una segunda dosis al mes y la tercera a los 6 meses a 2 grupos de niños física y mentalmente discapacitados de 5 a 14 años de edad. Los síntomas observados en el total de la población estudiada fueron de 5,1 %, mientras que en los grupos vacunados con 10 y 5 mg, la sintomatologí...

La influencia del marxismo en el pensamiento y los debates de la campaña por la escuela cubana en Cuba Libre en 1941

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Regina de la Caridad Algramonte Rosell

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación sobre un hecho de importancia trascendental en la Cuba de 1941: la campaña Por la escuela cubana en Cuba Libre, luego de las sesiones de debate de la Asamblea Constituyente de 1940. Se determinó como objetivo central analizar el lugar del marxismo en la atmósfera intelectual-cultural cubana en los años 40, para lo cual resultó necesario un acercamiento a los principales debates sobre la educación propiciados por el Partido Comunista, los marxistas y las personas afines a su política educacional teniendo en cuenta aciertos y desaciertos en los modos de actuación de  las mujeres y hombres que protagonizaron la historia. Palabras clave: Marxismo, educación, Cuba.   Abstract: This paper is the result of a research about a transcendental event in Cuba in 1941: the Campaign for the Cuban school in Cuba Libre after the debate sessions of the Constituent Assembly of 1940. The main objective of this research was to analyze the role of Marxism in the Cuban intellectual-cultural atmosphere in the 40s. To do this, it was necessary to approach the main debates about education that the Communist Party, Marxists and supporters of this educational policy promoted. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of the way of acting of the leading men and women who took part in history were taken into account. Key words: Marxism, education, Cuba.

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL COMERCIO ELECTRÓNICO EN LA EMPRESA CUBANA

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Ariel García Mugica

2002-10-01

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El mundo se encuentra en un proceso de globalización económica sin precedentes. Los avances en tecnologías y comunicaciones digitales están creando en algunos sectores una economía sin fronteras. Dentro de este contexto,

Frecuencia fenotípica y génica de los antígenos HLA en una muestra de la población cubana

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Morera Barrios, Luz M; R, Catalino; García, Ustáriz; García García, María A.; Díaz Báez, Nelioska; Lam Díaz, Rosa M; Guerreiro Hernández, Ana M; Hernández Ramírez, Porfirio; Ballester Santovenia, José M

2005-01-01

Se realizó un estudio de la frecuencia fenotípica y génica de los antígenos del sistema principal de histocompatibilidad HLA en personas no relacionadas, supuestamente sanas, tomadas como muestra de la población cubana. Se analizó la distribución de 87 antígenos HLA clase I ( loci A, B y C) y 25 clase II ( loci DR y DQ). Se emplearon las técnicas de microlinfocitotoxicidad (serológica) descrita por Terasaki y modificada por el NIH para los antígenos de clase I, y las técnicas de biología mole...

Dr. Alberto Germán Mora Docampo: ejemplo de integridad y dedicación al servicio de la medicina cubana

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Natacha Mora Pacheco

2015-02-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se reseñan los aspectos más significativos de la vida y obra del Dr. Alberto Germán Mora Docampo y se resaltan los elementos más importantes de su etapa estudiantil, especialmente de la universitaria, donde se destacó por su disciplina, constante estudio, modestia y humanismo, a la vez que descubrió su pasión por la cirugía y decidió luchar desde entonces por la justicia social y la Revolución. Sus cualidades humanas y la destacada participación en las organizaciones políticas y de masas, así como los numerosos reconocimientos, premios, distinciones y condecoraciones que le fueron otorgados, lo conceptúan como paradigma de la medicina cubana

Normas farmacológicas cubanas: desarrollo e impacto

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Celeste Aurora Sánchez González

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Se describió la importancia como instrumento de consulta, del compendio nacional de sustancias activas y asociaciones de uso farmacéutico industrial aceptadas y rechazadas en Cuba. Se identificó la información de seguridad para el uso racional que incorpora la clasificación terapéutica adoptada y la estructura organizativa de estas Normas Farmacológicas Cubanas (NFC. Se cuantificó su aplicación por el Centro para el Control de la Calidad de los Medicamentos (CECMED, usuarios cubanos y extranjeros durante el período 1996 al 2000, para determinar grados de novedad y caracterización terapéutica, mediante el análisis de Ensayos Clínicos Autorizados y Registros de Medicamentos otorgados. Se dimensionó el impacto en la Reglamentación Farmacéutica Nacional y la interacción con otras regulaciones. Se identificaron las perspectivas de desarrollo en su alcance y contenido. Se concluyó la utilidad de las NFC en la adecuada clasificación del grado de novedad de los productos, el ágil y preciso manejo y evaluación de trámites, así como en la caracterización del enfoque terapéutico.The importance as a consultation tool of the National Compendium of active ingredients for industrial pharmaceutical use and its combinations that are accepted and refused in Cuba was described. The safety information for their rational use that includes the adopted therapeutic classification and the organizational structuring of the Cuban Pharmacological Standards were identified. Its application was quantified by the Center for Drug Quality Control (CECMED , by national and foreign users in the period 1996-2000, in order to identify the degree of novelty of products and the therapeutical characterization by analysing the authorised clinical trials and the register of provided drugs. The impact on the National Pharmaceutical Regulation, and the interrelation with other regulations were shown. The scope and contents of the development prospects were stated

Las estrategias de legitimación de la derecha hispano-cubana para con la España franquista: la acción y el discurso (1936-1939)

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Figueredo Cabrera, Katia

2015-01-01

Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo asociativo de las diferentes microfracciones de la derecha hispano-cubana vinculadas con la guerra civil española. En igual sentido recrea el impacto del Decreto de Unificación para el grupo conservador residente en la mayor de las Antillas y el surgimiento, por consiguiente, de la FET y de las JONS de Cuba, una nueva forma de sociabilidad política que activó las actividades pro franquistas en la isla hasta el final de la contienda. El artículo cierra con un...

Las estrategias de legitimación de la derecha hispano-cubana para con la España franquista: la acción y el discurso (1936-1939)

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Figueredo Cabrera, Katia

2011-01-01

Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo asociativo de las diferentes microfracciones de la derecha hispano-cubana vinculadas con la guerra civil española. En igual sentido recrea el impacto del Decreto de Unificación para el grupo conservador residente en la mayor de las Antillas y el surgimiento, por consiguiente, de la FET y de las JONS de Cuba, una nueva forma de sociabilidad política que activó las actividades pro franquistas en la isla hasta el final de la contienda. El artículo cierra con un...

REFLEXIONES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS QUE SUSTENTAN EN ABORDAJE DIDÁCTICO DE LA DISCIPLINA SOCIAL DESDE LA EDUCACIÓN CÍVICA EN LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA BÁSICA CUBANA

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Wilson Rodríguez, Arianne; Fernández Naranjo, Roberto

2017-01-01

El artículo aborda las principales concepciones epistemológicas que sustentan el abordaje didáctico de la disciplina social, en el contexto del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Educación Cívica, en la Educación Secundaria Básica Cubana, ello constituye un reclamo social, para contrarrestar las diferentes manifestaciones de indisciplinas sociales que tienen lugar en el contexto cubano contemporáneo. Al ser la Educación Cívica un espacio propicio para la formación de la disciplina social ...

Bioequivalencia de una formulación cubana de carbamazepina con el producto líder

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Alejandro Saúl Padrón Yaquis

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Se demostró la intercambiabilidad terapéutica mediante un estudio de bioequivalencia en 25 voluntarios sanos de una formulación cubana de carbamazepina de 200 mg con respecto al producto innovador (Tegretol®, en condiciones de administración a dosis única; el diseño experimental fue cruzado a doble ciegas y aleatorizado; el periodo de lavado fue de 15 días. Las extracciones para la obtención del plasma, se realizaron a las 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 24; 48; 72; 96 y 120 h. Para el análisis se empleó un método analítico por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia, isocrático en fase reversa con detección ultravioleta. Se estimaron mediante técnicas "no compartimentales" los parámetros farmacocinéticos (AUC0-t, AUCt-¥, Cmax, Tmax y T1/2 representativos de la biodisponibilidad en magnitud y velocidad. Sobre la base de los resultados estadísticos, ambas formulaciones resultaron bioequivalentes.

Fundamentación Científica de la Psiquiatría Cubana Actual Current Cuban Psychiatry: Its scientific foundation

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Liuba Y Peña Galbán

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un análisis metodológico conceptual de la Psiquiatría como ciencia partiendo de los criterios de los psiquiatras cubanos, coincidiendo en que es una rama de las Ciencias Médicas, en la cual el objeto de estudio es la enfermedad mental o el proceso salud enfermedad mental y sus acciones es el diagnóstico, tratamiento, etiopatogenia, rehabilitación y prevención de las mismas, así como su estudio epidemiológico y que incluye el carácter social e interdisciplinario. A partir de la reorientación de la Psiquiatría hacia la comunidad se hace una reflexión del significado e implicaciones de la misma. Se argumenta como en Cuba se aplica el Modelo de la Atención Comunitaria de Salud Mental a través de los Centros comunitarios de Salud Mental que constituyen la piedra angular del modelo cubano de atención comunitaria, con los que constituye la Psiquiatría comunitaria el nuevo paradigma de la Psiquiatría cubana actual. Se reconoce que el fundamento filosófico que sustenta a la Psiquiatría cubana actual es la teoría Marxista LeninistaA conceptual and methodological analysis of Psychiatry as a science is made, taking the Cuban psychiatrists' criteria as a starting point, referring to it as a branch of the Medical Sciences, in which the object of study is the mental illness or the process health-mental illness, being its actions the diagnosis, treatment, ethiology and pathogenesis, rehabilitation and prevention, as well as its epidemiological study that is related to the social and interdisciplinary levels. Starting with redirecting Psychiatry towards the community, a reflection is made of the meaning and implications of this science. It is documented the application of the Community Mental Health Attention Model that is applied through the community Centers of Mental Health, which constitute the cornerstone of the Cuban model of community attention. Thus, community Psychiatry represents the new paradigm of current Cuban

Determinantes de la organización de los espacios en los conjuntos educacionales. Una experiencia cubana

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Martínez Pillot, Ledia

1986-12-01

Full Text Available This work sets forth criteria on determining factors which influence the desing of buildings groups, focused on from the general and conceptual point of view and it points out several concepts and Instruments which allow measuring the relations between the components and the stages which constitute the process of designing educational building groups. As part of the work on these determinants, the following aspects are studied: -Analysis of criteria for the selection of sites: how this activity is carried out within the Cuban political and social framework. -Treatment of exterior spaces: as part of the organic interpretation between educational spaces and the remaining areas, for a greater participation in the social and educational life of the pupil and of other inhabitants of the school center. -Analysis for growth: from the urban scale to physical plant-type spaces. Growth is a point to be taken into account in the process of analyzing the building group design so that it could maintain its integrity, considering certain degrees of flexibility which would permit adaptation to prospective changes in educational Systems. These determinants can be interpreted and reflected in the examples which constitute a practical Cuban experiment.Este trabajo expone criterios sobre determinantes que influyen en el Diseño de Conjuntos, enfocados desde el punto de vista general y conceptual y señala algunos conceptos e instrumentos que permiten medir las relaciones entre los componentes y las etapas que constituyen el proceso de Diseño de Conjuntos Educacionales. Como parte del trabajo de dichas determinantes, se desarrollan los aspectos siguientes: -Análisis de criterios para la selección de terrenos: cómo se desarrolla esta actividad en la estructura política y social cubana. -Tratamiento de los espacios exteriores: como parte de la integración orgánica entre los espacios educativos y demás áreas, para una mayor participación de la vida

La producción científica cubana en la bibliografía española de ciencia y tecnología 1995-2001

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Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The present work is a bibliometric analysis about the Cuban scientific output in the Spanish Bibliography of Science and Technology. The registers were obtained from the Spanish Index of Science and Technology (ICYT, CD-ROM version, comprised in the period from 1995 to 2001, whenever a Cuban institution is identified in the affiliation. The bibliometric indicators used in the study were the annual scientific production of the researchers, the co-authorship index, and the inter-institutional co-operation. Total count was used in the analysis of the individual productivity. A total of 958 articles with Cuban authors were published in 103 Spanish serials. The average number of authors per article was 3,62, with an increasing trend. Half of the most productive authors is from the Food Industry Research Institute (IIIA. Spanish authors participated in 73% of the international cooperations with Cuba. A study about the Spanish Medical Index (IME and the Spanish Index of Social Sciences and Humanities (ISOC is necessary to have a general overview of the Cuban scientific production in the Spanish literature in Science and Technology, Medicine and Society.

El presente trabajo es un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica cubana en la Bibliografía Española de Ciencia y Tecnología. Se utilizaron los registros recuperados de la versión en CD-ROM del Indice Español de Ciencia y Tecnología (ICYT durante el período comprendido entre 1995 y 2001, siempre que apareciera una institución cubana en el campo de afiliación. Se utilizaron como indicadores bibliométricos la producción científica anual de los investigadores, el índice de coautoría y los índices de colaboración entre instituciones. Se utilizó el conteo directo para el análisis de la productividad individual de los autores. Se obtuvieron un total de 958 artículos con autores cubanos, publicados en 103 publicaciones seriadas españolas. El promedio de autores por art

MODELADO DE PROCESOS DE TRABAJO INTENSIVOS EN CONOCIMIENTO. UNA APLICACIÓN EN LA INDUSTRIA DEL SOFTWARE CUBANA

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Carlos Rolando Macías Gelabert

2009-09-01

Full Text Available

En este documento se propone un método general para el modelado de procesos de trabajo intensivos en conocimiento, donde se establece la necesidad de integrar los esfuerzos de mejoramiento de flujos de trabajo y del conocimiento. Se plantean criterios para la selección del proceso utilizando enfoques cualitativos, su análisis a través de la matriz de la estructura de diseño y el modelado genérico de actividades, que contribuyen a determinar la dependencia y estructuración del conocimiento en las actividades, respectivamente. Estas herramientas permiten identificar factores a considerar para la toma de decisiones de mejoramiento en dichos procesos de trabajo. El método fue aplicado en una organización cubana de la industria del software.

El Ateneo de Madrid y el problema colonial en las vísperas de la guerra de independencia cubana

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García Mora, Luis Miguel

1996-08-01

Full Text Available Spain’s colonial problem on the eve of the Cuban War of Independence was a deeply debated subject at the time in the Athenaeum of Madrid, like in Parliament. The author's argument is that, rather than sponsoring a scientific debate on the matter, the Athenaeum wanted to influence Spain’s public opinion and political élite of its own ideas on colonial reform.

El problema colonial fue un tema debatido en profundidad en el Ateneo de Madrid en los momentos previos a la definitiva Guerra de Independencia Cubana (1895-1898. La idea que se defiende es que más que tener lugar un debate científico sobre el problema colonial contemporáneo, se trataba de aprovechar la plataforma ateneísta para concienciar a la opinión pública y la élite política española de la necesidad de una reforma colonial que por las mismas fechas se discutía en el Parlamento.

COLOFONIA DE PINÁCEAS CUBANAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES TRANSMITIDAS POR MOLUSCOS

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Y. Arteaga-Crespo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La esquistosomiasis, enfermedad tropical transmitida por molusco, ocupa el segundo lugar en enfermedades parasitarias después de la malaria. En Cuba no existe la esquistosomiasis aunque sí el riesgo a contraerla, puesto que en nuestra fauna se encuentran especies que pueden actuar como hospederos intermediarios del tremátodo causante de la enfermedad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el polvo de colofonia sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis para el control de vectores que propagan la esquistosomiasis, según la metodología desarrollada por la Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS y descrita por Mott para la evaluación de plantas con acción molusquicida. Los resultados del estudio sugieren la acción molusquicida de colofonia obtenida de pináceas cubanas (Pinus caribaea y Pinus tropicalis sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis en dosis letales (DL50 y DL90 son 44, 33 mg·L-1 y 141, 76 mg·L-1, respectivamente. La ecuación de regresión correspondiente fue: Y = - 0, 412 + 1, 086 ln X con un valor del coeficiente de correlación R 0, 99 y error estándar 0, 13. Las dosis revelan la efectividad de los componentes presentes en la colofonia, resultados comparables con publicaciones de extractos de otras especies de plantas.

A revolução cubana atinge a terceira idade

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Vanessa Lea

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Minha primeira tentativa de visitar Cuba foi em 1972. Na época, eu vivia na Inglaterra e, devido à recente expulsão de um diplomata cubano do Reino Unido, meu visto não foi concedido. Eu pretendia estudar literatura cubana pós-revolucionária na Universidade de Essex, na graduação, influenciada pela disciplina de Estudos Latino-Americanos que, em 1971, abordava as Revoluções em Cuba e na União Soviética. A oportunidade de visitar Cuba surgiu novamente em 2013 e, com ela, a possibilidade de comemorar meu aniversário de 60 anos em Havana, junto com o 60o aniversário da Revolução, corporificando (embodying pessoalmente a duração desse evento, já que nasci no dia do ataque rebelde ao Quartel Moncada – 26 de julho de 1953. Durante a estadia em Cuba, cada vez que alguém examinava meu passaporte, olhava-me com uma mistura de surpresa e curiosidade, ao se dar conta da coincidência cronológica entre a Cuba pós-revolucionária e a minha trajetória pessoal. Este texto, em alguma medida, é uma maneira de digerir esta experiência em Cuba, tão contrastante com minhas recordações enquanto aluna de graduação. Durante três semanas, em companhia da minha filha, Julia, e do seu namorado, viajei cerca de 2.000 km pela metade ocidental do arquipélago de Cuba. Julia é parceira do joint-venture que resultou neste ensaio experimental. Mesmo de férias, a(o antropóloga(o dificilmente consegue abdicar de sua observação dos detalhes em cada situação na qual se encontra. Este relato homenageia a energia inesgotável e a engenhosidade do povo cubano perante tantas adversidades.

Autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos sul-americanas: uma análise a partir de regras organizacionais

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Mariane Martins da Silva Sandri

2013-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a organização das autoridades reguladoras nacionais (ARN de medicamentos da Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Peru pela análise de categorias representativas de regras organizacionais. MÉTODOS: As ARN estudadas foram selecionadas utilizando-se os seguintes critérios: estar em país da América do Sul, ter sido identificada como ARN nos Encuentros de Autoridades Competentes en Medicamentos de los Países Iberoamericanos e apresentar boa disponibilidade de dados eletrônicos sobre estrutura e processo da regulação de medicamentos. Como principal fonte de dados, foram consultadas páginas eletrônicas entre maio de 2010 e março de 2011. As categorias analíticas foram: estrutura da organização, competências, direcionalidade e formas de responsabilidade e prestação de contas. RESULTADOS: As ARN da Argentina e do Brasil funcionavam como agências autônomas, enquanto que as do Chile e do Peru se subordinavam diretamente aos respectivos ministérios da saúde. À exceção da ARN brasileira, evidenciou-se a dependência das demais em relação ao ministério para emitir normas sanitárias. O escopo de ação de cada autoridade se diferenciou pelos bens e serviços a ela sujeitos, sendo a do Peru a única dedicada exclusivamente à regulação de medicamentos. As quatro ARN realizam todos os processos apontadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como essenciais para uma regulação efetiva. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apontam para um esforço dos países estudados em melhorar sua estrutura regulatória. Não obstante, em diversos aspectos, as quatro ARN ainda precisam aprimorar mecanismos para garantir, ao final da cadeia regulatória, a qualidade e a segurança dos medicamentos por elas regulados, com mais transparência nos processos decisórios e prestação de contas à sociedade.

De alimento a poesía: la identidad cubana en Paradiso de José Lezama Lima

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María Adelaida Escobar-Trujillo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Partiendo de los estudios sobre lo cubano en Paradiso de José Lezama Lima, este trabajo busca contribuir al análisis de la transculturación a través del paisaje y la comida como imágenes que fundan la identidad cubana en la novela. Igualmente, se busca establecer la relación entre comida y poesía a partir del proceso de preparación, transformación y presentación que experimentan alimento y palabra. El trabajo está dividido en tres secciones: el producto vegetal primario, la elaboración de los alimentos y, finalmente, su presentación en los banquetes gastronómicos.Starting from works related to Cuban identity in Paradiso from José Lezama Lima, this paper will contribute to the study of the concept of transculturation by means of landscape and food that are presented as images used to build the Cuban identity in the novel. The paper will also establish a relationship between food and poetry based on the preparation, transformation and presentation of both, ingredients and words. The paper is divided in three sections: the primary vegetal products, food elaboration and food presentations through gastronomic banquets.

Citoquinas reguladoras de la respuesta al transplante renal alogénico Regulatory cytokines in the response to the allogeneic renal transplant

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Rita L. Cardoni

2005-03-01

Full Text Available La aceptación o el rechazo del riñón alogénico dependen principalmente de la respuesta inmune y de su compleja regulación en la cual la red de citoquinas y otros mediadores juegan un importante papel. Actualmente, la biopsia renal es, a pesar de lo invasor del procedimiento, la herramienta de mayor utilidad para el control del rechazo al trasplante y el diagnóstico de las nefropatías asociadas. Por ello, es de gran interés encontrar métodos alternativos para el diagnóstico. La evaluación de citoquinas reguladoras de la respuesta inmune es un procedimiento sencillo y de bajo costo que podría ser de utilidad para incrementar la sensibilidad de la detección de diferencias polimórficas, para pronosticar la aceptación del trasplante y para la detección precoz del rechazo. Los estudios recientes sugieren que la producción exagerada de mediadores pro-inflamatorios, incluyendo a citoquinas Th1, sería desventajosa para la sobrevida del trasplante, mientras que la producción de citoquinas reguladoras anti-inflamatorias, como la interleuquina (IL-10 y el factor de crecimiento tumoral (TGF-b, sería beneficiosa. En las primeras etapas, la respuesta Th1 puede incrementar la actividad citotóxica y la detección de moléculas citotóxicas está asociada al rechazo agudo. Luego podría ser más importante considerar el balance entre la producción de mediadores pro- y anti-inflamatorios y la regulación de sus niveles. Así, el TGF-b es también fibrogénico y su excesiva producción local puede contribuir al daño renal. Por otro lado, el incremento de la producción de IL-10 en respuesta al estímulo alogénico sería, en la mayoría de los casos, un marcador importante para pronosticar la aceptación prolongada.The outcome of the kidney allograft mainly depends on the immune response and on its complex regulation, where the cytokine network and other mediators play an important role. At present, kidney biopsy is the most useful tool for

Las estrategias de legitimación de la derecha hispano-cubana para con la España franquista: la acción y el discurso (1936-1939

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Katia Figueredo Cabrera

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo asociativo de las diferentes microfracciones de la derecha hispano-cubana vinculadas con la guerra civil española. En igual sentido recrea el impacto del Decreto de Unificación para el grupo conservador residente en la mayor de las Antillas y el surgimiento, por consiguiente, de la FET y de las JONS de Cuba, una nueva forma de sociabilidad política que activó las actividades pro franquistas en la isla hasta el final de la contienda. El artículo cierra con un estudio comparativo de los móviles teóricos de ambas derechas, afines con los preceptos programáticos del fascismo genérico.

Batería luria inicial y desarrollo de las funciones psicológicas superiores

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Yaser Ramírez Benítez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La batería neuropsicológica Luria Inicial es un instrumento válido para evaluar y seguir el desarrollo de las funciones psicológicas superiores en la edad preescolar. El modelo neuropsicológico de Luria ofrece la posibilidad para conocer las funciones superiores del niño. Metodología: La investigación pretende determinar la utilidad clínica del instrumento Luria Inicial en la población cubana preescolar con alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. El objetivo se cumplió con la revisión de los trabajos científicos publicados en la fecha 2006-2013 en bases de datos electrónica (Scielo, EBSCO host, LILACS, Medigraphic. Resultados: El instrumento tiene una efectiva utilidad clínica para conocer el perfil neuropsicológico del niño preescolar con alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. Los resultados en varias poblaciones (TDAH, bajo peso al nacer, desórdenes metabólicos informan que el acto motor con intencionalidad, la inhibición conductual y la organización espacial son habilidades diana a cualquier evento que interrumpan el neurodesarrollo. La adquisición de la función reguladora del habla predice las condiciones preacadémicas del niño en conjunto con el estado real de las funciones superiores. La utilidad clínica del instrumento está en la posibilidad de describir-explicar el estado real de las funciones superiores y su potencial: el niño puede ejecutar e imitar movimientos, dibujar, reconocer los colores y hablar (estado real, pero si no organiza esas ejecuciones a través de la función reguladora del habla (estado potencial estará sujeto a errores y a no aprender por orientaciones del adulto en la etapa escolar. La línea de pensamiento que ofrece Luria para estudiar a los niños es válida y confiable para diagnosticar y rehabilitar las secuelas del sistema nervioso en desarrollo.

Efectos de la migración sobre el crecimiento poblacional a largo plazo de las provincias cubanas

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Daylin Cecilia Rodriguez Javique

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Cuba es un país que, además de presentar niveles de fecundidad inferiores al nivel de reemplazo, ha registrado un significativo saldo migratorio negativo. Se observa también un intenso flujo migratorio interno cuyo patrón es muy diferente entre las provincias. Debido a la magnitud de estos flujos migratorios, la migración se presenta como un componente demográfico importante en la dinámica poblacional cubana. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el efecto de la migración interna e internacional sobre el potencial de crecimiento a largo plazo de Cuba y de sus provincias. Para esto, calculamos medidas de reproducción y de crecimiento poblacional a partir de los métodos demográficos convencionales y de la metodología propuesta por Preston y Wang (2007, que se basa en los métodos de variable r. Considerando el patrón demográfico corriente, en la mayoría de los territorios de Cuba se observa una reducción substantiva en la capacidad de reposición de las generaciones y en tamaño futuro de la población cuando se consideran los efectos de la migración.

En busca del taíno, historia de una pelea cubana contra el normativismo

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Daniel Torres Etayo

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Durante mucho tiempo la Arqueología caribeña ha usado ampliamente el término“Taíno” para identificar a las sociedades tribales más desarrolladas encontradas por los europeos en el momento de la conquista. Sin embargo, cuando penetramos en el profuso mundo de las investigaciones realizadas descubrimos que “lo taíno” se refiere a fenómenos distintos, dependiendo del autor, las evidencias manejadas y el país. Hasta el día de hoy, el concepto de “Cultura Taína” ha buscado, salvo raras excepciones, presentar un artificial panorama homogéneo atribuible a todos estos grupos aborígenes que poblaban las Grandes Antillas. En Cuba el caso no es diferente y el dilatado camino recorrido para encontrar una definición para la cultura o las culturas agroceramistas que ocuparon el suelo cubano, aun no ha llegado a su fin. En el trabajo se presentan las diferentes posiciones se han presentado a lo largo del tiempo, y se destacan las dos grandes líneas teóricas: la etnográfica y la particularista. También se realiza un análisis crítico de la tendencia marxista generalizadora en la Arqueología cubana y la sugerencia de algunos problemas teóricos-metodológicos a resolver desde el propio marxismo para lograr la definición, si es que existe, de la llamada cultura taina en Cuba.

Dinámica demográfica cubana. Antecedentes para un análisis.

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Juan Carlos Albizu-Campos Espiñeira

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En el contexto de América Latina, en el que es posible encontrar países ubicados en distintas etapas de la llamada «primera transición demográfica», algunos de ellos en sus fases más avanzadas, hoy se está produciendo un debate sobre la fase transicional en la que se posicionaría Cuba. Pareciera lícito afirmar que la población cubana se encuentra ya en esa franja que algunos autores han dado en llamar «de postransición» y, otros, de «segunda transición demográfica». Sin embargo, se va haciendo evidente que, en términos de sus indicadores, el país se está colocando en un lugar próximo al del promedio europeo, mucho más avanzado que la posición media que caracteriza a los países de la región latinoamericana y caribeña. El caso cubano es, por ello, aleccionador en dos sentidos: por una parte, muestra que la ausencia de desarrollo económico no es un obstáculo infranqueable para la transición demográfica, y, por otra, que la persistencia del subdesarrollo impone límites para el avance ulterior, en forma de una fragilidad demográfica, en la que una elevada esperanza de vida no se haga acompañar de una igualmente elevada calidad de la supervivencia. Solo el desarrollo socioeconómico, con un claro énfasis inversionista en la creación de puestos de trabajo productivos y el aumento de la productividad del trabajo en la economía, permitirá disponer de los recursos necesarios para un progreso sostenido, en términos de desarrollo humano.

La integración de la Higiene y la Epidemiología a la Atención Primaria: Otro avance de la Salud Pública Cubana

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Denis Berdasquera Corcho

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un análisis sobre la importancia de la higiene y la epidemiología en la atención primaria de salud de nuestro país, la organización de los servicios higiénico- epidemiológicos, los sistemas de vigilancia en salud y otras actividades que se han desarrollado con la vinculación estrecha de estas ramas. Se pone de manifiesto la relevancia de este logro de la salud pública cubanaAn analysis is made on the importance of hygiene and epidemiology in primary health care in our country, the organization of the hygienic epidemiologic services, the health surveillance systems and other activities that have been carried out with the close relation of these branches. Emphasis is made on the significance of this achievement of the Cuban public health

VISIÓN METODOLÓGICA DE LA CLASE EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR CUBANA. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA PARA LA CARRERA DE DERECHO

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Juan Emigdio García Cuza

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La obra defiende la concepción de la clase como la actividad y el momento más importante del proceso docente educativo. En el caso de la Carrera de Derecho, destaca como puede desarrollarse en varios escenarios y por la vía de varios tipos de clases. Bien sea en el aula a través de la conferencia, el seminario y la clase encuentro. También mediante la clase práctica y el taller, en el estrado o en la empresa como laboratorios naturales para el desarrollo de esos tipos de actividades docentes. En ese orden de ideas, el autor caracteriza a todos los tipos de clase e identifica el carácter indicativo de los objetivos que el profesor debe concebir según el programa analítico de la asignatura, su relación con el Plan de Estudio y el Modelo Pedagógico, documentos bases, para el desarrollo del trabajo docente metodológico, considerado como un procedimiento muy importante para el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo en la educación superior cubana.

Centre of nuclear research experience in the control of personal exposition between 2002 - 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bayardo, Karina; Blanco, Daniel; Garcia, Fernando

2008-01-01

Full text: The control of the personal exposition in the public University is done by the Centre of Nuclear Research since 1999. A look at the last years permitted to note the increase in the Personal Dosimeter users. In this work we study the annual collective dose, the annual effective dose average and the different dose in each University area between 2002-2005. The annual effective dose limit for the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (Autoridad Reguladora Nuclear), are the suggested by the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). The actual application of the Basics Principles of Radiological Protection demand exposition levels as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) considering economics and social factors. In this way we decrease the probability to induce illness in the expose personal and their descendants. The different dependences of the University where the service is given are: Faculty of Medicine (Radiology, Oncology, Clinical Oncology, Nuclear Medicine), Faculty of Chemistry (Radiochemistry), Faculty of Odontology (Radiology), Faculty of Veterinary (Radiology) and Faculty of Sciences (Centre of Nuclear Research). The number of users between 2002-2006 varied from 292 in year 2002 to 329 in the year 2006. We see a maximum of persons in the year 2004. The annual collective dose have been changing too, the lowest was 0.13 Sv.person in the year 2002 and the highest was 0.21 Sv.person in the year 2005. The annual collective dose permits the evaluation of the radiological impact of the radiation ionising manipulation in the University. In these 5 years the 96% of the annual effective dose average were under 4 mSv, and the 76% were smaller than the minimum detectable limit. This 76% were obtained in teach and researches areas. In the 4% higher than 4 mSv we can find areas where works with open radioactive sources like: Nuclear Medicine and Radiochemistry (Faulted de Pumice). In these places we detect annual effective doses of 15 mSv, these levels

El control de la intensidad del entrenamiento de los ejercicios competitivos individuales con Cuerda, en la preparación deportiva de las gimnastas élites cubanas de 1ra Categoría en Gimnasia Rítmica

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Yolainy Govea Díaz

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El proceso de preparación deportiva de las gimnastas élites cubanas de Gimnasia Rítmica en los últimos años ha ido modificándose debido a los cambios de las exigencias del código de puntuación planteadas por la FIG. Se han realizado investigaciones alrededor del asunto pero aún existen deficiencias como es el control de la carga de entrenamiento y fundamentalmente el indicador intensidad. La intensidad resulta muy difícil de valorar y controlar en los entrenamientos de Gimnasia Rítmica, debido a la variabilidad de ejercicios técnicos que se ejecutan, pero además por lo individualizado que se hace el entrenamiento de los ejercicios competitivos, pues las gimnastas ejecutan los ejercicios o elementos en dependencia de nivel técnico y físico que tengan. Por esta razón se determinó como objetivo de esta investigación elaborar un conjunto de indicaciones metodológicas para el control de la intensidad del entrenamiento de los ejercicios competitivos individuales de las gimnastas elites cubanas (adultas de Gimnasia Rítmica. Fueron utilizados diferentes métodos teóricos y empíricos que permitieron el desarrollo de la investigación. Se hicieron diferentes mediciones durante los entrenamientos de la preparación especial, ya que en esta etapa la gimnasta se encuentra lista para realizar el ejercicio competitivo con música, como lo realizará en las competencias.

Recuperación del cobalto mediante la lixiviación con ácido tartárico de una mena laterítica fuera de balance cubana

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Ballester Pérez, A.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available With the knowledge accumulated today on the perspectives of the bioleaching in the treatment of the lateritic ores of low law and the main limitations of the conventional technologies for treating these minerals, the leaching process is evaluated with organic acid for the recovery of the cobalt present in minerals of low law in nickel. This is an option to keep in mind for the solution of the main socio-environmental and economic problems in the nickel Cuban industry today. In this work it is demonstrated that it is possible to recover around 90 % of the cobalt contained in the lateritic ores of low law in nickel in four days by means of the leaching with tartaric acid. Also the main physical-chemical parameters that influence this process are determined. The perspectives of the organic leaching in the treatment of out-of-balance minerals generated in the nickel. Cuban industry are analyzed.

Mediante la conjugación de los conocimientos acumulados hasta el momento sobre las perspectivas de la biolixiviación en el tratamiento de los minerales lateríticos de baja ley y las principales limitaciones de las tecnologías convencionales de tratamiento de estos minerales, se evalúa el proceso de lixiviación en medio orgánico para la recuperación del cobalto presente en minerales de baja ley en níquel. Esta, constituye una opción a tener en cuenta para la solución de los principales problemas socioambientales y económicos existentes hoy de forma latente en la industria cubana del níquel. En el trabajo se demuestra que es posible recuperar alrededor del 90 % del cobalto contenido en éstas menas fuera de balance, en cuatro días, mediante la lixiviación con el ácido tartárico. Se determinan los principales parámetros físico-químicos que inciden en dicho proceso. Se evalúan las perspectivas de la lixiviación orgánica en el tratamiento de los minerales fuera de balance generados en la industria cubana del níquel.

El papel de la autoridad reguladora en la alfabetización mediática The Role of Broadcasting Regulation in Media Literacy

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Eve Salomon

2009-03-01

Full Text Available La autora presenta una perspectiva global sobre las razones por las que la televisión está regulada, los mecanismos utilizados para la regulación, y qué es lo que abarca esa regulación, particularmente en sus propósitos culturales. La autora concluye con sugerencias acerca de cómo se podría tender en las naciones hacia un futuro digital convergente, incluyendo un papel más preponderante de los consejos reguladores en la promoción de la alfabetización mediática. OFCOM, el regulador del Reino Unido es un ejemplo de cómo una autoridad reguladora puede tener un papel destacado en la alfabetización mediática y la información, agregando éstas a sus actuales objetivos de adjudicación y regulación del espectro, en preparación de la convergencia digital. La regulación y auto-regulación, para ser efectivas, tendrán que apoyarse sobre una integral educación en medios. The author presents a global perspective on the reasons why television is regulated, the mechanisms used for regulation, and what regulation covers, particularly its cultural purposes. The author concludes with suggestions about how this might change as nations move to wards a converged, digital future, including an increased role for the regulator in the promotion of media literacy. The UK’s regulator, OFCOM, is used as an example of how a regulatory authority can take a leading role in media and information literacy, adding to its existing missions of allocating and regulating spectrum, in preparation for the digital switchover. Regulation and self-regulation, to be truly effective, will need to rely on extensive media literacy.

El Profesor Guía: máximo orientador del trabajo educativo en la Educación Médica Superior Cubana Guide professor: the greatest counselor for the educative work in the Cuban Medical High Education

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Sonia Socarrás Sánchez; Martha Díaz Flores; Antonio Sáez Palmero

2012-01-01

El Profesor Guía en la universidad cubana y en particular en la educación médica superior desempeña un rol fundamental en el proceso de formación integral del futuro profesional. Para lograr este propósito debe cumplir con sus direcciones de trabajo y funciones, las cuales se abordan en este artículo. Se incorporan nuevas categorías como es la definición de la labor educativa de los profesores guías de la carrera de Medicina, la redefinición de Profesor Guía y se proponen nuevas funciones que...

Papilomavirus humanos y otros factores asociados al desarrollo de lesiones cervicouterinas en mujeres cubanas

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Yudira Soto Brito

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la circulación de genotipos de Papilomavirus humanos (PVH y los factores sociodemográficos, epidemiológicos y clínicos asociados con la presencia de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales en un grupo de mujeres cubanas. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en población femenina de 4 municipios de La Habana. Se incluyeron 519 mujeres entre 15 y 59 años con una citología cervical negativa en los dos años anteriores al estudio. Se les realizó citología cervical y detección de PVH. Para la detección viral se realizó Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR empleando los oligonucleótidos MY09/11. El genotipado se realizó mediante hibridación Dot Blot. Resultados: El 41,6% de la población estudiada se diagnosticó con citología con citología positiva, de ellas el 58,8% con lesiones de alto grado. En el 66,3% de las mujeres estudiadas se detectó algún tipo de PVH, asociado significativamente con la citología positiva. Se identificaron 30 genotipos diferentes de PVH, con predominio de los genotipos oncogénicos PVH 16 (41,0%, 31 (11,6% y 18 (10,2%. Los predictores de riesgo para la infección con estos genotipos fueron: el inicio de las relaciones sexuales antes de los 15 años, la menarquía entre 10 y 14 años, el consumo de cigarrillos y de anticonceptivos orales. En mujeres menores de 20 años predominaron las lesiones de alto grado. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio apoyan el uso de la vacunación contra PVH y sugiere la realización de investigaciones basadas en estudios virológicos y citológicos en mujeres menores de 25 años.

Estructura social e igualdad en la Cuba actual: los efectos de la reforma de los noventa sobre la estructura de clases cubana

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Albert Noguera Fernández

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Social structure and equality in  present-day Cuba: the effects of the 1990s reform on the structure of Cuban social  classesThe principle objective of this article is to exemplify and reflect upon the transformations that  have occurred in the structure of the Cuban social  classes since the reforms in the socialist system,  especially since 1990. At that time of economic  crisis caused by the collapse of international socialism, a period of important changes began in  the political-economic sphere. In this regard, it is  important to highlight the appearance of new factors which are capable of creating new groups  of social structures in Cuban society. The creation  of an economy with a dual character, the expansion of the informal sector, the reorganization of  the production of agriculture and fishing, and the  rise of the informal economy have imposed an increase in inequality with regard to the income of  the citizens, which between 1959-1989 was considered by many authors as one of the most equitable societies in the world. This article also proposes what could become projects that are aiming  to attain terms of relative equality or equilibrium  in the standards of living of the citizenry. Resumen:Esto es un artículo que tiene como objetivo principal exponer y reflexionar acerca de las transformaciones ocurridas en la estructura socioclasista cubana a partir de las reformas en el sistema socialista, en especial a partir de 1990 en  que, con la crisis económica ocasionada por el  derrumbe del socialismo internacional, comienza  un período de importantes cambios en la esfera  político-económica. En este aspecto, resulta de interés destacar la aparición de nuevos factores  con capacidad de crear nuevos grupos socioestructurales en la sociedad cubana. La creación  de una economía de carácter dual, la expansión  del sector informal, la reorganización de la producción agropecuaria o la econom

Aplicaciones de los métodos de optimización en el diseño de Sistemas Híbridos Eólico – Fotovoltáicos para las condiciones tropicales cubanas. // Optimization methods application of hybrid eolic- photovoltaic systems in tropical conditions.

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M. Menéndez González; A. Sarmiento Sera

2002-01-01

En este trabajo se plantea la aplicación y optimización de métodos en el diseño de sistemas híbridos eólico-fotovoltáicos loscuales se fundamentan en una programación lineal, para esto es analizada una instalación energética y la demandaenergética constante en una localidad cubana, a partir de datos de viento y radiación solar.Palabras claves: Energía renovable, sistemas híbridos, sistemas autónomos, recursos renovables, costos deenergía, contaminación ambiental.______________________________...

LA IDENTIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA DE LA JUVENTUD CUBANA: ¿EL INSULTO COMO NUEVO ACCESORIO CULTURAL?

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Arian Laverdeza Reyes

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen El ensayo científico vislumbra el fenómeno del uso del lenguaje entre los jóvenes cubanos en el siglo XXI. En él se analizan con detalle los posturas verbales que engrosan la identidad juvenil del contexto nacional. Para ello se toma al insulto como acto pragmático fundamental, variable que a la vez conduce el análisis general de estas posturas asumidas entre los hablantes del citado grupo etáreo. En el trabajo se hace referencia a las “contribuciones” del universo juvenil cubano a la identidad cultural. Se establecen de igual modo las pautas para identificar la presencia de una cultura en renovación y desprovista de fronteras culturales. Lo lingüístico sirve de muestra para caracterizar, desde lo sobreentendido como tabú, a la cultura cubana que se manifiesta en los jóvenes a través de un lenguaje semejante a su tiempo y no a sus tradiciones. ABSTRACT The scientific essay sees the phenomenon of language use among young Cubans in the XXI century. In a detailed analysis verbal postures that swell youth identity of the national context. To do this you take the insult as a fundamental pragmatic act, while variable that drives the overall analysis of these assumed positions between speakers of that age group. At work reference to "contributions" of Cuban youth cultural identity universe is made. Likewise establishes guidelines for identifying the presence of a culture devoid of renewal and cultural boundaries. The language used to characterize sample from understatement as taboo, to Cuban culture that manifests in young people through such language in time and not to their traditions.

Aproximación a la historia del “imperialismo editorial” de Estados Unidos en la etapa preindependentista cubana: entre la necesidad y el exilio

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Sánchez Baena, Juan José

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Not available.

Análisis bibliográfico externo e interno de los fondos impresos del siglo XIX publicados en Estados Unidos, pertenecientes a dos importantes bibliotecas cubanas, la de la Oficina del Historiador, formada por colecciones privadas, y la de la Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País, de acceso público. El exilio cubano en Estados Unidos formó en Nueva York el núcleo impresor más importante. Sus imprentas avanzaban al ritmo de los movimientos socio-políticos de anexionistas e independentistas. Los formatos más utilizados para la batalla ideológica librada desde el exterior eran, aparte de las publicaciones periódicas, el folleto y el cuaderno. Los resultados confirman que para las obras permitidas, el encorsetamiento editorial producido por la censura no podía cubrir las necesidades de obras impresas del público cubano, lo que unido al desarrollo de las imprentas norteamericanas y al momento de expansión del país vecino, hicieron posible la creación en Cuba de un mercado para las obras impresas en Estados Unidos.

Implementación de la filosofía hooponopónica modificada en el programa terapéutico para pacientes que funcionan a nivel neurótico

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Roberto Anselmo Ramos Valverde

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Se fundamenta la implementación de la filosofía hooponopónica, modificada en el programa terapéutico de los pacientes que funcionan a nivel neurótico en el Hospital de Día de Las Tunas, lo cual responde a una de las líneas de investigación del proyecto institucional FiloArtMed. La filosofía hooponopónica de fundamento idealista, exotérico y negador de la realidad, de orígenes milenarios en Hawái, fue modificada teniendo en cuenta el significado de sus palabras claves: perdóname, gracias, lo siento, te amo, de acuerdo a los preceptos dialécticos materialistas de la Medicina y la Psicología cubanas, insertándola en el programa terapéutico integral del hospital de día para pacientes neuróticos como técnica cognitiva conductual reguladora del comportamiento, rectorizando las terapias a manera de núcleo terapéutico. Se desecharon sus preceptos acientíficos tradicionales y se incluyó, además, el ejercicio de meditación, derivado de esta filosofía, basado en el principio de la neuroplasticidad cerebral, como técnica de relajación y de limpieza mental, fungiendo como la entrada B de la psicoterapia grupal sistémica de regulación emocional

Local IgG synthesis in three pediatric patients with cuban epidemic neuropathy Sintesis local de IgG en tres pacientes pediátricos com neuropatía epidêmica cubana

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Alberto Dorta-Contreras

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Three pediatric patients with Cuban epidemic neuropathy were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were simultaneously obtained. Albumin and IgG were quantified by immunodifusion. Albumin quotient and local synthesis of IgG were calculated by Reiber/Felgenhauer formula. A patient with optic neuritis had a dysfunction of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. All the group had local synthesis of IgG.Se estudiaron tres pacientes pediátricos con neuropatia epidêmica cubana. Se obtuvieron suero y liquido cefalorraquídeo simultaneamente. Se cuantificaran los niveles de albúmina e IgG por inmunodifusion radial. Se calculo la razón albúmina y la fórmula de Reiber/Felgenhauer. Un paciente con neuritis óptica tuvo una disfunción de la barrera sangre-líquido cefaloraquídeo. Todo el grupo tuvo síntesis local de IgG.

PERVIVENCIAS E INFLUENCIAS DE LA REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA EN LA CULTURA POLÍTICA DE LA AMÉRICA LATINA ACTUAL

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Joan del Alcàzar

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El régimen surgido de la victoria de los guerrilleros comandados por Fidel Castro en plena Guerra Fría todavía resiste como una fortaleza asediada. Además, contra lo previsible, sigue manteniendo una influencia política importante en América Latina. El precio que paga su población es muy alto, tanto en materia de derechos y libertades como en inseguridad alimentaria y calidad de vida. No es fácil expli-car esa paradoja: un régimen fracasado en el ámbito interno, sigue siendo reconocido y respetado en el externo. Cuba vive una coyuntura importante: el comienzo de negociaciones con los Estados Unidos para reanudar las relaciones interrumpidas hace medio siglo.Palabras clave: Cuba, América Latina, Revolu-ción cubana, salarios y precios, relaciones Cuba-EUA._________________________The emerged regime after the guerrilla’s victory led by Fidel Castro during the Cold War regime still resists as a besieged fortress. Moreover, against predictions, it retains significant political influence in Latin America. The price paid by its population is very high, both in terms of rights and freedoms as food insecurity and quality of life. It isn’t easy to explain this paradox: a failed regime in the domestic sphere is still recognized and respected externally. Cuba is an important juncture: the beginning of negotiations with the United States to restart interrupted relations half a century ago.Keywords: Cuba, Latin America, Cuban Revolu-tion, Wages and prices, Cuba-US relations.

Radiofarmácia e radiofármacos no Brasil: aspectos sanitários e fabris para a construção de uma linha de produção de radiofármacos PET Radiopharmacy and radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil: sanitaries aspects related to a project of an industry of PET radiopharmaceuticals

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Ralph Santos Oliveira

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O aumento do uso de radiofármacos PET (Pósitron Emission Tomography vem chamando a atenção dos profissionais da área de Medicina Nuclear e Farmácia, assim como das agências reguladoras. O objetivo é prover parâmetros estruturais e legais mínimos como uma referência nacional em radiofarmácia, que possam auxiliar as agências regulatórias, focando principalmente no projeto fabril.The increasing use of radiopharmaceuticals for PET (Positron Emission Tomography has come to the attention of nuclear medicine staff and regulatory bodies. The aim of this study is to provide a national reference in radiopharmacy that could help all nuclear medicine staff and specially the Brazilian's regulatory bodies focused on the industrial project.

Análisis cienciométrico de las publicaciones educacionales cubanas en la WoS y Scopus (2003-2012

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Cruz-Ramírez, Miguel

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This research consists of a statistical analysis of Cuban educational publications indexed in WoS and Scopus during the period 2003-2012. By means of a normalization procedure, keywords are classified according to the general categories of the ERIC thesaurus. The resulting data matrix comprised a total of 286 observations with 42 variables (41 general categories from the thesaurus plus the year of publication. Using various indicators, a characterization of the set of publications is produced. Productivity over time shows a tendency for growth, with irregularities that are explained hypothetically. A multivariate statistical analysis enables the classification of the reported investigations, as well as the identification of underlying patterns which are useful for characterizing similar publications of a greater visibility.Esta investigación consiste en un análisis cienciométrico de las publicaciones educacionales cubanas, referenciadas en la WoS y Scopus durante el período 2003-2012. Mediante un procedimiento de normalización, las palabras clave se clasifican con base en las categorías generales del tesauro ERIC. La matriz de datos comprende un total de 286 observaciones con 42 variables (41 categorías generales del tesauro y el año de publicación. A partir de varios indicadores se realiza una caracterización del conjunto de publicaciones. La productividad diacrónica tiene tendencia al crecimiento, con irregularidades que son explicadas de forma hipotética. El análisis estadístico multivariado facilita la clasificación de las investigaciones reportadas, así como la identificación de patrones subyacentes que sirven para caracterizar las publicaciones afines de mayor visibilidad.

A cultura musical cubana em cinco décadas fecundas (1959-2010

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Jesús Gómez Cairo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A Revolução triunfante em 1959 desencadeou um conjunto de transcendentais transformações em todas as esferas da vida política, econômica, social e cultural. Para isso, empregou como estratégia a formação profissional, técnica, científica, ideológica e cultural do povo, assim como a preparação em amplos aspectos dos novos artistas de que a nação precisava para seu desenvolvimento. O artigo propõe um passagem por todos os gêneros musicais cultivados na Ilha, assim como uma apresentação panorâmica e histórica dos mais destacados músicos, compositores, cantores, arranjadores, pedagogos, maestros e demais atores do vasto universo musical, desde a música popular até a música erudita ou acadêmica. A revisão abrange desde as influências da música afro-cubana, passando pelo jazz, até os mais modernos estilos musicais.La Revolución triunfante en 1959 desencadenó un conjunto de trascendentales transformaciones en todas las esferas de la vida política, económica, social y cultural. Para ello empleó en su estrategia la formación profesional, técnica, científica ideológica y cultural del pueblo la preparación en amplios aspectos de los nuevos artistas que la nación necesitaba para su desarrollo. El artículo propone un repaso por todos los géneros cultivados en la isla, así como una presentación panorámica e histórica de los más destacados músicos, compositores, cantantes, arregladores, pedagogos, maestros y demás actores del vasto universo de la música, desde la música popular hasta la música erudita o académica. Desde las influencias de la música afrocubana, pasando por el jazz, hasta los más modernos estilos musicales.The triumphant Revolution of 1959 unleashed a series of transcendental transformations in every sphere of the country's political, economic, social and cultural life. A strategy of fostering the professional, technical, scientific, ideological and cultural development of the people was

Coyuntura económica, procesos demográficos y salud. La experiencia cubana

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Rolando García Quiñones

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen A partir de la relación entre la población y el desarrollo, el presente trabajo tiene el propósito de examinar el impacto de la coyuntura económica sobre los procesos demográficos y la salud, a la luz de la experiencia cubana. Igualmente, señala la significación de las políticas públicas, de protección social y las potencialidades de la respuesta social organizada en economías emergentes, como es el caso de Cuba. Se retoma el impacto socio demográfico de la crisis de los años noventa del siglo XX. Para ello se hace hincapié en el análisis de algunos grupos como las mujeres y las familias, portadores de rasgos que los pueden hacer vulnerables en determinados contextos. Se señala la respuesta social que se evidenció ante tales consecuencias. También se hace un discernimiento entre manifestaciones socio demográficas que pueden ser el resultado de una transición demográfica muy avanzada o del impacto de coyunturas económicas adversas. Entre ellas se destacan la reducción de los niveles de fecundidad, la incidencia del aborto y patrones de uniones maritales. Finalmente, se reflejan algunos fragmentos de relatos pertenecientes a un estudio de caso realizado en Ciudad de La Habana durante los años 2006 y 2007. Con ello se intenta mostrar rasgos presentes en las decisiones individuales de cuidados de salud. Abstract From the relationship between population and development, this paper aims to examine the impact of economic conditions on demographic processes and health, in light of the Cuban experience. Also notes the significance of public policy, social protection and the potential of organized social response in emerging economies, as is the case of Cuba. Socio demographic impact of the crisis of the nineties of the twentieth century is resumed. For this, emphasis is made on the analysis of some groups such as women and families, carriers of traits that can make them vulnerable in certain contexts. The social response

Estabilidad de una formulación cubana de albendazol tabletas Stability study of a Cuban formulation of Albendazole tablets

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Jorge Enrique Rodríguez Chanfrau

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el albendazol es un medicamento cuya acción farmacológica lo define como un antihelmíntico de amplio espectro. Como parte del proceso de desarrollo de la industria farmacéutica cubana, se ha investigado e introducido una tecnología para la producción de tabletas de 200 mg de albendazol. Objetivo: evaluar la estabilidad química y microbiológica del medicamento. Métodos: tres lotes de 5 kg cada uno fueron preparados acorde con el proceso tecnológico desarrollado previamente. Los lotes elaborados se dividieron a la mitad; una parte se envasó en frascos plásticos de polietileno de alta densidad (formato No. 8, con tetina, tapa de rosca y sello de inviolabilidad por 10 tabletas, y la otra parte, en sobres termoconformados de PVC y aluminio por 10 tabletas. Estudios de estabilidad acelerada y de vida de estante se realizaron, aplicándose un método de análisis por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución descrito en la farmacopea americana, al cual previamente se le evaluó su especificidad. Las muestras se colectaron a tiempo 0, 1, 2, 3 y 6 meses para el estudio de estabilidad acelerado y a tiempo 0, 6, 12, 18 y 24 meses para la estabilidad por vida de estante. Resultados: se comprobó que los lotes al inicio cumplieron con los parámetros de calidad establecidos para el producto según la técnica de análisis. Los estudios de estabilidad acelerada a la temperatura de 40 ºC, del comportamiento del producto frente a la luz y del comportamiento frente a la humedad mostraron que el medicamento no sufrió variaciones apreciables en estas condiciones. Conclusiones: los estudios de estabilidad realizados demostraron que la tecnología cubana desarrollada para la elaboración de tabletas de albendazol es idónea, lo que garantiza que el medicamento mantenga sus parámetros de calidad química y microbiológica durante 24 meses.Introduction: Albendazole is a medication whose pharmacological action defines it as wide

Caracterización de los estudios de utilización de medicamentos publicados en revistas médicas cubanas, 1990-2003 Characterization of the studies of drug use published in Cuban medical journals, 1990-2003

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Juan Antonio Furones Mourelle

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción : El análisis de los estudios de utilización de medicamentos (EUM en un determinado país puede ayudar al conocimiento de la investigación realizada en este campo y detectar deficiencias o aspectos de la investigación no abordados, que permitan planificarlos de manera eficiente. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo según la fuente de información, con el objetivo de cuantificar y caracterizar los EUM publicados en revistas médicas cubanas desde 1990 hasta el 2003. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron todos los EUM publicados en revistas médicas cubanas de la Editorial Ciencias Médicas. Se describieron las principales variables que caracterizan el comportamiento de los EUM como: especialidad del primer autor, provincia y nivel asistencial donde se realizó el estudio, tipo de EUM, grupo farmacológico y fuente de datos empleada. Se utilizaron como medidas de resumen los números y los porcentajes. Resultados : Se revisaron 785 números de revistas, en las cuales se localizaron solo 31 artículos, y se observó un incremento de su publicación a partir del año 2000. Los médicos (80,6 % fueron los principales investigadores y la atención primaria de salud (67,7 % el nivel asistencial más utilizado. Las encuestas (58,1 % constituyeron la fuente de información más empleada. La mayoría de los estudios fueron de prescripción-indicación (48,4 % y el grupo farmacológico antiinfeccioso (29 % el más estudiado. Conclusiones : Resulta insuficiente la publicación de EUM en revistas médicas cubanas, lo que pudiera reflejar una infraproducción de este tipo de investigacionesIntroduction: The analysis of the studies of drug use in a given country may help to know the research carried out in this field and detect deficiencies or untouched research aspects, and allow planning them more efficiently. Methods: a retrospective descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to quantify

Algunos elementos del diseño metodológico en los artículos publicados en la Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral Some elements of the methodological design in the articles published in the Cuban Journal of General Medicine

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Aloysio Miranda Moles

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: describir la frecuencia de los paradigmas de investigación empleados en la Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, identificar si ha cambiado, en el tiempo, la periodicidad con que se realizan las investigaciones de carácter explicativas, y determinar cuáles fueron las técnicas estadísticas más empleadas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio bibliométrico descriptivo en el que se examinaron todos los artículos originales, publicados en la Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, en los periodos de 1995 al 1998 y del 2008 al 2010. Se procedió a clasificarlos según: tipo de estudio, clasificación de la investigación, rama de la estadística empleada y tipos de técnicas estadísticas usadas. Resultados: la gran mayoría de los artículos publicados, en ambos periodos, son de corte cuantitativo (198 por solo 7 cualitativos. Se clasificaron como descriptivos 118 (59 %. Si comparamos los periodos, en cuanto a este tipo de estudios, la diferencia es apenas del 1 %. Solo 37 (18,5 % artículos, son analíticos observacionales o experimentales. De estos últimos (5/7 71,4 % , se publicaron entre los años 2008 y 2010. Por otra parte, 117 (58,5 % emplearon la rama de la estadística descriptiva y 83 (41,5 % la inferencial. En ambos periodos, las técnicas de estadísticas descriptivas están presentes en 60 (53,1 % y 64 (58,2 % de los artículos respectivamente. Dentro de las técnicas inferenciales el test estadístico más usado, en ambos periodos, fue chi cuadrado 56 (25,1 %, seguido del cálculo del Odd Ratio 12 (5,4 % y la prueba t de Student 7 (3,1 %. Conclusiones: a pesar de que el paradigma cuantitativo es el que se emplea con mayor frecuencia en las investigaciones publicadas en la Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, en el último periodo analizado, se incrementaron los de corte cualitativo. Siguen siendo los estudios descriptivos los más publicados, pero pueden estar sentando las bases para el incremento en

Seguimiento de la reactogenicidad de la vacuna DTP cubana, utilizando dos métodos paralelos

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María de los Ángeles Peña Machado

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de caracterizar la reactogenicidad de la vacuna Antidiftérica-Antitetánica- Antipertusis (DTP cubana, desarrollada por el Instituto Finlay, se realizó un estudio utilizando dos métodos o fuentes de información diferentes y paralelos. La primera se obtuvo de un ensayo clínico (EC Fase IV, abierto, no controlado, en el que se incluyeron 57 lactantes. La segunda fuente de información se obtuvo de los reportes de los eventos temporalmente asociados a la vacunación (ETAV, recepcionados por la Unidad Coordinadora Nacional de Farmacovigilancia (UCNFv que incluyen a 86 lactantes que fueron atendidos por sospechas de ETAV. En el EC se aplicaron 167 dosis, los eventos adversos esperados e inesperados se observaron en un escaso número de lactantes, fueron mayoritariamente ligeros y autolimitados en el tiempo y su frecuencia de aparición se redujo en la 2da y 3ra dosis. El dolor fue el evento local más frecuente y la fiebre fue el evento general que más se presentó. No se reportaron vómitos y la anorexia, la somnolencia, y el llanto persistente aparecieron en un número limitado de sujetos vacunados.Se presentaron 12 eventos no esperados, solo en 2 de ellos se consideró que existía relación causal con la vacunación. Se reportó un evento adverso grave (niña hospitalizada por síndrome febril prolongado postvacunación, que se estudió y demostró que fue causado por una sepsis urinaria persistente provocada por una malformación vesico-ureteral. Los 86 reportes recepcionados por la UCNFv incluían un total de 141 ETAV, dentro de los síntomas locales, el eritema alcanzó un 9,30% y la induración un 5,81%, la fiebre fue un síntoma frecuente aunque no se especifica la temperatura corporal alcanzada. Aunque existen varias diferencias con relación a las condiciones en que se realiza la vigilancia de eventos adversos en un EC o en la práctica clínica habitual, los resultados aquí analizados nos confirman que la

La evaluación de las bibliotecas de instituciones cubanas de investigación en biotecnología

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Macías-Rivero, Yaidelyn

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of library performance and its relation to the effective functioning of R&D activities is unquestionable. Although there has been broad coverage of indicators for library evaluation, little has been produced about libraries attached to centres of high technology, such as biotechnology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the current situation of performance evaluations in 22 libraries of Cuban biotechnology research centres. The data introduced were gathered from a survey inquiring in to the use by library staff of this kind of study and the importance attached to it. The outputs of this paper could contribute to the development of performance indicators for libraries belonging to R&D centres. The outcome will also be useful for furthering comparative studies among different types of libraries.

La evaluación del desempeño de las Bibliotecas y su vínculo con el buen funcionamiento de las actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D es incuestionable. Aunque los indicadores para la evaluación de bibliotecas han sido ampliamente aborda dos, se ha hecho poco para las bibliotecas vinculadas a los centros de alta tecnología, tales como los dedicados a la biotecnología. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación actual de la evaluación del desempeño en 22 bibliotecas pertenecientes a instituciones cubanas de investigación en biotecnología. Los elementos aquí presentados fueron recogidos a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta, en la cual se indagó sobre el uso y la importancia que le confiere el personal bibliotecario a este tipo de estudio. Los resultados de este trabajo pueden contribuir con el desarrollo de indicadores de desempeño para las bibliotecas pertenecientes a centros de I+D. Servirán, también, para enriquecer estudios comparativos entre diferentes tipos de bibliotecas.

Evaluación de la actividad antimalárica de algunas plantas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional cubana

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M. RODRíGUEZ-PéREZ

2009-01-01

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La búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas es una alta prioridad en la lucha por el control de la malaria. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar extractos preparados a partir de plantas seleccionadas en base a información etnobotánica obtenida de la Medicina Tradicional Cubana. Extractos de seis plantas (Bambusa vulgaris, Parthenium hysterophorus, Melaleuca leucadendron, Indigofera suffruticosa, Artemisia absinthium, Simarouba glauca, fueron evaluados in vitro frente a la cepa F32/Tanzania de Plasmodium falciparum, S. glauca, P. hysterophorus, M. leucadendron y A. absinthium mostraron valores de Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria en el rango de 3,1 a 50 µg/mL, mientras B. vulgaris e I. suffruticosa presentaron valores negativos contra esta cepa. Al evaluar estas cuatro especies in vivo frente a Plasmodium berghei NK65, mostraron mayor actividad inhibidora A. absinthium con un 65,9% de reducción de la parasitemia a la dosis de 500 mg/kg, M. leucadendron con un 50% de reducción a la dosis de 250 mg/kg y S. glauca con una reducción del 43,2% a la dosis de 100 mg/kg. Los extractos que mostraron menor toxicidad fueron A. absinthium, y M. leucadendron. Estos resultados muestran las potencialidades antimaláricas de algunas plantas medicinales utilizadas en Cuba y trazan el camino para estudios posteriores de sus constituyentes químicos activos. Palabras-claves: Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium berghei; plantas antimaláricas; etnobotánico.

Estudio de inmunogenicidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana de polisacárido Vi vax-TyVi® en ratones

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Juan Carlos Ramírez

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi es un microorganismo que provoca más de 16 millones de casos de fiebre tifoidea con aproximadamente 600 000 muertes al año en todo el mundo. Dentro de las vacunas antitifoídicas la de polisacárido capsular Vi ha encontrado, gracias a sus incuestionables ventajas, una gran aceptación entre productores y consumidores. El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de inmunogenicidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana de polisacárido Vi vax-TyViâ en ratones. El estudio estuvo conformado por un grupo control no inoculado y un segundo grupo que recibió 0,05 mL de la vacuna por vía intramuscular. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a los -3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 y 84 días. La actividad de anticuerpos IgG antipolisacárido Vi de los sueros individuales fue determinada por ELISA. Los datos fueron analizados por grupo y por sexo y se calculó el porcentaje de seroconversión, considerándose respondedor aquel animal que al menos aumentara en cuatro veces su título inicial. La respuesta de anticuerpos inducida por la vacuna mostró un aumento notable de los títulos de IgG antipolisacárido Vi en el grupo vacunado (100% de seroconversión, mientras que el grupo control no incrementó sus niveles mínimos iniciales (0% de respondedores. Aunque más dispersa, la respuesta de anticuerpos antiVi fue significativamente mayor en las hembras que en los machos.

Reforma migratoria en Cuba e impacto psicosocial en la sociedad cubana. Cuban migratory reform and psychosocial impact in cuban society

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Jany Barcenas Alfonso

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La reforma migratoria en Cuba incluye el conjunto de nuevas regulaciones anunciadas en octubre 2012 y puestas en vigor a partir del 14 de enero de 2013. Los cambios en las prácticas cotidianas, por las posibilidades que se abren para la migración externa en el movimiento de la población, también impactan la subjetividad cotidiana. Con el objetivo de estudiar el impacto psicosocial, se empleó una metodología mixta en dos fases: cuantitativa con 411 cuestionarios en marzo 2013 y de profundización cualitativa con 14 estudios de caso en marzo 2014, todos aplicados en La Habana. Los resultados evidencian transformaciones en formas de sentir, pensar y actuar en la vida cotidiana: ubicaron las nuevas regulaciones migratorias como el principal cambio en la sociedad cubana actual entre todos los que se perciben están ocurriendo; la familia naturaliza la reunificación como posible, tanto fuera como dentro del país y como algo temporal; se sitúa la posibilidad de los viajes con el fin de trabajar fuera del país como estrategia de afrontamiento a los problemas; y emergen prácticas cotidianas de migración circular. Se destaca que es una política que favorece la percepción del gobierno; aunque se percibe desfavorable el impacto diferenciador en la sociedad, ya que solo beneficia a quienes pueden viajar porque tienen recursos o familiares emigrados. Se ha ubicado en dinámicas de cambio y continuidad el aún vigente condicionamiento político que históricamente marcó el proceso migratorio cubano, a partir de la Revolución y del bloqueo económico de Estados Unidos contra Cuba.

Curvas de desempenho de válvulas reguladoras de pressão novas e com diferentes tempos de utilização Performance curves of new and used pressure regulating valves

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Sílvio C. R. V. Lima

2003-08-01

Full Text Available O desempenho de uma válvula reguladora de pressão, fabricada pela Fabrimar, Modelo Exact-20-Ref. RP-3-20-3/4"FF, utilizada em pivô central, foi avaliado em laboratório, conforme as normas ISO (1993. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, ESALQ/USP, utilizando-se reguladores de pressão novos e com diferentes tempos de emprego no campo. As curvas de desempenho das válvulas novas satisfizeram as condições exigidas pela norma, caracterizando o regulador como do tipo A, para as velocidades de referência de 0,5 m s-1 (vazão de 0,57 m³ h-1 até 4,0 m s-1 (vazão de 4,50 m³ h-1 e várias pressões de entrada, sendo também elaborado um modelo estatístico para a pressão de saída do regulador novo, com uma vazão e uma pressão de entrada. Foram coletadas, de diversos sistemas tipo pivô central e de diferentes vãos, válvulas reguladoras de pressão do mesmo modelo, que possuíam tempos de uso de 2000, 2500, 6000, 8500, 9000 e 10000 h e, também, com diferentes qualidades de água utilizadas. Os ensaios seguiram os mesmos padrões dos novos, realizando-se uma análise estatística dos dados. Apesar dos desgastes provocados pela água de má qualidade e dos vazamentos apresentados, o desempenho hidráulico das válvulas com tempo de uso até 6000 h, não diferiu do desempenho das novas, para pressões de entrada até 826,3 kPa e velocidades de referência até 2,5 m s-1. O desempenho dos reguladores de pressão com tempos de uso iguais ou superiores a 8500 h, não se manteve semelhante ao do regulador novo, especialmente para pressões de entrada superiores a 481,7 kPa.The performance of a pressure regulator valve, manufactured by Fabrimar (Model Exact-20-Ref. RP-3-20-3/4"FF, for central pivot applications, was evaluated in the laboratory following the ISO 1993 norms. The tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Irrigation of the Department of Rural Engineering, ESALQ/USP. The

“No es fácil..., y aquí tampoco”. Trayectorias migratorias de mujeres cubanas en España

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Pujadas Muñoz, Joan Josep

2011-12-01

Full Text Available “It is not easy” is one of the most commonly used expressions by women and men in Cuba because it sums up the hard times that the Caribbean island is currently going through. In the new Cuban socioeconomic landscape, it is women who, to a great extent, are suffering the consequences of the economic crisis in their family and social lives, given that have to work for the productive system, generate networks of solidarity and, above all, act as important home keepers. By studying different migratory trajectory of Cuban women who live in Spain, we ask if the situation of family and social pressure linked to the reproductive ambit has become one of the factors causing Cuban women to emigrate, above all when, from a Cuban ideological perspective, they have been made aware of the possibilities open to them in the public domain.“No es fácil” es una de las expresiones más usadas por mujeres y hombres en Cuba, siendo esta la que mejor resume la dureza de los tiempos que corren en la isla caribeña. En el nuevo paisaje socioeconómico cubano, son las mujeres quienes están viviendo, en mayor medida, las consecuencias de la crisis económica en la vida familiar y social: aportando su trabajo al sistema productivo, generando redes de solidaridad y, sobre todo, como principales gestoras y proveedoras de los hogares. A través del análisis de diferentes trayectorias migratorias de mujeres cubanas que se encuentran en España, nos preguntamos si la situación de presión familiar y social vinculada al ámbito reproductivo se ha convertido en uno de los factores que las ha llevado a emigrar, sobre todo cuando, desde el planteamiento ideológico cubano, se les ha hecho conscientes de sus posibilidades en el espacio público.

Evaluación energética de los generadores de vapor F1-2 y BH-109 de una refinería Cubana de petróleo.

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Anliet Valles Cruz

2014-03-01

Full Text Available La refinería cubana produce muchos productos para el mercado cubano como los combustibles, aceites, asfaltos y Jet-A1. Los sistemas auxiliares como vapor, aire comprimido y agua se utilizan para la obtención de los productos derivados del petróleo. La generación de vapor es uno de los sistemas auxiliares más importantes dentro de la refinería. La caldera de vapor garantiza que el vapor tenga las condiciones de operación de acuerdo con las normas internacionales. En este trabajo, se realizó la evaluación energética de F1-2 y BH-109 de calderas que utilizan los balances de energía y de masas convencionales. Se obtuvo una eficiencia energética de 61,89 y 77,31 por ciento para F1-2 y BH-109, respectivamente. Las principales pérdidas se debieron al calor sensible de los gases de combustión y a la combustión no química. Para reducir estas pérdidas, mejorar el rendimiento de la caldera y disminuir la temperatura de los gases de salida, se recomienda montar el sistema de control de exceso de aire y volver a examinar o cambiar el sistema de inyección de aire.

UN ACERCAMIENTO, DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA CUBANA, A LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD Y SU CONTRIBUCCION AL DESARROLLO DE LA INVESTIGACION CIENTÍFICA.RETOS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ECUATORIANA

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Alina Martínez

2016-04-01

La consulta de bilbliografía especializada en idioma extranjero con el objetivo de resolver tareas específicas de la profesion y elevarse a la altura que exige el desarrollo científico-técnico ha devenido necesidad imperiosa para los graduados de la diferentes ramas del saber humano, especialmente para aquellos que realizan investigaciones con el propósito de dar solucion a los problemas más acuciantes del desarrollo económico y social. Por otra parte, el rol preponderante del inglés como lengua, por excelencia, para la comunicacion ciéntifica ha motivado que la enseñanza del inglés con fines específicos (IFE se haya convertido en una prioridad en las instituciones de educacion superior en muchos países incluida la Républica de Ecuador. El presente trabajp analiza, sobre la base de la experiencia de la Universidad cubana, las principales potencialidades de la enseñanza del inglés, en particular del IFE, para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas. Asimismo valora intena descubrir la concepción de la lengua extranjera en la educación superior de Ecuador y sus retos fundamentales.

Detección mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real del virus vacunal en cerdos inmunizados con la vacuna cubana contra la peste porcina clásica

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Tania Campos-Cuello

2016-08-01

Full Text Available La peste porcina clásica (PPC es una enfermedad viral infectocontagiosa, producida por un virus ARN del género Pestivirus, familia Flaviviridae. En la actualidad es una de las causas de pérdidas económicas en la industria porcina a nivel mundial. En su prevención se han utilizado vacunas vivas atenuadas, empleando la cepa China lapinizada. La Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Reverso Transcriptasa (RT-PCR ha sido uno de los métodos más sensibles aplicado en Medicina Veterinaria para la detección de virus ARN. En el caso del virus de la PPC es muy útil porque el ácido nucleico se puede detectar desde muy temprano en la infección y en periodos más largos en aquellos animales que se recuperan. El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar la técnica de RT-PCR en tiempo real para la detección de la cepa China lapinizada de la vacuna cubana contra la PPC. Las tonsilas de los cerdos vacunados fueron el órgano más positivo en la detección del ARN del virus vacunal. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una interferencia del virus vacunal en el diagnóstico, siendo el día 12 posvacunación en el que se obtiene una emisión umbral de fluorescencia más bajo.

Comportamiento morfoagronómico de variedades de morera (Morus alba L. durante el establecimiento Morphoagronomic performance of mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties during the establishment

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Gertrudis Pentón

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En áreas de la EEPF "Indio Hatuey" se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento morfoagronómico de cuatro variedades de morera (Morus alba L. (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana y Tigreada, durante la etapa de establecimiento de plantas trasplantadas. El material vegetativo (posturas fue aviverado durante 120 días. La dinámica de emergencia de las yemas fue significativamente superior en las variedades Indonesia, Tigreada y Cubana con respecto a la Criolla. La variedad Tigreada alcanzó la mayor tasa promedio de desarrollo de nuevas ramas (0,25 ramas/día, aunque sin diferencias significativas respecto a las restantes variedades. La longitud de las ramas tendió a ser superior en la var. Tigreada (0,89 cm promedio por día, seguida por las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla (0,77; 0,73 y 0,63 cm/día, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el grosor de las ramas fue mayor en las variedades Cubana y Criolla. La variedad Indonesia se caracterizó por un significativo crecimiento en altura y grosor de la base del tallo principal (154 cm y 14,6 mm respecto al resto de las variedades. Todo ello tuvo una repercusión marcada en la producción de hojas, en lo cual se destacó la variedad Tigreada; le siguieron, aunque con diferencias significativas entre ellas, las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla. Se concluye que Tigreada e Indonesia resultaron ser las variedades de mejor comportamiento morfoagronómico durante el establecimiento; la primera se caracterizó por un alto potencial de producción de hojas y la segunda por una notable capacidad de acumulación de tejido leñoso.A study was carried out in areas of the EEPF "Indio Hatuey" in order to evaluate the morphoagronomic performance of four mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana and Tigreada, during the establishment stage of transplanted plants. The vegetative material (seedlings was placed in a nursery for 120 days. The bud emergence dynamics was

¿Cuando estará Cuba “en su punto”? Entrevista a Milena Rodríguez Gutiérrez

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Milena Rodríguez Gutiérrez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Andrea Gremels entrevista a la Milena Rodríguez Gutiérrez, poeta cubana, crítica literaria y editora de la antología Otra Cuba secreta: antología de poetas cubanas del XIX y del XX (2011. Desde una perspectiva profesional y personal Rodríguez Gutiérrez, que vive en Granada, responde a las preguntas acerca de la diáspora cubana, del canon literario nacional y de las implicaciones del cambio para las escritoras y escritores dentro y fuera de la isla. Además, presenta a los lectores dos poemas suyos, ambos dedicados a Cuba: “Preguntas desde el otro lado de la cocina” y “Cuba”.

Validación de un ELISA para la cuantificación de las impurezas proteicas de la cepa hospedera en el principio activo de la vacuna recombinante cubana contra la hepatitis B

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Eliana Pérez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Se validó un inmunoensayo tipo sandwich de doble anticuerpo para cuantificar las impurezas proteicas de la cepa hospedera que pueden estar presentes en el principio activo de la vacuna cubana contra la hepatitis B. Se prepararon los reactivos biológicos empleados en el ELISA. Las proteínas de la cepa hospedera se obtuvieron bajo las mismas condiciones que el proceso de producción de la proteína recombinante hasta un paso de semipurificación o purificación primaria. Los antisueros dirigidos contra las proteínas de la cepa hospedera se generaron en conejos por un proceso de inmunización en cascada. Para la validación se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: linealidad, límite de detección y cuantificación, exactitud, rango y precisión. El ensayo establecido resultó específico, con una exactitud entre 89% y 109% para todos los tampones estudiados; se demostró un ajuste parabólico y un rango de trabajo entre 0,63 y 1,25 ng/mL, la repetibilidad y la precisión intermedia mostraron coeficientes de variación inferiores al 10 y 20% respectivamente.

Armonización de estándares de calidad para ensayos clínicos. Norma ISO 9001-Guía de Buena Práctica Clínica

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Sandra Álvarez Guerra

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El proceso de ensayo clínico necesario para autorizar el uso de nuevos medicamentos en humanos es extenso y complejo. Para garantizar la calidad y estandarizar este proceso, la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización ha establecido la Guía E6 para la Buena Práctica Clínica, la cual ha sido asumida y adaptada por las agencias reguladoras nacionales para estandarizar este proceso en sus países. Otra norma que permite garantizar calidad es la ISO 9001:2008, que establece requisitos para implementar Sistema de Gestión de Calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en establecer elementos comunes que demuestren la armonización entre la Buena Práctica Clínica de la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización, la Buena Práctica Clínica cubana y la ISO 9001:2008 para su implementación en sistemas de calidad para los ensayos clínicos. Para ello se realizó el estudio de estos estándares analizando qué tienen en común en su aplicación para el proceso de ensayo clínico. Se determinó que el cliente, los proveedores, el enfoque de proceso, la documentación, la dirección, las revisiones, la forma de realización de la investigación y la mejora de la calidad son puntos comunes para los cuales se establecen requisitos a cumplir. Esto permitió afirmar que los estándares estudiados al ser usados de conjunto en el proceso de ensayo clínico, contribuyen a elevar la calidad, pues no existe ningún aspecto contemplado en ellos que refleje contradicción sino aspectos comunes que permiten su armonización y uso.

Inmigración y población en Canadá: una relación de dependencia. La emigración cubana como caso de estudio

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Ivis Gutiérrez Guerra

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se propone analizar la importancia que tiene para un país receptor tradicional de emigrantes, como es el caso de Canadá, el componente de la inmigración dentro de su dinámica poblacional. El análisis de las cifras arrojadas por el censo realizado en este país, en el año 2011, evidencia que el crecimiento poblacional canadiense, así como el mantenimiento de los niveles necesarios de población económicamente activa para la reproducción de su economía, dependen, en gran medida, de la entrada constante de nuevos inmigrantes. Es por esto que la política canadiense que regula la entrada de nuevos residentes permanentes presenta particularidades muy interesantes, en cuanto a la forma de gestión de los flujos migratorios, en función de sus necesidades de desarrollo. La utilización como caso de estudio de la emigración cubana permite ilustrar, a través de un país concreto, cómo la regulación migratoria de la mencionada nación norteña incide de manera importante en las características socio-demográficas de un colectivo inmigrante específico, así como cuáles son las consecuencias, no solo desde el punto de vista poblacional, sino desde la perspectiva de la pérdida de potencial humano que estos movimientos pueden acarrear para los países emisores tradicionales, como es el caso de Cuba.

A renúncia de Fidel Castro: continuidade na sucessão presidencial

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Isabele Villwock Bachtold

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Cuba atualmente vive uma nova fase, pautada na possível reforma do sistema socialista em vigor no país desde a Revolução Cubana de 1959. Este artigo busca analisar as implicações que a recente renúncia de Fidel Castro à presidência cubana acarretará para a ilha e para o cenário internacional como um todo.

Aplicaciones de los métodos de optimización en el diseño de Sistemas Híbridos Eólico – Fotovoltáicos para las condiciones tropicales cubanas. // Optimization methods application of hybrid eolic- photovoltaic systems in tropical conditions.

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M. Menéndez González

2002-09-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se plantea la aplicación y optimización de métodos en el diseño de sistemas híbridos eólico-fotovoltáicos loscuales se fundamentan en una programación lineal, para esto es analizada una instalación energética y la demandaenergética constante en una localidad cubana, a partir de datos de viento y radiación solar.Palabras claves: Energía renovable, sistemas híbridos, sistemas autónomos, recursos renovables, costos deenergía, contaminación ambiental._____________________________________________________________________Abstract.The objective of this paper is the application of optimization methods in the design of hybrid eolic- photovoltaic systemswhose base is the lineal programming, for it is analyzed it an energy installation that has a constant demand and that it islocated in a place of Cuba, in which the data of wind and solar radiation are known.Key words: Renewable energy, hybrid systems, autonomous systems, renewable resources, energy costs,environmental contamination.

Determinación de esteroles en la fracción insaponificable del aceite de los frutos de la palma real cubana (Roystonea regia

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David Marrero Delange

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: los esteroles han sido ampliamente estudiados por su importancia nutricional y farmacéutica. Sin embargo, para nuestro conocimiento, la composición de esteroles del aceite de los frutos de la palma real cubana (Roystonea regia no ha sido determinada hasta el momento. Objetivos: determinar la composición de esteroles que pudieran estar presentes en la fracción insaponificable del aceite de R. regia mediante CG-EM. Métodos: muestras de dos lotes de aceite de R. regia fueron sometidas al procedimiento para la determinación de esteroles establecido por el del Instituto de Nutracéuticos de los EE.UU., el cual consiste, fundamentalmente, en una saponificación con disolución de KOH/EtOH y posterior extracción con n-hexano de las fracciones insaponificables. Las fracciones obtenidas fueron analizadas por CG-EM como derivados TMS e identificadas por comparación de sus espectros con los de patrones comerciales y los de la base de espectros Wiley. Para la cuantificación se utilizó el colestano como patrón interno. Resultados: en la fracción insaponificable del aceite de R. regia se encontró un contenido total de esteroles de 66,1%; lo que representa un 0,14 % del aceite. La fracción de esteroles, estuvo compuesta principalmente por â -sitosterol (51,2 %, estigmasterol (9,6 %, campesterol (9,2 %, 24-metilen-cicloartanol (9,2 %, Ä5-avenasterol (8,9 %, cicloartanol (7,5 %; además de otros componentes minoritarios como cicloartenol, ã-sitosterol y colesterol. Conclusiones: se identificaron y se cuantificaron mediante CG-EM los esteroles de la fracción insaponificable del aceite de R. regia, en la cual el â-sitosterol resultó el componente mayoritario. Estos resultados son una contribución al estudio de la composición química de dicho aceite y pudieran avalar su posible utilidad nutricional y seguridad.

The theory of the regulatory bodies and the CSN; La teoria de las entidades reguladoras y el CSN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gamir Casares, L.

2011-07-01

In this article the vice president of the Nuclear Safety Council and professor of Economics and Politics, Luis Gamir, analyses the theoretical nature of the role played by regulatory organisations in democratic societies and the keys of their credibility, with special reference to the Council and the Strategic Plan recently approved for the period 2011-2016. (Author)

Origen y composición genética de la población cubana Origin and genetic composition of the Cuban population

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Catalino R Ustáriz García

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Se hace una revisión a partir de la aparición del Homo sapiens en el continente africano y el comienzo de las migraciones hacia diferentes regiones geográficas, que condujeron después a la llegada del hombre primitivo a América y su desplazamiento a través de América del Norte hasta llegar a Sudamérica, y desde aquí a las islas del Caribe. Se comenta cómo influyó la llegada de los españoles sobre las poblaciones indígenas caribeñas y su contribución a la introducción de negros provenientes de las colonias africanas en esta región del mundo. Se analizan diversos trabajos científicos realizados fundamentalmente en Cuba, que demuestran, mediante diferentes marcadores bioquímicos y moleculares, la gran mezcla étnica de la población cubana, constituida sobre todo por blancos caucasoides, negros africanos y mulatos resultantes de la mezcla de ambas poblaciones y, en menor proporción y sin significación evidente, de otras poblaciones como son la china y la indoamericana.A literature review was made on the emergence of Homo sapiens in the African continent and the beginning of migration towards different geographic regions; this led to the arrival of the primitive man to the America and his movement through the North America to South America, and from this place to the Caribbean Islands. The impact of the arrival of Spaniards on the Caribbean native populations and their contribution to the introduction of Black people from the Arican colonies located in this region of the world were also commented on. Likewise, several scientific works mainly carried out in Cuba were analyzed, since they prove the great ethnic admixture of the Cuban population basically made up of Caucasians, African blacks and mulattos; being the latter the result of the mixture of the first two population groups and to a lesser extent of other populations like Chinese and IndoAmerican, but without evident significance.

Insects of the Sacarabaeidae family associated with guava (Psidium guajava L. in Ceballos, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba

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Ioan Alberto Rodríguez Sanatana

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Was performed a diagnosis to identify the species of the Scarabaeidae family present in guava cultivation, to determine the distribution and ecological indices of abundance and relative frequency of species associated with the cultivation. The sampling was carried out by light traps, in 35 fields of guava, in five Basic Units of Production and a small property, all belonging to the Ceballos Agroindustrial Enterprise, between May 2013 and June 2015. It was determined that the species of the Scarabaeidae family associated with the cultivation, were Cyclocephala cubana Chap., Phyllophaga patruelis Chev., Phyllophaga puberula Duval, Phyllophaga pilositarsis Blackwelder, Anomala calceata Chev., Strategus sarpedon Burm., Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius and Dyscinetus picipes Burm. The most abundant species were C. cubana 60% (very abundant and A. calceata Chev. with 10 % (abundant. The species C. cubana, P. patruelis, P. puberula, P. pilositarsis, A. calceata and S. sarpedon, were very frequent, while D. gazella and D. picipes were frequent in guava cultivation.

Experiencias y desafíos actuales para el Programa Regulador de Equipos Médicos en Cuba

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Dulce María Martínez Pereira

Full Text Available RESUMEN La actividad reguladora relacionada con los equipos médicos en Cuba se ejerce mediante un sistema basado en el Programa Regulador de Equipos Médicos para garantizar la seguridad, eficacia y efectividad de estas tecnologías que se utilizan en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Este programa comenzó a desarrollarse en 1992 con la aprobación del Reglamento para la Evaluación Estatal y el Registro de los Equipos Médicos. Las etapas por las que ha transitado y la fusión de las actividades reguladoras de medicamentos y equipos médicos han significado un avance a estrategias más sólidas, transparentes y de control hacia la industria y el Sistema Nacional de Salud. El programa cubano ha encontrado en su avance tanto desafíos como dificultades que ha enfrentado basado en su experiencia. En el nuevo período, los mayores retos se concentran en que los sistemas regulatorios incluyan la evaluación científica, los niveles de riesgos, el máximo rigor mediante la utilización de las normas técnicas y la implementación de recomendaciones internacionales, junto a la aplicación del esquema de certificación según ISO 13485, el perfeccionamiento del seguimiento en el mercado y la clasificación de los equipos médicos por su incidencia en el contexto de las políticas de salud establecidas en el país. Desde el punto de vista regional, el mayor reto está en trabajar hacia una convergencia reguladora. El Centro Colaborador para la Reglamentación de las Tecnologías de Salud apoyará la proyección estratégica reguladora y de las prioridades regionales establecidas, considerando el desarrollo de las acciones referidas a equipos médicos.

Iniciativas de convergência regulatória em saúde nas Américas: histórico, evolução e novos desafios

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Ana Paula Jucá Silva

Full Text Available RESUMO O presente artigo descreve a transformação das relações entre autoridades reguladoras de saúde em diversos foros internacionais, com especial enfoque na situação das Américas. Como outros setores, a saúde passou a enfrentar a necessidade de regular práticas internacionais, levando em conta, simultaneamente, as realidades distintas de cada país. A convergência regulatória – movimento de alinhamento técnico para possibilitar a aplicação de requisitos regulatórios locais que levem em consideração princípios e padrões reconhecidos internacionalmente para promover um único objetivo sanitário – surgiu para oferecer auxílio na resolução desse desafio. Fóruns que já utilizam essa ferramenta, principalmente a Conferência Internacional de Autoridades Reguladoras de Medicamentos (ICDRA, a Rede Pan-Americana para a Harmonização da Regulamentação Farmacêutica (Rede PARF, o Programa Internacional para Autoridades Reguladoras de Genéricos (IGDRP e o Foro Internacional de Reguladores de Produtos Médicos (IMDRF, entre outros, trabalham atualmente para reunir conhecimentos, dados e especialistas de diferentes países a fim de construir uma referência internacional técnica e científica que possa ser utilizada pelos reguladores para embasarem a sua tomada de decisão. Dessa forma, seria assegurada a convergência entre regulações nacionais, ainda que cada regulador optasse por adequar a referência internacional às necessidades, estruturas e capacidades locais. As mais recentes resoluções por parte da Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhecem a necessidade de aproximar os sistemas regulatórios das realidades dos sistemas nacionais de saúde e enfatizam as vantagens de usar as diretrizes já existentes em cada país como insumo para a cooperação entre autoridades reguladoras.

Acogida de los solicitantes de asilo con discapacidad en Europa

OpenAIRE

Beduschi-Ortiz, Ana

2010-01-01

Con respecto a la acogida de los solicitantes de asilo en la Unión Europea, podemos encontrar disposiciones para la protección de las personas con discapacidad en una amplia gama de fuentes reguladoras.

O STF e a construção institucional das autoridades reguladoras do financeiro: um estudo de caso das ADIns The Brazilian Supreme Court and the institutional design of the public authorities of the National Financial System: an ADIns' empirical study

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Camila Duran-Ferreira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende avaliar a atuação da corte constitucional brasileira, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, como verdadeiro ator no desenho institucional das autoridades reguladoras do sistema financeiro nacional, o Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN e o Banco Central do Brasil (BCB. Sua interação com os poderes políticos, por meio do julgamento de Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIns, ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, forneceu balizas jurídicas para a construção dessas autoridades. Esta pesquisa, que parte de uma análise qualitativa das decisões do Tribunal como estudo de caso, mapeou os temas e atores interessados na regulação do sistema financeiro e na estrutura dessas entidades, assim como procurou demonstrar como a atuação da corte reforçou a competência normativa desses órgãos. Ao final, este artigo delineia parâmetros para eventual edição de futura legislação, que vise regular o sistema financeiro, revogando a Lei 4594 de 1964, e conceder eventual autonomia ao Banco Central do Brasil.The purpose of this study is to analyse the manner the Brazilian Supreme Court's (Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF decisions have influenced the institutional design of the national monetary council and the Brazilian Central Bank. During the last 20 years, STF provided limits to the power of these public authorities, by judging Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADIns. This research is based on empirical study that intends to identify the actors and the issues submitted to the court and how its decision enforced their power of regulating the financial system. As a result, it is possible to perceive directions to enact the law that intends to regulate the financial system and eventually to attribute the independence to the Brazilian Central Bank.

Poderes y paradojas en una (sub-cultura emergente. Observaciones acerca del movimiento de hip hop en La Habana

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Isabel Exner

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Desde principios de los años noventa, inicio de la crisis y las transformaciones de la sociedad cubana, en la fisonomía de la cuidad de La Habana se hace presente un nuevo tipo de jóvenes y de cultura juvenil: los raperos cubanos se mueven en una esfera de traducción y encuentro con fenómenos culturales globales, cuya recepción en Cuba es sólo reciente. El movimiento vivo y creciente del hip hop articula su compromiso con las circunstancias cambiadas de su contexto cultural, social y económico, mediante diversas manifestaciones estéticas y representaciones de variada medialidad. Su afán de entender e interpretar los procesos de la realidad que los rodea lleva a los raperos a establecer relaciones múltiples con diferentes campos de la sociedad y cultura cubanas de hoy. En su estética alternativa se refleja –a pesar de los esfuerzos cooptativos por parte de las instancias de política cultural– la creciente diversificación de la sociedad cubana.

Digitizing dissent: cyborg politics and fluid networks in contemporary Cuban activism

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Samuel Kellogg

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Communication technologies shape how political activist networks are produced and maintain themselves. In Cuba, despite ideologically and physically oppressive practices by the state, a severe lack of Internet access, and extensive government surveillance, a small network of bloggers and cyberactivists has achieved international visibility and recognition for its critiques of the Cuban government. This qualitative study examines the blogger collective known as Voces Cubanas in Havana, Cuba in 2012, advancing a new approach to the study of transnational activism and the role of technology in the construction of political narrative. Voces Cubanas is analyzed as a network of connections between human and non-human actors that produces and sustains powerful political alliances. Voces Cubanas and its allies work collectively to co-produce contentious political discourses, confronting the dominant ideologies and knowledges produced by the Cuban state. Transnational alliances, the act of translation, and a host of unexpected and improvised technologies play central roles in the production of these narratives, indicating new breed of cyborg sociopolitical action reliant upon fluid and flexible networks and the act of writing. 

Conocimientos sobre el maltrato infantil en los escenarios asistenciales de la brigada médica cubana en Oruro, Bolivia Knowledge of child abuse in the health care settings of the Cuban Medical Brigade in Oruro, Bolivia

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Ivette Iglesias Pescoso

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el maltrato infantil ha sido históricamente un problema social que ha afectado sobre todo, a los países en vías de desarrollo. Este se ha convertido en un fenómeno alarmante, con raíces socioculturales y psicológicas que aparecen en cualquier nivel económico, social y educativo. Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos que sobre maltrato infantil tienen los padres o tutores que acuden a las consultas de pediatría de la brigada médica cubana en Oruro. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal, donde se aplicó un cuestionario validado por expertos a 185 padres o tutores de niños atendidos en la(s consulta(s de Pediatría de la brigada médica cubana, en el Departamento de Oruro, Bolivia, durante el periodo de marzo a mayo del año 2008. Resultados: no existe una adecuada información acerca del maltrato infantil y la televisión fue la vía principal de adquisición. El tipo de maltrato más identificado lo constituyó el poco afecto y cariño y como causa fundamental los problemas económicos. El criterio de identificación más predominante fue el niño con moretones y la conducta más difundida fue avisar a la policía. Solo un reducido número de las personas alegaron haber recibido algún tipo de capacitación con respecto al tema. Conclusiones: los conocimientos que tienen los padres o tutores sobre los temas relacionados con el maltrato infantil son escasos, así como la capacitación de los mismos, lo cual ofrece pautas para trazar estrategias de salud en el trabajo comunitario.Background: child abuse has historically been considered a social problem that has mainly affected the developing countries. It has become an alarming phenomenon having sociocultural and psychological roots at any levels such as economic, social and educative ones. Objective: to identify the knowledge that parents or tutors that present to the paediatric consultations of the Cuban Medical Brigade in Oruro have

(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae fed with Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae

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Robério de Oliveira

2016-02-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the development and reproduction of Ceraeochrysa cubana when fed the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – Areia/PB. It used a completely randomized design. The study was conducted in climate chambers, regulated to 26 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 70 ± 10% with a 12 h photoperiod. The treatments were as follows: eggs, nymphs of only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th instars, and nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of A. woglumi, with eggs of Sitotroga cerealella as a control. The 1st instar of C. cubana lasted 5.8 to 10.7 days, the 2nd instar lasted 6.0 to 13.3 days, and the 3rd instar lasted 8.2 to 18.5 days. The larvae of C. cubana did not survive when the food provided was only the eggs of A. woglumi, since the predator could not eat them. C. cubana, when provided nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of the citrus blackfly, had a shorter pre-pupal period and lower longevity than when consuming the eggs of S. cerealella, but the sex ratio and oviposition period were not affected. However, changes occurred in the pre-oviposition period, the total number of eggs, and the number of viable eggs.

Editorial

OpenAIRE

Gonzalo González Rey

2015-01-01

Con la publicación de este número, Revista Cubana de Ingeniería cierra su sexto año de vida, con la satisfacción de haber logrado, en muy buena medida, su propósito sustentador: divulgar aportes novedosos del trabajo científi co, innovador y académico en los amplios temas de la ingeniería moderna, con un particular destaque de resultados de los profesionales y académicos cubanos.Revista Cubana de Ingeniería tuvo sus inicios como una extensión y continuación de anteriores publicaciones inscrit...

Editorial

OpenAIRE

Gonzalo González Rey

2014-01-01

Revista Cubana de Ingeniería inició hace cuatro años su publicación con el objetivo de constituir un marco de referencia de la investigación científica y académica, en el campo de la ingeniería, sobre la base de un proyecto orientado a desarrollar un espacio apropiado de alcance internacional, que permitiera a la comunidad académica y profesional divulgar las mejores experiencias y resultados en las múltiples disciplinas de la ingeniería. En este sentido, Revista Cubana de Ingeniería nació co...

Nuclear law - Nuclear safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pontier, Jean-Marie; Roux, Emmanuel; Leger, Marc; Deguergue, Maryse; Vallar, Christian; Pissaloux, Jean-Luc; Bernie-Boissard, Catherine; Thireau, Veronique; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Spencer, Mary; Zhang, Li; Park, Kyun Sung; Artus, J.C.

2012-01-01

This book contains the contributions presented during a one-day seminar. The authors propose a framework for a legal approach to nuclear safety, a discussion of the 2009/71/EURATOM directive which establishes a European framework for nuclear safety in nuclear installations, a comment on nuclear safety and environmental governance, a discussion of the relationship between citizenship and nuclear, some thoughts about the Nuclear Safety Authority, an overview of the situation regarding the safety in nuclear waste burying, a comment on the Nome law with respect to electricity price and nuclear safety, a comment on the legal consequences of the Fukushima accident on nuclear safety in the Japanese law, a presentation of the USA nuclear regulation, an overview of nuclear safety in China, and a discussion of nuclear safety in the medical sector

Estudio del polimorfismo de debrisoquina en una muestra de la población cubana Study of debrisoquine polymorphism in a sample of the Cuban population.

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Mayra Álvarez Corredera

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Las diferencias en la capacidad con que cada individuo metaboliza una droga por una vía determinada tiene relevancia clínica para medicamentos de amplio uso, de estrecho margen de seguridad, si esa es la principal vía en la eliminación de la droga, o si el número de alternativas terapéuticas es limitada; por tanto, la información farmacogenética es esencial en la terapéutica individualizada y contribuye a un uso racional de medicamentos. Como el citocromo P4502D6 (CYP2D6 cataliza más del 65 % de los fármacos comúnmente empleados en la práctica habitual, se propusó identificar la presencia de diferentes fenotipos metabolizadores del CYP2D6 en una muestra de 104 sujetos de la población cubana. Se determinó la razón metabólica entre las concentraciones urinarias de debrisoquina y su metabolito 4OH-debrisoquina, cuantificados mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Se encontró que el 3,84 % de los individuos estudiados son metabolizadores lentos.The differences in the capacity with which every individual metabolises a drug by a specific route has a clinical relevance for widely used drugs of a narrow safety range if that is the main route in the elimination of the drug, or if the number of therapeutic alternatives is limited; therefore, the pharmacogenetic information is essential in the personalized therapeutics and it contributes to a rational use of drugs. As the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6 catalyzes more than 65% of the commonly used drugs, the aim of this paper was to identify different CYP2D6 metabolising phenotypes in a sample of 104 subjects of the Cuban population by determining the metabolic ratio between urinary concentrations of debrisoquine and its metabolite 4OH-debrisoquine, quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. We found that 3.84% of the individuals studied were slow metabolisers.

Criterios para la evaluación de las actividades de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en la industria farmacéutica cubana

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Rafael Diego León Rodríguez

2000-08-01

Full Text Available Uno de los problemas más complejos en todos los países que realizan actividades de ciencias e innovación tecnológica, es organizar la evaluación de la investigación científica, la cual enfrenta un cúmulo de problemas complejos y muy decisivos por naturaleza. Se hace imprescindible contar con elementos capaces de evaluar esta actividad, tanto desde el punto de vista de su efectividad o eficiencia como de sus posibles usos, con el objetivo de buscar una racionalidad de los recursos de acuerdo con los intereses del desarrollo. Se propone realizar este trabajo en la Industria Farmacéutica cubana a partir de la evaluación del desempeño de la Organización de Investigación como entidad fundamental, en nuestro caso, el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM. Se discuten los modelos de evaluación, se hace hincapié en el entorno socio-económico de la organización, y se considera que el modelo de toma de decisión y el de goal-free son los más efectivos para este tipo de trabajo.One of the most complex problems in all those countries that carry out acitivities in the field of sciences and technoclogical innovation is to organize the evaluation of scientific research, where a series of complex and very decisive problems due to their nature are faced. It is indispensable to have elements capable of evaluating this activity from the point of view of their efficiency and of their possible utlization in order to achieve a rational use of the resources according to the interests of development. It is proposed to carry out this work in the Cuban Pharmaceutical Industry starting from the evaluation of the performance of the Research Organization as a fundamental entity, in our case, the Drug Research and Development Center (CIDEM in Spanish. The evaluation models are discussed, making emphasis on the socioeconomic context of the organization. The decision-making and the goal-free models were considered as the most effective

Valoraciones sobre estudios éticos publicados en la Revista Cubana de Enfermería desde el 2004 al 2007 Valuations about ethical studies published in the Cuban Magazine of Nursery from 2004 to 2007

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Mayra Betty Lino Luis

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Fueron analizados quince artículos que publicó la Revista Cubana de Enfermería en direrentes números en el período que va del 2004 al 2007. El estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo permitió identificar que el tratamiento de categorías que pertenecen a la Historia, a la Filosofía, a la Epistemología, a la Sociología y a la Etica de la Enfermería no aparece relacionado con el campo de los estudios sociales sobre la ciencia y la tecnología en salud. La mayor dificultad que se ha detectado en la mayoría de los artículos es la tendencia de pensar y de aplicar la Bioética sin detenerse en las peculiaridades históricas y sociopolíticas de esta propuesta de normatividad.They were analyzed fifteen articles that were published by the Cuban Magazine of Nursery in different numbers in the period going from 2004 to 2007. The descriptive and retrospective study allowed identifying that the treatment of categories that belong to the History, to the Philosophy, to the Epistemology, to the Sociology and the Ethics of Nursery doesn't appear related with the field of the social studies on the science and the technology in health. The biggest difficulty that it has been detected in most of the articles is the tendency of thinking and of applying the Bio-ethics without stopping in the historical and sociopolitical peculiarities of normatively proposal.

Regulation, circulation and distribution of penicillin in Portugal (1944-1954).

Science.gov (United States)

Bell, Victoria; Rui Pita, João; Pereira, Ana Leonor

Portugal did not participate in World War II but was one of the first countries in the world to receive penicillin for civilian use. The Portuguese Red Cross began to import the antibiotic from the United States of America in 1944 and appointed a controlling committee to oversee its distribution, due to the small amount available. In 1945, as world production increased, penicillin began to be distributed through the normal channels. An important role in its regulation was played by the official department responsible for controlling pharmaceutical and chemical products in Portugal, the Comissão Reguladora dos Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos (Regulatory Committee for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products). Penicillin was imported as a raw material from 1947 and the first medicaments containing penicillin, prepared in Portugal, were released into the commercial circuit in 1948. A laboratory had been established in 1942 by the Comissão Reguladora for the analytical verification of medicaments and medicinal products with the aim of certifying their quality and minimizing the number of products with no attested therapeutic efficacy. The number of medicaments analysed by this laboratory increased substantially from 72 in the year of its foundation (1942) to 2478 in 1954, including, after 1948, medicaments containing penicillin. The aim of the present paper was to elucidate the role of the Comissão Reguladora dos Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos in regulating and controlling the distribution of penicillin in Portugal during the 1940s and 1950s.

O rastro do dragão em quatro narradores cubanos The trail of the dragon in four cuban writers

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Rogelio Rodríguez Coronel

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Seguindo o rastro da cultura chinesa na cultura e literatura cubanas, este trabalho revela-se como um espaço para a discussão de um tema pouco tratado pela crítica, a presença chinesa na constituição da literatura cubana. O "rastro do dragão" é acompanhado desde o século XVII até a contemporaneidade, passando pela obra de autores como Severo Sarduy, Ramón Meza, José Martí e José Lezama Lima, máximos expoentes da modernidade nas letras em Cuba.Siguiendo las huellas de la cultura china en la cultura y la literatura cubanas, este trabajo se revela como un espacio para la discusión de un tema escasamente tratado por la crítica, la presencia china en la constitución de la literatura cubana. La "huella del dragón" es seguida en este estudio, desde el siglo XVII hasta la contemporaneidad, pasando por la obra de autores como Severo Sarduy, Ramón Meza, José Martí e José Lezama Lima, máximos exponentes de la modernidad de las letras en Cuba.Following the trail of Chinese culture in Cuban culture and literature, the paper discusses the Chinese presence in Cuban literature, a subject seldom covered by literary criticism, "The Trail of the...Dragon" is traced in this study from the XVII Century to the present, covering the work of such writers as Severo Sarduy, Ramón Meza, José Martí and José Lezama Lima, outstanding exponents of modernism in Cuban letters.

El discurso desincretizador y womanista de Georgina Herrera: hacia una descolonización de la espiritualidad de la mujer negra cubana=Georgina Herrera’s Womanist and unsyncretic discourse: Toward a Spiritual Decolonization of the Afro-Cuban Woman

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Ana Zapata-Calle

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen El propósito de este artículo es usar la poesía de Georgina Herrera para deconstruir la tradición de la santería que considera la religión yoruba como una ramificación del catolicismo y no como una religión universal. Georgina Herrera refleja en sus poemarios África (2006 y Gatos y liebres o libro de las conciliaciones (2010 el nuevo discurso afro-cubano que apuesta por una heterogeneidad religiosa que emerge en Cuba a finales de los años ochenta. Además, la poeta aboga en su poesía por el derecho del liderazgo religioso de la mujer afro-cubana, recuperando las practicas yorubas ortodoxas y el papel activo de las mujeres en sus rituales. Abstract The purpose of this article is to use Georgina Herrera’s poetry in order to deconstruct the tradition of santería that considers the Yoruba religion under the wing of Catholicism and not as a universal religion. Georgina Herrera reflects in her books of poems África (2006 and Gatos y liebres o libro de las conciliaciones (2010 the new Afro-Cuban discourse of religious heterogeneity that emerged in Cuba at the end of the eighties. Furthermore, the poet advocates for the right to leadership of Afro-Cuban women recovering the orthodox Yoruba practices and the active role of women in their rituals.

Validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición para cuantificar polisacárido Vi en la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax-TyVi

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Esther María Fajardo

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Se describe la validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición, reportado por primera vez en la literatura científica para cuantificar un antígeno vacunal: el polisacárido Vi de Salmonella Typhi, para ser empleado en el control de la calidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax- TyViâ. El ensayo consta de seis pasos: 1 Recubrimiento de placa de reacción con poli-L-lisina y posteriormente polisacárido Vi; 2 Bloqueo con leche descremada; 3 Inhibición o neutralización en tubos de suero anti-Vi de conejo, respectivamente, con polisacárido Vi de Curva de Calibración (concentraciones desde 1–32 μg/mL, control positivo y muestras de vacuna (3 diluciones; 4 Neutralización de anticuerpos anti-Vi libres, presentes en las mezclas anteriores, por el Polisacárido de Recubrimiento; 5 Reconocimiento de anticuerpos anti-Vi unidos a la placa (conjugado anti-IgG de conejo-fosfatasa alcalina y 6 Revelado por reacción enzima-sustrato. Los parámetros de validación estudiados y sus resultados fueron: 1 Precisión, expresada como coeficiente de variación a tres niveles de concentración de polisacárido, comprendidos en el rango de su especificación (35, 50 y 70 μg/mL y evaluada en términos de repetibilidad; precisión intraensayos (cuatro analistas y reproducibilidad (seis analistas: £ 20%; 2 Linealidad (100*R2: 99,68 %; 3 Límite de detección: 0,5 μg/mL; 4 Exactitud (recuperación para las tres diluciones de la muestra: entre 100 y 118%, y 5 Robustez: no influye 1,5 h de bloqueo (p = 0,52 ni ± 5 min para leer placa (p = 0,56; influye grandemente la calidad del agua (p = 0,026, a favor del agua para inyección. El ensayo es adecuado para los fines propuestos y es una medida de la inmunogenicidad in vitro del polisacárido Vi.

CARACTERIZACION DE LA PROTEINA QUINASA CK2 EN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Y SU PAPEL EN LA RESPUESTA DE DEFENSA A ESTRES OXIDATIVO.

OpenAIRE

SALINAS SALVO, PAULA ANDREA; SALINAS SALVO, PAULA ANDREA

2006-01-01

CK2 es una proteína quinasa heterotetramérica compuesta de dos subunidades catalíticas a y dos subunidades reguladoras P. CK2 es esencial, esta presente en todos los organismos eucariontes y regula una gran cantidad de procesos celulares como por ejemplo 180p.

Infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres cubanas en edad reproductiva Infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in Cuban women at reproductive age

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Maydelín Frontela Noda

2006-08-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres cubanas en edad reproductiva. Se realizó un estudio transversal en mujeres que asistieron a consultas de ginecología, infertilidad y terminación del embarazo en Ciudad de La Habana. Se obtuvieron muestras de exudado endocervical de 224 mujeres, mediante la técnica de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Adicionalmente se aplicó un cuestionario sobre algunos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de conducta sexual. Los datos se analizaron con el uso de los métodos de Chi cuadrado y razón de ventajas. La frecuencia total de la infección fue de 6,9. Hubo 6 asociaciones significativas: edad menor de 25 años (14,5, que fuera soltera (13,4; no refiriera síntomas de infección ginecológica (14,0; no tuviera antecedentes de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (10,1 ni de infecciones de transmisión sexual (12,3 y que hubiera tenido más de una pareja sexual en los últimos 3 meses. Se concluye que estos resultados demuestran que la infección se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres adolescentes y adultas jóvenes, solteras, asintomáticas y con conductas sexuales de riesgo.The aim of this article was to determine the frequency and factors associated with the infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis at reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women that visited the offices of gynecology, infertility and full pregnancy, in Havana City. Endocervical smear samples from 224 women were obtained and processed by polymerase chain reaction. A questionnaire was applied on some sociodemographic, clinical and sexual behavior aspects. Data were analyzed by the Chi square test and odds ratio. The total frequency of infection was 6.9. Six significant associations were found: age under 25 (14.5, being single (13.4, referring no symptoms of gynecological infection (14.0, having no

De patrias y muertes ya vencidas. Las mujeres y la revolución de los cubanos

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Marlene Duprey

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Through the feminist debate proposed by constructivist theoretical currents, this essay suggests that the pronouncements of Cuban women who developed a critical reflection of the deplorable social conditions in Cuba before the 1959 socialist revolution, are similar to the criticisms that some women’s organizations are elaborating at the present time. This article shows that after 45 years of the Cuban Revolution, the social precarity of many women can be seen as a counter argument within Cuban society. The research for this article is based on the reading of primary sources such as the journal “Mujeres Cubanas”, speeches of Vilma Espín, and Ofelia Acosta in addition to memoires, speeches and other documents collected by Dra. Lynn Stoner. These documents are found in the Centro de Investigaciones Históricas at the Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras.//A partir del debate feminista abierto por las corrientes teóricas de corte construccionista, este ensayo propone que los discursos de mujeres cubanas que elaboraron una crítica a las deplorables condiciones sociales de Cuban antes de la revolución socialista del 1959 son similares a la crítica que ciertos sectores de mujeres elaboran actualmente. Señalamos que, a poco más de cuarenta y cinco años de la Revolución cubana, la precariedad social de muchas mujeres puede ser un referente para un contradiscurso dentro de la sociedad cubana. La investigación se centra en una lectura de fuentes de primera mano como la revista Mujeres cubanas, conferencia de Vilma Espín, Ofelia Acosta, y memorias, entre otros discursos y documentos recopilados por la doctora Lynn Stoner. Dicha colección Stoner se encuentra en el Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras.

Respuesta de anticuerpos inducidos por la vacuna antimeningocócica cubana VA-MENGOC-BC® frente a la cepa de Neisseria meningitidis B:4:P1.19,15 en adolescentes después de 12 años de inmunizados

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María A. Camaraza

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la respuesta de anticuerpos inducida por la vacuna antimeningocócica cubana VA-MENGOC-BC® contra la cepa de Neisseria meningitidis B:4:P1.19,15 mediante el Ensayo Bactericida del Suero (EBS y ELISA de tipo indirecto, para medir anticuerpos contra vesículas de membrana externa (VME de N. meningitidis B a 184 adolescentes de un politécnico de Ciego de Ávila que fueron inmunizados en campañas masivas 12 años antes. Se realizaron extracciones de sangre antes de aplicar la primera dosis (T0, 4 semanas después de ésta (T1 y 4 semanas después de la segunda dosis (T2. Transcurridos 12 años de esta vacunación el 42% de los adolescentes presentó títulos bactericidas ≥ 1:4 frente a la cepa homóloga (B:4:P1.19,15 y el 98% mostró anticuerpos detectables contra las VME. En el EBS; el porcentaje de seroconversión T1/T0 fue del 57% y T2/T0 del 60%. Mediante ELISA la seroconversión fue del 59% y 54%, respectivamente, por lo que se demostró que la aplicación de una sola dosis después de 12 años indujo una respuesta inmune importante que puede sugerir una respuesta anamnésica.

Nuclear energy and the nuclear industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

These notes have been prepared by the Department of Energy to provide information and to answer questions often raised about nuclear energy and the nuclear industry and in the hope that they will contribute to the public debate about the future of nuclear energy in the UK. The subject is dealt with under the headings; contribution of nuclear power, energy forecasts, nuclear fuels and reactor types, cost, thermal reactor strategy, planning margin, safety, nuclear licensing, unlike an atomic bomb, radiation, waste disposal, transport of nuclear materials, emergency arrangements at nuclear sites, siting of nuclear stations, security of nuclear installations, world nuclear programmes, international regulation and non-proliferation, IAEA safeguards arrangements in the UK, INFCE, and uranium supplies. (U.K.)

Orquesta “Estrellas del Feeling”. Su historia

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Yeysenin Ramos Fedeé

2013-11-01

Full Text Available La música es, la manifestación artística cubana más difundida en el mundo. Desde principios del siglo XX, la música cubana se expandió fuera de los limites de la Isla, y desde entonces han tenido similar éxito la mayoría de los ritmos que han surgido, estableciendo pautas incluso a nivel internacional. Esta influyó en la personalidad del cubano y desarrolló el proceso evolutivo con más rapidez y fortaleza.La presente investigación científica es un acercamiento a la historia musical del municipio Colombia, el surgimiento de la Orquesta Estrellas del Feeling, agrupación con un carácter estable, la cual durante más de 30 años cultivó la música tradicional cubana en el territorio abarcando una gran variedad de géneros musicales con profesionalidad y creatividad.Se emplearon métodos y técnicas, apoyados en la complementariedad metodológica. Estas herramientas metodológicas permitieron que las informaciones obtenidas contribuyeran a conocer los aspectos esenciales de la situación y más tarde corroborar la idea a defender de la indagación.

Desigualdad y racismo. Demografía y sociedad en Cuba a fines de la época colonial

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Tornero, Pablo

1998-04-01

Full Text Available The author discusses the demographic structure and nature of Cuban society in the late 19th-century on the basis of the census of 1899. He argues that the strongly marked social differentiation in Cuba at the time, the duality in its social order of whites v. blacks, was grounded in the prevailing economic structure of the island and ultimately in the plantation economy. This situation conditioned the integration of the black population in Cuba's civil society in the first years of the new republic.

Estudio de la estructura demográfica y caracterización de la sociedad cubana de finales del siglo XIX, a partir del censo de 1899. En él se trata de demostrar que la fuerte desigualdad social de la sociedad cubana de fines de la época colonial, la dualidad de su entramado social, blancos y negros, es consecuencia de la estructura económica de la isla que tenía su base en la plantación. Este proceso condicionó la integración de la población de color en la sociedad civil cubana, en los primeros años de la república.

Fresa y chocolate: lo religioso en la construcción de la identidad en Cuba

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Anabella Aurora Castro Avelleyra

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Tras el triunfo de la Revolución cubana en 1959 no se concedió a la religión un espacio social significativo. La imposición del “ateísmo científico” en los setenta incrementó los prejuicios y la discriminación sobre las prácticas religiosas. La irrupción de la crisis conocida como Período especial en tiempos de paz en 1990 propició tanto desde el discurso oficial como desde el quehacer cultural la aceptación de la religiosidad y su comprensión como parte constitutiva de la identidad cubana. El propósito del artículo es relevar los orígenes transculturales de la identidad y la religiosidad cubanas, hipotetizar sobre los cambios acaecidos en la definición de la cubanidad a partir de la crisis y el lugar ocupado por la religión en ese proceso, y analizar los mecanismos de construcción de la cubanidad en el film Fresa y chocolate (Tomás Gutiérrez Alea y Juan Carlos Tabío, 1993 a partir de la inclusión de elementos religiosos.

El desarrollo de la psicología en Cuba en la obra del Dr. Alfonso Bernal del Riesgo

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Isabel Louro Bernal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Los hitos relevantes en el desarrollo de la Psicología en Cuba se vinculan a la obra del psicólogo cubano Dr. Alfonso Bernal del Riesgo. Método. Construcción de una cronología basada en la investigación histórica, la revisión documental y las entrevistas. Resultados. Se establecieron tres períodos: 1 Bases teóricas de la Psicología General y la Cívica, donde aborda el concepto de cubanosofìa, la comprensión psicológica y socio cultural de la identidad cubana; 2 El desarrollo de la Psicología como asignatura en la Universidad de la Habana y como carrera universitaria independiente de la Filosofía, así como la fundación de la Sociedad Cubana de Psicología y la Revista Cubana de Psicología como su órgano científico; 3 La Psicología como ciencia vinculada a diferentes ámbitos de actuación profesional. El estudio de la obra de Bernal del Riesgo permite comprender procesos en el desarrollo histórico de la Psicología en Cuba.

Invisible nuclear; converting nuclear

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Jongmoon

1993-03-01

This book consists of 14 chapters which are CNN era and big science, from East and West to North and South, illusory nuclear strategy, UN and nuclear arms reduction, management of armaments, advent of petroleum period, the track of nuclear power generation, view of energy, internationalization of environment, the war over water in the Middle East, influence of radiation and an isotope technology transfer and transfer armament into civilian industry, the end of nuclear period and the nuclear Nonproliferation, national scientific and technological power and political organ and executive organ.

Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stamenov, J.

2004-01-01

The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is the leading Bulgarian Institute for scientific investigations and applications of nuclear science. The main Institute's activities in the field of elementary particles and nuclear physics, high energy physics and nuclear energy, radiochemistry, radioecology, radioactive wastes treatment, monitoring of the environment, nuclear instruments development ect. are briefly described. Several examples for: environmental radiation monitoring; monitoring of the radioactivity and heavy metals in aerosols, 99m Tc clinical use, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy application of IRT-2000 Research Reactor, neutron fluence for reactor vessel embrittlement, NPP safety analysis, nuclear fuel modelling are also presented

Nuclear power and nuclear weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaughen, V.C.A.

1983-01-01

The proliferation of nuclear weapons and the expanded use of nuclear energy for the production of electricity and other peaceful uses are compared. The difference in technologies associated with nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants are described

Nuclear safety. Seguranca nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aveline, A [Rio Grande do Sul Univ., Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica

1981-01-01

What is nuclear safety Is there any technical way to reduce risks Is it possible to put them at reasonable levels Are there competitiveness and economic reliability to employ the nuclear energy by means of safety technics Looking for answers to these questions the author describes the sources of potential risks to nuclear reactors and tries to apply the answers to the Brazilian Nuclear Programme. (author).

Nuclear safety culture and nuclear safety supervision

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chai Jianshe

2013-01-01

In this paper, the author reviews systematically and summarizes up the development process and stage characteristics of nuclear safety culture, analysis the connotation and characteristics of nuclear safety culture, sums up the achievements of our country's nuclear safety supervision, dissects the challenges and problems of nuclear safety supervision. This thesis focused on the relationship between nuclear safety culture and nuclear safety supervision, they are essential differences, but there is a close relationship. Nuclear safety supervision needs to introduce some concepts of nuclear safety culture, lays emphasis on humanistic care and improves its level and efficiency. Nuclear safety supervision authorities must strengthen nuclear safety culture training, conduct the development of nuclear safety culture, make sure that nuclear safety culture can play significant roles. (author)

Nuclear energy and nuclear weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robertson, J.A.L.

1983-06-01

We all want to prevent the use of nuclear weapons. The issue before us is how best to achieve this objective; more specifically, whether the peaceful applications of nuclear energy help or hinder, and to what extent. Many of us in the nuclear industry are working on these applications from a conviction that without peaceful nuclear energy the risk of nuclear war would be appreciably greater. Others, however, hold the opposite view. In discussing the subject, a necessary step in allaying fears is understanding some facts, and indeed facing up to some unpalatable facts. When the facts are assessed, and a balance struck, the conclusion is that peaceful nuclear energy is much more part of the solution to preventing nuclear war than it is part of the problem

Nuclear reaction data and nuclear reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paver, N [University of Trieste (Italy); Herman, M [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Gandini, A [ENEA, Rome (Italy)

2001-12-15

These two volumes contain the lecture notes of the workshop 'Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors: Physics, Design and Safety', which was held at the Abdus Salam ICTP in the Spring of 2000. The workshop consisted of five weeks of lecture courses followed by practical computer exercises on nuclear data treatment and design of nuclear power systems. The spectrum of topics is wide enough to timely cover the state-of-the-art and the perspectives of this broad field. The first two weeks were devoted to nuclear reaction models and nuclear data evaluation. Nuclear data processing for applications to reactor calculations was the subject of the third week. On the last two weeks reactor physics and on-going projects in nuclear power generation, waste disposal and safety were presented.

Means for the regulation of renewable energies; Instrumentos de regulacion para renovables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peraza, Alejandro [Comision Reguladora de Energia, Mexico (Mexico)

2007-06-15

It is basically described in this presentation, those means used by the Comision Reguladora de Energia (CRE) in order to control the distribution of the available renewable energies, as well as to show the modifications done to its contracts. Besides, there are described the most relevant information about the CRE's law. There are mentioned some of the changes done to some clauses of different contracts, among the contracts found here there can be: contract for the interconnection of renewable energies, contract for the interconnection for a small source of solar energy. [Spanish] En esta presentacion se describen primordialmente los instrumentos que la Comision Reguladora de Energia (CRE) utiliza con el fin de reglamentar la distribucion de las diversas energias renovables disponibles, asi como mostrar las modificaciones que se han realizado en sus contratos. Ademas, se describen los principales aspectos de la Ley de la CRE. Asimismo, se mencionan algunas de las modificaciones que se les ha hecho a diversos contratos: Contrato de interconexion de renovables, contrato de interconexion para fuente de energia solar en pequena escala.

Nuclear astrophysics: An application of nuclear physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fueloep, Z.

2005-01-01

Nuclear astrophysics, a fruitful combination of nuclear physics and astrophysics can be viewed as a special application of nuclear physics where the study of nuclei and their reactions are motivated by astrophysical problems. Nuclear astrophysics is also a good example for the state of the art interdisciplinary research. The origin of elements studied by geologists is explored by astrophysicists using nuclear reaction rates provided by the nuclear physics community. Due to the high interest in the field two recent Nuclear Physics Divisional Conferences of the European Physical Society were devoted to nuclear astrophysics and a new conference series entitled 'Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics' has been established. Selected problems of nuclear astrophysics will be presented emphasizing the interplay between nuclear physics and astrophysics. As an example the role of 14 N(p,r) 15 O reaction rate in the determination of the age of globular clusters will be discussed in details

Interrelationship between nuclear safety, safeguards and nuclear security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irie, Kazutomo

2007-01-01

As preventive activities against danger within nuclear systems, three major areas exist; nuclear safety, safeguards and nuclear security. Considering the purpose of these activities, to prevent non-peaceful use is common in nuclear security in general and safeguards. At the same time, measures against sabotage, one of the subcategory in nuclear security, is similar to nuclear safety in aiming at preventing nuclear accidents. When taking into account the insider issues in nuclear security, the distinction between measures against sabotage and nuclear safety becomes ambiguous. Similarly, the distinction between measures against theft, another subcategory in nuclear security, and safeguards also becomes vague. These distinctions are influenced by psychological conditions of members in nuclear systems. Members who have the intention to make nuclear systems dangerous to human society shall be the 'enemy' to nuclear systems and thus be the target for nuclear security. (author)

Nuclear blackmail and nuclear balance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Betts, R.K.

1987-01-01

This book raises pointed questions about nuclear saber rattling. More than a dozen cases since the bombing of Hiroshima and Magasaki in which some sort of nuclear threat was used as a sparring technique in tense confrontations are cited. Each incident is described and analyzed. Two theories offered to explain America's use of nuclear threats, the balance of interest theory and the balance of power theory, are contrasted throughout the book. This book helps to fill the gap in the understanding of nuclear weapons and their uses, while pointing out that nuclear bravado could lead to an unintended unleashing of these weapons

Respaldo de la reglamentación farmacéutica cubana para la intercambiabilidad terapéutica de los medicamentos genéricos

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Celeste Aurora Sánchez González

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una caracterización de la Reglamentación Farmacéutica Cubana durante los últimos 24 años, a partir del enfoque internacional sobre los requerimientos de respaldo para la intercambiabilidad terapéutica de los medicamentos genéricos o de múltiples fuentes. Se relacionaron las normativas emitidas sobre prácticas adecuadas de fabricación y control de calidad para medicamentos y para las inspecciones como vía para implementar su cumplimiento; del registro de medicamentos como instrumento sanitario del control de la comercialización en el que son evaluadas las características del producto farmacéutico en función del cumplimiento de los estándares vigentes para demostrar su calidad, seguridad y eficacia. Fueron identificadas las regulaciones a cumplimentar para la rotulación e información de los medicamentos y en particular los lineamientos para la demostración de intercambiabilidad terapéutica y bioequivalencia, en su condición de guías específicas para los genéricos. Fueron incluidos los niveles institucionales de las autoridades de salud nacionales de los instrumentos legales para las directrices y las acciones reglamentarias que amparan de forma general la equivalencia y sustitución clínica de los productos farmacéuticos multiorigen. Se concluyó el satisfactorio nivel normativo alcanzado y se mostró una figura con el resumen cuantitativo de eventos reguladores en el tiempo que evidencian la plataforma de aseguramiento para la intercambiabilidad terapéutica de los genéricos en nuestro país.A characterization of the Cuban Pharmaceutical Regulation during the last 24 years was made, starting from the international approach on the supporting requirements for the theapeutical interchangeability of generic drugs or of multiple sources. The standards established on the adequate manufacturing practices and quality control for drugs and for inspections as a way to check their fulfillment, on the registry of drugs

Advanced nuclear reactor and nuclear fusion power generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-04-01

This book comprised of two issues. The first one is a advanced nuclear reactor which describes nuclear fuel cycle and advanced nuclear reactor like liquid-metal reactor, advanced converter, HTR and extra advanced nuclear reactors. The second one is nuclear fusion for generation energy, which explains practical conditions for nuclear fusion, principle of multiple magnetic field, current situation of research on nuclear fusion, conception for nuclear fusion reactor and economics on nuclear fusion reactor.

La cause des femmes cubaines (1900-1950

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Dominique Gay-Sylvestre

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Historia de las organizaciones femeninas que han marcado la primera mitad del siglo XX en Cuba y que han transformado las mentalidades. Aparición de las grandes figuras femeninas cubanas y su lucha por la elaboración de un estatuto jurídico, político y económico que favoreciera a sus colegas y por la obtención del derecho al voto para todas las cubanas. La promulgación de la constitución de 1940, atalaya de las ideas progresistas, representa un momento crucial y decisivo que da inicio a las sucesivas transformaciones. En 1946, el nacimiento de la Federación Democrática de las Mujeres Cubanas supone una verdadera ruptura con los movimientos anteriores. This article analyses the history of the women’s organisations that have marked the first half of the twentieth century in Cuba and have transformed people’s mindset. The major figures of Cuban women struggle to get an economic, political and legal statute favouring their co-sisters and to extend voting rights to all Cuban women. The promulgation of the 1940 Constitution, a beacon of progressive ideas, represents a crucial turning point that paves the way for later changes. In 1946, the creation of the Democratic Federation of Cuban Women was a major breakthrough if compared to previous movements.

Nuclear orientation and nuclear structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krane, K.S.

1988-01-01

The present generation of on-line nuclear orientation facilities promises to revolutionize the gathering of nuclear structure information, especially for the hitherto poorly known and understood nuclei far from stability. Following a brief review of the technological developments that have facilitated these experiments, the nuclear spectroscopic information that can be obtained is summarized. Applications to understanding nuclear structure are reviewed, and challenges for future studies are discussed. (orig.)

Nuclear experts and nuclear weapons proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, H.

1979-01-01

In Germany the issue of nuclear weapons proliferation has attracted scant attention. Most potential nuclear weapon states are important trade partners of the FRG and, since further proliferation of nuclear weapons could worsen conflicts involving these, it should be in the FRG's interest to limit proliferation. The security of the FRG is also dependent on the common interest of the great powers to avoid nuclear war. The contradictory positions of Usa and the USSR on nuclear weapons policy regarding themselves and non-nuclear weapon states encourages less developed countries to see nuclear weaponry as useful. The NPT and IAEA safeguards have only limited inhibiting effect. The nuclear export policy of the FRG has been dominated by short term economic advantage, neglecting the negative long term effects of decreased political stability. The FRG should formulate a policy based on self-restraint, positive stimuli and extension of controls, using its economic strength to deter proliferation. (JIW)

World Nuclear Association position statement: Safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saint-Pierre, Sylvain

2006-01-01

This WNA Position Statement summarises the worldwide nuclear industry's record, progress and plans in safely managing nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel. The global industry's safe waste management practices cover the entire nuclear fuel-cycle, from the mining of uranium to the long-term disposal of end products from nuclear power reactors. The Statement's aim is to provide, in clear and accurate terms, the nuclear industry's 'story' on a crucially important subject often clouded by misinformation. Inevitably, each country and each company employs a management strategy appropriate to a specific national and technical context. This Position Statement reflects a confident industry consensus that a common dedication to sound practices throughout the nuclear industry worldwide is continuing to enhance an already robust global record of safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel. This text focuses solely on modern civil programmes of nuclear-electricity generation. It does not deal with the substantial quantities of waste from military or early civil nuclear programmes. These wastes fall into the category of 'legacy activities' and are generally accepted as a responsibility of national governments. The clean-up of wastes resulting from 'legacy activities' should not be confused with the limited volume of end products that are routinely produced and safely managed by today's nuclear energy industry. On the significant subject of 'Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities', which is integral to modern civil nuclear power programmes, the WNA will offer a separate Position Statement covering the industry's safe management of nuclear waste in this context. The paper's conclusion is that the safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel is a widespread, well-demonstrated reality. This strong safety record reflects a high degree of nuclear industry expertise and of industry responsibility toward the well-being of current and future generations. Accumulating

Nuclear Law: A Key Against Nuclear Terrorism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cardozo, P.

2004-01-01

The role of the legal instruments in the war against nuclear terrorism. Control of radioactive sources. Elements of Nuclear Law: Definition: it is the body of special legislation that regulates the pacific uses of nuclear energy and the conduct of the persons engaged in activities related to fissionable materials and ionizing radiation . Objective: to provide a legal framework in order to protect individuals , property and the environment against the harmful effects of the use of nuclear energy and ionising radiation. Principles of nuclear energy legislation: safety principle, exclusively operator responsibility, authorization, independence of the regulatory body, inspections and enforcement, nuclear damage compensation, international cooperation. National regulatory infrastructure. Establishment of special law in Emergency Preparedness for nuclear or radiological disaster. IAEA Conventions. Transportation of nuclear material. IAEA regulations on radioactive material. Compensation for nuclear damage. Nuclear safety, security and terrorism. International and domestic instruments. Anti terrorism acts. International agreements on Safety Cooperation. (Author)

The role of nuclear law in nuclear safety after Fukushima; El rol del derecho nuclear en seguridad nuclear luego de Fukushima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cardozo, Diva E. Puig, E-mail: d.puig@adinet.com.uy [International Nuclear Law Association (INLA), Montevideo (Uruguay)

2013-07-01

The paper contains the following topics: nuclear law, origin and evolution, role of the legal instruments on nuclear safety, nuclear safety the impact of major nuclear accidents: Chernobyl and Fukushima. The response of the nuclear law post Fukushima. Safety and security. International framework for nuclear safety: nuclear convention joint convention on safety on spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management. The Fukushima World Conference on Nuclear Safety. Convention on Prompt Notification and Assistance in case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. Plan of Action for Nuclear Safety. IAEA recommendations for the safety transport of radioactive material. International framework for nuclear security. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials. International Convention for the Suppression of Acts Against Nuclear Terrorism. Resolution No. 1540 of the Security Council of United Nations (2004). Measures to strengthen international safety. Code of conduct on the safety research reactor.

The Arabidopsis Nuclear Pore and Nuclear Envelope

OpenAIRE

Meier, Iris; Brkljacic, Jelena

2010-01-01

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure that separates the eukaryotic cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. The nuclear pores embedded in the nuclear envelope are the sole gateways for macromolecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The nuclear pore complexes assembled at the nuclear pores are large protein conglomerates composed of multiple units of about 30 different nucleoporins. Proteins and RNAs traffic through the nuclear pore complexes, enabled by the interacting activities...

The IAEA Nuclear Security Programme Combating Nuclear Terrorism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

Discusses the four threats of nuclear terrorism,which are theft of a nuclear weapon, theft of material to make an improvised nuclear explosive device,theft of other radioactive material for an Radiological dispersal device and sabotage of a facility or transport. The IAEA Nuclear Security programme combating Nuclear Terrorism therefore adopts a comprehensive approach. The programme addresses the need to cover nuclear and other radioactive materials, nuclear facilities and transports, non-nuclear, medical and industrial applications of sources

Nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-07-01

The IAEA is organizing a major conference on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle, which is to be held from 2 to 13 May 1977 in Salzburg, Austria. The programme for the conference was published in the preceding issue of the IAEA Bulletin (Vol.18, No. 3/4). Topics to be covered at the conference include: world energy supply and demand, supply of nuclear fuel and fuel cycle services, radioactivity management (including transport), nuclear safety, public acceptance of nuclear power, safeguarding of nuclear materials, and nuclear power prospects in developing countries. The articles in the section that follows are intended to serve as an introduction to the topics to be discussed at the Salzburg Conference. They deal with the demand for uranium and nuclear fuel cycle services, uranium supplies, a computer simulation of regional fuel cycle centres, nuclear safety codes, management of radioactive wastes, and a pioneering research project on factors that determine public attitudes toward nuclear power. It is planned to present additional background articles, including a review of the world nuclear fuel reprocessing situation and developments in the uranium enrichment industry, in future issues of the Bulletin. (author)

Report of “the 2013 international forum on peaceful use of nuclear energy, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. Ensuring nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security of nuclear fuel cycle options in consideration of the accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station”

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamura, Tsukasa; Suda, Kazunori; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Suzuki, Mitsutoshi; Kuno, Yusuke; Mochiji, Toshiro

2014-03-01

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) held “International Forum on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security – Ensuring Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options in consideration of the Accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station –” on 3 and 4 December 2013, with the Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) and School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, as co-hosts. In the Forum, officials from Japan, the United States, France and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) explained their efforts regarding peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation. Discussion was made in two panels, entitled “Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security measures of nuclear fuel cycle options in consideration of the Accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station” and “Roles of safeguards and technical measures for ensuring nuclear non-proliferation for nuclear fuel cycle options”. In the first panel based on the implications of the Accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on the domestic and global nuclear energy use and increased interest in the back end of nuclear fuel cycle, discussion was made on nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security challenges on both fuel cycle options from the policy and institutional viewpoints whereas in the second panel the roles of safeguards and proliferation resistant nuclear technology including plutonium burning technology in ensuring nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security in the back end of nuclear fuel cycle were discussed. Officials and experts from Japan, IAEA, the United States, France and Republic of Korea participated in the panel and made contributions to active discussion. This report includes abstracts of keynote speeches, summaries of two panel discussions and materials of the presentations in the forum. The editors take full responsibility for the wording

El modelo cubano en la guerrilla guatemalteca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lino Martínez-Rebollar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A partir del enfoque de la integración conceptual propuesto por Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner se mostró la importancia del modelo de la Revolución cubana en el primer ciclo revolucionario guatemalteco, que va de 1956 a 1967. Se analizaron los testimonios de los combatientes y un comunicado estatal que muestran la influencia de la Revolución cubana en el surgimiento de tres organizaciones guerrilleras en Guatemala: el Movimiento Revolucionario 13 de Noviembre (MR-13, el Movimiento Revolucionario 20 de Octubre o guerrilla de Concuá y las Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR. Se demuestra la influencia que tuvo la Revolución comandada por Fidel Castro tanto en la violencia revolucionaria como en el uso estatal de la fuerza en el país centroamericano.

The nuclear arsenals and nuclear disarmament.

Science.gov (United States)

Barnaby, F

1998-01-01

Current world stockpiles of nuclear weapons and the status of treaties for nuclear disarmament and the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons are summarised. The need for including stockpiles of civil plutonium in a programme for ending production and disposing of fissile materials is emphasized, and the ultimate difficulty of disposing of the last few nuclear weapons discussed.

Nuclear power generation and nuclear non-proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rathjens, G.

1979-01-01

The main points existing between nuclear energy development and nuclear non-proliferation policy are reviewed. The solar energy and other energy will replace for nuclear fission energy in the twenty first century, but it may not occur in the first half, and the structure has to be established to continue the development of nuclear fission technology, including breeder reactor technology. In the near future, it should be encouraged to use advanced thermal reactors if they are economic and operated with safety. Miserable results may be created in the worldwide scale, if a serious accident occurs anywhere or nuclear power reactors are utilized for military object. It is estimated to be possible to develop the ability of manufacturing nuclear weapons within two or three years in the countries where the industry is highly developed so as to generate nuclear power. It is also difficult to take measures so that nuclear power generation does not increase nuclear proliferation problems, and it is necessary to mitigate the motive and to establish the international organization. Concensus exists that as the minimum security action, the storage and transportation of materials, which can be directly utilized for nuclear weapons, should be decided by the international system. The most portions of sensitive nuclear fuel cycle should be put under the international management, as far as possible. This problem is discussed in INFCE. Related to the nuclear nonproliferation, the difference of policy in fuel cycle problems between USA and the other countries, the enrichment of nuclear fuel material, especially the reasons to inhibit the construction of additional enrichment facilities, nuclear fuel reprocessing problems, radioactive waste disposal, plutonium stock and plutonium recycle problems are reviewed. (Nakai, Y.)

Protein and lipid deposition rates in growing pigs following a period ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Animal and Poultry Science

Experimental evidence indicates that animals which are fatter than their desired level, show a reduction in .... composition and respective protein and lipid growth rates, an individual pig was the experimental unit. The ..... Cubana Ciencia Agric.

Nuclear re-think [The case for nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moore, P.

2006-01-01

In the early 1970s, Patrick Moore, a co-founder of Greenpeace, believed that nuclear energy was synonymous with nuclear holocaust. Thirty years on, his views have changed because nuclear energy is the only non-greenhouse-gas-emitting power source that can effectively replace fossil fuels while satisfying the world's increasing demand for energy. Today, 441 nuclear plants operating globally avoid the release of nearly 3 billion tonnes of CO 2 emissions annually-the equivalent of the exhaust from more than 428 million cars. Concerns associated with nuclear energy are discussed including costs of nuclear energy, safety of nuclear plants, radioactive waste management, vulnerability of nuclear plants to terrorist attacks and diversion of nuclear fuel for weaponization. It is concluded that nuclear energy is the best way to produce safe, clean, reliable baseload electricity, and will play a key role in achieving global energy security. With climate change at the top of the international agenda, we must all do our part to encourage a nuclear energy renaissance

Nuclear war nuclear proliferation and their consequences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aga Khan, Sadruddin

1986-01-01

The paper concerns the proceedings of a conference hosted by the Groupe de Bellerive to explore and discuss the implications for humanity of nuclear war, nuclear proliferation and their consequences, Geneva 1985. The conference was divided into five sessions, headed by the subject titles: the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) and its future, the spread of nuclear weapons among nations, global effects of a nuclear war, the nuclear arms race and arms control, the NPT and its future. Twenty eight papers were presented in the five sessions. (UK)

Nuclear Inter Jura '91: nuclear law and nuclear energy for the future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

The 1991 congress of the International Nuclear Law Association took as its subject Nuclear Law and Nuclear Energy for the future. As well as individual reports, there were four sessions each covering the report of one or more working groups. The first session investigated licensing and decommissioning, while the second focussed on insurance and liability. The third session was devoted to nuclear supply and commerce at an international level. Finally radiological protection and nuclear waste management was discussed in the fourth session. (UK)

Nuclear energy - some aspects; Energia nuclear - alguns aspectos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandeira, Fausto de Paula Menezes

2005-05-15

This work presents a brief history of research and development concerning to nuclear technology worldwide and in Brazil, also information about radiations and radioactive elements as well; the nuclear technology applications; nuclear reactor types and functioning of thermonuclear power plants; the number of existing nuclear power plants; the nuclear hazards occurred; the national fiscalization of nuclear sector; the Brazilian legislation in effect and the propositions under proceduring at House of Representatives related to the nuclear energy.

Clandestine nuclear trade and the threat of nuclear terrorism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spector, L.S.

1987-01-01

The nuclear netherworld may ultimately contribute to the danger of nuclear terrorism in at least three ways. First, as national governments exploit this underground market and nuclear weapons spread to additional states, the possibility that terrorists will gain access to them will grow. Such weapons in nuclear threshold countries are likely to be more vulnerable to terrorist seizure than they are in today's more advanced nuclear weapons states. Second, terrorist groups might seek to exploit the nuclear gray market themselves, using the same subterfuges that national governments use. Although in today's nuclear netherworld, subnational groups cannot obtain nuclear arms or nuclear weapons material and cannot hope to build the complex installations needed to produce the latter, they might be able to engage in a form of barter with sympathetic emerging nuclear states (for example, offering raw materials or needed nuclear hardware in return for nuclear weapons material. Finally, there is always the risk that nuclear arms or nuclear weapon materials will someday become available on the nuclear black market. There is evidence indicating that terrorist organizations might well be interested in acquiring such items. Understanding underground nuclear commerce in its current form is essential to prevent such future dangers

Eventos de tiempo severo inducidos por el ENSO en la temporada invernal cubana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1998-01-01

Full Text Available ÉVÉNEMENTS MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES SÉVÈRES INDUITS PAR LES ENSO AU COURS DE LA PÉRIODE HIVERNALE À CUBA. La période hivernale à Cuba correspond généralement à la période sèche, au cours de laquelle, à l’inverse de ce qui se passe en été, on n’enregistre généralement pas de séquence pluviométrique sévère. Cependant, l’influence de l’ENSO peut activer des systèmes météorologiques de manière anormale pour des latitudes aussi basses. Il se produit alors relativement souvent des séquences météorologiques sévères de 24 à 48 heures de durée, avec l’avancée de lignes de grains, des pluies intenses, des tornades, de la grêle et des inondations dans les zones côtières. Ceci provoque des morts et de gros dégâts. Les climatologues reconnaissent l’ENSO comme la cause la plus importante de variabilité climatique inter-annuelle de la planète. Ils en décrivent et en prédisent les effets, comme les anomalies de précipitations ou de températures. Cependant on ne peut évaluer de manière plus précise ces conséquences qu’en étudiant les systèmes synoptiques induits par l’ENSO, qui sont responsables de ces excès. Cette étape est indispensable pour la mise en place d’un système d’alerte avancé requis par la Défense Civile. On montre, dans cet article, le rôle joué par le jet-stream subtropical, dans la formation de ces événements climatologiques sévères. Ainsi, l’étude des périodes hivernales affectées par un ENSO depuis 1957-58 jusqu’à 1996-97 a permis d’établir des situations types des niveaux de surface et supérieurs de l’atmosphère, associés à des événements sévères induits par l’ENSO. On présente aussi des exemples des conséquences des principaux événements. A l’aide de ces situations types, on a pu élaborer un système d’alerte avancée mis à la disposition de la Défense Civile et permettant d’effectuer des prévisions à 7 et à 10 jours. La temporada invernal cubana

The threat of nuclear terrorism: Nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maerli, Morten Bremer

2001-01-01

Full text: Conventional weaponry and tactics are likely to remain the primary terrorist means for a definitive majority of sub-national groups. No non-state actors have ever deployed or used a nuclear device. However, recent developments in international terrorism may point in the direction of future terrorist uses of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear devices. Some terrorist groups with a high international profile have showed disturbing interests in acquiring nuclear weapon capabilities. As the 'terrorist nuclear weapon standards' are likely to be lower than the strict requirements for traditional state nuclear weapons, technical barriers should not be considered sufficient to avoid future nuclear terrorist violence. Preventing any extremist group from achieving their goals of large-scale nuclear killing is likely best done by preventing the access to fissile materials through state compliances to rigorous standards of Material Protection, Control and Accountability (MPC and A). (author)

Chinese nuclear insurance and Chinese nuclear insurance pool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gong Zhiqi

2000-01-01

Chinese Nuclear Insurance Started with Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, PICC issued the insurance policy. Nuclear insurance cooperation between Chinese and international pool's organizations was set up in 1989. In 1996, the Chinese Nuclear Insurance Pool was prepared. The Chinese Nuclear Insurance Pool was approved by The Chinese Insurance Regulatory Committee in May of 1999. The principal aim is to centralize maximum the insurance capacity for nuclear insurance from local individual insurers and to strengthen the reinsurance relations with international insurance pools so as to provide the high quality insurance service for Chinese nuclear industry. The Member Company of Chinese Nuclear Pool and its roles are introduced in this article

Nuclear generation cost and nuclear research development fund

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, S. S.; Song, G. D.

2000-01-01

The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of nuclear R and D fund to nuclear generation cost and to assess the adaptability of fund size through the comparison with the nuclear research fund in Japan. It was estimated that nuclear R and D fund increased the average annual unit cost of nuclear power generation by 1.14 won/kWh. When the size of nuclear R and D fund is compared with that in Japan, this study suggests that the current nuclear R and D fund should be largely increased taking into consideration the ratio of R and D fund to nuclear generation

Impacto de la promoción y la educación para la salud en los logros de la salud pública cubana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Piñón Vega

2001-02-01

Full Text Available El Centro Nacional de Promoción y Educación para la Salud es el órgano responsable de establecer las normas, procedimientos y metodología general para el cumplimiento de los objetivos educativos de los diferentes programas del sistema de salud cubano. Con el propósito de continuar el perfeccionamiento de este componente y su evaluación, se propone la realización de un estudio inicial de base que tendrá un seguimiento periódico mediante la técnica cualitativa de entrevistas a profundidad a expertos, conocedores de la evolución de diversos programas y campañas emprendidos por el Ministerio de Salud Pública, así como también a representantes de las organizaciones de masas y de organismos del Estado. Como complemento de este estudio, se diseñó una encuesta sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la población mayor de 20 años, para lo cual se precisó un muestreo estratificado polietápico, con 3 estratos: zona occidental, zona central y zona oriental del territorio nacional. Con igual propósito se incorporaron los resultados de la encuesta nacional de factores de riesgo realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología. Los resultados del estudio permitirán enriquecer e impulsar las acciones intersectoriales, la participación comunitaria y la formación de recursos humanos partiendo de los requerimientos que los objetivos de los programas de salud exigen. Todo ello contribuirá a mejorar el modo de vida de la sociedad cubanaThe National Center of Health Promotion and Education is the body in charge of establishing the norms, procedures and general methodology for the fulfillment of the educative objectives of the different programs of the Cuban health system. In order to continue the improvement of this component and its evaluation, it is proposed to conduct a initial base study that will have a periodical follow-up by the qualitative technique of interviews to experts who know the evolution

11-th International conference Nuclear power safety and nuclear education - 2009. Abstracts. Part 1. Session: Safety of nuclear technology; Innovative nuclear systems and fuel cycle; Nuclear knowledge management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-01-01

The book includes abstracts of the 11-th International conference Nuclear power safety and nuclear education - 2009 (29 Sep - 2 Oct, 2009, Obninsk). Problems of safety of nuclear technology are discussed, innovative nuclear systems and fuel cycles are treated. Abstracts on professional education for nuclear power and industry are presented. Nuclear knowledge management are discussed

Valoración del riesgo en salud en un grupo de población de Cali, Colombia, por exposición a plomo, cadmio, mercurio, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético y diuron, asociada al consumo de agua potable y alimentos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ghisliane Echeverry

2015-08-01

Conclusiones. Se cree que los hallazgos sobre contaminantes en estudios anteriores, pueden deberse a eventos puntuales de contaminación y se recomienda vigilar la bocatoma de agua y emitir alertas tempranas. El reporte sobre la presencia de cadmio en las muestras de pescado, sugiere que el control de la calidad de los alimentos por parte de las entidades reguladoras debe mejorar.

Nuclear 101, a course on the nuclear sector for workers in the nuclear sector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Donev, J.M.K.C., E-mail: jason.donev@ucalgary.ca [Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB (Canada); Boreham, D.; Day, S., E-mail: boreham@mcmaster.ca, E-mail: dayse@mcmaster.ca [McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada); Dranga, R.; Krasznai, J.; Matthews, R.; Whitlock, J. [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

2014-07-01

People who work in the nuclear science and technology community are often called upon in social situations to answer questions about the nuclear industry outside their area of direct expertise. In 2012 the Canadian Nuclear Society created 'Nuclear 101', a two-day general-level course to provide more information on the nuclear sector to people who are part of the nuclear science and technology community. This paper will discuss how Nuclear 101 aids public outreach discussions and the lessons learned after two years of operation, and will look at future directions for the course. (author)

Nuclear 101, a course on the nuclear sector for workers in the nuclear sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Donev, J.M.K.C.; Boreham, D.; Day, S.; Dranga, R.; Krasznai, J.; Matthews, R.; Whitlock, J.

2014-01-01

People who work in the nuclear science and technology community are often called upon in social situations to answer questions about the nuclear industry outside their area of direct expertise. In 2012 the Canadian Nuclear Society created 'Nuclear 101', a two-day general-level course to provide more information on the nuclear sector to people who are part of the nuclear science and technology community. This paper will discuss how Nuclear 101 aids public outreach discussions and the lessons learned after two years of operation, and will look at future directions for the course. (author)

Nuclear physics for nuclear fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Xingzhong; Liu Bin; Wei Qingming; Ren Xianzhe

2004-01-01

The D-T fusion cross-section is calculated using quantum mechanics with the model of square nuclear potential well and Coulomb potential barrier. The agreement between ENDF data and the theoretically calculated results is well in the range of 0.2-280 keV. It shows that the application of Breit-Wigner formula is not suitable for the case of the light nuclei fusion reaction. When this model is applied to the nuclear reaction between the charged particles confined in a lattice, it explains the 'abnormal phenomena'. It implies a prospect of nuclear fusion energy without strong nuclear radiations

New nuclear projects in the world. Sustainable Nuclear Energy; Nuevos proyectos nucleares en el mundo. energia nuclear sostenible

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leon, P. T.

2011-07-01

Nuclear power has experienced a major boom in the last few years, primarily because it is a non-CO{sub 2} emitting energy source, it can be produced at competitive costs and it can boost a country's security of supply. there are still two issues to be addressed in relation to the currently used technologies: the degree to which the energy content of nuclear fuel is used, and wastes. A solution to both these aspects would ut nuclear power in the category of sustainable energy. The article provides details on current nuclear plans in the wold, the impact of the Fukushima accident on different countries nuclear plans and the European initiatives for sustainable nuclear energy development. (Author)

Nuclear disarmament and peaceful nuclear technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, T.B.

1989-01-01

According to the author, it remains to be seen whether nuclear disarmament can reduce the risks of nuclear war sufficiently for the residual risks to be acceptable to a majority of the world's population, while at the same time vigorous growth in the world's dependence on nuclear energy for peaceful purposes continues. This paper discusses how use of nuclear materials from dismantled weapons as fuel for peaceful purposes may help progress to be made towards that goal, by stimulating considerable improvements in the effectiveness of arrangements for preventing diversion of the materials from peaceful to military purposes, while at the same time eliminating large numbers of nuclear weapons

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2008

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Oelgaard, P.L.; Kampmann, D.

2009-06-01

The report is the fifth report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe DTU and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2008 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development, safety related events of nuclear power, and international relations and conflicts. (LN)

Report of the international forum on nuclear energy, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for the back end of nuclear fuel cycle and regional cooperation in Asia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tazaki, Makiko; Yamamura, Tsukasa; Suzuki, Mitsutoshi; Kuno, Yusuke; Mochiji, Toshiro

2013-03-01

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) held 'International Forum on Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security - Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for the back end of nuclear fuel cycle and regional cooperation in Asia-' on 12 and 13 December 2012, co-hosted by the Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) and School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. In the forum, keynote speakers from Japan, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the U.S., France and Republic of Korea (ROK), respectively explained their efforts regarding peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation. In two panel discussions, entitled 'Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security of nuclear fuel cycle back end' and 'Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for nuclear energy use in the Asian region and a multilateral cooperative framework', active discussions were made among panelists from Japan, IAEA, the U.S., France, ROK, Russia and Kazakhstan. This report includes abstracts of keynote speeches, summaries of two panel discussions and materials of the presentations in the forum. The editors take full responsibility for the wording and content of this report except presentation materials. (author)

Nuclear topics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lukner, C.

1982-07-01

The pamphlet touches on all aspects of nuclear energy, from the world energy demands and consumption, the energy program of the Federal Government, nuclear power plants in the world, nuclear fusion, nuclear liability up to the nuclear fuel cycle and the shutdown of nuclear power plants. (HSCH) [de

Nuclear proliferation and the near-nuclear countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marwah, O.; Schulz, A.

1975-01-01

The process of nuclear proliferation and its consequences for the international political system is examined by focusing on the issues in the nuclear-strategic debate that divide first and second order states. Information is included on: the US-USSR arms race; SALT agreement; the Non-Proliferation Treaty; the nuclear aspirations and policies of India, Middle Eastern countries, South Africa, Japan, Brazil, and Argentina; and assessment of the risks related to the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear weapons

Redefining interrelationship between nuclear safety, nuclear security and safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irie, Kazutomo

2011-01-01

Since the beginning of this century, the so-called 3Ss (Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Security and Safeguards) have become major regulatory areas for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The importance of the 3Ss is now emphasized to countries which are newly introducing nuclear power generation. However, as role models for those newcomers, existing nuclear power countries are also required to strengthen their regulatory infrastructure for the 3Ss. In order to rationalize the allocation of regulatory resources, interrelationship of the 3Ss should be investigated. From the viewpoint of the number of the parties concerned in regulation, nuclear security is peculiar with having 'aggressors' as the third party. From the viewpoint of final goal of regulation, nuclear security in general and safeguards share the goal of preventing non-peaceful uses of nuclear energy, though the goal of anti-sabotage within nuclear security is rather similar to nuclear safety. As often recognized, safeguards are representative of various policy tools for nuclear non-proliferation. Strictly speaking, it is not safeguards as a policy tool but nuclear non-proliferation as a policy purpose that should be parallel to other policy purposes (nuclear safety and nuclear security). That suggests 'SSN' which stands for Safety, Security and Non-proliferation is a better abbreviation rather than 3Ss. Safeguards as a policy tool should be enumerated along with nuclear safety regulation, nuclear security measures and trade controls on nuclear-related items. Trade controls have been playing an important role for nuclear non-proliferation. These policy tools can be called 'SSST' in which Trade controls are also emphasized along with Safety regulation, Security measures and Safeguards. Recently, it becomes quite difficult to clearly demarcate these policy tools. As nuclear security concept is expanding, the denotation of nuclear security measures is also expanding. Nuclear security measures are more and more

Nuclear

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-01-01

This document proposes a presentation and discussion of the main notions, issues, principles, or characteristics related to nuclear energy: radioactivity (presence in the environment, explanation, measurement, periods and activities, low doses, applications), fuel cycle (front end, mining and ore concentration, refining and conversion, fuel fabrication, in the reactor, back end with reprocessing and recycling, transport), the future of the thorium-based fuel cycle (motivations, benefits and drawbacks), nuclear reactors (principles of fission reactors, reactor types, PWR reactors, BWR, heavy-water reactor, high temperature reactor of HTR, future reactors), nuclear wastes (classification, packaging and storage, legal aspects, vitrification, choice of a deep storage option, quantities and costs, foreign practices), radioactive releases of nuclear installations (main released radio-elements, radioactive releases by nuclear reactors and by La Hague plant, gaseous and liquid effluents, impact of releases, regulation), the OSPAR Convention, management and safety of nuclear activities (from control to quality insurance, to quality management and to sustainable development), national safety bodies (mission, means, organisation and activities of ASN, IRSN, HCTISN), international bodies, nuclear and medicine (applications of radioactivity, medical imagery, radiotherapy, doses in nuclear medicine, implementation, the accident in Epinal), nuclear and R and D (past R and D programmes and expenses, main actors in France and present funding, main R and D axis, international cooperation)

Nuclear rights - nuclear wrongs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paul, E.F.; Miller, F.D.; Paul, J.; Ahrens, J.

1986-01-01

This book contains 11 selections. The titles are: Three Ways to Kill Innocent Bystanders: Some Conundrums Concerning the Morality of War; The International Defense of Liberty; Two Concepts of Deterrence; Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Control; Ethical Issues for the 1980s; The Moral Status of Nuclear Deterrent Threats; Optimal Deterrence; Morality and Paradoxical Deterrence; Immoral Risks: A Deontological Critique of Nuclear Deterrence; No War Without Dictatorship, No Peace Without Democracy: Foreign Policy as Domestic Politics; Marxism-Leninism and its Strategic Implications for the United States; Tocqueveille War.

White Paper on Nuclear Astrophysics and Low Energy Nuclear Physics - Part 1. Nuclear Astrophysics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arcones, Almudena [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Escher, Jutta E. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Others, M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2016-04-04

This white paper informs the nuclear astrophysics community and funding agencies about the scientific directions and priorities of the field and provides input from this community for the 2015 Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It summarizes the outcome of the nuclear astrophysics town meeting that was held on August 21 - 23, 2014 in College Station at the campus of Texas A&M University in preparation of the NSAC Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It also reflects the outcome of an earlier town meeting of the nuclear astrophysics community organized by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) on October 9 - 10, 2012 Detroit, Michigan, with the purpose of developing a vision for nuclear astrophysics in light of the recent NRC decadal surveys in nuclear physics (NP2010) and astronomy (ASTRO2010). The white paper is furthermore informed by the town meeting of the Association of Research at University Nuclear Accelerators (ARUNA) that took place at the University of Notre Dame on June 12 - 13, 2014. In summary we find that nuclear astrophysics is a modern and vibrant field addressing fundamental science questions at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics. These questions relate to the origin of the elements, the nuclear engines that drive life and death of stars, and the properties of dense matter. A broad range of nuclear accelerator facilities, astronomical observatories, theory efforts, and computational capabilities are needed. With the developments outlined in this white paper, answers to long-standing key questions are well within reach in the coming decade.

White paper on nuclear astrophysics and low energy nuclear physics Part 1: Nuclear astrophysics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arcones, Almudena; Bardayan, Dan W.

2016-01-01

This white paper informs the nuclear astrophysics community and funding agencies about the scientific directions and priorities of the field and provides input from this community for the 2015 Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It also summarizes the outcome of the nuclear astrophysics town meeting that was held on August 21–23, 2014 in College Station at the campus of Texas A&M University in preparation of the NSAC Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It also reflects the outcome of an earlier town meeting of the nuclear astrophysics community organized by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) on October 9–10, 2012 Detroit, Michigan, with the purpose of developing a vision for nuclear astrophysics in light of the recent NRC decadal surveys in nuclear physics (NP2010) and astronomy (ASTRO2010). Our white paper is informed informed by the town meeting of the Association of Research at University Nuclear Accelerators (ARUNA) that took place at the University of Notre Dame on June 12–13, 2014. In summary we find that nuclear astrophysics is a modern and vibrant field addressing fundamental science questions at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics. These questions relate to the origin of the elements, the nuclear engines that drive life and death of stars, and the properties of dense matter. A broad range of nuclear accelerator facilities, astronomical observatories, theory efforts, and computational capabilities are needed. Answers to long standing key questions are well within reach in the coming decade because of the developments outlined in this white paper.

Nuclear Medicine

Science.gov (United States)

... Parents/Teachers Resource Links for Students Glossary Nuclear Medicine What is nuclear medicine? What are radioactive tracers? ... funded researchers advancing nuclear medicine? What is nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty that uses ...

BS degree in nuclear engineering or a nuclear option

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams on, T.G.

1988-01-01

Many nuclear engineering educators are concerned about the health of nuclear engineering academic departments. As part of a review of the BS nuclear engineering degree program at the University of Virginia, the authors surveyed several local utilities with operating nuclear plants about their needs for nuclear engineering graduates. The perception of many of the utility executives about a nuclear engineering degree and about a nuclear option in another engineering curriculum does not agree with the way the authors view these two degrees. The responses to two of the survey questions were of particular interest: (1) does your company have a preference between nuclear engineering graduates and graduates in other fields with a nuclear option? (2) what do you consider to be a minimum level of education in nuclear engineering for a nuclear option in mechanical engineering? All of the four utilities that were surveyed stated a preference for mechanical or electrical engineers with a nuclear option, although two indicated that there are certain jobs for which a nuclear engineering graduate is desired

76 FR 19148 - Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc., Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC, Vermont Yankee Nuclear...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-06

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. 50-271; License No. DPR-28; NRC-2011-0074] Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc., Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC, Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station..., ``Requests for Action under this Subpart,'' the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) take action with...

Quantum nuclear pasta and nuclear symmetry energy

Science.gov (United States)

Fattoyev, F. J.; Horowitz, C. J.; Schuetrumpf, B.

2017-05-01

Complex and exotic nuclear geometries, collectively referred to as "nuclear pasta," are expected to appear naturally in dense nuclear matter found in the crusts of neutron stars and supernovae environments. The pasta geometries depend on the average baryon density, proton fraction, and temperature and are critically important in the determination of many transport properties of matter in supernovae and the crusts of neutron stars. Using a set of self-consistent microscopic nuclear energy density functionals, we present the first results of large scale quantum simulations of pasta phases at baryon densities 0.03 ≤ρ ≤0.10 fm-3 , proton fractions 0.05 ≤Yp≤0.40 , and zero temperature. The full quantum simulations, in particular, allow us to thoroughly investigate the role and impact of the nuclear symmetry energy on pasta configurations. We use the Sky3D code that solves the Skyrme Hartree-Fock equations on a three-dimensional Cartesian grid. For the nuclear interaction we use the state-of-the-art UNEDF1 parametrization, which was introduced to study largely deformed nuclei, hence is suitable for studies of the nuclear pasta. Density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy is simulated by tuning two purely isovector observables that are insensitive to the current available experimental data. We find that a minimum total number of nucleons A =2000 is necessary to prevent the results from containing spurious shell effects and to minimize finite size effects. We find that a variety of nuclear pasta geometries are present in the neutron star crust, and the result strongly depends on the nuclear symmetry energy. The impact of the nuclear symmetry energy is less pronounced as the proton fractions increase. Quantum nuclear pasta calculations at T =0 MeV are shown to get easily trapped in metastable states, and possible remedies to avoid metastable solutions are discussed.

Cuban Telecommunications, Computer Networking, and U.S. Policy Implications,

Science.gov (United States)

1996-07-01

Informacion para la Prensa Federacion de Mujeres Cubanas Grupo para la Educacion sobre el SIDA Instituto Superior Latinoamericano de Ajedrez...DIR) Informacion sobre Medio Ambiente (DIR) Medicina Alternativa (DIR) Servicio Especial de la Mujer (DIR) Eventos Internacionales (DIR

Two-stage nuclear refrigeration with enhanced nuclear moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunik, R.

1979-01-01

Experiments are described in which an enhanced nuclear system is used as a precoolant for a nuclear demagnetisation stage. The results show the promising advantages of such a system in those circumstances for which a large cooling power is required at extremely low temperatures. A theoretical review of nuclear enhancement at the microscopic level and its macroscopic thermodynamical consequences is given. The experimental equipment for the implementation of the nuclear enhanced refrigeration method is described and the experiments on two-stage nuclear demagnetisation are discussed. With the nuclear enhanced system PrCu 6 the author could precool a nuclear stage of indium in a magnetic field of 6 T down to temperatures below 10 mK; this resulted in temperature below 1 mK after demagnetisation of the indium. It is demonstrated that the interaction energy between the nuclear moments in an enhanced nuclear system can exceed the nuclear dipolar interaction. Several experiments are described on pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, as utilised for thermometry purposes. It is shown that platinum NMR-thermometry gives very satisfactory results around 1 mK. The results of experiments on nuclear orientation of radioactive nuclei, e.g. the brute force polarisation of 95 NbPt and 60 CoCu, are presented, some of which are of major importance for the thermometry in the milli-Kelvin region. (Auth.)

Redefining interrelationship between nuclear safety, nuclear security and safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irie, Kazutomo

2012-01-01

Since the beginning of this century, the so-called 3Ss (Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Security and Safeguards) have become major regulatory areas for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. In order to rationalize the allocation of regulatory resources, interrelationship of the 3Ss should be investigated. From the viewpoint of the number of the parties concerned in regulation, nuclear security is peculiar with having “aggressors” as the third party. From the viewpoint of final goal of regulation, nuclear security in general and safeguards share the goal of preventing non-peaceful uses of nuclear energy, though the goal of anti-sabotage within nuclear security is rather similar to nuclear safety. As often recognized, safeguards are representative of various policy tools for nuclear non-proliferation. Strictly speaking, it is not safeguards as a policy tool but nuclear non-proliferation as a policy purpose that should be parallel to other policy purposes (nuclear safety and nuclear security). That suggests “SSN” which stands for Safety, Security and Non-proliferation is a better abbreviation rather than 3Ss. Safeguards as a policy tool should be enumerated along with nuclear safety regulation, nuclear security measures and trade controls on nuclear-related items. Trade controls have been playing an important role for nuclear non-proliferation. These policy tools can be called “SSST” in which Trade controls are also emphasized along with Safety regulation, Security measures and Safeguards. (author)

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Oelgaard, P.L.; Kampmann, D.; Majborn, B.; Nonboel, E.; Nystrup, P.E.

2007-04-01

The report is the fourth report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe National Laboratory and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2006 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development and development of emergency management systems, safety related events of nuclear power, and international relations and conflicts. (LN)

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-03-01

The report is the second report in a new series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe National Laboratory and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2004 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development and development of emergency management systems, safety related events of nuclear power and international relations and conflicts. (ln)

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2005

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Oelgaard, P.L.; Kampman, D.; Majborn, B.; Nonboel, E.; Nystrup, P.E.

2006-03-01

The report is the third report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe National Laboratory and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2005 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development and development of emergency management systems, safety related events of nuclear power and international relations and conflicts. (ln)

Position paper on nuclear proliferation issues preventing nuclear proliferation. A duty for the nuclear community

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goldschmidt, Pierre; Bonin, Bernard [ENS High Scientific Council, Brussels (Belgium)

2010-06-15

The production of electricity from nuclear power plants is widely seen today as having an increasing role to play in meeting global energy requirements in a sustainable manner. Conscious of the inherently sensitive nature of nuclear technology and materials the ENS-HSC (European Nuclear Society - High Scientific Council) is well aware that a severe safety, security, environmental or proliferation mishap stemming from nuclear energy anywhere in the world would undermine the potential for nuclear energy to contribute to the global energy supply and the minimization of harmful carbon emissions. While the safety of nuclear power plants has continuously improved over the last three decades, the same degree of success cannot be claimed when it comes to the achievements of the international community in stemming the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation. This unfortunate situation is due to both technical and political reasons. The European nuclear industry is committed to the exclusively peaceful use of nuclear energy and to export nuclear facilities and related materials, equipment and technology solely in accordance with relevant national export laws and regulations, Nuclear Suppliers Group guidelines and pertinent United Nations Security Council Resolutions. The ENS-HSC considers that, as a manifestation of their strong commitment to nonproliferation, it is important for the nuclear industry to pay special attention to and promote proliferation-resistant designs and to take IAEA safeguards requirements into account at the design stage. Preventing nuclear proliferation is primarily the responsibility of states but, as major stakeholders, the nuclear industry and scientific community should actively support nuclear disarmament as foreseen in the Non-Proliferation Treaty and measures necessary to strengthen the non-proliferation regime, particularly the international control of the flux of nuclear material and technology. (orig.)

Position paper on nuclear proliferation issues preventing nuclear proliferation. A duty for the nuclear community

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldschmidt, Pierre; Bonin, Bernard

2010-01-01

The production of electricity from nuclear power plants is widely seen today as having an increasing role to play in meeting global energy requirements in a sustainable manner. Conscious of the inherently sensitive nature of nuclear technology and materials the ENS-HSC (European Nuclear Society - High Scientific Council) is well aware that a severe safety, security, environmental or proliferation mishap stemming from nuclear energy anywhere in the world would undermine the potential for nuclear energy to contribute to the global energy supply and the minimization of harmful carbon emissions. While the safety of nuclear power plants has continuously improved over the last three decades, the same degree of success cannot be claimed when it comes to the achievements of the international community in stemming the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation. This unfortunate situation is due to both technical and political reasons. The European nuclear industry is committed to the exclusively peaceful use of nuclear energy and to export nuclear facilities and related materials, equipment and technology solely in accordance with relevant national export laws and regulations, Nuclear Suppliers Group guidelines and pertinent United Nations Security Council Resolutions. The ENS-HSC considers that, as a manifestation of their strong commitment to nonproliferation, it is important for the nuclear industry to pay special attention to and promote proliferation-resistant designs and to take IAEA safeguards requirements into account at the design stage. Preventing nuclear proliferation is primarily the responsibility of states but, as major stakeholders, the nuclear industry and scientific community should actively support nuclear disarmament as foreseen in the Non-Proliferation Treaty and measures necessary to strengthen the non-proliferation regime, particularly the international control of the flux of nuclear material and technology. (orig.)

Nuclear moments

CERN Document Server

Kopferman, H; Massey, H S W

1958-01-01

Nuclear Moments focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and transformations of molecules and atoms, including magnetic resonance and nuclear moments. The book first offers information on nuclear moments in free atoms and molecules, including theoretical foundations of hyperfine structure, isotope shift, spectra of diatomic molecules, and vector model of molecules. The manuscript then takes a look at nuclear moments in liquids and crystals. Discussions focus on nuclear paramagnetic and magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance. The text discusses nuclear moments and nucl

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA LOGÍSTICA Y LAS REDES DE VALOR EN EMPRESAS CUBANAS EN PERFECCIONAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL / CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LOGISTICS AND THE VALUE NETS IN CUBAN COMPANIES IN MANAGERIAL IMPROVEMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Inés Gómez-Acosta

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Caracterizar el estado de la logística y de la gestión de las cadenas de suministro constituye un soporte para trazar estrategias de desarrollo, tanto a nivel del sector empresarial como en la formación de profesionales. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo la utilización de los modelos de referencia de la logística y las redes de valor, desarrollados por los autores, permite caracterizar el estado de ambas temáticas en las empresas. Los principales métodos utilizados han sido las encuestas, el análisis y la síntesis, y la estadística. El resultado principal es la caracterización del estado de la logística y la gestión de las cadenas de suministro en una muestra de empresas estadísticamente significativa. Como conclusión fundamental se obtuvo que los modelos de referencia desarrollados constituyen instrumentos de gran utilidad y validez para caracterizar el estado de la gestión logística y de las cadenas de suministro en las condiciones de las empresas cubanas, así como una guía para trazar estrategias para su desarrollo.AbstractCharacterizing the logistic and supply chain level is a fundamental support for strategic development, not only for enterprises but also for the professionals training in these topics. The objective of the present article is to demonstrate that the use of reference models for logistic and supply chain, developed by the authors, is useful to characterize the level of those themes in the companies. The main methods that were used are: surveys, statistics, analysis and summary of data. As a result, a complete diagnosis is obtained with the different levels of logistic and supply chain concept application in a statistically significant sample of firms. The fundamental conclusion is that these models are validated and useful to characterize the aspects of logistic and supply chain in the Cuban enterprises, and constitute a guide to draw up development strategies.

The applications of nuclear techniques in nuclear medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Huiyang

1986-01-01

There are a great deal of advanced techniques in nuclear medicine imaging, because many recent achivements of nuclear techniques have been applied to medicine in recent years. This paper presents the effects of nuclear techniques in development of nuclear medicine imaging. The first part describes radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine imaging including commonly used 99m Tc labeled agents and cyclotron produced radionuclides for organ imaging. The second part describes nuclear medicine instrucments, including PECT, SPECT, MRI ect.; and discussions on the advantages, disadvantages and present status

Nuclear energy and nuclear technology in Switzerland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graf, P.

1975-01-01

The energy crisis, high fuel costs and slow progress in the development of alternative energy sources, e.g. solar energy have given further impetus to nuclear power generation. The Swiss nuclear energy programme is discussed and details are given of nuclear station in operation, under construction, in the project stage and of Swiss participation in foreign nuclear stations. Reference is made to the difficulties, delays and resulting cost increases caused by local and regional opposition to nuclear power stations. The significant contributions made by Swiss industry and Swiss consulting engineers are discussed. (P.G.R.)

Nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scurr, I.F.; Silver, J.M.

1990-01-01

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization maintains an ongoing assessment of the world's nuclear technology developments, as a core activity of its Strategic Plan. This publication reviews the current status of the nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle in Australia and around the world. Main issues discussed include: performances and economics of various types of nuclear reactors, uranium resources and requirements, fuel fabrication and technology, radioactive waste management. A brief account of the large international effort to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion power is also given. 11 tabs., ills

Nuclear winter or nuclear fall?

Science.gov (United States)

Berger, André

Climate is universal. If a major modern nuclear war (i.e., with a large number of small-yield weapons) were to happen, it is not even necessary to have a specific part of the world directly involved for there to be cause to worry about the consequences for its inhabitants and their future. Indeed, smoke from fires ignited by the nuclear explosions would be transported by winds all over the world, causing dark and cold. According to the first study, by Turco et al. [1983], air surface temperature over continental areas of the northern mid-latitudes (assumed to be the nuclear war theatre) would fall to winter levels even in summer (hence the term “nuclear winter”) and induce drastic climatic conditions for several months at least. The devastating effects of a nuclear war would thus last much longer than was assumed initially. Discussing to what extent these estimations of long-term impacts on climate are reliable is the purpose of this article.

Asia nuclear-test-ban network for nuclear non-proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shinohara, Nobuo; Kokaji, Lisa; Ichimasa, Sukeyuki

2010-01-01

In Global Center of Excellence Program of The University of Tokyo, Non- Proliferation Study Committee by the members of nuclear industries, electricity utilities, nuclear energy institutes and universities has initiated on October 2008 from the viewpoints of investigating a package of measures for nuclear non-proliferation and bringing up young people who will support the near-future nuclear energy system. One of the non-proliferation issues in the Committee is the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Objective of this treaty is to cease all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other nuclear explosion. This purpose should be contributed effectively to the political stability of the Asian region by continuous efforts to eliminate the nuclear weapons. In the Committee, by extracting several issues related to the CTBT, conception of 'Asia nuclear-test-ban network for nuclear non-proliferation' has been discussed with the aim of the nuclear-weapon security in Asian region, where environmental nuclear-test monitoring data is mainly treated and utilized. In this paper, the conception of the 'network' is presented in detail. (author)

Strategy of nuclear power in Korea, non-nuclear-weapon state and peaceful use of nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagasaki, Takao

2005-01-01

The nuclear power plant started at Kori in Korea in April, 1978. Korea has carried out development of nuclear power as a national policy. The present capacity of nuclear power plants takes the sixes place in the world. It supplies 42% total power generation. The present state of nuclear power plant, nuclear fuel cycle facility, strategy of domestic production of nuclear power generation, development of next generation reactor and SMART, strategy of export in corporation with industry, government and research organization, export of nuclear power generation in Japan, nuclear power improvement project with Japan, Korea and Asia, development of nuclear power system with nuclear diffusion resistance, Hybrid Power Extraction Reactor System, radioactive waste management and construction of joint management and treatment system of spent fuel in Asia are stated. (S.Y.)

Nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abd Khalik Wood

2005-01-01

This chapter discussed the following topics related to the nuclear power: nuclear reactions, nuclear reactors and its components - reactor fuel, fuel assembly, moderator, control system, coolants. The topics titled nuclear fuel cycle following subtopics are covered: , mining and milling, tailings, enrichment, fuel fabrication, reactor operations, radioactive waste and fuel reprocessing. Special topic on types of nuclear reactor highlighted the reactors for research, training, production, material testing and quite detail on reactors for electricity generation. Other related topics are also discussed: sustainability of nuclear power, renewable nuclear fuel, human capital, environmental friendly, emission free, impacts on global warming and air pollution, conservation and preservation, and future prospect of nuclear power

Nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardy, C.J.; Silver, J.M.

1985-09-01

The report provides data and assessments of the status and prospects of nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle. The report discusses the economic competitiveness of nuclear electricity generation, the extent of world uranium resources, production and requirements, uranium conversion and enrichment, fuel fabrication, spent fuel treatment and radioactive waste management. A review is given of the status of nuclear fusion research

Building world-wide nuclear industry success stories - Safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saint-Pierre, S.

2005-01-01

Full text: This WNA Position Statement summarizes the worldwide nuclear industry's record, progress and plans in safely managing nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel. The global industry's safe waste management practices cover the entire nuclear fuel-cycle, from the mining of uranium to the long-term disposal of end products from nuclear power reactors. The Statement's aim is to provide, in clear and accurate terms, the nuclear industry's 'story' on a crucially important subject often clouded by misinformation. Inevitably, each country and each company employs a management strategy appropriate to a specific national and technical context. This Position Statement reflects a confident industry consensus that a common dedication to sound practices throughout the nuclear industry worldwide is continuing to enhance an already robust global record of safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel. This text focuses solely on modern civil programmes of nuclear-electricity generation. It does not deal with the substantial quantities of waste from military or early civil nuclear programmes. These wastes fall into the category of 'legacy activities' and are generally accepted as a responsibility of national governments. The clean-up of wastes resulting from 'legacy activities' should not be confused with the limited volume of end products that are routinely produced and safely managed by today's nuclear energy industry. On the significant subject of 'Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities', which is integral to modern civil nuclear power programmes, the WNA will offer a separate Position Statement covering the industry's safe management of nuclear waste in this context. The safe management of nuclear waste and used nuclear fuel is a widespread, well-demonstrated reality. This strong safety record reflects a high degree of nuclear industry expertise and of industry responsibility toward the well-being of current and future generations. Accumulating experience and

Development of nuclear energy and nuclear policy in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

You Deliang

1993-11-01

Status of nuclear power development in China, nuclear policy and nuclear power programme are described. Issues regarding nuclear fuel cycle system, radioactive waste management and international cooperation in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy are discussed

The Nuclear Review: the Institution of Nuclear Engineers' response to the Review of Nuclear Power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1994-01-01

The United Kingdom Government's Nuclear Review currently underway, addresses whether and in what form nuclear power should continue to be part of the country's power generation capability. This article sets out the response of the Institution of Nuclear Engineers to the Nuclear Review. This pro-nuclear group emphasises the benefits to be gained from diversity of generation in the energy supply industry. The environmentally benign nature of nuclear power is emphasised, in terms of gaseous emissions. The industry's excellent safety record also argues in favour of nuclear power. Finally, as power demand increases globally, a health U.K. nuclear industry could generate British wealth through power exports and via the construction industry. The Institution's view on radioactive waste management is also set out. (UK)

Theoretical studies in nuclear reactions and nuclear structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-05-01

Research in the Maryland Nuclear Theory Group focusses on problems in four basic areas of current relevance. Hadrons in nuclear matter; the structure of hadrons; relativistic nuclear physics and heavy ion dynamics and related processes. The section on hadrons in nuclear matter groups together research items which are aimed at exploring ways in which the properties of nucleons and the mesons which play a role in the nuclear force are modified in the nuclear medium. A very interesting result has been the finding that QCD sum rules supply a new insight into the decrease of the nucleon's mass in the nuclear medium. The quark condensate, which characterizes spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of the late QCD vacuum, decreases in nuclear matter and this is responsible for the decrease of the nucleon's mass. The section on the structure of hadrons contains progress reports on our research aimed at understanding the structure of the nucleon. Widely different approaches are being studied, e.g., lattice gauge calculations, QCD sum rules, quark-meson models with confinement and other hedgehog models. A major goal of this type of research is to develop appropriate links between nuclear physics and QCD. The section on relativistic nuclear physics represents our continuing interest in developing an appropriate relativistic framework for nuclear dynamics. A Lorentz-invariant description of the nuclear force suggests a similar decrease of the nucleon's mass in the nuclear medium as has been found from QCD sum rules. Work in progress extends previous successes in elastic scattering to inelastic scattering of protons by nuclei. The section on heavy ion dynamics and related processes reports on research into the e + e - problem and heavy ion dynamics

Nuclear data services of the Nuclear Data Centers Network available at the National Nuclear Data Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLane, V.

1997-01-01

The Nuclear Data Centers Network provides low and medium energy nuclear reaction data to users around the world. Online retrievals are available through the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center, the Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, and the IAEA Nuclear Data Section from these extensive bibliographic, experimental data, and evaluated data files. In addition to nuclear reaction data, the various databases also provide nuclear structure and decay data, and other information of interest to users. The WorldWideWeb sites at the National Nuclear Data Center and the NEA Data Bank provide access to some of the Centers' files. (orig.)

Control of Nuclear Materials and Special Equipment (Nuclear Safety Regulations)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cizmek, A.; Prah, M.; Medakovic, S.; Ilijas, B.

2008-01-01

Based on Nuclear Safety Act (OG 173/03) the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) in 2008 adopted beside Ordinance on performing nuclear activities (OG 74/06) and Ordinance on special conditions for individual activities to be performed by expert organizations which perform activities in the area of nuclear safety (OG 74/06) the new Ordinance on the control of nuclear material and special equipment (OG 15/08). Ordinance on the control of nuclear material and special equipment lays down the list of nuclear materials and special equipment as well as of nuclear activities covered by the system of control of production of special equipment and non-nuclear material, the procedure for notifying the intention to and filing the application for a license to carry out nuclear activities, and the format and contents of the forms for doing so. This Ordinance also lays down the manner in which nuclear material records have to be kept, the procedure for notifying the State administration organization (regulatory body) responsible for nuclear safety by the nuclear material user, and the keeping of registers of nuclear activities, nuclear material and special equipment by the State administration organization (regulatory body) responsible for nuclear safety, as well as the form and content of official nuclear safety inspector identification card and badge.(author)

Leading twist nuclear shadowing, nuclear generalized parton distributions and nuclear DVCS at small x

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guzey, Vadim; Goeke, Klaus; Siddikov, Marat

2009-01-01

We generalize the leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing and calculate quark and gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of spinless nuclei. We predict very large nuclear shadowing for nuclear GPDs. In the limit of the purely transverse momentum transfer, our nuclear GPDs become impact parameter dependent nuclear parton distributions (PDFs). Nuclear shadowing induces non-trivial correlations between the impact parameter $b$ and the light-cone fraction $x$. We make predictions for the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) amplitude and the DVCS cross section on $^{208}$Pb at high energies. We calculate the cross section of the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process and address the issue of the extraction of the DVCS signal from the $e A \\to e \\gamma A$ cross section. We find that the $e A \\to e \\gamma A$ differential cross section is dominated by DVCS at the momentum transfer $t$ near the minima of the nuclear form factor. We also find that nuclear shadowing leads

Nuclear forensics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venugopal, V.

2010-01-01

Nuclear forensics is the analysis of nuclear materials recovered from either the capture of unused materials, or from the radioactive debris following a nuclear explosion and can contribute significantly to the identification of the sources of the materials and the industrial processes used to obtain them. In the case of an explosion, nuclear forensics can also reconstruct key features of the nuclear device. Nuclear forensic analysis works best in conjunction with other law enforcement, radiological protection dosimetry, traditional forensics, and intelligence work to provide the basis for attributing the materials and/or nuclear device to its originators. Nuclear forensics is a piece of the overall attribution process, not a stand-alone activity

The role of nuclear law in nuclear safety after Fukushima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cardozo, Diva E. Puig

2013-01-01

The paper contains the following topics: nuclear law, origin and evolution, role of the legal instruments on nuclear safety, nuclear safety the impact of major nuclear accidents: Chernobyl and Fukushima. The response of the nuclear law post Fukushima. Safety and security. International framework for nuclear safety: nuclear convention joint convention on safety on spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management. The Fukushima World Conference on Nuclear Safety. Convention on Prompt Notification and Assistance in case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. Plan of Action for Nuclear Safety. IAEA recommendations for the safety transport of radioactive material. International framework for nuclear security. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials. International Convention for the Suppression of Acts Against Nuclear Terrorism. Resolution No. 1540 of the Security Council of United Nations (2004). Measures to strengthen international safety. Code of conduct on the safety research reactor

Nuclear power. Volume 1. Nuclear power plant design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedersen, E.S.

1978-01-01

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DESIGN is intended to be used as a working reference book for management, engineers and designers, and as a graduate-level text for engineering students. The book is designed to combine theory with practical nuclear power engineering and design experience, and to give the reader an up-to-date view of the status of nuclear power and a basic understanding of how nuclear power plants function. Volume 1 contains the following chapters; (1) nuclear reactor theory; (2) nuclear reactor design; (3) types of nuclear power plants; (4) licensing requirements; (5) shielding and personnel exposure; (6) containment and structural design; (7) main steam and turbine cycles; (8) plant electrical system; (9) plant instrumentation and control systems; (10) radioactive waste disposal (waste management) and (11) conclusion

Emerging nuclear energy systems and nuclear weapon proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gsponer, A.; Sahin, S.; Jasani, B.

1983-01-01

Generally when considering problems of proliferation of nuclear weapons, discussions are focused on horizontal proliferation. However, the emerging nuclear energy systems currently have an impact mainly on vertical proliferation. The paper indicates that technologies connected with emerging nuclear energy systems, such as fusion reactors and accelerators, enhance the knowledge of thermonuclear weapon physics and will enable production of military useful nuclear materials (including some rare elements). At present such technologies are enhancing the arsenal of the nuclear weapon states. But one should not forget the future implications for horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons as some of the techniques will in the near future be within the technological and economic capabilities of non-nuclear weapon states. Some of these systems are not under any international control. (orig.) [de

Securing Chinese nuclear power development: further strengthening nuclear security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Hui

2014-01-01

Chinese President Xi Jinping addresses China's new concept of nuclear security with four 'equal emphasis' at the third Nuclear Security Summit, and makes four commitments to strengthen nuclear security in the future. To convert President Xi's political commitments into practical, sustainable reality, China should take further steps to install a complete, reliable, and effective security system to ensure that all its nuclear materials and nuclear facilities are effectively protected against the full spectrum of plausible terrorist and criminal threats. This paper suggests the following measures be taken to improve China's existing nuclear security system, including updating and clarifying the requirements for a national level DBT; updating and enforcing existing regulations; further promoting nuclear security culture; balancing the costs of nuclear security, and further strengthening international cooperation on nuclear security. (author)

Model Action Plan for Nuclear Forensics and Nuclear Attribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dudder, G B; Niemeyer, S; Smith, D K; Kristo, M J

2004-01-01

Nuclear forensics and nuclear attribution have become increasingly important tools in the fight against illegal trafficking in nuclear and radiological materials. This technical report documents the field of nuclear forensics and nuclear attribution in a comprehensive manner, summarizing tools and procedures that have heretofore been described independently in the scientific literature. This report also provides national policy-makers, decision-makers, and technical managers with guidance for responding to incidents involving the interdiction of nuclear and radiological materials. However, due to the significant capital costs of the equipment and the specialized expertise of the personnel, work in the field of nuclear forensics has been restricted so far to a handful of national and international laboratories. In fact, there are a limited number of specialists who have experience working with interdicted nuclear materials and affiliated evidence. Most of the laboratories that have the requisite equipment, personnel, and experience to perform nuclear forensic analysis are participants in the Nuclear Smuggling International Technical Working Group or ITWG (see Section 1.8). Consequently, there is a need to disseminate information on an appropriate response to incidents of nuclear smuggling, including a comprehensive approach to gathering evidence that meets appropriate legal standards and to developing insights into the source and routes of nuclear and radiological contraband. Appendix A presents a ''Menu of Options'' for other Member States to request assistance from the ITWG Nuclear Forensics Laboratories (INFL) on nuclear forensic cases

Theoretical studies in nuclear reactions and nuclear structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-05-01

Research in the Maryland Nuclear Theory Group focusses on problems in four basic areas of current relevance. Hadrons in nuclear matter; the structure of hadrons; relativistic nuclear physics and heavy ion dynamics and related processes. The section on hadrons in nuclear matter groups together research items which are aimed at exploring ways in which the properties of nucleons and the mesons which play a role in the nuclear force are modified in the nuclear medium. A very interesting result has been the finding that QCD sum rules supply a new insight into the decrease of the nucleon's mass in the nuclear medium. The quark condensate, which characterizes spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of the late QCD vacuum, decreases in nuclear matter and this is responsible for the decrease of the nucleon's mass. The section on the structure of hadrons contains progress reports on our research aimed at understanding the structure of the nucleon. Widely different approaches are being studied, e.g., lattice gauge calculations, QCD sum rules, quark-meson models with confinement and other hedgehog models. A major goal of this type of research is to develop appropriate links between nuclear physics and QCD. The section on relativistic nuclear physics represents our continuing interest in developing an appropriate relativistic framework for nuclear dynamics. A Lorentz-invariant description of the nuclear force suggests a similar decrease of the nucleon's mass in the nuclear medium as has been found from QCD sum rules. Work in progress extends previous successes in elastic scattering to inelastic scattering of protons by nuclei. The section on heavy ion dynamics and related processes reports on research into the e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} problem and heavy ion dynamics.

The Romanian nuclear regulatory body as a nuclear communicator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cluculescu, Cristina

2000-01-01

A comprehensive nuclear law environment could be a relevant tool to promote greater confidence in the nuclear energy. Romania has had laws in place governing the regulation of nuclear activities since 1974, which remained in force throughout and subsequent to the national constitutional changes. Up to December 1996, the CNCAN activities were based on Law No. 61/1974 for the development of the nuclear activities in Romania and Law No. 61982 on the quality assurance of the nuclear facilities and nuclear power plants. The Nuclear Safety legislation has been enacted in November 1974 (Law No. 61/1974) and it followed as closely as possible (for that time) the US Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended subsequently. The Romanian nuclear regulatory body, called National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) is a governmental organization responsible for the development of the regulatory framework, the control of its implementation and for the licensing of nuclear facilities. An important issue of CNCAN is to provide the correct and reasoning information to the public. The most important topics focused on nuclear activities for the interest of mass media in Romania are: Radioactive waste management; The cost and benefit of nuclear energy compared by conventional energy; The conditions for transportation of radioactive materials; The consequences of a suppositional nuclear accidents; The safety in operation for nuclear installations. The information provided to press and public by regulatory body is clearly and well structured. The target is to clearly explain to mass media and the public should understand very well the difference between the meaning of a nuclear accident, nuclear incident or nuclear event. CNCAN monitories and surveys the operation in safe conditions the nuclear facilities and plants, the protection against nuclear radiation of the professionally exposed personnel, of the population, of the environment and the material goods. It is also

[Nuclear theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haxton, W.

1990-01-01

This report discusses research in nuclear physics. Topics covered in this paper are: symmetry principles; nuclear astrophysics; nuclear structure; quark-gluon plasma; quantum chromodynamics; symmetry breaking; nuclear deformation; and cold fusion

La apuesta por los broadcasters y por la alta definición : panorama de la TDT en los Estados Unidos

OpenAIRE

Prado, Emili; García Muñoz, Núria

2003-01-01

La implantación de la televisión digital terrestre en los Estados Unidos da el protagonismo a los broadcasters, únicos habilitados para operar. La oferta de televisión de alta definición es la opción estratégica para la penetración. La intervención reguladora de la Administración adquiere un gran relieve en todo el proceso.

China's nuclear safety regulatory body: The national nuclear safety administration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Shiguan

1991-04-01

The establishment of an independent nuclear safety regulatory body is necessary for ensuring the safety of nuclear installations and nuclear fuel. Therefore the National Nuclear Safety Administration was established by the state. The aim, purpose, organization structure and main tasks of the Administration are presented. At the same time the practical examples, such as nuclear safety regulation on the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, safety review and inspections for the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant during the construction, and nuclear material accounting and management system in the nuclear fuel fabrication plant in China, are given in order to demonstrate the important roles having been played on nuclear safety by the Administration after its founding

Nuclear Deterrence in a New Nuclear Era

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miraillet, Michel

2010-01-01

Within an unstable international environment and an unpredictable future, nuclear weapons will continue to play a major role in defense policies. Indeed, since disarmament currently seems an unlikely objective, nuclear weapons remain as a security guarantee. Within this context, talk of the global abolition of nuclear weapons remains essentially rhetorical and the supposed link between disarmament and non-proliferation is a tenuous one. The foremost purpose of both disarmament and nuclear deterrence must be security

Nuclear links

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

The subject is dealt with in sections: introduction; energy and the third world; world energy consumption 1978; oil -the energy dilemma; nuclear chains - introduction; uranium; Namibia; enrichment and reprocessing; countries with enrichment and reprocessing facilities; waste; conclusion; why take the nuclear option; third world countries with nuclear reactors; the arms connection; government spending and human resources 1977 (by countries); nuclear power - the final solution; the fascists; world bank; campaigns; community action in Plogoff; Australian labour movement; NUM against nuclear power; Scottish campaign; students against nuclear energy; anti-nuclear campaign; partizans; 3W1 disarmament and development; campaign ATOM; CANUC; 3W1; SANE. (U.K.)

COMPARACIÓN DEL COSTE DE LA INCAPACIDAD TEMPORAL POR CONTINGENCIA COMÚN EN 2006 ENTRE LAS PROVINCIAS DE BARCELONA Y MADRID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Ballesteros Polo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La incapacidad temporal por contingencia común es un importante problema de salud pública con grandes repercusiones socioeconómicas, que no se distribuye territorialmente de forma homogénea. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar las diferencias en los costes de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común entre las provincias de Barcelona y Madrid. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo basado en casos incidentes de incapacidad temporal por contingencia común de más de 15 días de duración seguidos hasta su finalización en una cohorte retrospectiva en el año 2006. La población de estudio fueron los trabajadores de las empresas afiliadas a una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales para la gestión de dicha incapacidad ubicados en las provincias de Barcelona y Madrid. Se comparó la incidencia, duración y base reguladora diaria entre Barcelona y Madrid, ajustando por sexo, edad y sector económico mediante modelos estadísticos que tuvieron en cuenta la repetición de episodios en un mismo individuo. Resultados: Se identificaron 24.527 episodios de incapacidad temporal por contingencia común, siendo el 62% de Barcelona. El coste medio por episodio fue un 33% más elevado en la provincia de Barcelona (2.589 t vs. 1.941 t. Los episodios ocurridos en la provincia de Barcelona, respecto a Madrid, presentaron una incidencia un 22% superior (1,22, IC95%:1,10- 1,36 y la base reguladora media por episodio fue 7,8 t superior (IC95%:7,20-8,40. Respecto a la duración de los procesos la razón de tiempos fue de 1,03 (IC95%: 1,01-1,05. Conclusiones: Se observó una mayor incidencia y base reguladora diaria en la provincia de Barcelona respecto a la de Madrid que podría explicar su mayor coste.

Theoretical studies in nuclear reactions and nuclear structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wallace, S.J.

1991-05-01

This report discusses topics in the following areas: Hadronic structure; hadrons in nuclei; hot hadronic matter; relativistic nuclear physics and NN interaction; leptonic emissions from high-Z heavy ion collisions; theoretical studies of heavy ion dynamics; nuclear pre-equilibrium reactions; classical chaotic dynamics and nuclear structure; and, theory of nuclear fission

Nuclear-fuel-cycle education: Module 1. Nuclear fuel cycle overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eckhoff, N.D.

1981-07-01

This educational module is an overview of the nuclear-fule-cycle. The overview covers nuclear energy resources, the present and future US nuclear industry, the industry view of nuclear power, the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation program, the Union of Concerned Scientists view of the nuclear-fuel-cycle, an analysis of this viewpoint, resource requirements for a model light water reactor, and world nuclear power considerations

Nuclear Forensics' role in analyzing nuclear trafficking activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hrnecek, E.; Mayer, K.; Schubert, A.; Wallenius, M.

2010-01-01

Nuclear forensics aims at identifying origin and intended use of nuclear material using information inherent to the nuclear material.The information gathered in nuclear forensics include isotopic composition, elemental composition, impurities and age of the material, macroscopic appearance and microstructure. The information so collected helps to solve criminal cases and put the individuals involved in nuclear trafficking in jails. The information also helps to improve safeguards and physical protection measures at place of theft or diversion to prevent future thefts or diversions.

Caracterización del sistema actual de diagnóstico a los motores de combustión interna diésel en empresas cubanas y propuesta de modificación; Actual System Characterization of Technique Diagnosis for Diesel Engine in Cuban Companies and Modification Propo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis García Abreu

2011-02-01

Full Text Available El diagnóstico es considerado una de las principales herramientas para garantizar la disponibilidad y confiabilidadde los carros de transporte. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio de las principales limitaciones queposee el sistema actual de diagnóstico para las instalaciones motrices diésel, a partir del análisis de la informaciónproveniente de diez empresas cubanas y la aplicación de técnicas del trabajo creativo con grupos de expertos.Además, se muestran las principales modificaciones a realizar a dicho sistema con el objetivo de superar estaslimitaciones, mediante la aplicación de criterios del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad y del basado enla condición, y las técnicas y métodos del diagnóstico integral.  The technical diagnosis is considered one of the tools main to guarantee the availability and reliability of the carsof transport. Presently work is carried out a study of the main limitations that have the current system oftechnical diagnosis to the diesel motive installations, starting from the analysis of the information coming from 10companies located in the western territory and the application of technical of the creative work with experts'groups. Also, the main modifications are shown to carry out to this system with the objective of overcomingthese limitations, by means of the application of approaches of the reliability centered maintenance (RCM andcondition based maintenance (C B M, and the techniques and methods of the integral diagnosis.

Radionuclides for nuclear medicine: a nuclear physicists' view

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cantone, M.; Haddad, F.; Harissopoulos, S.

2013-01-01

NuPECC (the Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee, an expert committee of the European Science Foundation) has the mission to strengthen European Collaboration in nuclear science through the promotion of nuclear physics and its trans-disciplinary use and application. NuPECC is currently...... working on a report on “Nuclear Physics for Medicine” and has set up a working group to review the present status and prospects of radionuclides for nuclear medicine. An interim report will be presented to seek comments and constructive input from EANM members. In particular it is investigated how nuclear...... physics Methods and nuclear physics facilities are supporting the development and supply of medical radionuclides and how this support could be further strengthened in future. Aspects that will be addressed: •In recent years, the reactor-based supply chain of 99Mo/99mTc generators was repeatedly...

Dare nuclear energy with the Australian Nuclear Association

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2016-01-01

Australian authorities have been traditionally opposed to nuclear energy. The interdiction to build nuclear power plants in the Australian states without the approval of the federal authority was even officially written in the environment code in 1999. Today coal provides 75% of the electricity needs of Australia. Because of climate warming, things are changing, the Australian government is now considering the possibility of using nuclear energy and a site located in southern Australian has been selected for the disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes. In this context the Australian Nuclear Association (ANA) is developing an ambitious program for the promotion of all the applications of nuclear energy through the organisation of conferences and meetings with various experts of nuclear industry. The aim is to make the public aware of the assets of nuclear energy. (A.C.)

Nuclear forensics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karadeniz, O.; Guenalp, G.

2010-01-01

This review discusses the methodology of nuclear forensics and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. Nuclear forensics is relatively new scientific branch whose aim it is to read out material inherent from nuclear material. Nuclear forensics investigations have to be considered as part of a comprehensive set of measures for detection,interception, categorization and characterization of illicitly trafficking nuclear material. Prevention, detection and response are the main elements in combating illicit trafficking. Forensics is a key element in the response process. Forensic science is defined as the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. Besides, in this study we will explain age determination of nuclear materials.

Nuclear power. Volume 2. Nuclear power project management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedersen, E.S.

1978-01-01

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DESIGN is intended to be used as a working reference book for management, engineers and designers, and as a graduate-level text for engineering students. The book is designed to combine theory with practical nuclear power engineering and design experience, and to give the reader an up-to-date view of the status of nuclear power and a basic understanding of how nuclear power plants function. Volume 2 contains the following chapters: (1) review of nuclear power plants; (2) licensing procedures; (3) safety analysis; (4) project professional services; (5) quality assurance and project organization; (6) construction, scheduling, and operation; (7) nuclear fuel handling and fuel management; (8) plant cost management; and (9) conclusion

Nuclear disarmament and the elimination of nuclear dangers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daerr, Hans-Joachim

2002-01-01

... today's threats to security and stability have become less predictable and require at the same time a joint response. They illustrate the need for a new international order organized around shared values, common norms of behaviour and the rule of law. Disarmament, arms control, and non-proliferation are indispensable elements of this cooperative international order... We have to make sure that the functions that are today attributed to nuclear weapons become dispensable ... Nuclear disarmament is the counterpart of the renunciation of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear-weapons states. This bargain must not be undermined ... The NPT is no licence to perpetuate the status of the nuclear 'haves' versus the nuclear 'have nots.' (author)

Nuclear material control systems for nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-06-01

Paragraph 70.51(c) of 10 CFR Part 70 requires each licensee who is authorized to possess at any one time special nuclear material in a quantity exceeding one effective kilogram to establish, maintain, and follow written material control and accounting procedures that are sufficient to enable the licensee to account for the special nuclear material in his possession under license. While other paragraphs and sections of Part 70 provide specific requirements for nuclear material control systems for fuel cycle plants, such detailed requirements are not included for nuclear power reactors. This guide identifies elements acceptable to the NRC staff for a nuclear material control system for nuclear power reactors. (U.S.)

Nuclear knowledge, trust and public acceptance of nuclear developments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berdahl, A.L.; Bell, B.S.; Bourassa, C.M.; Fried, D.J., E-mail: Loleen.Berdahl@usask.ca, E-mail: Bourassa@edwards.usask.ca, E-mail: Scott.Bell@usask.ca, E-mail: Jana.Fried@usask.ca [Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)

2014-07-01

While nuclear sector activities remain contentious public issues, studies suggest that knowledge levels and trust in nuclear actors can influence public attitudes. Drawing on original data from a 2013 representative telephone survey of Saskatchewan residents, this paper considers the extent to which knowledge and trust influence support for nuclear developments. Saskatchewan provides an interesting case study: while the province has a robust uranium mining industry, there are no nuclear power facilities, and the potential development of nuclear energy and nuclear fuel waste storage has been a source of spirited public debate. The study's results have implications for public education and policy initiatives regarding nuclear power developments. (author)

Nuclear knowledge, trust and public acceptance of nuclear developments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berdahl, A.L.; Bell, B.S.; Bourassa, C.M.; Fried, D.J.

2014-01-01

While nuclear sector activities remain contentious public issues, studies suggest that knowledge levels and trust in nuclear actors can influence public attitudes. Drawing on original data from a 2013 representative telephone survey of Saskatchewan residents, this paper considers the extent to which knowledge and trust influence support for nuclear developments. Saskatchewan provides an interesting case study: while the province has a robust uranium mining industry, there are no nuclear power facilities, and the potential development of nuclear energy and nuclear fuel waste storage has been a source of spirited public debate. The study's results have implications for public education and policy initiatives regarding nuclear power developments. (author)

Nuclear energy and the nuclear industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chester, K.

1982-01-01

In order to make a real contribution to the nuclear energy debate (is nuclear energy the limitless solution to man's energy problems or the path to man's destruction) people must be aware of the facts. The Science Reference Library (SRL) has a collection of the primary sources of information on nuclear energy - especially journals. This guideline aims to draw attention to the up-to-date literature on nuclear energy and its technology, freely available for consultation in the main Holborn reading room. After explanations of where to look for particular types of information and the SRL classification, the booklet gives lists and brief notes on the sources held. These are abstracting and indexing periodicals and periodicals. Reports, conference proceedings, patents, bibliographies, directories, year-books and buyer's guides are covered very briefly but not listed. Nuclear reactor data and organisations are also listed with brief details of each. (U.K.)

Nuclear Liability and Insurance for nuclear Damage in Switzerland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reitsma, S. M. S.

1998-01-01

With nuclear power generating 43% of its total electricity production, Switzerland is amongst the states, employing the highest percentage of nuclear electricity. Although, the country has not ratified any of the international Nuclear Liability Conventions, its Nuclear Third Party Liability Act reflects all the principles, underlying those Conventions. The statutory liability of the operator of a Swiss nuclear installation itself being unlimited, the total insurance limit of CHF 770 m. provides the highest private insurance protection worldwide. With the support of its foreign Reinsurance Pools, the capacity for this insurance guarantee has, over more than 40 years, been built up by the Swiss Nuclear Insurance Pool. Apart from Third Party Liability cover, the Pool also provides Property insurance to Swiss nuclear installation operators and reinsurance cover to other nuclear insurers worldwide. (author)

The World Nuclear University: New partnership in nuclear education

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-07-01

The important role which the IAEA plays in assisting Member States in the preservation and enhancement of nuclear knowledge and in facilitating international collaboration in this area has been recognized by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency in resolutions GC(46)/RES/11B, GC(47)/RES/10B, GC(48)/RES/13 and GC(50)/RES/13. A continued focus of IAEA activities in managing nuclear knowledge is to support Member States to secure and sustain human resources for the nuclear sector, comprising both the replacement of retiring staff and building of new capacity. The IAEA assists Member States, particularly developing ones, in their efforts to sustain nuclear education and training in all areas of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, which is a necessary prerequisite for succession planning, in particular through the networking of nuclear education and training, including activities of the World Nuclear University (WNU) and the Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT). The report on the attached CD-ROM, The World Nuclear University: New Partnership in Nuclear Education, gives an overview of the history of the development of the World Nuclear University and related IAEA activities and contains an analysis and recommendations from the first WNU Summer Institute, held in 2005 in the USA

Emergency response and nuclear risk governance. Nuclear safety at nuclear power plant accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhlen, Johannes

2014-01-01

The present study entitled ''Emergency Response and Nuclear Risk Governance: nuclear safety at nuclear power plant accidents'' deals with issues of the protection of the population and the environment against hazardous radiation (the hazards of nuclear energy) and the harmful effects of radioactivity during nuclear power plant accidents. The aim of this study is to contribute to both the identification and remediation of shortcomings and deficits in the management of severe nuclear accidents like those that occurred at Chernobyl in 1986 and at Fukushima in 2011 as well as to the improvement and harmonization of plans and measures taken on an international level in nuclear emergency management. This thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on embedding the subject in a specifically global governance concept, which includes, as far as Nuclear Risk Governance is concerned, the global governance of nuclear risks. Due to their characteristic features the following governance concepts can be assigned to these risks: Nuclear Safety Governance is related to safety, Nuclear Security Governance to security and NonProliferation Governance to safeguards. The subject of investigation of the present study is as a special case of the Nuclear Safety Governance, the Nuclear Emergency governance, which refers to off-site emergency response. The global impact of nuclear accidents and the concepts of security, safety culture and residual risk are contemplated in this context. The findings (accident sequences, their consequences and implications) from the analyses of two reactor accidents prior to Fukushima (Three Mile Iceland in 1979, Chernobyl in 1986) are examined from a historical analytical perspective and the state of the Nuclear Emergency governance and international cooperation aimed at improving nuclear safety after Chernobyl is portrayed by discussing, among other topics, examples of &apos

Nuclear physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamal, Anwar

2014-01-01

Explains the concepts in detail and in depth. Provides step-by-step derivations. Contains numerous tables and diagrams. Supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Sketches also the historical development of the subject. This textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov's theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.

Nuclear security - New challenge to the safety of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Ganjie

2008-01-01

The safety of nuclear power plants involves two aspects: one is to prevent nuclear accidents resulted from systems and equipments failure or human errors; the other is to refrain nuclear accidents from external intended attack. From this point of view, nuclear security is an organic part of the nuclear safety of power plants since they have basically the same goals and concrete measures with each other. In order to prevent malicious attacks; the concept of physical protection of nuclear facilities has been put forward. In many years, a series of codes and regulations as well as technical standard systems on physical protection had been developed at international level. The United Nations passed No. 1540 resolution as well as 'Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear terrorism', and revised 'Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials', which has enhanced a higher level capacity of preparedness by international community to deal with security issues of nuclear facilities. In China, in order to improve the capability of nuclear power plants on preventing and suppressing the external attacks, the Chinese government consecutively developed the related codes and standards as well as technical documents based on the existing laws and regulations, including 'Guide for the Nuclear Security of Nuclear Power Plants' and 'Guide for the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials', so as to upgrade the legislative requirements for nuclear security in power plants. The government also made greater efforts to support the scientific research and staff training on physical protection, and satisfying the physical protection standards for newly-built nuclear facilities such as large scale nuclear power plants to meet requirement at international level. At the same time old facilities were renovated and the Chinese government established a nuclear emergency preparedness coordination mechanism, developed corresponding emergency preparedness plans, intensified the

South Africa's SAFARI From nuclear weapons to nuclear medicine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of nuclear energy for peaceful uses, such as power generation and nuclear ... Building on its nuclear expertise, South Africa has become one of the world's ... By converting its nuclear reactor, SAFARI-1, to produce and supply medical ...

Nuclear knowledge management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

The management of nuclear knowledge has emerged as a growing challenge in recent years. The need to preserve and transfer nuclear knowledge is compounded by recent trends such as ageing of the nuclear workforce, declining student numbers in nuclear-related fields, and the threat of losing accumulated nuclear knowledge. Addressing these challenges, the IAEA promotes a 'knowledge management culture' through: - Providing guidance for policy formulation and implementation of nuclear knowledge management; - Strengthening the contribution of nuclear knowledge in solving development problems, based on needs and priorities of Member States; - Pooling, analysing and sharing nuclear information to facilitate knowledge creation and its utilization; - Implementing effective knowledge management systems; - Preserving and maintaining nuclear knowledge; - Securing sustainable human resources for the nuclear sector; and - Enhancing nuclear education and training

Nuclear Power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Douglas-Hamilton, J.; Home Robertson, J.; Beith, A.J.

1987-01-01

In this debate the Government's policy on nuclear power is discussed. Government policy is that nuclear power is the safest and cleanest way of generating electricity and is cheap. Other political parties who do not endorse a nuclear energy policy are considered not to be acting in the people's best interests. The debate ranged over the risks from nuclear power, the UK safety record, safety regulations, and the environmental effects of nuclear power. The Torness nuclear power plant was mentioned specifically. The energy policy of the opposition parties is strongly criticised. The debate lasted just over an hour and is reported verbatim. (UK)

Nuclear power generation and nuclear nonproliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walske, C.

1978-01-01

In the future outlook around year 2000 of nuclear power, thought must be given to fuel reprocessing and plutonium utilization. The adverse utilization of plutonium may be prevented by the means balanced with its economical value. As the method of less cost with lower effect of nonproliferation, combination of fuel reprocessing and fuel fabrication facilities and mixed plutonium/uranium processing are possible. As the method of more cost with higher effect of nonproliferation the maintenance of high radioactivity and inaccessibility of plutonium is conceivable. As for the agreeable methods in 2000, seven principles may be mentioned, such as the dependence upon the agreements among major nations and upon nuclear exporting countries. These are still inadequate, however. What is important is to provide with the sufficient safeguards to countries concerned to negate the need for nuclear weapons. Efforts are then necessary for leading nuclear countries to extend aids to other nuclear-oriented countries. (Mori, K.)

Nuclear Safety Regulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novosel, N.; Prah, M.

2008-01-01

Beside new Ordinance on the control of nuclear material and special equipment ('Official Gazette' No. 15/08), from 2006 State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) adopted Ordinance on performing nuclear activities ('Official Gazette' No. 74/06) and Ordinance on special requirements which expert organizations must fulfil in order to perform certain activities in the field of nuclear safety ('Official Gazette' No. 74/06), based on Nuclear Safety Act ('Official Gazette' No. 173/03). The Ordinance on performing nuclear activities regulates the procedure of notification of the intent to perform nuclear activities, submitting the application for the issue of a licence to perform nuclear activities, and the procedure for issuing decisions on granting a licence to perform a nuclear activity. The Ordinance also regulates the content of the forms for notification of the intent to perform nuclear activities, as well as of the application for the issue of a licence to perform the nuclear activity and the method of keeping the register of nuclear activities. According to the Nuclear Safety Act, nuclear activities are the production, processing, use, storage, disposal, transport, import, export, possession or other handling of nuclear material or specified equipment. The Ordinance on special requirements which expert organizations must fulfil in order to perform certain activities in the field of nuclear safety regulates these mentioned conditions, whereas compliance is established by a decision passed by the SONS. Special requirements which expert organizations must fulfil in order to perform certain activities in the field of nuclear safety are organizational, technical, technological conditions and established system of quality assurance. In 2007, State Office for Nuclear Safety finalized the text of new Ordinance on conditions for nuclear safety and protection with regard to the siting, design, construction, use and decommissioning of a facility in which a nuclear activity is

Nuclear resisters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

The booklet contains six papers by different authors, under the headings: dangers along the nuclear fuel cycle; the nuclear profiteers; the nuclear state is a police state; a non-disposable future (renewable energy sources, energy conservation); nuclear weapons - out of control; man made madness. (U.K.)

On Markov processes in the hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear collisions at superhigh energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lebedeva, A.A.; Rus'kin, V.I.

2001-01-01

In the article the possibility of the Markov processes use as simulation method for mean characteristics of hadron-nuclear and nucleus-nuclear collisions at superhigh energies is discussed. The simple (hadron-nuclear collisions) and non-simple (nucleus-nuclear collisions) non-uniform Markov process of output constant spectrum and absorption in a nucleon's nucleus-target with rapidity y are considered. The expression allowing to simulate the different collision modes were obtained

Nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

Data concerning the existing nuclear power plants in the world are presented. The data was retrieved from the SIEN (Nuclear and Energetic Information System) data bank. The information are organized in table forms as follows: nuclear plants, its status and type; installed nuclear power plants by country; nuclear power plants under construction by country; planned nuclear power plants by country; cancelled nuclear power plants by country; shut-down nuclear power plants by country. (E.G.) [pt

Nuclear energy: considerations about nuclear trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goes Fischer, M.D. de.

1988-01-01

A general view of historical aspects of nuclear energy and the arrangements to assure its use for peaceful purposes are presented. Then the internal character of nuclear energy in a juride context is demonstrated; some consideration about the international organizations and conventions and the Brazilian Legislation in the nuclear area are examined. It also deals with the political aspects of nuclear trade and the function of IAEA in this are. Furthermore the restrictions imposed by Non-Proliferation Treaty-NPT, the objectures of the Tlatelolco Treaty and ''London Club'' guidelines. Afterwards the bilateral cooperation under taken by countries and its agreements are discussed. Besides some aspects of agreements made between United States, France Germany and Brazil are discussed [pt

International Youth Nuclear Congress 2000: Youth, Future, Nuclear. Transactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-04-01

The publication has been set up as abstracts of the meeting dealing with different nuclear problems. In the work of the International Youth Nuclear Congress 2000 participated more than 200 young scientific works from 28 countries. The address discusses the following issues: Nuclear education and transfer of know-how; Nuclear technology; Political aspects; Environment and safety; Communication and public perception; Economics; Nuclear programs and technical cooperation; Fuel Cycle Challenges

International Youth Nuclear Congress 2000: Youth, Future, Nuclear. Transactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-04-01

The publication has been set up as abstracts of the meeting dealing with different nuclear problems. In the work of the International Youth Nuclear Congress 2000 participated more than 200 young scientific works from 28 countries. The address discusses the following issues: Nuclear education and transfer of know-how; Nuclear technology; Political aspects; Environment and safety; Communication and public perception; Economics; Nuclear programs and technical cooperation; Fuel Cycle Challenges.

Change of nuclear reactor installation in the first nuclear ship of Japan Nuclear Ship Development Agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

The written application concerning the change of nuclear reactor installation in the first nuclear ship was presented from the JNSDA to the prime minister on January 10, 1979. The contents of the change are the repair of the primary and secondary shields of the reactor, the additional installation of a storage tank for liquid wastes, and the extension of the period to stop the reactor in cold state. The inquiry from the prime minister to the Nuclear Safety Commission was made on June 9, 1979, through the examination of safety in the Nuclear Safety Bureau, Science and Technology Agency. The Nuclear Safety Commission instructed to the Committee for the Examination of Nuclear Reactor Safety on June 11, 1979, about the application of criteria stipulated in the law. The relevant letters and the drafts of examination papers concerning the technical capability and the safety in case of the change of nuclear reactor installation in the first nuclear ship are cited. The JNSDA and Sasebo Heavy Industries, Ltd. seem to have the sufficient technical capability to carry out this change. As the result of examination, it is recognized that the application presented by the JNSDA is in compliance with the criteria stipulated in the law concerning the regulation of nuclear raw materials, nuclear fuel materials and nuclear reactors. (Kako, I.)

Determinación de biflavonoides en diferentes partes de la especie Garcinia bakeriana (Urb Borhidi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmed Al-Shaghdari

Full Text Available Introducción: el género Garcinia produce una gran variedad de metabolitos secundarios representados por xantonas, acilfloroglucinoles y biflavonoides fundamentalmente. Sin embargo, existe muy poca información sobre la composición química de las especies cubanas pertenecientes a este género. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de 11 biflavonoides en las hojas, la corteza del tallo y el látex de Garcinia bakeriana (Urb Borhidi. Métodos : los extractos de las hojas, látex y la corteza del tallo de G. bakeriana fueron comparados empleando un método de cromatografía líquida de ultra alta eficacia (CLUAE y 11 biflavonoides como sustancias de referencia. Resultados: los biflavonoides GB-1A, GB-2A, glicósido de GB-2A, glicósido de morelloflavona, 4´´´metoxi- I3,II8-biapigenina, I3,II8-biapigenina, amentoflavona y 4´´´-metoxiamentoflavona fueron detectados como constituyentes de las hojas y la corteza del tallo de G. bakeriana. Conclusiones: la especie G. bakeriana presenta biflavonoides como constituyentes de las hojas y la corteza del tallo. Además, la metodología de trabajo desarrollada contribuye al conocimiento de la composición química de la flora cubana y podría constituir una alternativa, rápida y de bajo consumo de disolventes, para el estudio comparativo de especies endémicas cubanas de escasa distribución y abundancia.

Nuclear security and challenges at nuclear power plants. Part 1. Basis of nuclear security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demachi, Kazuyuki

2017-01-01

The tsunami that occurred in March 2011 associated with the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake hit TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F). The 1F got into station blackout situation, and fell into reactor core meltdown due to inability of cooling down the reactor, eventually leading to the emission accident of radioactive substances over a wide range into the atmosphere, soil, seawater and the like. Through various media such as newspapers, TVs, and the Internet after the accident, important facilities for safety were explained with illustrations. Some of them included the contents that can suggest the causes that trigger the same accident as the 1F accident. It is an urgent task to strengthen security against the terrorism aimed at nuclear power facilities including nuclear power plants, and its realization is a serious problem in each country. This paper summarized nuclear security issues and solutions including explanation on the circumstances of the threat increase of nuclear terrorism that had begun before the 1F accident. The recent nuclear security summit reaffirmed that nuclear security is the basic responsibility of each country, and also reaffirmed the responsibility and importance of IAEA for international cooperation. This paper explains the definition of nuclear security, threat of terrorism, and the contents of the IAEA Nuclear Security Series (NSS), and points out that NSS is considered as the basis among basis that all the countries should share. (A.O.)

Nuclear analytical chemistry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brune, D.; Forkman, B.; Persson, B.

1984-01-01

This book covers the general theories and techniques of nuclear chemical analysis, directed at applications in analytical chemistry, nuclear medicine, radiophysics, agriculture, environmental sciences, geological exploration, industrial process control, etc. The main principles of nuclear physics and nuclear detection on which the analysis is based are briefly outlined. An attempt is made to emphasise the fundamentals of activation analysis, detection and activation methods, as well as their applications. The book provides guidance in analytical chemistry, agriculture, environmental and biomedical sciences, etc. The contents include: the nuclear periodic system; nuclear decay; nuclear reactions; nuclear radiation sources; interaction of radiation with matter; principles of radiation detectors; nuclear electronics; statistical methods and spectral analysis; methods of radiation detection; neutron activation analysis; charged particle activation analysis; photon activation analysis; sample preparation and chemical separation; nuclear chemical analysis in biological and medical research; the use of nuclear chemical analysis in the field of criminology; nuclear chemical analysis in environmental sciences, geology and mineral exploration; and radiation protection.

Nuclear analytical chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brune, D.; Forkman, B.; Persson, B.

1984-01-01

This book covers the general theories and techniques of nuclear chemical analysis, directed at applications in analytical chemistry, nuclear medicine, radiophysics, agriculture, environmental sciences, geological exploration, industrial process control, etc. The main principles of nuclear physics and nuclear detection on which the analysis is based are briefly outlined. An attempt is made to emphasise the fundamentals of activation analysis, detection and activation methods, as well as their applications. The book provides guidance in analytical chemistry, agriculture, environmental and biomedical sciences, etc. The contents include: the nuclear periodic system; nuclear decay; nuclear reactions; nuclear radiation sources; interaction of radiation with matter; principles of radiation detectors; nuclear electronics; statistical methods and spectral analysis; methods of radiation detection; neutron activation analysis; charged particle activation analysis; photon activation analysis; sample preparation and chemical separation; nuclear chemical analysis in biological and medical research; the use of nuclear chemical analysis in the field of criminology; nuclear chemical analysis in environmental sciences, geology and mineral exploration; and radiation protection

Iran's nuclear program - for power generation or nuclear weapons?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kippe, Halvor

2008-11-01

This report addresses the development of a nuclear infrastructure in Iran, and assessments are made on the near-term potential this infrastructure might yield of either nuclear power or nuclear arms production. The most significant facilities are treated in a more elaborate fashion, as these are assumed to have key roles in either a true civilian programme, or in the prospect of weapons-grade fissile material production. The future potential capacity for the latter is calculated under certain presumptions, both in the case that Iran focuses its efforts on uranium-based nuclear weapons, and in the case that it should choose the plutonium path to nuclear weapons. All the conclusions and findings in this report are based on technological considerations. This means that social or political assessments have not prevailed, rather the picture of Iran's nuclear programme is drawn through descriptions and assessments of facilities and systems, and their role in the bigger context. Definite conclusions have not been made as to whether Iran's nuclear programme currently is aimed towards nuclear arms or nuclear power. The secrecy surrounding some of the most prominent nuclear sites together with more or less credible allegations of purely weapons-related activities in the past, make it hard not to conclude that Iran until the disclosures in 2002 made as great an effort as it could on its way on developing nuclear weapons covertly. The scope of today's nuclear programme seems, on the other hand, most likely to be in part to help relieve the ever-increasing need for energy, although considerable deficits to this strategy are identified, at the same time as the Iranian people are united in a giant, high-prestige project in defiance of massive international pressure. Adding to this is a much-feared ability to rapidly being able to redirect their nuclear efforts, and develop nuclear arms in perhaps as little as one year. This so-called break-out scenario, where Iran presumably

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2011

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Oelgaard, P.L.; Aage, H.K.; Kampmann, D.; Nystrup, P.E.; Thomsen, J.

2012-07-01

The report is the ninth report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe DTU and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2011 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development, safety related events, international relations and conflicts, and the Fukushima accident. (LN)

Nuclear data for nuclear reactor analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pearlstein, S.

1984-01-01

A discussion of nuclear data is presented emphasizing to what extent data are known and to what accuracy. The principal data of interest is that for neutron cross-sections. The changing status of data, evaluated nuclear data files and data validation and improvement are described. Although the discussion relates to nuclear data for reactor analysis may of the results also apply to fusion, accelerator, shielding, biomedical, space and defense studies. (U.K.)

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Oelgaard, P.L.; Kampmann, D.; Nystrup, P.E.; Thorlaksen, B.

2010-05-01

The report is the seventh report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is written in collaboration between Risoe DTU and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2009 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development, safety related events, international relations, conflicts and the European safety directive. (LN)

Nuclear Security for Floating Nuclear Power Plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skiba, James M. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Scherer, Carolynn P. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2015-10-13

Recently there has been a lot of interest in small modular reactors. A specific type of these small modular reactors (SMR,) are marine based power plants called floating nuclear power plants (FNPP). These FNPPs are typically built by countries with extensive knowledge of nuclear energy, such as Russia, France, China and the US. These FNPPs are built in one country and then sent to countries in need of power and/or seawater desalination. Fifteen countries have expressed interest in acquiring such power stations. Some designs for such power stations are briefly summarized. Several different avenues for cooperation in FNPP technology are proposed, including IAEA nuclear security (i.e. safeguards), multilateral or bilateral agreements, and working with Russian design that incorporates nuclear safeguards for IAEA inspections in non-nuclear weapons states

Nuclear science in the 20th century. Nuclear agricultural science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jun; Xu Furong; Zheng Chunkai

2003-01-01

Nuclear science and technology have been successfully applied to many subjects, nuclear agriculture being one of the most important applications. We present a general review of the applications of nuclear radiation and nuclear tracer techniques in agriculture. The development of nuclear agriculture in China is also reviewed briefly

18 CFR 1316.9 - Nuclear energy hazards and nuclear incidents.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Nuclear energy hazards... Text of Conditions and Certifications § 1316.9 Nuclear energy hazards and nuclear incidents. When so... documents or actions: Nuclear Energy Hazards and Nuclear Incidents (Applicable only to contracts for goods...

Themes in nuclear law; Temas de Derecho Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

The nuclear law was analyzed during a workshop. The main aspects were: the law of population to access to information on nuclear energy and the relationship between the Regulator Organism and the nuclear power plants managers.

Combating nuclear terrorism in India: preventive nuclear forensic perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raghav, N.K.; Lad, J.S.; Deshmukh, A.V.; Jagtap, S.S.

2014-01-01

Nuclear terrorism is constant threat to India by many terrorist organization and neighboring country. These organizations are directly or indirectly aided with nuclear material by terrorism supporting country. Such organization has a significant potential source for acquiring nuclear and other radioactive material. Possibility of leakage is widely feared because of the deteriorating law and order condition, great spur of nuclear proliferation after the cold war and disintegration of USSR. Terrorist could gain access to Nuclear and radioactive material and smuggle to India through porous borders. Preventive forensic approach in screening and searching nuclear and radioactive material will play cardinal role to prevent nuclear disaster happening in India. Future plans could be extracted from terrorists through their narco-tests, brain fingerprinting and a data base on this could be prepared, which could later be used to help prevent any attacks. In present paper authors strongly recommend setting up Preventive Forensic Units in India so that any internal or external nuclear attack could be aborted. (author)

Historical civilian nuclear accident based Nuclear Reactor Condition Analyzer

Science.gov (United States)

McCoy, Kaylyn Marie

There are significant challenges to successfully monitoring multiple processes within a nuclear reactor facility. The evidence for this observation can be seen in the historical civilian nuclear incidents that have occurred with similar initiating conditions and sequences of events. Because there is a current lack within the nuclear industry, with regards to the monitoring of internal sensors across multiple processes for patterns of failure, this study has developed a program that is directed at accomplishing that charge through an innovation that monitors these systems simultaneously. The inclusion of digital sensor technology within the nuclear industry has appreciably increased computer systems' capabilities to manipulate sensor signals, thus making the satisfaction of these monitoring challenges possible. One such manipulation to signal data has been explored in this study. The Nuclear Reactor Condition Analyzer (NRCA) program that has been developed for this research, with the assistance of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Graduate Fellowship, utilizes one-norm distance and kernel weighting equations to normalize all nuclear reactor parameters under the program's analysis. This normalization allows the program to set more consistent parameter value thresholds for a more simplified approach to analyzing the condition of the nuclear reactor under its scrutiny. The product of this research provides a means for the nuclear industry to implement a safety and monitoring program that can oversee the system parameters of a nuclear power reactor facility, like that of a nuclear power plant.

Nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

This digest document was written by members of the union of associations of ex-members and retired people of the Areva group (UARGA). It gives a comprehensive overview of the nuclear industry world, starting from radioactivity and its applications, and going on with the fuel cycle (front-end, back-end, fuel reprocessing, transports), the nuclear reactors (PWR, BWR, Candu, HTR, generation 4 systems), the effluents from nuclear facilities, the nuclear wastes (processing, disposal), and the management and safety of nuclear activities. (J.S.)

El mantenimiento a los transformadores de potencia; su análisis en el caso de una Central termoeléctrica cubana; Maintenance of power transformers; its analysis in the case of a Cuban thermal power station

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Juan Montané García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo está dirigido a la exposición del proceso de mantenimiento a los transformadores de potencia, el mantenimiento preventivo, las normativas de mantenimiento y las pruebas a transformadores de potencia, el mantenimiento predictivo, el análisis de gases disueltos en el aceite de transformadores, las condiciones de los transformadores según este análisis, las más importantes características del aislamiento de celulosa de los transformadores de potencia y la necesidad de complementar el análisis de gases disueltos con el análisis de derivados furánicos en el aceite para evaluar la disminución del grado de polimerización del aislamiento de celulosa, los índices de clase mundial del proceso de mantenimiento a transformadores de potencia y su cálculo para el caso de una central termoeléctrica cubana y el análisis del proceso utilizando la Distribución de Weibull, ofreciéndose recomendaciones para mejorar este proceso de mantenimiento.    The authors write about the process of power transformers maintenance, the preventive maintenance, the maintenance standards and the tests of power transformers, the predicative maintenance, the analysis of dissolved gas in the transformers oil, the conditions of transformers in accordance with this analysis, the most important characteristics of the cellulose insulation of power transformers and the necessity to complement the dissolved gas analysis with the analysis of furan byproducts in the transformers oil in order to assess the reduction of the degree of polymerization of the cellulose insulation, the world class indicators of the process of power transformers maintenance and its calculation in the case of one of the Cuban steam power plants and the assess of this process using the Weibull distribution; at the end, authors give recommendations to improve the process of power transformers maintenance.

El mantenimiento a los transformadores de potencia; su análisis en el caso de una Central termoeléctrica cubana;Maintenance of power transformers; its analysis in the case of a Cuban thermal power station

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Juan Montané - García,et al.

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo está dirigido a la exposición del proceso de mantenimiento a los transformadores de potencia, el mantenimiento preventivo, las normativas de mantenimiento y las pruebas a transformadores de potencia, el mantenimiento predictivo, el análisis de gases disueltos en el aceite de transformadores, las condiciones de los transformadores según este análisis, las más importantes características del aislamiento de celulosa de los transformadores de potencia y la necesidad de complementar el análisis de gases disueltos con el análisis de derivados furánicos en el aceite para evaluar la disminución del grado de polimerización del aislamiento de celulosa, los índices de clase mundial del proceso de mantenimiento a transformadores de potencia y su cálculo para el caso de una central termoeléctrica cubana y el análisis del proceso utilizando la Distribución de Weibull, ofreciéndose recomendaciones para mejorar este proceso de mantenimiento.The authors write about the process of power transformers maintenance, the preventive maintenance, the maintenance standards and the tests of power transformers, the predicative maintenance, the analysis of dissolved gas in the transformers oil, the conditions of transformers in accordance with this analysis, the most important characteristics of the cellulose insulation of power transformers and the necessity to complement the dissolved gas analysis with the analysis of furan byproducts in the transformers oil in order to assess the reduction of the degree of polymerization of the cellulose insulation, the world class indicators of the process of power transformers maintenance and its calculation in the case of one of the Cuban steam power plants and the assess of this process using the Weibull distribution; at the end, authors give recommendations to improve the process of power transformers maintenance.

Nuclear chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vertes, A.; Kiss, I.

1987-01-01

This book is an introduction to the application of nuclear science in modern chemistry. The first group of chapters discuss the basic phenomena and concepts of nuclear physics with emphasis on their relation to chemical problems, including the main properties and the composition of atomic nuclei, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay and interactions of radiation with matter. These chapters provide the basis for understanding the following chapters which encompass the wide scope of nuclear chemistry. The methods of the investigation of chemical structure based on the interaction of nuclear radiation with matter including positronium chemistry and other exotic atoms is elaborated in particular detail. Separate chapters are devoted to the use of radioactive tracers, the chemical consequences of nuclear processes (i.e. hot atom chemistry), radiation chemistry, isotope effects and their applications, and the operation of nuclear reactors

Nuclear chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vertes, A.; Kiss, I.

1987-01-01

This book is an introduction to the application of nuclear science in modern chemistry. The first group of chapters discuss the basic phenomena and concepts of nuclear physics with emphasis on their relation to chemical problems, including the main properties and the composition of atomic nuclei, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay and interactions of radiation with matter. These chapters provide the basis for understanding the following chapters which encompass the wide scope of nuclear chemistry. The methods of the investigation of chemical structure based on the interaction of nuclear radiation with matter including positronium chemistry and other exotic atoms is elaborated in particular detail. Separate chapters are devoted to the use of radioactive tracers, the chemical consequences of nuclear processes (i.e. hot atom chemistry), radiation chemistry, isotope effects and their applications, and the operation of nuclear reactors. (Auth.)

Nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1980-01-01

The committee concludes that the nature of the proliferation problem is such that even stopping nuclear power completely could not stop proliferation completely. Countries can acquire nuclear weapons by means independent of commercial nuclear power. It is reasonable to suppose if a country is strongly motivated to acquire nuclear weapons, it will have them by 2010, or soon thereafter, no matter how nuclear power is managed in the meantime. Unilateral and international diplomatic measures to reduce the motivations that lead to proliferation should be high on the foreign policy agenda of the United States. A mimimum antiproliferation prescription for the management of nuclear power is to try to raise the political barriers against proliferation through misuse of nuclear power by strengthening the Non-Proliferation Treaty, and to seek to raise the technological barriers by placing fuel-cycle operations involving weapons-usable material under international control. Any such measures should be considered tactics to slow the spread of nuclear weapons and thus earn time for the exercise of statesmanship. The committee concludes the following about technical factors that should be considered in formulating nuclear policy: (1) rate of growth of electricity use is a primary factor; (2) growth of conventional nuclear power will be limited by producibility of domestic uranium sources; (3) greater contribution of nuclear power beyond 400 GWe past the year 2000 can only be supported by advanced reactor systems; and (4) several different breeder reactors could serve in principle as candidates for an indefinitely sustainable source of energy

Inseparable twins: nuclear bomb fuel and nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruff, T.; University of Melbourne, Melbourne

2006-01-01

The spread of nuclear power increases the number of nations and organisations with opportunities to make nuclear weapons or buy or steal the materials to make them. Global warming demands real solutions, not nuclear diversions and dangers.

International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN): Promoting nuclear security education

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muhamad Samudi Yasir

2013-01-01

Full-text: The need for human resource development programmes in nuclear security was underlined at several International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) General Conferences and Board of Governors Meetings. Successive IAEA Nuclear Security Plans, the most recent of which was agreed by the Board of Governors in September 2009, give high priority to assisting States in establishing educational programmes in nuclear security in order to ensure the sustainability of nuclear security improvements. The current Nuclear Security Plan 1 covering 2010-2013 emphasizes on the importance of considering existing capacities at international, regional and national levels while designing nuclear security academic programmes. In the course of implementing the Plan, the IAEA developed a guide entitled Educational Programme in Nuclear Security (IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 12) that consists of a model of a MAster of Science (M.Sc.) and a Certificate Programme in Nuclear Security. This guide was aims at assisting universities or other educational institutes to developed academic programmes in nuclear security. Independently, some universities already offered academic programmes covering some areas of nuclear security, while other universities have asked the IAEA to support the implementation of these programmes. In order to better address current and future request for assistance in this area, the IAEA establish a collaboration network-International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN), among universities who are providing nuclear security education or who are interested in starting an academic programme/ course(s) in nuclear security. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is a first local university became a member of INSEN since the beginning of the establishment. (author)

The separation of nuclear power from nuclear proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Starr, C.

1979-01-01

There exists world wide a strong common desire to limit nuclear weapons proliferation so as to inhibit or remove the threat of nuclear warfare. While this is a primary international political objective, there has also developed a secondary objective to limit any potential contribution to such nuclear weapons proliferation which might arise by the diversion of weapons material from the civilian nuclear power fuel cycle. This secondary objective is the basis of the present US government policy to defer the reprocessing of nuclear fuels anywhere. This policy has been generally recognized as a temporary expedient to provide time for international reexamination of the problems of weapons proliferation associated with nuclear power. A successful development of the proposed combination of the Fast Breeder Reactor and the Civex fuel reprocessing facility would provide an economical nuclear power source for many centuries which inherently separates nuclear power from the issue of weapons material diversion and proliferation. Further, by so doing, it permits great flexibility in international and national planning for nuclear power, as the issues of fuel dependence and terrorist and subnational diversions disappear. In addition, the expansion of the FBR/Civex system would eat into the LWR spent fuel stockpile, diminishing steadily this relatively accessible plutonium source. And finally, a rapid development of the FBR/Civex for the above reasons would substantially reduce the worldwide concern as to the adequacy of uranium ore supply. (Auth.)

General Nuclear Medicine

Science.gov (United States)

... Resources Professions Site Index A-Z General Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine imaging uses small amounts of radioactive ... of General Nuclear Medicine? What is General Nuclear Medicine? Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging ...

Introducing nuclear power into currently non-nuclear states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Claassen, Gert

2007-01-01

As the nuclear renaissance gains momentum, many countries that currently have no nuclear power plants will begin to consider introducing them. It is anticipated that smaller reactors such as the Pebble Bed Modulator Reactor (PBMR) will not only be sold to current nuclear states to also to states where there is currently no nuclear experience. A range of issues would have to be considered for nuclear plants to be solid to non-nuclear states, such as the appropriate regulatory environment, standardization and codes, non-proliferation, security of supply, obtaining experienced merchant operators, appropriate financial structures and education and training. The paper considers nine major issues that need to be addressed by governments and vendors alike. International cooperation by organisations such as the IAEA, financial institutions and international suppliers will be required to ensure that developing countries as well as developed ones share the benefits of the nuclear renaissance. The opportunities that the nuclear industry affords to develop local skills, create job opportunities and to develop local manufacturing industries are among the important reasons that the South African Government has decided to support and fund the development of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor project. These considerations are included in the paper. (author)

International conference: Features of nuclear excitation states and mechanisms of nuclear reactions. 51. Meeting on nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear structure. The book of abstracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

Results of the LI Meeting on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure are presented. Properties of excited states of atomic nuclei and mechanisms of nuclear reactions are considered. Studies on the theory of nucleus and fundamental interactions pertinent to experimental study of nuclei properties and mechanisms of nuclear reactions, technique and methods of experiment, application of nuclear-physical method, are provided [ru

Nuclear energy and the nuclear energy industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bromova, E.; Vargoncik, D.; Sovadina, M.

2013-01-01

A popular interactive multimedia publication on nuclear energy in Slovak. 'Nuclear energy and energy' is a modern electronic publication that through engaging interpretation, combined with a number of interactive elements, explains the basic principles and facts of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Operation of nuclear power plants, an important part of the energy resources of developed countries, is frequently discussed topic in different social groups. Especially important is truthful knowledgeability of the general public about the benefits of technical solutions, but also on the risks and safety measures throughout the nuclear industry. According to an online survey 'Nuclear energy and energy' is the most comprehensive electronic multimedia publication worldwide, dedicated to the popularization of nuclear energy. With easy to understand texts, interactive and rich collection of accessories stock it belongs to modern educational and informational titles of the present time. The basic explanatory text of the publication is accompanied by history and the present time of all Slovak nuclear installations, including stock photos. For readers are presented the various attractions legible for the interpretation, which help them in a visual way to make a more complete picture of the concerned issue. Each chapter ends with a test pad where the readers can test their knowledge. Whole explanatory text (72 multimedia pages, 81,000 words) is accompanied by a lot of stock of graphic materials. The publication also includes 336 photos in 60 thematic photo galleries, 45 stock charts and drawings, diagrams and interactive 31 videos and 3D models.

Nuclear power and nuclear safety 2012

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauritzen, B.; Nonboel, E.; Israelson, C.; Kampmann, D.; Nystrup, P.E.; Thomsen, J.

2013-11-01

The report is the tenth report in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power production, with special emphasis on safety issues and nuclear emergency preparedness. The report is prepared in collaboration between DTU Nutech and the Danish Emergency Management Agency. The report for 2012 covers the following topics: status of nuclear power production, regional trends, reactor development, safety related events, international relations and conflicts, and the results of the EU stress test. (LN)

Nuclear Law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiesbauer, Bruno

1978-01-01

This book is the first attempt of a comprehensive compilation of national Austrian Nuclear Law (Nuclear Liability Act; Radiation protection Act, Radiation Protection Ordinance, Security Control Act, Act on the uses of Nuclear Energy - Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Plant) and the most important international agreements to which Austria is a party. Furthermore, the book contains the most important Nuclear Liability Conventions to which Austria is not yet a party, but which are applicable in neighbouring; the Paris Convention served as a model for the national Nuclear Liability Act and may be used for its interpretation. The author has translated a number of international instruments into German, such as the Expose des Motifs of the Paris Convention. (NEA) [fr

Nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panait, A.

1994-01-01

This is a general report presenting the section VII entitled Nuclear Power of the National Conference on Energy (CNE '94) held in Neptun, Romania, on 13-16 June 1994. The problems addressed were those relating to electric power produced by nuclear power plant, to heat secondary generation, to quality assurance, to safety, etc. A special attention was paid to the commissioning of the first Romanian nuclear power unit, the Cernavoda-1 reactor of CANDU type. The communications were grouped in four subsections. These were: 1. Quality assurance, nuclear safety, and environmental protection; 2. Nuclear power plant, commissioning, and operation; 3. Nuclear power plant inspection, maintenance, and repairs, heavy water technology; 4. Public opinion education. There were 22 reports, altogether

Nuclear Energy Scientific, technical and social perspectives of nuclear-electrical conversion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suarez Antola, R.

2009-01-01

The book begins with a brief review of basic knowledge historic milestones, radiation physics, biological effects of radiation and radioprotection, and nuclear physics. Then, several subjects in nuclear reactor engineering and nuclear power plants are introduced: a brief description of nuclear reactors and systems in a nuclear power plant, neutron physics, thermal hydraulics (including the thermodynamics of the whole nuclear power plant), nuclear fuels and fuel cycles, dynamic and control of nuclear reactors and nuclear power plant, safety of nuclear reactors, operation of power plants, decisions related with a nuclear power station (including sitting, economic and financial aspects, risks and detriments assessment), and a brief survey of future technologies. In the last chapter, the book enters into other subjects (in part of a philosophical nature) that relate, from the standpoint of energy, social and environmental problems with political issues and current world views

Nuclear and radiological safety nuclear power nuclear fuel cycle and waste management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-05-01

This catalogue lists all sales publications of the International Atomic Energy Agency dealing with Nuclear and Radiological Safety, Nuclear Power and Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Management and issued during the period of 1995-1996. Most publications are in English. Proceedings of conferences, symposia and panels of experts may contain some papers in languages other than English (Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian or Spanish), but all these papers have abstracts in English

Nuclear science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

This fact sheet answers specific questions about the Department of Energy's possible acquisition and conversion of a partially completed commercial nuclear power plant to a nuclear materials production facility. The nuclear power plant is the Washington Nuclear Plant number sign 1 owned by the Washington Public Power Supply System and is located on DOE's Hanford Reservation near Richland, Washington

Nuclear science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-04-01

This report answers questions about the Department of Energy's possible acquisition and conversion of a partially completed commercial nuclear power plant to a nuclear materials production facility. The nuclear power plant is the Washington Nuclear Plant No.1 owned by the Washington Public Power Supply System and is located on DOE's Hanford Reservation near Richland, Washington

Nuclear measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schenkel, R.

2005-01-01

Nuclear measurements play a fundamental role in the development of nuclear technology and the assurance of its peaceful use. They are also required in many non-power nuclear applications such as in nuclear medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, etc. This presentation will show examples of most recent advances in measurement methodology or technology in the areas described below. The Generation IV International Forum has selected six innovative reactor systems as candidates for a next generation of sustainable, economic and safe nuclear energy systems. The choice of the best options relies heavily on the availability of accurate nuclear data that can only be obtained, in an international effort, using highly specialised facilities. Significant efforts are being directed towards the partitioning and transmutation of highly active nuclear waste. Different concepts involving fast reactors or accelerator-driven systems are being studied in view of their transmutation capabilities. State of the art equipment has been developed to assess basic properties of nuclear fuel at very high burn-up; some fine examples of this work will be shown. Physical and chemical methods play a crucial role in the detection and identification of radioisotopes used in various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. Radiation measurement techniques are used, for example, to monitor the quantities of uranium, plutonium and other actinide elements in fuel enrichment and reprocessing facilities. Another field of application of physical and chemical methods is the characterisation of nuclear material seized from illicit trafficking. Seized material has to be analysed in order to obtain clues on its origin and intended use and to prevent diversion of nuclear material from the same source in the future. A recent highlight in basic physics relates to nuclear fission and transmutation with high intensity lasers. Ultra-fast high intensity lasers can produce high energy (tens of MeV) photons through

Sunken nuclear submarines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eriksen, V.O.

1990-01-01

The increasing number of accidents with nuclear submarines is a worriment to the general public. Five nuclear submarines are resting on the bottom of the North Atlantic. Design information on nuclear propulsion plants for submarines is classified. The author describes a potential generic nuclear submarine propulsion plant. Design information from the civilian nuclear industry, nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear cargo vessels and nuclear propelled icebreakers are used for illustration of relevant problems. A survey is given of nuclear submarines. Factors influencing the accident risks and safety characteristics of nuclear submarines are considered, and potential accident scenarios are described. The fission product content of the nuclear plant can be estimated, '' source terms'' can be guessed and potential release rates can be judged. The mechanisms of dispersion in the oceans is reviewed and compared with the dumping of radioactive waste in the Atlantic and other known releases. 46 refs., 49 figs., 14 tabs

Nuclear reactions video (knowledge base on low energy nuclear physics)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zagrebaev, V.; Kozhin, A.

1999-01-01

The NRV (nuclear reactions video) is an open and permanently extended global system of management and graphical representation of nuclear data and video-graphic computer simulation of low energy nuclear dynamics. It consists of a complete and renewed nuclear database and well known theoretical models of low energy nuclear reactions altogether forming the 'low energy nuclear knowledge base'. The NRV solves two main problems: 1) fast and visualized obtaining and processing experimental data on nuclear structure and nuclear reactions; 2) possibility for any inexperienced user to analyze experimental data within reliable commonly used models of nuclear dynamics. The system is based on the realization of the following principal things: the net and code compatibility with the main existing nuclear databases; maximal simplicity in handling: extended menu, friendly graphical interface, hypertext description of the models, and so on; maximal visualization of input data, dynamics of studied processes and final results by means of real three-dimensional images, plots, tables and formulas and a three-dimensional animation. All the codes are composed as the real Windows applications and work under Windows 95/NT

Nuclear Forensics: Scientific Analysis Supporting Law Enforcement and Nuclear Security Investigations.

Science.gov (United States)

Keegan, Elizabeth; Kristo, Michael J; Toole, Kaitlyn; Kips, Ruth; Young, Emma

2016-02-02

Nuclear forensic science, or "nuclear forensic", aims to answer questions about nuclear material found outside of regulatory control. In this Feature, we provide a general overview of nuclear forensics, selecting examples of key "nuclear forensic signatures" which have allowed investigators to determine the identity of unknown nuclear material in real investigations.

Nuclear Symbiosis - A Means to Achieve Sustainable Nuclear Growth while Limiting the Spread of Sensitive Nuclear Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shropshire, David

2009-01-01

Global growth of nuclear energy in the 21st century is creating new challenges to limit the spread of nuclear technology without hindering adoption in countries now considering nuclear power. Independent nuclear states desire autonomy over energy choices and seek energy independence. However, this independence comes with high costs for development of new indigenous fuel cycle capabilities. Nuclear supplier states and expert groups have proposed fuel supply assurance mechanisms such as fuel take-back services, international enrichment services and fuel banks in exchange for recipient state concessions on the development of sensitive technologies. Nuclear states are slow to accept any concessions to their rights under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. To date, decisions not to develop indigenous fuel cycle capabilities have been driven primarily by economics. However, additional incentives may be required to offset a nuclear state's perceived loss of energy independence. This paper proposes alternative economic development incentives that could help countries decide to forgo development of sensitive nuclear technologies. The incentives are created through a nuclear-centered industrial complex with 'symbiotic' links to indigenous economic opportunities. This paper also describes a practical tool called the 'Nuclear Materials Exchange' for identifying these opportunities.

Nuclear Symbiosis - A Means to Achieve Sustainable Nuclear Growth while Limiting the Spread of Sensititive Nuclear Technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

David Shropshire

2009-09-01

Global growth of nuclear energy in the 21st century is creating new challenges to limit the spread of nuclear technology without hindering adoption in countries now considering nuclear power. Independent nuclear states desire autonomy over energy choices and seek energy independence. However, this independence comes with high costs for development of new indigenous fuel cycle capabilities. Nuclear supplier states and expert groups have proposed fuel supply assurance mechanisms such as fuel take-back services, international enrichment services and fuel banks in exchange for recipient state concessions on the development of sensitive technologies. Nuclear states are slow to accept any concessions to their rights under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. To date, decisions not to develop indigenous fuel cycle capabilities have been driven primarily by economics. However, additional incentives may be required to offset a nuclear state’s perceived loss of energy independence. This paper proposes alternative economic development incentives that could help countries decide to forgo development of sensitive nuclear technologies. The incentives are created through a nuclear-centered industrial complex with “symbiotic” links to indigenous economic opportunities. This paper also describes a practical tool called the “Nuclear Materials Exchange” for identifying these opportunities.

Nuclear energy and nuclear weapons proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

A summary of the report dispatched in the middle of 1978 by the Atlantic Council of United States, organized by North American citizens, is presented. The report considers the relation between the production of nucleoelectric energy and the capacity of proliferation of nuclear weapons. The factors which affect the grade of proliferation risk represented by the use of nuclear energy in the world comparing this risk with the proliferation risks independently of nuclear energy, are examined. (M.C.K.) [pt

Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Revision 5): Recommendations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2011-01-01

This publication, Revision 5 of Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225), is intended to provide guidance to States and their competent authorities on how to develop or enhance, implement and maintain a physical protection regime for nuclear material and nuclear facilities, through the establishment or improvement of their capabilities to implement legislative and regulatory programmes. The recommendations presented in this publication reflect a broad consensus among IAEA Member States on the requirements which should be met for the physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities.

Nuclear winter: Global consequences of multiple nuclear explosions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turco, R.P.; Toon, O.B.; Ackerman, T.P.; Pollack, J.B.; Sagan, C.

1984-01-01

Concern has been raised over the short- and long-term consequences of the dust, smoke, radioactivity, and toxic vapors that would be generated by a nuclear war. The discovery that dense clouds of soil particles may have played a major role in past mass extinctions of life on Earth has encouraged the reconsideration of nuclear war effects. These developments have led the authors to calculate, using new data and improved models, the potential global environmental effects of dust and smoke clouds (henceforth referred to as nuclear dust and smoke) generated in a nuclear war. They neglect the short-term effects of blast, fire, and radiation. Most of the world's population could probably survive the initial nuclear exchange and would inherit the postwar environment. Accordingly, the longer-term and global-scale aftereffects of nuclear war might prove to be as important as the immediate consequences of the war

Choosing nuclear engineering: A survey of nuclear engineering undergraduates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shillenn, J.K.; Klevans, E.H.

1988-01-01

Maintaining a reliable pool of qualified nuclear engineering graduates depends on the ability of nuclear engineering undergraduate programs to recruit students. With the prospect of declining enrollments in nuclear engineering it is important for nuclear engineering programs to know what factors influence students to choose nuclear engineering as an undergraduate major and why they choose a particular undergraduate program. This type of information can be very important to nuclear engineering programs that develop recruiting strategies. To provide some insight into this area, a questionnaire was designed and given to undergraduate nuclear engineering students at Pennsylvania State University. The purpose of the survey was to provide information on the reasons that students picked nuclear engineering as a career and chose to attend Penn State. The questionnaire was given to 27 students in their junior year during the spring semester of 1987 and again to 35 junior students during the spring semester of 1988. There was little difference except as noted between the two groups on their responses to the questionnaire. A partial listing of the survey results is provided

Nuclear option

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemm, K R

1978-05-01

The global outlook is that nuclear reactors are here to stay and South Africa has already entered the nuclear power stakes. This article discusses the rocketing oil prices, and the alternatives that can be used in power generation, the good safety record of the nuclear industry and the effect that South Africa's first nuclear power station should have on the environment.

Nuclear medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lentle, B.C.

1986-01-01

Several growth areas for nuclear medicine were defined. Among them were: cardiac nuclear medicine, neuro-psychiatric nuclear medicine, and cancer diagnosis through direct tumor imaging. A powerful new tool, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was lauded as the impetus for new developments in nuclear medicine. The political environment (funding, degree of autonomy) was discussed, as were the economic and scientific environments

High-Frequency Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in the Nuclear Rotating Frame

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Farrar, C. T.; Hall, D. A.; Gerfen, G. J.

2000-01-01

A proton dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR signal enhancement (ϵ) close to thermal equilibrium, ϵ = 0.89, has been obtained at high field (B0 = 5 T, νepr = 139.5 GHz) using 15 mM trityl radical in a 40:60 water/glycerol frozen solution at 11 K. The electron-nuclear polarization transfer...... is performed in the nuclear rotating frame with microwave irradiation during a nuclear spin-lock pulse. The growth of the signal enhancement is governed by the rotating frame nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time (T1ρ), which is four orders of magnitude shorter than the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time (T1n......). Due to the rapid polarization transfer in the nuclear rotating frame the experiment can be recycled at a rate of 1/T1ρ and is not limited by the much slower lab frame nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate (1/T1n). The increased repetition rate allowed in the nuclear rotating frame provides an effective...

Nuclear waste management, reactor decommisioning, nuclear liability and public attitudes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, R.E.

1982-01-01

This paper deals with several issues that are frequently raised by the public in any discussion of nuclear energy, and explores some aspects of public attitudes towards nuclear-related activities. The characteristics of the three types of waste associated with the nuclear fuel cycle, i.e. mine/mill tailings, reactor wastes and nuclear fuel wastes, are defined, and the methods currently being proposed for their safe handling and disposal are outlined. The activities associated with reactor decommissioning are also described, as well as the Canadian approach to nuclear liability. The costs associated with nuclear waste management, reactor decommissioning and nuclear liability are also discussed. Finally, the issue of public attitudes towards nuclear energy is addressed. It is concluded that a simple and comprehensive information program is needed to overcome many of the misconceptions that exist about nuclear energy and to provide the public with a more balanced information base on which to make decisions

New nuclear projects in the world. Sustainable Nuclear Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leon, P. T.

2011-01-01

Nuclear power has experienced a major boom in the last few years, primarily because it is a non-CO 2 emitting energy source, it can be produced at competitive costs and it can boost a country's security of supply. there are still two issues to be addressed in relation to the currently used technologies: the degree to which the energy content of nuclear fuel is used, and wastes. A solution to both these aspects would ut nuclear power in the category of sustainable energy. The article provides details on current nuclear plans in the wold, the impact of the Fukushima accident on different countries nuclear plans and the European initiatives for sustainable nuclear energy development. (Author)

Nuclear fuels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gangwani, Saloni; Chakrabortty, Sumita

2011-01-01

Nuclear fuel is a material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy, by analogy to chemical fuel that is burned for energy. Nuclear fuels are the most dense sources of energy available. Nuclear fuel in a nuclear fuel cycle can refer to the fuel itself, or to physical objects (for example bundles composed of fuel rods) composed of the fuel material, mixed with structural, neutron moderating, or neutron reflecting materials. Long-lived radioactive waste from the back end of the fuel cycle is especially relevant when designing a complete waste management plan for SNF. When looking at long-term radioactive decay, the actinides in the SNF have a significant influence due to their characteristically long half-lives. Depending on what a nuclear reactor is fueled with, the actinide composition in the SNF will be different. The following paper will also include the uses. advancements, advantages, disadvantages, various processes and behavior of nuclear fuels

Nuclear networking.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Wei; Burke, Brian

2017-07-04

Nuclear lamins are intermediate filament proteins that represent important structural components of metazoan nuclear envelopes (NEs). By combining proteomics and superresolution microscopy, we recently reported that both A- and B-type nuclear lamins form spatially distinct filament networks at the nuclear periphery of mouse fibroblasts. In particular, A-type lamins exhibit differential association with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Our studies reveal that the nuclear lamina network in mammalian somatic cells is less ordered and more complex than that of amphibian oocytes, the only other system in which the lamina has been visualized at high resolution. In addition, the NPC component Tpr likely links NPCs to the A-type lamin network, an association that appears to be regulated by C-terminal modification of various A-type lamin isoforms. Many questions remain, however, concerning the structure and assembly of lamin filaments, as well as with their mode of association with other nuclear components such as peripheral chromatin.

Nuclear weapons modernizations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kristensen, Hans M. [Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC (United States)

2014-05-09

This article reviews the nuclear weapons modernization programs underway in the world's nine nuclear weapons states. It concludes that despite significant reductions in overall weapons inventories since the end of the Cold War, the pace of reductions is slowing - four of the nuclear weapons states are even increasing their arsenals, and all the nuclear weapons states are busy modernizing their remaining arsenals in what appears to be a dynamic and counterproductive nuclear competition. The author questions whether perpetual modernization combined with no specific plan for the elimination of nuclear weapons is consistent with the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and concludes that new limits on nuclear modernizations are needed.

Introducing nuclear power into currently non-nuclear states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gert, Claassen

2007-01-01

As the nuclear renaissance gains momentum, many countries that currently have no nuclear power plants will begin to consider introducing them. It is anticipated that smaller reactors such as the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) will not only be sold to current nuclear states to also to states where there is currently no nuclear experience. A range of issues would have to be considered for nuclear plants to be sold to non-nuclear states, such as the appropriate regulatory environment, standardization and codes, non-proliferation, security of supply, obtaining experienced merchant operators, appropriate financial structures and education and training. The paper considers nine major issues that need to be addressed by governments and vendors alike: 1) political enabling framework, 2) regulatory framework, 3) responsible owner, 4) responsible operator, 5) finance, 6) contact management, 7) fuel supply and waste management framework, 8) training and education, and 9) industrial infrastructure. International cooperation by organisations such as the IAEA, financial institutions and international suppliers will be required to ensure that developing countries as well as developed ones share the benefits of the nuclear renaissance. The opportunities that the nuclear industry affords to develop local skills, create job opportunities and to develop local manufacturing industries are among the important reasons that the South African Government has decided to support and fund the development of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor project. (author)

Muon nuclear fusion and low temperature nuclear fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagamine, Kanetada

1990-01-01

Low temperature (or normal temperature) nuclear fusion is one of the phenomena causing nuclear fusion without requiring high temperature. In thermal nuclear fusion, the Coulomb barrier is overcome with the help of thermal energy, but in the low temperature nuclear fusion, the Coulomb barrier is neutralized by the introduction of the particles having larger mass than electrons and negative charges, at this time, if two nuclei can approach to the distance of 10 -13 cm in the neutral state, the occurrence of nuclear fusion reaction is expected. As the mass of the particles is heavier, the neutral region is smaller, and nuclear fusion is easy to occur. The particles to meet this purpose are the electrons within substances and muons. The research on muon nuclear fusion became suddenly active in the latter half of 1970s, the cause of which was the discovery of the fact that the formation of muons occurs resonantly rapidly in D-T and D-D systems. Muons are the unstable elementary particles having the life of 2.2 μs, and they can have positive and negative charges. In the muon catalyzed fusion, the muons with negative charge take part. The principle of the muon catalyzed fusion, its present status and future perspective, and the present status of low temperature nuclear fusion are reported. (K.I.)

Parvoviral nuclear import: bypassing the host nuclear-transport machinery.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, Sarah; Behzad, Ali R; Carroll, Jeffrey B; Panté, Nelly

2006-11-01

The parvovirus Minute virus of mice (MVM) is a small DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus of its host cells. However, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying parvovirus' nuclear import. Recently, it was found that microinjection of MVM into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes causes damage to the nuclear envelope (NE), suggesting that the nuclear-import mechanism of MVM involves disruption of the NE and import through the resulting breaks. Here, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine the effect of MVM on host-cell nuclear structure during infection of mouse fibroblast cells. It was found that MVM caused dramatic changes in nuclear shape and morphology, alterations of nuclear lamin immunostaining and breaks in the NE of infected cells. Thus, it seems that the unusual nuclear-import mechanism observed in Xenopus oocytes is in fact used by MVM during infection of host cells.

Towards sustainable nuclear energy: Putting nuclear physics to work

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koning, A.J.; Rochman, D.

2008-01-01

We have developed a new method to propagate the uncertainties of fundamental nuclear physics models and parameters to the design and performance parameters of future, clean nuclear energy systems. Using Monte Carlo simulation, it is for the first time possible to couple these two fields at the extremes of nuclear science without any loss of information in between. With the help of a large database of nuclear reaction measurements, we have determined the uncertainties of theoretical nuclear reaction models such as the optical, compound nucleus, pre-equilibrium and fission models. A similar assessment is done for the parameters that describe the resolved resonance range. Integrating this into one simulation program enables us to describe all open channels in a nuclear reaction, including a complete handling of uncertainties. Moreover, in one and the same process, values and uncertainties of nuclear reactor parameters are computed. This bypasses all the intermediate steps which have been used so far in nuclear data and reactor physics. Two important results emerge from this work: (a) we are able to quantify the required quality of theoretical nuclear reaction models directly from the reactor design requirements and (b) our method leads to a deviation from the commonly assumed normal distribution for uncertainties of safety related reactor parameters, and this should be taken into account for future nuclear energy development. In particular, calculated k eff distributions show a high-value tail for fast reactor spectra

The development of nuclear power and nuclear manpower training in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Lin; Xu Xiyue

2000-01-01

There are two nuclear power plants (NPP) in operation in China. The Qinshan NPP was the first that was constructed by China's own efforts and went into operation on 1991. The Daya Bay NPP was constructed using foreign funds, technology and went into operation on 1994. Four nuclear power projects with 8 units were initiated during the State Ninth Five-years Plan. The 8 units are expected for commercial operation between 2002 and 2005. China is preparing for the Tenth Five-Year Plan, in which China will develop the nuclear power at a moderate pace. The 13 universities and colleges were offering nuclear science educations. The students from these universities and college can meet the needs of nuclear institutes and enterprises. China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) owns the Graduated School of Nuclear Industry and the Nuclear Industry Administrative Cadre College, which will turn into the nuclear training center in future. Besides, CNNC also owns 4 institutions awarding Doctorate and 9 institutes awarding Master Degree. Many programs for education and training carried out by CNNC are presented, such as direct education supported by CNNC's finances, on job training, education for the second bachelor degree, training for senior economic professionals, research course for senior professionals, short time training course and training for license. China trained nuclear personnel by international cooperation with other countries both through multilateral and bilateral cooperation programs. CNNC has established scientific and economic ties with over 40 countries. CNNC has held diversified training for nuclear industry professionals with our own efforts and with the support from the State for many years. Today, the rapid development of nuclear industry needs more professionals. We must make greater efforts to enhance human resources development. Nuclear Safety is very important for nuclear energy development. Nuclear safety is closely related to each person who works in

Nuclear disarmament or survival of nuclear arms?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stroot, J.P.

1997-01-01

START II has not yet been ratified by the US or Russian parliaments. Doubts may be raised over whether it will ever be. In the best case there will be more than 20,000 nuclear warheads in the arsenals of these two countries by the year 2003. All five nuclear states consider that nuclear weapons are an essential component of their national defense. It might sound childish but, the whole story is is so often childish: the five powers refuse to break their nuclear toys. They take even all possible measures to maintain and improve them and to ensure the survivability of their arsenals. To prepare for the next arms race..

Siting of nuclear facilities. Selections from Nuclear Safety

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buchanan, J.R.

1976-07-01

The report presented siting policy and practice for nuclear power plants as developed in the U.S. and abroad. Twenty-two articles from Nuclear Safety on this general topic are reprinted since they provide a valuable reference source. The appendices also include reprints of some relevant regulatory rules and guides on siting. Advantages and disadvantages of novel siting concepts such as underground containment, offshore siting, and nuclear energy parks are addressed. Other topics include site criteria, risk criteria, and nuclear ship criteria.

Siting of nuclear facilities. Selections from Nuclear Safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchanan, J.R.

1976-07-01

The report presented siting policy and practice for nuclear power plants as developed in the U.S. and abroad. Twenty-two articles from Nuclear Safety on this general topic are reprinted since they provide a valuable reference source. The appendices also include reprints of some relevant regulatory rules and guides on siting. Advantages and disadvantages of novel siting concepts such as underground containment, offshore siting, and nuclear energy parks are addressed. Other topics include site criteria, risk criteria, and nuclear ship criteria

Nuclear energy and nuclear technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luescher, E.

1982-01-01

This book originated in the training courses for teachers of grammar- and secondary schools in Dillingen (Bavaria). The aim of these courses is to become informed about the latest state in one field of physics. The lectures are well-known experts in the respective fields. In the latest study (1980) of the National Academy of Sciences the experts came to the conclusion that without further development nuclear power plants the utilization of too much coal would become necessary and involve irreversible environmental damage (see chapter 6). There are two important obstacles impeding the further extension of nuclear energy. The first problem to be solved is the processing and storage of radioactive waste. This is a more technical task and can be treated in a satisfactory way. The second obstacle is less easy to take as the population has to be convinced that a nuclear power plant can be operated with almost unbelievable safety (see chapter 5) and be shut down safely in the case of incidents. The most promising possibility of controlled nuclear fusion as energy source is still many decades- if feasible at all- away from being performed (see chapter. 7). In the Soviet Union 25% of the electric energy production shall be proceed from nuclear power plants by the year 1990. (orig./GL) [de

Nuclear information services at the National Nuclear Data Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burrows, T.W.; Tuli, J.K.

1997-01-01

The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory has maintained and disseminated data from several numeric and bibliographic data bases for many years. These data bases now cover most of low- and medium-energy nuclear physics and are produced by the NNDC and other groups belonging to various international and national networks. The numeric and bibliographic nuclear data bases maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center and access to these data bases is described. The U.S. Nuclear Data and Reaction Data Networks is also briefly described. (author)

Nuclear stress test

Science.gov (United States)

... Persantine stress test; Thallium stress test; Stress test - nuclear; Adenosine stress test; Regadenoson stress test; CAD - nuclear stress; Coronary artery disease - nuclear stress; Angina - nuclear ...

Definition of Nuclear Material in Aspects of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeon, Ji Hye; Lee, Chan Suh

2014-01-01

Nuclear safety accidents directly affect human health but nuclear security incidents indirectly influence human, which demonstrates the reason why security receives less attention. However, it is acknowledged that nuclear terrorism is indeed one of the most dreadful threat humanity faces. As part of strengthening nuclear security as well as nonproliferation to response to the threat, we need a better understanding of the nuclear material which needs to be safe under the objective of nuclear security. In reality, practitioners implement safeguards and physical protection in compliance with the regulation text in domestic legislation. Thus, it is important to specify nuclear material clearly in law for effective implementation. Therefore, the definition of terminology related to nuclear material is explored herein, within the highest-level legislation on the safeguards and physical protection. First the definition in Korean legislation is analyzed. Then, so as to suggest some improvements, other international efforts are examined and some case studies are conducted on other states which have similar level of nuclear technology and industry to Korea. Finally, a draft of definition on nuclear material in perspective of nuclear nonproliferation and security is suggested based on the analysis below. The recommendation showed the draft nuclear material definition in nuclear control. The text will facilitate the understanding of nuclear material in the context of nuclear nonproliferation and security. It might provide appropriate provision for future legislation related to nuclear nonproliferation and security. For effective safeguards and physical protection measures, nuclear material should be presented with in a consistent manner as shown in the case of United Kingdom. It will be much more helpful if further material engineering studies on each nuclear material are produced. Multi-dimensional approach is required for the studies on the degree of efforts to divert

Definition of Nuclear Material in Aspects of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Security

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeon, Ji Hye; Lee, Chan Suh [Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2014-10-15

Nuclear safety accidents directly affect human health but nuclear security incidents indirectly influence human, which demonstrates the reason why security receives less attention. However, it is acknowledged that nuclear terrorism is indeed one of the most dreadful threat humanity faces. As part of strengthening nuclear security as well as nonproliferation to response to the threat, we need a better understanding of the nuclear material which needs to be safe under the objective of nuclear security. In reality, practitioners implement safeguards and physical protection in compliance with the regulation text in domestic legislation. Thus, it is important to specify nuclear material clearly in law for effective implementation. Therefore, the definition of terminology related to nuclear material is explored herein, within the highest-level legislation on the safeguards and physical protection. First the definition in Korean legislation is analyzed. Then, so as to suggest some improvements, other international efforts are examined and some case studies are conducted on other states which have similar level of nuclear technology and industry to Korea. Finally, a draft of definition on nuclear material in perspective of nuclear nonproliferation and security is suggested based on the analysis below. The recommendation showed the draft nuclear material definition in nuclear control. The text will facilitate the understanding of nuclear material in the context of nuclear nonproliferation and security. It might provide appropriate provision for future legislation related to nuclear nonproliferation and security. For effective safeguards and physical protection measures, nuclear material should be presented with in a consistent manner as shown in the case of United Kingdom. It will be much more helpful if further material engineering studies on each nuclear material are produced. Multi-dimensional approach is required for the studies on the degree of efforts to divert

Russian Federal nuclear center facilities for nuclear spectroscopy investigations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ilkaev, R.I.; Punin, V.T.; Abramovich, S.N.

2001-01-01

Russian Federal Nuclear Center facilities for Spectroscopy investigation in the field of nuclear spectroscopy are described. Here are discussed basic properties of used radiation sources, facilities and technologies for target material production and manufacture of targets from rare, high-toxic or radioactive materials. Here are also reported basic features of complex detector systems and technologies for manufacture of scintillation detectors with special properties VNIIEF was founded as a weapons laboratory. The development of nuclear and thermonuclear bombs was followed by a wide complex of nuclear-physics investigations. Naturally, data on nuclear-physics properties of active and structure materials being part of nuclear weapons were of greatest interest.At the initial stage of work on the development of nuclear weapons the information on nuclear constants of materials including the most important neutron ones was rather scant. Data published in scientific literature had low exactness and were insecure. Results of measurements sometimes differed greatly by various groups of investigators. At the same time it was clear that, for example, a 1,5-times mistake in the fission cross-section could cause a several times mistake in the choice of uranium or plutonium mass, which is necessary for the bomb development. These circumstances determined importance of the nuclear-physics investigations. Demands on knowledge of process details occurring inside the nuclei conditioned by a problem of developing and improving of nuclear weapons and atomic power are rather limited. However, the further development of nuclear industry has proved a well-known point that this knowledge being accumulated forms a critical mass that leads to an explosive situation in the elaboration both of ideological and technological aspects of these problems. It is the tendency of inside development of nuclear science that has conditioned preparedness of knowledge about intranuclear processes for

The World Nuclear University - A pillar of the nuclear renaissance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nigon, Jean-Louis

2006-01-01

The World Nuclear University was founded with the support of four leading international nuclear institutions - two of them inter-governmental organisations (IAEA and OECD/NEA), the other two bodies serving the industry and its operators (WNA and WANO). Inaugurated in September 2003 on the 50. anniversary of President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace speech, the WNU started working a year later upon the arrival of the first staff members. Today there is a tremendous disparity in the nuclear industry between the pace of the unfolding nuclear renaissance, which is gathering momentum by the day, and the slower pace at which we are educating a new generation of nuclear scientists and engineers. The WNU aims to be instrumental in creating a network of leading institutions of nuclear learning in order to help fill this gap. The emerging worldwide partnership aims to: - Enhance nuclear education amongst its members, - Establish globally accepted standards in academic and professional qualification, and - Elevate the prestige of the nuclear profession. Prior to the establishment of WNU, many leading educational institutions of nuclear learning had already launched cooperation on a regional basis, as follows (country or region/network): United States/NEDHO (Nuclear Engineering Department Head Organization); Canada/UNENE (University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering in Canada); Asia/ANENT (Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology); Europe/ENEN (European Nuclear Education Network); Russia/WNU Russian Branch. Thus the WNU can be seen to a certain extent as a 'network of networks', although it should be stressed that many of the current WNU members did not belong to already existing networks. By creating a global network, the WNU avoids the duplication of efforts and limits the total number of staff required. The WNU does not lose sight of the fact, however, that local problems should be solved locally. Ten Working Groups share between them the activities of the

La superación del profesorado en educación intercultural: una propuesta para la universidad cubana actual / Teacher’s upgrading on intercultural education. A proposal of the cuban contemporary university

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cabrera Ruiz, Isaac Iran

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La internacionalización de la cultura como rasgo de la época actual enfrenta a los sistemas educativos ante el antagonismo dialéctico de la tendencia a la universalización de la cultura, de los valores y de la producción, frente al particularismo y a la reivindicación de las especificidades de grupo, etnia o nación. Diferentes modelos y proyectos, representativos de las sociedades particulares a las que se dirigen, y fundamentadas desde diversas posturas filosóficas, han intentado dar respuesta a la atención a la diversidad cultural desde la educación. En ellos es reconocida la preparación del profesorado para asumir la demanda intercultural.El artículo presenta un diplomado para la superación en educación intercultural del colectivo pedagógico del año académico, dirigido a la formación del profesorado, utilizando como vía la superación profesional en la forma organizativa básica en la educación superior cubana, para derivar las estrategias de la carrera universitaria y desarrollar la dirección educativa. La propuesta se caracteriza por su flexibilidad, vínculo con las tecnologías de la información, contextualización, y que es concebida desde la semipresencialidad como modalidad. Propuesta que es el resultado de una investigación realizada en la Universidad Médica de Villa Clara entre los años 2006 y el 2007.Abstract: Culture internationalization as a distinctive trait of the contemporary epoch faces the educational systems to the dialectical antagonism of the trend to universalize culture of values and production versus individuality and the specificities of ethnic groups or nations. Different representative models and projects from distinct societies to which they are directed derived from different philosophical assumptions, have tried to give an answer to cultural diversity from the educational institutions due to the recognized formation of its staff members to cope with intercultural demands. In this

Nuclear power generation and nuclear fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okajima, Yasujiro

1985-01-01

As of June 30, 1984, in 25 countries, 311 nuclear power plants of about 209 million kW were in operation. In Japan, 27 plants of about 19 million kW were in operation, and Japan ranks fourth in the world. The present state of nuclear power generation and nuclear fuel cycle is explained. The total uranium resources in the free world which can be mined at the cost below $130/kgU are about 3.67 million t, and it was estimated that the demand up to about 2015 would be able to be met. But it is considered also that the demand and supply of uranium in the world may become tight at the end of 1980s. The supply of uranium to Japan is ensured up to about 1995, and the yearly supply of 3000 st U 3 O 8 is expected in the latter half of 1990s. The refining, conversion and enrichment of uranium are described. In Japan, a pilot enrichment plant consisting of 7000 centrifuges has the capacity of about 50 t SWU/year. UO 2 fuel assemblies for LWRs, the working of Zircaloy, the fabrication of fuel assemblies, the quality assurance of nuclear fuel, the behavior of UO 2 fuel, the grading-up of LWRs and nuclear fuel, and the nuclear fuel business in Japan are reported. The reprocessing of spent fuel and plutonium fuel are described. (Kako, I.)

Nuclear fission and nuclear safeguards: Common technologies and challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keepin, G.R.

1989-01-01

Nuclear fission and nuclear safeguards have much in common, including the basic physical phenomena and technologies involved as well as the commitments and challenges posed by expanding nuclear programs in many countries around the world. The unique characteristics of the fission process -- such as prompt and delayed neutron and gamma ray emission -- not only provide the means of sustaining and controlling the fission chain reaction, but also provide unique ''signatures'' that are essential to quantitative measurement and effective safeguarding of key nuclear materials (notably 239 Pu and 235 U) against theft, loss, or diversion. In this paper, we trace briefly the historical emergence of safeguards as an essential component of the expansion of the nuclear enterprise worldwide. We then survey the major categories of passive and active nondestructive assay techniques that are currently in use or under development for rapid, accurate measurement and verification of safe-guarded nuclear materials in the many forms in which they occur throughout the nuclear fuel cycle. 23 refs., 14 figs

INTERNET and information about nuclear sciences. The world wide web virtual library: nuclear sciences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuruc, J.

1999-01-01

In this work author proposes to constitute new virtual library which should centralize the information from nuclear disciplines on the INTERNET, in order to them to give first and foremost the connection on the most important links in set nuclear sciences. The author has entitled this new virtual library The World Wide Web Library: Nuclear Sciences. By constitution of this virtual library next basic principles were chosen: home pages of international organizations important from point of view of nuclear disciplines; home pages of the National Nuclear Commissions and governments; home pages of nuclear scientific societies; web-pages specialized on nuclear problematic, in general; periodical tables of elements and isotopes; web-pages aimed on Chernobyl crash and consequences; web-pages with antinuclear aim. Now continue the links grouped on web-pages according to single nuclear areas: nuclear arsenals; nuclear astrophysics; nuclear aspects of biology (radiobiology); nuclear chemistry; nuclear company; nuclear data centres; nuclear energy; nuclear energy, environmental aspects of (radioecology); nuclear energy info centres; nuclear engineering; nuclear industries; nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear material monitoring; nuclear medicine and radiology; nuclear physics; nuclear power (plants); nuclear reactors; nuclear risk; nuclear technologies and defence; nuclear testing; nuclear tourism; nuclear wastes; nuclear wastes. In these single groups web-links will be concentrated into following groups: virtual libraries and specialized servers; science; nuclear societies; nuclear departments of the academic institutes; nuclear research institutes and laboratories; centres, info links

Nuclear Engineering Education in Support of Thailand’s Nuclear Power Programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chanyotha, S.; Pengvanich, P.; Nilsuwankosit, S.

2015-01-01

This paper aims to introduce the nuclear engineering education at the Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chulalongkon University, Bangkok Thailand. The department has been offering curriculum in nuclear engineering to support the national nuclear power programme since 1970s. It is the oldest established nuclear engineering educational programme in the South East Asia region. Nevertheless, since the nuclear power programme has been postponed several times due to various reasons, the educational programme at the department has been continuously adapted to meet the nation’s needs. Several areas of study have been introduced, including nuclear power engineering, industrial applications of radioisotope, nuclear instrumentation, radioisotope production, radiation processing, environment and safety, nuclear materials, as well as the newly created nuclear security and non-proliferation. With the renewed interest in using nuclear power in Thailand in 2007, the department has been actively assisting both the government and the electric utility in preparing human resources to support the nuclear power programme through various educational and training modules. Realizing the importance of establishing and balancing all 3 aspects of the nuclear 3S (safety, security and safeguard) in Thailand and in the Southeast Asian region. The new curriculum of nuclear security and safeguard programme has been offered since 2013. Since the establishment, the department has produced hundreds of graduates (Diploma, Master’s, and Ph.D. levels) to feed the continuously expanding Thai nuclear industry. The full paper will provide detailed information of the curriculum, the challenges and obstacles that the department has encountered, as well as the national and international linkages which have been established over the years. (author)

Applications of nuclear physics

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, A. C.

2017-02-01

Today the applications of nuclear physics span a very broad range of topics and fields. This review discusses a number of aspects of these applications, including selected topics and concepts in nuclear reactor physics, nuclear fusion, nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear-geophysics, and nuclear medicine. The review begins with a historic summary of the early years in applied nuclear physics, with an emphasis on the huge developments that took place around the time of World War II, and that underlie the physics involved in designs of nuclear explosions, controlled nuclear energy, and nuclear fusion. The review then moves to focus on modern applications of these concepts, including the basic concepts and diagnostics developed for the forensics of nuclear explosions, the nuclear diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility, nuclear reactor safeguards, and the detection of nuclear material production and trafficking. The review also summarizes recent developments in nuclear geophysics and nuclear medicine. The nuclear geophysics areas discussed include geo-chronology, nuclear logging for industry, the Oklo reactor, and geo-neutrinos. The section on nuclear medicine summarizes the critical advances in nuclear imaging, including PET and SPECT imaging, targeted radionuclide therapy, and the nuclear physics of medical isotope production. Each subfield discussed requires a review article unto itself, which is not the intention of the current review; rather, the current review is intended for readers who wish to get a broad understanding of applied nuclear physics.

Applications of nuclear physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayes-Sterbenz, Anna Catherine

2017-01-01

Today the applications of nuclear physics span a very broad range of topics and fields. This review discusses a number of aspects of these applications, including selected topics and concepts in nuclear reactor physics, nuclear fusion, nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear-geophysics, and nuclear medicine. The review begins with a historic summary of the early years in applied nuclear physics, with an emphasis on the huge developments that took place around the time of World War II, and that underlie the physics involved in designs of nuclear explosions, controlled nuclear energy, and nuclear fusion. The review then moves to focus on modern applications of these concepts, including the basic concepts and diagnostics developed for the forensics of nuclear explosions, the nuclear diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility, nuclear reactor safeguards, and the detection of nuclear material production and trafficking. The review also summarizes recent developments in nuclear geophysics and nuclear medicine. The nuclear geophysics areas discussed include geo-chronology, nuclear logging for industry, the Oklo reactor, and geo-neutrinos. The section on nuclear medicine summarizes the critical advances in nuclear imaging, including PET and SPECT imaging, targeted radionuclide therapy, and the nuclear physics of medical isotope production. Lastly, each subfield discussed requires a review article unto itself, which is not the intention of the current review; rather, the current review is intended for readers who wish to get a broad understanding of applied nuclear physics.

Nuclear security culture in comparison with nuclear safety culture. Resemblances and differences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawata, Norio

2015-01-01

Since the terrorist attacks on the U.S. on September 11th, 2001, Nuclear Security has been focused on and treated as a global issue in the international community and it has also been discussed as a real and serious threat to nuclear power plants in the world since 'The Great East Japan Earthquake' in March, 2011. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) issued a document including Nuclear Security Recommendations (INFCIRC/225/Rev.5) (NSS 13) in the Nuclear Security Series and emphasized the necessity of fostering Nuclear Security Culture. Nuclear Security Culture has been frequently discussed at various kinds of seminars and events. Since the officials in charge of Nuclear Security are familiar with the area of Nuclear Safety, the relationships between Nuclear Safety Culture and Nuclear Security Culture have been the point in controversy. This paper clarifies relevance between Nuclear Safety and Security, considers resemblances and differences of their concepts and lessons learned for each culture from nuclear power plant accidents, and promotes deeper understanding of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security Culture. (author)

O tratamento dos PADOs na gestão orçamentária de uma empresa de telecomunicações

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci Espejo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo se consideran los Procedimientos para la Determinación de Incumplimiento de Obligaciones (PADO en la gestión del presupue sto de una empresa de telecomunicaciones. Se realizó un estudio de caso en una empresa brasileña, en el que se aplicaron cuestionarios a tres funcionarios que intervienen en el proceso de planificación y control del presupuesto de PADO, y el análisis de do cumentos en 132 procedimientos presentados contra la empresa investigada entre 2001 y 2014. Se encontró que el control y la planificación de PADO se realiza adecuadamente y de forma proporcional a la importancia y la gravedad de las situaciones. Sin embarg o, se observó que la planificación del presupuesto se ve obstaculizada por la falta de procedimientos estandarizados de la agencia reguladora que permita a la estimación de los parámetros importantes para la preparación del presupuesto. Los resultados ofre cen oportunidades de mejora en la gestión del presupuesto de la organización estudiada, y pueden subvencionar reflexiones de las empresas sujetas a regulación por parte de ANATEL u otras agencias reguladoras.

Regulação e universalização da prestação dos serviços de abastecimento de água

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álisson José Maia Melo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Discute-se sobre o papel da regulação e, em específico, das agências reguladoras como instituição estratégica, com aptidão para estimular a promoção da universalização dos serviços públicos, no corte realizado no presente estudo, de abastecimento de água no Brasil. Para tanto, apresenta-se alguns aspectos conceituais da universalização de serviços e como esse conceito sofreu modificações, para em seguida tratar propriamente dos desafios da universalização para os serviços de abastecimento de água no Brasil. Num segundo momento, faz-se uma breve explanação da função regulatória no contexto dos serviços públicos e de que formas, na especificidade, pode a regulação, realizada através das agências reguladoras, promover indiretamente a universalização dos serviços. A análise é realizada com base especialmente na Lei n. 11.445/2007, que traça as diretrizes gerais dos serviços públicos de saneamento básico.

APROXIMACIONES COMPUTACIONALES PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PROMOTORES EUCARIOTAS TIPO II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Mejía-Guerra

2006-06-01

Full Text Available La identificación de segmentos funcionales dentro del DNA es uno de los campos más estudiados en la actualidad, debido a la generación de grandes volúmenes de información a partir de los proyectosgenómicos, las predicciones computacionales han atraído la atención de la comunidad científica en general.En este marco la identificación de secuencias reguladoras se erige como un importante campo del análisis de genomas; sin embargo, dada la enorme complejidad del proceso de regulación de la transcripciónaunque promisorios el problema de la predicción de las zonas reguladoras no se ha solucionado en su totalidad.Este artículo presenta una descripción de algunas aproximaciones desarrolladas para la identificación de promotores y sus elementos cis-reguladores, también se describen las estructuras de señales funcionales y estructurales que son diana de reconocimiento de algunos de estos programas de predicción aplicados al gen que codifica para la subunidad NR1 del receptor de glutamato sensible a N-metil-D-aspartato (iGluR-NMDA el cual ha sido objeto de estudio desde la década de los noventa.

Estudio de inmunogenicidad para dos vacunas recombinantes contra hepatitis B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Juliao

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio compara la inmunogenicidad (seroconversión, seroprotección e Hiperrespuesta, producida por dos vacunas recombinantes contra la hepatitis B (Engerix-B de Bélgica y Cubana, en dos esquemas (012 y 016 meses, empleando los métodos de cuantificación para Anti-HBsAg (Abbott y Organón, los cuales fueron también comparados. En el estudio participaron 257 voluntarios,  divididos al azar en 4 grupos (dos vacunas, dos esquemas. Resultados: los dos métodos de Abbon y Organon, no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas. La vacuna cubana muestra una mayor respuesta inmunogénica para dos dosis de vacuna y para el esquema 012. No hay diferencia entre los esquemas 012 y 016 y en el esquema 016 no se ven diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la vacuna Engerix-B. En esta Última el esquema 016 muestra mejores resultados que el 012.

Regulatory oversight report 2008 concerning nuclear safety in Swiss nuclear installations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-04-01

This annual report issued by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Inspectorate (ENSI) reports on the work carried out by the Inspectorate in 2008. This report reviews the regulatory activities in the four Swiss nuclear power stations and in four further nuclear installations in various Swiss research facilities. It deals with topics such as operational details, technologies in use, radiation protection, radioactive wastes, emergency dispositions, personnel and provides an assessment of operations from the safety point of view. Also, the transportation of nuclear materials - both nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes - is reported on. General topics discussed include probabilistic safety analyses and accident management, earthquake damage analysis and agreements on nuclear safety. The underground disposal of highly-radioactive nuclear wastes and work done in the rock laboratories are discussed, as are proposals for additional nuclear power stations

Nuclear waste problem: does new Europe need new nuclear energy?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alekseev, P.; Dudnikov, A.; Subbotin, S.

2003-01-01

Nuclear Energy for New Europe - what does it mean? New Europe - it means in first order joined Europe. And it is quite clear that also efforts in nuclear energy must be joined. What can be proposed as a target of joint efforts. Improvement of existing plants, technologies, materials? - Certainly, but it is performed already by designers and industry themselves. There exists a problem, which each state using nuclear energy faces alone. It is nuclear waste problem. Nowadays nuclear waste problem is not completely solved in any country. It seems reasonable for joining Europe to join efforts in solving this problem. A satisfactory solution would reduce a risk connected with nuclear waste. In addition to final disposal problem solution it is necessary to reduce total amount of nuclear waste, that means: reducing the rates of accumulation of long-lived dangerous radionuclides; reducing the existing amounts of these radionuclides by transmutation. These conditions can be satisfied in reasonable time by burning of minor actinides and, if possible, by transmutation of long-lived fission products. However we can use this strategy effectively if we will design and construct nuclear energy as a system of which components are united by nuclear fuel cycle as a system-forming factor. The existing structures and approaches may become insufficient for new Europe. Therefore among the initial steps in considering nuclear waste problem must be considering possible promising fuel cycles for European nuclear energy. So, does new Europe need new nuclear energy? It seems, yes. (author)

Nuclear Symbiosis - A Means to Achieve Sustainable Nuclear Growth While Limiting the Spread of Sensitive Nuclear Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shropshire, David

2009-01-01

Global growth of nuclear energy in the 21. century is creating new challenges to limit the spread of nuclear technology without hindering adoption in countries now considering nuclear power. Independent nuclear states desire autonomy over energy choices and seek energy independence. However, this independence comes with high costs for development of new indigenous fuel cycle capabilities. Nuclear supplier states and expert groups have proposed fuel supply assurance mechanisms such as fuel take-back services, international enrichment services and fuel banks in exchange for recipient state concessions on the development of sensitive technologies. Recipient states are slow to accept any concessions to their rights under the Non Proliferation Treaty. To date, decisions to not develop indigenous fuel enrichment capabilities have been driven by economics. However, additional incentives may be required in the future to offset the user state's perceived loss of energy independence. In order for a country to forgo development of sensitive nuclear capabilities, the basis for an equitable economic tradeoff must be established. This paper proposes that the nuclear trade-off can be made through a combination of fuel supply assurances, leveraging work by the United Nations and International Atomic Energy Agency on sustainable nuclear development, and use of 'nuclear symbiosis'. The primary focus of this paper is on how nuclear symbiosis could be used to achieve a user-state's desired economic, energy, and infrastructure development end states. The desired result from this 'symbiosis' is a nuclear-centered industrial complex that creates new economic opportunities through infrastructure improvements, human resource skills development and the development of new sustainable industries. This paper also describes the Nuclear Materials Exchange (NME) as a practical tool for performing nuclear symbiosis. The NME can be used to define existing and new international nuclear resources and

Radionuclides for nuclear medicine: a nuclear physicists' view

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cantone, M.; Haddad, F.; Harissopoulos, S.; Jensen, M.; Jokinen, A.; Koster, U.; Lebeda, Ondřej; Ponsard, B.; Ratzinger, U.; Stora, T.; Tarkanyi, F.; Van Duppen, P.

2013-01-01

Roč. 40, 2 Supplement (2013), S257-S257 ISSN 1619-7070. [Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). 19.10.2013-23.10.2013, Lyon] Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : nuclear physics for medicine * EANM * medical radionuclides Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders

NuclearFACTS: public engagement about the impacts of nuclear research

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dalzell, M.T.J.; Alexander, R.N.; Main, M.G., E-mail: matthew.dalzell@fedorukcentre.ca [Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre for Nuclear Innovation, Saskatoon, SK, (Canada)

2015-07-01

The Forum for Accountability and Communities Talking nuclear Science - nuclearFACTS - is a cornerstone of the Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre for Nuclear Innovation's efforts to engage the people of Saskatchewan in evidence-based conversations about the impacts of the nuclear research, development and training activities supported by the Fedoruk Centre. The second annual nuclearFACTS public colloquium was held 20 November 2014, and featured the participation of 16 research projects. This paper discusses the continued development of the nuclearFACTS concept and its role in the Fedoruk Centre's upstream engagement efforts. (author)

Nuclear violence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mullen, R.K.

1987-01-01

A great deal of attention has been paid in the past decade or so to the characteristics of terrorists and their apparent goals and objectives, capabilities, and evolving strategy and tactics with respect to nuclear terrorism. In contrast, little has been said about the procedural aspects of nuclear terrorism, and even less about the way in which such endeavors can fail. This latter omission is important because it bears directly on the ability to evaluate credibly the potential for nuclear terrorism. Here, the author addresses the requirements inherent in acquiring a nuclear explosive capability by three routes: separation of plutonium from irradiated light or heavy water reactor (LWR or HWR) fuel, processing, or use of separated fissile material, and theft of a nuclear weapon. In addition, he deals with other potential acts of nuclear terrorism: sabotage of power reactors, uranium enrichment facilities and spent nuclear fuel in transport, and dispersal of radioactive materials, in particular, plutonium. He specifically does not look at the design or production of a nuclear weapon. Finally, the discussion here assumes that the terrorist is subnational; that is, a nation is not involved. Also, the discussion of subnational participation does not address the possibility of collusion with insiders

Nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rippon, S.

1984-01-01

Do we need nuclear energy. Is it safe. What are the risks. Will it lead to proliferation. The questions are endless, the answers often confused. In the vigorous debates that surround the siting and operation of nuclear power plants, it is all too easy to lose sight of the central issues amid the mass of arguments and counter-arguments put forward. And there remains the doubt, who do we believe. This book presents the facts, simply, straightforwardly, and comprehensibly. It describes the different types of nuclear reactor, how they work, how energy is produced and transformed into usable power, how nuclear waste is handled, what safeguards are built in to prevent accident, contamination and misuse. More important, it does this in the context of the real world, examining the benefits as well as the dangers of a nuclear power programme, quantifying the risks, and providing an authoritative account of the nuclear industry worldwide. Technically complex and politically controversial, the contribution of nuclear energy to our future energy requirements is a crucial topic of our time. (author)

Nuclear Liability and Insurance for Nuclear Damage in Sweden

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thofelt, H.

1998-01-01

This paper contains some facts about the Swedish nuclear energy production system and about the nuclear operators liability with the important issues. The nuclear insurance of Sweden is also explained in short terms. (author)

Nuclear materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

In 1998, Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (NRA SR) performed 38 inspections, 25 of them were performed in co-operation with IAEA inspectors. There is no fresh nuclear fuel at Bohunice A-1 NPP at present. Fresh fuel of Bohunice V-1 and V-2 NPPs is inspected in the fresh fuel storage.There are 327 fresh fuel assemblies in Mochovce NPP fresh fuel storage. In addition to that, are also 71 small users of nuclear materials in Slovakia. In most cases they use: covers made of depleted uranium for non-destructive works, detection of level in production plants, covers for therapeutical sources at medical facilities. In. 1995, NRA SR issued 4 new licences for nuclear material withdrawal. In the next part manipulation with nuclear materials, spent fuel stores and illegal trafficking in nuclear materials are reported

Nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, Arthur.

1980-01-01

This chapter of the final report of the Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning in Ontario updates its interim report on nuclear power in Ontario (1978) in the light of the Three Mile Island accident and presents the commission's general conclusions and recommendations relating to nuclear power. The risks of nuclear power, reactor safety with special reference to Three Mile Island and incidents at the Bruce generating station, the environmental effects of uranium mining and milling, waste management, nuclear power economics, uranium supplies, socio-political issues, and the regulation of nuclear power are discussed. Specific recommendations are made concerning the organization and public control of Ontario Hydro, but the commission concluded that nuclear power is acceptable in Ontario as long as satisfactory progress is made in the disposal of uranium mill tailings and spent fuel wastes. (LL)

Detection of nuclear radiations; Deteccion de Radiaciones nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanarro Sanz, A

1967-07-01

A summary of the lectures about the ordinary detectors of nuclear radiations explained by the author in the courses of Nuclear Engineering held at the J.E.N. up to the date of publication is given. Those lectures are considered to be a necessary introduction to Nuclear Instrumentation and Applied Electronics to Nuclear Engineering so it has been intended to underline those characteristics of radiation detectors that must be taken in consideration in choosing or designing the electronic equipment associated to them in order to take advantage of each detector possibilities. (Author)

Detection of nuclear radiations; Detectores de radiaciones nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanarro Sanz, A

1959-07-01

A summary of the lectures about the ordinary detectors of nuclear radiations given by the author in the Courses of Introduction to Nuclear Engineering held at the JEN up to the date of publication is given. Those lectures are considered to be a necessary introduction to Nuclear Instrumentation and Applied electronics to Nuclear Engineering so it has been intent to underline those characteristics of radiation detectors that must be taken in consideration in choosing or designing the electronic equipment associated to them in order to take advantage of each detector possibilities. (Author) 8 refs.

Nuclear battery materials and application of nuclear batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao Shaochang; Lu Zhenming; Fu Xiaoming; Liang Tongxiang

2006-01-01

Nuclear battery has lots of advantages such as small volume, longevity, environal stability and so on, therefore, it was widely used in aerospace, deep-sea, polar region, heart pacemaker, micro-electromotor and other fields etc. The application of nuclear battery and the development of its materials promote each other. In this paper the development and the latest research progress of nuclear battery materials has been introduced from the view of radioisotope, electric energy conversion and encapsulation. And the current and potential applications of the nuclear battery are also summarized. (authors)

Current status and improvement of the nuclear physics experiment course for speciality of nuclear physics and nuclear technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qu Guopu; Guo Lanying

1999-01-01

The author reviews the current status of the nuclear physics experiment course for speciality of nuclear physics and nuclear technology in higher education and expresses author's views on the future improvement of the nuclear physics experiment course

Theoretical studies in nuclear reactions and nuclear structure. Progress report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-05-01

Research in the Maryland Nuclear Theory Group focusses on problems in four basic areas of current relevance. Hadrons in nuclear matter; the structure of hadrons; relativistic nuclear physics and heavy ion dynamics and related processes. The section on hadrons in nuclear matter groups together research items which are aimed at exploring ways in which the properties of nucleons and the mesons which play a role in the nuclear force are modified in the nuclear medium. A very interesting result has been the finding that QCD sum rules supply a new insight into the decrease of the nucleon`s mass in the nuclear medium. The quark condensate, which characterizes spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of the late QCD vacuum, decreases in nuclear matter and this is responsible for the decrease of the nucleon`s mass. The section on the structure of hadrons contains progress reports on our research aimed at understanding the structure of the nucleon. Widely different approaches are being studied, e.g., lattice gauge calculations, QCD sum rules, quark-meson models with confinement and other hedgehog models. A major goal of this type of research is to develop appropriate links between nuclear physics and QCD. The section on relativistic nuclear physics represents our continuing interest in developing an appropriate relativistic framework for nuclear dynamics. A Lorentz-invariant description of the nuclear force suggests a similar decrease of the nucleon`s mass in the nuclear medium as has been found from QCD sum rules. Work in progress extends previous successes in elastic scattering to inelastic scattering of protons by nuclei. The section on heavy ion dynamics and related processes reports on research into the e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} problem and heavy ion dynamics.

Recommended numerical nuclear physics data for cutting-edge nuclear technology applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganesan, S.; Srivenkatesan, R.; Anek Kumar; Murthy, C.S.R.C.; Dhekne, P.S.

2005-01-01

This paper introduces some aspects of online nuclear data services at Mumbai as part of today's technology of sharing knowledge of the recommended numerical nuclear physics data for nuclear applications. The physics foundation for cutting-edge technology applications is significantly strengthened by such knowledge generation and sharing techniques. A BARC server is presently mirroring the nuclear data services of the IAEA, Vienna. The users can get all the nuclear data information much faster from the BARC nuclear data mirror website that is now fully operational. The nuclear community is encouraged to develop the habit of accessing the website for recommended values of nuclear data for use in research and applications. The URL is: www-nds.indcentre.org.in (author)

Plight of China nuclear liability law and solutions of nuclear operating companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Guangchao; Wang Yonggang; Tang Yangyang

2010-01-01

With the development of nuclear use for peaceful purposes and the intensification of international cooperation in the field of nuclear energy, many countries attach more and more importance to legal risks of nuclear liability, and the companies in nuclear industry also enhance research on restrictive articles of nuclear liability in their international businesses. However, because China has neither signed any international convention on civil liability for nuclear damage nor adopted any law on atomic energy and on compensation for nuclear damage, many impediments often occur in international cooperation and trade. This essay is trying to outline the status and structure of international nuclear liability, analyze nuclear liabilities in international procurement for nuclear operating companies and respective solutions. (authors)

Nuclear power development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nealey, S.

1990-01-01

The objective of this study is to examine factors and prospects for a resumption in growth of nuclear power in the United States over the next decade. The focus of analysis on the likelihood that current efforts in the United States to develop improved and safer nuclear power reactors will provide a sound technical basis for improved acceptance of nuclear power, and contribute to a social/political climate more conducive to a resumption of nuclear power growth. The acceptability of nuclear power and advanced reactors to five social/political sectors in the U.S. is examined. Three sectors highly relevant to the prospects for a restart of nuclear power plant construction are the financial sector involved in financing nuclear power plant construction, the federal nuclear regulatory sector, and the national political sector. For this analysis, the general public are divided into two groups: those who are knowledgeable about and involved in nuclear power issues, the involved public, and the much larger body of the general public that is relatively uninvolved in the controversy over nuclear power

Nuclear structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eastham, D.A.; Joy, T.

1986-01-01

The paper on 'nuclear structure' is the Appendix to the Daresbury (United Kingdom) Annual Report 1985/86, and contains the research work carried out at the Nuclear Structure Facility, Daresbury, within that period. During the year a total of 74 experiments were scheduled covering the main areas of activity including: nuclear collective motion, nuclei far from stability, and nuclear collisions. The Appendix contains brief reports on these experiments and associated theory. (U.K.)

Business of Nuclear Safety Analysis Office, Nuclear Technology Test Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Masahiko

1981-01-01

The Nuclear Technology Test Center established the Nuclear Safety Analysis Office to execute newly the works concerning nuclear safety analysis in addition to the works related to the proving tests of nuclear machinery and equipments. The regulations for the Nuclear Safety Analysis Office concerning its organization, business and others were specially decided, and it started the business formally in August, 1980. It is a most important subject to secure the safety of nuclear facilities in nuclear fuel cycle as the premise of developing atomic energy. In Japan, the strict regulation of safety is executed by the government at each stage of the installation, construction, operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities, based on the responsibility for the security of installers themselves. The Nuclear Safety Analysis Office was established as the special organ to help the safety examination related to the installation of nuclear power stations and others by the government. It improves and puts in order the safety analysis codes required for the cross checking in the safety examination, and carries out safety analysis calculation. It is operated by the cooperation of the Science and Technology Agency and the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy. The purpose of establishment, the operation and the business of the Nuclear Safety Analysis Office, the plan of improving and putting in order of analysis codes, and the state of the similar organs in foreign countries are described. (Kako, I.)

Nuclear alerts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1983-01-01

Anti-nuclear demonstrations against the deployment of new US missiles were held in Nato Europe. As no agreement has yet been reached at the US-Soviet Intermediate Nuclear Forces talks in Geneva, the deployment of nuclear missiles in Europe has started

Nuclear electronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friese, T.

1981-09-01

A short survey is given on nuclear radiation detectors and nuclear electronics. It is written for newcomers and those, who are not very familiar with this technique. Some additional information is given on typical failures in nuclear measurement systems. (orig.) [de

76 FR 40945 - Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 2, LLC, Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 3, LLC, Entergy Nuclear...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-12

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0150; Docket Nos. 50-003, 50-247, and 50-286; License Nos. DPR-5, DPR-26, and DPR-64] Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 2, LLC, Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 3, LLC, Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc.; Receipt of Request for Action Notice is hereby given that by petition...

The nuclear dilemma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mason, Colin.

1983-01-01

This paper discusses nuclear war, disarmament and national defence policies. The author argues that in spite of the obvious advantages of nuclear power in many parts of the world, the world cannot afford the risk of continuing with it because of the demonstrated close and deadly association of nuclear power and nuclear reactors with nuclear weapons

Nuclear Reactor Physics

Science.gov (United States)

Stacey, Weston M.

2001-02-01

An authoritative textbook and up-to-date professional's guide to basic and advanced principles and practices Nuclear reactors now account for a significant portion of the electrical power generated worldwide. At the same time, the past few decades have seen an ever-increasing number of industrial, medical, military, and research applications for nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactor physics is the core discipline of nuclear engineering, and as the first comprehensive textbook and reference on basic and advanced nuclear reactor physics to appear in a quarter century, this book fills a large gap in the professional literature. Nuclear Reactor Physics is a textbook for students new to the subject, for others who need a basic understanding of how nuclear reactors work, as well as for those who are, or wish to become, specialists in nuclear reactor physics and reactor physics computations. It is also a valuable resource for engineers responsible for the operation of nuclear reactors. Dr. Weston Stacey begins with clear presentations of the basic physical principles, nuclear data, and computational methodology needed to understand both the static and dynamic behaviors of nuclear reactors. This is followed by in-depth discussions of advanced concepts, including extensive treatment of neutron transport computational methods. As an aid to comprehension and quick mastery of computational skills, he provides numerous examples illustrating step-by-step procedures for performing the calculations described and chapter-end problems. Nuclear Reactor Physics is a useful textbook and working reference. It is an excellent self-teaching guide for research scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in industrial, research, and military applications of nuclear reactors, as well as government regulators who wish to increase their understanding of nuclear reactors.

Base isolation for nuclear power and nuclear material facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eidinger, J.M.; Kircher, C.A.; Vaidya, N.; Constantinou, M.; Kelly, J.M.; Seidensticker, R.; Tajirian, F.F.; Ovadia, D.

1989-01-01

This report serves to document the status of the practice for the use of base isolation systems in the design and construction of nuclear power and nuclear material facilities. The report first describes past and current (1989) applications of base isolation in nuclear facilities. The report then provides a brief discussion of non-nuclear applications. Finally, the report summarizes the status of known base-isolation codes and standards

Thirty years nuclear energy. 240,000 years of nuclear waste. Why Greenpeace campaigns against nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teule, R.

2004-01-01

A brief overview is given of the arguments that Greenpeace has against nuclear energy, and why this environmental organization campaigns against the processing of nuclear waste and transportation of Dutch nuclear waste to France [nl

Nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-06-01

The percentage of electricity generated by nuclear energy in each of the 26 countries that operated nuclear power plants in 1987 is given. The current policy and programs of some of these countries is described. News concerning uranium mining, enrichment, reprocessing and waste management is also included. Data in the form of a generalized status summary for all power reactors (> 30 MWEN) prepared from the nuclear power reactor data files of ANSTO is shown

Nuclear power economic database

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ding Xiaoming; Li Lin; Zhao Shiping

1996-01-01

Nuclear power economic database (NPEDB), based on ORACLE V6.0, consists of three parts, i.e., economic data base of nuclear power station, economic data base of nuclear fuel cycle and economic database of nuclear power planning and nuclear environment. Economic database of nuclear power station includes data of general economics, technique, capital cost and benefit, etc. Economic database of nuclear fuel cycle includes data of technique and nuclear fuel price. Economic database of nuclear power planning and nuclear environment includes data of energy history, forecast, energy balance, electric power and energy facilities

Does nuclear power lead to nuclear weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prawitz, J.

1977-01-01

It is pointed out that 'reactor grade' plutonium usually contains about 30 % Pu240 and is unsuitable for weapons. While it is possible to obtain an explosion, it is more difficult to initiate one and its effect, which will be considerably less than with bomb grade plutonium, is difficult to predict. The critical mass will be larger and more cooling required. The proliferation problem is then discussed and the four aspects, vertical, horizontal, sub-national and revolutionary, mentioned. In connection with nuclear power it is the second and third aspects which are of interest. In discussing the possibility of terrorist groups obtaining plutonium, a study by the Swedish Defence Research Institute is quoted as estimating that 10-20 qualified specialists and several years secret preparation would be necessary to make a nuclear weapon. Other authors, e.g. Ted Taylor, have maintained that it would be much easier, but examples of 'student designs' are primitive and unlikely to detonate. Even so, it is emphasised that safeguards and physical security are necessary. Horizontal proliferation is a more real problem and the NPT and IAEA safeguards are discussed in this connection. In conclusion the question of whether the proliferation of nuclear weapons via nuclear power can be prevented cannot be answered with a clear yes or no. Certain states may use nuclear weapon potential as a bargaining factor. However the decision to acquire nuclear weapons is political and while a nuclear power industry would be of help, it would not be decisively so. (JIW)

The nuclear nineties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campbell, D.

1990-01-01

Although United States Customs recently prevented 40 krytrons, fast triggers to start a nuclear fission detonation, from being exported, other countries have been able to acquire similar items without questions being asked. Nuclear power plants have been exported to Pakistan and it is expected that this will enable Pakistan to become the world's ninth nuclear weapons state. Not all current or potential nuclear weapons states have signed and ratified the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Some nuclear plant have been built in developing countries without proper International Atomic Energy Authority Control. It would seem that there is a general indifference to nuclear proliferation by some of the western nuclear countries. (UK)

Nuclear questions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Durrani, M. [Physics World (United Kingdom)

2006-01-01

The future of nuclear power has returned to centre stage. Freezing weather on both sides of the Atlantic and last month's climate-change talks in Montreal have helped to put energy and the future of nuclear power right back on the political agenda. The issue is particularly pressing for those countries where existing nuclear stations are reaching the end of their lives. In the UK, prime minister Tony Blair has commissioned a review of energy, with a view to deciding later this year whether to build new nuclear power plants. The review comes just four years after the Labour government published a White Paper on energy that said the country should keep the nuclear option open but did not follow this up with any concrete action. In Germany, new chancellor and former physicist Angela Merkel is a fan of nuclear energy and had said she would extend the lifetime of its nuclear plants beyond 2020, when they are due to close. However, that commitment has had to be abandoned, at least for the time being, following negotiations with her left-wing coalition partners. The arguments in favour of nuclear power will be familiar to all physicists - it emits almost no carbon dioxide and can play a vital role in maintaining a diverse energy supply. To over-rely on imported supplies of oil and gas can leave a nation hostage to fortune. The arguments against are equally easy to list - the public is scared of nuclear power, it generates dangerous waste with potentially huge clean-up costs, and it is not necessarily cheap. Nuclear plants could also be a target for terrorist attacks. Given political will, many of these problems can be resolved, or at least tackled. China certainly sees the benefits of nuclear power, as does Finland, which is building a new 1600 MW station - the world's most powerful - that is set to open in 2009. Physicists, of course, are essential to such developments. They play a vital role in ensuring the safety of such plants and developing new types of

Nuclear information services at the National Nuclear Data Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burrows, T.W.; Tuli, J.K.

1996-01-01

The numeric and bibliographic nuclear data bases maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center and access to these data bases will be described. The U.S. Nuclear Data and Reaction Data Networks will also be briefly described

Charge symmetry breaking nuclear forces and the properties of nuclear matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haensel, P.

1977-01-01

The charge symmetry breaking (CSB) component of the nuclear forces yields the charge asymmetric term Esub(a)(N-Z)/A in the nuclear binding energy of nuclear matter. Calculation performed with several models of the CSB nuclear forces, and accounting for the strong short-range two-body correlations, gives Esub(a) approximately -0.2 MeV at the normal nuclear density. The charge asymmetry of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is determined primarily by the CSB nuclear forces at the neutron excess, observed in finite nuclei. The exclusion principle and dispersion (self-consistency) effects of the nuclear medium decrease this charge asymmetry. (author)

Nuclear disarmament verification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeVolpi, A.

1993-01-01

Arms control treaties, unilateral actions, and cooperative activities -- reflecting the defusing of East-West tensions -- are causing nuclear weapons to be disarmed and dismantled worldwide. In order to provide for future reductions and to build confidence in the permanency of this disarmament, verification procedures and technologies would play an important role. This paper outlines arms-control objectives, treaty organization, and actions that could be undertaken. For the purposes of this Workshop on Verification, nuclear disarmament has been divided into five topical subareas: Converting nuclear-weapons production complexes, Eliminating and monitoring nuclear-weapons delivery systems, Disabling and destroying nuclear warheads, Demilitarizing or non-military utilization of special nuclear materials, and Inhibiting nuclear arms in non-nuclear-weapons states. This paper concludes with an overview of potential methods for verification

International conference on nuclear physics. Nuclear shells - 50 years. Summaries of reports

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khazov, Yu.A.

1999-01-01

Abstracts of reports made at the 49 meeting on nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear structure are presented. This meeting took place in April 21-24, 1999, at Dubna, Russia. The International Conference Nuclear Shells - 50 years took place in the framework of the 49 meeting. Results of experimental investigations of nuclear properties and nuclear reaction mechanisms are given. Problems of the theoretical description of nuclear structures and nuclear reactions are discussed. The particular attention is given to nuclear spectroscopy technique and its using for applied researches

On China's Nuclear Doctrine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xia Liping

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nuclear weapons have played an important role in China's national strategy. China’s nuclear doctrine has a very strong continuity. Nevertheless, China has made readjustments in its nuclear doctrine according to the changes of its internal and external situation and its general strategic threat perception. China’s nuclear doctrine has experienced a process of evolution from anti-nuclear blackmail to minimum deterrence. There are five major parts in China's nuclear doctrine: policy of declaration, nuclear development, nuclear deployment, nuclear employment, and nuclear disarmament. Because China is faced with a different situation from other nuclear powers and has its own strategic culture, China has a nuclear doctrine with its own characteristics. China’s nuclear doctrine has been affiliated with and has served the national development strategy, national security strategy, national defense policy and military strategy of China.

Nuclear proliferation and terrorism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1977-01-01

This section of the book, Part III, has two chapters (9 and 10). Chapter 9, Nuclear Power and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, is disucssed under these subjects: nuclear nonproliferation: origins and status; requirements for nuclear weapons manufacture; current nuclear programs and proliferation capabilities; encouraging decisions to forego weapons; arms control; safeguards; attitudes and expectations. Chapter 10, Nuclear Terrorism, discusses these areas: theft of nuclear materials; attacks on nuclear reactors; responding to nuclear terrorism; security and civil liberties

The World Nuclear University - A pillar of the nuclear renaissance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nigon, Jean-Louis [World Nuclear University Working Groups, Carlton House, 22a St. James' s Square, London SW1Y 4JH (United Kingdom)

2006-07-01

The World Nuclear University was founded with the support of four leading international nuclear institutions - two of them inter-governmental organisations (IAEA and OECD/NEA), the other two bodies serving the industry and its operators (WNA and WANO). Inaugurated in September 2003 on the 50. anniversary of President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace speech, the WNU started working a year later upon the arrival of the first staff members. Today there is a tremendous disparity in the nuclear industry between the pace of the unfolding nuclear renaissance, which is gathering momentum by the day, and the slower pace at which we are educating a new generation of nuclear scientists and engineers. The WNU aims to be instrumental in creating a network of leading institutions of nuclear learning in order to help fill this gap. The emerging worldwide partnership aims to: - Enhance nuclear education amongst its members, - Establish globally accepted standards in academic and professional qualification, and - Elevate the prestige of the nuclear profession. Prior to the establishment of WNU, many leading educational institutions of nuclear learning had already launched cooperation on a regional basis, as follows (country or region/network): United States/NEDHO (Nuclear Engineering Department Head Organization); Canada/UNENE (University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering in Canada); Asia/ANENT (Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology); Europe/ENEN (European Nuclear Education Network); Russia/WNU Russian Branch. Thus the WNU can be seen to a certain extent as a 'network of networks', although it should be stressed that many of the current WNU members did not belong to already existing networks. By creating a global network, the WNU avoids the duplication of efforts and limits the total number of staff required. The WNU does not lose sight of the fact, however, that local problems should be solved locally. Ten Working Groups share between them the

State fund of decommissioning of nuclear installations and handling of spent nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes (Slovak Republic)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozma, Milos

2006-01-01

State Fund for Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations and Handling of Spent Nuclear Fuels and Nuclear Wastes was established by the Act 254/1994 of the National Council of the Slovak Republic as a special-purpose fund which concentrates financial resources intended for decommissioning of nuclear installations and for handling of spent nuclear fuels and radioactive wastes. The Act was amended in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The Fund is legal entity and independent from operator of nuclear installations Slovak Power Facilities Inc. The Fund is headed by Director, who is appointed and recalled by Minister of Economy of the Slovak Republic. Sources of the Fund are generated from: a) contributions by nuclear installation operators; b) penalties imposed by Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic upon natural persons and legal entities pursuant to separate regulation; c) bank credits; d) interest on Fund deposits in banks; e) grants from State Budget; f) other sources as provided by special regulation. Fund resources may be used for the following purposes: a) decommissioning of nuclear installations; b) handling of spent nuclear fuels and radioactive wastes after the termination of nuclear installation operation; c) handling of radioactive wastes whose originator is not known, including occasionally seized radioactive wastes and radioactive materials stemming from criminal activities whose originator is not known, as confirmed by Police Corps investigator or Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic; d) purchase of land for the establishment of nuclear fuel and nuclear waste repositories; e) research and development in the areas of decommissioning of nuclear installations and handling of nuclear fuels and radioactive wastes after the termination of the operation of nuclear installations; f) selection of localities, geological survey, preparation, design, construction, commissioning, operation and closure of repositories of spent nuclear fuels and radioactive wastes

The nuclear controversy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walske, C.; Dobkin, R.A.

1984-01-01

The article deals with the nuclear controversy, especially in the United States. To a certain extent the nuclear debate has become heavily politicised. Public opinion and anti-nuclear groups are mentioned as well as nuclear disarmament

Nuclear awaits 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collier, J.G.

1992-01-01

When the UK electricity industry was privatised, the Government stated that in 1994 it would undertake a review of the prospects for nuclear power. The future role of nuclear power will be viewed against the improved performance of the nuclear utilities; the success being achieved on the construction of Sizewell B; and the economics taking into account environmental benefits. The chairman of Nuclear Electric reviews the current position of Nuclear Power in Britain and puts the case for nuclear power in the future. (author)

Nuclear Medicine and Application of Nuclear Techniques in Medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiharto, Kunto

1996-01-01

The use of nuclear techniques medicine covers not only nuclear medicine and radiology in strict sense but also determination of body mineral content by neutron activation analysis and x-ray fluorescence technique either in vitro or in vivo, application of radioisotopes as tracers in pharmacology and biochemistry, etc. This paper describes the ideal tracer in nuclear medicine, functional and morphological imaging, clinical aspect and radiation protection in nuclear medicine. Nuclear technique offers facilities and chances related to research activities and services in medicine. The development of diagnostic as well as therapeutic methods using monoclonal antibodies labeled with radioisotope will undoubtedly play an important role in the disease control

Nuclear proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stencel, S.

1978-01-01

The terms and reactions to President Carter's nuclear policy, culminating in the 1978 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, are reviewed and analyzed. The new law increases restrictions on nuclear exports, encourages continued use of light water reactors in preference to plutonium-fueled reactors, and emphasizes technical solutions to proliferation problems. Critics of the law point out that it will hurt U.S. trade unfairly, that other countries do not have as many fuel options as the U.S. has, and that nuclear sales have as many political and economic as technical solutions. Compromise areas include new international safety guidelines, the possibility of an international nuclear fuel bank, and a willingness to consider each case on its merits. 21 references

Nuclear forensics: a comprehensive model action plan for Nuclear Forensics Laboratory in India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deshmukh, A.V.; Nyati, S.; Fatangre, N.M.; Raghav, N.K.; Reddy, P.G.

2013-01-01

Nuclear forensic is an emerging and highly specialized discipline which deals with nuclear investigation and analysis of nuclear or radiological/radioactive materials. Nuclear Forensic analysis includes various methodology and analytical methods along with morphology, physical, chemical, elemental and isotopic analysis to characterize and develop nuclear database for the identification of unknown nuclear or radiological/radioactive material. The origin, source history, pathway and attribution of unknown radioactive/nuclear material is possible with certainty through Nuclear Forensics. Establishment of Nuclear Forensic Laboratory and development of expertise for nuclear investigation under one roof by developing the nuclear data base and laboratory network is need of the hour to ably address the problems of all the law enforcement and nuclear agencies. The present study provides insight in Nuclear Forensics and focuses on an urgent need for a comprehensive plan to set up Nuclear Forensic Laboratory across India. (author)

Efficacy of nuclear forensics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazi, Reshmi

2011-01-01

In a strange turn of history, the threat of global nuclear war has gone down, but the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up. The danger of nuclear terrorism and ways to thwart it, tackle it and manage it in the event of an attack is increasingly gaining the attention of nuclear analysts all over the world. There is rising awareness among nuclear experts to develop mechanisms to prevent, deter and deal with the threat of nuclear terrorism. Nuclear specialists are seeking to develop and improve the science of nuclear forensics so as to provide faster analysis during a crisis. Nuclear forensics can play an important role in detecting illicit nuclear materials to counter trafficking in nuclear and radiological materials. An effective nuclear forensic and attribution strategy can enable policy makers, decision makers and technical managers to respond to situations involving interception of special nuclear materials

Nuclear energy, the climate and nuclear disarmament

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, V.

1998-01-01

The main concern of Pugwash, with very good reason, is nuclear disarmament, but a negative attitude towards nuclear energy is not only futile, but counterproductive as it misses opportunities to appropriately influence its development. Since nuclear energy cannot be abandoned for ecological (decrease in greenhouse gases emission) and economic reasons as a long term energy source, then efforts should be devoted to make it safe from proliferation, which is possible from scientific and technological point of view

Nuclear methods and the nuclear equation of state

CERN Document Server

1999-01-01

The theoretical study of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) is a field of research which deals with most of the fundamental problems of nuclear physics. This book gives an overview of the present status of the microscopic theory of the nuclear EOS. Its aim is essentially twofold: first, to serve as a textbook for students entering the field, by covering the different subjects as exhaustively and didactically as possible; second, to be a reference book for all researchers active in the theory of nuclear matter, by providing a report on the latest developments. Special emphasis is given to the

Nuclear accidents and safety measures of domestic nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song Zurong; Che Shuwei; Pan Xiang

2012-01-01

Based on the design standards for the safety of nuclear and radiation in nuclear power plants, the three accidents in the history of nuclear power are analyzed. And the main factors for these accidents are found out, that is, human factors and unpredicted natural calamity. By combining the design and operation parameters of domestic nuclear plants, the same accidents are studied and some necessary preventive schemes are put forward. In the security operation technology of domestic nuclear power plants nowadays, accidents caused by human factors can by prevented completely. But the safety standards have to be reconsidered for the unpredicted neutral disasters. How to reduce the hazard of nuclear radiation and leakage to the level that can be accepted by the government and public when accidents occur under extreme conditions during construction and operation of nuclear power plants must be considered adequately. (authors)

US nuclear policy and business trend of Japan's nuclear industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuo, Yuji

2010-01-01

As several countries in the east-Asia and middle-east area have been taking an increasing interest in the deployment of nuclear power generation, Japan's nuclear industries have promoted international business activities including the success in the bid of second nuclear power plants in Vietnam. While there are plans for more than thirty of new reactors in the US, the lifetime extension of existing aged reactors, development of non-existing natural gas and trend of greenhouse gases reduction measures have dampened these plans and probably most of new units will not start construction by 2030. This article reviewed the details of US's new nuclear power introduction, trend of recent government's policies, future perspective of nuclear power construction and business trend of Japan's nuclear industries. Japan's industries should be flexible regarding nuclear power as one option to realize low-carbon society. (T. Tanaka)

Nuclear physics, neutron physics and nuclear energy. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrejtscheff, W.; Elenkov, D.

1994-01-01

The book contains of proceedings of XI International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Nuclear Energy organized traditionally every two years by Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Physics Department of Sofia University held near the city of Varna. It provides a good insight to the large range of theoretical and experimental results, prospects, problems, difficulties and challenges which are at the core of nuclear physics today. The efforts and achievements of scientists to search for new phenomena in nuclei at extreme circumstances as superdeformation and band crossing in nuclear structure understanding are widely covered. From this point of view the achievements and future in the field of high-precision γ-spectroscopy are included. Nuclear structure models and methods, models for strong interaction, particle production and properties, resonance theory and its application in reactor physics are comprised also. (V.T.)

Nuclear famine: The indirect effects of nuclear war

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harwell, M.A.; Harwell, C.C.

1986-01-01

The indirect effects of a nuclear war, especially as mediated by disruption in food availability, could be much more extensive than the direct effects. Furthermore, this risk is especially severe for noncombatant countries - for the 4 billion or so humans expected to survive the immediate period after a nuclear war relatively physically unharmed. Thus, a fundamentally different picture of the post-nuclear-war world results, where a large-scale nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union would probably result in more eventual fatalities in India than in the United States and the Soviet Union combined, and more people would die on the African continent than in all of Europe. Rather than reflecting images of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a modern nuclear war would, for most of the people of the world, much more resemble current images of Ethiopia and the Sudan

Building Foundations for Nuclear Security Enterprise Analysis Utilizing Nuclear Weapon Data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Josserand, Terry Michael [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Nuclear Security Enterprise and Cost Analysis; Young, Leone [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Nuclear Security Enterprise and Cost Analysis; Chamberlin, Edwin Phillip [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Nuclear Security Enterprise and Cost Analysis

2017-09-01

The Nuclear Security Enterprise, managed by the National Nuclear Security Administration - a semiautonomous agency within the Department of Energy - has been associated with numerous assessments with respect to the estimating, management capabilities, and practices pertaining to nuclear weapon modernization efforts. This report identifies challenges in estimating and analyzing the Nuclear Security Enterprise through an analysis of analogous timeframe conditions utilizing two types of nuclear weapon data - (1) a measure of effort and (2) a function of time. The analysis of analogous timeframe conditions that utilizes only two types of nuclear weapon data yields four summary observations that estimators and analysts of the Nuclear Security Enterprise will find useful.

Nuclear and radiochemistry

CERN Document Server

Konya, Jozsef

2012-01-01

The field of nuclear and radiochemistry is wide-reaching, with results having functions and use across a variety of disciplines. Drawing on 40 years of experience in teaching and research, this concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemistry. Separate chapters cover each main area of recent radiochemistry. This includes nuclear medicine and chemical aspects of nuclear power plants, namely the problems of nuclear wastes and nuclear analysis (both bulk and surface analysis), with the analytical methods based on the interactions of

Nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhn, W.

1986-01-01

This loose-leaf collection is made up of five didactically prepared units covering the following subjects: basic knowledge on nuclear energy, nuclear energy in relation to energy economy, site issues, environmental compatibility of nuclear energy, and nuclear energy in the focus of political and social action. To this was added a comprehensive collection of material: specific scientific background material, a multitude of tables, diagrams, charts etc. for copying, as well as 44 transparent charts, mostly in four colours. (orig./HP) [de

Outreach activity by using three-dimensional nuclear chart. Understanding nuclear physics and nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koura, Hiroyuki

2015-01-01

A three-dimensional nuclear chart is constructed with toy blocks for usage of outreach activity related on nuclear physics and atomic energy. The height of each block represents quantities like atomic mass per nucleon, the total half-life, etc. The bulk properties of the nuclei can be easily understood by using these charts. Explanations for the energy generation of nuclear fusion and fission are visually given. In addition, we newly set another chart with blocks of fission fragment mass distribution from U-235 + a thermal neutron. As an example, the origin of abundances of rather radioactive isotopes like Sr-90 and Cs-137 is explained which created in nuclear reactor and also distributed in the eastern side of Fukushima prefecture due to the accident of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Using our charts, lectures entitled 'Alchemy of the Universe' were delivered to high schools and public places. (author)

Nuclear energy data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-01-01

Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of basic statistics on electricity generation and nuclear power in OECD countries. The reader will find quick and easy reference to the present status of and projected trends in total electricity generating capacity, nuclear generating capacity, and actual electricity production as well as on supply and demand for nuclear fuel cycle services [fr

Nuclear legislation: analytical study. Regulatory and institutional framework for nuclear activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

Australia' s basic legislation in the nuclear field consists in five Acts passed by the Federal Parliament. These Acts are as follow: the South Pacific nuclear free zone treaty Act; the nuclear non-proliferation act; the Australian nuclear science and technology organisation act; the Australian nuclear science and technology organisation amendment act; the radiation protection and nuclear safety act. The two first Acts were prompted by the need for domestic legislation to implement Australia 's international obligations. The third arose from a long-standing recognition that the Atomic energy Act was inappropriate as the legislative basis for the activities of Australia 's national nuclear organisation. For its part the fourth Act introduced some necessary changes into the Australian nuclear science and technology organisation Act. Finally, the fifth act establishes a regime to regulate the operation of nuclear installations and the management of radiation sources, where the activities are undertaken by Commonwealth entities. Each of these Acts is discussed in more details in this work. (N.C.)

In defiance of nuclear deterrence: anti-nuclear New Zealand after two decades.

Science.gov (United States)

Reitzig, Andreas

2006-01-01

In 1984, nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered vessels were banned from New Zealand to express the country's rejection of the nuclear deterrence concept. This led to a disagreement with the United States. Today, the ban on nuclear-powered ships is the only element of the nuclear-free legislation that still strains US-New Zealand relations. This article presents the reasons for the ban on nuclear-powered ships, which include scientific safety concerns, a symbolic rejection of the nuclear deterrence posture, and patriotic factors such as a nuclear-free national identity. The military and economic consequences of the ban are also examined. Since the ban on nuclear-powered vessels appears to be neither widely known abroad nor commonly recognised as a supportive disarmament measure outside New Zealand, it is concluded that whatever the future of this ban will be, New Zealand's anti-nuclear image will remain known internationally through the ban on nuclear arms.

Nuclear Materials Diversion Safety and the Long-term Future of Nuclear Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, V.

2002-01-01

Primarily due to irresponsible cold war politics of nuclear weapon countries nuclear proliferation situation is little short of getting out of control. In addition to five nominal nuclear weapon countries there are at present at least three more nuclear weapon countries and several countries with nuclear weapon potential. Non-proliferation treaty (NPT), signed in 1970, has been recognized by most non-nuclear weapon countries as unjust and ineffective. After the initial, deliberate, nuclear weapon developments of five nominal nuclear weapon countries, subsequent paths to nuclear weapons have been preceded by nominal peaceful use of nuclear energy. Uranium enrichment installations as well as reprocessing installations in non-nuclear weapon countries are the weakest spots of fuel cycle for diversion of nuclear materials either by governments or by illicit groups. An energy scenario, which would, by the end of century, replace the large part of fossil fuels use through extension of present nuclear practices, would mean very large increase in a number of such installations, with corresponding increase of the probability of diversion of nuclear materials. Such future is not acceptable from the point of view of proliferation safety. Recent events make it clear, that it cannot be accepted from the requirements of nuclear terrorism safety either. Nuclear community should put it clearly to their respective governments that the time has come to put general interest before the supposed national interest, by placing all enrichment and reprocessing installations under full international control. Such internationalization has a chance to be accepted by non-nuclear weapon countries, only in case should it apply to nuclear weapon countries as well, without exception. Recent terrorist acts, however horrible they were, are child,s play compared with possible acts of nuclear terrorism. Nuclear energy can be made proliferation safe and diversion of nuclear materials safe, and provide

Nuclear nonproliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neubert, M.

1992-01-01

The following motion was put before the United Kingdom House of Commons on 3rd February 1992 and agreed; that this House, recognising the potential dangers of the rapidly changing world order, welcomes the recent proposals for substantial reductions in nuclear weaponry, the growing support for the non-proliferation treaty and progress in the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions concerning the dismantling of Iraqi nuclear, chemical and biological capabilities; urges the Government to play their full part in helping the relevant authorities in the Commonwealth of Independent States to dismantle their nuclear devices, to safeguard their nuclear components and to discourage the proliferation of nuclear expertise; and believes it is of the first importance that Britain retains an effective and credible minimum nuclear deterrent as security in a world where there remain many sources of instability. The record of arguments for and against the motion in the debate is presented. (author)

Nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, P.

1990-01-01

Written from the basis of neutrality, neither for nor against nuclear power this book considers whether there are special features of nuclear power which mean that its development should be either promoted or restrained by the State. The author makes it dear that there are no easy answers to the questions raised by the intervention of nuclear power but calls for openness in the nuclear decision making process. First, the need for energy is considered; most people agree that energy is the power to progress. Then the historicalzed background to the current position of nuclear power is given. Further chapters consider the fuel cycle, environmental impacts including carbon dioxide emission and the greenhouse effect, the costs, safety and risks and waste disposal. No conclusion either for or against nuclear power is made. The various shades of opinion are outlined and the arguments presented so that readers can come to their own conclusions. (UK)

Nuclear chemistry research for the safe disposal of nuclear waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fanghaenel, Thomas

2011-01-01

The safe disposal of high-level nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel is of key importance for the future sustainable development of nuclear energy. Concepts foresee the isolation of the nuclear waste in deep geological formations. The long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste is dominated by plutonium and the minor actinides. Hence it is essential for the performance assessment of a nuclear waste disposal to understand the chemical behaviour of actinides in a repository system. The aqueous chemistry and thermodynamics of actinides is rather complex in particular due to their very rich redox chemistry. Recent results of our detailed study of the Plutonium and Neptunium redox - and complexation behaviour are presented and discussed. (author)

Nuclear safeguards control in nuclear power stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boedege, R.; Braatz, U.; Heger, H.

1976-01-01

The execution of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has initiated a third phase in the efforts taken to ensure peace by limiting the number of atomic powers. In this phase it is important, above all, to turn into workable systems the conditions imposed upon technology by the different provisions of the Verification Agreement of the NPT. This is achieved mainly by elaborating annexes to the Agreement specifically geared to certain model plants, typical representatives selected for LWR power stations being the plants at Garigliano, Italy (BWR), and Stade, Federal Republic of Germany (PWR). The surveillance measures taken to prevent any diversion of special nuclear material for purposes of nuclear weapons manufacture must be effective in achieving their specific objective and must not impede the circumspect management of operations of the plants concerned. A VDEW working party has studied the technical details of the planned surveillance measures in nuclear power stations in the Federal Republic of Germany and now presents a concept of material balancing by units which meets the conditions imposed by the inspection authority and could also be accepted by the operators of nuclear power stations. The concept provides for uninterrupted control of the material balance areas of the nuclear power stations concerned, allows continuous control of the whole nuclear fuel cycle, is based exclusively on existing methods and facilities, and can be implemented at low cost. (orig.) [de

Nuclear power controversy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murphy, A.W.

1976-01-01

Arthur W. Murphy in the introductory chapter cites the issues, pro and con, concerning nuclear power. In assessing the present stance, he first looks back to the last American Assembly on nuclear power, held October 1957 and notes its accomplishments. He summarizes the six papers of this book, which focus on nuclear power to the end of this century. Chapter I, Safety Aspects of Nuclear Energy, by David Bodansky and Fred Schmidt, deals with the technical aspects of reactor safety as well as waste storage and plutonium diversion. Chapter 2, The Economics of Electric Power Generation--1975-2000, by R. Michael Murray, Jr., focuses specifically on coal-fired and nuclear plants. Chapter 3, How Can We Get the Nuclear Job Done, by Fritz Heimann, identifies actions that must take place to develop nuclear power in the U.S. and who should build the reprocessing plants. Chapter 4, by Arthur Murphy, Nuclear Power Plant Regulation, discusses the USNRC operation and the Price-Anderson Act specifically. Chapter 5, Nuclear Exports and Nonproliferation Strategy, by John G. Palfrey, treats the international aspects of the problem with primary emphasis upon the situation of the U.S. as an exporter of technology. Chapter 6, by George Kistiakowsky, Nuclear Power: How Much Is Too Much, expresses doubt about the nuclear effort, at least in the short run

Synergy in the areas of NPP nuclear safety and nuclear security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dybach, A.M.; Kuzmyak, I.Ya.; Kukhotskij, A.V.

2013-01-01

The paper considers the question of synergy between nuclear safety and nuclear security. Special attention is paid to identifying interface of the two areas of safety and definition of common principles for nuclear security and nuclear safety measures. The principles of defense in depth, safety culture and graded approach are analyzed in detail.Specific features characteristic of nuclear safety and security are outlined

Nuclear safety based on nuclear knowledge - A Romanian approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valeca, S.C.; Popescu, D.

2007-01-01

Full text: The recognized 'father' of the nuclear field, the scientist A. Einstein inherited us with a CONTRADICTION. On one hand he was the supporter of researches in the nuclear field, but on the other hand, when he saw the first devastating results of the atomic explosions he suddenly became a fervent opponent. In such conditions, the nuclear field made its first step in the conscience of humanity. Unfortunately it was a left first step. For this reason and also because of the nuclear incidents passed over the history of the field and due to yet unclear strategies regarding the final disposal of radioactive waste, a part of public opinion 'embraced' the concept 'NIMBY - Not In My Back Yard'. At present and for the future we have to fight against this concept in order to transform it in 'PIMY - Please In My Yard'. As a consequence, alongside numerous activities well-known by the specialists in the field, regulated and authorized by the regulatory body in the nuclear field, associated programmes for the CONTINUOUS qualification and education of human resources are needed. The Concept of Nuclear Security covers all the activities resulted from the nuclear fuel cycle. Taking into consideration the international experience in this field in our country's case, these activities were estimated for periods of approximately 70 years, as following: 10 years: the characterization and selection of the site, the design, construction and the commission of a nuclear power plant; 40 years: the operation, maintenance and modernization of a nuclear power plant; 20 years: the preservation for the decommissioning and the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant. In all these stages until present Romania based a lot on the indigene component regarding the activities of research and development, design, construction - assembling, exploitation and maintenance (both for NPP Unit 1 and Unit 2, where this component was approximately of 50%). In such conditions, it was needed the