Perceptions of decisional uutonomy of Turkish adolescents and their parents

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Nermin Celen

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This study attempted to investigate decisional autonomy in Turkish adolescents from 12 to 18 years. The Perspectives on Adolescent Decision Making (PADM questionnaire was administered to 372 middle class adolescents who attend middle and high schools and to their parents. The PADM assess if adolescents decide for themselves, or parents impose restrictions or adolescents and parents have arguments about the topic. MANOVA analyzes were used. Results showed that affirmative answers increased with age. From adolescent and parents' perspectives adolescent decisional autonomy grows with age, parental control decreases, conflicts between them tended to decrease, on the perspective of parents. There was minor gender differences: girls have higher level of decisional autonomy; boys experience more conflict. Adolescents' decisional autonomy expectations tended to be higher than those of parents. Fathers' and mothers' perspectives on decisional autonomy were very similar. The results support the new family model proposed by Kaðýtçýbaþý.

Treatment-related decisional conflict in patients with depressive and anxious disorders

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De las Cuevas C

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Carlos De las Cuevas,1 Ramsés Marrero,1 Casimiro Cabrera21Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; 2Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaPurpose: To determine the level of treatment-related decisional conflict in patients with emotional disorders and to establish its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on a convenience sample of 321 consecutive psychiatric outpatients with emotional disorders. All patients completed self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and clinical variables, patients’ preference of participation in decision making, perceived decisional conflict about treatment, adherence to prescribed treatment, and satisfaction with the psychiatric care provided. Multiple correspondences analysis was used to investigate relationships of decisional conflict with the variables of interest.Results: Approximately, two-thirds of psychiatric outpatients self-reported decisional conflict regarding their treatment. Interestingly, the presence of decisional conflict did not influence significantly patients’ preferences of participation or their adherence to prescribed treatment. Patients without decisional conflict registered significantly higher satisfaction. Multiple correspondences analysis evidenced two clear profiles: patients without decisional conflict received the treatment they preferred, mainly psychotherapy or combined treatment, had been under psychiatric treatment for longer than 5 years, and self-reported high satisfaction with health care received; on the other hand, patients with decisional conflict did not receive the treatment they preferred, were treated with pharmacotherapy alone for a period of time between 1 and 5 years, and self-reported medium satisfaction with received health care.Conclusion: The high level of

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES. A SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONAL FACTORS AND PROCESS

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Livia Oltean

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Having an increased complexity, the internationalization process of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs becomes, in the context of globalization and of the freedom of circulation of goods, services, and capital, a decisive factor of both the evolution of the company and the economic force distribution report on the market. The evolution of the world economic system opened a wide action field for small and medium sized companies, who had to adapt to new rules. The internationalization of SMEs is no longer an option, but it becomes a condition of their existence. A high importance in this process belongs to the way decisions are made, both regarding the target market and the entry option, the way entry barriers are overcome and the promotional techniques in this extended business environment. A synthetic analysis of the decisional factors and process is needed in order to fully and correctly understand the internationalization strategies adopted by SMEs. This paper is built around three major objectives, with the scope of determining the SMEs’ internationalization decisions, as well s the impediments met in the process. The paper contributes to the literature in the field of the internationalization of SMEs through the analysis and interpretation of the results acquired during the study regarding their behavior towards the activity expansion on international markets.

General recognition theory with individual differences: a new method for examining perceptual and decisional interactions with an application to face perception.

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Soto, Fabian A; Vucovich, Lauren; Musgrave, Robert; Ashby, F Gregory

2015-02-01

A common question in perceptual science is to what extent different stimulus dimensions are processed independently. General recognition theory (GRT) offers a formal framework via which different notions of independence can be defined and tested rigorously, while also dissociating perceptual from decisional factors. This article presents a new GRT model that overcomes several shortcomings with previous approaches, including a clearer separation between perceptual and decisional processes and a more complete description of such processes. The model assumes that different individuals share similar perceptual representations, but vary in their attention to dimensions and in the decisional strategies they use. We apply the model to the analysis of interactions between identity and emotional expression during face recognition. The results of previous research aimed at this problem have been disparate. Participants identified four faces, which resulted from the combination of two identities and two expressions. An analysis using the new GRT model showed a complex pattern of dimensional interactions. The perception of emotional expression was not affected by changes in identity, but the perception of identity was affected by changes in emotional expression. There were violations of decisional separability of expression from identity and of identity from expression, with the former being more consistent across participants than the latter. One explanation for the disparate results in the literature is that decisional strategies may have varied across studies and influenced the results of tests of perceptual interactions, as previous studies lacked the ability to dissociate between perceptual and decisional interactions.

Intelligent Decisional Assistant that Facilitate the Choice of a Proper Computer System Applied in Busines

OpenAIRE

Nicolae MARGINEAN

2009-01-01

The choice of a proper computer system is not an easy task for a decider. One reason could be the present market development of computer systems applied in business. The big number of the Romanian market players determines a big number of computerized products, with a multitude of various properties. Our proposal tries to optimize and facilitate this decisional process within an e-shop where are sold IT packets applied in business, building an online decisional assistant, a special component ...

Aporte de enfermería a la toma de decisiones en salud

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Angélica Mosqueda-Díaz

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el ámbito sanitario tomar decisiones es una situación frecuente, aunque potencialmente difícil, ya sea por las características del(la usuario(a, del contexto o de la situación de salud. Esto provoca conflicto decisional en los(as usuarios(as. El presente artículo se propone analizar conceptualmente la toma de decisiones en salud y los aportes realizados desde enfermería para comprender y enfrentar el fenómeno. Así, el Modelo de Toma de Decisiones en Salud de Ottawa, propuesto por la enfermera Annette O'Connor, surge como una herramienta útil para que las(os enfermeras(os realicen intervenciones efectivas con personas que se enfrentan a problemas decisionales, donde además el(la usuario(a puede asumir una participación más activa en las decisiones sobre su propia salud.

Decisional style, mood and work communication: email diaries.

Science.gov (United States)

Shirren, S; Phillips, J G

2011-10-01

To understand the use of technology to support interpersonal interaction, a theory of decisional style was applied to email use within the workplace. Previous research has used self-report and rating scales to address employee email behaviours, but this falls short of management's capability to monitor the actual behaviour. Thirty-nine employed individuals completed a five-day communication diary recording their actual behaviour upon receiving personal and work-related emails as well as the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. It was found that vigilant individuals were more likely to use email in an efficient manner by deleting personal email and being less likely to open email later. Procrastinators, buckpassers and people experiencing high levels of negative affect were all more likely to delay dealing with email, which could be viewed as dealing with email in a less efficient manner. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This work offers insights as to how people receive and process emails and is thus relevant to the development and implementation of collaborative technologies. Whilst other studies use individual's self-reports, this study uses a more accurate communication diary. Decisional style can predict the monitoring and response to electronic communication.

On risk and decisional capacity.

Science.gov (United States)

Checkland, D

2001-02-01

Limits to paternalism are, in the liberal democracies, partially defined by the concepts of decision-making capacity/incapacity (mental competence/incompetence). The paper is a response to Ian Wilks's (1997) recent attempt to defend the idea that the standards for decisional capacity ought to vary with the degree of risk incurred by certain choices. Wilks's defense is based on a direct appeal to the logical features of examples and analogies, thus attempting to by-pass earlier criticisms (e.g., Culver & Gert, 1990) of risk-based standards. Wilks's argument is found wanting on the grounds that he misconstrues the logic of such capacity, especially in accounting for conceptual and pragmatic ties with issues of decisional authority. A diagnosis is offered as to the source of Wilks's error (the assumption that mental competence is a species of wider genus of "competence"), and an alternative way of accounting for risk within the predominant contemporary legal framework is sketched.

78 FR 76100 - Newspapers Used for Publication of Legal Notices for Pre-Decisional Administrative Review...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-16

...- Decisional Administrative Review Processes and Decisions Subject to Notice, Comment and Appeal Procedures... constructive notice of a decision, to provide clear evidence of timely notice, and to achieve consistency in administering appeal and objection processes. DATES: Publication of legal notices in the listed newspapers...

32 CFR 865.121 - Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries. 865.121 Section 865.121 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF... Board § 865.121 Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries. Former members of the Air...

Decisiones estratégicas desde una perspectiva empresarial

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Argelio Antonio Hidalgo Ávila

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La toma de decisiones es la actividad fundamental que desempeñan los administradores de empresas y en la actualidad se enfrentan a retos constantes y cambios del entorno. El objetivo de la investigación es mostrar el uso de herramientas cuantitativas, como el principio de Pareto y el análisis del umbral de rentabilidad, en la toma de decisiones empresariales, partiendo del conocimiento de los diferentes tipos de decisiones y sus elementos constitutivos. Se utilizó el enfoque basado en el método científico de problemas de gestión y decisión en la empresa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo, a través de la aplicación de estas dos herramientas, se pueden establecer las diferentes estrategias de comercialización, distribución, control de inventarios, planes de ventas, que contribuyen al desarrollo del pensamiento estratégico, de capacidades y ventajas competitivas que garantizan el éxito y la supervivencia de la empresa a largo plazo.

Modelo interrelacionado de decisiones

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Edwin Haramoto Nishikimoto

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Propone la implementación de un sistema interrelacionado de decisiones que permita superar los problemas que enfrentan los agentes que participan en las áreas de trabajo involucradas en la acción habitacional. Para estos describe cuatro modelos (habitacional, de decisión, de información y de alternativas habitacionales que permiten ordenar, relacionar, agrupar y jerarquizar todos los componentes del proceso habitacional

Influence of a patient decision aid on decisional conflict related to PSA testing: a structural equation model.

Science.gov (United States)

Stephens, Robert L; Xu, Ye; Volk, Robert J; Scholl, Lawrence E; Kamin, Stephanie L; Holden, E Wayne; Stroud, Leonardo A

2008-11-01

To examine the impact of a decision aid (DA) designed to promote informed decision making for screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and to test a theoretical model of factors influencing decisional conflict. Structural equation modeling examined pathways between DA exposure, knowledge, schema, prostate cancer risk perceptions, decisional anxiety, and decisional conflict. Sample participants included 200 men from the general population (exclusive of African Americans) and 200 African American men. Half of the men in each subsample were randomly assigned to receive the DA. Decisional conflict regarding prostate cancer screening. The DA influences level of decisional conflict by increasing patient knowledge. This effect of knowledge on decisional conflict is indirect, however, through an association with greater perceived risk and lower decisional anxiety. Also, positive PSA schema was associated with lower decisional anxiety and decisional conflict. It is important that exposure to the DA had no impact on PSA schema. Schemas about testing must be considered in developing messages about the risks and benefits of testing. If schemas are counter to message content, mechanisms for modifying schemas must be incorporated into interventions.

Automatización Fuzzy aplicado en la contabilidad decisional

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Jaime Tinto Arandes

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la automatización en los instrumentos que la teoría de la incertidumbre contiene, dentro de las ciencias contables como herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones debido a la necesidad de darle al área contable una visión predictiva y dinámica. Con ello se pretende ir introduciendo los conceptos de la teoría de la incertidumbre para la construcción de los balances previsionales de situación y unos estados previsionales de resultados, donde quede atrapada toda la incertidumbre reinante en un horizonte de mediano y largo plazo para la correcta toma de decisiones. Para ello, es necesario partir del dato contable actual cierto, plasmado en los balances generales de la empresa y en los estados de resultados financieros, técnicas como el expertizaje y el contra-expertizaje, entre otras. Palabras clave: Modelo, contabilidad decisional, construcción.

Instrumentos Fuzzy para la toma de decisiones en las ciencias contables

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Jaime Tinto Arandes

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la teoría de la incertidumbre dentro de las Ciencias Contables como elemento fundamental para la toma de decisiones, donde surge la necesidad de dar una visión predictiva y dinámica al área contable. Se pretende partir del dato contable actual cierto, plasmado en los balances generales de la empresa y en los estados de resultados financieros, por medio de las técnicas del expertizaje y contra-expertizaje, Se ha logrado la construcción de unos balances provisionales de situación y unos estados provisionales de resultados, donde quede plasmada toda la incertidumbre reinante en un horizonte de mediano y largo plazo para la correcta toma de decisiones. Se busca que el contador sea capaz de crear modelos para la toma de decisiones a futuro, convirtiéndose en uno de los decisores indispensables que requieran las empresas en un mundo de continuos cambios. Palabras clave: Análisis, toma de decisiones, conocimiento, incertidumbre.

CONOCIMIENTO PROCEDIMENTAL Y PERFIL DECISIONAL DE JUGADORES DE VOLEIBOL DE CATEGORÍA INFANTIL

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Fernando Claver Rabaz

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El proceso de toma de decisiones ha sido explicado desde diversas perspectivas. Desde la psicología cognitiva se ha enfatizado la importancia de los procesos cognitivos y decisionales durante la acción deportiva, en tareas, fundamentalmente, de alta complejidad táctica, señalando al conocimiento táctico como elemento que orienta el proceso y que posibilita la adecuación de los planes de acción a la situación de juego.El proceso de toma de decisiones no solamente debe ser estudiado desde un punto de vista cognitivo, sino también desde una perspectiva afectiva. Al tomar una decisión, influirá tanto el conocimiento o la capacidad de captar lo más relevante de la situación en la que se encuentra el jugador, como el factor emocional, la fase de competición o las consecuencias de las decisiones, ya que la mayoría de las decisiones suponen riesgo. Se considera necesario analizar la toma de decisiones no como simple selección de la respuesta, sino atendiendo también a la complejidad e incertidumbre que genera la propia decisión en cada sujeto (Becker, 2001.Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento procedimental y el perfil decisional de jugadores del voleibol de categoría infantil.

Interpreting patient decisional conflict scores: behavior and emotions in decisions about treatment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knops, Anouk M.; Goossens, Astrid; Ubbink, Dirk T.; Legemate, Dink A.; Stalpers, Lukas J.; Bossuyt, Patrick M.

2013-01-01

Patient decision aids facilitate treatment decisions. They are often evaluated in terms of their effect on decisional conflict, as measured by the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). It is unclear to what extent lower DCS scores are accompanied by observable patient behavior or emotions. To help

QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION TO OPTIMIZE THE DECISIONAL PROCESS

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Miculescu Marius Nicolae

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article provides information on business and therefore need managers to obtain information relevant accounting, reliable, clear, accurate and lowest costs to optimize decision making. This need derives from the current economic environment. The survival of organizations in a competitive environment, to which they must adapt, is conditioned by obtaining accounting information which should be qualitative, opportune, vital, and in a short time. This information is related to patrimony, analytical results, the market (dynamics, dimensions, and structure, and relationships with business partners, competitors, suppliers. Therefore focus more intensely on the quality of accounting information. Definition of quality of accounting information but leave the boundaries and features of accounting communication process and aims to determine \\\\\\"quality criteria\\\\\\" or \\\\\\"qualitative characteristics\\\\\\" to develop a measurement tool. Note that the reviewliterature was found that the normalization and accounting dotrine, criteria for definition of quality of accounting infornation are not identical, their selection and ranking is different. Theory and practice also identifies the fact that information itself is worthless. Instead it is valuable once it is used in a decisional process. Thus, the economic value of the accounting information depends on the earnings obtained after making a decision, diminished by information cost. To be more specific, it depends on the table or on the implemented decision tree, on the informational cost and on the optimal condition established by the decision maker (due to the fact that producing accounting information implies costs which are often considerable and profits arise only form shares. The problem of convergence between content and interpretation of information sent by users also take, and the quality of information to be intelligible. In this case, those who use, say users should have sufficient

La Táctica deportiva y la toma de decisiones

OpenAIRE

López Ros, Víctor; Sargatal, Jordi; Jiménez Sánchez, Ana Concepción; Mouchet, Alain; Castejón Oliva, Francisco Javier; Terrisse, André; Lago Peñas, Carlos

2010-01-01

Este libro recoge las conferencias de las IV Jornadas de la Cátedra de Deporte y Educación Física de la UdG y I Seminario Internacional de táctica y técnica deportiva, dedicadas a "la táctica deportiva y la toma de decisiones ". En el planteamiento de este libro el lector encontrará, fundamentalmente, ideas y reflexiones alrededor del proceso de la toma de decisiones en los deportes colectivos. Desde nuestro punto de vista, este tema es especialmente trascendente en la comunidad científica de...

Parental Decisional Regret after Primary Distal Hypospadias Repair: Family and Surgery Variables, and Repair Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghidini, Filippo; Sekulovic, Sasa; Castagnetti, Marco

2016-03-01

Decisional regret is defined as distress after making a health care choice and can be an issue for parents electing distal hypospadias repair for their sons. We assessed the influence on decisional regret of variables related to the family, surgery and outcomes. Charts for 372 patients undergoing primary distal hypospadias repair between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed, and validated questionnaires, including the Decisional Regret Scale, Pediatric Penile Perception Score and Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System, were administered to parents. Data were available for 172 of 372 families (response rate 46.2%). Of 323 parents 128 (39.6%) presented with moderately strong decisional regret, with good agreement within couples. Predictors of decisional regret included intermediate parental educational level (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.52-6.69), patient not being the first born (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.07-3.78), family history of hypospadias (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.96-9.97), initial desire to avoid surgery (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.04-4.12), younger age at followup (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.91), presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.53-15.81) and lower Pediatric Penile Perception Score (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99). Decisional regret was unrelated to parental desire to avoid circumcision, surgical variables, development of complications and duration of followup. Decisional regret is a problem in a significant proportion of parents electing distal hypospadias repair for their sons. In our experience family variables seemed to be predictors of decisional regret, while surgical variables did not. Predictors of decisional regret included worse parental perception of penile appearance and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms. However, the latter could be unrelated to surgery. Irrespective of the duration of followup, decisional regret seems decreased in parents of older patients. Copyright © 2016 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc

Demencia tipo Alzheimer, deterioro cognitivo y toma de decisiones

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Aurora Moreno

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es el de conocer cómo es la toma de decisiones en la Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA en situaciones de incertidumbre, si se manifiesta la tendencia al riesgo o no, y la relación que guarda la ejecución con el status cognitivo en cada una de las áreas evaluadas por los test de cribado del deterioro cognitivo propios de las demencias. Participaron 10 pacientes con DTA, y comparados con 10 sujetos controles. Se utilizó la Prueba Cartas (basada en la Iowa Gambling Task, donde los sujetos deben elegir entre varias opciones que entrañan más o menos riesgo, y una batería de cribado del deterioro cognitivo. Los resultados reflejaron que los sujetos con DTA en etapas iniciales presentan cierta tendencia al riesgo en las decisiones que toman y no desarrollan patrones estratégicos de elección. Parece que el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de afectación en las distintas áreas se relaciona con la forma en que toman decisiones.

Emociones, toma de decisiones y consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios

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Yanina Michelini

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Según la hipótesis del marcador somático, la toma de decisiones resulta adaptativa cuando los procesos emocionales se integran a la actividad cognitiva. La primacía del sistema afectivo sobre el control cognitivo en los jóvenes se relaciona con una toma de decisiones en función de la gratificación inmediata, sin tener en cuenta posibles consecuencias perjudiciales futuras. El consumo intensivo de alcohol, muy frecuente en los jóvenes, se asocia a una acrecentada toma de decisiones desadaptativa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la toma de decisiones en jóvenes de ambos sexos consumidores moderados e intensivos de alcohol, según el tipo de inducción emocional a la que fueron expuestos. Mediante un diseño factorial con pre- y postest, se estudió la toma de decisiones en 79 participantes de 18 a 29 años, antes y después de la inducción emocional positiva o negativa. Para evaluar la toma de decisiones, se administraron las pruebas Iowa Gambling Task y Cognitive Bias Task. Para inducir emociones se utilizaron fragmentos de películas. Además, se registró la frecuencia cardíaca durante la experimentación. Como resultado, se encontró que las mujeres inducidas negativamente y los hombres inducidos positivamente obtuvieron peor rendimiento en la Iowa Gambling Task. La frecuencia cardíaca disminuyó durante las sesiones experimentales respecto del periodo basal. Los consumidores intensivos tuvieron peor rendimiento en la Cognitive Bias Task respecto de los consumidores moderados. Se concluye que la experiencia emocional y el tipo de consumo de alcohol influyen sobre la toma de decisiones en los jóvenes universitarios.

Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje en agentes artificiales inteligentes

OpenAIRE

Ferretti, Edgardo; Sosa Toranzo, Cecilia; Aguirre, Guillermo; Loyola, Juan Martín; Cagnina, Leticia; Errecalde, Marcelo Luis

2016-01-01

Este artículo describe, brevemente, las tareas de investigación y desarrollo que se están llevando a cabo en la línea de investigación “Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje automático” en el marco del proyecto “Aprendizaje automático y toma de decisiones en sistemas inteligentes para la Web”. Esta línea se centra en la formalización, diseño y desarrollo de modelos formales y mecanismos para la implementación de sistemas basados en Agentes Inteligentes. En particular, se hace especial hincapié en ...

Personalidad y toma de decisiones vocacionales en universitarios

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Cabrera, Lidia

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones entre la personalidad y la toma de decisiones vocacionales en estudiantes universitarios. La hipótesis de partida es que la personalidad eficaz está asociada a un proceso de toma de decisiones vocacionales más maduro. Para ello se administró el Cuestionario de Personalidad Eficiente y el Inventario de Factores Vocacionales a 497 estudiantes de último y penúltimo curso de carrera. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones constitutivas de la decisión vocacional en grupos extremos de alta y baja personalidad eficiente. Los resultados confirman que la personalidad eficaz está vinculada a una toma de decisión vocacional más basada en el conocimiento óptimo tanto de sí mismo como del mercado laboral.

Sesgos presentes en la toma de decisiones de los gerentes y equipos gerenciales en Lima, Perú

OpenAIRE

Galdós Jiménez, Walter Gonzalo

2010-01-01

El ambiente actual de negocios en el Perú, las empresas, frente a la complejidad de las decisiones, promueven en forma creciente decisiones individuales más rigurosas y decisiones en equipo, sobre la premisa que en conjunto, los seres humanos alcanzan un nivel más alto de racionalidad. Se han identificado una serie de fallas en la forma en que pensamos al tomar decisiones. Algunas, como la heurística por claridad, son concepciones sensoriales erradas. Otras toman la forma de se...

Intelligent Decisional Assistant that Facilitate the Choice of a Proper Computer System Applied in Busines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolae MARGINEAN

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The choice of a proper computer system is not an easy task for a decider. One reason could be the present market development of computer systems applied in business. The big number of the Romanian market players determines a big number of computerized products, with a multitude of various properties. Our proposal tries to optimize and facilitate this decisional process within an e-shop where are sold IT packets applied in business, building an online decisional assistant, a special component conceived to facilitate the decision making needed for the selection of the pertinent IT package that fits the requirements of one certain business, described by the decider. The user interacts with the system as an online buyer that visit an e-shop where are sold IT package applied in economy.

Decisional Bias as Implicit Moral Judgment

Science.gov (United States)

Spring, Toni; Saltzstein, Herbert D.

2017-01-01

Decisional bias (false alarm rate) when judging the guilt/innocence of a suspect is offered as an implicit measure of moral judgment. Combining two data sets, 215 participants, ages 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 watched the visually identical film involving a person setting a fire, framed either as (1) intentional but not resulting in a fire (BI-NF),…

Decisional Procrastination in Academic Settings: The Role of Metacognitions and Learning Strategies

OpenAIRE

de Palo, Valeria; Monacis, Lucia; Miceli, Silvana; Sinatra, Maria; Di Nuovo, Santo

2017-01-01

Nowadays, university students suffer from a broad range of problems, such as educational underachievement or the inability to control themselves, that lead to procrastination as a consequence. The present research aimed at analyzing the determinants of decisional procrastination among undergraduate students and at assessing a path model in which self regulated learning strategies mediated the relationship between metacognitive beliefs about procrastination and decisional procrastination. 273 ...

Existing reflection seismic data re-processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higashinaka, Motonori; Sano, Yukiko; Kozawa, Takeshi

2005-08-01

This document is to report the results of existing seismic data re-processing around Horonobe town, Hokkaido, Japan, which is a part of the Horonobe Underground Research Project. The main purpose of this re-processing is to recognize the subsurface structure of Omagari Fault and fold system around Omagari Fault. The seismic lines for re-processing are TYHR-A3 line and SHRB-2 line, which JAPEX surveyed in 1975. Applying weathering static correction using refraction analysis and noise suppression procedure, we have much enhanced seismic profile. Following information was obtained from seismic re-processing results. TYHR-A3 line: There are strong reflections, dipping to the west. These reflections are corresponding western limb of anticline to the west side of Omagari Fault. SHRB-2 line: There are strong reflections, dipping to the west, at CDP 60-140, while there are reflections, dipping to the east, to the east side of CDP 140. These reflections correspond to the western limb and the eastern limb of the anticline, which is parallel to Omagari FAULT. This seismic re-processing provides some useful information to know the geological structure around Omagari Fault. (author)

Advantages and disadvantages of college drinking in students' own words: content analysis of the decisional balance worksheet.

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, Susan E; Kirouac, Megan; Taylor, Emily; Spelman, Philip J; Grazioli, Véronique; Hoffman, Gail; Haelsig, Laura; Holttum, Jessica; Kanagawa, Ami; Nehru, Mayanka; Hicks, Jennifer

2014-09-01

The decisional balance worksheet (DBW), an open-ended measure of motivation to change, may be used to record the perceived advantages and disadvantages of substance use as well as alternative behaviors. Recent findings have indicated that the open-ended DBW can be quantified to validly reflect college students' level of motivation to reduce their drinking (Collins, Carey, & Otto, 2009). The goal of the current study was to enhance our understanding of college students' perceived advantages and disadvantages of drinking by qualitatively examining the content of their decisional balance. Participants were undergraduate college students at a 4-year university (N = 760) who participated in a randomized controlled trial of online brief motivational interventions. Using the DBW, participants recorded the advantages and disadvantages of their current drinking. Conventional content analysis methods were used to extract common themes. Social, enjoyment, and psychological reasons were the most commonly mentioned advantages of drinking, whereas physical side effects, expense and interference with goals were the most commonly mentioned disadvantages of drinking. These findings show that college students primarily use alcohol for enjoyment, particularly in social situations, as well as for coping with stress and social anxiety. On the other hand, many college students report having physical side effects from drinking as well as other kinds of concerns (e.g., expense, calories). Findings suggest that using the open-ended DBW may result in a more client-centered and accurate representation of what college students perceive as advantages and disadvantages to drinking than established, Likert-scale measures of decisional balance.

Structural properties of reflected Lévy processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Lars Nørvang; Mandjes, Michel

This paper considers a number of structural properties of reflected Lévy processes, where both one-sided reflection (at 0) and two-sided reflection (at both 0 and K > 0) are examined. With Vt being the position of the reflected process at time t, we focus on the analysis of ζ(t) := EVt and ξ(t) :...

Es la intuición un método para la toma de decisiones gerencial

OpenAIRE

Castro Luna, Andrés Guillermo; Camejo Ariza, John Jairo

2013-01-01

El presente trabajo evalúa la toma de decisiones desde el punto de vista descriptivo, exploratorio, dado que no existe un estado del arte al respecto ni estudios que permitan determinar si la toma de decisiones gerencial es intuitiva. Se elaboró una encuesta con 4 variables cada una describiendo un método de toma de decisiones entre los que se operacionalizaron el racional, intuitivo, experiencial y holístico; para determinar el estilo de decisión en cargos gerenciales de la ciudad de Bogotá....

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale to investigate the value of pharmacists' information: a before and after study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kawaguchi, Takashi; Azuma, Kanako; Yamaguchi, Takuhiro; Soeda, Hiroshi; Sekine, Yusuke; Koinuma, Masayoshi; Takeuchi, Hironori; Akashi, Takao; Unezaki, Sakae

2013-04-17

The information provided in patient-centered care and shared decision-making influences patients' concerns and adherence to treatment. In the decision-making process, patients experience decisional conflict. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) is a 16-item, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 5 subscales developed to assess patients' decisional conflict. This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the DCS and to clarify the influence of the information provided by pharmacists' on decisional conflict among patients with cancer. We developed the Japanese version of the DCS by using the forward-backward translation method. One hundred patients who were recommended a new chemotherapy regimen were recruited. The psychometric properties of the Japanese DCS, including internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity, were examined. We assessed the decisional conflict of patients before and after the pharmacists' provision of information. Ninety-four patients, predominately female, with an average age of 58.1 years were sampled. The scores on the 5 subscales of the DCS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84-0.96). Multi-trait scaling analysis and cluster analysis showed strong validity. The mean total DCS score decreased significantly from 40.2 to 31.7 after patients received information from the pharmacists (p informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision, also significantly improved (p information was able to decrease decisional conflict among patients with cancer who were recommended a new chemotherapy regimen.

Consumer control in service recovery: beyond decisional control

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Joosten, H.W.M.; Bloemer, J.M.M.; Hillebrand, B.

2017-01-01

PURPOSE - Focusing on decisional control of the outcome provides only a partial picture of how firms may handle customer complaints and ignores many (alternative) opportunities to recover the relationship with the customer when service delivery fails. The purpose of this paper is to introduce other

Uma análise do comportamento empreendedor e do processo decisional de presidentes de associações apícolas no rio grande do sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Lengler

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This study purposes to relate the entrepreneurial profile and the decision making process of rural producers in collective organizations. Therefore, it’s aimed to identify the decisional process and the entrepreneurial profile of the presidents of two beekeeping associations located in the central area of Rio Grande do Sul. To reach these goals, the research used information from the two presidents through a two part questionnaire, one part regarding the decisional process and the other regarding the entrepreneurial profile. This way, it was possible to identify that the two presidents showed an entrepreneurial potential, however one of them takes decisions more individually them collectively.

Decisional Conflict in Parents Considering Bone-Anchored Hearing Devices in Children With Unilateral Aural Atresia.

Science.gov (United States)

Graham, M Elise; Haworth, Rebecca; Chorney, Jill; Bance, Manohar; Hong, Paul

2015-12-01

The benefits of bone-anchored hearing devices (BAHD) in children with unilateral aural atresia are controversial. We sought to determine whether there is parental decisional conflict surrounding elective placement of BAHD for this indication. Caregivers of pediatric patients with unilateral aural atresia and normal contralateral ear undergoing percutaneous BAHD consultation were enrolled. All consultations were carried out by one pediatric otolaryngologist in a consistent manner. After consultation, the participants completed a demographics form and the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) questionnaire. Twenty-three caregivers of 15 male (65.2%) and 8 female (34.8%) children (mean age 5.65 years) participated. The overall median DCS score was 15.63 (standard error = 4.21). Significant decisional conflict (DCS score ≥ 25) was found in 10 participants (43.5%). The median DCS score in the group choosing surgery was 5.47, and it was 23.44 in those who did not choose surgery (Mann-Whitney U = 39, Z = -1.391, P = .164). The median DCS score for mothers and fathers was 25 and 3.91, respectively. Many parents experienced significant decisional conflict when considering percutaneous BAHD surgery in children with unilateral aural atresia in our study population. Future research should explore the impact of decisional conflict on health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2015.

ANÁLISIS DE LAS DECISIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CASO UNE EPM TELECOMUNICACIONES

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ALICIA MILLÁN VILLANUEVA

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la presencia de ciertos patrones en la formación de la estrategia de la empresa UNE EPM Telecomunicaciones, que han influido en la toma de decisiones. Los referentes teóricos son básicamente tres: Ansoff, Porter y Mintzberg. El análisis se centra en una serie de comparaciones y coincidencias entre la teoría y los hallazgos encontrados, en lo que respecta a comportamientos, resultados y decisiones de la compañía, de donde se logra vislumbrar la estrategia adoptada.

Procesos drv: la toma de decisiones como entrenamiento para equipos de trabajo

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José Luis Zanazzi

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un método orientado a facilitar la toma de decisiones en equipos de trabajo. La propuesta utiliza herramientas de la Teoría de Utilidad Multiatributo, combinadas con Estadística. El artículo contiene una revisión de contribuciones al problema de la decisión con múltiples decisores, y una reflexión sobre características y requerimientos de las prácticas grupales. Además, se describen los fundamentos conceptuales del método. Se  enumeran y explican los pasos necesarios para su aplicación. El método se ejemplifica con la capacitación de un equipo responsable por el desarrollo de un sistema de mantenimiento preventivo. En ésta y otras experiencias, la propuesta resultó motivadora, con buen nivel de logros y amplia colaboración de los participantes. Esta contribución se diferencia de otros aportes, porque visualiza el proceso de toma de decisiones como una interesante posibilidad de capacitación grupal y, por ello, orienta su estrategia a posibilitar el intercambio de conocimientos, afianzar liderazgos, aumentar la cohesión interna y favorecer el compromiso con la decisión adoptada. This paper presents a method designed to facilitate group decision making. The proposal relies on tools of the Multiattribute Utility Theory combined with Statistics. The article contains a review of contributions to the problem of multiple decision makers and a reflection on the characteristics and requirements of group practices. It describes the conceptual foundations of the method and it also identifies and explains the steps needed for implementation. The method is exemplified with the training of a team responsible for the development of a preventive maintenance system. In this and other experiences, the proposal was motivating, with good level of achievements and ex-tensive collaboration of the participants. This contribution differs from others because it considers the decision making process as an interesting

Mediation analysis of decisional balance, sun avoidance and sunscreen use in the precontemplation and preparation stages for sun protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Santiago-Rivas, Marimer; Velicer, Wayne F; Redding, Colleen

2015-01-01

Mediation analyses of sun protection were conducted testing structural equation models using longitudinal data with three waves. An effect was said to be mediated if the standardised path between processes of change, decisional balance and sun protection outcomes was significant. Longitudinal models of sun protection using data from individuals in the precontemplation (N = 964) and preparation (N = 463) stages who participated of an expert system intervention. Nine processes of change for sun protection, decisional balance constructs of sun protection (pros and cons), sun avoidance behaviour and sunscreen use. With the exception of two processes in the preparation stage, processes of change predicted the pros (r = .126-.614), and the pros predicted the outcomes (r = .181-.272). Three models with the cons as mediator in the preparation stage, and none in the precontemplation stage, showed a mediated relationship between processes and outcomes. In general, mediation analyses found both the process of change-to-pros and pros-to-behaviour paths significant for both precontemplation and preparation stages, and for both sun avoidance and sunscreen use outcomes. Findings provide support for the importance of assessing the role of underlying risk cognitions in improving sun protection adherence.

Árbol de decisiones para la resolución de incidencias

OpenAIRE

Molas Roca, Meritxell

2016-01-01

Análisis e implementación de un sistema de información para dar soporte al personal del grupo de soporte técnico en Everis para la resolución de incidencias del SI existente en Gas Natural (área de contratación). Se va a desarrollar basándose en la definición de un árbol de decisiones. Analysis and implementation of an information system to support the staff group at Everis for resolve the problems existing at Natural Gas computer sytem. The process of resolution of an issue is displayed b...

El proceso de Toma de Decisiones en pacientes con Demencia tipo Alzheimer

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Jose R. Alameda

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Tomar decisiones es algo común en nuestra vida y contribuye a la adaptación al medio en que vivimos, por ello es relevante conocer cómo es el proceso de toma de decisiones y las posibles disfunciones que puedan darse a causa de su deterioro. En el caso de los pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer, los problemas en la toma de decisiones parecen incluso ya en fases leves, lo que dificulta la correcta interacción con el entorno, especialmente en situaciones de incertidumbre. Este proceso ha sido analizado desde varios enfoques, siendo la hipótesis del marcador somático y la tarea de la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT uno de los más utilizados. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar la toma de decisiones en pacientes con DTA frente a un grupo de sujetos control, y analizar el tipo de elecciones de ambos grupos en situaciones de incertidumbre mediante la una versión modificada de la IGT, observar si son tendentes al riesgo o no, y la relación que guarda su ejecución con el status cognitivo en cada una de las áreas evaluadas por los tests. Además de la IGT, utilizaremos como test de cribado en demencias el Miniexamen Cognoscitivo de Lobo, Test del Reloj a la Orden y Copia y Test de Fluidez Verbal de Isaacs. En nuestros resultados, los sujetos con DTA presentan una ejecución deficitaria en la IGT, tanto en el cómputo global como en su análisis por bloques, con una estrategia de elección de cartas aleatoria, por lo que podríamos considerar ciertas tendencias al riesgo, si bien su ejecución muestra cierta capacidad de aprendizaje a lo largo de los bloques. Por último, el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de afectación en las distintas áreas analizadas se relacionan con la forma en que toman decisiones los pacientes con DTA.

Desarrollo de sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales

OpenAIRE

Tarifa, Enrique E.; Martínez, Sergio; Domínguez, Samuel Franco; Núñez, Álvaro; Sánchez Rivero, David

2011-01-01

El presente proyecto tiene por objetivo general desarrollar sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales. Estos sistemas son cada vez más necesarios debido a la complejidad creciente de los escenarios planteados por la globalización, la competencia, los avances tecnológicos, los problemas ambientales y sociales, entre otros. La secuencia de procesos requeridos para tomar decisiones es independiente del área particular de aplicación. Esta secuencia es: 1) Identifica...

A longitudinal study investigating the role of decisional conflicts and regret and short-term psychological adjustment after IVF treatment failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Celia Hoi Yan; Lau, Hi Po Bobo; Tam, Michelle Yi Jun; Ng, Ernest Hung Yu

2016-12-01

What is the relationship between decisional conflict, decisional regret and psychological well-being in women following unsuccessful IVF cycles? The mediating effect of decisional regret on the relationship between decisional conflict and fertility-related quality of life (FRQOL) has been found to be moderated by the availability (versus absence) of frozen embryos after an unsuccessful IVF cycle. Infertility treatment is marked by its open-ended nature. Stresses in treatment decision-making could be aggravated by a culture which honours families through procreation. While studies have investigated treatment-related decision-making among infertile women, little is known about the mental health consequences of decisional conflict and decisional regret following an unsuccessful IVF cycle. A study was conducted over a 3-month period with infertile women who had recently experienced a failed IVF cycle (T 0 ). Decisional conflict when they decided on terminating or continuing treatment (T 1 ) and decisional regret 3 months later (T 2 ) were measured. Participants reported their levels of depression, anxiety and FRQOL at three time points. A total of 151 participants completed all time points (attrition rate: 39%). The average age of participants was 37.2 years, and they had had 1.1 cycles (range: 0-8) on average at the time of study intake. The duration of the study was 2 years. Participants were infertile women who were not pregnant following an IVF cycle recruited from a university-affiliated assisted reproduction centre. Following the notification of a negative pregnancy result, patients were invited to complete measures of FRQOL, depression and anxiety across three time points and decisional conflict and decisional regret at T 1 and T 2 respectively. Decisional regret partially mediated the effect of decisional conflict on overall and treatment-specific FRQOL (P IVF cycle (P IVF cycle. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the psychological ramifications of

Shared decision-making in mental health care-A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services.

Science.gov (United States)

Grim, Katarina; Rosenberg, David; Svedberg, Petra; Schön, Ulla-Karin

2016-01-01

Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden. Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.'s model of SDM. The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process. The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.

Shared decision-making in mental health care—A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katarina Grim

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Shared decision-making (SDM is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden. Methods: Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.'s model of SDM. Results: The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.

What is a “good” treatment decision?: Decisional control, knowledge, treatment decision-making, and quality of life in men with clinically localized prostate cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Orom, Heather; Biddle, Caitlin; Underwood, Willie; Nelson, Christian J.; Homish, D. Lynn

2016-01-01

Objective We explored whether active patient involvement in decision making and greater patient knowledge are associated with better treatment decision making experiences and better quality of life (QOL) among men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Localized prostate cancer treatment decision-making is an advantageous model for studying patient treatment decision-making dynamics as there are multiple treatment options and a lack of empirical evidence to recommend one over the other; consequently, it is recommended that patients be fully involved in making the decision. Methods Men with newly diagnosed clinically localized prostate cancer (N=1529) completed measures of decisional control, prostate cancer knowledge, and their decision-making experience (decisional conflict, and decision-making satisfaction and difficulty) shortly after they made their treatment decision. Prostate cancer-specific QOL was assessed 6-months after treatment. Results More active involvement in decision making and greater knowledge were associated with lower decisional conflict and higher decision-making satisfaction, but greater decision-making difficulty. An interaction between decisional control and knowledge revealed that greater knowledge was only associated with greater difficulty for men actively involved in making the decision (67% of sample). Greater knowledge, but not decisional control predicted better QOL 6-months post-treatment. Conclusion Although men who are actively involved in decision making and more knowledgeable may make more informed decisions, they could benefit from decisional support (e.g., decision-making aids, emotional support from providers, strategies for reducing emotional distress) to make the process easier. Men who were more knowledgeable about prostate cancer and treatment side effects at the time they made their treatment decision may have appraised their QOL as higher because they had realistic expectations about side effects. PMID:26957566

The decisional balance sheet to promote healthy behavior among ethnically diverse older adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Geller, Karly S; Mendoza, Ilora D; Timbobolan, Jasah; Montjoy, Holly L; Nigg, Claudio R

2012-01-01

The rising health care costs and increasing older adult population in the United States make preventive medicine for this age group especially crucial. Regular physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption may prevent or delay the onset of many chronic conditions that are common among older adults. The decisional balance sheet is a promotional tool targeting the perceived pros and cons of behavior adoption. The current study tested the efficiency and effectiveness of a single-day decisional balance sheet program, targeting increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake among older adults. Participating adults (N = 21, age = 72.2) who represented a diverse population in Hawaii (Japanese = 5, Filipino = 4, Caucasian = 4, Native American = 1, Native Hawaiian = 1, Hispanic = 1, and Others = 5) were recruited from housing communities and randomized to a decisional balance sheet program adapted for physical activity or fruit and vegetable consumption. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, and daily fruit and vegetable intake with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey single item instrument. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. Both programs were implemented efficiently, and participants in both groups improved their daily physical activity. The decisional balance sheet for fruit and vegetable consumption appeared less effective. Specific suggestions for similar programs are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Emociones y toma de decisiones éticas: desarrollo e implicaciones para la empresa

OpenAIRE

Granada Restrepo, Daniel

2015-01-01

Los líderes organizacionales se deben enfrentar a retos ambientales del mundo de los negocios y diversas presiones que los ponen día a día en un alto riesgo ético. Sortear dichos riesgos ha demandado cambios sustanciales en las dinámicas de las organizaciones contemporáneas, por lo que las exigencias a los directivos de tomar decisiones acertadas en situaciones de alta complejidad moral son cada vez mayores. Estas decisiones involucran un comportamiento ético de quien las toma, lo cual a su v...

Cognitive and emotional factors predicting decisional conflict among high-risk breast cancer survivors who receive uninformative BRCA1/2 results.

Science.gov (United States)

Rini, Christine; O'Neill, Suzanne C; Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis; Goldsmith, Rachel E; Jandorf, Lina; Brown, Karen; DeMarco, Tiffani A; Peshkin, Beth N; Schwartz, Marc D

2009-09-01

To investigate high-risk breast cancer survivors' risk reduction decision making and decisional conflict after an uninformative BRCA1/2 test. Prospective, longitudinal study of 182 probands undergoing BRCA1/2 testing, with assessments 1-, 6-, and 12-months postdisclosure. Primary predictors were health beliefs and emotional responses to testing assessed 1-month postdisclosure. Main outcomes included women's perception of whether they had made a final risk management decision (decision status) and decisional conflict related to this issue. There were four patterns of decision making, depending on how long it took women to make a final decision and the stability of their decision status across assessments. Late decision makers and nondecision makers reported the highest decisional conflict; however, substantial numbers of women--even early and intermediate decision makers--reported elevated decisional conflict. Analyses predicting decisional conflict 1- and 12-months postdisclosure found that, after accounting for control variables and decision status, health beliefs and emotional factors predicted decisional conflict at different timepoints, with health beliefs more important 1 month after test disclosure and emotional factors more important 1 year later. Many of these women may benefit from decision making assistance. Copyright 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Does Patient Preference Measurement in Decision Aids Improve Decisional Conflict? A Randomized Trial in Men with Prostate Cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Shirk, Joseph D; Crespi, Catherine M; Saucedo, Josemanuel D; Lambrechts, Sylvia; Dahan, Ely; Kaplan, Robert; Saigal, Christopher

2017-12-01

Shared decision making (SDM) has been advocated as an approach to medical decision making that can improve decisional quality. Decision aids are tools that facilitate SDM in the context of limited physician time; however, many decision aids do not incorporate preference measurement. We aim to understand whether adding preference measurement to a standard patient educational intervention improves decisional quality and is feasible in a busy clinical setting. Men with incident localized prostate cancer (n = 122) were recruited from the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center urology clinic, Olive View UCLA Medical Center, and Harbor UCLA Medical Center from January 2011 to May 2015 and randomized to education with a brochure about prostate cancer treatment or software-based preference assessment in addition to the brochure. Men undergoing preference assessment received a report detailing the relative strength of their preferences for treatment outcomes used in review with their doctor. Participants completed instruments measuring decisional conflict, knowledge, SDM, and patient satisfaction with care before and/or after their cancer consultation. Baseline knowledge scores were low (mean 62%). The baseline mean total score on the Decisional Conflict Scale was 2.3 (±0.9), signifying moderate decisional conflict. Men undergoing preference assessment had a significantly larger decrease in decisional conflict total score (p = 0.023) and the Perceived Effective Decision Making subscale (p = 0.003) post consult compared with those receiving education only. Improvements in satisfaction with care, SDM, and knowledge were similar between groups. Individual-level preference assessment is feasible in the clinic setting. Patients with prostate cancer who undergo preference assessment are more certain about their treatment decisions and report decreased levels of decisional conflict when making these decisions.

Aplicación de las opciones reales en la toma de decisiones en los mercados de electricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Isaza Cuervo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas en los mercados de electricidad están sujetas a un alto riesgo e incertidumbre; en consecuencia, las opciones reales aparecen como una alternativa para la toma de decisiones en dichos mercados. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de literatura analizando y clasificando aplicacio- nes de opciones reales sobre decisiones de inversión, operación, y de políticas y programas energéticos. Además se presenta un ejemplo sintético de aplicación teórico utilizando un modelo binomial para incor- porar energía eólica en vez de térmica de acuerdo con la volatilidad de los precios del carbón. Se concluye que las opciones reales permiten tomar mejores decisiones que los métodos tradicionales, pues capturan a través de sus múltiples modelos las diferentes incertidumbres propias de estos mercados.

Aplicación de las opciones reales en la toma de decisiones en los mercados de electricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Isaza Cuervo

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas en los mercados de electricidad están sujetas a un alto riesgo e incertidumbre; en consecuencia, las opciones reales aparecen como una alternativa para la toma de decisiones en dichos mercados. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de literatura analizando y clasificando aplicaciones de opciones reales sobre decisiones de inversión, operación, y de políticas y programas energéticos. Además se presenta un ejemplo sintético de aplicación teórico utilizando un modelo binomial para incorporar energía eólica en vez de térmica de acuerdo con la volatilidad de los precios del carbón. Se concluye que las opciones reales permiten tomar mejores decisiones que los métodos tradicionales, pues capturan a través de sus múltiples modelos las diferentes incertidumbres propias de estos mercados.

Influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reyna Isabel Hernández Pedroza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol. Se aplicó un estudio longitudinal, pre-experimental. Se incluyeron 30 adolescentes, previo consentimiento informado de estudiantes y padres. La recolección de datos se realizo con AUDIT, test de conflicto decisional y The Tennessee Self-Concep Scale (TSCS. Se encontró que la edad promedio fue 16.56 ± 0.85 años, 60% hombres, el 100% de los adolescentes presentaron conflicto decisional. El 100% habían consumido alcohol alguna vez en su vida. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el autoconcepto pre y post intervención (p = 0.27, excepto en la dimensión Yo moral (p = 0.01. Se concluye de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la pre y post intervención que la estrategia de intervención tuvo una influencia en la dimensión del autoconcepto Yo Moral del adolescente consumidor de alcohol. Es posible que esto influyera en la percepción de sí mismo al encontrarse con la realidad de que por primera vez consideraba su capacidad o incapacidad para tomar decisiones.

Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care: a participatory systematic mixed studies review protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Bujold, Mathieu; Pluye, Pierre; Légaré, France; Haggerty, Jeannie; Gore, Genevieve C; Sherif, Reem El; Poitras, Marie-Eve; Beaulieu, Marie-Claude; Beaulieu, Marie-Dominique; Bush, Paula L; Couturier, Yves; Débarges, Beatrice; Gagnon, Justin; Giguère, Anik; Grad, Roland; Granikov, Vera; Goulet, Serge; Hudon, Catherine; Kremer, Bernardo; Kröger, Edeltraut; Kudrina, Irina; Lebouché, Bertrand; Loignon, Christine; Lussier, Marie-Therese; Martello, Cristiano; Nguyen, Quynh; Pratt, Rebekah; Rihoux, Benoit; Rosenberg, Ellen; Samson, Isabelle; Senn, Nicolas; Li Tang, David; Tsujimoto, Masashi; Vedel, Isabelle; Ventelou, Bruno; Wensing, Michel

2017-11-12

Patients with complex care needs (PCCNs) often suffer from combinations of multiple chronic conditions, mental health problems, drug interactions and social vulnerability, which can lead to healthcare services overuse, underuse or misuse. Typically, PCCNs face interactional issues and unmet decisional needs regarding possible options in a cascade of interrelated decisions involving different stakeholders (themselves, their families, their caregivers, their healthcare practitioners). Gaps in knowledge, values clarification and social support in situations where options need to be deliberated hamper effective decision support interventions. This review aims to (1) assess decisional needs of PCCNs from the perspective of stakeholders, (2) build a taxonomy of these decisional needs and (3) prioritise decisional needs with knowledge users (clinicians, patients and managers). This review will be based on the interprofessional shared decision making (IP-SDM) model and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Applying a participatory research approach, we will identify potentially relevant studies through a comprehensive literature search; select relevant ones using eligibility criteria inspired from our previous scoping review on PCCNs; appraise quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; conduct a three-step synthesis (sequential exploratory mixed methods design) to build taxonomy of key decisional needs; and integrate these results with those of a parallel PCCNs' qualitative decisional need assessment (semistructured interviews and focus group with stakeholders). This systematic review, together with the qualitative study (approved by the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Service Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ethical committee), will produce a working taxonomy of key decisional needs (ontological contribution), to inform the subsequent user-centred design of a support tool for addressing PCCNs' decisional needs (practical contribution). We will adapt

Simulación como herramienta de ayuda para la toma de decisiones empresariales. Un caso práctico || Simulation as a business decision making tool. A case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Puche Regaliza, Julio César

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La toma de decisiones empresariales es un factor crítico para la viabilidad de las empresas. En el actual escenario más dinámico, global y competitivo, este factor crítico abre espacio a requerimientos más amplios. El modelado y la simulación tradicionalmente han formado parte sustancial del juego de herramientas utilizadas para el soporte a la toma de decisiones, especialmente en referencia a la toma de decisiones estratégicas. En este trabajo, pretendemos mostrar una perspectiva clara sobre el valor añadido que ofrece la simulación. En primer lugar, se describen las etapas que deben llevarse a cabo para completar un proceso de toma de decisiones mediante simulación. A continuación, se desarrolla un caso práctico en el que se plasman dichas etapas frente a la decisión de implantar un comportamiento PUSH o un comportamiento PULL en una determinada empresa. Los resultados obtenidos nos conducen a la decisión de implantar PULL en favor de PUSH, mostrando que el valor esperado de las técnicas de simulación justifica que una organización madura incorpore tales técnicas en su banco de talento corporativo. || Business decision making is a critical factor to the viability of companies. In the current more dynamic, global and competitive scenario, this critical factor opens space to wider requirements. Modeling and simulation have traditionally formed a substantial part of the toolkit used to support decision making, especially in the business strategy field. In this paper, our aim is to open a clear perspective on the added value offered by simulation. We first introduce an overview about the process of decision making based on simulation. Next, a case study is developed, in which such steps are reflected to decide whether to implement a PUSH behavior or a PULL behavior in a particular company. The results obtained lead us to the decision to implement PULL instead of PUSH, showing that simulation techniques are a very valuable tool to

Discriminación arancelaria y decisiones de localización de las empresas

OpenAIRE

Méndez Naya, José

2006-01-01

El objetivo de trabajo es el de analizar los efectos que los procesos de integración económica entre los países tienen sobre las decisiones se toman en forma estratégica. Se justifica que en este contexto el tradicional argumento "tariff jumping" no siempre es aplicable ya que las decisiones de localización de las empresas dependen, entre otras variables, de la relación que se da entre el grado de discriminación arancelaria y el tamaño del mercado nacional. En concreto, se justifica que los p...

Family caregiver preferences for patient decisional control among Hispanics in the United States and Latin America

Science.gov (United States)

Yennurajalingam, Sriram; Noguera, Antonio; Parsons, Henrique Afonseca; Torres-Vigil, Isabel; Duarte, Eva Rosina; Palma, Alejandra; Bunge, Sofia; Palmer, J. Lynn; Delgado-Guay, Marvin Omar; Bruera, Eduardo

2013-01-01

Background Understanding family caregivers’ decisional role preferences is important for communication, quality of care, and patient and family satisfaction. The family caregiver has an important role in a patient’s decisional role preferences. There are limited studies on family caregivers’ preferences of the patient’s decisional control at the end of life among Hispanics. Aims To identify Hispanic caregivers’ preferences of the decision control of patients with advanced cancer and to compare the preferences of caregivers in Latin America (HLA) and Hispanic American (HUSA) caregivers. Design We surveyed patients and their family caregivers referred to outpatient palliative care clinics in the United States, Chile, Argentina, and Guatemala. Caregiver preferences of patient’s decisional control were evaluated using the Control Preference Scale. Caregivers’ and patients’ socio-demographic variables, patient performance status, and HUSA patient acculturation level was also collected. Participants A total of 387 caregivers were surveyed: 100 (26%) in Chile, 99 (26%) in Argentina, 97 (25%) in Guatemala, and 91 (24%) in the United States. The median age was 56 years, and 59% were female. Results Caregiver preference of patients decisions control was passive, shared, and active by 10 (11%), 45 (52%) and 32 (37%) HUSA caregivers and 54 (19%), 178 (62%) and 55 (19%) HLA caregivers (p=0.0023). Caregiver acculturation level did not affect the preferences of the HUSA sample (p=0.60). Conclusions Most Hispanic family caregivers preferred the patient to make shared decisions. HLA caregivers preferred more frequently patients to assume a passive decisional role. Acculturation did not influence the preferences of HUSA caregivers. PMID:23670718

How to determine decisional capacity in critically ill patients. Presume the patient can make decisions unless proven otherwise.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleming, C; Momin, Z A; Brensilver, J M; Brandstetter, R D

1995-03-01

Decisional capacity includes ability to comprehend information, to make an informed choice, and to communicate that choice; it is specific to the decision at hand. Presume a patient has decisional capacity; an evaluation of incapacity must be justified. Administer a standardized mental status test to help assess alertness, attention, memory, and reasoning ability. A patient scoring below 10 on the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (maximum score, 30) probably does not have decisional capacity; one scoring from 10 to 15 probably can designate a proxy but not make complex health care decisions. Obtain psychiatric consultations for a patient who exhibits psychological barriers to decision making.

LA POLÍTICA FISCAL Y MONETARIA EN COLOMBIA: UN ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DESDE LA TOMA COORDINADA DE DECISIONES

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Raúl Enrique Rodríguez Luna

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este documento se discuten los resultados de un ejercicio de simulación a partir de métodos de la economía experimental y modelado con elementos de la teoría de juegos, en el cual se formuló un juego secuencial que permitió encontrar equilibrios de Nash perfectos en subjuegos entre las decisiones de política monetaria y las decisiones de política #scal en Colombia. Se constató para cada uno de los escenarios planteados en el ejercicio la existencia de equilibrios perfectos en subjuegos en el sentido de Nash, que permitieron develar que la condición de racionalidad maximizadora de los jugadores es el elemento principal a la hora de la toma de decisiones al interior de grupos sociales. Por último, la observación puso en evidencia que las interacciones entre dos agentes están condicionadas por las estrategias que adopte el agente que opere de líder, y que las decisiones del agente seguidor regularmente se basan en criterios cooperativos y de coordinación; en este sentido, se pudo establecer que el Banco de la República determina la manera en la que el Gobierno, respetando los conductos constitucionales, toma sus decisiones de política con el #n de mantener la estabilidad económica del país.

Decisiones al final de la vida en el ordenamiento jurídico español

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David Larios Risco

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas se torna especialmente complejo durante las últimas fases de las enfermedades irreversibles o terminales. Cuando la decisión del paciente implica un ataque a la propia vida, la autonomía de la voluntad de la persona puede colisionar con el criterio médico o con los límites que impone el Ordenamiento Jurídico. El artículo aborda las diferentes figuras jurídicas em el proceso de toma de decisiones al final de la vida, diferenciando entre las admitidas por la ley (limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico, rechazo al tratamiento, sedación en la agonía y voluntades anticipadas y las prohibidas (auxilio al suicidio y eutanasia com el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación al régimen jurídico de las decisiones al final de la vida en el ordenamiento jurídico español.

Does decisional conflict differ across race and ethnicity groups? A study of parents whose children have a life-threatening illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, Caprice; Sberna-Hinojosa, Melanie; Baron-Lee, Jacqueline; Curtis, Charlotte; Huang, I-Chan

2014-05-01

Children with life-threatening illnesses and their families may face a myriad of medical decisions in their lifetimes. Oftentimes these complicated medical decisions cause disagreements among patients, families, and providers about what is the best course of action. Although no evidence exists, it is possible that conflict may affect subgroups of the population differently. This study aims to investigate how decisional conflict varies among racial and ethnic subgroups. Two hundred sixty-six surveys were completed with parents whose children have a life-threatening illness. All children lived in Florida and were enrolled in the Medicaid program. The Decisional Conflict Scale, overall and broken down into its five distinct subscales, was used to assess parental decision-making. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Subgroup analyses were conducted on Latino respondents. Our bivariate results suggest that minority parents report less Effective Decision Making (pracial and ethnic differences in decisional conflict of parents of children with life-threatening illnesses. Significant differences exist by race, ethnicity, language spoken, and diagnosis time across several subdomains of decisional conflict. These differences are important to address when creating clinical care plans, engaging in shared decision-making, and creating interventions to alleviate decisional conflict.

erfiles decisionales de jugadores y jugadoras de voleibol de diferente nivel de pericia. (Decisional profiles of volleyball players of different expertise level.

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Virginia García Coll

2009-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa toma de decisiones por parte de los deportistas se viene estudiando como un tipo de habilidad cognitiva. En este estudio se parte de una perspectiva motivacional y emocional de la toma de decisiones en el deporte, que ha recibido una menor atención en la literatura. Se aplica el Cuestionario de Estilos de Toma de Decisión en el Deporte-CETD (Ruiz y Graupera, 2005 que evalúa tres escalas: Competencia Decisional Percibida, Ansiedad y Agobio al Decidir y Compromiso en el Aprendizaje Decisional. Se toma una muestra de 121 jugadoras (76 y jugadores (45 de voleibol de diferente nivel de pericia deportiva: autonómico, nacional e internacional. Los resultados muestran que las escalas del cuestionario tienen una buena fiabilidad cuando se aplican a muestras mono-deportivas. Las jugadoras y jugadores de voleibol tienen un perfil decisional muy similar (no se encuentran diferencias significativas, con una moderada percepción de competencia, baja ansiedad y alto compromiso (perfil en V. Según aumenta el nivel deportivo se incrementa moderadamente el compromiso y la percepción de competencia, mientras que decrece considerablemente la ansiedad ante la toma de decisiones. Como consecuencia el perfil en V del nivel internacional es considerablemente más cerrado que el de los niveles deportivos inferiores. Palabras clave: ansiedad; competencia percibida; decisión; deporte colectivo; pericia deportiva. Abstract Decision making in sport has been studied as a kind of cognitive skill. This study has been developed from a motivacional and emotional point of view and this question has received little attention in the scientific literature. It was applied the Decision Making Style Questionnaire-CETD (Ruiz y Graupera, 2005 that assess three scales: Perceived Decisional Competence, Anxiety and Strain to Decide and Commitment for learning how to decide. One hundred and twenty one voleyball players participated (76 female and 45 male of differente level

Emociones y toma de decisiones desde la economía comportamental

OpenAIRE

De Mier, Susana

2013-01-01

Los recientes estudios de la economía comportamental sobre cómo inciden los sentimientos y las emociones en el proceso de toma de decisiones ponen en debate el principio de la racionalidad económica, sostén de la doctrina liberal.

Understanding the pros and cons of organ donation decision-making: Decisional balance and expressing donation intentions among African Americans.

Science.gov (United States)

Flemming, Shauna St Clair; Redmond, Nakeva; Williamson, Dana Hz; Thompson, Nancy J; Perryman, Jennie P; Patzer, Rachel E; Arriola, Kimberly Jacob

2018-04-01

Increasing public commitment to organ donation is critical to improving donor kidney availability for end-stage renal disease patients desiring transplant. This study surveyed ( N = 1339) African Americans, measuring perceived pros relative to cons of organ donation, to evaluate an existing Transtheoretical Model decisional balance scale and associations between decisional balance and expressing donation intentions. Findings supported the existing scale structure. More positive decisional balance ratios were associated with 1.76 times the odds of expressing intentions (95% confidence interval = 1.52-2.04). Pros were more strongly linked to donation intentions than cons. Greater understanding of organ donation decision-making is valuable for informing interventions that encourage donation.

E-mail, decisional styles, and rest breaks.

Science.gov (United States)

Baker, James R; Phillips, James G

2007-10-01

E-mail is a common but problematic work application. A scale was created to measure tendencies to use e-mail to take breaks (e-breaking); and self-esteem and decisional style (vigilance, procrastination, buck-passing, hypervigilance) were used to predict the self-reported and actual e-mail behaviors of 133 participants (students and marketing employees). Individuals who were low in defensive avoidance (buck-passing) engaged in more e-mailing per week, both in time spent on e-mail and message volume. E-breakers were more likely to engage in behavioral procrastination and spent more time on personal e-mail.

Relationship of social support and decisional conflict to advance directives attitude in Korean older adults: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, JuHee; Jung, Dukyoo; Choi, MoonKi

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between social support, decisional conflict, and attitude towards advance directives, and determine whether decisional conflict mediates the relation between social support and advance directives attitude among older adults in South Korea. In total, 209 community-based older adults (mean age, 74.82 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics, self-perceived health status, social support, decisional conflict, and advance directives attitude were investigated via a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation and path analyses. The mean score of advance directives attitude was 48.01 (range, 35-61). Decisional conflict and social support were both significantly related to advance directives attitude (P conflict was a mediator between social support and advance directives attitudes. The results confirmed the importance of social support for reducing decisional conflict and encouraging positive attitudes toward advance directives. Future studies are needed to support the development of culturally sensitive educational approaches regarding advance directives for older adults in Korea. © 2015 The Authors. Japan Journal of Nursing Science © 2015 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.

32 CFR 70.10 - Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... declining to list that aspect of the service record as an issue. (v) Guidance as to other types of complaints. The following guidance governs other specified types of complaints: (A) The Stipulation of... noted in the decisional document or index entries: (Authentication) Attachment 2—Joint Service Review...

The Effects of Exercise Advertising on Self-efficacy and Decisional Balance

Science.gov (United States)

Berry, Tanya R.; Howe, Bruce L.

2005-01-01

Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise advertising on self-efficacy and decisional balance for changing exercise behavior. Methods: One hundred seventy-four university students (females = 108; males = 66) watched a video that contained health, appearance, or control advertising and completed stage of change, exercise self-efficacy, and…

Risk-maps informing land-use planning processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basta, Claudia; Neuvel, Jeroen M.M.; Zlatanova, Sisi; Ale, Ben

2007-01-01

The definition of safety distances as required by Art 12 of the Seveso II Directive on dangerous substances (96/82/EC) is necessary to minimize the consequences of potential major accidents. As they affect the land-use destinations of involved areas, safety distances can be considered as risk tolerability criteria with a territorial reflection. Recent studies explored the suitability of using Geographical Information System technologies to support their elaboration and visual rendering. In particular, the elaboration of GIS 'risk-maps' has been recognized as functional to two objectives: connecting spatial planners and safety experts during decision making processes and communicating risk to non-experts audiences. In order to elaborate on these findings and to verify their reflection on European practices, the article presents the result of a comparative study between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands recent developments. Their land-use planning practices for areas falling under Seveso II requirements are explored. The role of GIS risk-maps within decisional processes is analyzed and the reflection on the transparency and accessibility of risk-information is commented. Recommendations for further developments are given

La inteligencia emocional en la toma de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Uribe Chinkovsky, Sebastián; Henao Cadavid, Natalia

2015-01-01

El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar en un principio el concepto de toma de decisiones a partir de los estudios realizados por Antonio Damasio (1994/2010), los cuales nos permiten comprender que este es un proceso que está altamente influenciado por las emociones y los sentimientos -- Más adelante, y siguiendo esta línea de argumentación, se realiza una revisión del concepto de inteligencia emocional a partir de Daniel Goleman (1996) -- La inteligencia emocional nos permite comprender...

Decisional Capacity among Minors with HIV: A Model for Balancing Autonomy Rights with the Need for Protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Chenneville, Tiffany; Sibille, Kimberly; Bendell-Estroff, Debra

The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to describe the relevant ethical and legal issues associated with decisional capacity among minors and to discuss the importance of these concepts for children and adolescents living with HIV; (2) to provide a framework for assessing the decisional capacity of children and adolescents with HIV; and (3) to present a model for thinking about how to use this assessment data to guide action along the protection-autonomy continuum.

Usos de la información para la toma de decisiones en procesos de desarrollo local

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jenny Andrea Vélez Vidal

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se propuso identificar los usos de la información en la toma de decisiones y factores determinantes de dichos usos alrededor de procesos desarrollo, en un escenario de planeación local, en Cali (Colombia, basado en una combinación de teorías y en los resultados de un exploratorio previo. Empleando técnicas cualitativas se indagó sobre el papel que juega la información en facilitar a la gente asumir control sobre su bienestar, tomar decisiones y actuar en procesos de desarrollo.

Regulating Emotions during Difficult Multiattribute Decision Making: The Role of Pre-Decisional Coherence Shifting.

Science.gov (United States)

Carpenter, Stephanie M; Yates, J Frank; Preston, Stephanie D; Chen, Lydia

2016-01-01

Almost all real-life decisions entail attribute conflict; every serious choice alternative is better than its competitors on some attribute dimensions but worse on others. In pre-decisional "coherence shifting," the decision maker gradually softens that conflict psychologically to the point where one alternative is seen as dominant over its competitors, or nearly so. Specifically, weaknesses of the eventually chosen alternative come to be perceived as less severe and less important while its strengths seem more desirable and significant. The research described here demonstrates that difficult multiattribute decision problems are aversive and that pre-decisional coherence shifting aids individuals in regulating that emotional discomfort. Across three studies, attribute conflict was confirmed to be aversive (Study 1), and skin conductance responses and ratings of decision difficulty both decreased in participants who coherence shifted (Study 2). Coherence shifting was also diminished among decision makers who were depleted of regulatory resources, known to be required for common emotion regulation mechanisms. Further, coherence shifting was shown to be relatively common among people who reported strong suppression tendencies in everyday emotion regulation (Study 3). Overall, the data suggest that, at least in part, coherence shifting serves as a tool that helps decision makers manage the pre-decisional discomfort generated by attribute conflict. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

TOMA DE DECISIONES, ESTILOS DE COMUNICACIÓN EN EL CONFLICTO Y COMUNICACIÓN FAMILIAR EN ADOLESCENTES BACHILLERES

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Cesar A. Luna Bernal; Francisco A. Laca Arocena; Liliana Isabel Cedillo Navarro

2012-01-01

En este trabajo se analizan correlaciones significativas entre patrones de toma de decisiones, autoconfianza como tomador de determinaciones, patrones de comunicación familiar y estilos de mensajes en el manejo de conflictos con los padres en 412 adolescentes bachilleres con edades de entre 15 y 19 años, quienes respondieron una versión adaptada del Cuestionario de Estilos de Mensajes en el Manejo del Conflicto, el Cuestionario Melbourne de Toma de Decisiones y la Escala de Autoconfianza como...

Transient analysis of reflected Lévy processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kella, O.; Mandjes, M.R.H.

2013-01-01

In this paper we establish a formula for the joint Laplace-Stieltjes transform of a reflected Lévy process and its regulator at an independent exponentially distributed time, starting at an independent exponentially distributed state. The Lévy process is general, that is, it is not assumed that it

Transient analysis of reflected Lévy processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kella, O.; Mandjes, M.

2013-01-01

In this paper, we establish a formula for the joint Laplace-Stieltjes transform of a reflected Lévy process and its regulator at an independent exponentially distributed time, starting at an independent exponentially distributed state. The Lévy process is general, that is, it is not assumed that it

Panorámica de las teorías y métodos de investigación en torno a la toma de decisiones en el tenis

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Luis Garc\\u00EDa-Gonz\\u00E1lez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En esta revisión teórica y metodológica sobre la toma de decisiones en el tenis, buscamos exponer distintas aproximaciones explicativas del proceso decisional, fundamentadas en dos perspectivas: la psicología cognitiva y la psicología ecológica. Dentro del planteamiento de la psicología cognitiva, en base a los modelos de procesamiento de la información, nos centramos en la importancia de los comportamientos visuales y las estrategias perceptivas como mediadores de habilidades de anticipación y de decisión en el tenis, así como otros conceptos relacionados, como la atención o la agudeza visual. Posteriormente se explican otras teorías cognitivas basadas en las representaciones mentales y el desarrollo de distintos tipos de memoria como elemento central y determinante de la toma de decisiones. El segundo enfoque aborda la toma de decisiones desde la psicología ecológica, realizando una aproximación a la toma de decisiones en tenis en torno a la dinámica ecológica, planteando la importancia del entorno y los constraints, y entendiendo el tenis como un sistema no-lineal, dinámico y auto-organizado. Abordamos igualmente distintas aproximaciones metodológicas de evaluación de la toma de decisiones en el tenis, independientemente del marco teórico que las sustenta. Exponemos distintas formas de evaluar la toma de decisiones a través de análisis de protocolos verbales y cuestionarios, análisis observacional, análisis de variables cinemáticas, y también análisis perceptivos. Por último, concluimos la necesidad de superar algunas limitaciones para estudiar la toma de decisiones de una forma global, donde la toma de decisiones se vincule directamente a las acciones de juego.

Reflections on a participatory documentary process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Velez Torres, Irene

2013-01-01

This paper seeks to discuss the use of a participatory documentary process (PDP) in human geography as a method of constructing critical visual information on territorial histories of dispossession. The process was also used to enhance social change both in conjunction with local communities...... and within the communities themselves. The project involved 14 local young participants and four professionals who collectively produced a documentary on the rural context of violence in La Toma District, Colombia. By enabling the reflections and intentions of young participants in the research process, PDP...

Self-reflection modulates the outcome evaluation process: Evidence from an ERP study.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Xiangru; Gu, Ruolei; Wu, Haiyan; Luo, Yuejia

2015-12-01

Recent research demonstrated structural overlap between reward and self processing, but the functional relationship that explains how self processing influences reward processing remains unclear. The present study used an experimentally constrained reflection task to investigate whether individuals' outcome evaluations in a gambling task are modulated by task-unrelated self- and other-reflection processes. The self- and other-reflection task contained descriptions of the self or others, and brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 16 normal adults performed a gambling task. The ERP analysis focused on the feedback-related negativity (FRN) component. We found that the difference wave of FRN increased in the self-reflection condition compared with the other-reflection condition. The present findings provide direct evidence that self processing can influence reward processing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Regulating Emotions during Difficult Multiattribute Decision Making: The Role of Pre-Decisional Coherence Shifting.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephanie M Carpenter

Full Text Available Almost all real-life decisions entail attribute conflict; every serious choice alternative is better than its competitors on some attribute dimensions but worse on others. In pre-decisional "coherence shifting," the decision maker gradually softens that conflict psychologically to the point where one alternative is seen as dominant over its competitors, or nearly so. Specifically, weaknesses of the eventually chosen alternative come to be perceived as less severe and less important while its strengths seem more desirable and significant. The research described here demonstrates that difficult multiattribute decision problems are aversive and that pre-decisional coherence shifting aids individuals in regulating that emotional discomfort. Across three studies, attribute conflict was confirmed to be aversive (Study 1, and skin conductance responses and ratings of decision difficulty both decreased in participants who coherence shifted (Study 2. Coherence shifting was also diminished among decision makers who were depleted of regulatory resources, known to be required for common emotion regulation mechanisms. Further, coherence shifting was shown to be relatively common among people who reported strong suppression tendencies in everyday emotion regulation (Study 3. Overall, the data suggest that, at least in part, coherence shifting serves as a tool that helps decision makers manage the pre-decisional discomfort generated by attribute conflict. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Estimando las decisiones de escolarización en Argentina: efectos de fluctuaciones idiosincráticas y agregadas

OpenAIRE

Datria, Pablo; Buera, Francisco Javier; Nicolini, Juan Pablo

2003-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es poder identificar empíricamente un candidato para este mecanismo de transmisión usando datos de hogares en Argentina: las decisiones de deserción escolar originadas por restricciones al crédito. Una combinación de argumentos teóricos y empíricos nos centran en este candidato. Primero, la heterogeneidad en la acumulación de capital humano es una fuente importante de los diferenciales de ingresos entre los individuos. Segundo, las decisiones de deserción pueden te...

[Reflections on the management of deinstitutionalization process].

Science.gov (United States)

Lucena, Marcela Adriana da Silva; Bezerra, Adriana Falangola Benjamin

2012-09-01

This study addresses mental health and, based on a conceptual review, offers considerations on the management of deinstitutionalization processes regarding individuals interned in long-stay psychiatric institutions. Elements concerning asylum formation and logic are discussed, along with the mechanisms necessary for the effective change in paradigm and practices, with deinstitutionalization and psychosocial rehabilitation as the core issues. Reflections are offered regarding management actions committed to the psychosocial model, linking such actions to the application of the components of care and going beyond the articulation of the tools of mental health policy. Theoretical reflection offers suggestions referring to the qualification processes of mental health professionals, deinstitutionalization in the management of the Unified Health System and tripartite action with co-accountability in actions and financing. The final considerations recognize the bureaucratic obstacles in the public realm and propose facing these challenges as a management challenge, along with processes of change that can radically commit to the lives of people, thereby broadening the discussion to the ethical realm.

Reflection Positive Stochastic Processes Indexed by Lie Groups

Science.gov (United States)

Jorgensen, Palle E. T.; Neeb, Karl-Hermann; Ólafsson, Gestur

2016-06-01

Reflection positivity originates from one of the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms for constructive quantum field theory. It serves as a bridge between euclidean and relativistic quantum field theory. In mathematics, more specifically, in representation theory, it is related to the Cartan duality of symmetric Lie groups (Lie groups with an involution) and results in a transformation of a unitary representation of a symmetric Lie group to a unitary representation of its Cartan dual. In this article we continue our investigation of representation theoretic aspects of reflection positivity by discussing reflection positive Markov processes indexed by Lie groups, measures on path spaces, and invariant gaussian measures in spaces of distribution vectors. This provides new constructions of reflection positive unitary representations.

De la evidencia al desempeño: cómo fijar prioridades y tomar buenas decisiones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franklin White

1998-07-01

Full Text Available En esta época de respeto por la ciencia médica y por la responsabilidad gerencial, las organizaciones de salud deben rendir cuentas por sus acciones con creciente frecuencia. La época en que se determinaban las prioridades y se tomaban las decisiones sobre bases políticas o acatando el consejo intuitivo de asesores respetados y bien intencionados ha dado paso gradualmente a una era que valora la demostración de efectividad y eficiencia. Las decisiones relativas a las prioridades y a los programas deben basarse firmemente en conocimientos comprobados y someterse a evaluación continua. Esta transición requiere promover el pensamiento crítico en todos los ámbitos. Surge entonces la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos promover el razonamiento crítico en los servicios de salud para fijar prioridades, adoptar decisiones acertadas y poner en práctica iniciativas efectivas? En otras palabras, ¿cómo podemos pasar de la evidencia al desempeño? Una pregunta aún más básica es ¿por qué debemos fijar prioridades?

A functional-dynamic reflection on participatory processes in modeling projects.

Science.gov (United States)

Seidl, Roman

2015-12-01

The participation of nonscientists in modeling projects/studies is increasingly employed to fulfill different functions. However, it is not well investigated if and how explicitly these functions and the dynamics of a participatory process are reflected by modeling projects in particular. In this review study, I explore participatory modeling projects from a functional-dynamic process perspective. The main differences among projects relate to the functions of participation-most often, more than one per project can be identified, along with the degree of explicit reflection (i.e., awareness and anticipation) on the dynamic process perspective. Moreover, two main approaches are revealed: participatory modeling covering diverse approaches and companion modeling. It becomes apparent that the degree of reflection on the participatory process itself is not always explicit and perfectly visible in the descriptions of the modeling projects. Thus, the use of common protocols or templates is discussed to facilitate project planning, as well as the publication of project results. A generic template may help, not in providing details of a project or model development, but in explicitly reflecting on the participatory process. It can serve to systematize the particular project's approach to stakeholder collaboration, and thus quality management.

Risk-maps informing land-use planning processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basta, Claudia [DIRC Sustainable Urban Areas, Section of Material Science and Sustainable Construction, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2600 GA, Delft (Netherlands)]. E-mail: c.basta@citg.tudelft.nl; Neuvel, Jeroen M.M. [Land Use Planning, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Postbus 47, 6700 AA Wageningen (Netherlands)]. E-mail: jeroen.neuvel@wur.nl; Zlatanova, Sisi [Section GISt, OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 9, P.O. Box 5030, 2600 GA, Delft (Netherlands)]. E-mail: s.zlatanova@otb.tudelft.nl; Ale, Ben [Safety Science Group, TBM Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2600 GA, Delft (Netherlands)

2007-06-25

The definition of safety distances as required by Art 12 of the Seveso II Directive on dangerous substances (96/82/EC) is necessary to minimize the consequences of potential major accidents. As they affect the land-use destinations of involved areas, safety distances can be considered as risk tolerability criteria with a territorial reflection. Recent studies explored the suitability of using Geographical Information System technologies to support their elaboration and visual rendering. In particular, the elaboration of GIS 'risk-maps' has been recognized as functional to two objectives: connecting spatial planners and safety experts during decision making processes and communicating risk to non-experts audiences. In order to elaborate on these findings and to verify their reflection on European practices, the article presents the result of a comparative study between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands recent developments. Their land-use planning practices for areas falling under Seveso II requirements are explored. The role of GIS risk-maps within decisional processes is analyzed and the reflection on the transparency and accessibility of risk-information is commented. Recommendations for further developments are given.

Parental decisional strategies regarding HPV vaccination before media debates: a focus group study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hofman, R.; Empelen, P. van; Vogel, I.; Raat, H.; Ballegooijen, M. van; Korfage, I.J.

2013-01-01

Before the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, decisional strategies and factors that could guide HPV vaccination intentions were explored. The authors conducted 4 focus group discussions with 36 parents of children 8-15 years of age. Three groups consisted primarily of Dutch

Characterizing the monaural and binaural processes underlying reflection masking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buchholz, Jörg

2007-01-01

for the two RMTs, it is shown that forward masking effects only have a significant effect on reflection masking for delays above 7–10 ms. Moreover, binaural mechanisms were revealed which deteriorate auditory detection of test reflections for delays below 7–10 ms and enhance detection for larger delays....... The monaural and binaural processes that may underlie reflection masking are discussed in terms of auditory-modelling concepts....

La hoja de cálculo como herramienta de toma de decisiones: aplicación a la PYME

OpenAIRE

Marín Blaya, Pedro Gabriel

2015-01-01

La toma de decisiones es algo innato en el ser humano. Son situaciones que vivimos prácticamente a diario, a veces, hasta inconscientemente. Sin embargo, son muchos los factores que debemos de tener en cuenta cuando nos enfrentamos a decisiones difíciles, como por ejemplo, decidir hacer una carrera, o elegir un trabajo. En estos casos, deberemos analizar toda la información de la que disponemos. Tendremos que observar nuestra situación actual, nuestro nivel económico, nuestras inquietudes,...

Teoría de la Decisión: Proceso de interacciones u organizaciones como sistemas de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Vidal,Josep

2012-01-01

Se expone un debate teórico sobre la aportación sociológica referente a las decisiones en las organizaciones. Sobresalen dos teorías de las decisiones. La primera, basada en el proceso de decisión a partir una teoría crítica de la multirracionalidad lineal elaborado por Lucien Sfez, al plantear que con la decisión se trata de un proceso de interacciones, al ser considerada como un proceso institucional fundamentado en la libertad del sujeto. La segunda fundamentada en la teoría de sistemas au...

Automatización Fuzzy aplicado en la contabilidad decisional

OpenAIRE

Jaime Tinto Arandes; María Emilia Molina; Habbid Chávez Acosta; Sylvia Mosquera Maldonado

2016-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la automatización en los instrumentos que la teoría de la incertidumbre contiene, dentro de las ciencias contables como herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones debido a la necesidad de darle al área contable una visión predictiva y dinámica. Con ello se pretende ir introduciendo los conceptos de la teoría de la incertidumbre para la construcción de los balances previsionales de situación y unos estados previsionales de resultados, donde qu...

Mariguana y sus efectos sobre el cerebro, la toma de decisiones y la inteligencia. Una revisión narrativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandra E. Ruiz Contreras

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la mariguana es la droga de mayor consumo después del tabaco y el alcohol, a pesar de que está penado utilizar más de cierto gramaje que depende del país; por ejemplo, en México es más de 5 g, lo que indica una alta motivación por conseguir la droga. Uno de los principios activos de la mariguana es el Δ9-tetrahidrocannabinol. Esta molécula afecta al sistema endocannabinoide, provocando cambios en su función y, concomitantemente, en la morfología cerebral. Objetivo: revisar y discutir la evidencia científica del efecto del consumo de mariguana sobre el cerebro, la inteligencia y la toma de decisiones. Método: se consideraron los reportes científicos que abarcan de 2005 a marzo de 2016 encontrados en PubMed, enfocados en los efectos del consumo de mariguana sobre cambios morfológicos cerebrales, la inteligencia y la toma de decisiones. Resultados: dependiendo de la edad de inicio del consumo de mariguana, es posible detectar cambios en el cerebro y la inteligencia, mientras que otras variables como la frecuencia o la cantidad de uso repercuten en la eficiencia para la toma de decisiones. Discusión y conclusiones: estos resultados señalan que 1 el consumo de mariguana afecta la morfología cerebral, la toma de decisiones y la inteligencia; 2 sugieren la potencial participación del sistema endocannabinoide en la toma de decisiones e inteligencia; y 3 dadas las consecuencias, deben alertar al sector salud para promover su prevención y en su momento estar preparados para la rehabilitación.

Fall prevention modulates decisional saccadic behaviour in aging

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Olivier A. Coubard

2012-07-01

Full Text Available As society ages and frequency of falls increases in older adults, counteracting motor decline is a challenging issue for developed countries. Physical activity based on aerobic and strength training as well as motor activity based on skill learning both help benefit balance and reduce the risk of falls, as assessed by clinical or laboratory measures. However, how such programs influence motor control is a neglected issue. This study examined the effects of fall prevention (FP training on saccadic control in older adults. Saccades were recorded in twelve participants aged 64-91 years before and after 2.5-month training in FP. Traditional analysis of saccade timing and dynamics was performed together with a quantitative analysis using the LATER model, enabling us to examine the underlying motor control processes. Results indicated that FP reduced the rate of anticipatory and express saccades in inappropriate directions and enhanced that of express saccades in the appropriate direction, resulting in decreased latency and higher left-right symmetry of motor responses. FP reduced within-participant variability of saccade duration, amplitude, and peak velocity. LATER analysis suggested that FP modulates decisional thresholds, extending our knowledge of motor training influence on central motor control. We introduce the TIMER-RIDER model to account for the results.

Factores que influyen las decisiones terapéuticas en Ortodoncia: Revisión de la literatura

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Francisca Matthews

Full Text Available Resumen En la actualidad existe una inmensa variedad de técnicas ortodóncicas, cada una de ellas con sus indicaciones y usos específicos a partir de las cuales se debe seleccionar la más apropiada para cada situación clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en la literatura reciente los factores que influyen o que explicarían las decisiones terapéuticas que se toman en odontología, centrados en la especialidad de ortodoncia. Se ha pesquisado que la educación recibida, las preferencias individuales y el dominio de las diferentes técnicas, las características y valores personales, la situación clínica y económica del paciente, el sistema de salud y la relación odontólogo-paciente adquieren un papel importante en la selección del tratamiento. También cobran importancia los principios éticos y aspectos sociales, tales como las teorías del comportamiento que son homologables al actuar profesional. Es importante comprender la toma de decisiones y la selección de los tratamientos por el impacto que tiene en la atención del paciente y su satisfacción, en el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos, el funcionamiento de la salud pública y la calidad de los servicios entregados. En la actualidad son escasos los estudios dedicados al proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas, por lo que se hace necesario ampliar los alcances de las investigaciones, incluyendo investigaciones cualitativas, con el fin de comprender más profundamente el fenómeno de la toma de decisiones.

The subjective dimension of decision making in sport development and validity of the cetd questionnaire of sport decision style Dimensión subjetiva de la toma de decisiones en el deporte: desarrollo y validación del cuestionario cetd de estilo de decision en el deporte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.L. Graupera

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

One of the main objectives of sport psychological research is knowing how sportsmen and women understand, perceive, interpret and decide in sport situations. This study presents the results of the development and validation of a questionnaire for analysing the personal dimension of decision making in sport. This instrument permits to explore different aspects of this process such as commitment with the decision training, perceived decisional competence and anxiety with decisional situations. Its psychometric properties permits to say that is an adequate tool for sport psychologists and coaches in order to improve psychological process implied in sport decisions.
KEY WORDS: Decision making, questionnaire, psychological processes, assessment

Una de los retos de la investigación sobre los procesos psicológicos en el ámbito deportivo es acercarse a la comprensión de lo que percibe, interpreta y decide el deportista ante las situaciones que su deporte le presenta. En el presente estudio se presenta el desarrollo y validación de un instrumento para analizar la dimensión subjetiva de la toma de decisiones en el deporte. Este instrumento permite explorar aspectos relacionados con la toma de decisiones tales como el compromiso al decidir, la competencia decisional percibida así como la ansiedad y el agobio al decidir.
Sus características psicométricas permite que se puede considerar adecuados para poder ser empleado por los profesionales del Deporte y la Psicología con intenciones de mejorar los aspectos psicológicos y emocionales de los deportistas participantes en deportes en los que la decisión es fundamental.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Toma de decisiones, Cuestionario, procesos psicológicos, evaluación

La toma de decisiones en baloncesto. Una propuesta de árboles decisionales para la enseñanza del bloqueo directo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernesto Suárez-Cadenas

Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo tiene por objetivo clarificar conceptos relacionados con la toma de decisiones en el deporte y proponer su aplicación para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del bloqueo directo (BD en baloncesto. Se realiza un repaso histórico hasta llegar a las teorías modernas de mayor vigencia en el ámbito deportivo. De la misma forma, se analiza el estado del arte actual de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la toma de decisiones, mostrando las distintas ventajas e inconvenientes del uso de las estrategias de enseñanza intencional e incidental. Posteriormente, a partir de los conceptos revisados (reglas si-entonces y las distintas estrategias de enseñanza incidental e intencional, se establece una propuesta de entrenamiento del BD en baloncesto. A través de distintos árboles decisionales y de propuestas de tareas específicas se ha intentado resolver el problema de cómo potenciar la toma de decisiones de los jugadores durante el BD atendiendo a la lógica interna y a los principios del juego, pero intentando, a la vez, que los jugadores desarrollen una toma de decisiones propia, única e individual.

Las decisiones básicas de la estrategia de deslocalización: qué, dónde y cómo deslocalizar

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Toral Pla, David

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones que una empresa debe tomar a la hora de emprender una estrategia de deslocalización poseen una elevada importancia. En el presente trabajo se analizan las decisiones básicas a las que una empresa debe hacer frente para acometer con éxito una estrategia de deslocalización y mejorar su ventaja competitiva. Concretamente se examina la elección de las actividades a deslocalizar, la elección del país de destino y la elección del modo de deslocalización. Una combinación adecuada de estas tres decisiones conjuntamente facilitará el éxito de una estrategia de deslocalización.

La toma de decisiones en salud y el modelo conceptual de Ottawa Decision-making in health and the Ottawa decision-support framework

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendoza P. Sara

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Realizar un análisis del Modelo de Toma de Decisiones en Salud de Ottawa, planteado por la enfermera canadiense Annette M. O’Connors, como una estrategia para resolver conflictos decisionales en salud. Se plantea su utilidad en la intervención que hace enfermería en la comunidad y la familia. Se concluye que el conflicto decisional surge frente a la toma de decisiones y los profesionales de la salud deben adoptar un rol protagónico en él, desarrollando habilidades para apoyar a sus pacientes o usuarios en los conflictos que deben enfrentar, teniendo el Modelo de toma de decisiones de Ottawa como un referencial útil para ayudarles, especialmente a las mujeres, a asumir un rol más activo en las decisiones que afectan su propia salud.This article analyses the Ottawa Decision-support Framework proponed by the Canadian nurse Annette M. O´Connors to help strategic decision-making in Health and its usefulness in the nurses´intervention in the family and the community. When conflicting opinions have to be considered before making a decision, the nursing professionals should assume a protagonist part. Therefore they have to develop abilities to support their patients when they face conflicts. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework is a very useful reference to help people, especially women, when they should assume a more active part in decisions that affect their health.

A situated approach to student’s reflection processes

OpenAIRE

Wegener, Charlotte

2011-01-01

This paper connects with the conference themes “Vocational Education, LabourMarkets and Learning”. In Denmark the social and health care education is part of the Vocational Education System, which combines school attendance and trainee service in the social and health care sector. Throughout the education, the students are required to reflect upon their own learning processes, and how to combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The students are required to document their reflection...

Validity and Stability of the Decisional Balance for Sun Protection Inventory

OpenAIRE

Hui-Qing Yin; Joseph S. Rossi; Colleen A. Redding; Andrea L. Paiva; Steven F. Babbin; Wayne F. Velicer

2014-01-01

The 8-item Decisional Balance for sun protection inventory (SunDB) assesses the relative importance of the perceived advantages (Pros) and disadvantages (Cons) of sun protective behaviors. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SunDB measure, including invariance of the measurement model, in a population-based sample of N = 1336 adults. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretically based 2-factor (Pros, Cons) model, with high internal consistencies for each subscale...

The Role of Reflection on Clients' Change in the Coaching Process

Science.gov (United States)

Kristal, Zuno

2010-01-01

This study explored the role of reflection in the personal life-coaching process and the ways it affects clients' change, as perceived by both coach and client. Underlying this study is that coaching is currently recognized as a learning process, yet how reflection is understood or used is currently unspecified. Insights gained from the adult…

Language of Uncertainty: the Expression of Decisional Conflict Related to Skin Cancer Prevention Recommendations.

Science.gov (United States)

Strekalova, Yulia A; James, Vaughan S

2017-09-01

User-generated information on the Internet provides opportunities for the monitoring of health information consumer attitudes. For example, information about cancer prevention may cause decisional conflict. Yet posts and conversations shared by health information consumers online are often not readily actionable for interpretation and decision-making due to their unstandardized format. This study extends prior research on the use of natural language as a predictor of consumer attitudes and provides a link to decision-making by evaluating the predictive role of uncertainty indicators expressed in natural language. Analyzed data included free-text comments and structured scale responses related to information about skin cancer prevention options. The study identified natural language indicators of uncertainty and showed that it can serve as a predictor of decisional conflict. The natural indicators of uncertainty reported here can facilitate the monitoring of health consumer perceptions about cancer prevention recommendations and inform education and communication campaign planning and evaluation.

Panorámica de las teorías y métodos de investigación en torno a la toma de decisiones en el tenis

OpenAIRE

García González, Luis; Araújo, Duarte; Carvalho, João; Villar Álvarez, Fernando del

2011-01-01

In this theoretical and methodological review of decision making in tennis, we describe some of the explanatory theories of the decisional process by using two approaches: cognitive psychology and ecological psychology. Within the former approach, based on models of information processing, we focus on the importance of visual and perceptual behaviour as mediators of anticipation and decision-making skills in tennis, as well as related concepts such as attention and visual acuity. Subsequently...

Requerimientos informacionales para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yunier RODRÍGUEZ-CRUZ

Full Text Available Resumen Se examina el carácter informacional del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas con el propósito de identificar los requerimientos informacionales que condicionan el uso de información que se realiza en los niveles estratégicos en instituciones de información. El acercamiento teórico al tema permite comprender las particularidades en relación a la información como recurso estratégico y determinar aquellos factores y elementos que desde las Ciencias de la Información han contribuido a la teoría de las decisiones organizacionales. El estudio se realizó con directivos de once instituciones cubanas. Se profundiza, a partir del método fenomenográfico, en la opinión de los entrevistados acerca de los recursos, procesos, sistemas, factores y estados emocionales vinculados a la información y su uso en la toma de decisiones. Como resultado se identifica un conjunto de requerimientos informacionales, entre los que destacan los sistemas de información, procesos informacionales y gerenciales, así como un conjunto de recursos informacionales y factores socio-cognitivos que posibilitan fomentar y generar una infraestructura informacional y potenciar la cultura informacional necesaria para el desarrollo de procesos de decisión eficaces a nivel estratégico.

Motivational interviewing and the decisional balance procedure for cessation induction in smokers not intending to quit.

Science.gov (United States)

Krigel, Susan W; Grobe, James E; Goggin, Kathy; Harris, Kari Jo; Moreno, Jose L; Catley, Delwyn

2017-01-01

The decisional balance (DB) procedure examines the pros and cons of behavior change and was considered a component in early formulations of Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there is controversy and conflicting findings regarding the use of a DB exercise within the treatment of addictions and a need to clarify the role of DB as a component of MI. College tobacco smokers (N=82) with no intentions on quitting were randomly assigned to receive a single counseling session of either Motivational Interviewing using only the decisional balance component (MIDB), or health education around smoking cessation (HE). Assessments were obtained at baseline, immediately post-treatment, 1week, and 4weeks. Compared to HE, the MIDB sessions scored significantly higher on the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale (all standardized differences d>1, pmotivation to quit, quit attempts, and self-reported abstinence, with no significant group differences. Changes in the Pros of smoking were correlated with MITI scores, but not with cessation outcomes. In contrast, increases in the Cons of smoking and therapeutic alliance were predictive of better cessation outcomes. The decisional balance exercise as formulated by earlier versions of MI may be counter-productive and cautions around its use are warranted. Instead, improved cessation outcomes appear associated with increasing perceived benefits of quitting and positive therapeutic alliance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impulsive and reflective processes related to alcohol use in young adolescents

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Sara ePieters

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Dual process models suggest that the development of addictive behaviors is the result of interplay between impulsive and reflective processes, modulated by boundary conditions such as individual or situational factors. Empirical support for this model has been repeatedly demonstrated in adult samples (for a meta-analysis see Rooke, Hine, & Thorsteinsson, 2008. The purpose of this study was to test these processes as they relate to emerging alcohol use in adolescents. Specifically, the interactive effects of several measures of impulsive and reflective processes and working memory capacity are examined as predictors of changes in alcohol use among adolescents. It was expected that measures of reflective processes would better predict changes in alcohol use than measures of impulsive processes. Moreover, it was anticipated that working memory capacity would moderate the relation between alcohol-specific impulsive and reflective processes and changes in adolescent alcohol use. Methods: The sample consisted of 427 adolescents (47.7% male between 12 and 16 years of age (M = 13.96, SD = .78 who reported drinking alcohol at least once. Four measures of impulsive processes were included. Attentional bias for alcohol was assessed with a Visual Probe Test; approach bias toward alcohol was assessed with a Stimulus Response Compatibility Test (SRC; and memory associations with alcohol were assessed with an Implicit Association Test (IAT and a Word Association Test (WAT. Two measures of reflective measures were included: positive and negative expectancies. Working memory capacity was measured using a Self-Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT.Results: Results showed that positive expectancies predicted changes in alcohol use, but this effect was qualified by an interaction with IAT scores. Moreover, SRC scores predicted changes in alcohol use only when negative expectancies were low. Attentional bias and word association scores did not predict changes in

El impacto de los sesgos conductuales en la toma de decisiones de inversión

OpenAIRE

Cano, Carlos; Cardoso, Edward

2015-01-01

Presentan brevemente las principales diferencias entre las finanzas del comportamiento y la teoría financiera tradicional, y se desarrolla el concepto de sesgo conductual y sus efectos sobre las decisiones de inversión de los agentes económicos.

Improving design processes through structured reflection : a prototype software tool

OpenAIRE

Reymen, I.M.M.J.; Melby, E.

2001-01-01

A prototype software tool facilitating the use of a design method supporting structured reflection on design processes is presented. The prototype, called Echo, has been developed to explore the benefits of using a software system to facilitate the use of the design method. Both the prototype software tool and the design method are developed as part of the Ph.D. project of Isabelle Reymen. The goal of the design method is supporting designers with reflection on design processes in a systemati...

Optimización en las decisiones de financiamiento de proyectos

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Felipe Tomás Muñoz Valdés

2003-07-01

Full Text Available La finalidad de este trabajo es aplicar herramientas de optimización a las decisiones de financiamiento de proyectos de inversión, más específicamente, cómo mejorar el valor actual de un proyecto eligiendo la combinación óptima de fuentes de financiamiento. El carácter de largo plazo de las inversiones de un proyecto exige investigar las opciones de financiamiento para el proyecto, y no cabe duda que mientras más convenientes sean las condiciones que se logren, más atractivo será el proyecto. La búsqueda de la forma de financiar un proyecto de inversión, puede dar como resultado una variedad bastante importante de opciones diferentes. Esta información es de mucha utilidad para el inversionista, porque le permite determinar cómo financiar el proyecto, es decir, cuánto capital propio debe invertir en el proyecto y cómo debe financiar el monto restante de la inversión. Los métodos y modelos que se usan actualmente en esta toma de decisiones tienen deficiencias. Una de las deficiencias más importantes de estos métodos es que suponen que en todos los periodos se tienen utilidades antes de impuestos, calculando impuestos sobre las pérdidas antes de impuesto. También presentan dificultades cuando se tienen muchas alternativas de financiamiento y no permiten buscar combinaciones entre fuentes de financiamiento. A medida que aumenta la cantidad y características de las fuentes de financiamiento, aumenta la cantidad de cálculos de valor actual que se deben realizar, por lo que la aplicación de estas herramientas requiere una gran cantidad de tiempo. Para resolver el problema se recurrió a la teoría económica de Preparación de Proyectos, Evaluación de Proyectos y Programación Matemática, más específicamente a la Programación Mixta, que es una mezcla de Programación Lineal y Programación Entera. El procedimiento que se empleó para desarrollar el modelo de programación matemática, comenzó con la identificación de

Guarantee of Criminal Policy as Limited to Criminal Decisionism

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María Belén Bonilla Albán

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The essay explains how the inclusion of the security of public policy in the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador as part of the constitutional state of law and justice or “guarantor state” can become a substantial limit for criminal decisionism, which is usually behind the penal policy in Latin America. Thus, the function of this collateral is to eliminate the huge space of discretion in the management of the most sensitive policy of modern state penal policy. However, the guarantee of public policy is not clear in determining the limits of punitive power; therefore, this paper seeks to explore some of the international human rights.

LA PREDECIBILIDAD DE LAS DECISIONES JUDICIALES

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María Isabel Garrido Gómez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El tema que estudio es la predecibilidad de las decisiones judiciales, ligada a los valores de la libertad, la seguridad y la igualdad. El punto de partida es el de que el principio jurisdiccional que guía la actividad de los jueces es ejercer la garantía de cierre del sistema mediante la corrección de los márgenes de desviación e ilegitimidad jurídicas en las que se hubiera podido incurrir. Desde esta perspectiva, me ocupo del marco en el que se ha de construir la teoría y la práctica de la predecibilidad de tales decisiones dentro de un Estado de Derecho, y del juego concatenado de los valores indicados. Para analizar el juego, me adentro en la cuestión de la motivación de las sentencias, la discrecionalidad judicial, los elementos y significados de la seguridad jurídica y los precedentes; profundizando en el tratamiento dado a la predecibilidad del Derecho por el realismo jurídico norteamericano, especialmente por Frank y Llewellyn. En general, se advierte que los cambios que sufre el modelo aplicativo del Derecho rompen con la concepción del estricto formalismo, creándose espacios relacionados con fines y estrategias no jurídicas. Por consiguiente, se comprende que tenía razón el realismo jurídico norteamericano a la hora de conceptuar el Derecho como realidad que sufre un cambio incesante, apoyado en la actividad judicial creativa. En este sentido, queda patente que no se produce sólo por el legislador, sino que también toma parte el juez. Su creación se reenvía a la interpretación de la norma aplicable y a que la norma particular en la que deriva la decisión no es efecto de la lógica.The issue addressed in this study is the predictability of judicial decisions, linked to the values of liberty, the feeling of security it affords people, and equality. The jurisdictional principal guiding judges is to exercise the guarantee of closure of the system by correcting the margins of legal deviation and illegitimacy that

Anodization process produces opaque, reflective coatings on aluminum

Science.gov (United States)

1965-01-01

Opaque, reflective coatings are produced on aluminum articles by an anodizing process wherein the anodizing bath contains an aqueous dispersion of finely divided insoluble inorganic compounds. These particles appear as uniformly distributed occlusions in the anodic deposit on the aluminum.

Seismic 2D reflection processing and interpretation of shallow refraction data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oehman, I.; Heikkinen, E.; Lehtimaeki, T.

2006-12-01

Posiva Oy takes care of the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Finland. In year 2001 Olkiluoto was selected for the site of final disposal. Currently construction of the underground research facility, ONKALO, is going on at the Olkiluoto site. The aim of this work was to use two-dimensional reflection seismic processing methods to refraction seismic data collected from the ONKALO area in year 2002, and to locate gently dipping reflectors from the stacked sections. Processing was done using mainly open source software Seismic Unix. After the processing, the most distinct two-dimensional reflectors were picked from seismic sections using visualization environment OpendTect. After picking the features from crossing lines were combined into three-dimensional surfaces. Special attention was given for the detection of possible faults and discontinuities. The surfaces were given coordinates and their orientation was adjusted using a geometric procedure, which corresponds roughly a 3D migration, transferred to 3D presentation utility and compared to available geological information. The advantage of this work is to be able to get three-dimensional reflection seismic results from existing data set at only processing costs. Survey lines are also partly located in ONKALO area where extensive surface seismic surveys may not be possible to perform. The applied processing method was successful in detecting the reflectors. Most significant steps were the refraction and residual statics, and deconvolution. Some distinct reflectors can be seen at times 20-200 ms (vertical depths 50-500 m). The signal gets noisier below 200 ms. Reflectors are best visible as coherent phase between the adjacent traces, but do not raise much above the surrounding noise level. Higher amount of traces to be stacked would emphasis the reflections and their continuity more. Reflectors picked on crossing lines match well to borehole observations (KR4, KR7, KR24 and KR38) of fracture zones, and get

El moep y el Peep Luces amarillas en el tablero de las decisiones empresariales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo Kaplan

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Entre la variada gama de posibilidades que debe manejar uma organizacion, en el momento de tomar decisiones o politicas con respecto a lineas de producto, puntos de yenta etc., es posible que se plantee la eleccion de continuar con la produccion o comercializacion de un determinado producto o servicio.

Experiencia de familiares de enfermos con cáncer terminal respecto a las decisiones al final de la vida

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Norma Alicia Ordóñez Vázquez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La experiencia de los familiares que toman el rol de cuidadores primarios, en el proceso de una enfermedad terminal como el cáncer, proporciona información acerca de la toma de decisiones al final de la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer desde la experiencia del familiar del enfermo quién toma las decisiones al final de la vida y cómo afectan estas decisiones al enfermo si no se considera su autonomía. Método: Tipo de estudio: Investigación de corte cualitativo que parte del paradigma hermenéutico fenomenológico. Se aborda desde la postura fenomenológica porque esta permite conocer la percepción que tienen las personas del mundo en el cual viven y el significado que le dan. Además se centra en la experiencia de vida de las personas, en este caso en la experiencia de los familiares de enfermos terminales. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. Participantes: Cuidadores primarios y familiares de enfermos con cáncer terminal que fueron atendidos en hospitales de la ciudad de México. Procedimiento: Se elaboró una guía de entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizaron 11 entrevistas de las cuales ocho formaron díadas cuidador/familiar. Las tres restantes se realizaron a cuidadores. Seis entrevistas se llevaron a cabo en un espacio de un hospital de tercer nivel y cinco en espacios públicos. Se utilizó el análisis temático y el método de van Manen. Resultados: La experiencia de los familiares muestra por una parte que las decisiones fueron tomadas por el enfermo (plano autónomo, aunque existieron algunos casos en los que él no tomó la decisión, en el momento final, los familiares fueron los que tuvieron que asumir la responsabilidad de tomar decisiones, dependiendo de cómo se iba presentando el proceso de enfermedad (plano dependiente. Es importante resaltar que en los casos estudiados no siempre existió adecuada comunicación médico-paciente. Además, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica, se

Reflective processes of practitioners in head and neck cancer rehabilitation: a grounded theory study.

Science.gov (United States)

Caty, Marie-Ève; Kinsella, Elizabeth Anne; Doyle, Philip C

2016-12-01

This study systematically examined how experienced Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) use the processes of reflection to develop knowledge relevant for practice in the context of head and neck cancer (HNC) rehabilitation. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 SLPs working in HNC rehabilitation in North America. Grounded theory methodology was adopted for data collection and analysis. The findings inform a preliminary reflective practice model that depicts the processes of reflection used by practitioners interviewed. Nine categories of reflective processes were identified by participant SLPs in terms of the processes of reflection: ongoing questioning, experimenting through trial and error, integrating knowledge from past cases, embracing surprise, thinking out of the box, being in the moment, consulting with colleagues, putting oneself in the patients' shoes, and discerning ethical issues. These findings provide empirical evidence that supports Schön's theory of reflective practice and contribute to knowledge about the ways in which SLPs use processes of reflection in the context of HNC rehabilitation. The findings of this study have implications for how SLPs perceive and consider their role as knowledge-users and knowledge producers in their day-to-day clinical work, as well as for building capacity for reflective practice.

Technical clarification to Silbert and Thomas (2013): "decisional separability, model identification, and statistical inference in the general recognition theory framework".

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Robin D; Silbert, Noah H

2014-04-01

We offer a minor technical correction to the published proof of part (ii) of the main theorem in Silbert and Thomas (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 1-20, 2013) that somewhat limits the scope of the equivalence observed in that work. Specifically, in order for a mean shift integrality with decisional separability to be mimicked by a perceptually separable but nondecisionally separable configuration, one needs to assume stimulus invariance. This holds when all of the covariance matrices in the stimulus configuration are equal to each other. We note that part (i) of the theorem is unaffected by this modification; an empirical finding of perceptual separability and the failure of decisional separability can be mimicked by a perceptually nonseparable, decisionally separable configuration without restricting the covariance matrices to be equal. We also note that stimulus invariance is often assumed in simple designs (e.g., Macmillan & Ornstein in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 1261-1285, 1998), due to the implausibility of different perceptual correlations being present within stimuli perched very closely in perceptual space.

A situated approach to student’s reflection processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wegener, Charlotte

2011-01-01

This paper connects with the conference themes “Vocational Education, Labour Markets and Learning”. In Denmark the social and health care education is part of the Vocational Education System, which combines school attendance and trainee service in the social and health care sector. Throughout...... the education, the students are required to reflect upon their own learning processes, and how to combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The students are required to document their reflection processes in two formats: 1) log writing and 2) self-evaluation according to a list of endpoint work skills....... The log and the list of work skills play a central role as entry point in the teachers’ and supervisors’ formal learning dialogues with the students. Based upon an ethnographic field study at a social and health care college, and at the workplaces where students work as trainees, I have observed that some...

En busca de una salud más participativa: compartiendo decisiones de salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulina Bravo

Full Text Available El modelo de atención en salud paternalista está derivando hacia modelos más participativos, como lo es la toma de decisiones compartidas (TDC, en el que se considera al paciente como agente responsable y autónomo. La TDC representa un enfoque terapéutico en el que profesionales y pacientes comparten la mejor evidencia científica disponible para tomar una decisión, incorporando los valores y preferencias del paciente. Este intercambio de información puede facilitarse mediante el uso de herramientas de ayuda para la TDC, que han demostrado ser efectivas para mejorar el conocimiento, la satisfacción del paciente, y reducir el conflicto decisional. En este sentido, las habilidades comunicacionales ejercen un rol fundamental en el establecimiento de la relación profesional - paciente, facilitando el intercambio de información y preferencias de manera efectiva y respetuosa. Esta aproximación terapéutica podría apoyar la reducción de las disparidades en salud que prevalecen en Latinoamérica, al facilitar que las personas puedan participar informada y activamente en el cuidado de su salud.

Perceived decisional responsibility for mechanical ventilation and weaning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haugdahl, Hege S; Storli, Sissel; Rose, Louise

2014-01-01

AIM: To explore variability in perceptions of nurse managers and physician directors regarding roles, responsibilities and clinical-decision making related to mechanical ventilator weaning in Norwegian intensive care units (ICUs). BACKGROUND: Effective teamwork is crucial for providing optimal...... patient care in ICU. More knowledge on nurses' and physicians' perceptions of responsibility in clinical decision-making for mechanical ventilation is needed. METHODS: Self-administered survey of mechanical ventilation and weaning responsibilities was sent to nurse managers and physician directors...... of Norwegian adult ICUs. Nurses' decisional influence and autonomy were estimated on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 (least to most). RESULTS: Response rate was 38/60 (63%) nurses and 38/52 (73%) physicians. On the NRS nurse managers perceived the autonomy and influence of nurses' ventilator...

Marcos GRADE de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD: un enfoque sistemático y transparente para tomar decisiones sanitarias bien informadas. 1: Introducción

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Pablo Alonso-Coello

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Los médicos y quienes elaboran guías y políticas a veces pasan por alto criterios importantes, les dan un peso indebido o no usan la mejor evidencia disponible para informar sus juicios. Los sistemas explícitos y transparentes para la toma de decisiones pueden ayudar a garantizar que se consideren todos los criterios importantes, y que las decisiones estén basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible. El grupo de trabajo GRADE ha desarrollado marcos «de la evidencia a la decisión» (EtD para los diferentes tipos de recomendaciones o decisiones. El objetivo de los marcos EtD es ayudar a los paneles a usar la evidencia de una manera estructurada y transparente para informar las decisiones respecto de las recomendaciones clínicas, decisiones de cobertura sanitaria y recomendaciones o decisiones sobre el sistema sanitario o sobre salud pública. Los marcos EtD tienen una estructura común: formulación de una pregunta, evaluación de la evidencia y conclusiones. No obstante, existen diferencias entre los marcos para cada tipo de decisión. Los marcos EtD informan a los usuarios sobre los juicios que se han hecho y la evidencia que los apoya dotando de transparencia la base para las decisiones de los que tienen que tomarlas. Los marcos EtD también facilitan la diseminación de las recomendaciones y permiten a los decisores de otros ámbitos adoptar recomendaciones o decisiones, o adaptarlas a su contexto. El siguiente artículo es una traducción del artículo original publicado en British Medical Journal. Los marcos EtD se utilizan actualmente en el marco del Programa de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, coordinado por GuíaSalud.

How Can a Process of Reflection Enhance Teacher-Trainees’ Practicum Experience?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Zulimay Camacho Rico

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The present study was an attempt to understand how a process of reflection helped five foreign language student teachers throughout their first teaching experience. This study was conducted in the classrooms of five public schools in Colombia where English was taught to high school students. Data were collected through classroom observations, students’ reflective journals, lesson plans and semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that reflection is a way to help foreign language student teachers to improve their first teaching practice. The analysis was based on the light of two theories, reflection in action and reflection on action from Schön (1987 and Van Manen’s (1977 three levels of reflection.

PROCESS OF DEVELOPING NIHILISM AND REFLECTION TO RUSSIAN LITERATURE

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Nazan COSKUN KARATAS

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Nihilism that its origions based on ancient Greek, philosophically and politically has emerged in the 19th century with modernity.Nihilism which occurred by the collapse of the system of Christian values have effect also Russia as well as Europe. In this study origion of nihilism and its historicall process have been referred and mainly emergence of nihilism in Russia and developing process and its reflection to Russian Literature have been examined. Reflection of nihilism to Russia Literature are deal with in the frameworks of İ.S.Turgenyev ‘’Father sand Sons’’, İ.Gonçarov ‘’Slope’’ F.M.Dostoyevski ‘’Demons’’. Subsequently differences of nihilism understanding in these Works have been evaluated.

territorial previa a la toma de decisiones

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Ángel Raúl Ruiz Pulpón

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La expansión de la agricultura de regadío ha ocasionado una signifi cativa confl ictividad ecológica, económica y social concerniente al uso del agua en la cuenca del Guadiana. Ante la ausencia, en estos últimos treinta años, de enfoques territoriales y sistémicos para la resolución de la problemática, se propone una metodología que permite la clasifi cación territorial de los municipios de la cuenca hidrográfi ca del Guadiana que presenten unas características similares de sus regadíos, con el objeto de plantear un modelo espacial previo a la toma de decisiones sobre la gestión de los recursos hídricos, agrarios y ambientales en Castilla-La Mancha, en consonancia con los preceptos estipulados por la Directiva Marco de Aguas y la Estrategia Territorial Europea

Criterios éticos para las decisiones sanitarias al final de la vida de personas incapaces

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Inés Ma. Barrio Cantalejo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente las relaciones sanitarias se apoyan en el reconocimiento del derecho de los pacientes a participar en las decisiones sobre su salud. Esta idea es el fundamento del consentimiento informado. Sin embargo, problema surge cuando el paciente no puede participar en estas decisiones porque se halla en una situación de incapacidad. Es otro, un representante, quien debe decidir por él. En España no existe claridad sobre qué criterios deben orientar las decisiones que ha de tomar el representante. El presente artículo presenta los criterios de decisión en pacientes incapaces desarrollados por la jurisprudencia norteamericana: el criterio subjetivo, el criterio del juicio sustitutivo y el criterio del mejor interés o mayor beneficio. El criterio subjetivo consiste en seguir las directrices que el paciente dictó antes de perder la capacidad. El criterio del juicio sustitutivo trata de deducir la decisión que hubiese tomado el propio paciente si pudiera, a partir de lo que conocemos de él. El criterio del mayor beneficio intenta proteger el bienestar del paciente. Tradicionalmente el «mejor interés» ha sido defender la vida a toda costa, sin atender a otro tipo de consideraciones. Quizás sea el momento de buscar un consenso sobre lo que socialmente hoy en día se considera «mejor interés». Su significado no podrá derivarse exclusivamente del derecho a la vida, sino de la conjunción entre éste –en cantidad y calidad suficientes– y la libertad, interpretados a la luz del respeto a la dignidad de la persona.

Dificultades de las enfermeras de atención primaria en los procesos de planificación anticipada de las decisiones: un estudio cualitativo

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Nani Granero-Moya

2016-12-01

Conclusiones: Es necesario el aprendizaje de los profesionales sobre planificación anticipada de decisiones, su entrenamiento en habilidades comunicativas y su educación afectiva. Los gestores sanitarios han de tener en cuenta el hecho de que las intervenciones para planificar anticipadamente decisiones sanitarias precisan formación, tiempo y atención continuada. En tanto no acontezca un cambio cultural, persistirá un modelo evasivo para afrontar el final de la vida.

Authentication of Nursing 2: Reflective Processes in Nursing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Kristian; Cox, Helen

This material has been reproduced and communicated on behalf of Deakin University pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968. It is studymaterials produced for HNN706, Authentication of Nursing 2: Reflective Processes in Nursing, which is one of the units offered by the School of Nursing...

The Potential of Self-reflection in the Learning Process of Collaborative negotiation Skills

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Canal, Margarita

In her doctoral thesis, Margarita Canal explores the value of self-reflection to facilitate the learning process of collaborative negotiation skills as well as how self-reflection as a mental capacity functions. She draws on theories of self-reflection from the higher and management education...... that reflection makes learning evident to both teachers and students. Moreover, the research sheds light on the understanding of reflection as a mental capacity, based on the conceptualization of the six psychic characteristics connected to it, namely: 1) making contact with oneself, 2) connecting to others, 3......) reality perspective, 4) understanding and expressing emotions, 5) balanced narcissism, and 6) change process. This knowledge constitutes a contribution that allows management teachers who use journaling, self-reflection, or learning portfolios to take into account students’ psychic characteristics...

Modelos de decisiones en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas de Nariño

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Diego Andrés Muñoz

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones de los agricultores en sus fincas, influyen directa o indirectamente sobre la cobertura arbórea que afectan su estructura, densidad y composición. El presente estudio se desarrolló en los municipios de Guachucal y Cumbal, departamento de Nariño, Colombia con el propósito de identificar los criterios y decisiones claves que toman los agricultores, en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas productoras de leche. Las decisiones, fueron modeladas y simuladas en el programa Netica 2.6. Con las respuestas obtenidas se diseñaron modelos generales de decisión, donde se obtuvo cuatro eventos principales y de mayor influencia en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea, 1 evento poda, 2 evento control de maleza, 3 evento siembra de árboles y 4 evento aprovechamiento de árboles. Las frecuencias, permitieron estimar la probabilidad de cada decisión e influencia de las variables con respecto a los eventos para su modelación y simulación. Además, para profundizar sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones se plantearon escenarios relacionados con las condiciones agroecológicas de la finca, el manejo de la unidad productiva y el entorno en el que opera la finca. Así mismo se analizaron las principales limitantes para el manejo y establecimiento de la cobertura arbórea. El evento de mayor importancia para el manejo de la cobertura arbórea es la poda, debido a su valor en la obtención de leña como combustible, este factor influye en la zona para que las cobertura arbóreas se incrementen como cercas vivas.

Análisis de decisiones de inversión utilizando el criterio valor presente neto en riesgo (VPN en riesgo

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Diego Fernando Manotas Duque

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas de inversión son actividades cruciales para el desarrollo de una organización. Los proyectos de inversión se encuentran expuestos a diversos tipos de riesgo: financiero, político, de mercado, entre otros. Aunque se pueden mencionar varios tipos de metodologías de medición que intentan incluir el riesgo en la valoración de proyectos, la mayoría de ellas tiene falencias, que en todo caso pueden ser abordadas para dar lugar a mejores indicadores de bondad económica y financiera. El presente trabajo aborda el problema de valoración económica de proyectos, y en particular, los problemas del indicador de utilidad económica, Valor Presente Neto (VPN cuando se calcula sobre un único escenario estático del proyecto. Mediante una combinación del cálculo del costo promedio ponderado de capital (CPPC -Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC- y el uso de métodos de valoración de riesgo que tienen en cuenta la relación entre riesgo- retorno esperado, el resultado principal que se obtiene en este trabajo es un método de evaluación de proyectos, con aplicación principalmente en decisiones estratégicas del sector real, que incluye explícitamente la valoración del riesgo inherente a tales decisiones. Para ilustrar el criterio propuesto, se presentan dos casos de aplicación, el primero sobre selección de tecnología y el segundo sobre decisiones de renovación de cultivos de caña de azúcar.

La toma de decisiones en los sistemas de autoayuda y asesoramiento vocacional (SAV-R y SAVI-2000) : propuesta y validación de un modelo de decisión vocacional

OpenAIRE

López González, María Luisa

2004-01-01

La Tesis se presenta estructurada en dos partes. La primera, Fundamentación teórica de la toma de decisiones, aborda la conducta y asesoramiento vocacional, la toma de decisiones y el adolescente como sujeto decisor, La segunda, Experimental /Aplicada, se plantea a través de cinco Estudios:El Estudio 1: Indicadores relevantes para la toma de decisiones vocacionales en el SAV-R depura los indicadores vocacionales que han mostrado su efectividad, desde los datos de la investigación realizada co...

Información en el proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas en las empresas colombianas del grupo empresarial ISA

OpenAIRE

Montoya López, Jorge Eduardo

2005-01-01

113 p. En el proyecto de investigación se realizó inicialmente una exploración de las bases teóricas y empíricas del uso de la información en la toma de decisiones estratégicas, luego se indagó sobre el uso de la información en las decisiones estratégicas efectuadas recientemente en las empresas colombianas del grupo empresarial ISA, enfocándose en determinar la información utilizada desde un medio electrónico y concluyendo acerca de las reales posibilidades del apoyo de los sistemas de in...

La inteligencia de negocio como apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el ámbito académico (Business Intelligence as decision support system in academic environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yusnier Reyes Dixson

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Spanish abstract. Las organizaciones competitivas han establecido sistemas de inteligencia de negocio para proporcionar a sus trabajadores herramientas que les ayuden en la toma de decisiones (Guitart y Conesa, 2014. El acertado flujo y gestión de datos e información es vital para un acertado proceso de toma de decisiones. Esta táctica trasladada al ámbito universitario significa proporcionar a profesores y directivos sistemas que apoyen la toma de decisiones en su actividad docente (Guitart y Conesa, 2014. A pesar de las ventajas que ha propiciado el uso de estos sistemas y de las dificultades detectadas con el tratamiento y la forma en que se utilizan los datos para dar soporte a las decisiones en el ámbito académico universitario, no se ha evidenciado un uso sistemático de los mismos. Debido al aumento del volumen de los datos almacenados, los profesores y directivos se enfrentan a un ambiente de incertidumbre y complejidad crecientes. Generalmente no se cuenta con las herramientas necesarias para manipular estos datos y convertirlos en información valiosa. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un sistema basado en inteligencia de negocios que permita capturar, almacenar, procesar, analizar y mostrar de manera eficiente, los datos generados en el proceso de formación. La propuesta fue utilizada con datos reales del primer año de una facultad de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas en los cursos 2012-2013, 2013-2014 y del primer semestre del curso 2014-2015 a partir de lo cual se obtuvo información útil para la toma de decisiones. Por último se propuso un conjunto de elementos organizativos para la correcta utilización del sistema. English abstract. Competitive organizations have established business intelligence systems to provide their workers with tools to help them in decision-making (Guitart and Conesa, 2014. The successful flow and management of data and information is vital for a successful decision

Using Self-Reflection To Increase Science Process Skills in the General Chemistry Laboratory

Science.gov (United States)

Veal, William R.; Taylor, Dawne; Rogers, Amy L.

2009-03-01

Self-reflection is a tool of instruction that has been used in the science classroom. Research has shown great promise in using video as a learning tool in the classroom. However, the integration of self-reflective practice using video in the general chemistry laboratory to help students develop process skills has not been done. Immediate video feedback and direct instruction were employed in a general chemistry laboratory course to improve students' mastery and understanding of basic and advanced process skills. Qualitative results and statistical analysis of quantitative data proved that self-reflection significantly helped students develop basic and advanced process skills, yet did not seem to influence the general understanding of the science content.

Sobre la toma de decisiones económicas bajo incertidumbre

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Aurora García Gallego

2012-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo resumimos la evolución de la Teoría Económica sobre la toma de decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Tras una breve introducción a la teoría de la Utilidad Esperada, nos referimos a comportamientos paradójicos que obligaron a los economistas a adoptar teorías menos simplistas que permitieran explicar un mayor abanico de fenómenos. La mayor complejidad conlleva una descripción multidimensional de las actitudes humanas frente al riesgo económico. Sin embargo, las mediciones de la actitud frente al riesgo utilizadas por los economistas continúan siendo, en su mayoría, unidimensionales.

Reflective processes and competencies involved in teaching practice at university: a case study

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Caetano da Costa

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Founded on practical rationality, this qualitative case study aimed to explore the teaching practice at university, focusing on teacher's reflections and competencies. To this end, teaching practices were described, analyzed, and interpreted. These interactions with students on a course in the pharmacy program, brought about situations involving dilemmas and learning opportunities for problem-solving and decision-making skills. Throughout the study, students were encouraged to use knowledge-in-action, reflection-in-action, and reflection-on-action, and these processes were also experienced by the teacher. Analysis of the records from classroom observation and the interviews with students and the teacher showed the fundamental role of such reflective processes, which led to attainment of the intended objectives. In this sense, the teacher's reflective practice was essential for supporting the application of each curricular component of the course.

Broadband Reflective Coating Process for Large FUVOIR Mirrors, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — ZeCoat Corporation will develop and demonstrate a set of revolutionary coating processes for making broadband reflective coatings suitable for very large mirrors (4+...

Impulsive and reflective processes related to alcohol use in young adolescents

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pieters, S.; Burk, W.J.; Vorst, H.V.D.; Engels, R.C.; Wiers, R.W.

2014-01-01

Background: Dual process models suggest that the development of addictive behaviors is the result of interplay between impulsive and reflective processes, modulated by boundary conditions such as individual or situational factors. Empirical support for this model has been repeatedly demonstrated in

Perceptual weights for loudness reflect central spectral processing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Joshi, Suyash Narendra; Jesteadt, Walt

2011-01-01

Weighting patterns for loudness obtained using the reverse correlation method are thought to reveal the relative contributions of different frequency regions to total loudness, the equivalent of specific loudness. Current models of loudness assume that specific loudness is determined by peripheral...... processes such as compression and masking. Here we test this hypothesis using 20-tone harmonic complexes (200Hz f0, 200 to 4000Hz, 250 ms, 65 dB/Component) added in opposite phase relationships (Schroeder positive and negative). Due to the varying degree of envelope modulations, these time-reversed harmonic...... processes and reflect a central frequency weighting template....

La religión en las decisiones sobre aborto no punible en la Argentina

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María Gabriela Irrazábal

2015-11-01

Full Text Available En este artículo trabajaremos sobre la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética en comités de hospitales públicos y su intervención en casos de solicitud de acceso al aborto legal. En primer lugar realizaremos una descripción general del contexto de los casos de aborto no punible en la Argentina, resaltando que en la mayoría de los casos las creencias religiosas de los expertos suelen influir y condicionar las decisiones de las mujeres. Luego, pondremos el foco en la discusión dentro de un comité sobre un caso particular, el de una joven discapacitada que solicitó un aborto luego de un abuso sexual y que luego de atravesar un largo camino de judicialización y evaluaciones de comités de expertos, no logró interrumpir su embarazo. Este caso ilustra cómo las creencias religiosas influencian la toma de decisiones en el área de la salud pública y cómo se consolida la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética como una estrategia para influenciar los espacios públicos de la Iglesia Católica en la Argentina.

ALGUNAS HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE INVERSIÓN EN PROYECTOS DE ALTO RIESGO

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Julio Villarreal

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un posible aplicación metodológica para la toma de decisiones de inversión en proyectos de alto riesgo como las que típicamente son apoyados por los llamados fondos de capital de riesgo. El objetivo final es mostrar como es posible a través de esta metodología, reducir las asimetrías de información típicas en la relación entre inversionistas de riesgo (accionistas de capital y gestores de proyectos (accionistas industriales. La metodología propuesta se aplica a un plan de negocios real, pero de igual manera se puede aplicar a otros proyectos riesgosos, y muestra cómo una adecuada estructuración de un proceso de decisión, usando los modelos y herramientas adecuadas puede ser muy útil tanto en decisiones de fondos de inversión como en la estructuración de procesos de evaluación de alternativas de decisión estratégicas en las que el riesgo hace inapropiado el tradicional análisis determinístico.

Decisiones al final de la vida en México

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Edith González Moreno

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo aborda el tema de las decisiones al final de la vida en México (incluyendo el tema de la muerte medi - camente asistida. 2 Las reflexiones parten de algunos indicadores nacionales de mortalidad en nuestro país, donde el fenómeno de muerte en hospitales está apenas siendo igualado al número de muertes que venían ocurriendo fuera de ellos. Por lo anterior y a diferencia de otros países, el foco de atención en las cuestiones relacionadas con el final de la vida no deberá centrarse exclusivamente en el ámbito hospitalario. También se presentan algunos argumentos internacionales, elementos de la legislación vigente, así como la influencia de los paternalismos médico y jurídico en México.

The influence of gene expression profiling on decisional conflict in decision making for early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy.

Science.gov (United States)

MacDonald, Karen V; Bombard, Yvonne; Deal, Ken; Trudeau, Maureen; Leighl, Natasha; Marshall, Deborah A

2016-07-01

Women with early-stage breast cancer, of whom only 15% will experience a recurrence, are often conflicted or uncertain about taking chemotherapy. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of tumours informs risk prediction, potentially affecting treatment decisions. We examined whether receiving a GEP test score reduces decisional conflict in chemotherapy treatment decision making. A general population sample of 200 women completed the decisional conflict scale (DCS) at baseline (no GEP test score scenario) and after (scenario with GEP test score added) completing a discrete choice experiment survey for early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy. We scaled the 16-item DCS total scores and subscores from 0 to 100 and calculated means, standard deviations and change in scores, with significance (p change their chemotherapy decision after receiving GEP testing information. Total score and all subscores (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision) decreased significantly in the respondent subgroup who were unsure about taking chemotherapy initially but changed to no chemotherapy (n =33). In the subgroup of respondents (n = 25) who chose chemotherapy initially but changed to unsure, effective decision subscore increased significantly. In the overall sample, changes in total and all subscores were non-significant. GEP testing adds value for women initially unsure about chemotherapy treatment with a decrease in decisional conflict. However, for women who are confident about their treatment decisions, GEP testing may not add value. Decisions to request GEP testing should be personalised based on patient preferences. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EL USO DE TÉCNICAS DE CONTABILIDAD GERENCIAL EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE LAS PYMES DE LA GRAN AREA METROPOLITANA DE COSTA RICA

OpenAIRE

VALVERDE RAMÍREZ, LUIS

2014-01-01

Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) de Costa Rica juegan un papel fundamental en la generación de empleo y el desarrollo del país. Aunque constantemente deben tomar decisiones relacionadas con precios, costos, inversiones y nuevos negocios, con frecuencia desconocen las técnicas de Contabilidad Gerencial disponibles para esos fines. La mayoría de estas técnicas son prácticas, sencillas y económicas. A pesar de esto, su uso por parte de las Pymes es muy escaso. Con frecuencia, decisiones ...

Decisional needs assessment regarding Down syndrome prenatal testing: a systematic review of the perceptions of women, their partners and health professionals.

Science.gov (United States)

St-Jacques, Sylvie; Grenier, Sonya; Charland, Marc; Forest, Jean-Claude; Rousseau, François; Légaré, France

2008-12-01

To identify decisional needs of women, their partners and health professionals regarding prenatal testing for Down syndrome through a systematic review. Articles reporting original data from real clinical situations on sources of difficulty and/or ease in making decisions regarding prenatal testing for Down syndrome were selected. Data were extracted using a taxonomy adapted from the Ottawa Decision-Support Framework and the quality of the studies was assessed using Qualsyst validated tools. In all 40 publications covering 32 unique studies were included. The majority concerned women. The most often reported sources of difficulty for decision-making in women were pressure from others, emotions and lack of information; in partners, emotion; in health professionals, lack of information, length of consultation, and personal values. The most important sources of ease were, in women, personal values, understanding and confidence in the medical system; in partners, personal values, information from external sources, and income; in health professionals, peer support and scientific meetings. Interventions regarding a decision about prenatal testing for Down syndrome should address many decisional needs, which may indeed vary among the parties involved, whether women, their partners or health professionals. Very little is known about the decisional needs of partners and health professionals.

El entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el tenis: ¿qué fundamentos científicos se pueden aplicar en los programas de entrenamiento?

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Jo\\u00E3o Carvalho

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de los estudios que se han realizado en el ámbito de la toma de decisiones en el deporte, y en particular en el tenis. Presentamos los constructos teóricos que fundamentan los distintos enfoques, los procedimientos metodológicos más utilizados y sus principales limitaciones, evidenciando la necesidad de la práctica basada en evidencias científicas en el rendimiento experto de los jugadores de alto nivel. Sobre la base de los principios teóricos de la dinámica ecológica, sugerimos una nueva propuesta de entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el tenis basada en la manipulación de constreñimientos. Para finalizar indicamos algunas sugerencias metodológicas a tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones en el área del entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el deporte.

La habitabilidad de la vivienda de interés social en Colombia. Un enfoque en los procesos y las decisiones

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Luis Fernando Fique Pinto

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Alrededor de una reflexión acerca del proceso de deterioro que ha venido presentando la vivienda de interés social (V.I.S. producida en el marco de la política pública en vivienda vigente en Colombia a partir de la década de 1990, el artículo esboza un planteamiento elaborado en reciente estudio por el autor. Allí propone ampliar el usual enfoque disciplinario de la arquitectura y el urbanismo acerca de los problemas sectoriales - reiteradamente centrado en los productos- virando la mirada hacia los procesos en los que estos productos (la vivienda y su entorno se configuran con las decisiones tomadas. En ellos se resuelve -con exclusiones e inequidades- la confrontación inherente a los procesos, entre actores con motivaciones diversas. El examen e interpretación de estos procesos, de las motivaciones de los actores y de las decisiones tomadas -especialmente en la fase de formulación de las políticas públicaspermite elaborar una interpretación de la situación del sector V.I.S. que muestra la ausencia de procesos sociales amplios e incluyentes en la toma de las decisiones públicas y, al respecto, conduce a plantear la necesidad de reconfigurar la inserción profesional en ellos.

The legacy of Tom Andersen: The ethics of reflecting processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Gehart, Diane R

2018-03-08

Tom Andersen and his pioneering work with reflecting conservations has had a lasting influence on the field of family therapy and mental health more broadly. Most family therapists are familiar with his contributions related to reflecting teams; however, fewer are familiar with his conceptualization of reflecting processes, which offer practical ways to approach therapeutic conversations to address challenging problems. This article provides a brief history of Andersen's career and reviews four key elements of his approach, including: (a) his way of being in relationship, (b) appropriately unusual comments, (c) inner and outer dialogs, and (d) ethics of dialogical relating. Finally, this article introduces readers to the context of the video that will be analyzed in the articles that follow in this special section. © 2018 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.

Validación inicial de un instrumento de análisis del apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas

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Claudia Bustamante

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El apoyo a la toma de decisiones en salud facilita el automanejo de personas con enfermedades crónicas (EC. Ob- jetivo: validar la versión en español del DSAT-cdm: herramienta de análisis del apoyo en las decisiones para el manejo de EC, desa- rrollada por Stacey (2006. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo que aplica un proceso sistemático que considera, entre otros: traducción-contratraducción, desarrollo de escenarios de simulación, entrenamiento de evaluadores, entrenamiento pacientes simulados y capacitación para participantes. Muestra: 15 profesionales y 2 jueces, obteniéndose 60 DSAT-cdm versión español aplicado (pre y pos capacitación. Resultados: el instrumento presentó confiabilidad aceptable en la aplicación entre-jueces y detectó la mejora en la calidad del apoyo a la toma de decisiones en los profesionales. Sin embargo, no se obtuvieron resultados que aportaran a la validez de criterio concurrente. Conclusiones: este estudio es la primera evaluación del DSAT-cdm en idioma español, el resultado principal indica que se detecta un cambio en el desempeño de profesionales para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones de sus pacientes y, a pesar estos hallazgos favorables, es necesario seguir evaluando el instrumento.

Holistic Processing of Faces: Perceptual and Decisional Components

Science.gov (United States)

Richler, Jennifer J.; Gauthier, Isabel; Wenger, Michael J.; Palmeri, Thomas J.

2008-01-01

Researchers have used several composite face paradigms to assess holistic processing of faces. In the selective attention paradigm, participants decide whether one face part (e.g., top) is the same as a previously seen face part. Their judgment is affected by whether the irrelevant part of the test face is the same as or different than the…

The OHS consultant as a 'political reflective navigator' in technological change processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Broberg, Ole

2004-01-01

between different roles and mobilize different types of knowledge depending on the context; the consultant is a navigator in the sense of knowing how to navigate in the complex organization surrounding the technological change process. The competencies of a political reflective navigator are outlined...... of OHS consultants is placed on the line between an expert and a process consultant. Based on evidence from the cases and on the concepts of actor-network theory on technological development, we suggest a supplementary third role, that of the 'political reflective navigator', where the OHS consultant...... is an 'actor' who pursues a work environment agenda in a complex network in which other actors pursue other agendas such as productivity, economics, quality, etc. The consultant is political in the sense of pursuing a work environment agenda; the consultant is reflective in the sense of being able to switch...

Validation of a Short Form of the Greek Version of the Decisional Balance Scale in the Exercise Domain. (Validación de la Versión Griega de la Escala Abreviada de Equilibrio Decisional en el Campo del Ejercicio Físico.

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Konstantinos Karteroliotis

2008-04-01

Full Text Available AbstractAlthough the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS for exercise has been established to have sound psychometric properties, the factorial structure of this instrument has not been examined in other European countries. The purpose of this study was to test a short version of the decisional balance scale for exercise in Greek adults. The DBS was administered to 158 (61.2% women and 100 (38.8% men. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a positive (pros factor and a negative (cons factor. The results from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure was the best fit for the DBS when it was used with Greek adults. The alpha coefficients were .84 for the positive factor and .81 for the negative factor. The findings are similar to those of the English original, and suggest that the revised DBS can be used in exercise and activity research with Greek adults. However, to expand the usefulness of this instrument across cultures, the DBS should continue to be tested with other Greek populations and settings.Resumen La escala del equilibrio decisional (DBS presenta unas sólidas propiedades psicométricas, no obstante la estructura factorial de dicho instrumento no se ha examinado en otros países europeos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar una versión corta de la escala decisional sobre ejercicio a una muestra de adultos griegos. La DBS revisada se administró a 158 (61.2% participantes mujeres y 100 (38.8% hombres. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró la presencia de dos factores, uno positivo (los pros y uno negativo (los contras. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron que la mejor solución factorial para la versión griega de la escala DBS se componía de una doble estructura. Los coeficientes alpha fueron de .84 para el factor positivo y de .81 para el factor negativo. Los hallazgos de este estudio fueron similares a los de la versión original, indicando que la revisada DBS es adecuada

The determinants of medical technology adoption in different decisional systems: A systematic literature review.

Science.gov (United States)

Varabyova, Yauheniya; Blankart, Carl Rudolf; Greer, Ann Lennarson; Schreyögg, Jonas

2017-03-01

Studies of determinants of adoption of new medical technology have failed to coalesce into coherent knowledge. A flaw obscuring strong patterns may be a common habit of treating a wide range of health care innovations as a generic technology. We postulate three decisional systems that apply to different medical technologies with distinctive expertise, interest, and authority: medical-individualistic, fiscal-managerial, and strategic-institutional decisional systems. This review aims to examine the determinants of the adoption of medical technologies based on the corresponding decision-making system. We included quantitative and qualitative studies that analyzed factors facilitating or inhibiting the adoption of medical technologies. In total, 65 studies published between 1974 and 2014 met our inclusion criteria. These studies contained 688 occurrences of variables that were used to examine the adoption decisions, and we subsequently condensed these variables to 62 determinants in four main categories: organizational, individual, environmental, and innovation-related. The determinants and their empirical association with adoption were grouped and analyzed by the three decision-making systems. Although we did not identify substantial differences across the decision-making systems in terms of the direction of the determinants' influence on adoption, a clear pattern emerged in terms of the categories of determinants that were targeted in different decision-making systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El sistema de control interno como instrumento de gestión para la adecuada toma de decisiones en la empresa servicentro primavera srl. 2015 - 2016

OpenAIRE

Choez Machuca, Wilber Lebfred

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo tubo como problema de investigación conocer de qué manera el Sistema de Control Interno incide en una adecuada toma de decisiones en la empresa Servicentro Primavera SRL y el objetivo planteado fue: Conocer cómo incide el sistema de control interno en la adecuada toma de decisiones en Servicentro Primavera SRL., para lo cual se identificó el sistema de control interno actual en la empresa, es decir se revisó las políticas, prácticas, procedimientos en el proceso contable p...

Evaluación Psicológica de la Toma de Decisiones Éticas de Riesgo en Entorno Organizacional: Revisión Teórica

OpenAIRE

Díaz Muelle, José Simón; Molano Ramírez, María Alejandra

2014-01-01

Este trabajo de investigación explora el proceso de toma de decisiones fundamentado desde la perspectiva psicológica. El campo de interés está centrado en la toma de decisiones éticas a nivel organizacional y las consecuencias que las zonas grises o las conductas de riesgo repercuten en las dinámicas económicas y sociales. Con base en el análisis de los escándalos financieros más importantes de Europa, Estados Unidos y Colombia, y la literatura ofrecida por las ciencias sociales, la ética y l...

Concordancia y utilidad de un sistema de estratificación para la toma de decisiones clínicas

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Ana Isabel González González

2017-04-01

Conclusión: La fuerza de concordancia obtenida fue moderada/buena; la incorporación de un agrupador en la HCE puede servir de ayuda como recordatorio para una toma de decisiones más proactiva/integrada según las necesidades sociosanitarias de las personas con enfermedades crónicas.

Improving design processes through structured reflection : a prototype software tool

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reymen, I.M.M.J.; Melby, E.

2001-01-01

A prototype software tool facilitating the use of a design method supporting structured reflection on design processes is presented. The prototype, called Echo, has been developed to explore the benefits of using a software system to facilitate the use of the design method. Both the prototype

[The ethical reflection approach in decision-making processes in health institutes].

Science.gov (United States)

Gruat, Renaud

2015-12-01

Except in the specific case of end-of-life care, the law says nothing about the way in which health professionals must carry out ethical reflection regarding the treatment of their patients. A problem-solving methodology called the "ethical reflection approach" performed over several stages can be used. The decision-making process involves the whole team and draws on the ability of each caregiver to put forward a reasoned argument, in the interest of the patient. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Asesoría en la toma de decisiones frente al aborto

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Vanegas Blanca Cecilia

1994-11-01

Full Text Available

Uno de los dilemas éticos más frecuentes a que se ve enfrentado el profesional de salud, se presenta cuando una mujer o pareja solicita asesoría en la toma de decisiones frente al aborto provocado, como alternativa de solución al embarazo indesearlo. El artículo hace una serie de reflexiones a considerar, antes de tomar la decisión, tales como: la gravedad del problema, el drama de la mujer, aspectos religiosos, éticos y consecuencias en el hijo indeseado. Finalmente, propone una serie de pasos que guían al profesional de salud para ofrecer la asesoría y reflexiones sobre su participación en medidas preventivas.

Depoliticization and Criminalization of Social Protest through Economic Decisionism: the Colombian Case

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María Carolina Olarte

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article argues that current manifestations of criminalization of protest in contexts rich in natural resources can be inscribed in a wider economic context that contributes to the neutralization of political claims to land, natural resources and self-determination. The first part suggests a view of the tendency to criminalize protests as underpinned by a biopolitical immunization of economic decisions from political contestation. By effecting a normative, impassable disjuncture between what is considered juridical-political and what is considered economic, a biopolitical articulation appears in order to functionally present economic decisions as technical and necessary, and consequently, non-political. The second part of the article presents a preliminary approach to the current configuration of criminalization of protests in Colombia. I argue that recent initiatives to criminalize protests exemplify the manner in which physical violence, whether realized or implied, is playing an important role in the legitimization, foundation, and operation of a new property regime characterized by a de facto land reform, a selective enforcement of property rights and an increasing shielding of economic decisions - concerning natural resources exploitation - from political debate. Este artículo sostiene que las actuales formas de criminalización de la protesta social en contextos de riqueza en recursos naturales, pueden estar inscritas dentro de un contexto más amplio, que contribuye a la neutralización de las luchas en torno a la tierra, los recursos naturales y la autodeterminación. La primera parte presenta una perspectiva de la tendencia a la criminalización de la protesta, justificada como un medio eficiente de inmunización biopolítica de las decisiones económicas y de la confrontación política. Al producir un desentendimiento entre lo que se considera jurídico-político y lo que se considera económico, aparece una articulación biopol

How Do Pre-Service Teachers' Reflective Processes Differ in Relation to Different Contexts?

Science.gov (United States)

Kaasila, Raimo; Lauriala, Anneli

2012-01-01

Reflective practice represents a central theme in teacher education. The focus of this study is to look at pre-service teachers' reflection processes and their breadth and depth in four different contexts. Our research data consist of 53 pre-service teachers' mathematics portfolios, from which three were selected for closer scrutiny. The chosen…

Lógica en la toma de decisiones de inversión en el sector de extracción de petróleo y gas natural

OpenAIRE

Mendieta Serna, Diego Andres

2015-01-01

Este documento se centra en la presentación de información y análisis de la misma a la hora de establecer la manera en que empresas del sector de extracción de gas natural y generación de energía a base de dicho recurso, toman decisiones en cuanto a inversión, centrándose en la lógica que usan a la hora de emprender este proceso. Esto debido a la constante necesidad de establecer procesos que permitan tomar decisiones más acertadas, incluyendo todas las herramientas posibles para tal fin. ...

Factores que interfieren en la toma de decisiones de los contadores gerenciales o controllers de los hoteles: Un estudio en el sector hotelero de Florianópolis, Brasil

OpenAIRE

de Freitas, Claudio Luiz; Lunkes, Rogério João

2011-01-01

En los últimos años surgieron diversos trabajos que exploran el rol del contador gerencial o controller en las organizaciones, principalmente en temas relacionados con las actividades y su participación en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Estos estudios identificaron las actividades, y los factores organizacionales y personales relacionados con el grado de compromiso en la toma de decisiones. En este sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los aspectos organizacional...

la influencia de la felicidad en las decisiones de inversión de activos de largo plazo para una muestra de siete gerentes financieros en la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2016.

OpenAIRE

Poveda Achury, Juan Camilo

2016-01-01

El presente artículo contribuye con la investigación de las Finanzas Corporativas del Comportamiento, rama de las finanzas corporativas que considera que el individuo que toma decisiones financieras no es completamente racional y que por hecho existen sesgos psicológicos que influyen en sus decisiones. Este documento se enfoca, desde el punto de vista conceptual y también mediante el análisis de un estudio de campo, en la influencia de la felicidad en las decisiones de inversión en activos de...

La Inteligencia Artificial aplicada a la toma de decisiones en la Empresa de Internet

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Mª Carmen Lozano Gutiérrez

2004-09-01

Full Text Available En el presente documento de trabajo se presenta una aplicación de una metodología basada en distintas técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (redes neuronales, lógica difusa, así como técnicas bio-inspiradas basadas en el comportamiento de las hormigas al proceso de toma de decisiones de la empresa en red, para la consecución de un objetivo concreto como es el de lograr la maximización de los enlaces recorridos así como el logro de una óptima usabilidad del sitio.

The applicability of the decisional conflict scale in nursing home placement decision among Chinese family caregivers: A mixed methods approach

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Yu-Ping Chang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to 1 examine relationships between uncertainty, perceived information, personal values, social support, and filial obligation among Chinese family caregivers faced with nursing home placement of an older adult family member with dementia; and 2 describe the applicability of the Decisional Conflict Scale in nursing home placement decision making among Chinese family caregivers through the integration of quantitative and qualitative data. We used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptive and correlational statistics. We utilized a thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Data transformation and data comparison techniques were used to combine qualitative and quantitative data. Thirty Chinese family caregivers living in Taiwan caring for an older adult with dementia participated in this study. We found a significant association among the quantitative findings, which indicated that perceived information, personal values, social support, and filial obligation, and nursing home placement decisional conflict. Mixed-method data analysis additionally revealed that conflicting differences existed between the traditional role of Chinese family collective decision making and the contemporary role of single family member surrogate decision making. Although the Decisional Conflict Scale can be utilized when exploring nursing home placement for an older adult with dementia among Chinese family caregivers, applicability issues existed regarding cultural beliefs and values related to filial piety and family collectivism. Findings strongly support the need for researchers to consider cultural beliefs and values when selecting tools that assess health-related decision making across cultures. Further research is needed to explore the role culture plays in nursing home decision making.

A comparison of face to face and group education on informed choice and decisional conflict of pregnant women about screening tests of fetal abnormalities

Science.gov (United States)

Kordi, Masoumeh; Riyazi, Sahar; Lotfalizade, Marziyeh; Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi; Suny, Hoseyn Jafari

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: Screening of fetal anomalies is assumed as a necessary measurement in antenatal cares. The screening plans aim at empowerment of individuals to make the informed choice. This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of group and face-to-face education and decisional conflicts among the pregnant females regarding screening of fetal abnormalities. METHODS: This study of the clinical trial was carried out on 240 pregnant women at education course were held in two weekly sessions for intervention groups during two consecutive weeks, and the usual care was conducted for the control group. The rate of informed choice and decisional conflict was measured in pregnant women before education and also at weeks 20–22 of pregnancy in three groups. The data analysis was executed using SPSS statistical software (version 16), and statistical tests were implemented including Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Mann–Whitney U-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Tukey's range test. The P education group, 64 members (80%) in group education class, and 20 persons (25%) in control group had the informed choice regarding screening tests, but there was no statistically significant difference between two individual and group education classes. Similarly, during the postintervention phase, there was a statistically significant difference in mean score of decisional conflict scale among pregnant women regarding screening tests in three groups (P = 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: With respect to effectiveness of group and face-to-face education methods in increasing the informed choice and reduced decisional conflict in pregnant women regarding screening tests, each of these education methods may be employed according to the clinical environment conditions and requirement to encourage the women for conducting the screening tests. PMID:29417066

Using a critical reflection process to create an effective learning community in the workplace.

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, Rachel; Cooke, Marie; Henderson, Amanda; Creedy, Debra K

2013-05-01

Learning circles are an enabling process to critically examine and reflect on practices with the purpose of promoting individual and organizational growth and change. The authors adapted and developed a learning circle strategy to facilitate open discourse between registered nurses, clinical leaders, clinical facilitators and students, to critically reflect on practice experiences to promote a positive learning environment. This paper reports on an analysis of field notes taken during a critical reflection process used to create an effective learning community in the workplace. A total of 19 learning circles were conducted during in-service periods (that is, the time allocated for professional education between morning and afternoon shifts) over a 3 month period with 56 nurses, 33 students and 1 university-employed clinical supervisor. Participation rates ranged from 3 to 12 individuals per discussion. Ten themes emerged from content analysis of the clinical learning issues identified through the four-step model of critical reflection used in learning circle discussions. The four-step model of critical reflection allowed participants to reflect on clinical learning issues, and raise them in a safe environment that enabled topics to be challenged and explored in a shared and cooperative manner. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chronic procrastination among Turkish adults: exploring decisional, avoidant, and arousal styles.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrari, Joseph R; Ozer, Bilge Uzun; Demir, Ayhan

2009-06-01

The authors examined the prevalence of chronic procrastination (decisional, avoidant, and arousal styles) as functions of demographic variables among 354 Turkish adults (148 men, 206 women; M age = 38.7 years, SD = 8.26 years). Prevalence analyses showed that among Turkish participants, 17.5% were indecisive procrastinators, 13.8% were avoidant procrastinators, and 14.7% were arousal procrastinators. Results did not yield significant differences for gender or age on any forms of procrastination, which is consistent with other international samples. However, significant differences emerged depending on the number of children such that Turkish adults who had more than 3 children claimed to be more indecisive than they claimed to be arousal or avoidant procrastinators. Respondents with less than a graduate degree reported higher rates of indecision than did respondents with at least a graduate degree.

Generación de trayectorias y toma de decisiones para uavs

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Gonzalo Pajares

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La generación de trayectorias y la replanificación de las mismas en entornos hostiles para UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles es una disciplina en auge. Los entornos hostiles se caracterizan por la presencia de amenazas, modeladas aquí como radares. Inicialmente se planifica una ruta. Si en vuelo surgen nuevas amenazas, la ruta inicial se replanifica. En ambos casos las rutas se obtienen mediante el algoritmo A*. Ante una replanificación el UAV toma una decisión sobre si continuar por la ruta inicial o por la replanificada. La teoría de la decisión multiatributo proporciona en este caso el mecanismo adecuado. Palabras clave: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, plan de vuelo, replanificación, toma de decisiones, teoría de la utilidad, amenazas, riesgo

Sistema integrado para toma de decisiones en el diseño de estructuras de hormigón

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Armengou, J.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a methodology to analyze decisions in the design of concrete structures. Specifically, we propose a multi-criteria approach to assess the value implications of precast concrete technologies versus in-situ concrete solutions. First, we emphasize the importance of careful decision-making in early stages of construction projects to enhance customer value. Second, we present a decisionmaking methodology that uses fuzzy logic to represent and synthesize information about risk-return tradeoffs in the different kinds of variables involved in the evaluation of a project’s value. To illustrate, we use our methodology to analyze precast vs. in-situ solutions in the design of drainage structures. The results of our analysis point at precast solutions as the most desirable design choice in this setting, and highlight the importance of value analysis in early stages of construction projects.

El presente artículo hace una breve reflexión sobre las alternativas in situ y prefabricadas para estructuras de hormigón, justificando la necesidad de profundizar en métodos multicriterio como ayuda a la toma de decisiones. Manifiesta la trascendencia de la calidad en las decisiones más allá de este ámbito concreto, así como su influencia en la mayor eficiencia de las obras. Presenta luego un sistema de ayuda a la toma de decisiones basado en matemática difusa, que considera el valor de cada alternativa contemplando el riesgo inherente. Para ilustrarlo desarrolla un ejemplo aplicado a pasos inferiores que pueden resolverse mediante prefabricación o in situ. Efectuándolo por completo, llega a dos conclusiones principales: la bondad de la herramienta presentada y cómo la solución prefabricada, en este caso, aporta mayor valor. Concluye también que todo buen gestor debe plantearse su toma de decisión desde los inicios de cualquier proyecto, empleando herramientas como la presentada.

Efecto del tipo de colocación en el comportamiento visual y la toma de decisiones en bloqueadores de voleibol

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Sara Vila-Maldonado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar el comportamiento visual y de la toma de decisiones de jugadores de voleibol en la acción del bloqueo, ante dos situaciones diferentes de colocación: en apoyo y en salto. La muestra estaba compuesta por siete jugadores (25,14 ± 3,98 años de edad de categoría absoluta, que participaban durante el juego en la acción del bloqueo. Todos los participantes competían en liga FEV. Se utilizó el sistema de registro de los movimientos oculares Mobile Eye de los laboratorios ASL para analizar el comportamiento visual, y el software Suberlab 4.0 para analizar la toma de decisiones. Los resultados muestran que los jugadores de voleibol usan diferentes estrategias visuales en los dos tipos de colocación analizadas; además la fijación balón-muñeca es la más repetida.

Las voluntades anticipadas y su utilización en la toma de decisiones

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Nuria Terribas Sala

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Enfrentar la muerte como final inevitable de todo ser humano es una cuestión que ha preocupado a la humanidad desde sus orígenes y ha motivado innumerable literatura en todos los tiempos. Quizás por esta razón, la actuación del profesional sanitario en el tramo final de la vida de sus pacientes se ha enmarado tradicionalmente en la toma de decisiones individuales o bien de forma conjunta con la familia del enfermo, debatiéndose entre su máxima aspiración de salvar esa vida y la aceptación del desenlace inevitable como consecuencia de la enfermedad.

Global quantitative indices reflecting provider process-of-care: data-base derivation.

Science.gov (United States)

Moran, John L; Solomon, Patricia J

2010-04-19

Controversy has attended the relationship between risk-adjusted mortality and process-of-care. There would be advantage in the establishment, at the data-base level, of global quantitative indices subsuming the diversity of process-of-care. A retrospective, cohort study of patients identified in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database, 1993-2003, at the level of geographic and ICU-level descriptors (n = 35), for both hospital survivors and non-survivors. Process-of-care indices were established by analysis of: (i) the smoothed time-hazard curve of individual patient discharge and determined by pharmaco-kinetic methods as area under the hazard-curve (AUC), reflecting the integrated experience of the discharge process, and time-to-peak-hazard (TMAX, in days), reflecting the time to maximum rate of hospital discharge; and (ii) individual patient ability to optimize output (as length-of-stay) for recorded data-base physiological inputs; estimated as a technical production-efficiency (TE, scaled [0,(maximum)1]), via the econometric technique of stochastic frontier analysis. For each descriptor, multivariate correlation-relationships between indices and summed mortality probability were determined. The data-set consisted of 223129 patients from 99 ICUs with mean (SD) age and APACHE III score of 59.2(18.9) years and 52.7(30.6) respectively; 41.7% were female and 45.7% were mechanically ventilated within the first 24 hours post-admission. For survivors, AUC was maximal in rural and for-profit ICUs, whereas TMAX (>or= 7.8 days) and TE (>or= 0.74) were maximal in tertiary-ICUs. For non-survivors, AUC was maximal in tertiary-ICUs, but TMAX (>or= 4.2 days) and TE (>or= 0.69) were maximal in for-profit ICUs. Across descriptors, significant differences in indices were demonstrated (analysis-of-variance, P variance, for survivors (0.89) and non-survivors (0.89), was maximized by combinations of indices demonstrating a low correlation with

Subjective and objective knowledge and decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls

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Riechel C

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Christina Riechel,1,* Anna Christina Alegiani,1,* Sascha Köpke,2 Jürgen Kasper,3,4 Michael Rosenkranz,1,5 Götz Thomalla,1 Christoph Heesen1,4 1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 2Nursing Research Unit, Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; 3Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; 4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 5Department of Neurology, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Risk knowledge and active role preferences are important for patient involvement in treatment decision-making and adherence. Although knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors has received considerable attention, objective knowledge on secondary prevention and further self-esteem subjective knowledge have rarely been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate knowledge and treatment decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls. Methods: We performed a survey on subjective and objective stroke risk knowledge and autonomy preferences in cerebrovascular patients from our stroke outpatient clinic (n=262 and from pedestrians on the street taken as controls during a “World Stroke Day” (n=274. The questionnaire includes measures for knowledge and decisional role preferences from previously published questionnaires and newly developed measures, for example, subjective knowledge, revealed on a visual analog scale. Results: The overall stroke knowledge was low to moderate, with no differences between patients and controls. Knowledge about secondary prevention was particularly low. Only 10%–15% of participants correctly estimated the stroke absolute risk reduction potential of aspirin. The medical data

The Role of Health Care Provider and Partner Decisional Support in Patients' Cancer Treatment Decision-Making Satisfaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer-Wackerly, Angela L; Krieger, Janice L; Rhodes, Nancy D

2017-01-01

Cancer patients rely on multiple sources of support when making treatment decisions; however, most research studies examine the influence of health care provider support while the influence of family member support is understudied. The current study fills this gap by examining the influence of health care providers and partners on decision-making satisfaction. In a cross-sectional study via an online Qualtrics panel, we surveyed cancer patients who reported that they had a spouse or romantic partner when making cancer treatment decisions (n = 479). Decisional support was measured using 5-point, single-item scales for emotional support, informational support, informational-advice support, and appraisal support. Decision-making satisfaction was measured using Holmes-Rovner and colleagues' (1996) Satisfaction With Decision Scale. We conducted a mediated regression analysis to examine treatment decision-making satisfaction for all participants and a moderated mediation analysis to examine treatment satisfaction among those patients offered a clinical trial. Results indicated that partner support significantly and partially mediated the relationship between health care provider support and patients' decision-making satisfaction but that results did not vary by enrollment in a clinical trial. This study shows how and why decisional support from partners affects communication between health care providers and cancer patients.

LA GESTIÓN DE INDICADORES EMPRESARIALES CON LÓGICA DIFUSA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

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MARTÍN DARÍO ARANGO SERNA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En las organizaciones actuales la tomade decisiones está acompañada de cierto grado deincertidumbre, lo que no permite planificar sobre resultadosciertos. En algunas ocasiones medir estosresultados también implica incertidumbre asociadacon la ambigüedad o subjetividad del instrumentoutilizado. Como solución para este problema, sepropone un sistema de medición y análisis basadoen el Balance Scorecard que incorpora técnicas delógicas difusas para disminuir la incidencia de estaincertidumbre en los procesos de toma y análisis dedecisiones.

SISTEMAS DE SOPORTE DE DECISIONES PARA LA CREACIÓN DE MODELOS NUMÉRICOS HIDRODINÁMICOS

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Fernando Toro

Full Text Available Este artículo hace una corta descripción de las fases y pasos durante el desarrollo de un modelo numérico hidrodinámico y de las características que debe tener un Sistema de Soporte de Decisiones (SSD que asista al investigador en esta actividad. El SSD maneja, integra y analiza los resultados numéricos del modelo y los datos de campo, que se han incrementado mucho debido a los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas en este ramo.

Evaluación de las Habilidades Cognoscitivas para la Toma de Decisiones: Un Estudio Comparativo entre los Estudiantes y los Profesionales de la Salud Pública-Edición Única

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Igor Martín Ramos Herrera

2007-01-01

Se presenta un estudio transeccional, correlacional y no experimental que compara las habilidades cognoscitivas para tomar decisiones de los estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias de la salud, estudiantes de posgrado en salud pública y profesores de salud pública de la Universidad de Guadalajara, así como de una parte del personal que labora en la Secretaría de Salud Jalisco. El objetivo fue comparar la capacidad para tomar decisiones en salud pública de estos cuatro grupos a ...

La disonancia cognitiva y trampa de la memoria en decisiones de Inversión: caso colombiano

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Acevedo Pulido, Camila

2016-01-01

Este documento es el resultado de una investigación bajo el enfoque de Finanzas Corporativas del Comportamiento, disciplina relevante en el mundo financiero desde el 2002 y que hasta el momento poco se ha investigado en Colombia. Esta difiere del supuesto tradicional de la racionalidad de los individuos en la toma de decisiones financieras, ya que pueden ser influenciadas por sesgos cognitivos y emocionales que la teoría ortodoxa no tiene en cuenta en sus supuestos. Esta investigación busca ...

Nivel de conocimiento de la gestión administrativa para la toma de decisiones de Instituciones Educativas Primarias Rurales de la provincia de Urubamba, región Cusco 2012

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Santiestaban, Matto Marleny

2014-01-01

La presente investigación titulada "Nivel de conocimiento de la gestión administrativa para la toma de decisiones de las instituciones educativas primarias rurales de la provincia de Urubamba, Región Cusco 2012" es un estudio que consiste en determinar la relación que existe entre las variables de gestión administrativa y toma de decisiones, relación que se ha determinado como resultado de todas las actividades metodológicas y procedimentales que se han desplegado para su realización. Esta in...

Process

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Eleanor T. Campbell

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio fue obtener una más clara comprensión del proceso de toma de decisiones en estudiantes de Enfermería que van a recibir su licenciatura, durante el cuidado de los pacientes. Se empleó un diseño descriptivo cualitativo, basado en preguntas abiertas semi-estructuradas, con el fin de recolectar información acerca de las decisiones, culturalmente diversas, tomadas por las estudiantes de Enfermería durante el cuidado de pacientes adultos, en una variedad de situaciones clínicas. Los temas que surgieron incluyen capacidad de comunicación, conocimiento, heroísmo, ansiedad y frustración. Los descubrimientos hallados indican que los estudiantes se propusieron metas en forma recíproca a todo lo largo del proceso de toma de decisiones. El autor empleó la teoría de la consecución de metas, de Imogene King, para interpretar los descubrimientos de este estudio y relacionar la teoría con la práctica. La toma de decisiones clínicas es un punto importante dentro de la educación y práctica de la Enfermería. La Facultad, entendiendo qué son los procesos de pensamiento, se anticipa con un diseño de estrategias específicas que refuerzan el razonamiento en la práctica clínica. Una parte de este proceso es ayudar a los estudiantes a salir de la dependencia que generan cuando quieren memorizar la información contenida en los textos, y hacerlos avanzar hacia la aplicación de los conceptos provenientes, tanto de las artes liberales, como de las ciencias biológicas y de Enfermería. Se trata de un especial desafío para las facultades y personal docente de Enfermería encargado de impartir educación a los estudiantes de la carrera, así como para el recién egresados de otras áreas de formación y de experiencia. Los resultados de estudios anteriores sobre toma de decisiones clínicas presentan conclusiones conflictivas e inconclusas, concernientes a determinadas consecuencias predecibles y otros factores

LOS SERVICIOS DE INTELIGENCIA EMPRESARIAL PARA EL APOYO A LAS DECISIONES SOBRE LA ORIENTACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES

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Sonallys Sáchez-Reyes

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La inteligencia empresarial ofrece productos informativos de valor añadido que sustentan la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones. Estos incluyen la recopilación, el procesamiento y el análisis de diferentes tipos de información, sobre: el mercado, las tecnologías, las regulaciones y el medio ambiente; entre otros; en dependencia de los objetivos y por tanto de las necesidades de las entidades. En particular, aquellos que se orientan al apoyo de las decisiones estratégicas requieren del conocimiento de la situación externa – del micro y el macroentorno – y de las condiciones internas de la organización. Según la experiencia de la Consultoría Biomundi/IDICT (Cuba en este tipo de servicios, la participación activa tanto de los clientes como de los consultores, garantiza que se obtengan resultados que satisfagan las expectativas de aquellos. En el presente trabajo se ofrecen las características y los resultados de dos servicios de consultoría, en los que se utilizaron algunas técnicas de análisis cualitativo, que favorecieron la gestión de la información interna de las organizaciones y la obtención de un conocimiento para la toma de decisiones. Se presentan como estudios de caso la elaboración de un proyecto -mediante la matriz de marco lógico- para establecer el sistema de ciencia e innovación (SCeI en la zona especial de desarrollo del Mariel (ZEDM; y un análisis de prefactibilidad, para la diversificación productiva de una empresa cubana que se instalará en la ZEDM y debe responder a su SCeI.

Global quantitative indices reflecting provider process-of-care: data-base derivation

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Solomon Patricia J

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Controversy has attended the relationship between risk-adjusted mortality and process-of-care. There would be advantage in the establishment, at the data-base level, of global quantitative indices subsuming the diversity of process-of-care. Methods A retrospective, cohort study of patients identified in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database, 1993-2003, at the level of geographic and ICU-level descriptors (n = 35, for both hospital survivors and non-survivors. Process-of-care indices were established by analysis of: (i the smoothed time-hazard curve of individual patient discharge and determined by pharmaco-kinetic methods as area under the hazard-curve (AUC, reflecting the integrated experience of the discharge process, and time-to-peak-hazard (TMAX, in days, reflecting the time to maximum rate of hospital discharge; and (ii individual patient ability to optimize output (as length-of-stay for recorded data-base physiological inputs; estimated as a technical production-efficiency (TE, scaled [0,(maximum1], via the econometric technique of stochastic frontier analysis. For each descriptor, multivariate correlation-relationships between indices and summed mortality probability were determined. Results The data-set consisted of 223129 patients from 99 ICUs with mean (SD age and APACHE III score of 59.2(18.9 years and 52.7(30.6 respectively; 41.7% were female and 45.7% were mechanically ventilated within the first 24 hours post-admission. For survivors, AUC was maximal in rural and for-profit ICUs, whereas TMAX (≥ 7.8 days and TE (≥ 0.74 were maximal in tertiary-ICUs. For non-survivors, AUC was maximal in tertiary-ICUs, but TMAX (≥ 4.2 days and TE (≥ 0.69 were maximal in for-profit ICUs. Across descriptors, significant differences in indices were demonstrated (analysis-of-variance, P ≤ 0.0001. Total explained variance, for survivors (0.89 and non-survivors (0.89, was maximized by

Modelo de uso de información para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información

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Yunier RODRÍGUEZ-CRUZ

Full Text Available Resumen Se presenta un modelo de uso de información para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información cubanas. Su concepción parte del reconocimiento de las características de la toma de decisiones en los contextos organizacionales, enfatizando en el nivel estratégico de decisión. Esta caracterización profundiza sobre las particularidades de las decisiones estratégicas y las ventajas y capacidades organizacionales que genera, así como los diferentes componentes intrínsecos del proceso: situación-problema, individuo, información y elementos contextuales. La investigación se sustenta en la Fenomenografía como método de investigación, la que permite examinar los componentes y las relaciones que intervienen en el proceso de decisión a nivel estratégico. La propuesta de modelo de uso de información se sustenta en tres dimensiones: una dimensión informacional, una dimensión de comportamiento ante el uso de información y una dimensión contextual. Cada una de estas responde a los componentes particulares del proceso y esta relación contribuye considerablemente a establecer una propuesta que reconoce la información, procesos informacionales y sistemas de información, así como las especificidades del uso de información derivado del comportamiento de los decisores y los diversos procesos gerenciales que inciden y garantizan la creación de mejores y mayores capacidades organizacionales para llevar a cabo los procesos de decisión estratégicos.

Validity and Stability of the Decisional Balance for Sun Protection Inventory

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Hui-Qing Yin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The 8-item Decisional Balance for sun protection inventory (SunDB assesses the relative importance of the perceived advantages (Pros and disadvantages (Cons of sun protective behaviors. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SunDB measure, including invariance of the measurement model, in a population-based sample of N=1336 adults. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretically based 2-factor (Pros, Cons model, with high internal consistencies for each subscale (α≥.70. Multiple-sample CFA established that this factor pattern was invariant across multiple population subgroups, including gender, racial identity, age, education level, and stage of change subgroups. Multivariate analysis by stage of change replicated expected patterns for SunDB (Pros η2=.15, Cons η2=.02. These results demonstrate the internal and external validity and measurement stability of the SunDB instrument in adults, supporting its use in research and intervention.

Sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial

OpenAIRE

Karel Manuel Domínguez-Rodríguez; Lino Téllez-Sánchez

2011-01-01

Se abordaron aspectos relacionados con el apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial teniendo en cuenta que ese proceso es una herramienta informática cuya finalidad es dinamizarlo, mediante la generación y evaluación sistemática de diferentes alternativas y escenarios de negocios, que permiten demostrar la viabilidad de la propuesta. El sistema asesora la actuación profesional en correspondencia con la necesidad que durante el proceso de negociación se anticipen est...

Diseño de sistema experto para toma de decisiones de compra de materiales

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Carlos A. Torres Navarro; Javier A. Córdova Neira

2014-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la factibilidad de integración entre las teorías de inventarios y de sistemas expertos a través del diseño de un sistema informático basado en el conocimiento para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones en el área de logística y abastecimiento de una empresa forestal líder en Latino América. La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión de publicaciones científicas de acceso online sobre modelos de inventarios, criterios de clasificación mu...

Shared decision-making in mental health care—A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services

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Katarina Grim; David Rosenberg; Petra Svedberg; Ulla-Karin Schön

2016-01-01

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prere...

Being a reflective teacher——reflection on group management

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Pan; Lehui

2015-01-01

<正>Introduction According to Pollard and Triggs(1997),reflective teaching is a process through which the capacity to make such professional judgments can be developed and maintained.Then what is a reflective teacher?Reflective teacher is someone who reflects systematically on her practice in a constant attempt to improve

Knowledge, satisfaction with information, decisional conflict and psychological morbidity amongst women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Science.gov (United States)

De Morgan, Simone; Redman, Sally; D'Este, Catherine; Rogers, Kris

2011-07-01

To assess knowledge, satisfaction with information, decisional conflict and psychological morbidity amongst women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to explore the factors associated with less knowledge and greater confusion about DCIS. A cross-sectional survey of women diagnosed with DCIS in Australia (N=144). This study found misunderstanding and confusion amongst women diagnosed with DCIS and a desire for more information about their breast disease. Approximately half of participants worried about their breast disease metastasizing; approximately half expressed high decisional conflict; 12% were anxious and 2% were depressed. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that worry about dying from the breast disease was significantly associated with not knowing that DCIS could not metastasize (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.03-14.25); and confusion about whether DCIS could metastasize was significantly associated with dissatisfaction with information (OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.8-40.2). Good communication about how DCIS differs from invasive breast cancer is essential to alleviating the confusion and worry amongst women with DCIS. Recommendations about how best to communicate a diagnosis of DCIS, including the uncertainties, are needed to guide health professionals to promote better understanding about DCIS and increase the well-being of women with DCIS. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Association of Self-efficacy and Decisional Balance with Stages of Change for Fiber Intake and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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Parisa Keshani

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Background and Objectives: Constructs of behavioral models such as trans-theoretical model can be associated with healthy eating behaviors like increasing fiber intake. They can also be effective in improving these behaviors in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the association of self-efficacy and decisional balance with stages of change for fiber intake and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 literate male and female patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 30 to 65 years they were randomly selected from the patients’ list of “Charity Foundation for Special Diseases” and ”Iranian Diabetes Society” in Tehran-Iran. Stages of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance questionnaires were filled out, and three food records were used to assess their nutritional status. Blood samples were taken to assess fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin, and insulin resistance. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The tests were done using the SPSS software (ver. 16. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 126 patients with type 2 diabetes completed the study. Participants’ mean age was 53.5±6.02 and 65% were men. Patients in post-action stages revealed higher self-efficacy than did those in pre-action stages (P=0.035. A relationship was observed between insulin resistance and self-efficacy (P=0.040. One unit increase in self-efficacy decreased the risk of insulin resistance by 12%, and each unit increase in decisional balance increased the chance of eating sufficient fiber by 2.2 times. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived cons (P<0.0001 and self-efficacy (P=0.037 with fiber intake after adjustment with confounders. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a relationship between transtheoretical model constructs such as self-efficacy and decisional balance, especially cons, with

Decisiones en reacciones adversas a medicamentos, intoxicaciones y respuestas inesperadas de productos naturales como problema de salud pública

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Pedro P. Álvarez-Falconí

2007-10-01

Full Text Available En esta revisión se evalúa la información relevante sobre diversas reacciones adversas severas atribuidas a medicamentos de relativa reciente introducción en el mercado mundial, intoxicaciones por medicamentos contaminados, así como respuestas inesperadas adversas de productos naturales, todo lo cual contribuyó a la toma y adopción de decisiones en el pasado y en el presente, por organismos reguladores en medicamentos en diversos países. Se exploran a grandes perfiles las acciones relacionadas con los pilares de las políticas de medicamentos, los sucesos históricos y actuales calificados como desastres o tragedias en salud pública en el uso de medicamentos en el siglo pasado y presente, a fin de ofrecer un panorama básico en este manejo. Se incluyeron efectos que afectaron la salud por el empleo de algunos productos naturales para prestar atención a su implicancia en la práctica médica. Se comentan y discuten las decisiones de los organismos reguladores internacionales, los enormes gastos en salud pública por reacciones adversas, las estrategias que han contribuido a evitar perjuicios en la sociedad por reacciones adversas de medicamentos innovadores y antiguos. Se contribuye en afianzar los conceptos de responsabilidad empresarial y gubernamental, estándares científicos, éticos y seguridad de los medicamentos, la importancia del control de calidad, bioética, buenas prácticas clínicas en la investigación científica en medicamentos, buenas prácticas de manufactura y evitar prácticas corruptas. Se reafirma que el éxito de la medicina moderna se debe en magnitud importante a los medicamentos y dentro de ellos a los innovadores. Las decisiones oportunas de los expertos se orientan a evitar tragedias, sufrimientos y gastos innecesarios por reacciones adversas a medicamentos y consecuentemente eludir problemas en salud pública.

Estados financieros tradicionales, una limitante en las decisiones gerenciales = Traditional financial reports, a limiting on managerial decisions

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Carreño Acosta, Azucena

2012-01-01

Tomar decisiones gerenciales en las organizaciones, debe basarse en el estudio o análisis de las distintas herramientas de control de gestión de que se dispone, como son los Estados Financieros, según los Principios de Contabilidad Generalmente Aceptados en Colombia (PCGA) y las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). Sin embargo, frente a las exigencias actuales y a los directivos de hoy, estas herramientas se perciben con cierto grado de vulnerabilidad que no permiten r...

Modelo de inteligencia de negocio para la toma de decisiones en la empresa San Roque S.A.

OpenAIRE

AUTOR: S??nchez Guevara, Omar Antonio

2014-01-01

Las empresas comercializadoras de dulces tradicionales crecen en el mercado peruano, esto obliga a dichas empresas a volverse m??s competitivas y para ello toman decisiones las cuales presentan riesgos, por lo tanto para minimizar el riesgo es esencial la cantidad y calidad de informaci??n que se tiene disponible, tal es el caso de la empresa San Roque S.A. donde la informaci??n disponible para generar y analizar las propuestas de las posibles promociones de ventas, es insuficiente, generando...

Hacia una gestión de marketing socialmente responsable: decisiones de compra y de comunicación

OpenAIRE

Morillo Moreno, Milangela del Carmen

2009-01-01

En el presente trabajo se aborda el marketing como sistema de pensamiento organizacional, enfocado en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC), para lo cual se consideran varias posturas acerca de su significado. Las decisiones de compra y la comunicación involucran una elevada responsabilidad social. Éstas incluyen el papel de los medios de comunicación como parte integrante de la gestión de marketing. Entre sus principales resultados destacan que la RSC beneficia la colectivi...

CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÓMICAS Y CONSISTENCIA EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

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Jhon James Mora

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo analiza cuál es el efecto de las características socioeconómicas sobre la consistencia en las preferencias cuando los agentes se encuentran eligiendo entre loterías. El análisis parte de realizar la prueba de ALLAIS, sobre la consistencia en las elecciones, a los estudiantes de la carrera de Economía y Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad Icesi y, se encuentra que el sexo, el estrato socioeconómico, el ingreso, la edad y el semestre en forma conjunta no son relevantes para explicar la consistencia en las preferencias. Sin embargo, también se observa que la CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÓMICAS Y CONSISTENCIA EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES JOHN JAMES MORA1 Economista, Universidad del Valle, Maestría Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Jefe del Departamento de Economía, Universidad Icesi. email: jjmora@icesi.edu.co edad y el semestre podrían ayudar a explicar la consistencia.

La toma de decisiones multicriterio eficaces en el ámbito de la pequeña y mediana empresa: el establecimiento de los objetivos y la determinación de los criterios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández Barberis, Gabriela

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las condiciones que define y caracteriza al empresario o directivo es que, en la empresa, él es la persona que toma las decisiones de importancia. Esta es una responsabilidad que ningún empresario o directivo puede eludir. Ahora bien, todo ser humano, por las propias condiciones en que se desenvuelve en la vida, se ve forzado, desde que supera el período de la primera infancia, a adoptar continuamente múltiples y variadas decisiones. No obstante, se plantean numerosos problemas y se ha dedicado mucho esfuerzo y tiempo a analizar, con todo tipo de detalles, los procesos de toma de decisiones multicriterio que se producen en el ámbito empresarial. Una vez superada la primera etapa del proceso, identificada como “el planteamiento de la situación” es necesario proceder al próximo paso, de crucial y vital importancia para la eficacia y eficiencia de la empresa y se refiere a “el establecimiento de los objetivos”. Mientras el planteamiento de la situación nos indica dónde estamos, el establecimiento de los objetivos nos señala dónde queremos ir. Adicionalmente, una de las funciones principales que cumple el establecimiento de los objetivos en el proceso de toma de decisiones consiste en establecer múltiples criterios, usualmente en conflicto entre sí, que se utilizarán para evaluar las distintas alternativas de decisión. De esta forma, en el presente trabajo se estudia con cierto grado de detalle el establecimiento de los objetivos y la determinación de los criterios dentro del proceso de toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la pequeña y mediana empresa. La extensión del análisis de decisión multicriterio al ámbito empresarial permite así afrontar situaciones que son directa y perentoriamente conflictivas, y que requieren una solución en el más breve plazo posible.

Hippocampal Theta-Gamma Coupling Reflects State-Dependent Information Processing in Decision Making.

Science.gov (United States)

Amemiya, Seiichiro; Redish, A David

2018-03-20

During decision making, hippocampal activity encodes information sometimes about present and sometimes about potential future plans. The mechanisms underlying this transition remain unknown. Building on the evidence that gamma oscillations at different frequencies (low gamma [LG], 30-55 Hz; high gamma [HG], 60-90 Hz; and epsilon, 100-140 Hz) reflect inputs from different circuits, we identified how changes in those frequencies reflect different information-processing states. Using a unique noradrenergic manipulation by clonidine, which shifted both neural representations and gamma states, we found that future representations depended on gamma components. These changes were identifiable on each cycle of theta as asymmetries in the theta cycle, which arose from changes within the ratio of LG and HG power and the underlying phases of those gamma rhythms within the theta cycle. These changes in asymmetry of the theta cycle reflected changes in representations of present and future on each theta cycle. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Visual Short-Term Memory Activity in Parietal Lobe Reflects Cognitive Processes beyond Attentional Selection.

Science.gov (United States)

Sheremata, Summer L; Somers, David C; Shomstein, Sarah

2018-02-07

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) and attention are distinct yet interrelated processes. While both require selection of information across the visual field, memory additionally requires the maintenance of information across time and distraction. VSTM recruits areas within human (male and female) dorsal and ventral parietal cortex that are also implicated in spatial selection; therefore, it is important to determine whether overlapping activation might reflect shared attentional demands. Here, identical stimuli and controlled sustained attention across both tasks were used to ask whether fMRI signal amplitude, functional connectivity, and contralateral visual field bias reflect memory-specific task demands. While attention and VSTM activated similar cortical areas, BOLD amplitude and functional connectivity in parietal cortex differentiated the two tasks. Relative to attention, VSTM increased BOLD amplitude in dorsal parietal cortex and decreased BOLD amplitude in the angular gyrus. Additionally, the tasks differentially modulated parietal functional connectivity. Contrasting VSTM and attention, intraparietal sulcus (IPS) 1-2 were more strongly connected with anterior frontoparietal areas and more weakly connected with posterior regions. This divergence between tasks demonstrates that parietal activation reflects memory-specific functions and consequently modulates functional connectivity across the cortex. In contrast, both tasks demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries for spatial processing, exhibiting a stronger contralateral visual field bias in the left versus the right hemisphere across tasks, suggesting that asymmetries are characteristic of a shared selection process in IPS. These results demonstrate that parietal activity and patterns of functional connectivity distinguish VSTM from more general attention processes, establishing a central role of the parietal cortex in maintaining visual information. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual short-term memory (VSTM) and

Análisis de la evolución de la Neuroeconomía en la Toma decisiones

OpenAIRE

Cortés Bernales, Edgar

2016-01-01

La investigación se ha orientado, partiendo del origen y la evolución de la neurociencia, hacia los efectos que otorga la toma de decisiones, donde la interdisciplinariedad existente en la neurociencia, nos muestra una complementariedad e “integración” entre diversas disciplinas, que permite el reordenamiento de los saberes y dar cabida a nuevos planteamientos científicos -- Contamos por una parte con las ciencias cognitivas, las cuales tienen su origen en seis disciplinas: la lingüística, la...

DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE COSTOS PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN UNA EMPRESA DE SALUD

OpenAIRE

Lezcano, German Eduardo

2016-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN -- METODOLOGÍA -- RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN -- 1. ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO BIBLIOGRÁFICO SOBRE COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE SERVICIO EN EMPRESAS DE SALUD -- 2. ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO DE "CLÍNICA PRIVADA ESTÉTICA Y RECONSTRUCTIVA -- DISEÑO DEL PLAN PARA "CLÍNICA PRIVADA ESTÉTICA Y RECONSTRUCTIVA" EN BASE A LOS MÉTODOS DE COSTEO -- CONCLUSIONES -- BIBLIOGRAFIA El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar un sistema de costos para la toma de decisiones en una empresa de salud radicada en la ciudad d...

Un sistema di supporto alla decisione per facilitare nuove azioni di finanziamento in ambito pubblico

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Maria Franca Norese

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Un approfondimento analitico sulle modalità di finanziamento che hanno interessato la Regione Piemonte, sviluppato con il contributo di chi vi ha operato direttamente, ha permesso di acquisire, codificare e organizzare importanti elementi di conoscenza e di proporne l’uso per accrescere la cultura valutativa in Regione. Un accresciuto interesse a rendere più efficienti le azioni di finanziamento pubblico ha spinto ad utilizzare i risultati dell’analisi effettuata in un modello multicriteri di valutazione e in un sistema di supporto alla decisione rivolto a facilitare i nuovi processi di finanziamento e rendere operative attività di monitoraggio in un contesto di apprendimento organizzativo.

Metodología para la toma de decisiones de inversión en portafolio de acciones utilizando la técnica multicriterio AHP

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John Willmer Escobar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una metodología para la toma de decisiones en el mercado accionario colombiano utilizando la técnica multicriterio Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP. La problemática está relacionada con el proceso de inversión en un mercado bursátil considerando criterios de riesgo y rentabilidad. La metodología propuesta incluye la integración de las técnicas tradicionales de decisión de inversión en portafolio de acciones junto con la técnica multicriterio AHP que permite evaluar un número finito de alternativas de manera jerárquica bajo criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos. La metodología ha sido probada en la solución del problema de selección de portafolio de acciones de alta y media bursatilidad que cotizaron en el mercado colombiano durante el periodo de diciembre de 2007 a abril de 2010. Los resultados computacionales muestran la importancia y la eficiencia de la integración exitosa de los criterios tradicionales de inversión en portafolio de acciones junto con la metodología AHP para encontrar un balance apropiado entre rentabilidad y riesgo en el proceso de toma de decisiones de inversión en acciones en el mercado bursátil colombiano. Derechos reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

INFLUENCIA DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEMOGRÁFICAS Y SITUACIONALES EN LA SATISFACCIÓN Y TOMA DE DECISIONES DE LAS ACTIVIDADES TURÍSTICAS A TRAVÉS DEL MOBILE MARKETING

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Lázaro Florido-Benítez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La democratización del medio digital en las polis turísticas, ha hecho que los humanos se transformen en personas bifuncionales (Humano-smartphone, estos dispositivos han cambiando el paradigma en la toma de decisiones de las actividades turísticas cuando viajamos y, por ende, condicionan al turista su nivel de satisfacción global de su entorno más inmediato. Las factores demográficos y situacionales, son el germen de la adopción de la toma de decisiones de actividades como: búsqueda de información, nuevas experiencias o la compra de productos y servicios a través de los teléfonos inteligentes.

Tipos de lógica utilizadas en la toma de decisiones estratégicas de marketing

OpenAIRE

Garzón Rivera, Marcela; Boyacá Torres, Natalia María

2015-01-01

Para el administrador el proceso de la toma de decisiones es uno de sus mayores retos y responsabilidades, ya que en su desarrollo se debe definir el camino más acertado en un sin número de alternativas, teniendo en cuenta los obstáculos sociales, políticos y económicos del entorno empresarial. Para llegar a la decisión adecuada no hay que perder de vista los objetivos y metas propuestas, además de tener presente el proceso lógico, detectando, analizando y demostrando el porqué de esa ele...

Being In-Between: Reflecting on Time, Space and Career during the Tenure Application Process

Science.gov (United States)

Eichler, Mathew

2015-01-01

Part of the process of becoming a tenured faculty member is applying for tenure. This reflective essay reports on the period after the submission of tenure materials for review but before the review process for tenure is completed. This is an "in-between" space, where the race of the tenure track is no longer present, but the role of…

78 FR 18481 - Project-Level Predecisional Administrative Review Process

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-27

... respondents expressed a preference for the post- decisional appeal process. One respondent stated that ``It is... this time are somewhat limited, but the final rule does include some modifications in response to the... provision allowing for extension of time to file appeals or objections. These procedures have been in place...

Meaning, Internalization, and Externalization: Toward a Fuller Understanding of the Process of Reflection and Its Role in the Construction of the Self

Science.gov (United States)

Le Cornu, Alison

2009-01-01

The study of the process of reflection has a dignified history. However, few have linked reflection to the development of the self in such a way that the form of reflection is understood to influence the resultant type of self. This article explores the process of reflection using a framework of meaning making, internalization, and externalization…

A decade of business process management conferences: Personal reflections on a developing discipline

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalst, van der W.M.P.; Barros, A.; Gal, A.; Kindler, E.

2012-01-01

The Business Process Management (BPM) conference series celebrates its tenth anniversary. This is a nice opportunity to reflect on a decade of BPM research. This paper describes the history of the conference series, enumerates twenty typical BPM use cases, and identifies six key BPM concerns:

Exploring Students' Reflective Thinking Practice, Deep Processing Strategies, Effort, and Achievement Goal Orientations

Science.gov (United States)

Phan, Huy Phuong

2009-01-01

Recent research indicates that study processing strategies, effort, reflective thinking practice, and achievement goals are important factors contributing to the prediction of students' academic success. Very few studies have combined these theoretical orientations within one conceptual model. This study tested a conceptual model that included, in…

Pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios en las decisiones en las comisarías de familia de Bogotá: casos de violencia de pareja contra la mujer

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Martha Stella Ospino Rodríguez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el estudio que establece la asociación de las pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios con las decisiones de los operadores de justicia en las Comisarías de Familia de Bogotá; para lo cual, se realizó una investigación con diseño analítico de corte transversal descriptivo con 47 mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja que solicitaron medida de protección en el Centro de Atención Integral contra la Violencia Intrafamiliar (CAVIF. Se analizaron los fallos de las medidas de protección definitivas impuestas en 16 comisarías de familia de 13 localidades de Bogotá. Los resultados mostraron que no existe asociación entre la utilización de las pericias psicológicas, dictamen de lesiones no fatales del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF, informes sociales, denuncias de Fiscalía y testimonios de terceros, con las decisiones tomadas por los comisarios de familia. Solo se encontró asociación entre la aceptación de cargos, con las decisiones de aprobación de acuerdo conciliatorio y conminación a no agresión del accionado.

Signal processing issues in reflection tomography

Science.gov (United States)

Cadalli, Nail

2001-12-01

This dissertation focuses on signal modeling and processing issues of the following problems in reflection tomography: synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of a runway and surroundings from an aircraft approaching for landing, acoustic imaging of objects buried in soil, and lidar imaging of underwater objects. The highly squinted geometry of runway imaging necessitates the incorporation of wavefront curvature into the signal model. We investigate the feasibility of using the wavenumber-domain (ω - k) SAR inversion algorithm, which models the actual curvature of the wavefront, for runway imaging. We demonstrate the aberrations that the algorithm can produce when the squint angle is close to 90° and show that high-quality reconstruction is still possible provided that the interpolation is performed accurately enough, which can be achieved by increasing the temporal sampling rate. We compare the performance with that of a more general inversion method (GIM) that solves the measurement equation directly. The performances of both methods are comparable in the noise- free case. Being inherently robust to noise, GIM produces superior results in the noisy case. We also present a solution to the left-right ambiguity of runway imaging using interferometric processing. In imaging of objects buried in soil, we pursue an acoustic approach primarily for detection and imaging of cultural artifacts. We have developed a mathematical model and associated computer software in order to simulate the signals acquired by the actual experimental system, and a bistatic SAR-type algorithm for reconstruction. In the reconstructions from simulated data, objects were detectable, but near-field objects suffered from shifts and smears. To account for wavefront curvature, we formulated processing of the simulated data using the 3-D version of the monostatic ω - k algorithm. In lidar imaging of underwater objects, we formulate the problem as a 3-D tomographic reconstruction problem. We have

Relación entre el modelo de diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA – Tarapoto, 2016

OpenAIRE

Bermudes Valles, Jorge Luis

2016-01-01

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la relación entre el modelo del diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA - Tarapoto. Año 2016; se tuvo como hipótesis de trabajo Ho: La relación entre el modelo de diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA - Tarapoto. Año 2016. Es directa y positiva, para contrastar ello se utilizó el diseño no experimenta...

CONVENIENCIA DE LA CIRUGÌA PROFILÁCTICA DEL TERCER MOLAR RETENIDO: UN ANÁLISIS DE DECISIONES

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Adriana Ramírez

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. La proporción de cirugías de terceros molares que se realizan de manera profiláctica es difícil de estimar de manera precisa y depende en muchos casos de la definición que se dé para éste término. Objetivo. Determinar entre pacientes y cirujanos cuál es la alternativa más útil para plantear la cirugía profiláctica de los terceros molares retenidos asintomáticos. Material y métodos. Un análisis de decisiones clínicas (modelo de árbol de decisiones se utilizó para definir el tratamiento del tercer molar retenido asintomático. Las probabilidades para los desenlaces fueron obtenidos de la literatura. Las utilidades o preferencia fueron asignadas independientemente por pacientes y cirujanos. Resultados. La alternativa más conveniente para los pacientes fue la No extracción, mientras que para los cirujanos, la Si extracción. La decisión de los cirujanos resultó inestable al efectuar el análisis de sensibilidad bivariado al modificarse algunos valores asignados en el modelo, mientras que se mantuvo entre los pacientes. Conclusión. Las diferencias en las utilidades asignadas por pacientes y cirujanos, podrían deberse a la falta de información ofrecida al grupo de pacientes y a la diferencia de intereses entre unos y otros, si esto se corrige, la discrepancia entre los dos grupos logrará cerrarse, y a lo mejor podrían llegar a encontrar que la misma decisión es verdaderamente la más conveniente para ambos.

FROM IPAB TO ASP: THE EVOLUTION OF DECISIONAL PROCESSES

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Dario Recubini

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This study aims to analyze the evolution of decision-making processes through the transformation of The Public Institution of Assistance and Charity (IPAB, in Public Corporations aimed to the Person (ASP. Public corporations of services oriented to the Person (ASP are, in facts, an innovation. In the Public sector, ASPs are of big relevance, providing health care services to the society and taking a new and innovative governance model. This model wants to increase he awareness of ASP’s role in the public sector and generate awareness of the social effects, coupled with cost effectiveness and competitiveness. The public-law Corporations, which have got legal subject, administrative, property, accounting and financial autonomy, perform their activity with efficiency, efficacy and cost effectiveness, keeping the right balance between costs and profits. They are also able to save, anyway, not less than a third of incomings to realize various activities. These kind of companies are active at council and provincial level. This process is managed by the Region which endorses its Statutes, promotes the establishment of tools for the valuation of property assets and regulates the information and accounting system.   DALLE IPAB ALLE ASP: L’EVOLUZIONE DEI PROCESSI DECISIONALI Lo studio intende analizzare l’evoluzione dei processi decisionali nella trasformazione delle Istituzioni Pubbliche di Assistenza e Beneficienza (IPAB in Aziende Servizi alla Persona (ASP. Le Aziende pubbliche di servizi alla persona (ASP rappresentano, infatti,  un soggetto innovativo di grande rilevanza nell'ambito dei soggetti pubblici produttori ed erogatori di servizi socio-sanitari assumendo un nuovo modello di governance innovativo, diretto ad aumentare la consapevolezza del ruolo svolto e degli effetti prodotti in termini sociali, economici e competitivi. Aziende di diritto pubblico, dotate di personalità giuridica, di autonomia statutaria, gestionale, patrimoniale

Tecnologías de información en la toma de decisiones operativas en empresas petroleras del estado Zulia

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Romero, Mildred

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI han surgido como nuevas herramientas que transforman la manera tradicional de hacer las cosas, facilitando la automatización en actividades tanto operativas como administrativas en las organizaciones y mejorando el manejo de información. Atendiendo a la relevancia que han tomado las TI, el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo analizar la influencia de las tecnologías de información en la delegación de autoridad, y en la eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad de las decisiones operativas en las empresas del sector petrolero del estado Zulia. Fundamentándose para ello en los postulados de autores como Daft (2007, Domínguez et al. (1995, Fernández et al. (2003, Oz (2001, entre otros. La población objeto de estudio la conforman las empresas que prestan servicios a pozo. Llevándose a cabo una investigación de tipo descriptiva- transeccional con un diseño no experimental. Como resultado se pudo apreciar que las TI en las empresas del sector petrolero del estado Zulia han presentado mayor relevancia en la eficacia organizacional, es decir, han logrado las metas propuestas, sin embargo, los mismos resultados no son notorios en la eficiencia y efectividad. Palabras clave: Tecnologías de información, decisiones, operativo.

Estudio de la relación entre conocimiento y toma de decisiones en jugadores de tenis, y su influencia en la pericia deportiva. (Relation between knowledge and decision making in tennis players and its influence in sport expertise.

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Luis García González

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este trabajo pretende estudiar no solo algunos de los factores cognitivos implicados dentro del tenis, sino establecer las relaciones existentes entre distintos factores cognitivos fundamentales como el conocimiento y la toma de decisiones. De esta forma, se han evaluado 12 tenistas de distinto nivel de pericia en variables como el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental general de juego (medidos a través de cuestionarios, toma de decisiones y ejecución (evaluados a través de observación sistemática. Podemos destacar fundamentalmente la relación observada entre el conocimiento, tanto declarativo como procedimental, y la toma de decisiones, destacando en mayor medida la que se produce entre el conocimiento procedimental general y la toma de decisiones tanto en el servicio como en el resto de golpeos, que plantean la importancia del conocimiento sobre los aspectos tácticos y decisionales que los jugadores de tenis desarrollan durante el juego. Abastract This work tries to study nonsingle some of the cognitive factors implied in tennis, but to establish the existing relations between different fundamental cognitive factors as the knowledge and the decision making. Of this form, 12 tennis players of different skill level in variables like declarative and procedural knowledge (measured through questionnaires, decision making and execution (evaluated through systematic observation have evaluated themselves. We can emphasize the relation observed between the knowledge (declarative and procedural, and decision making, emphasizing in greater measurement the one takes place between the procedural knowledge and decision making in service as in the game play, that raise the importance of the knowledge on the tactical and decisional aspects that tennis players develop during the game.

Business change process, creativity and the brain: a practitioner's reflective account with suggestions for future research.

Science.gov (United States)

Yeats, Rowena M; Yeats, Martyn F

2007-11-01

Resolution of a critical organizational problem requires the use of carefully selected techniques. This is the work of a management consultant: facilitating a business change process in an organizational setting. Here, an account is provided of a practitioner's reflections on one such case study that demonstrates a structure for a business change process. The reflective account highlights certain affective states and social behaviors that were extracted from participants during the business change process. These affective states and social behaviors are mediated by specific neural networks in the brain that are activated during organizational intervention. By breaking down the process into the affective states and social behaviors highlighted, cognitive neuroscience can be a useful tool for investigating the neural substrates of such intervention. By applying a cognitive neuroscience approach to examine organizational change, it is possible to converge on a greater understanding of the neural substrates of everyday social behavior.

A spectral image processing algorithm for evaluating the influence of the illuminants on the reconstructed reflectance

Science.gov (United States)

Toadere, Florin

2017-12-01

A spectral image processing algorithm that allows the illumination of the scene with different illuminants together with the reconstruction of the scene's reflectance is presented. Color checker spectral image and CIE A (warm light 2700 K), D65 (cold light 6500 K) and Cree TW Series LED T8 (4000 K) are employed for scene illumination. Illuminants used in the simulations have different spectra and, as a result of their illumination, the colors of the scene change. The influence of the illuminants on the reconstruction of the scene's reflectance is estimated. Demonstrative images and reflectance showing the operation of the algorithm are illustrated.

Temporal processes involved in simultaneous reflection masking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buchholz, Jörg

2006-01-01

reflection delays and enhances the test reflection for large delays. Employing a 200-ms-long broadband noise burst as input signal, the critical delay separating these two binaural phenomena was found to be 7–10 ms. It was suggested that the critical delay refers to a temporal window that is employed......, resulting in a critical delay of about 2–3 ms for 20-ms-long stimuli. Hence, for very short stimuli the temporal window or critical delay exhibits values similar to the auditory temporal resolution as, for instance, observed in gap-detection tasks. It is suggested that the larger critical delay observed...

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN DE VALOR EMPLEADA EN LAS DECISIONES AMBIENTALES POR LAS GRANDES ORGANIZACIONES: ESTUDIO DE LOS GRANDES PROYECTOS HIDROELÉCTRICOS EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RODOLFO GARCÍA SIERRA

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación ofrece una explicación sobre una de las fuentes generadoras de los altos nive- les de conflictividad, actualmente predecibles entre las comunidades locales y la construcción de megaproyectos hidroeléctricos en Colombia, a través de una mirada endógena de las grandes organizaciones, específicamente en su proceso de toma de decisiones ambientales basado en juicio de expertos. En este caso el análisis se aplica a la construcción de megaproyectos hidroeléctricos (>350 MW en Colombia durante el período 2010 al 2020. La investigación emplea la teoría prospectiva acumulativa (Cumulative Prospect Theory - CPT. Se inicia determinando el uso de la heurística de disponibilidad y su cuantificación, a partir de los criterios de facilidad de recordación y tiempo de deliberación de las respuestas. Paso siguiente, se caracteriza la función de preferen - cias de los expertos, determinando las dimensiones en las que se presentan zonas de aptitudes de ganancia (altas y bajas y zonas de aptitudes de pérdidas (bajas y altas. Su aplicación a las organiza - ciones según las simulaciones realizadas, permite mejorar la influencia de las comunidades locales en las decisiones ambientales, teniendo presente los resultados sobre las aptitudes de pérdidas que han experimentado los tomadores de decisiones, ante peticiones externas en las dimensiones tecnológicas y ambientales.

Fabrication of high-resolution reflective scale grating for an optical encoder using a patterned self-assembly process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan, Shanjin; Jiang, Weitao; Li, Xuan; Yu, Haoyu; Lei, Biao; Shi, Yongsheng; Yin, Lei; Chen, Bangdao; Liu, Hongzhong

2016-01-01

Steel tape scale grating of a reflective incremental linear encoder has a key impact on the measurement accuracy of the optical encoder. However, it is difficult for conventional manufacturing processes to fabricate scale grating with high-resolution grating strips, due to process and material problems. In this paper, self-assembly technology was employed to fabricate high-resolution steel tape scale grating for a reflective incremental linear encoder. Graphene oxide nanoparticles were adopted to form anti-reflective grating strips of steel tape scale grating. They were deposited in the tape, which had a hydrophobic and hydrophilic grating pattern when the dispersion of the nanoparticles evaporated. A standard lift-off process was employed to fabricate the hydrophobic grating strips on the steel tape. Simultaneously, the steel tape itself presents a hydrophilic property. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic grating pattern was thus obtained. In this study, octafluorocyclobutane was used to prepare the hydrophobic grating strips, due to its hydrophobic property. High-resolution graphene oxide steel tape scale grating with a pitch of 20 μ m was obtained through the self-assembly process. The photoelectric signals of the optical encoder containing the graphene oxide scale grating and conventional scale grating were tested under the same conditions. Comparison test results showed that the graphene oxide scale grating has a better performance in its amplitude and harmonic components than that of the conventional steel tape scale. A comparison experiment of position errors was also conducted, demonstrating an improvement in the positioning error of the graphene oxide scale grating. The comparison results demonstrated the applicability of the proposed self-assembly process to fabricate high-resolution graphene oxide scale grating for a reflective incremental linear encoder. (paper)

Influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes

OpenAIRE

Juan Pablo Sanabria Mazo; Juliana Jiménez Sierra; Katherine Parra Blandón; María Alejandra Tordecilla Casallas

2016-01-01

Esta investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes. La muestra, seleccionada intencionalmente, estuvo conformada por cuatro hombres y cuatro mujeres, de los cuales dos de cada sexo habían iniciado su vida sexual y dos no. Las entrevistas en profundidad se analizaron con el apoyo del programa Atlas.ti. Las motivaciones para no iniciar su vida sexual se...

Una aplicación de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el costeo de maquinarias de cosecha forestal

OpenAIRE

Acuña,Eduardo; Drake,Fernando; Garcias,Marco

2011-01-01

Desde hace años las empresas forestales y en especial las que prestan servicios de cosecha forestal han implementado la computación como una herramienta de trabajo, esto ha permitido automatizar la toma de decisiones. El propósito de esta práctica es lograr que el sector forestal siga siendo competitivo a nivel internacional, para tal objetivo se hace necesario optimizar las diferentes actividades que participan en la producción forestal. Los costos asociados a la faena de cosecha forestal so...

Application of Bayesian Method in Validation of TTM Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Constructs to Improve Nutritional Behavior in Yazdian Prediabetes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hossein Fallahzadeh

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction: To introduce Bayesian method in validation of transtheoretical model’s Self-Efficacy and Decisional Balance for nutritional behavior improvement among Prediabetes with ordinal data. Methods: This is an Experimental trial with parallel design and sample was included 220 Prediabetes who Participated in screening program and had over 30 years old, fasting blood glucose ranged 100-125 and at least elementary Education. We used OpenBugs 3.2.3 to fit Bayesian ordinal factor analysis to achieve validation of TTM’s decisional balance and self-efficacy. Results: All of the factor loadings corresponded to mentioned constructs was significant at α= 0.05%. That support validation of the Constructs. Correlation between Pros and Cons was not significant(-0.076, 0.007.Furthermore a specific statistical model for ordinal data created that can estimate odds ratios and marginal Probabilities for each choice of any item in questionnaire. Conclusion: Thanks to benefits of Bayesian method in use of prior information such as Meta-analysis and other resources, In comparison to similar studies that used standard or other factor analysis for ordinal data, our results had good accuracy(with aspect to standard deviation even with lower sample size.so the results can be used  in future clinical researches.

Training Reflective Processes in Military Aircrews through Holistic Debriefing: The Importance of Facilitator Skills and Development of Trust

Science.gov (United States)

Moldjord, Christian; Hybertsen, Ingunn Dahler

2015-01-01

This paper explores how Holistic Debrief, a new concept in the field of debriefing and reflective processes, can contribute to restitution, reflection and learning in professional teams following stressful events and routine tasks. Interviews were conducted with Norwegian military aircrew mission commanders following deployment to Afghanistan in…

Shared decision making and medication management in the recovery process.

Science.gov (United States)

Deegan, Patricia E; Drake, Robert E

2006-11-01

Mental health professionals commonly conceptualize medication management for people with severe mental illness in terms of strategies to increase compliance or adherence. The authors argue that compliance is an inadequate construct because it fails to capture the dynamic complexity of autonomous clients who must navigate decisional conflicts in learning to manage disorders over the course of years or decades. Compliance is rooted in medical paternalism and is at odds with principles of person-centered care and evidence-based medicine. Using medication is an active process that involves complex decision making and a chance to work through decisional conflicts. It requires a partnership between two experts: the client and the practitioner. Shared decision making provides a model for them to assess a treatment's advantages and disadvantages within the context of recovering a life after a diagnosis of a major mental disorder.

Reflection on the Teaching-Learning Process in the Initial Training of Teachers. Characterization of the Issues on Which Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers Reflect

Science.gov (United States)

Chamoso, J. M.; Caceres, M. J.; Azcarate, P.

2012-01-01

Our aim was to highlight the issues of the reflections of pre-service mathematics teachers in their learning portfolio about the teaching-learning process taking place in a university teacher-training classroom. Category systems were designed which, together with the analysis system used, could provide a method helpful to teacher educators,…

LOS ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO Y PERFILES DE SECTOR COMO HERRAMIENTAS ÚTILES PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Morejón-Bravo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En primer lugar, se ofrece una breve explicación de los fundamentos teóricos de la inteligencia empresarial y sus productos, haciendo énfasis en los perfiles estratégicos, y dentro de ellos, en los perfiles de sector. También, se hace énfasis en los estudios de mercado y sus características. En segundo lugar, se presentan dos casos de estudio (un perfil de sector y un estudio de mercado, que demuestran la importancia de estos productos y servicios de inteligencia competitiva, para la toma de decisiones lo más acertada posible, en las organizaciones.

Toma de decisiones mediante metodología multicriterio (carbón nacional y seguridad energética)

OpenAIRE

Cansado Bravo, Pablo; Rodríguez Monroy, Carlos

2017-01-01

Este artículo investiga la viabilidad de alternativas a largo plazo del carbón español a través de un proceso MCDM (Toma de decisiones multicriterio). La principal contribución de esta investigación es doble. En primer lugar, evaluar el comportamiento a largo plazo de los yacimientos de carbón existentes en España utilizando la metodología MAUT dentro de tres ámbitos de competencia diferenciados: ubicación geográfica, tecnología minera del carbón y tipo de carbón. En segundo lugar, evalúa las...

Developing a new theory of knowledge sharing : Documenting and reflecting on a messy process

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Martinsons, M.G.; Davison, R.M.; Ou, Carol

2015-01-01

Much has been written about theories and how they can be tested. Unfortunately, much less has been written about how to develop them. This paper sheds light on the process of new theory development. We document and reflect on how we developed a context-sensitive indigenous theory of knowledge

Estrategias para la toma de decisiones sobre costos en un proceso productivo. Toma de decisiones sobre costos en la pesca del atún

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gladys Fernández de H.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available La contabilidad de costos ha adquirido un papel fundamental dentro de las organizaciones modernas, considerándose una herramienta valiosa en el control y la toma de decisiones estratégi- cas, utilizando para ello nuevas técnicas, tales como el costeo basado en actividades (ABC y el en- foque de la cadena de valor, a través de los cuales se controlan las actividades desempeñadas en los procesos y se logra el entendimiento del comportamiento de los costos. En este sentido se seleccio- nó el proceso de pesca del atún para identificar las actividades que intervienen en el mismo y dife- renciar aquellas que agregan o no valor al producto. Se tomó como muestra un barco atunero, por el método del muestreo aleatorio al azar simple, para garantizar la representatividad de la misma. El estudio se realizó aplicando técnicas de recolección de información, tales como la entrevista y la ob- servación directa. Con la identificación de actividades se espera que la empresa encargada del pro- ceso de pesca del atún pueda realizar un mejor control de estas y alcanzar un nivel de desempeño por actividad, a la vez que permita la planificación de las mismas. Se determinó además las actividades que no agregan valor, en las cuales se pueden lograr reducciones de costos.

Conceptualizing playfulness for reflection processes in responsible research and innovation contexts: a narrative literature review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Meij, Marjoleine G.; Broerse, Jacqueline E. W.; Kupper, Frank

2017-01-01

Playfulness supports people in learning. This study synthesizes a framework for playfulness for one particular type of learning: responsible research and innovation (RRI) reflection processes. Playfulness design elements were extracted from literature about playfulness in various learning and

DECISIONES ESTRATÉGICAS DE LECTURA Y RENDIMIENTO EN TAREAS DE COMPETENCIA LECTORA SIMILARES A PISA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María-Ángeles Serrano Mendizábal

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El rendimiento dispar encontrado en algunos pa ses del informe PISA 2009 (OECD, 2010 entre textos continuos y no-continuos en tareas de competencia lectora, as como la naturaleza y estructura diferente de la informaci n textual, han motivado el estudio del procesamiento on-line de ambos tipos de texto con el objetivo de explorar qu sucede cuando se usan para responder preguntas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las decisiones estrat gicas de relectura de textos continuos y no-continuos en tareas de competencia lectora similares a las de PISA, as como la estabilidad en el uso de esta estrategia. Para ello, se aplicaron dos pruebas estandarizadas de competencia lectora a 112 alumnos de 6. de Primaria y 1. y 2. de ESO, una que inclu a dos textos continuos y otra con cinco textos, tres continuos y dos no-continuos. Los estudiantes leyeron los textos y contestaron las preguntas con el software Read&Answer (Vidal-Abarca, Mart nez, Salmer n, Cerd n y otros, 2011, que permite registrar la conducta on-line adem s del rendimiento. Las puntuaciones en los textos no-continuos resultaron m s bajas que en los continuos, a pesar del mayor n mero de re - lecturas de estos antes de responder. Asimismo, los estudiantes mostraron un grado de estabilidad en sus decisiones estrat gicas de relectura en ambos tipos de texto. El menor rendimiento en textos no-continuos sumado al n mero superior de relecturas para responder preguntas sobre estos, podr a estar indi - cando una menor competencia de nuestros estudiantes en el uso de estrategias relacionadas con la interpretaci n de informaci n no-continua en comparaci n con la mostrada para procesar textos continuos. Los resultados revelan la im - portancia de ense ar de manera expl cita procedimientos espec cos para la comprensi n de textos no-continuos a trav s de las diversas materias.

RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS SISTEMAS DE CONTABILIDAD Y CONTROL DE GESTIÓN Y LOS SESGOS EN LA EVALUACIÓN Y TOMA DE DECISIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ERNESTO LOPEZ-VALEIRAS

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los directivos realizan evaluaciones y toman decisiones que pueden estar sesgadas y, como conse - cuencia, provocar efectos contrarios a los deseados en el rendimiento organizacional. La identifi - cación de los sesgos y sus causas han sido ampliamente estudiadas en la literatura de contabilidad y control de gestión en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar los resultados previos, lo cual permite disponer de una visión más clara y comprensiva del papel de los Sistemas de Contabilidad y Control de Gestión (SCCG en relación a los sesgos en las decisiones y evaluaciones. Como resultado se obtiene un marco conceptual en el que los SCCG se postulan al mismo tiempo como generadores e inhibidores de sesgo, en función de sus propias características y de las carac - terísticas de los usuarios. Este resultado permite que profesionales (especialmente los controllers y académicos conozcan mejor los procesos de utilización de la información generada por los SCCG y así actúen en consecuencia.

A transmission and reflection coupled ultrasonic process tomography based on cylindrical miniaturized transducers using PVDF films

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, J.; Yang, H.; Fan, F.; Su, M.

2017-12-01

A transmission and reflection coupled ultrasonic process tomography has been developed, which is characterized by a proposed dual-mode (DM) reconstruction algorithm, as well as an adaptive search approach to determine an optimal image threshold during the image binarization. In respect of hardware, to improve the accuracy of time-of-flight (TOF) and extend the lowest detection limit of particle size, a cylindrical miniaturized transducer using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films is designed. Besides, the development of range-gating technique for the identification of transmission and reflection waves in scanning is discussed. A particle system with four iron particles is then investigated numerically and experimentally to evaluate these proposed methods. The sound pressure distribution in imaging area is predicted numerically, followed by the analysis of the relationship between the emitting surface width of transducer and particle size. After the processing of experimental data for effective waveform extraction and fusion, the comparison between reconstructed results from transmission-mode (TM), reflection-mode (RM), and dual-mode reconstructions is carried out and the latter manifests obvious improvements from the blurring reduction to the enhancement of particle boundary.

Effects of binge drinking and hangover on response selection sub-processes-a study using EEG and drift diffusion modeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Stock, Ann-Kathrin; Hoffmann, Sven; Beste, Christian

2017-09-01

Effects of binge drinking on cognitive control and response selection are increasingly recognized in research on alcohol (ethanol) effects. Yet, little is known about how those processes are modulated by hangover effects. Given that acute intoxication and hangover seem to be characterized by partly divergent effects and mechanisms, further research on this topic is needed. In the current study, we hence investigated this with a special focus on potentially differential effects of alcohol intoxication and subsequent hangover on sub-processes involved in the decision to select a response. We do so combining drift diffusion modeling of behavioral data with neurophysiological (EEG) data. Opposed to common sense, the results do not show an impairment of all assessed measures. Instead, they show specific effects of high dose alcohol intoxication and hangover on selective drift diffusion model and EEG parameters (as compared to a sober state). While the acute intoxication induced by binge-drinking decreased the drift rate, it was increased by the subsequent hangover, indicating more efficient information accumulation during hangover. Further, the non-decisional processes of information encoding decreased with intoxication, but not during hangover. These effects were reflected in modulations of the N2, P1 and N1 event-related potentials, which reflect conflict monitoring, perceptual gating and attentional selection processes, respectively. As regards the functional neuroanatomical architecture, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as occipital networks seem to be modulated. Even though alcohol is known to have broad neurobiological effects, its effects on cognitive processes are rather specific. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Evaluación económica y toma de decisiones en salud ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gutiérrez Zúñiga Cristina

1994-01-01

Full Text Available Ante el creciente deterioro ambiental y sus posibles consecuencias en la salud de la población resulta una prioridad indiscutible el diseño e instrumentación de políticas que controlen las actividades económicas bajo el criterio de protección a la salud humana y al ambiente mismo. Es preciso que dichas políticas consideren la factibilidad económica de las alternativas de protección existentes. Sin embargo, por la cantidad de intereses dentro del área ambiental, otros factores como el social y el político deben también ser considerados. La evaluación económica ha sido vista como un promisorio fundamento para la toma de decisiones en esta materia. Los autores analizan la capacidad de esta herramienta para organizar en forma sistemática y comparable los costos y los beneficios de alternativas para la solución de problemas ambientales. Se resumen las principales características de los estudios de costo-beneficio y costo-efectividad, las formas de evaluación económica del ambiente, y las particularidades de esta área para la aplicación de dichas técnicas de análisis. Se señalan los límites encontrados en estas herramientas para cuantificar los costos no monetarios de los riesgos ambientales y de los consecuentes daños a la salud, tales como el dolor, el sufrimiento ó la incapacidad de personas económicamente inactivas, constituyendo estos aspectos el reto metodológico de la evaluación económica en el área. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de ampliar los insumos informativos para la toma de decisiones en materia de salud ambiental en aspectos como la distribución de los costos y los beneficios entre los distintos grupos sociales. Por último se señala tanto la creciente politización del tema ambiental, como la posibilidad técnica de manipulación de estas herramientas de análisis. Partiendo de estos elementos se señala la necesidad, por parte de los evaluadores, de ser conscientes sobre las implicaciones pol

A situated approach to VET students' reflection processes across boundaries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wegener, Charlotte

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the intersection between institutional requirements for reflection and students’ actual reflection initiatives in the social and health care education programmes. A situated perspective makes it possible to illuminate individuals’ commitment, curiosity a...... be enhanced. The paper adds to previous research on boundary crossing in vocational education and highlights the notion of visible reflection....

Policías, ladrones y gente corriente: Diferencias entre expertos y noveles en el uso de estrategias para la toma de decisiones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rocío García-Retamero

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Imagine que quiere invertir su dinero en una propiedad inmobiliaria, y el hecho de que ésta pueda ser objeto de hurto es crucial para usted... En este artículo analizamos las estimaciones que expertos y noveles en el ámbito de la delincuencia realizan sobre el poder de distintas claves para predecir el éxito en la conducta de hurto y las estrategias que utilizan en su toma de decisiones.

A Process Model of L2 Learners' Motivation: From the Perspectives of General Tendency and Individual Differences

Science.gov (United States)

Hiromori, Tomohito

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to examine a process model of L2 learners' motivation. To investigate the overall process of motivation, the motivation of 148 university students was analyzed. Data were collected on three variables from the pre-decisional phase of motivation (i.e., value, expectancy, and intention) and four variables from the…

Mecanismos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones en situaciones de incertidumbre. Un estudio con pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurora Moreno

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Los pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA suelen presentar problemas en la toma de decisiones (TD, incluso ya en fase leve. Diversos estudios han analizado el funcionamiento de los mecanismos cognitivos en los procesos de TD, especialmente en situaciones de incertidumbre. Una de estas aproximaciones es la hipótesis del marcador somático a través de la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT y el índice Gambling (IG. Uno de los problemas es la inespecificidad de los indicadores de la IGT, por ello se han propuesto modelos explicativos para solventar estas carencias, como el Prospective Valence Learning (PVL. En este trabajo, aplicamos la IGT a 10 pacientes y 10 controles. Analizamos los parámetros del PVL: aversión a las pérdidas (λ regla de utilidad (α, recencia (A y consistencia (c, y la evolución de la tarea en función de las elecciones ventajosas. Nuestros resultados muestran que el rendimiento de los controles es mejor que el de pacientes DTA, aunque en las fases iniciales no hay diferencias, estas se ciñen a los dos bloques finales. En los parámetros del PVL se obtienen diferencias en α y c y en menor medida en λ. A partir de los parámetros del PVL podemos caracterizar el proceso de toma de decisiones de los pacientes DTA, como sensibles a las pérdidas, más influenciados por las elecciones inmediatas y un nivel de consistencia muy bajo, que indica estrategias de elección aleatoria.

How Workplace Managers Can Protect Against Hostile Environment Claims From Their Female And Male Employees: A Legal Review Of Decisional Law

OpenAIRE

Nina Compton

2011-01-01

Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances within the workplace setting.  A review of case law illuminates the circumstances that have been identified as sexual harassment.  Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of l964.  This paper reviews the decisional law which has recognized various forms of prohibited sexual harassment.  The case analysis explores numerous types of “hostile environment” sexual harassment that can...

Real-time particle size analysis using focused beam reflectance measurement as a process analytical technology tool for a continuous granulation-drying-milling process.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Vijay; Taylor, Michael K; Mehrotra, Amit; Stagner, William C

2013-06-01

Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) was used as a process analytical technology tool to perform inline real-time particle size analysis of a proprietary granulation manufactured using a continuous twin-screw granulation-drying-milling process. A significant relationship between D20, D50, and D80 length-weighted chord length and sieve particle size was observed with a p value of 0.05).

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

OpenAIRE

Briozo, Anahí; Vigier, Hernán; Castillo, Natalia; Pesce, Gabriela; Speroni, Carolina

2016-01-01

Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se ...

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

OpenAIRE

Anahí Briozzo; Hernán Vigier; Natalia Castillo; Gabriela Pesce; M. Carolina Speroni

2016-01-01

Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequenas ˜ y medianas empresas en función de su tamano ˜ y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamano...

UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA PLANEACIÓN MINERA A CIELO ABIERTO DESDE UN ENFOQUE BASADO EN DECISIONES BAJO INCERTIDUMBRE

OpenAIRE

FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA, GIOVANNI; BRANCH BEDOYA, JOHN WILLIAN; JARAMILLO ÁLVAREZ, PATRICIA

2010-01-01

En este artículo se presenta en primer lugar una descripción del proceso de planeamiento minero desde un punto de vista clásico y su relación con los actuales procesos de planeamiento minero que tienen como base la optimización en sus diferentes etapas. Seguidamente, se realiza un acercamiento a los procesos de planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de los artículos encontrados clasificándolos...

Análisis microeconometrico de las decisiones de participación y gasto turístico de los hogares

OpenAIRE

Mateo Erroz, Sara

2012-01-01

La tesis se enmarca en el análisis microeconométrico de la demanda turística de los hogares españoles. Su objetivo general es estudiar los determinantes que influyen en la decisión de consumo turístico, frecuencia de consumo y gasto de los hogares en servicios turísticos. En el análisis de todas las decisiones intervienen variables no estrictamente económicas específicas de cada hogar (número de miembros, existencia de niños y otras variable ligadas al ciclo de vida del hogar) y de sus mi...

On image pre-processing for PIV of sinlge- and two-phase flows over reflecting objects

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Deen, N.G.; Willems, P.; van Sint Annaland, M.; Kuipers, J.A.M.; Lammertink, Rob G.H.; Kemperman, Antonius J.B.; Wessling, Matthias; van der Meer, Walterus Gijsbertus Joseph

2010-01-01

A novel image pre-processing scheme for PIV of single- and two-phase flows over reflecting objects which does not require the use of additional hardware is discussed. The approach for single-phase flow consists of image normalization and intensity stretching followed by background subtraction. For

Reflections on Practical Approaches to Involving Children and Young People in the Data Analysis Process

Science.gov (United States)

Coad, Jane; Evans, Ruth

2008-01-01

This article reflects on key methodological issues emerging from children and young people's involvement in data analysis processes. We outline a pragmatic framework illustrating different approaches to engaging children, using two case studies of children's experiences of participating in data analysis. The article highlights methods of…

De la evidencia al desempeño: cómo fijar prioridades y tomar buenas decisiones From evidence to performance: setting priorities and making good decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franklin White

1998-07-01

Full Text Available En esta época de respeto por la ciencia médica y por la responsabilidad gerencial, las organizaciones de salud deben rendir cuentas por sus acciones con creciente frecuencia. La época en que se determinaban las prioridades y se tomaban las decisiones sobre bases políticas o acatando el consejo intuitivo de asesores respetados y bien intencionados ha dado paso gradualmente a una era que valora la demostración de efectividad y eficiencia. Las decisiones relativas a las prioridades y a los programas deben basarse firmemente en conocimientos comprobados y someterse a evaluación continua. Esta transición requiere promover el pensamiento crítico en todos los ámbitos. Surge entonces la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos promover el razonamiento crítico en los servicios de salud para fijar prioridades, adoptar decisiones acertadas y poner en práctica iniciativas efectivas? En otras palabras, ¿cómo podemos pasar de la evidencia al desempeño? Una pregunta aún más básica es ¿por qué debemos fijar prioridades?In today's world, with its respect for the medical sciences and demand for administrative accountability, health institutions are publicly responsible for their actions to an unprecedented degree. Making decisions and setting priorities on the basis of politics or unvalidated expert opinions is no longer acceptable. Instead, proven efficiency and effectiveness, as demonstrated by scientific evidence under continuous evaluation, are essential to decision-making. The need for applying rational criteria makes it necessary to explore a fundamental question: How can we promote critical reasoning within health services so as to adequately set priorities, make proper decisions, and launch effective interventions? In other words, how can we move from evidence to performance and why set priorities at all?

The Learning Process of Supervisees Who Engage in the Reflecting Team Model within Group Supervision: A Grounded Theory Inquiry

Science.gov (United States)

Pender, Rebecca Lynn

2012-01-01

In recent years, counselor educators have begun to incorporate the use of the reflecting team process with the training of counselors. Specifically, the reflecting team has been used in didactic courses (Cox, 2003; Landis & Young, 1994; Harrawood, Wilde & Parmanand, 2011) and in supervision (Cox, 1997; Prest, Darden, & Keller, 1990;…

The Use of Art in the Medical Decision-Making Process of Oncology Patients

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Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna

2012-01-01

The introduction of written informed consent in the 1970s created expectations of shared decision making between doctors and patients that has led to decisional conflict for some patients. This study utilized a collaborative, intrinsic case study approach to the decision-making process of oncology patients who participated in an open art therapy…

NONLINEAR REFLECTION PROCESS OF LINEARLY POLARIZED, BROADBAND ALFVÉN WAVES IN THE FAST SOLAR WIND

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Shoda, M.; Yokoyama, T., E-mail: shoda@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)

2016-04-01

Using one-dimensional numerical simulations, we study the elementary process of Alfvén wave reflection in a uniform medium, including nonlinear effects. In the linear regime, Alfvén wave reflection is triggered only by the inhomogeneity of the medium, whereas in the nonlinear regime, it can occur via nonlinear wave–wave interactions. Such nonlinear reflection (backscattering) is typified by decay instability. In most studies of decay instabilities, the initial condition has been a circularly polarized Alfvén wave. In this study we consider a linearly polarized Alfvén wave, which drives density fluctuations by its magnetic pressure force. For generality, we also assume a broadband wave with a red-noise spectrum. In the data analysis, we decompose the fluctuations into characteristic variables using local eigenvectors, thus revealing the behaviors of the individual modes. Different from the circular-polarization case, we find that the wave steepening produces a new energy channel from the parent Alfvén wave to the backscattered one. Such nonlinear reflection explains the observed increasing energy ratio of the sunward to the anti-sunward Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind with distance against the dynamical alignment effect.

Comunicación familiar y toma de decisiones en sexualidad entre ascendientes y adolescentes

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Valentina González

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los individuos adolescentes aprenden de sexualidad a través de diferentes medios, pero la familia es uno de los primeros agentes socializadores y es la encargada, a través de la comunicación, de trasmitir información sobre ésta. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los procesos de comunicación que se establecen entre padres y madres con sus hijos e hijas adolescentes para entablar diálogos sobre sexualidad y su relación con la toma de decisiones, en dos familias pertenecientes a instituciones educativas de Cali. A través de esta investigación cualitativa encontramos que los procesos de comunicación, los temas abordados y los recursos empleados, están influidos por los conocimientos y percepciones de los ascendientes, en quienes la sexualidad aún es un tabú y tienen carencia de información y de estrategias de acompañamiento.

The neural evidence of the reflected appraisal process as a main path for learning about one's self-knowledge of personality.

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Xu, Xiaofan; Chen, Yu; Zhao, Yufang; Yang, Juan

2015-09-01

Self-knowledge has been defined as the accurate self-perceptions about how one typically thinks, feels, and behaves, and awareness of how those patterns are interpreted by others. Previous research has noted that the introspection and the reflected appraisal processes are two main avenues for learning about the self and that self-knowledge might be fully realized through the use of reflected appraisal from close others. However, due to the methodological difficulty in linking people's ratings on a trait to their behaviors, accuracy research using a behavioral criterion is quite limited. The current work examined the main source of learning about one's self-knowledge by investigating the time course of attention deployment both in the process of introspection and that of reflected appraisal. Twenty-five college students were first asked to rate their impressions of their classmates as well as a familiar other using personality-trait adjectives. Their electrophysiological data were then collected using the event-related potential (ERP) technology while they judged to which extent (1) an adjective can describe the self, (2) an adjective can describe a familiar other, (3) they agree with an adjective that their classmates believe can describe the self, and (4) they agree with an adjective that their classmates believe can describe a familiar other. Our electrophysiological data showed that classmates' positive evaluation of one's own trait elicited larger P2 than the positive self-evaluation of one's own trait. Further, classmates' negative evaluation of one's own trait elicited larger late positive component (LPC) than the negative self-evaluation of one's own trait. Results suggest that people allocate more attention to the process of reflected appraisal compared to the process of introspection, which further suggests that the reflected appraisal process might be the main source in learning about one's self-knowledge of personality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B

Reflecting Team as an Evaluation/learning Instrument for Self-reflection of Teachers

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Michling Malgorzata D.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Reflecting Team (RT is a method derived from systemic therapy in the 1980s by the social psychiatrist Tom Andersen. It is increasingly being used in training and evaluation contexts. The aim of the method is to create a space for the development of diverse perspectives and appropriate ideas and solutions in which the integrity of the students/customers/clients is preserved and the acceptance of proposals is facilitated. To this end, the systems involved (advice seekers, consultants, and observers enter a common process of alternately directed and non-directed communication. The RT is not only suitable to address communication problems in group work and other educational situations, but it can also help to consider the traditional teaching and learning processes in a reflective way. Reflecting teams can also significantly improve the feedback and quality of teaching and learning. The article deals with the use of RT in the context of the collective exchange of teaching staff with their students. It uses a problem as an evaluation form and learning instrument to reflect on their pedagogical approach and, at the same time, their relationship with students during the lessons. This is to present the RT method for collegial exchange (Process Flow: Advice-seeker, teacher, Interviewer, RT and their need for teacher reflection as well as the experience of self-efficacy (empowerment and self-sufficiency.

Análisis de los factores cognitivos que inciden en la toma de decisiones de inversión de los administradores financieros de la ciudad de Barranquilla

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José Luis Alcalá Villarreal

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La mayoría de los directores financieros admiten (Roa, 2010 que existe una gran laguna entre lo aprendido sobre finanzas corporativas en las distintas escuelas de negocios y lo puesto en práctica como ejecutivos. La explicación se encuentra resumida en tres conceptos clave: el sesgo, la estructuración y la heurística, los cuales en su conjunto permiten entender de mejor forma las finanzas conductuales. Es por ello que en este artículo de clasificación corto, producto de una entrega parcial de tesis doctoral, pretendemos abordar esta problemática desde lo conceptual de este campo, que aplica investigación científica desde lo cognitivo y emocional en términos de la toma de decisiones económicas y financieras, así como también la comprensión de la manera como los errores de razonamiento afectan las mismas. Los errores que surgen de esta toma de decisiones se conocen como errores cognitivos y vienen dados principalmente por los conceptos ya mencionados.

Implicatiile factorilor cognitivi şi de personalitate în luarea deciziilor – un model teoretico-explicativ

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Delia Vîrgă

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed to show the influence of cognitive and non-cognitive factors on decisional efficiency through the design of a theoretical-explicative model and by testing it against reality. This model reflects the link between cognitive variables, personality variables and decisional performance. The participants in this study (N=88 are managers in a IT&C company and have an average age of 32.3 years and a average working seniority of 8.6 years, 74.9% being males and 25.1 % being females. The instruments used were California Psychological Inventory (CPI 260 items form, a questionnaire for assessing the decisional style, a decision making questionnaire, decisional skills test (BTPAC, and Raven standard test, Plus form, a questionnaire for assessing cognitive complexity and Melbourne decision making questionnaire. In order to evaluate decisional performance I developed an behaviorally anchored scale. The evaluation of cognitive competencies, defined in behavioral terms like decision making performance and cognitive complexity, together with the personality dimensions, help us to select managers with an increased adaptive orientation to organizational change and a better decisional performance.

Inflación y su impacto en la lectura y análisis de estados financieros en la toma de decisiones

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Calderón, Karina Andrea

2015-01-01

I. INTRODUCCIÓN - II. METODOLOGÍA - 1) Estudio exploratorio bibliográfico sobre inflación y su impacto en los Estados Financieros y en la toma de decisiones - 2) Estudio exploratorio sobre la normativa contable vigente a nivel nacional e internacional referida al ajuste por pérdida del poder adquisitivo - 3) Identificación de los efectos de la inflación sobre la gestión empresarial - 4) Análisis de índices que permitan establecer la importancia de la implementación del ajuste por inflación. ...

Factores involucrados en el proceso de toma de decisiones en bibliotecas de tamaño medio y pequeño. Resultados del Proyecto Decimal

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Bosch, M.

1999-03-01

Full Text Available The article presents the research results of the DECIMAL European project. The aim of the project is to produce an integrated decision support module for library management systems used in small and medium size libraries. The quantitative and qualitative research carried out in United Kingdom, Italy and Spain has been based on a combination of different methods: literature review, interviews, questionnaires and discussion groups during both presentation workshops held. Two basic research lines are discerned: the first one involving the real use of performance measures and indicators in management and evaluation of the library activities, and also their potential interest in the case they have not been applied to the present, and the second one involving the type of decisions most frequantly made in libraries and the issues that influence decision-making process (information sources used, organizational culture, training, satisfaction level.
The article has been centered in the results obtained in Spanish libraries, but the general results are also mentioned in order to be compared. The conclusions of the study have resulted in the user requirement specification, as a first step in the design of the decision support module. The project has concluded with a prototype evaluation phase organised as an iterative testing of the prototypes and successive software modifications. The development of four versions of the module has resolved the problems identified earlier in the evaluation process.

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada en el marco del proyecto europeo DECIMAL, que tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un módulo integrado de soporte de la toma de decisiones para sistemas automatizados usados en bibliotecas pequeñas y medianas. La investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa llevada a cabo en el Reino Unido, Italia y España se ha basado en una combinación de diversos métodos: revisión de la literatura

CITIZEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE PROCESS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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FOTESCU VASILE

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The author reveals, in the article, the importance of transparency in the process of public administration. In the centre of attention is the citizen, who has the right to access information, the right to make his opinion known, and the right to take part in the decisional process. The citizen’s participation supposes the realization of four requirements: transparency of administra­tion, passing on the information, reception of information and the involvement of the citizen in the decisional act. Further is analysed the normative act: «The Law regarding transparency in the decisionalprocess» no 239-XV approved on 13.11.2008. The author suggests ways of improving it. There are revealed some of the recommendations mentioned in « The white Book of Good Governing» elaborated by the European Commission, where are discussed the basic principles, which should be respected by the public authorities, as well as the procedures of public consultation within the European Union. In conclusion the author considers that the Government of the Republic of Moldova has undertaken a series of complex activities regarding institutional transparency, but we cannot yet speak about a productive dialogue between the public autho­rities and citizens.

Reflective Processes: A Qualitative Study Exploring Early Learning Student Teacher Mentoring Experiences in Student Teaching Practicums

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Barnes, Michelle M.

2013-01-01

This doctoral thesis explored mentoring in early learning teacher preparation programs. This study explored the reflective processes embedded in the work between student teachers and their mentors during early learning student teacher experiences at Washington State community and technical colleges. Schon's (1987a) concepts of…

Deliberation before determination: the definition and evaluation of good decision making.

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Elwyn, Glyn; Miron-Shatz, Talya

2010-06-01

In this article, we examine definitions of suggested approaches to measure the concept of good decisions, highlight the ways in which they converge, and explain why we have concerns about their emphasis on post-hoc estimations and post-decisional outcomes, their prescriptive concept of knowledge, and their lack of distinction between the process of deliberation, and the act of decision determination. There has been a steady trend to involve patients in decision making tasks in clinical practice, part of a shift away from paternalism towards the concept of informed choice. An increased understanding of the uncertainties that exist in medicine, arising from a weak evidence base and, in addition, the stochastic nature of outcomes at the individual level, have contributed to shifting the responsibility for decision making from physicians to patients. This led to increasing use of decision support and communication methods, with the ultimate aim of improving decision making by patients. Interest has therefore developed in attempting to define good decision making and in the development of measurement approaches. We pose and reflect whether decisions can be judged good or not, and, if so, how this goodness might be evaluated. We hypothesize that decisions cannot be measured by reference to their outcomes and offer an alternative means of assessment, which emphasizes the deliberation process rather than the decision's end results. We propose decision making comprises a pre-decisional process and an act of decision determination and consider how this model of decision making serves to develop a new approach to evaluating what constitutes a good decision making process. We proceed to offer an alternative, which parses decisions into the pre-decisional deliberation process, the act of determination and post-decisional outcomes. Evaluating the deliberation process, we propose, should comprise of a subjective sufficiency of knowledge, as well as emotional processing and

IMPLICATIONS OF THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION IN THE HEALTH OF WORKERS: SOME REFLECTIONS

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Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The work represents a conscious activity of human beings, fruit of the effort to transform the nature of products or services. The industrial revolution and how the relationship of work organization are modified resulting consequences on the health of the worker. The purpose of this paper is to present some reflections on the implications of the production process on the health of workers, addressing the discussion of management models of work. Based in analyzes of studies it was found that the methods of analysis of the work contributed to better understanding of the implications of the production process on the health of workers. All types of studies proposed found that working conditions can lead to wear biopsychic employees, becoming the main component illness.

Implications of the process of production in the health of workers: some reflections

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Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The work represents a conscious activity of human beings, fruit of the effort to transform the nature of products or services. The industrial revolution and how the relationship of work organization are modified resulting consequences on the health of the worker. The purpose of this paper is to present some reflections on the implications of the production process on the health of workers, addressing the discussion of management models of work. Based in analyzes of studies it was found that the methods of analysis of the work contributed to better understanding of the implications of the production process on the health of workers. All types of studies proposed found that working conditions can lead to wear biopsychic employees, becoming the main component illness.

General Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands and the Reflected Appraisal Process.

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Verkuyten, Maykel

1988-01-01

Examined lack of differences in general self-esteem between adolescents of ethnic minorities and Dutch adolescents, focusing on reflected appraisal process. Found significant relationship between general self-esteem and perceived evaluation of family members (and no such relationship with nonfamily members) for ethnic minority adolescents;…

Access is mainly a second-order process: SDT models whether phenomenally (first-order) conscious states are accessed by reflectively (second-order) conscious processes.

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Snodgrass, Michael; Kalaida, Natasha; Winer, E Samuel

2009-06-01

Access can either be first-order or second-order. First order access concerns whether contents achieve representation in phenomenal consciousness at all; second-order access concerns whether phenomenally conscious contents are selected for metacognitive, higher order processing by reflective consciousness. When the optional and flexible nature of second-order access is kept in mind, there remain strong reasons to believe that exclusion failure can indeed isolate phenomenally conscious stimuli that are not so accessed. Irvine's [Irvine, E. (2009). Signal detection theory, the exclusion failure paradigm and weak consciousness-Evidence for the access/phenomenal distinction? Consciousness and Cognition.] partial access argument fails because exclusion failure is indeed due to lack of second-order access, not insufficient phenomenally conscious information. Further, the enable account conforms with both qualitative differences and subjective report, and is simpler than the endow account. Finally, although first-order access may be a distinct and important process, second-order access arguably reflects the core meaning of access generally.

Evaluating the outcomes and processes of a research-action partnership: The need for continuous reflective evaluation

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Chantal Taylor

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld (KZNSS Research Programme is part of a collaborative, transdisciplinary research partnership between the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the eThekwini Municipality (EM, aimed at bridging the science-policy-practice gap. The research programme focuses on generating knowledge and capacity to support local land-use planning, management and policy development related to biodiversity and climate change issues. Objectives: The objectives were (1 to describe how a continuous reflective evaluation approach helped to better understand the research programme and its outcomes; and (2 to assess research outputs and outcomes, relevance of outcomes to the requirements of EM, and participants’ perceptions of the programme (both the outcomes and the process. Methods: The evaluation took a mixed methods approach, combining various quantitative and qualitative methods such as anonymous individual questionnaires, reflective exercises and group reflections. Results: The KZNSS programme was successful in capacity building and establishing a long-term partnership, but had lower scientific publication output and practice uptake than expected. Participants’ perceptions changed over time, with a decrease in the perceived success of addressing tangible research outcomes, and an increase in the perceived success of collaborative relationships in the partnership. Conclusion: Transdisciplinary partnerships can be a means of integrating research into policy and practice through knowledge exchange. An important lesson in the early stages of this partnership was to pay attention to the process and not only the outputs. The study highlights the importance of continuous participatory reflection and evaluation in such partnerships.

An information processing/associative learning account of behavioral disinhibition in externalizing psychopathology.

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Endres, Michael J; Donkin, Chris; Finn, Peter R

2014-04-01

Externalizing psychopathology (EXT) is associated with low executive working memory (EWM) capacity and problems with inhibitory control and decision-making; however, the specific cognitive processes underlying these problems are not well known. This study used a linear ballistic accumulator computational model of go/no-go associative-incentive learning conducted with and without a working memory (WM) load to investigate these cognitive processes in 510 young adults varying in EXT (lifetime problems with substance use, conduct disorder, ADHD, adult antisocial behavior). High scores on an EXT factor were associated with low EWM capacity and higher scores on a latent variable reflecting the cognitive processes underlying disinhibited decision-making (more false alarms, faster evidence accumulation rates for false alarms [vFA], and lower scores on a Response Precision Index [RPI] measure of information processing efficiency). The WM load increased disinhibited decision-making, decisional uncertainty, and response caution for all subjects. Higher EWM capacity was associated with lower scores on the latent disinhibited decision-making variable (lower false alarms, lower vFAs and RPI scores) in both WM load conditions. EWM capacity partially mediated the association between EXT and disinhibited decision-making under no-WM load, and completely mediated this association under WM load. The results underline the role that EWM has in associative-incentive go/no-go learning and indicate that common to numerous types of EXT are impairments in the cognitive processes associated with the evidence accumulation-evaluation-decision process. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

A Pulmonary Rehabilitation Decisional Score to Define Priority Access for COPD Patients

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Michele Vitacca

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This retrospective study aimed to evaluate, through an ad hoc 17-item tool, the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Decisional Score (PRDS, the priority access to PR prescription by respiratory specialists. The PRDS, scoring functional, clinical, disability, frailty, and participation parameters from 0 = low priority to 34 = very high priority for PR access, was retrospectively calculated on 124 specialist reports sent to the GP of subjects (aged 71±11 years, FEV1%  51±17 consecutively admitted to our respiratory outpatient clinic. From the specialist’s report the final subject’s allocation could be low priority (LP (>60 days, high priority (HP (30–60 days, or very high priority (VHP (<30 days to rehabilitation. The PRDS calculation showed scores significantly higher in VHP versus LP (p<0.001 and significantly different between HP and VHP (p<0.001. Comparing the specialist’s allocation decision and priority choice based on PRDS cut-offs, PR prescription was significantly more appropriate in VHP than in HP (p=0.016. Specialists underprescribed PR in 49% of LP cases and overprescribed it in 46% and 30% of the HP and VHP prescriptions, respectively. A multicomprehensive score is feasible being useful for staging the clinical priorities for PR prescription and facilitating sustainability of the health system.

Funciones de la corteza prefrontal ventromedial en la toma de decisiones emocionales

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David Contreras

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La corteza prefrontal ventromedial (VMPFC ha sido implicada en la toma de decisiones emocionales debido a su posible participación en el aprendizaje de inversión afectivo, la propensión al riesgo y la impulsividad. Su especial entramado de conexiones con otras áreas de la corteza y con estructuras subcorticales como la amígdala justifican que pueda tener un papel de interfase entre cognición y emoción, y desempeñar una función fundamental en la regulación y el control del comportamiento. En este trabajo revisamos estudios realizados con la tarea de apuestas de Iowa, tareas de aprendizaje de inversión afectivo, tareas de apuestas con diferente varianza para medir la propensión al riesgo y tareas que introducen demora temporal de la recompensa para evaluar la impulsividad. Los datos obtenidos en esos trabajos con pacientes lesionados en la VMPFC o en otras áreas prefrontales y controles no lesionados, y datos conductuales y de actividad cerebral pueden interpretarse mejor si asumimos que la VMPFC está encargada de representar la expectativa de refuerzo. La representación de un reforzador esperado incluye la demora del reforzador, y la varianza de su magnitud.

Feedback providing improvement strategies and reflection on feedback use: Effects on students' writing motivation, process, and performance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Duijnhouwer, H.; Prins, F.J.; Stokking, K.M.

2012-01-01

This study investigated the effects of feedback providing improvement strategies and a reflection assignment on students’ writing motivation, process, and performance. Students in the experimental feedback condition (n = 41) received feedback including improvement strategies, whereas students in the

Influencia de un programa de supervisión reflexiva sobre la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto

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Dami\\u00E1n Iglesias Gallego

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia de un programa de supervisión reflexiva sobre la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en baloncesto en situación real de competición. En el estudio participaron un total de 12 jugadores infantiles de baloncesto pertenecientes a un equipo de las categorías de formación de un club A.C.B., y estructurados en un grupo experimental (n = 6 y un grupo control (n = 6. La intervención llevada a cabo se orientó hacia la mejora de la selección de la respuesta, y consistió en el visionado y análisis de acciones de pase durante 11 sesiones individuales post-partido que mantenían el supervisor y cada uno de los jugadores. Los resultados han mostrado que los sujetos pertenecientes al grupo experimental mejoraron de forma significativa el porcentaje de acierto en la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en situación real de juego.

Supporting Reflective Practices in Social Change Processes with the Dynamic Learning Agenda: An Example of Learning about the Process towards Disability Inclusive Development

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van Veen, Saskia C.; de Wildt-Liesveld, Renée; Bunders, Joske F. G.; Regeer, Barbara J.

2014-01-01

Change processes are increasingly seen as the solution to entrenched (social) problems. However, change is difficult to realise while dealing with multiple actors, values, and approaches. (Inter)organisational learning is seen as a way to facilitate reflective practices in social change that support emergent changes, vicarious learning, and…

Factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico

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Josnel Martínez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tiene por objetivo identificar los factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico del estado Zulia. Desde el punto de vista teórico, los principales autores citados son David (2008, Hitt y otros (2004 y Hill y Jones (1996. Metodológicamente, es de tipología descriptiva con un diseño de campo-no experimental y transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por las siete (7 farmacias inscritas y activas en el Registro Municipal de la Alcaldía Bolivariana del municipio Jesús Enrique Lossada – estado Zulia, al mes de mayo de 2015. Se utilizó el cuestionario estructurado como instrumento de recolección de datos aplicado a los gerentes generales, quienes fueron las unidades informantes; el mismo fue validado por cinco (5 expertos y el nivel de confiabilidad aplicando el Alpha-Cronbach, que fue de 0,89. Los resultados evidencian que los factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico del estado Zulia son: la inflación, la escasez, la fluctuación de precios, el patrón de consumo y la tendencia del desempleo (dentro de los factores económicos; los hábitos de compra (dentro de los factores sociales, culturales, demográficas y ambientales; la política monetaria y la política fiscal (dentro de los factores políticas gubernamentales y legales; los avances en la tecnología (dentro de los factores tecnológicos y las debilidades en la cartera de productos ofertados por la competencia (dentro de los factores competitivos.

Una aplicación de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el costeo de maquinarias de cosecha forestal

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Eduardo Acuña

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Desde hace años las empresas forestales y en especial las que prestan servicios de cosecha forestal han implementado la computación como una herramienta de trabajo, esto ha permitido automatizar la toma de decisiones. El propósito de esta práctica es lograr que el sector forestal siga siendo competitivo a nivel internacional, para tal objetivo se hace necesario optimizar las diferentes actividades que participan en la producción forestal. Los costos asociados a la faena de cosecha forestal son los de mayor incidencia dentro de los planes operativos, por ello es importante tener conocimiento de sus efectos reales en el cálculo de las tarifas. El trabajo realizado consistió en desarrollar un software de aplicación y consulta para la estructuración y tarifa a cobrar para una faena de cosecha forestal mecanizada, desarrollado en el lenguaje de programación Visual Basic. SICOFOR 1.0.1 al ser comparado con otras planillas de cálculo como por ejemplo las desarrolladas en Microsoft Excel entrega una mayor facilidad de trabajo, permite actualizar las bases de datos de la maquinaria a utilizar, personal, administración e implementación de trabajo para cada sistema de aprovechamiento, además entrega detalladamente la tarifa a cobrar. Aunque realmente los que fijan las tarifas de los diferentes servicios son las empresas demandantes de los servicios, el desarrollo del programa como herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones, sigue siendo útil para comparar la tarifa que la empresa forestal mandante ofrece y los costos reales del servicio de cosecha, para tomar la decisión de aceptar o desestimar el negocio.

Herramienta informática como apoyo en la toma de decisiones en proyectos de agua y saneamiento en comunidades indígenas

OpenAIRE

VILLEGAS GONZÁLEZ, PAULA ANDREA; OBREGÓN NEIRA, NELSON; LARA BORRERO, JAIME ANDRÉS; MÉNDEZ FAJARDO, SANDRA; VARGAS LUNA, ANDRÉS

2010-01-01

Esta investigación propone una nueva metodología, generando no solo nuevos modelos conceptuales si no también una nueva herramienta informática para la toma de decisiones en proyectos de agua y saneamiento en comunidades indígenas. Específicamente se incorporan herramientas tales como: árboles de decisión, opiniones difusas y encapsulamiento de conocimiento experto. La metodología incluye además del diseño conceptual del modelo a desarrollar, encuestas e investigación de campo y la programaci...

El Perfeccionamiento de la gestión ambiental desde el análisis de riesgo para la toma eficiente de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Merayo Rodríguez; Oscar Santiago Barzaga Sablón

2010-01-01

Se aborda la gestión ambiental y su articulación con la gestión de riesgo y la vulnerabilidad, como herramientas para la toma efectiva de decisiones, en la que se realizó un análisis de la evolución relacionada con la percepción de los problemas ambientales y su relación con la gestión ambiental, teniendo como punto de partida los diferentes paradigmas económicos que fueron marcando los distintos momentos de su desarrollo hasta la actualidad. Se presenta como resultado del estudio, una reform...

Una aproximación a la planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre

OpenAIRE

FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA, GIOVANNI; BRANCH BEDOYA, JOHN WILLIAN; JARAMILLO ÁLVAREZ, PATRICIA

2011-01-01

En este artículo se presenta en primer lugar una descripción del proceso de planeamiento minero desde un punto de vista clásico y su relación con los actuales procesos de planeamiento minero que tienen como base la optimización en sus diferentes etapas. Seguidamente, se realiza un acercamiento a los procesos de planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de los artículos encontrados clasificándolos...

Diseño e implantación de un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones basado en el modelo de transporte

OpenAIRE

Yacuzzi, Enrique; Rodríguez, Víctor M.

2002-01-01

Se presenta el diseño y la implantación del SPT (Sistema de Producción y Transporte), un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones (DSS) basado en el modelo de transporte. Fue construido para una empresa argentina de cemento que abastece a sus clientes desde varias plantas industriales y está estructurado sobre el Optimat, un software comercial. Se lo utiliza con éxito en la planificación operativa y en la decisión de las políticas empresariales, tanto estratégicas como tácticas. El proyecto da gran ...

Las decisiones públicas en la gobernabilidad democrática. El caso del gobierno panista en Nuevo León

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Laura Nelly Medellín Mendoza

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el gobierno del Partido Acción Nacional en Nuevo León (1997-2003, se presentaron dificultades para fijar un espacio de deliberación democrática específicamente en las políticas de desarrollo urbano. Esto ocasionó la activación en la esfera pública de organizaciones de la sociedad civil como la Asociación de Vecinos y Comerciantes de la avenida Venustiano Carranza y la Alianza por San Pedro. Los casos, aunque tuvieron una trayectoria distinta, muestran la importancia de conceder un ejercicio deliberativo en las decisiones públicas para la sustentabilidad de una gobernabilidad democrática .

Una revisión al estado del arte de la integración de toma de decisiones en la red logística

OpenAIRE

Cesar Augusto Pineda Pérez; César Amilcar López Bello

2013-01-01

El presente artículo es resultado de la investigación del proyecto titulado “Integración de Toma de decisiones en la red logística” y comprende la revisión del estado del arte en el cual se identifica el concepto de integración en la cadena de suministro, los tipos de integración, mecanismos de integración, herramientas de integración, estrategias de integración y final-mente los beneficios y las medidas de rendimiento.

Practical research on junior high school mathematics about students' learning processes : using 'reflective sheet' (the Math Journal) et al.

OpenAIRE

吉岡, 睦美; 重松, 敬一

2015-01-01

In this paper, we discuss the case study of mathematics education for Junior High School students' learning processes focusing students' metacognition and knowledge using 'Reflective Sheet' (the Math Journal) et al.. The metacognition is rather than direct action on the environment and the perception that target cognitive function and cognitive recognition of that, and say what happens in the mind. Especially, we use Reflective Sheet which is formed to check students' cognitive and metacognit...

Students’ Learning through Reflective Journaling

OpenAIRE

Alvyda Liuolienė; Regina Metiūnienė

2011-01-01

The aim of the article is to get acquainted with the types of journals used in education to help students to learn. The paper presents some ways of fostering student’s learning through reflective journaling. It also describes the key aspects of a new method ARRIVE cycle in connection with teachers preparation to use reflective journals in a classroom. The article also presents self-assessment in reflective journaling and students’ need to self-evaluate their learning process. Reflective journ...

Feedback Providing Improvement Strategies and Reflection on Feedback Use: Effects on Students' Writing Motivation, Process, and Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Duijnhouwer, Hendrien; Prins, Frans J.; Stokking, Karel M.

2012-01-01

This study investigated the effects of feedback providing improvement strategies and a reflection assignment on students' writing motivation, process, and performance. Students in the experimental feedback condition (n = 41) received feedback including improvement strategies, whereas students in the control feedback condition (n = 41) received…

La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta FRAILE

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo discute y compara dos lógicas explicativas del comportamiento electoral: el voto por resultados y el voto ideológico. En concreto, el trabajo pone a prueba uno de los principales supuestos de ambas teorías: que las reglas que guían las decisiones de voto de los ciudadanos son las mismas independientemente de su nivel de interés, conocimiento e información sobre los temas políticos. Para ello se analiza material empírico proveniente de encuestas postelectorales en cuatro democracias: España, Portugal, Hungría y Polonia. Los datos pertenecen al segundo módulo del programa de Estudio Comparado de Sistemas Electorales (CSES, 2005, que contiene información sobre el comportamiento electoral y el conocimiento político de los ciudadanos. Los resultados apuntan a que mientras la influencia del conocimiento político en la lógica del voto por resultados es clara y contundente, resulta mucho menos concluyente en el caso del voto ideológico. Todo ello sugiere que el control democrático de los gobiernos a través de la sanción de su rendimiento requiere unos niveles mínimos de conocimiento e información sobre la política por parte de la ciudadanía.

Decisional procrastination of school-to-work transition: Personality correlates of career indecision

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Bańka Augustyn

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Procrastination as putting off until tomorrow what one had intended to do today is well-known tendency in everyday life. In an attempt to understand the character of procrastination in different life-domains, a large body of research has been accumulated over the last decades. This article was aimed to evaluate a specific decisional procrastination of school-to-work transition (SWT that is treated as maturity postponement. Two studies are reported examining SWT procrastination defined as career indecision among Polish students graduating universities. In Study 1 (N=366, attitudinal and identity statuses were analyzed as correlates of career procrastination. A path analysis conducted for the model, which was aimed to explain the influence of career self-efficacy and occupational commitment on career indecision (dependent variable, revealed its very good fitness (RMSEA=.000. Those two independent variables explain 10% of career indecision variance. Stepwise multiple regression analyses conducted to ascertain relationship of five identity statuses (Brzezińska, Piotrowski, 2010 to procrastination measure (career indecision showed that Commitment Making and Ruminative Exploration are strongest predictor variables. In study 2 (N=157, the stepwise multiple regression analyses conducted to ascertain the independent relationship of each of Big Five personality factor revealed that Neuroticism and Extraversion accounts of the most of explained variance of school-to-work transition procrastination.

Relationship of depression and anxiety to cancer patients' medical decision-making.

Science.gov (United States)

Petersen, Suni; Schwartz, Robert C; Sherman-Slate, Elisabeth; Frost, Hanna; Straub, Jamie L; Damjanov, Nevena

2003-10-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of depression and anxiety to cancer patients' medical decision-making. Participants were 79 rural and urban cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The four decisional styles of the Decisional Processing Model were the independent variables. Dependent variables were anxiety and depression, measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety and the Center for Disease Control Depression Scale, respectively. Consistent with the Decisional Processing Model, analysis suggested that patients make medical decisions by information seeking, information processing, advice following, or ruminating. Decisional style did not vary according to type or stage of cancer, prognosis, time elapsed since initial diagnosis, or whether cancer was initial or recurrent. Decisional style did not systematically vary with depression and anxiety suggesting how a person makes decisions is a stable personality trait. Thus, decision-making may follow a cognitive schema. It is likely that patients' decisional styles help to manage anxiety and depression when confronted with life-threatening illness. Implications for informed consent and patients' involvement in decision-making are discussed.

Toma de decisiones compartidas y medicina mínimamente impertinente en el manejo de las enfermedades crónicas

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Claudia Zeballos-Palacios

Full Text Available Las enfermedades crónicas son la causa más importante de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Estas condiciones requieren considerable inversión de tiempo y recursos por parte del sistema de salud en el Perú, así como de los pacientes y sus familiares. Paradójicamente, las estrategias médicas desarrolladas para el manejo de estas condiciones generan una carga constante y creciente para el paciente y su entorno, que repercute en la calidad de vida del paciente y en los resultados terapéuticos. En este artículo describimos el rol de la toma de decisiones compartidas y de la medicina mínimamente impertinente como estrategias para abordar estos problemas

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy study of radiation-heterogeneous processes in the system of aluminum-hexane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadzhieva, N.N.; Rimikhanova, A.N.; Garibov, A.A.

2004-01-01

Full text: Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) was applied to study the regularities of radiation conversion of hexane on the surface of aluminum. The research object was the thin polished aluminum plate by mark of AD-00 with reflection coefficient R=0.8†0.85 in infrared range λ=2.2†15 μ . As adsorbate unsaturated vapors of spectroscopy clear hexane were used. The absorption of hexane (C 2 H 14 ) was being studied manometric at pressures P=(0.1†1.0)·10 2 Pa , what corresponded to monolayer value of 1-10. The samples were irradiated with γ-quanta of 60 Co with D=1.03 Gy·s -1 doze rate. Infrared reflection spectrum when linear-polarized radiation fall on the sample under angle ψ=10 o was measured by spectrophotometer 'Specord 71 JR' in diapason of 4000-650cm -1 at the temperature by mean of special reflecting arrangements. Formation of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and other gaseous products of decomposition were controlled by chromotographical and infrared spectroscopical methods. The analysis of hexane infrared absorption spectra after radiation-stimulated adsorption on the surface of aluminum, points out the formation of H-bonded hydrocarbon complex ( ν∼2680cm -1 ) with much loosening of C-H bond (the molecular form of absorption) and the possibility of proceeding dissociative absorption with formation of metal-alkyls (ν∼2880, 2920, 2970 cm -1 ). Probability of the last mentioned process, which proceeds in the most defective centers, increases with increasing of γ-radiation doze. It was established that the radiation processes in hetero system Al-ads.C 6 H 14 accelerate the radiolysis of hexane. At all these the radiation decomposition of hexane in hetero system Al-ads.C 6 H 14 is accompanied by formation the surface hydrides (ν∼1700-2000 cm -1 ), acetylene (ν∼3200-3300 cm -1 ), ethylene (ν∼980 cm -1 ), and also gaseous products of molecular hydrogen decomposition (H 2 ) and hydrocarbons C 1 -C 5 (bands with maxima 770, 790

Automated Decisional Model for Optimum Economic Order Quantity Determination Using Price Regressive Rates

Science.gov (United States)

Roşu, M. M.; Tarbă, C. I.; Neagu, C.

2016-11-01

The current models for inventory management are complementary, but together they offer a large pallet of elements for solving complex problems of companies when wanting to establish the optimum economic order quantity for unfinished products, row of materials, goods etc. The main objective of this paper is to elaborate an automated decisional model for the calculus of the economic order quantity taking into account the price regressive rates for the total order quantity. This model has two main objectives: first, to determine the periodicity when to be done the order n or the quantity order q; second, to determine the levels of stock: lighting control, security stock etc. In this way we can provide the answer to two fundamental questions: How much must be ordered? When to Order? In the current practice, the business relationships with its suppliers are based on regressive rates for price. This means that suppliers may grant discounts, from a certain level of quantities ordered. Thus, the unit price of the products is a variable which depends on the order size. So, the most important element for choosing the optimum for the economic order quantity is the total cost for ordering and this cost depends on the following elements: the medium price per units, the stock cost, the ordering cost etc.

Decisional role preferences, risk knowledge and information interests in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Heesen, Christoph; Kasper, Jürgen; Segal, Julia; Köpke, Sascha; Mühlhauser, Ingrid

2004-12-01

Shared decision making is increasingly recognized as the ideal model of patient-physician communication especially in chronic diseases with partially effective treatments as multiple sclerosis (MS). To evaluate prerequisite factors for this kind of decision making we studied patients' decisional role preferences in medical decision making, knowledge on risks, information interests and the relations between these factors in MS. After conducting focus groups to generate hypotheses, 219 randomly selected patients from the MS Outpatient Clinic register (n = 1374) of the University Hospital Hamburg received mailed questionnaires on their knowledge of risks in MS, their perception of their own level of knowledge, information interests and role preferences. Most patients (79%) indicated that they preferred an active role in treatment decisions giving the shared decision and the informed choice model the highest priority. MS risk knowledge was low but questionnaire results depended on disease course, disease duration and ongoing immune therapy. Measured knowledge as well as perceived knowledge was only weakly correlated with preferences of active roles. Major information interests were related to symptom alleviation, diagnostic procedures and prognosis. Patients with MS claimed autonomous roles in their health care decisions. The weak correlation between knowledge and preferences for active roles implicates that other factors largely influence role preferences.

Developmental prosopagnosia and super-recognition: no special role for surface reflectance processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, Richard; Chatterjee, Garga; Nakayama, Ken

2012-01-01

Face recognition by normal subjects depends in roughly equal proportions on shape and surface reflectance cues, while object recognition depends predominantly on shape cues. It is possible that developmental prosopagnosics are deficient not in their ability to recognize faces per se, but rather in their ability to use reflectance cues. Similarly, super-recognizers' exceptional ability with face recognition may be a result of superior surface reflectance perception and memory. We tested this possibility by administering tests of face perception and face recognition in which only shape or reflectance cues are available to developmental prosopagnosics, super-recognizers, and control subjects. Face recognition ability and the relative use of shape and pigmentation were unrelated in all the tests. Subjects who were better at using shape or reflectance cues were also better at using the other type of cue. These results do not support the proposal that variation in surface reflectance perception ability is the underlying cause of variation in face recognition ability. Instead, these findings support the idea that face recognition ability is related to neural circuits using representations that integrate shape and pigmentation information. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Política de autogestión hospitalaria en Chile: percepciones de los tomadores de decisiones Hospital self-management policy in Chile: perceptions of decision-makers

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Claudio A. Méndez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones de los tomadores de decisiones respecto de la etapa de implementación de la política de autogestión hospitalaria en dos hospitales de alta complejidad del sur de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a tomadores de decisiones de los hospitales Regional de la ciudad de Valdivia y San José de la ciudad de Osorno, durante el período de agosto de 2010 a diciembre de 2011. Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 26 tomadores de decisiones. Las 26 entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas en forma literal. El análisis de la información se hizo utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido, en su aproximación inductiva. RESULTADOS: Para los entrevistados, la conceptualización de la autogestión está determinada por la autonomía para la toma de decisiones respecto de la asignación de recursos y el financiamiento de la provisión de servicios de salud en las instituciones hospitalarias. También manifestaron que para mejorar la etapa de implementación se deben incluir políticas de recursos humanos y de financiamiento de la función de provisión de servicios de salud. A las debilidades, por su parte, las relacionaron con la ausencia de capacidades organizacionales y competencias gerenciales de los equipos de salud para la implementación de los cambios. CONCLUSIONES: La política de autogestión hospitalaria es conceptualizada desde la autonomía financiera, y su implementación está determinada por las brechas de capacidad que persisten en el diseño de la política.OBJECTIVE: To learn the perceptions of decision-makers concerning the imple­men­t­ation stage of a hospital self-management policy in two highly complex hospitals in southern Chile. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study based on semi-structured in-depth interviews of decision-makers at the Regional Hospital of Valdivia

Observatorios de convivencia y seguridad ciudadana: herramientas para la toma de decisiones y gobernabilidad

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Gabriela Sánchez-Rentería

Full Text Available La necesidad de gobernabilidad para generar desarrollo en los países, se ha venido convirtiendo en foco de interés de los gobiernos. América Latina cuenta con sistemas políticos en crisis de gobernabilidad, dada la incapacidad de los actores estratégicos para resolver los conflictos basándose en reglas y procedimientos establecidos. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo la creación de sistemas de vigilancia en violencia (observatorios contribuye al fortalecimiento de la gobernabilidad y a la generación de políticas públicas efectivas. Se realizó un análisis de los componentes necesarios para la existencia de gobernabilidad y su relación con el papel que cumplen los observatorios para proporcionar información confiable, oportuna y representativa. La gobernabilidad se enriquece con la legitimidad otorgada por la ciudadanía a partir de los resultados de los gobiernos, en la formulación, implementación, evaluación de políticas públicas y la toma de decisiones en salud pública basadas en evidencia.

Relaciones de poder y estructura de decisiones del gremio cafetero colombiano: La Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia, FEDERACAFE, y el Fondo Nacional del Café

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Francisco Rodríguez Vargas

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta información sobre la estructura de centros de decisión de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia, organización que se ha destacado en la economía y la sociedad colombianas durante setenta años, así como el mecanismo institucional esencial para su desarrollo como es el Fondo Nacional del Café, cuyos ingresos provienen de las tasas parafiscales que el Estado ha impuesto a los cafeteros por su producto estratégico de exportación. La perspectiva del estudio relaciona la interacción de las instituciones constituidas por leyes, decretos, normas, tanto del gobierno como de las regiones y de los municipios en donde se lleva a cabo la producción y comercialización del café. La cogestión de los impuestos corporativos del Fondo Nacional del Café toca las fronteras entre la gestión pública que responde al interés nacional y la gestión social privada de una asociación exitosa de profesionales agrícolas que responde a los intereses particulares de los productores. La estrategia de los dirigentes cafeteros ha sido guardar su autonomía organizacional de defensa de los intereses de sus asociados frente al gobierno por la vía de influir sobre las decisiones públicas como su aliado y nunca como su contradictor. La permanencia de sus directivos, la centralización de decisiones estratégicas, la descentralización operativa y su capacidad técnica para el manejo de la información nacional e internacional sobre su socio en la cogestión del Fondo Nacional de Cafeteros, por tanto, han ganado la capacidad de manejarse a sí mismo, es decir, su autonomía y capacidad de autogestión de sus decisiones.

Re-thinking reflection in supervision

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lystbæk, Christian Tang

The paper presents a socio-cultural perspective on supervision in professional education, which challenges the current reflective paradigm and move the debate on reflection in supervision in professional education and learning towards a recognition of context, power dynamics and ideological...... of reflective practice has been formalized by regulatory bodies as a way to develop the professionalism of both individual professional practitioners as students through continuing professional developmental processes. Consequently, reflection is often used as a `tool´ for personal and professional development...... al., 2010). This conceptual paper presents a critical, socio-cultural perspective on the current paradigm or dogma of reflective practice within supervision in professional education and learning. The purpose I to challenge the dogma and critically to analyze and move the debate on reflection...

Game theory approach in decisional process of energy management for industrial sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aplak, H. Soner; Sogut, M. Ziya

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Decision-making process of the industry and the environment are evaluated in a game theoretic approach. • Industry and environment are considered as two players to find optimal strategies in governing energy policy. • Industry plays its renewable energy usage strategy. • Environment prefers to execute its protection reflex strategy for survivability and sustainability. • The industry’s insistence on the use of fossil fuels will forward strategy for the environment of uncertainty. - Abstract: Intensive energy consuming industrial sectors are the most important actors on global climate change which natural habitat and the environment faced. In this study, by the scope of energy management, decision-making process of the industry and the environment are evaluated in a game theoretic approach. Industry and environment are considered as two players which have conflicting objectives and try to find optimal strategies in governing energy policy. According to concept of study, while industry tries to maintain the sustainability of production with the strategies of fossil fuel, renewable energies, energy recovery and nuclear energy usage, environment exhibits reactive approach to ensure its sustainability. In the flow of study, players’ strategies are analyzed by using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods and by calculating performance efficiency values of strategies, game payoff matrix is obtained. Finally, optimal strategies are found for both industry and environment in orienting their energy policy and results are evaluated. According to results of the payoff matrix, the equilibrium point is the cell (2, 1) with the values of 0.5324 and 0.5619. This implies that the environment develops protective reflexes for sustainable nature in case of using renewable energy in industry

Dry etching technologies for reflective multilayer

Science.gov (United States)

Iino, Yoshinori; Karyu, Makoto; Ita, Hirotsugu; Kase, Yoshihisa; Yoshimori, Tomoaki; Muto, Makoto; Nonaka, Mikio; Iwami, Munenori

2012-11-01

We have developed a highly integrated methodology for patterning Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) mask, which has been highlighted for the lithography technique at the 14nm half-pitch generation and beyond. The EUV mask is characterized as a reflective-type mask which is completely different compared with conventional transparent-type of photo mask. And it requires not only patterning of absorber layer without damaging the underlying multi reflective layers (40 Si/Mo layers) but also etching multi reflective layers. In this case, the dry etch process has generally faced technical challenges such as the difficulties in CD control, etch damage to quartz substrate and low selectivity to the mask resist. Shibaura Mechatronics ARESTM mask etch system and its optimized etch process has already achieved the maximal etch performance at patterning two-layered absorber. And in this study, our process technologies of multi reflective layers will be evaluated by means of optimal combination of process gases and our optimized plasma produced by certain source power and bias power. When our ARES™ is used for multilayer etching, the user can choose to etch the absorber layer at the same time or etch only the multilayer.

Comunicación dialogada en la toma de decisiones informadas en la atención estomatológica Dialogue communication in the informed decision making in dental care

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Grisel Zacca González

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Para alcanzar la calidad en la atención estomatológica, debe lograrse una interrelación entre el profesional y el individuo, en que este último tenga responsabilidad y autonomía en el proceso. Para esto es imprescindible que el estomatólogo desarrolle habilidades en la comunicación. En este trabajo nos proponemos sensibilizar a los estomatólogos sobre la importancia de la comunicación dialogada para la toma de decisiones informadas en la atención estomatológica.To attain quality in dental care, there must be an interrelation between the professional and the individual, in which the latter has responsibility and autonomy in the process. To this end, it is indispensable that the dentist develops communication skills. In this paper, we propose ourselves to sensitize dentists to the importance of the dialogue communication to make informed decisions in dental care.

Thinking and writing at Masters level: a reflective passage.

Science.gov (United States)

Fowler, John

This article identifies key characteristics of Masters level writing and the underpinning relationship of these characteristics to reflective thought. Classical models of reflective writing are reviewed and their focus on reflection as a progressive process is debated. A linear model of reflection is proposed and its application to reflective writing for Masters level assessments is examined. The classical authors tend to present reflection as a process in which the outcomes of reflection becomes deeper at advanced levels. While this is an appropriate application of the concept of reflection for the traditional academic essay, it might not always be so appropriate for other more applied aspects of thinking and writing particularly in the development of advanced nursing practice. A linear model of reflective writing which offers a more pragmatic perspective on reflection is developed.

Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico y principios bioéticos en la toma de decisiones

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Gilberto de Jesús Betancourt Betancourt

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio de los principios básicos o tradicionales de la bioética y su influencia en la práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, como condicionante que favorece su aplicación en los pacientes en estado terminal. Se aborda la necesidad de una bioética no importada de otros países, que se corresponda a las características de la realidad latinoamericana y a cada contexto sociocultural. El trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental resaltar la importancia de estos principios básicos en la discusión ético-clínica para la toma de decisiones, a partir de una bioética que se corresponda a la realidad de los sistemas imperantes.

Reflect and learn together - when two supervisors interact in the learning support process of nurse education.

Science.gov (United States)

Berglund, Mia; Sjögren, Reet; Ekebergh, Margaretha

2012-03-01

To describe the importance of supervisors working together in supporting the learning process of nurse students through reflective caring science supervision. A supervision model has been developed in order to meet the need for interweaving theory and practice. The model is characterized by learning reflection in caring science. A unique aspect of the present project was that the student groups were led by a teacher and a nurse. Data were collected through interviews with the supervisors. The analysis was performed with a phenomenological approach. The results showed that theory and practice can be made more tangible and interwoven by using two supervisors in a dual supervision. The essential structure is built on the constituents 'Reflection as Learning Support', 'Interweaving Caring Science with the Patient's Narrative', 'The Student as a Learning Subject' and 'The Learning Environment of Supervision'. The study concludes that supervision in pairs provides unique possibilities for interweaving and developing theory and practice. The supervision model offers unique opportunities for cooperation, for the development of theory and practice and for the development of the professional roll of nurses and teachers. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An exploration of decision aid effectiveness: the impact of promoting affective vs. deliberative processing on a health-related decision.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Esther L; McCaffery, Kirsten; Mullan, Barbara; Juraskova, Ilona

2015-12-01

Decision aids (DAs) are non-directive communication tools that help patients make value-consistent health-care decisions. However, most DAs have been developed without an explicit theoretical framework, resulting in a lack of understanding of how DAs achieve outcomes. To investigate the effect of promoting affective vs. deliberative processing on DA effectiveness based on dual-process theory. One hundred and forty-eight female university students participated in a randomized controlled experiment with three conditions: emotion-focused, information-focused and control. Preference-value consistency, knowledge, decisional conflict and satisfaction were compared across the conditions using planned contrast analyses. The intervention comprised two different DAs and instructional manipulations. The emotion-focused condition received a modified DA with affective content and instructions to induce an affective reaction. The information-focused and control conditions received the same DA without the affective content. The information-focused condition received additional instructions to induce deliberative processing. Controlling for the experiment-wise error rate at P processing may hinder value-consistent decision making, while deliberative processing may enhance decisional satisfaction. This investigation of the effect of affective and deliberative processes in DA-supported decision making has implications for the design and use of DAs. DA effectiveness may be enhanced by incorporating a simple instruction to focus on the details of the information. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Students’ Learning through Reflective Journaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvyda Liuolienė

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of the article is to get acquainted with the types of journals used in education to help students to learn. The paper presents some ways of fostering student’s learning through reflective journaling. It also describes the key aspects of a new method ARRIVE cycle in connection with teachers preparation to use reflective journals in a classroom. The article also presents self-assessment in reflective journaling and students’ need to self-evaluate their learning process. Reflective journaling as central to students’ self-evaluation is described as a means of fostering metacognition.

Neural activity associated with self-reflection.

Science.gov (United States)

Herwig, Uwe; Kaffenberger, Tina; Schell, Caroline; Jäncke, Lutz; Brühl, Annette B

2012-05-24

Self-referential cognitions are important for self-monitoring and self-regulation. Previous studies have addressed the neural correlates of self-referential processes in response to or related to external stimuli. We here investigated brain activity associated with a short, exclusively mental process of self-reflection in the absence of external stimuli or behavioural requirements. Healthy subjects reflected either on themselves, a personally known or an unknown person during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The reflection period was initialized by a cue and followed by photographs of the respective persons (perception of pictures of oneself or the other person). Self-reflection, compared with reflecting on the other persons and to a major part also compared with perceiving photographs of one-self, was associated with more prominent dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal, insular, anterior and posterior cingulate activations. Whereas some of these areas showed activity in the "other"-conditions as well, self-selective characteristics were revealed in right dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex for self-reflection; in anterior cingulate cortex for self-perception and in the left inferior parietal lobe for self-reflection and -perception. Altogether, cingulate, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and inferior parietal regions show relevance for self-related cognitions, with in part self-specificity in terms of comparison with the known-, unknown- and perception-conditions. Notably, the results are obtained here without behavioural response supporting the reliability of this methodological approach of applying a solely mental intervention. We suggest considering the reported structures when investigating psychopathologically affected self-related processing.

Metodología basada en viñetas para el estudio de toma de decisiones clínicas: validez, utilidad y aplicación en los estudios de campo de la CIE-11

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Spencer C. Evans

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Las metodologías basadas en viñetas se utilizan frecuentemente para examinar los procesos de toma de decisiones, incluyendo los de profesionales sanitarios. No obstante, existen dudas respecto a si las viñetas reflejan adecuadamente los fenómenos del “mundo real” permitiendo así resultados y conclusiones válidas. Ofrecemos una visión de las características, variaciones de diseño, fortalezas y debilidades de estos estudios para examinar cómo los profesionales forman juicios clínicos (como el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Siendo “híbridos” de las encuestas tradicionales y los métodos experimentales, estos estudios pueden ofrecer tanto la alta validez interna de los experimentos como la alta validez externa de las encuestas, al aislar múltiples factores predictivos del comportamiento de los clínicos. Un diseño adecuado para poner a prueba preguntas específicas acerca de los juicios y la toma de decisiones permite resultados altamente generalizables a la “vida real”, sin las limitaciones éticas, prácticas y científicas de los métodos alternativos (como la observación, el auto-informe, la evaluación de pacientes estandarizados, o el análisis de archivos clínicos. Concluimos con recomendaciones metodológicas que se ilustran tras una descripción del uso de las metodologías de viñetas para investigar las decisiones diagnósticas de los clínicos en los estudios de campo controlados de la clasificación de los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en la CIE-11.

Reflection: A Socratic approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Seggelen-Damen, Inge C M; Van Hezewijk, René; Helsdingen, Anne S; Wopereis, Iwan G J H

2017-12-01

Reflection is a fuzzy concept. In this article we reveal the paradoxes involved in studying the nature of reflection. Whereas some scholars emphasize its discursive nature, we go further and underline its resemblance to the self-biased dialogue Socrates had with the slave in Plato's Meno . The individual and internal nature of the reflection process creates difficulty for studying it validly and reliably. We focus on methodological issues and use Hans Linschoten's view of coupled systems to identify, analyze, and interpret empirical research on reflection. We argue that researchers and research participants can take on roles in several possible system couplings. Depending on who controls the manipulation of the stimulus, who controls the measuring instrument, who interprets the measurement and the response, different types of research questions can be answered. We conclude that reflection may be validly studied by combining different couplings of experimenter, manipulation, stimulus, participant, measurement, and response.

O Ambiente Público-Privado no Processo de Tomada de Decisão quanto à Operação Portuária no Brasil: um estudo de casoPublic-Private Environment in the Port Operation Decision-Making Process in Brazil: a case studyLos Sectores Público y Privado en el Proceso de la Toma de Decisiones con respecto a la Operación Portuaria Brasil: un estudio de caso

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SERRA, Laura Thomaz e

2009-06-01

study seeks to evaluate the public-private relationship in the process of decision making in companies, with the objective of analyzing the export process under the perspective of the decisions oriented to the transaction costs management in the company. In short, the research points out that the public-private relationship shows as a result inappropriate environment, tightening the competition on the global scenario. In the case studied the basic parameters around which the attributes are formed, cost and level of service are adversely affected by this relationship. In turn, the institutional environment in Brazil, with regard to port operations, imposes severe transaction costs.RESUMENEn el ámbito de las decisiones de naturaleza microeconómica y de gestión de empresas se observa un creciente reconocimiento de la importancia de las decisiones referentes al transporte, para el desempeño de actividad logística; esto se debe a que ellas asumen trade-offs relevantes con otras funciones y procesos logísticos, como por ejemplo, existencias, almacenamiento y compras, y afectan directamente los resultados de los servicios y costos logísticos. Esto requiere considerar los transportes no como “demanda derivada”, según la tradición neoclásica, sino como variables explicativas de decisiones empresariales. De forma que en el presente artículo se buscó evaluar la relación público privada en la toma de decisiones empresariales, por medio de un estudio de caso, que tuvo por finalidad analizar el proceso de exportación desde la perspectiva de las decisiones empresariales relacionadas con la gestión de los costos de transacción. En resumen, la investigación demuestra que esta relación público privada proyecta un ambiente poco adecuado para la incuestionable exacerbación de la competición en el ámbito global. Es evidente en el caso investigado, que los parámetros básicos alrededor de los cuales se forman los atributos, costos y nivel de servicio, resultan

DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACION DE UN SISTEMA DE GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE AMERICA LATINA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE ACTORES SOCIALES RELEVANTES

OpenAIRE

CHEYRE ESPINOSA, JUAN EMILIO

2013-01-01

El proyecto Fondef D07I1048 consistió en diseñar una metodología para el conocimiento y la toma de decisiones de actores sociales relevantes sobre América Latina. La aplicación de esta metodologia es de utilidad para ejecutivos y empresarios, que tienen interés en invertir (IED) en países de América Latina en el largo plazo, como así mismo a otros tomadores de decisión. Esta metodología creada está compuesta por un estudio de antecedentes cualitativos y cuantitativos que se constr...

Fragilidad financiera en colombia y las decisiones de política monetaria del banco de la república, 1996-2012

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José Mauricio Gil León

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo evalúa cuál ha sido el papel de las decisiones de política monetaria del Banco de la República dentro de los procesos de inestabilidad financiera acaecidos en Colombia en el período 1996-2012. Según la revisión de hechos, la crisis de 1999 puso en duda el papel estabilizador del banco central, lo cual reflejó una postura contra-cíclica demasiado débil para la recuperación, y la crisis de 2008 encontró un banco más preparado, aunque con respuesta tardía a los procesos emergentes de fragilidad financiera. A través de estimaciones econométricas se evidencia que una política monetaria contractiva puede inducir una crisis financiera cuando la reacción se da en momentos de mayor estrés financiero. This paper evaluates what has been the role of the monetary policy decisions taken by the Central Bank during the financial instability processes that Colombia has gone through during 1996 – 2012. According to the fact analysis, the 1999 crisis questioned the role of the central bank, which defended a counter-cyclic posture that was not strong enough to lead the economic recovery. The 2008 crisis found a stronger stand­ing Central Bank, even though it answered late to the emerging processes regarding financial fragility. With the use of econometric studies it was proven that a contractive monetary policy can accelerate a financial crisis when the measure is implemented in moments when the financial stress is too high.

The Effects of Coaching Using a Reflective Framework on Early Childhood Science Teachers' Depth of Reflection and Change in Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Bloomquist, Debra L.

This embedded-mixed methods study examined if the use of a reflective framework with guiding prompts could support early childhood science teachers in improving their reflective practice and subsequently changing their pedagogy. It further investigated whether type of cognitive coaching group, individual or collaborative, impacted teacher depth of reflection and change in practice. Data included teacher reflections that were rated using the Level of Reflection-On-Action Assessment, reflective codes and inductive themes, as well as videos of participants lessons coded using the SCIIENCE instrument. Findings demonstrated that through guided reflection, teachers developed reflective thinking skills, and through this reflection became more critical and began to improve their pedagogical practice. Further findings supported that collaborative cognitive coaching may not be the most effective professional development for all teachers; as some teachers in the study were found to have difficulty improving their reflectivity and thus their teaching practice. Based on these findings it is recommended that coaches and designers of professional development continue to use reflective frameworks with guiding prompts to support teachers in the reflective process, but take into consideration that coaching may need to be differentiated for the various reflective levels demonstrated by teachers. Future studies will be needed to establish why some teachers have difficulty with the reflective process and how coaches or designers of professional development can further assist these teachers in becoming more critical reflectors.

Acting in Good Time – Conceptual Reflections on the Sequencing of Political Reform Processes

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Jürgen Beyer

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Thus far, the sequencing of political reform processes has been discussed on a separate basis in the context of different scientific debates. Existing analysis in macroeconomics and democracy theory focuses on shock-therapeutic versus gradual reform policies, the succession of specific reform steps or the right timing of reforms. An analytical approach to sequences has been elaborated. Theoretical concepts of social change, which refer to path dependence or the punctuated development of historical sequences, have evolved in the context of institutionalist research. The present article summarises the state of research and extends it with conceptual reflections on the motivation of sequential political action, which can then serve as a starting point for differentiation between sequencing processes in further research.

Reflective writing: the student nurse's perspective on reflective writing and poetry writing.

Science.gov (United States)

Coleman, Dawn; Willis, Diane S

2015-07-01

Reflective writing is a mandatory part of nurse education but how students develop their skills and use reflection as part of their experiential learning remains relatively unknown. Understanding reflective writing in all forms from the perspective of a student nurse is therefore important. To explore the use of reflective writing and the use of poetry in pre-registered nursing students. A qualitative design was employed to explore reflective writing in pre-registered nursing students. A small university in Scotland. BSc (Hons) Adult and Mental Health Pre-registration Student Nurses. Two focus groups were conducted with 10 student nurses during March 2012. Data was analysed thematically using the framework of McCarthy (1999). Students found the process of reflective writing daunting but valued it over time. Current educational methods, such as assessing reflective accounts, often lead to the 'narrative' being watered down and the student feeling judged. Despite this, reflection made students feel responsible for their own learning and research on the topic. Some students felt the use of models of reflection constricting, whilst poetry freed up their expression allowing them to demonstrate the compassion for their patient under their care. Poetry writing gives students the opportunity for freedom of expression, personal satisfaction and a closer connection with their patients, which the more formal approach to reflective writing did not offer. There is a need for students to have a safe and supportive forum in which to express and have their experiences acknowledged without the fear of being judged. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE SUS EMPRESAS. REALIDADES Y REGULACIONES

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Rómulo Ogando Ramos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El trabajo aborda la participación activa y consciente de los trabajadores en la toma de decisiones como condición indispensable de su desempeño laboral y su desarrollo individual. Tiene como propósito fundamental analizar el tratamiento del tema en un grupo de documentos regulatorios de la Gestión de Recursos Humanos y de esta manera, mostrar los espacios oficiales de participación que tienen los trabajadores y las formas que puede adoptar la misma.AbstractThe paper deals with the active and conscious participation of the workers in the decision-making as an indispensable condition of its labor performance and its individual development. Its main purpose is to analyze the treatment of this subject in a group of regulations of Human Resource Management and thus, to show the official spaces of participation that the workers have and the ways that it can takes.

TOMA DE DECISIONES DE AGENTES RACIONALES CON PROCESOS MARKOVIANOS. Avances recientes en economía y finanzas

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Onésimo Hernández-Lerma

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se revisa la evolución teórica y práctica de los procesos markovianos y se resalta su rápido avance y notorio potencial en el modelado de los procesos de toma de decisiones de agentes racionales. Dichos procesos han incorporado dinámicas más realistas en el comportamiento de diversas variables económicas y financieras que enriquecen el análisis en ambientes con riesgo e incertidumbre. Particularmente, se destaca diversas extensiones y reformulaciones de procesos markovianos de decisión, juegos estocásticos, optimalidad de Blackwell para procesos de difusión controlados, control óptimo estocástico con procesos de difusión y su combinación con saltos de Poisson, modelado de series de tiempo con cadenas de Markov y, por último, redes bayesianas con cadenas de Markov en conjunción con simulación Monte Carlo (MCMC.

Fondo de infraestructura social municipal y de aportaciones para el fortalecimiento municipal. Toma de decisiones de los gobiernos municipales del Estado de México 2008-2014

OpenAIRE

Fernández Pilar, María Dolores

2016-01-01

El trabajo de investigación que a continuación se presenta, tiene por objetivo conocer y analizar los factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones de los gobiernos municipales para la selección de obras y acciones que se ejecutan con los fondos federales de Aportaciones para el Fortalecimiento de los Municipios y de las Demarcaciones Territoriales del Distrito Federal (FORTAMUNDF) así como el de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social Municipal y de las Demarcaciones Territoriales del ...

Emotions and Decision-Making Processes in Management Teams: A Collective Level Analysis

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Veronique Tran

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las emociones específicas se han estudiado poco en relación a la toma de decisiones. Utilizando los datos de 20 compañías simuladas en juego de roles por 106 directivos que asistieron a programas de formación para ejecutivos, este estudio examina en qué medida cuatro clases de emociones (positivas de logro, positivas de aproximación, negativas de resignación, y negativa de antagonismo se asocian a procesos de toma de decisión en equipo o grupales. Coeficiente intra-clase significativos confirmaron la factibilidad de agregar en media grupales tanto las emociones como los procesos de toma de decisiones. Correlaciones colectivas o realizadas con las puntuaciones agregadas al nivel de equipo de trabajo mostraron que las emociones de aproximación se asociaban a la generación de alternativas, particularmente en la fase de desarrollo de una tarea de toma de decisiones en equipo. Finalmente, una ratio de emociones positivas sobre negativas correlacionó positivamente con un buen proceso de toma decisiones. Nuevas investigaciones ampliando el estudio de la influencia de las emociones en los procesos de decisión se plantean, así como se discuten las implicaciones prácticas del estudio.

Reflecting reflection in supervision

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lystbæk, Christian Tang

associated with reflection and an exploration of alternative conceptions that view reflection within the context of settings which have a more group- and team-based orientation. Drawing on an action research project on health care supervision, the paper questions whether we should reject earlier views...... of reflection, rehabilitate them in order to capture broader connotations or move to new ways of regarding reflection that are more in keeping with not only reflective but also emotive, normative and formative views on supervision. The paper presents a critical perspective on supervision that challenge...... the current reflective paradigm I supervision and relate this to emotive, normative and formative views supervision. The paper is relevant for Nordic educational research into the supervision and guidance...

Reflection-Based Learning for Professional Ethical Formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Branch, William T; George, Maura

2017-04-01

One way practitioners learn ethics is by reflecting on experience. They may reflect in the moment (reflection-in-action) or afterwards (reflection-on-action). We illustrate how a teaching clinician may transform relationships with patients and teach person-centered care through reflective learning. We discuss reflective learning pedagogies and present two case examples of our preferred method, guided group reflection using narratives. This method fosters moral development alongside professional identity formation in students and advanced learners. Our method for reflective learning addresses and enables processing of the most pressing ethical issues that learners encounter in practice. © 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.

El proceso cognitivo de la toma de decisiones en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

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María Rita Malm Morgan

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es describir, desde la neuropsicología, el proceso de Toma de Decisiones (TD en sujetos que padecen la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA. Para ello, se estableció una comparación del desempeño en TD de 40 sujetos con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer con el desempeño de un grupo control de 40 sujetos sin diagnóstico de enfermedad neurológica y /o psiquiátrica, pareados por NSEC. El desempeño en la TD se evaluó con la tarea de Game Dice Task (GDT –Tarea del Juego de los Dados de Brand–. También se aplicaron otras pruebas y tareas de evaluación cognitiva para determinar la relación de la TD con otras Funciones Ejecutivas (FE. Los resultados permitieron establecer que el proceso de TD se deteriora desde los comienzos de la enfermedad, evidenciando que el desempeño de los sujetos con EA es significativamente inferior al de los sujetos sanos, con un porcentaje mayor de respuestas de riesgo y aumentos significativos de los tiempos de respuesta. También se observó deterioro en todas las funciones ejecutivas evaluadas. El trabajo provee evidencia empírica que soporta la idea de que la TD se encuentra estrechamente relacionada a las demás FE.

The role of emotion in design reflection

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hammer, D.K.; Reymen, I.M.M.J.; Mcdonagh, Deana; Hekkert, Paul; Van Erp, Jeroen; Gyi, Diane

2003-01-01

Reflection on design processes performed by designers is called design reflection. In our view, this kind of reflection aims at answering essential questions like “Is my design answering the stakeholder concerns?”, “Am I solving the essential problems or am I wasting time on irrelevant aspects?”,

Enabling Critical Reflection on Research Supervisory Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Pearson, Margot; Kayrooz, Carole

2004-01-01

This paper describes the development of an instrument--The Reflective Supervisor Questionnaire (RSQ). The RSQ maps the domain of research supervisory practice as a facilitative process involving educational tasks and activities. It is designed to assist research supervisors explore, by means of self-reflection and reflection on feedback from…

RELACIÓN ENTRE DECISIONES ARBITRALES Y VARIABLES DEPORTIVAS EN EL FÚTBOL PROFESIONAL DE COSTA RICA

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María Clara Rodríguez

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar objetivamente si existen algunas tendencias en los juicios arbitrales del fútbol costarricense, específicamente en cuanto a amonestaciones y expulsiones, se analizaron 575 partidos de primera y segunda división jugados durante los años 2001 y 2002, a partir de los informes arbitrales oficiales. Se confirmó la hipótesis de la ventaja para el equipo local, así como la tendencia a compensar las sanciones entre los equipos contrincantes, especialmente con respecto a las expulsiones; no hubo diferencias en función del nivel de los árbitros, ni se evidenciaron sesgos en función de los equipos. Se hallaron diferencias significativas individuales entre los árbitros. También se encontraron diferencias significativas para tarjetas rojas (TA y tarjetas amarillas (TR entre primer y segundo tiempo, y con relación al número total de goles marcados. En conclusión, se observó mayor discriminación en las decisiones arbitrales frente a las TR y mayor homogeneidad frente a las TA.

Expectativas racionales versus neuroeconomía: ¿cómo tomamos decisiones los agentes?

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Juan Gabriel López Vera

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La implementación de políticas económicas en los países significa la manera más visible como los gobiernos intervienen sobre el funcionamiento del mercado libre para orientar sus perturbaciones a los menores niveles posibles y de esa forma asegurar que la participación de los individuos y empresas sean lo más inclusivas posibles.Sin embargo, la formulación de políticas sugiere que los individuos cambien ciertos patrones de comportamiento para que se logren los resultados esperados y en la mayoría de los casos esos resultados no se logran alcanzar, en parte porque los agentes no se ajustan a las particularidades de los rigurosos modelos de predicción.La mayoría de dichos modelos sugiere una conducta perfecta e ideal que escapa a las actitudes de las personas en su vida diaria, el presente documento constituye una aproximación a ese comportamiento a través de la decisiones individuales explorando el supuesto clásico de la racionalidad y contraponiendo a esta el papel de los impulsos que se fundamentan en la actividad neuronal del cerebro y que se define como neuroeconomía.

Peritajes psicológicos forenses en decisiones judiciales de primera instancia en delitos sexuales

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Milena M. Rudas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la importancia de los informes psicológicos forenses en la toma de decisiones judiciales de primera instancia en delitos sexuales en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia mediante un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo. Se analizaron diversas variables con el propósito de categorizar si en las sentencias judiciales se menciona la pericial por el juez al momento de dictarlas, y cuál es el valor diferencial de los informes psicológicos forenses. También se revisó la concordancia entre la decisión final del juez y los resultados plasmados en el informe psicológico. Como conclusión significativa se obtuvo que en el 80 % de las sentencias hubo mención a la pericial por el juez al fundamentar su decisión; en un 80 % de los casos el juez tomó la decisión de manera concordante con los resultados del informe psicológico. Como conclusión se plantea que para la Administración de Justicia se requiere personal auxiliar especializado y que el psicólogo jurídico en función forense funge como fuente directa de conocimiento, y se constituye en un medio de convicción apreciable.

See, reflect, learn more: qualitative analysis of breaking bad news reflective narratives.

Science.gov (United States)

Karnieli-Miller, Orit; Palombo, Michal; Meitar, Dafna

2018-05-01

Breaking bad news (BBN) is a challenge that requires multiple professional competencies. BBN teaching often includes didactic and group role-playing sessions. Both are useful and important, but exclude another critical component of students' learning: day-to-day role-model observation in the clinics. Given the importance of observation and the potential benefit of reflective writing in teaching, we have incorporated reflective writing into our BBN course. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the learning potential in reflective writing about BBN encounters and the ability to identify components that inhibit this learning. This was a systematic qualitative immersion/crystallization analysis of 166 randomly selected BBN narratives written by 83 senior medical students. We analysed the narratives in an iterative consensus-building process to identify the issues discussed, the lessons learned and the enhanced understanding of BBN. Having previously been unaware of, not invited to or having avoided BBN encounters, the mandatory assignment led students to search for or ask their mentors to join them in BBN encounters. Observation and reflective writing enhanced students' awareness that 'bad news' is relative and subjective, while shedding light on patients', families', physicians' and their own experiences and needs, revealing the importance of the different components of the BBN protocol. We identified diversity among the narratives and the extent of students' learning. Narrative writing provided students with an opportunity for a deliberative learning process. This led to deeper understanding of BBN encounters, of how to apply the newly taught protocol, or of the need for it. This process connected the formal and informal or hidden curricula. To maximise learning through reflective writing, students should be encouraged to write in detail about a recent observed encounter, analyse it according to the protocol, address different participants

Lógica difusa para la toma de decisiones y la selección de personal

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Francisco Javier Ruvalcaba Coyaso

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo de investigación se enfoca en la lógica difusa. Identifica de qué manera sirve para la selección de personal y qué publicaciones relevantes existen acerca de su efectividad en el escenario empresarial. La revisión realizada se llevó a cabo a partir de una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas. Se encuentra que la fuzzy logic puede ofrecer al proceso de selección de personal algo de certidumbre, en particular en la toma de decisiones que lo acompaña. Puede contribuir también en el proceso de identificación de la persona más adecuada para realizar un conjunto de actividades, de acuerdo, además, con su perfil psicológico. Su uso ayuda, en efecto, a disminuir la ambigüedad y la subjetividad inherentes a la decisión en estos procesos. Esto, dado que los resultados de las pruebas psicométricas y de las entrevistas no son discrecionales, ellas se acompañan, usualmente, de múltiples criterios de asignación de valor.

Abnormal N400 Semantic Priming Effect May Reflect Psychopathological Processes in Schizophrenia: A Twin Study

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Anuradha Sharma

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. Activation of semantic networks is indexed by the N400 effect. We used a twin study design to investigate whether N400 effect abnormalities reflect genetic/trait liability or are related to psychopathological processes in schizophrenia. Methods. We employed robust linear regression to compare N400 and behavioral priming effects across 36 monozygotic twin pairs (6 pairs concordant for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 11 discordant pairs, and 19 healthy control pairs performing a lexical decision task. Moreover, we examined the correlation between Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS score and the N400 effect and the influence of medication status on this effect. Results. Regression yielded a significant main effect of group on the N400 effect only in the direct priming condition (p=0.003. Indirect condition and behavioral priming effect showed no significant effect of group. Planned contrasts with the control group as a reference group revealed that affected concordant twins had significantly reduced N400 effect compared to controls, and discordant affected twins had a statistical trend for reduced N400 effect compared to controls. The unaffected twins did not differ significantly from the controls. There was a trend for correlation between reduced N400 effect and higher BPRS scores, and the N400 effect did not differ significantly between medicated and unmedicated patients. Conclusions. Reduced N400 effect may reflect disease-specific processes in schizophrenia implicating frontotemporal brain network in schizophrenia pathology.

Workplace diaries promoting reflective practice in radiation therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chapman, Naomi; Dempsey, Shane E.; Warren-Forward, Helen M.

2009-01-01

Competency standards usually describe that radiation therapists are expected to display characteristics of reflective practice. Many radiation therapists may be unequipped to undertake reflective practice or produce evidence of reflective practice due to limited understanding of the process. There are many models to guide practitioners in their reflective journeys, however, the literature describing reflective practice can appear confusing. This paper will discuss the role of reflective practice, provide a definition for reflective practice and define concepts central to reflective journaling or workplace diaries. The paper will offer practical advice to increase radiation therapists knowledge and skills in the use of reflective workplace diaries.

Workplace diaries promoting reflective practice in radiation therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chapman, Naomi [Medical Radiation Science, Faculty of Health Science, Box 16 Hunter Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 (Australia)], E-mail: naomi.chapman@newcastle.edu.au; Dempsey, Shane E. [Medical Radiation Science, Faculty of Health Science, Box 16 Hunter Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 (Australia)], E-mail: shane.e.dempsey@newcastle.edu.au; Warren-Forward, Helen M. [Medical Radiation Science, Faculty of Health Science, Box 16 Hunter Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 (Australia)], E-mail: helen.warren-forward@newcastle.edu.au

2009-05-15

Competency standards usually describe that radiation therapists are expected to display characteristics of reflective practice. Many radiation therapists may be unequipped to undertake reflective practice or produce evidence of reflective practice due to limited understanding of the process. There are many models to guide practitioners in their reflective journeys, however, the literature describing reflective practice can appear confusing. This paper will discuss the role of reflective practice, provide a definition for reflective practice and define concepts central to reflective journaling or workplace diaries. The paper will offer practical advice to increase radiation therapists knowledge and skills in the use of reflective workplace diaries.

Individual differences in cognitive processing of interdependency information. The influence of social values on the cognitive processing of information in interdependency situations and the reflection on the temporal aspects of decision-making.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dehue, Francine Marie Jean

1993-01-01

The present thesis describes research on the influence of social values on the cognitive processing of information underlying decisions in interdependency situations. The research is based on the assumption that the cognitive processes are reflected in decision times. ... Zie: Summary

Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development as well as "studies as usual": a thematic analysis of medical students' reflective writing.

Science.gov (United States)

Semb, Olof; Kaiser, Niclas; Andersson, Sven-Olof; Sundbom, Elisabet

2014-01-01

Reflective writing in medical training has been shown to be most effective when combined with some form of personal meeting or dialog. During a course in medical psychology for medical students, reflective texts were followed up by an individual personal talk with a teacher from the course. Thematic analysis of the texts revealed four separate sub-themes: 1) the course has enabled me and the class to develop, which is good albeit arduous; 2) understanding myself is a resource in understanding people as well as knowing psychology; 3) the course provided me with new, purely intellectual skills as well as eye-openers; and 4) the receiving teacher is an integral part of my reflective writing. The main theme, capturing the students' writing process, concluded that students perceive the course as "Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development" as well as "studies as usual". Ethical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects are discussed in the paper.

Reflective Healthcare Systems : Micro-Cycle of Self-Reflection to empower users

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jimenez Garcia, J.C.; Romero Herrera, N.A.; Keyson, D.V.; Havinga, P.

2014-01-01

Data collection and reflection are considered an integrated process in Personal Informatics to help users take action towards changing behaviour. Facilitating the collection and visualization of large data sets has been a major technical challenge to guarantee meaningful and effortless information

Reflections on the Writing Process: Perspectives from Recent Hindi Novels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veronica Ghirardi

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Patricia Waugh defined metafiction as ‘fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artefact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality’ . Metafictional works, she suggested, are those which ‘explore a theory of writing fiction through the practice of writing fiction’. They are characterised by a tendency to self-reflexivity or, in other words, by a tendency to call attention to the writing process itself. In actual fact, even in dedicated critical works, it is not easy to find a clear and all-encompassing definition of metafiction. Generally, various types of texts are mentioned under this term: texts recounting their origin and birth, dealing with the history of narrative, recounting stories of writers. Metafiction is generally considered an important feature of postmodern literature. In the postmodern era pure realistic writing is perceived as a limitation and an unsuitable device to render the complexity of the contemporary world. As Baudrillard said, we no longer live in a world made of unequivocal meanings, we live in a world of signs. In this context authors, by reflecting on the writing process, foreground the fictional nature of their narratives. Because of this, the role of metafiction (which obviously cannot be considered as an innovation introduced by postmodernism has become predominant in the postmodern era. Metafiction can follow different paths to reach its aims: its experimental component can be evident and radical or can be limited to a few pages or lines, without unduly affecting the perception of the story. In some cases, the reader will find no reflections on the structure or on the textual functions of the novel, but on its artistic and intellectual meaning. Within the history of Hindi literature (referring here to Khari Boli Hindi only probably the most famous example of metafictional novel is Suraj ka Satvan Ghoda (The Sun�

Reflective Practice as a Fuel for Organizational Learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kati Tikkamäki

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Learning theories and their interpretations in management research recognize the role of reflection as a central element in the learning process. There also exists a broad consensus that organizational learning (OL happens at three intertwined levels of the individual, the group and the organization. This tri-level analysis has been most influentially presented by Crossan, Lane and White (1999, as a premise for their 4I framework of OL. Though the 4I framework builds strongly on existing literature on OL, it does not address the role of reflection as a factor operating between the inputs and outcomes in 4I sub-processes. Though a large body of research exists regarding the notion of reflection and its importance in terms of OL, this has not been discussed in the specific context of the 4I framework. This article contributes to the development of the 4I model by discussing how reflective practice—on three levels and within 4I sub-processes—fuels the OL process. The argumentation is based on an extensive literature review in three dimensions of learning, illustrated with an empirical inquiry into three business organizations and their reflective practice. In addition, the aim is to increase the understanding of reflection as not only an individual or group process, but as an organized practice, enabled by the tools of management control.

Measuring kidney patients' motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant: development of stage of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Waterman, Amy D; Robbins, Mark L; Paiva, Andrea L; Peipert, John D; Davis, LaShara A; Hyland, Shelley S; Schenk, Emily A; Baldwin, Kari A; Amoyal, Nicole R

2015-02-01

While educational interventions to increase patient motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant have shown success in increasing living donor kidney transplant rates, there are no validated, theoretically consistent measures of Stage of Change, a measure of readiness to pursue living donor kidney transplant; Decisional Balance, a weighted assessment of living donor kidney transplant's advantages/disadvantages; and Self-Efficacy, a measure of belief that patients can pursue living donor kidney transplant in difficult circumstances. This study developed and validated measures of these three constructs. In two independent samples of kidney patients (N 1 = 279 and N 2 = 204), results showed good psychometric properties and support for their use in the assessment of living donor kidney transplant interventions. © The Author(s) 2013.

Análisis comparativo de la auditoría financiera y la auditoría integral y sus beneficios en la toma de decisiones en las empresas comerciales

OpenAIRE

Altamirano Calderón, Silvia Soraya

2014-01-01

La necesidad de ser competitivos, requiere concientización empresarial para mejorar esquemas de control, administración, mitigar riesgos internos, externos, para prevenir, corregir, implementar, tener herramientas fiables, tomar decisiones estratégicas, lograr objetivos organizacionales. Se comparó teoría y práctica entre Auditoria Financiera y Auditoria Integral sector comercial período 2012 para resolver la pregunta de cuál Auditoria, tiene información con mayor confiabilidad concluyendo co...

Reflections on Researcher Identity and Power: The Impact of Positionality on Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Processes and Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Muhammad, Michael; Wallerstein, Nina; Sussman, Andrew L; Avila, Magdalena; Belone, Lorenda; Duran, Bonnie

2015-11-01

The practice of community based participatory research (CBPR) has evolved over the past 20 years with the recognition that health equity is best achieved when academic researchers form collaborative partnerships with communities. This article theorizes the possibility that core principles of CBPR cannot be realistically applied unless unequal power relations are identified and addressed. It provides theoretical and empirical perspectives for understanding power, privilege, researcher identity and academic research team composition, and their effects on partnering processes and health disparity outcomes. The team's processes of conducting seven case studies of diverse partnerships in a national cross-site CBPR study are analyzed; the multi-disciplinary research team's self-reflections on identity and positionality are analyzed, privileging its combined racial, ethnic, and gendered life experiences, and integrating feminist and post-colonial theory into these reflections. Findings from the inquiry are shared, and incorporating academic researcher team identity is recommended as a core component of equalizing power distribution within CBPR.

Cortical reactions to verbal abuse: event-related brain potentials reflecting the processing of socially threatening words.

Science.gov (United States)

Wabnitz, Pascal; Martens, Ulla; Neuner, Frank

2012-09-12

Human information processing is sensitive to aversive stimuli, in particular to negative cues that indicate a threat to physical integrity. We investigated the extent to which these findings can be transferred to stimuli that are associated with a social rather than a physical threat. Event-related potentials were recorded during silent reading of neutral, positive, physically threatening, and socially threatening words, whereby socially threatening words were represented by swear words. We found facilitated processing of positive and physically threatening words in contrast to both neutral and socially threatening words at a first potential that emerged at about 120 ms after stimulus onset. At a semantic processing stage reflected by the N400, processing of all classes of affective words, including socially threatening words, differed from neutral words. We conclude that socially threatening words as well as neutral words capture more attentional resources than positive and physically threatening words at early stages. However, social threatening words are processed in a manner similar to other emotional words and different from neutral words at higher levels.

[Teaching methods for clinical settings: a literature review].

Science.gov (United States)

Brugnolli, Anna; Benaglio, Carla

2017-01-01

. Teaching Methods for clinical settings: a review. The teaching process during internship requires several methods to promote the acquisition of more complex technical skills such as relational, decisional and planning abilities. To describe effective teaching methods to promote the learning of relational, decisional and planning skills. A literature review of the teaching methods that have proven most effective, most appreciated by students, and most frequently used in Italian nursing schools. Clinical teaching is a central element to transform clinical experiences during internship in professional competences. The students are gradually brought to become more independent, because they are offered opportunities to practice in real contexts, to receive feedback, to have positive role models, to become more autonomous: all elements that facilitate and potentiate learning. Clinical teaching should be based on a variety of methods. The students value a gradual progression both in clinical experiences and teaching strategies from more supervised methods to methods more oriented towards reflecting on clinical practice and self-directed learning.

Análisis de factibilidad y viabilidad económica en la toma de decisiones para la aplicación de cenizas en áreas forestales

OpenAIRE

Santillán-Fernández, Alberto; Corbelle-Rico, Eduardo; Omil Ignacio, Beatriz; Fernández, A.; Merino, Agustín; Basurto, F.; Santoyo Cortés, Vinicio Horacio

2016-01-01

La determinación de factibilidad, accesibilidad y logística para la aplicación de cenizas a áreas forestales, es una tarea compleja que agrupa varios objetivos. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la toma de decisiones para la optimización de la aplicación de cenizas. El estudio se realizó en dos etapas. La primera consideró aspectos ambientales, sociales, culturales y económicos enmarcados en el artículo 12 d...

Decisional tool to assess current and future process robustness in an antibody purification facility.

Science.gov (United States)

Stonier, Adam; Simaria, Ana Sofia; Smith, Martin; Farid, Suzanne S

2012-07-01

Increases in cell culture titers in existing facilities have prompted efforts to identify strategies that alleviate purification bottlenecks while controlling costs. This article describes the application of a database-driven dynamic simulation tool to identify optimal purification sizing strategies and visualize their robustness to future titer increases. The tool harnessed the benefits of MySQL to capture the process, business, and risk features of multiple purification options and better manage the large datasets required for uncertainty analysis and optimization. The database was linked to a discrete-event simulation engine so as to model the dynamic features of biopharmaceutical manufacture and impact of resource constraints. For a given titer, the tool performed brute force optimization so as to identify optimal purification sizing strategies that minimized the batch material cost while maintaining the schedule. The tool was applied to industrial case studies based on a platform monoclonal antibody purification process in a multisuite clinical scale manufacturing facility. The case studies assessed the robustness of optimal strategies to batch-to-batch titer variability and extended this to assess the long-term fit of the platform process as titers increase from 1 to 10 g/L, given a range of equipment sizes available to enable scale intensification efforts. Novel visualization plots consisting of multiple Pareto frontiers with tie-lines connecting the position of optimal configurations over a given titer range were constructed. These enabled rapid identification of robust purification configurations given titer fluctuations and the facility limit that the purification suites could handle in terms of the maximum titer and hence harvest load. Copyright © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).

Matter reflects Antimatter

CERN Document Server

Bianconi, A.; Cristiano, A.; Leali, M.; Lodi Rizzini, E.; Venturelli, L.; Zurlo, N.

2008-01-01

It is common belief that the interaction between antimatter and ordinary solid matter is dominated by annihilation. However, non-destructive processes may play a relevant role too. One century ago E. Rutherford wrote about the "diffuse reflection" of alpha and beta particles by thin layers of different metals: "The observations ... of Geiger and Marsden on the scattering of alpha rays indicate that some of the alpha particles must suffer a deflexion of more than a right angle at a single encounter.... It will be shown that the main deductions from the theory are independent of whether the central charge is supposed to be positive or negative". Although the theory of electromagnetic scattering is in first approximation independent of the relative sign of the colliding particles, in the case where projectile antiprotons are shot against a wall of solid matter the Rutherford diffuse reflection mechanism competes with the annihilation process. So it is not obvious at all that a relevant part of an antiproton beam...

Facilitating ethical reflection among scientists using the ethical matrix.

Science.gov (United States)

Jensen, Karsten Klint; Forsberg, Ellen-Marie; Gamborg, Christian; Millar, Kate; Sandøe, Peter

2011-09-01

Several studies have indicated that scientists are likely to have an outlook on both facts and values that are different to that of lay people in important ways. This is one significant reason it is currently believed that in order for scientists to exercise a reliable ethical reflection about their research it is necessary for them to engage in dialogue with other stakeholders. This paper reports on an exercise to encourage a group of scientists to reflect on ethical issues without the presence of external stakeholders. It reports on the use of a reflection process with scientists working in the area of animal disease genomics (mainly drawn from the EADGENE EC Network of Excellence). This reflection process was facilitated by using an ethical engagement framework, a modified version of the Ethical Matrix. As judged by two criteria, a qualitative assessment of the outcomes and the participants' own assessment of the process, this independent reflective exercise was deemed to be successful. The discussions demonstrated a high level of complexity and depth, with participants demonstrating a clear perception of uncertainties and the context in which their research operates. Reflection on stakeholder views and values appeared to be embedded within the discussions. The finding from this exercise seems to indicate that even without the involvement of the wider stakeholder community, valuable reflection and worthwhile discourse can be generated from ethical reflection processes involving only scienitific project partners. Hence, the previous assumption that direct stakeholder engagement is necessary for ethical reflection does not appear to hold true in all cases; however, other reasons for involving a broad group of stakeholders relating to governance and social accountability of science remain.

Insight in schizophrenia: involvement of self-reflection networks?

Science.gov (United States)

van der Meer, Lisette; de Vos, Annerieke E; Stiekema, Annemarie P M; Pijnenborg, Gerdina H M; van Tol, Marie-José; Nolen, Willem A; David, Anthony S; Aleman, André

2013-11-01

Impaired insight is a common feature in psychosis and an important predictor of variables such as functional outcome, prognosis, and treatment adherence. A cognitive process that may underlie insight in psychosis is self-reflection, or the conscious evaluation of one's traits and characteristics. The current study aims to investigate the neural correlates of self-reflective processing and its relationship with insight in schizophrenia. Forty-seven schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy controls performed a self-reflection task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The tasks comprised a self-reflection, close other-reflection, and a semantic (baseline) condition. Insight scores were obtained with the Schedule of Assessment of Insight Expanded. In addition, cognitive insight scores were obtained (Beck Cognitive Insight Scale [BCIS]). Schizophrenia patients demonstrated less activation in the posterior cingulate cortex in the self- and other-reflection conditions and less activation in the precuneus in the other-reflection condition compared with healthy controls. Better insight was associated with greater response in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, and inferior parietal lobule during self-reflection. In addition, better cognitive insight was associated with higher activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during self-reflection. In the current study, evidence for a relationship between self-reflection and insight in patients with schizophrenia was found in brain areas related to self-reflection, self/other distinction and source attribution. The findings support the rationale for a treatment that is currently under evaluation, which attempts to increase insight by enhancing self-reflection.

Faculty Processes Used to Evaluate Self-Reflective Journals in an Online RN-BSN Program

Science.gov (United States)

Polley-Payne, Kathleen E.

2017-01-01

Evaluation of student learning activities is part of the fabric of higher education. Expected by accrediting agencies within the health professions disciplines in curricula aimed at the development of reflective practitioners. Student self-reflecting journaling is a strategy frequently employed as a tool to develop reflective practitioners and…

Los partidos políticos minoritarios y su influencia en el proceso de toma de decisiones en México : un análisis de redes

OpenAIRE

Yañez Rivas, Viridiana Gabriela

2010-01-01

Se analiza el comportamiento de los partidos políticos en su trabajo legislativo con el objeto de saber cuáles son los factores que influyen en la definición de los problemas que tratan de legislar (o aprobar) e incluso poder establecer una relación causal entre las decisiones que son tomadas por estos en el Congreso, y los resultados que se esperan de ellas. La propuesta teórica aquí presentada es la de Teoría de Redes, la cual brinda la posibilidad de tomar en cuenta en el análisis elemento...

Apparatus and process for removing a predetermined portion of reflective material from mirror

Science.gov (United States)

Perry, Stephen J.; Steinmetz, Lloyd L.

1994-01-01

An apparatus and process are disclosed for removal of a stripe of soft reflective material of uniform width from the surface of a mirror by using a blade having a large included angle to inhibit curling of the blade during the cutting operation which could result in damage to the glass substrate of the mirror. The cutting blade is maintained at a low blade angle with respect to the mirror surface to produce minimal chipping along the cut edge and to minimize the force exerted on the coating normal to the glass surface which could deform the flat mirror. The mirror is mounted in a cutting mechanism containing a movable carriage on which the blade is mounted to provide very accurate straightness of the travel of the blade along the mirror.

Reflective teaching of medical communication skills with DiViDU: assessing the level of student reflection on recorded consultations with simulated patients

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hulsman, R. L.; Harmsen, A. B.; Fabriek, M.

2009-01-01

Acquisition of effective, goal-oriented communication skills requires both practicing skills and reflective thinking. Reflection is a cyclic process of perceiving and analysing communication behaviour in terms of goals and effects and designing improved actions. Based on Korthagen's ALACT reflection

Direct Reflectance Measurements from Drones: Sensor Absolute Radiometric Calibration and System Tests for Forest Reflectance Characterization

Science.gov (United States)

Hakala, Teemu; Scott, Barry; Theocharous, Theo; Näsi, Roope; Suomalainen, Juha; Greenwell, Claire; Fox, Nigel

2018-01-01

Drone-based remote sensing has evolved rapidly in recent years. Miniaturized hyperspectral imaging sensors are becoming more common as they provide more abundant information of the object compared to traditional cameras. Reflectance is a physically defined object property and therefore often preferred output of the remote sensing data capture to be used in the further processes. Absolute calibration of the sensor provides a possibility for physical modelling of the imaging process and enables efficient procedures for reflectance correction. Our objective is to develop a method for direct reflectance measurements for drone-based remote sensing. It is based on an imaging spectrometer and irradiance spectrometer. This approach is highly attractive for many practical applications as it does not require in situ reflectance panels for converting the sensor radiance to ground reflectance factors. We performed SI-traceable spectral and radiance calibration of a tuneable Fabry-Pérot Interferometer -based (FPI) hyperspectral camera at the National Physical Laboratory NPL (Teddington, UK). The camera represents novel technology by collecting 2D format hyperspectral image cubes using time sequential spectral scanning principle. The radiance accuracy of different channels varied between ±4% when evaluated using independent test data, and linearity of the camera response was on average 0.9994. The spectral response calibration showed side peaks on several channels that were due to the multiple orders of interference of the FPI. The drone-based direct reflectance measurement system showed promising results with imagery collected over Wytham Forest (Oxford, UK). PMID:29751560

Direct Reflectance Measurements from Drones: Sensor Absolute Radiometric Calibration and System Tests for Forest Reflectance Characterization.

Science.gov (United States)

Hakala, Teemu; Markelin, Lauri; Honkavaara, Eija; Scott, Barry; Theocharous, Theo; Nevalainen, Olli; Näsi, Roope; Suomalainen, Juha; Viljanen, Niko; Greenwell, Claire; Fox, Nigel

2018-05-03

Drone-based remote sensing has evolved rapidly in recent years. Miniaturized hyperspectral imaging sensors are becoming more common as they provide more abundant information of the object compared to traditional cameras. Reflectance is a physically defined object property and therefore often preferred output of the remote sensing data capture to be used in the further processes. Absolute calibration of the sensor provides a possibility for physical modelling of the imaging process and enables efficient procedures for reflectance correction. Our objective is to develop a method for direct reflectance measurements for drone-based remote sensing. It is based on an imaging spectrometer and irradiance spectrometer. This approach is highly attractive for many practical applications as it does not require in situ reflectance panels for converting the sensor radiance to ground reflectance factors. We performed SI-traceable spectral and radiance calibration of a tuneable Fabry-Pérot Interferometer -based (FPI) hyperspectral camera at the National Physical Laboratory NPL (Teddington, UK). The camera represents novel technology by collecting 2D format hyperspectral image cubes using time sequential spectral scanning principle. The radiance accuracy of different channels varied between ±4% when evaluated using independent test data, and linearity of the camera response was on average 0.9994. The spectral response calibration showed side peaks on several channels that were due to the multiple orders of interference of the FPI. The drone-based direct reflectance measurement system showed promising results with imagery collected over Wytham Forest (Oxford, UK).

Repairing process models to reflect reality

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fahland, D.; Aalst, van der W.M.P.; Barros, A.; Gal, A.; Kindler, E.

2012-01-01

Process mining techniques relate observed behavior (i.e., event logs) to modeled behavior (e.g., a BPMN model or a Petri net). Processes models can be discovered from event logs and conformance checking techniques can be used to detect and diagnose differences between observed and modeled behavior.

Reflecting on life, not on the mind – The concept of self-reflection without stability

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Lasse Meinert

This paper presents a critique of the concept of “reflection” and a theoretical alternative. I’ll argue that current notions of reflections to a large extend deals only with “meta-reflection” or “self-reflection”, and that the main problem with such conceptualizations is their preoccupation...... with “stability”. When self-reflection is conceptualized as a second-order process charged with creating diachronic continuity in the person’s life, as it often is in both philosophy (Frankfurt, 1971), cognitive theory (Carver, Scheier & Fulton, 2008), and narrative theories of personality (McAdams, 2008......), “Stability” and how it is brought about, becomes the main concern. But presupposing “stability” as the main aim of self-reflection isolates reflection to a mental realm. Human beings are certainly self-conscious, but – following Dreier (1999), when he points out that reflection is not a distancing from...

La reflexión como eje central del desarrollo profesional The reflection as a central axis for the professional development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep Roma Millán

2007-03-01

Full Text Available En estos últimos años aparece el nuevo concepto de desarrollo profesional que viene a sustituir el clásico de formación continuada. El desarrollo profesional la incluye y pretende además valorar el aprendizaje y la mejora conseguidos mediante el progreso en la toma de decisiones complejas durante el ejercicio y la práctica de la profesión. La reflexión se constituye como el núcleo de todas las actividades relacionadas con el desarrollo profesional y se constata la importancia de que la reflexión incorpore en su constructo los aspectos contextuales y sociales que forman parte de los problemas de salud. Se presenta el modelo de organizaciones que aprenden como ejemplo de empresas que saben aprovechar todos sus recursos y resultados para nutrir las actividades de reflexión de sus profesionales. Finalmente se comentan algunos ejemplos de actividades concretas que promueven la reflexión en el seno de dichas organizaciones, como es el caso del self-audit, el peer-review y el portafolio entre otras.Professional development is a new concept that has arisen recently instead of the more traditional one of continuing education. Professional development goes beyond traditional activities that are included as well. Personal progress in decision taking facing complex problems is considered as crucial to understand this new concept of professional development. Reflection is the core activity in professional development. Contextual and social aspects of health problems need to integrate the construct of reflection. Learning organizations are models of companies that know how to incorporate its resources and results in order to promote reflection between their professionals. Finally some comments on main concrete activities centred on reflection are done. Self-audit, peer-review and portfolio are some of the examples exposed.

Thoughts on Reflection (Editorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Koufogiannakis

2010-06-01

Full Text Available There has been some acknowledgement in the published literature that reflection is a crucial element of the evidence based library and information practice (EBLIP model we have adopted (Booth 2004, 2006; Grant 2007; Helliwell 2007. As we work through a problem and try to incorporate the best available evidence into our decision making, reflection is required at several stages, including the very identification of the problem through to our assessment of the process itself and what we have learned in order to inform future practice. However, reflection and reflective writing have not fully been integrated into the process we espouse, and very little has been done to look more closely at this element of the model and how it can be integrated into professional learning.In a recently published research article, Sen (2010 confirms the relationship between reflection and several aspects of professional practice. These include critical review and decision making, two aspects that are tied closely to the evidence based process. Sen notes: Students were more likely to show evidence of learning, self‐development, the ability to review issues crucially, awareness of their own mental functions, ability to make decision [sic] and being empowered when they had mastered the art of reflective practice and the more deeply analytical reflective writing. (p.84 EBLIP (the journal tries to incorporate elements of reflection within the articles we publish. While we clearly believe in the need for our profession to do quality research and publish that research so that it can be accessible to practitioners, we also know that research cannot be looked at in isolation. Our evidence summaries are one way of reflecting critically on previously published research, and in the same vein, our classics bring older research studies back to the foreground. This work needs to continue to be discussed and looked at for its impact on our profession.More directly, the Using

Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development as well as “studies as usual”: a thematic analysis of medical students’ reflective writing

Science.gov (United States)

Semb, Olof; Kaiser, Niclas; Andersson, Sven-Olof; Sundbom, Elisabet

2014-01-01

Reflective writing in medical training has been shown to be most effective when combined with some form of personal meeting or dialog. During a course in medical psychology for medical students, reflective texts were followed up by an individual personal talk with a teacher from the course. Thematic analysis of the texts revealed four separate sub-themes: 1) the course has enabled me and the class to develop, which is good albeit arduous; 2) understanding myself is a resource in understanding people as well as knowing psychology; 3) the course provided me with new, purely intellectual skills as well as eye-openers; and 4) the receiving teacher is an integral part of my reflective writing. The main theme, capturing the students’ writing process, concluded that students perceive the course as “Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development” as well as “studies as usual”. Ethical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects are discussed in the paper. PMID:25540601

APOYO A LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN UN OBSERVATORIO TECNOLÓGICO INCORPORANDO PROACTIVIDAD / DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT IN A TECHNOLOGY OBSERVATORY BY INCORPORATING PROACTIVITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mailyn Moreno-Espino

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Buscar y procesar información tiene un gran impacto en varias profesiones, es por ello que recuperarla y compartir los resultados se convierte en un tema esencial. Actualmente la cantidad de información es cada vez mayor y difícil de encontrar debido a su heterogeneidad, sus cambios y la diversidad de las fuentes. Los Observatorios Tecnológicos resuelven de alguna forma el problema planteado anteriormente, aunque los mismos no siempre tienen en cuenta la necesidad de que su proceso de vigilancia se haga proactivamente. Este trabajo presenta un Observatorio Tecnológico con comportamientos proactivos con el objetivo de mantener a los usuarios actualizados de sus intereses. Se utilizó una arquitectura de agentes que emplea patrones de implementación para desarrollar un observatorio proactivo que apoye a la toma de decisiones. Se hace una descripción de los resultados en una prueba piloto, donde los usuarios recibieron correos con documentos de su interés.AbstractThe process of finding and processing information is very important for many professionals. Therefore, information retrieving and sharing are key issues. At present, the quantity of information is growing and it is difficult to find it, due to its heterogeneity, its constant change and the diversity of data sources. Technological observatories solve this problem in some way, although they do not always take into account the necessity to make the monitoring process proactively. This paper shows how the inclusion of proactive behaviors into a technological observatory using the agent’s philosophy and the implementation patterns can improve its performance and keep users updated if their interests are known. The test pilot results are described, where the users received mails according to their interests.

Modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maybe Campos

Full Text Available Para contribuir a la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias se apreció la necesidad de concebir un Modelo de Gestión Estratégica (MGE, compuesto por un conjunto de procedimientos y herramientas específicos, el cual se sustenta en varias premisas que están relacionadas con el cometido de la administración de la entidad, la disponibilidad de información y el compromiso de los trabajadores; asimismo, tiene características fundamentales que lo distinguen. El MGE es participativo, proactivo e interactivo, y posee cuatro etapas de evaluación; en él se integran una serie de herramientas que logran analizar e interpretar sus dimensiones con un enfoque holístico, mediante la utilización de un sistema de gestión por procesos que favorece la interrelación actores-ecosistemas y promueve la agroecología. Después de ejecutadas las cuatro etapas, que incluyen la planeación estratégica de la entidad, se implementó el modelo y se realizaron actividades de control estratégico.

Using reflective journaling to improve the orientation of graduate nurses.

Science.gov (United States)

Lepianka, Julie Elizabeth

2014-08-01

Reflective journaling is valuable in improving critical thinking and problem solving in nursing students. Incorporating reflective journaling into the orientation process with new nursing graduates may decrease anxiety during this challenging transition while continuing to improve critical thinking. Engaging graduate nurses in reflective journaling during the orientation process may result in more satisfied, competent nurses overall. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

Process analytical technology (PAT) in insect and mammalian cell culture processes: dielectric spectroscopy and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM).

Science.gov (United States)

Druzinec, Damir; Weiss, Katja; Elseberg, Christiane; Salzig, Denise; Kraume, Matthias; Pörtner, Ralf; Czermak, Peter

2014-01-01

Modern bioprocesses demand for a careful definition of the critical process parameters (CPPs) already during the early stages of process development in order to ensure high-quality products and satisfactory yields. In this context, online monitoring tools can be applied to recognize unfavorable changes of CPPs during the production processes and to allow for early interventions in order to prevent losses of production batches due to quality issues. Process analytical technologies such as the dielectric spectroscopy or focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) are possible online monitoring tools, which can be applied to monitor cell growth as well as morphological changes. Since the dielectric spectroscopy only captures cells with intact cell membranes, even information about dead cells with ruptured or leaking cell membranes can be derived. The following chapter describes the application of dielectric spectroscopy on various virus-infected and non-infected cell lines with respect to adherent as well as suspension cultures in common stirred tank reactors. The adherent mammalian cell lines Vero (African green monkey kidney cells) and hMSC-TERT (telomerase-immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells) are thereby cultured on microcarrier, which provide the required growth surface and allow the cultivation of these cells even in dynamic culture systems. In turn, the insect-derived cell lines S2 and Sf21 are used as examples for cells typically cultured in suspension. Moreover, the FBRM technology as a further monitoring tool for cell culture applications has been included in this chapter using the example of Drosophila S2 insect cells.

Direct observation of ballistic Andreev reflection

Science.gov (United States)

Klapwijk, T. M.; Ryabchun, S. A.

2014-12-01

An overview is presented of experiments on ballistic electrical transport in inhomogeneous superconducting systems which are controlled by the process of Andreev reflection. The initial experiments based on the coexistence of a normal phase and a superconducting phase in the intermediate state led to the concept itself. It was followed by a focus on geometrically inhomogeneous systems like point contacts, which provided a very clear manifestation of the energy and direction dependence of the Andreev reflection process. The point contacts have recently evolved towards the atomic scale owing to the use of mechanical break-junctions, revealing a very detailed dependence of Andreev reflection on the macroscopic phase of the superconducting state. In present-day research, the superconducting in homogeneity is constructed by clean room technology and combines superconducting materials, for example, with low-dimensional materials and topological insulators. Alternatively, the superconductor is combined with nano-objects, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or semiconducting nanowires. Each of these "inhomogeneous systems" provides a very interesting range of properties, all rooted in some manifestation of Andreev reflection.

Spectral implementation of full waveform inversion based on reflections

KAUST Repository

Wu, Zedong; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2014-01-01

Using the reflection imaging process as a source to model reflections for full waveform inversion (FWI), referred to as reflection FWI (RFWI), allows us to update the background component of the model, and avoid using the relatively costly migration

[Assessment of the validity and reliability of the processes of change scale based on the transtheoretical model of vegetable consumption behavior in Japanese male workers].

Science.gov (United States)

Kushida, Osamu; Murayama, Nobuko

2012-12-01

A core construct of the Transtheoretical model is that the processes and stages of change are strongly related to observable behavioral changes. We created the Processes of Change Scale of vegetable consumption behavior and examined the validity and reliability of this scale. In September 2009, a self-administered questionnaire was administered to male Japanese employees, aged 20-59 years, working at 20 worksites in Niigata City in Japan. The stages of change (precontempration, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stage) were measured using 2 items that assessed participants' current implementation of the target behavior (eating 5 or more servings of vegetables per day) and their readiness to change their habits. The Processes of Change Scale of vegetable consumption behavior comprised 10 items assessing 5 cognitive processes (consciousness raising, emotional arousal, environmental reevaluation, self-reevaluation, and social liberation) and 5 behavioral processes (commitment, rewards, helping relationships, countering, and environment control). Each item was selected from an existing scale. Decisional balance (pros [2 items] and cons [2 items]), and self-efficacy (3 items) were also assessed, because these constructs were considered to be relevant to the processes of change. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Its construct validity was examined using a factor analysis of the processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy variables, while its criterion-related validity was determined by assessing the association between the scale scores and the stages of change. The data of 527 (out of 600) participants (mean age, 41.1 years) were analyzed. Results indicated that the Processes of Change Scale had sufficient internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha: cognitive processes=0.722, behavioral processes=0.803). The processes of change were divided into 2 factors: "consciousness raising

Insight in Schizophrenia: Involvement of Self-Reflection Networks?

Science.gov (United States)

de Vos, Annerieke E.

2013-01-01

Background: Impaired insight is a common feature in psychosis and an important predictor of variables such as functional outcome, prognosis, and treatment adherence. A cognitive process that may underlie insight in psychosis is self-reflection, or the conscious evaluation of one’s traits and characteristics. The current study aims to investigate the neural correlates of self-reflective processing and its relationship with insight in schizophrenia. Methods: Forty-seven schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy controls performed a self-reflection task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The tasks comprised a self-reflection, close other-reflection, and a semantic (baseline) condition. Insight scores were obtained with the Schedule of Assessment of Insight Expanded. In addition, cognitive insight scores were obtained (Beck Cognitive Insight Scale [BCIS]). Results: Schizophrenia patients demonstrated less activation in the posterior cingulate cortex in the self- and other-reflection conditions and less activation in the precuneus in the other-reflection condition compared with healthy controls. Better insight was associated with greater response in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, and inferior parietal lobule during self-reflection. In addition, better cognitive insight was associated with higher activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during self-reflection. Conclusion: In the current study, evidence for a relationship between self-reflection and insight in patients with schizophrenia was found in brain areas related to self-reflection, self/other distinction and source attribution. The findings support the rationale for a treatment that is currently under evaluation, which attempts to increase insight by enhancing self-reflection. PMID:23104865

Diseño de un sistema de información, bajo un enfoque de inteligencia de negocios, para el proceso de toma de decisiones. Caso: Empresa Diafoot

OpenAIRE

Pozo Cadena, Juan Carlos

2016-01-01

Los sistemas de inteligencia de negocios asisten y potencian los procesos de toma de decisiones, a través de los datos acumulados que las empresas disponen y cuya explotación inadecuada genera inconsistencias, múltiples versiones de la verdad y un desperdicio de tiempo y recursos. El presente trabajo de investigación plantea el diseño de un sistema de información, bajo el enfoque de inteligencia de negocios, el cual mide, dimensiona e interrelaciona los datos que Diafoot dispone y requiere co...

Improvements in anatomy knowledge when utilizing a novel cyclical "Observe-Reflect-Draw-Edit-Repeat" learning process.

Science.gov (United States)

Backhouse, Mark; Fitzpatrick, Michael; Hutchinson, Joseph; Thandi, Charankumal S; Keenan, Iain D

2017-01-01

Innovative educational strategies can provide variety and enhance student learning while addressing complex logistical and financial issues facing modern anatomy education. Observe-Reflect-Draw-Edit-Repeat (ORDER), a novel cyclical artistic process, has been designed based on cognitivist and constructivist learning theories, and on processes of critical observation, reflection and drawing in anatomy learning. ORDER was initially investigated in the context of a compulsory first year surface anatomy practical (ORDER-SAP) at a United Kingdom medical school in which a cross-over trial with pre-post anatomy knowledge testing was utilized and student perceptions were identified. Despite positive perceptions of ORDER-SAP, medical student (n = 154) pre-post knowledge test scores were significantly greater (P learning methods (3.26, SD = ±2.25) than with ORDER-SAP (2.17, ±2.30). Based on these findings, ORDER was modified and evaluated in the context of an optional self-directed gross anatomy online interactive tutorial (ORDER-IT) for participating first year medical students (n = 55). Student performance was significantly greater (P  0.05) to those students without these characteristics. These findings will be of value to anatomy instructors seeking to engage students from diverse learning backgrounds in a research-led, innovative, time and cost-effective learning method, in the context of contrasting learning environments. Anat Sci Educ 10: 7-22. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.

Implementing reflection: insights from pre-registration mental health students.

Science.gov (United States)

Donovan, Moira O

2007-08-01

Reflection and reflective practice continues to be contentious issues in nursing. The focus of this article is the use of reflection by pre-registration mental health students. The broad aim of this preliminary study was to discover student mental health nurses' perceptions of reflection as a learning strategy during clinical placement. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology [Charmaz, K., 2000. Grounded theory: Objectivist and Constructivist Methods. In: Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research, second ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, California], five students were interviewed individually in their clinical placements. Data analysis revealed three major categories: understanding the process of reflection, using reflection in clinical practice, and needing support and guidance. Findings indicated that students were primarily using reflection-on-action, but to varying extents. Overall, students felt that reflection facilitated their learning. Factors were discovered that both helped and hindered students' use of reflection. These included level of preparation to reflect, a limited culture of reflection and the level of support from preceptors, clinical staff, clinical placement co-ordinators, and lecturers. In conclusion, it appears that a collaborative approach between students, Health Service Providers and institutes of nursing is vital for the successful development and implementation of reflective learning strategies in clinical placement. Suggestions are made as to how a collaborative approach may be developed to enhance this process.

EFFECTS OF FATLIQURING PROCESS ON LEATHERS COLOURED WITH IR REFLECTIVE DYES AND PIGMENTS

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MUTLU Mehmet Mete

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Black coloured materials and consumer goods are known to be heating up more, because they absorb sun radiation more than light colours. This heating is a problem for the users for black automotive or motorcycle leathers and also for dark shoes and boots which are exposed to sun heat. Human vision system can distinguish visible colours between the wavelengths of 390-700 nm. So reflecting the sun radiation in the infrared area of radiation spectrum higher than 700nm, is a solution for heating problem without affecting the visible colour. For this reason IR reflective dyes and pigments are designed. A leading Leather Chemical Company has developed an IR reflecting dyeing system for leather keeping the dark coloured leathers cooler under sun radiation. Additionally in theory, fat and water content of leather affects its heating properties. In this study, effect of natural, synthetic and waterproof fatliquoring systems on heating properties of leathers coloured with IR reflective dyes and pigments are investigated.

Personal Professional Reflection as Interdisciplinary Problem

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Rezvan Oksana

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Consideration of professional reflection as interdisciplinary problem is the necessary condition of quality analysis for personal professional becoming. Personal becoming in a profession is related to forming the necessary professional skills of a person, behaviour stereotypes which is the area of pedagogics. Reflection processes are inalienable part of self-knowledge of a person which result must lead to his self-perfection (including professional one and studying within the psychology increasingly. Thus the aim of the article is to ground the determination of professional reflection as an interdisciplinary problem in pedagogics and psychology.

Ethical conflicts and the process of reflection in undergraduate nursing students in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramos, Flávia Regina Souza; Brehmer, Laura Cavalcanti de Farias; Vargas, Mara Ambrosina; Trombetta, Ana Paula; Silveira, Luciana Ramos; Drago, Laila

2015-06-01

Nursing students on clinical placements as part of their professional training are routinely faced with situations involving ethical conflicts. The initial act of perceiving a situation as causing an ethical dilemma is the result of both the students' personal values, drawn from their culture and families, and of the professional knowledge and values that they have acquired through training and experience. Nursing students' experiences on clinical placements in primary care settings were investigated in order to identify situations that they perceived as involving ethical conflict and describe the elements they took into consideration during their decision-making processes in these situations. The research design was qualitative descriptive case study. Around 50 students from three different intakes to a nursing degree answered a questionnaire and discussed it in focus groups. The study was designed in accordance with the principles guiding research with human beings and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Synthesised into two principal axes: (a) ethical conflicts in primary care, linked with the domains of working processes, professional nursing ethics and human and social rights and (b) students' decision-making processes - realisation, reflection and intervention. The student nurses saw themselves both as actors and spectators in situations involving ethical problems and demanding moral deliberation, demonstrating the ability to base their arguments soundly. They tended to emphasise the possibilities offered by dialogue and that different ethical values must be respected to find fair solutions to ethical problems. © The Author(s) 2014.

Adolescents, neurosciences et prise de décisions médicales: devrions-nous revoir certaines dispositions du Code civil du Québec?

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Brabant, Brigitte

2016-02-01

Full Text Available In the Province of Quebec, an adolescent aged 14 years or older may, subject to a few exceptions, consent alone to medical treatment required for his or her condition. However, neuroscience research on the adolescent’s brain indicates that: 1 the acquisition of “brain maturity” is a continuing process, which can last until the mid-twenties and 2 certain decisional capacities such as assessment of short and long-term risks and benefits differ from those of adults, particularly in emotionally charged situations. I argue that, from the perspective of a child’s best interest, the neurophysiological capacity of the adolescent should be taken into consideration in the health care context. Thus, I question the adequacy of the presumption of ability to make autonomous judgments from the age of 14, and point out the paradox of allowing judicial review of such judgments in cases of refusal of treatment. I also question the relevance of age considerations in the context of the doctor-patient relationship, where assessment of decisional ability is of the essence in obtaining an informed consent. Finally, I question the exclusion of parents from the decision-making process in light of both their continuing responsibility to protect their child’s best interests and the benefits that parental guidance may provide to the adolescent. Consequently, I argue that a reconsideration of the case for giving decisional authority to the adolescent aged 14 or older is desirable and that a uniform standard, with a few possible exceptions, applicable throughout childhood would better reflect recent neuroscience findings.

The Reflective Learning Continuum: Reflecting on Reflection

Science.gov (United States)

Peltier, James W.; Hay, Amanda; Drago, William

2005-01-01

The importance of reflection to marketing educators is increasingly recognized. However, there is a lack of empirical research that considers reflection within the context of both the marketing and general business education literature. This article describes the use of an instrument that can be used to measure four identified levels of a…

Reflective Drawing as a Tool for Reflection in Design Research

Science.gov (United States)

Calvo, Mirian

2017-01-01

This article explores the role of drawing as a tool for reflection. It reports on a PhD research project that aims to identify and analyse the value that co-design processes can bring to participants and their communities. The research is associated with Leapfrog, a three-year project funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC).…

Modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias. Implementación en una UBPC del municipio Martí (Parte II¹

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Maybe Campos

Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo ofrecer los resultados de la implementación de un modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en una unidad básica de producción cooperativa (UBPC del municipio Martí en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba, específicamente el análisis de un conjunto de indicadores económicos, ambientales y técnico-productivos. El punto de partida fue la desfavorable situación económica y ambiental que presentaba la UBPC en 2005, lo cual exigió un análisis estratégico enfocado hacia el desarrollo sostenible a partir de la óptima y racional utilización de los recursos existentes; ello incluyó la formulación de 12 estrategias generales. La comprobación de la efectividad de la implementación del modelo de gestión estratégica (MGE se basó en su factibilidad de aplicación, en la cual se tuvo en cuenta la valoración de 15 expertos competentes de la entidad con un apreciable coeficiente de concordancia y los cambios tangibles e intangibles que se generaron entre 2006 y 2011. Con la implementación del MGE se contribuyó a dotar a la UBPC de un proceder organizativo consciente, integrador y sistematizado para la gestión estratégica, el cual apoye la toma de decisiones.

Estudio comparativo de las decisiones de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo español y los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre las implicaciones psicológicas en menores en situación de guarda y custodia compartida

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Marta Marín

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se toma como referencia la modificación de la Ley 15/2005 en el Código Civil español, donde se introduce el concepto de guarda y custodia compartida por primera vez en España. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer si existe una relación entre los resultados de las investigaciones con base empírica y las decisiones judiciales acerca de los efectos que producen en menores la guarda y custodia compartidas. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las investigaciones relativas a las consecuencias de la custodia compartida, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Posteriormente, se han comparado los resultados de las investigaciones con las decisiones de los magistrados, obtenidas tras realizar un análisis de la jurisprudencia de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015.

Compton Reflection in AGN with Simbol-X

Science.gov (United States)

Beckmann, V.; Courvoisier, T. J.-L.; Gehrels, N.; Lubiński, P.; Malzac, J.; Petrucci, P. O.; Shrader, C. R.; Soldi, S.

2009-05-01

AGN exhibit complex hard X-ray spectra. Our current understanding is that the emission is dominated by inverse Compton processes which take place in the corona above the accretion disk, and that absorption and reflection in a distant absorber play a major role. These processes can be directly observed through the shape of the continuum, the Compton reflection hump around 30 keV, and the iron fluorescence line at 6.4 keV. We demonstrate the capabilities of Simbol-X to constrain complex models for cases like MCG-05-23-016, NGC 4151, NGC 2110, and NGC 4051 in short (10 ksec) observations. We compare the simulations with recent observations on these sources by INTEGRAL, Swift and Suzaku. Constraining reflection models for AGN with Simbol-X will help us to get a clear view of the processes and geometry near to the central engine in AGN, and will give insight to which sources are responsible for the Cosmic X-ray background at energies >20 keV.

INFLUENCIA DE LOS INVERSIONISTAS INSTITUCIONALES EN LAS DECISIONES DE ESTRUCTURA DE CAPITAL DE LA EMPRESA. Evidencia para un mercado emergente

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Felipe Araya Sepúlveda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza empíricamente la influencia de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensión (AFP como principales accionistas institucionales, sobre las decisiones de estructura de capital de la empresa chilena. Estos inversionistas pueden influir en la estructura de capital mediante distintos papeles como los de monitoreo a la gestión y de recopilación y transferencia de información al mercado. El análisis es desarrollado durante el periodo 2009-2011 para una muestra de 109 empresas chilenas que cotizan en la bolsa. Las AFP no sólo participan en el mercado accionario sino que también compiten por la deuda pública, por lo que nuestros resultados son relevantes al indicar la positiva influencia de este tipo de inversionistas en la contratación y emisión de deuda, particularmente la pública.

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

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Anahí Briozzo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina, se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se endeudan en mayor medida, mientras que las empresas que adoptan formas legales con responsabilidad limitada se diferencian en un mayor uso de créditos con garantías reales. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de diseñar políticas de apoyo focalizadas hacia los distintos segmentos de empresas

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anahí Briozzo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina, se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se endeudan en mayor medida, mientras que las empresas que adoptan formas legales con responsabilidad limitada se diferencian en un mayor uso de créditos con garantías reales. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de diseñar políticas de apoyo focalizadas hacia los distintos segmentos de empresas.

Looking Inward: Philosophical and Methodological Perspectives on Phenomenological Self-Reflection.

Science.gov (United States)

Pool, Natalie M

2018-07-01

Engaging in early and ongoing self-reflection during interpretive phenomenological research is critical for ensuring trustworthiness or rigor. However, the lack of guidelines and clarity about the role of self-reflection in this methodology creates both theoretical and procedural confusion. The purpose of this article is to describe key philosophical underpinnings, characteristics, and hallmarks of the process of self-reflection in interpretive phenomenological investigation and to provide a list of guidelines that facilitate this process. Excerpts from an interpretive phenomenological study are used to illustrate characteristics of quality self-reflection. The guidelines are intended to be particularly beneficial for novice researchers who may find self-reflective writing to be daunting and unclear. Facilitating use of self-reflection may strengthen both the interpretive phenomenological body of work as well as that of all qualitative research.

Reflective Journaling for Critical Thinking Development in Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Students.

Science.gov (United States)

Raterink, Ginger

2016-02-01

Critical thinking, clinical decision making, and critical reflection have been identified as skills required of nurses in every clinical situation. The Educating Nurses: A Call for Radical Transformation report suggested that critical reflection is a key to improving the educational process. Reflective journaling is a tool that helps develop such skills. This article presents the tool of reflective journaling and the use of this process by educators working with students. It describes the use of reflective journaling in graduate nursing education, as well as a scoring process to evaluate the reflection and provide feedback. Students and faculty found the journaling to be helpful for reflection of a clinical situation focused on critical thinking skill development. The rubric scoring tool provided faculty with a method for feedback. Reflective journaling is a tool that faculty and students can use to develop critical thinking skills for the role of the advanced practice RN. A rubric scoring system offers a consistent format for feedback. Copyright 2016, SLACK Incorporated.

Manipulating acoustic wave reflection by a nonlinear elastic metasurface

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Xinxin; Gusev, Vitalyi E.; Bertoldi, Katia; Tournat, Vincent

2018-03-01

The acoustic wave reflection properties of a nonlinear elastic metasurface, derived from resonant nonlinear elastic elements, are theoretically and numerically studied. The metasurface is composed of a two degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with quadratic elastic nonlinearity. The possibility of converting, during the reflection process, most of the fundamental incoming wave energy into the second harmonic wave is shown, both theoretically and numerically, by means of a proper design of the nonlinear metasurface. The theoretical results from the harmonic balance method for a monochromatic source are compared with time domain simulations for a wave packet source. This protocol allows analyzing the dynamics of the nonlinear reflection process in the metasurface as well as exploring the limits of the operating frequency bandwidth. The reported methodology can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear metasurfaces, thus possibly extending the family of exotic nonlinear reflection processes.

Reflect: a practical approach to web semantics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

O'Donoghue, S.I.; Horn, Heiko; Pafilisa, E.

2010-01-01

To date, adding semantic capabilities to web content usually requires considerable server-side re-engineering, thus only a tiny fraction of all web content currently has semantic annotations. Recently, we announced Reflect (http://reflect.ws), a free service that takes a more practical approach......: Reflect uses augmented browsing to allow end-users to add systematic semantic annotations to any web-page in real-time, typically within seconds. In this paper we describe the tagging process in detail and show how further entity types can be added to Reflect; we also describe how publishers and content...... web technologies....

INTO THE DEEP REFLECTION ON LEARNING TEACHING PRACTICE

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Cecilia Ortega-Díaz

2015-07-01

Full Text Available One of the key priorities in the course of initial training for mainstream schools is the reflection of teaching practice, which is why it is necessary to learn how to analyze this process, for it is part of the deep learning approach; recognizing that reflection is central for innovation processes in professional practice. The research presented part of a qualitative study on the phenomenology depth interviews with students of fifth semester of the degree in early childhood education in a regular school in the State of Mexico apply. The results show that learning from reflection of teaching practice leans shallow focus.

Investigating novice doctors' reflections in debriefings after simulation scenarios

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kihlgren, Per; Spanager, Lene; Dieckmann, Peter

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Debriefing is pivotal to the simulation learning process, and the reflection that it aims to foster is fundamental in experiential learning. Despite its importance, essential aspects of debriefing remain unclear. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate reflection in debriefings by assessing...... be appropriated to the given context. The rating of reflection levels is a promising approach to analyze reflection in conversation in experience-based learning situations....

The influence of masker type on early reflection processing and speech intelligibility (L)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arweiler, Iris; Buchholz, Jörg M.; Dau, Torsten

2013-01-01

Arweiler and Buchholz [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 996-1005 (2011)] showed that, while the energy of early reflections (ERs) in a room improves speech intelligibility, the benefit is smaller than that provided by the energy of the direct sound (DS). In terms of integration of ERs and DS, binaural...... listening did not provide a benefit from ERs apart from a binaural energy summation, such that monaural auditory processing could account for the data. However, a diffuse speech shaped noise (SSN) was used in the speech intelligibility experiments, which does not provide distinct binaural cues...... to the auditory system. In the present study, the monaural and binaural benefit from ERs for speech intelligibility was investigated using three directional maskers presented from 90° azimuth: a SSN, a multi-talker babble, and a reversed two-talker masker. For normal-hearing as well as hearing-impaired listeners...

Diseño de sistema experto para toma de decisiones de compra de materiales

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Carlos A. Torres Navarro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la factibilidad de integración entre las teorías de inventarios y de sistemas expertos a través del diseño de un sistema informático basado en el conocimiento para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones en el área de logística y abastecimiento de una empresa forestal líder en Latino América. La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión de publicaciones científicas de acceso online sobre modelos de inventarios, criterios de clasificación multicriterio ABC e identificación de los componentes de sistemas expertos basados en el conocimiento. Los resultados permiten disponer de un diseño de sistema experto soportado por planillas Excel, programación de macros en Visual Basic e interacción con un sistema informático de planificación de recursos empresariales. Las principales conclusiones son que es factible la integración entre la teoría de inventarios, la utilización de una clasificación multicriterio ABC con la teoría de sistemas expertos basados en conocimientos de tipo tácito y explícito y además, es posible lograr una reducción del 40% del capital de trabajo retenido en inventarios

Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development as well as “studies as usual”: a thematic analysis of medical students’ reflective writing

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Semb O

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Olof Semb,1 Niclas Kaiser,2 Sven-Olof Andersson,1 Elisabet Sundbom3 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Division for Professional Development, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 2Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, Division for Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Abstract: Reflective writing in medical training has been shown to be most effective when combined with some form of personal meeting or dialog. During a course in medical psychology for medical students, reflective texts were followed up by an individual personal talk with a teacher from the course. Thematic analysis of the texts revealed four separate sub-themes: 1 the course has enabled me and the class to develop, which is good albeit arduous; 2 understanding myself is a resource in understanding people as well as knowing psychology; 3 the course provided me with new, purely intellectual skills as well as eye-openers; and 4 the receiving teacher is an integral part of my reflective writing. The main theme, capturing the students’ writing process, concluded that students perceive the course as “Learning psychology as a challenging process towards development” as well as “studies as usual”. Ethical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects are discussed in the paper. Keywords: reflective writing, self-knowledge, individual personal talks, thematic analysis, medical education

Elements of reflection for an energy policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nifenecker, H.

2005-01-01

Any energy policy must be considered at three different levels: world, European and national. It must make a distinction between the objectives to reach, the technical means to be implemented and it must define the most suitable economical methods. This document makes such an analysis: the energy scenarios at the world level (different energy needs, energy intensities and CO 2 productions), the share of nuclear energy (new reactor types), of hydrogen and of renewable energy sources; the energy policy at the European scale (different possible roles for the European Union: general guidelines, or decisional liability); the choices that France should make: development of renewable energy sources, of hydrogen and of mass transportation systems. (J.S.)

Herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones y prospectiva territorial

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Silvia Luna

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En la Provincia de Santa Cruz el área cordillerana es la más postergada en términos de poblamiento y cualificación de sus territorios. En este espacio de cerca de 100.000 km2 ubicado sobre la traza de la Ruta Nacional 40 y la frontera con Chile, cinco municipios y tres comisiones de fomento reunían en 2001 menos de 25.000 habitantes. Estos espacios experimentan particularmente desde fines del Siglo pasado profundas transformaciones territoriales: penetración de nuevas actividades y capitales, acelerada inserción en mercados internacionales y modificaciones en las relaciones entre grupos sociales afectando las formas de organización de la producción y del espacio.Las dinámicas de las actividades dominantes son fundamentalmente extractivas, como la minería y la explotación de hidrocarburos, que lentamente se despliega hacia el oeste provincial, determinadas por un escenario internacional de disputa por la valoración y el acceso a recursos naturales entre grandes empresas trasnacionales y sociedades.El plan se encuadró en el Subproyecto Herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones del Proyecto de Investigación UNPA 29 A/254-2 Desarrollo territorial y recursos naturales en el espacio cordillerano santacruceño. Potencialidades, vulnerabilidades y proyectos regionales dirigido por Alejandro Schweitzer y codirigido por Boris Díaz. A tal efecto se trabajó en particular en torno al estudio de indicadores de desarrollo territorial y la integración de unidades espaciales en el marco de su incorporación a los sistemas de información territorial y la captura y procesamiento de información en campo por medio de entrevistas e inventarios particularmente sobre la Micro-Región de Río Turbio.

Proyectando el futuro: un estudio sobre toma de decisiones vocacionales desde un enfoque narrativo autobiográfico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús Rubio-Jiménez

2017-11-01

Full Text Available El trabajo que presentamos se desarrolla en el marco de la educación secundaria obligatoria y se centra en la perspectiva de seis alumnos y una alumna con dificultades de aprendizaje procedentes de una pequeña población rural española. El diseño incluye algunos aspectos novedosos al combinar estrategias de investigación e intervención basadas en las nociones de mediación y re-mediación socio-cultural. Se asume un doble objetivo analítico y práctico: por un lado, analizar la forma como los estudiantes construyen discursivamente significados identitarios vinculados con la toma de decisiones sobre su futuro; por otro, ofrecer a los orientados herramientas que, a modo de dispositivo re-mediador, faciliten la tarea reflexiva que supone la construcción y proyección de la propia carrera académica y laboral. Se concluye que el uso reflexivo de narrativas autobiográficas permite integrar la orientación vocacional en el contexto social, cultural e institucional en que se produce, logrando así una mayor significatividad e impacto en la vida del orientado.

¿Qué Determina el Desempeño en la Toma de Decisiones de Hombres y Mujeres?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Arenas Moreno

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende analizar el efecto del sexo sobre el desempeño en una tarea compleja de toma de decisiones. El rendimiento en tareas de logro está ligado a las dinámicas autorreguladoras, como la autoeficacia, las metas personales y el compromiso con la tarea, determinadas por variables disposicionales como la orientación de las metas o, estudiada más recientemente, la orientación hacia los errores. Concretamente, tratamos de comparar los procesos de autorregulación y factores disposicionales entre chicos y chicas estudiantes universitarios ante la realización de una tarea que simula la implementación de la innovación y el cambio en una organización. Los resultados muestran que son las mujeres quienes manifiestan una clara tendencia a comunicar los errores y se muestran menos preocupadas por demostrar competencia ante los demás. Sin embargo, ante las dificultades mostrarían sentirse menos capaces de afrontarlas, más angustiadas y se plantearían metas más bajas para su desempeño, lo que les llevaría finalmente a alcanzar un rendimiento inferior.

Involvement and Influence of Healthcare Providers, Family Members, and Other Mutation Carriers in the Cancer Risk Management Decision-Making Process of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.

Science.gov (United States)

Puski, Athena; Hovick, Shelly; Senter, Leigha; Toland, Amanda Ewart

2018-03-29

Deciding between increased cancer screening or prophylactic surgery and the timing of such procedures can be a difficult and complex process for women with BRCA mutations. There are gaps in our understanding of involvement of others in the decision-making process for women with BRCA mutations. This study evaluated the management decision-making process of women with BRCA mutations, focusing on the involvement of others. Grounded theory was used to analyze and code risk management decision-making information from interviews with 20 BRCA mutation carriers. Unaffected at-risk participants with a BRCA mutation, those under age 40, and those with no children described having a difficult time making risk management decisions. Physicians were an integral part of the decision-making process by providing decisional support and management recommendations. Family members and other mutation carriers filled similar yet distinct roles by providing experiential information as well as decisional and emotional support for carriers. Participants described genetic counselors as short-term providers of risk information and management recommendations. The study findings suggest that unaffected at-risk women, women under 40, and those who do not have children may benefit from additional support and information during the decision-making process. Genetic counselors are well trained to help women through this process and connect them with resources, and may be under-utilized in long-term follow-up for women with a BRCA mutation.

Solution-processable MoOx nanocrystals enable highly efficient reflective and semitransparent polymer solar cells

KAUST Repository

Jagadamma, Lethy Krishnan

2016-09-09

Solution-manufacturing of organic solar cells with best-in-class power conversion efficiency (PCE) will require all layers to be solution-coated without compromising solar cell performance. To date, the hole transporting layer (HTL) deposited on top of the organic bulk heterojunction layer in the inverted architecture is most commonly an ultrathin (<10 nm) metal oxide layer prepared by vacuum-deposition. Here, we show that an alcohol-based nanocrystalline MoOx suspension with carefully controlled nanocrystal (NC) size can yield state of the art reflective and semitransparent solar cells. Using NCs smaller than the target HTL thickness (∼10 nm) can yield compact, pinhole-free films which result in highly efficient polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with PCE=9.5%. The solution processed HTL is shown to achieve performance parity with vacuum-evaporated HTLs for several polymer:fullerene combinations and is even shown to work as hole injection layer in polymer light emitting diodes (PLED). We also demonstrate that larger MoOx NCs (30–50 nm) successfully composite MoOx with Ag nanowires (NW) to form a highly conducting, transparent top anode with exceptional contact properties. This yields state-of-the-art semitransparent polymer: fullerene solar cells with PCE of 6.5% and overall transmission >30%. The remarkable performance of reflective and semitransparent OPVs is due to the uncommonly high fill factors achieved using a carefully designed strategy for implementation of MoOx nanocrystals as HTL materials. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Modelos de optimización matemática para el sistema de soporte de decisiones en el planeamiento a largo plazo en una mina a tajo abierto

OpenAIRE

Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo; Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo

2000-01-01

Se ha desarrollado un Sistema para el Soporte de Decisiones (SSD), en una empresa minera a tajo abierto, orientado a apoyar en la creación de los planes de producción e inversión a largo plazo, dicho SSD está compuesto por un subsistema de modelos, usados para generar los planes de producción e inversión, un subsistema de información para las operaciones transaccionales de la empresa y una interface de usuario final para el ingreso de parámetros, manejo del modelo y presentación de resultados...

Brain reflections: A circuit-based framework for understanding information processing and cognitive control.

Science.gov (United States)

Gratton, Gabriele

2018-03-01

Here, I propose a view of the architecture of the human information processing system, and of how it can be adapted to changing task demands (which is the hallmark of cognitive control). This view is informed by an interpretation of brain activity as reflecting the excitability level of neural representations, encoding not only stimuli and temporal contexts, but also action plans and task goals. The proposed cognitive architecture includes three types of circuits: open circuits, involved in feed-forward processing such as that connecting stimuli with responses and characterized by brief, transient brain activity; and two types of closed circuits, positive feedback circuits (characterized by sustained, high-frequency oscillatory activity), which help select and maintain representations, and negative feedback circuits (characterized by brief, low-frequency oscillatory bursts), which are instead associated with changes in representations. Feed-forward activity is primarily responsible for the spread of activation along the information processing system. Oscillatory activity, instead, controls this spread. Sustained oscillatory activity due to both local cortical circuits (gamma) and longer corticothalamic circuits (alpha and beta) allows for the selection of individuated representations. Through the interaction of these circuits, it also allows for the preservation of representations across different temporal spans (sensory and working memory) and their spread across the brain. In contrast, brief bursts of oscillatory activity, generated by novel and/or conflicting information, lead to the interruption of sustained oscillatory activity and promote the generation of new representations. I discuss how this framework can account for a number of psychological and behavioral phenomena. © 2017 Society for Psychophysiological Research.

Self-reflection and positive schizotypy in the adolescent brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Debbané, Martin; Vrtička, Pascal; Lazouret, Marine; Badoud, Deborah; Sander, David; Eliez, Stephan

2014-01-01

Clinical and phenomenological accounts of schizophrenia suggest that impairments in self-reflective processes significantly contribute to psychopathological expression. Recent imaging studies observe atypical cerebral activation patterns during self-reflection, especially around the cortical midline structures, both in psychosis-prone adults and individuals with schizophrenia. Given that self-reflection processes consolidate during adolescence, and that early transient expression of psychosis (positive schizotypy) also arises during this period, the present study sought to examine whether atypical cerebral activation during self-reflection task could be associated with early schizotypic expression during adolescence. Forty-two neurotypical adolescent participants (19 females) aged from 12 to 19 (15.92±1.9) underwent a self-reflection task using functional neuroimaging (fMRI), where they had to evaluate trait adjectives (1 to 4 ratings) about themselves or their same sex best friend. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) was employed to assess positive schizotypic expression. Results showed that positive schizotypy in adolescents significantly correlated with cortical midline activation patterns in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), as well as the dorsolateral PFC and the lingual gyrus. The results are consistent with previous imaging literature on self-reflection and schizophrenia. They further highlight that the relationship between self-reflection processes and positive schizotypy operates at the trait level of expression and can be observed as early as adolescence. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The reflectivity, wettability and scratch durability of microsurface features molded in the injection molding process using a dynamic tool tempering system

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhn, Sascha; Burr, August; Kübler, Michael; Deckert, Matthias; Bleesen, Christoph

2011-02-01

In this paper the replication qualities of periodically and randomly arranged micro-features molded in the injection molding process and their effects on surface properties are studied. The features are molded in PC, PMMA and PP at different mold wall temperatures in order to point out the necessity and profitability of a variotherm mold wall temperature control system. A one-dimensional heat conduction model is proposed to predict the cycle times of the variotherm injection molding processes. With regard to these processes, the molding results are compared to the molded surface feature heights using an atomic force microscope. In addition, the effects of the molded surface features on macroscopic surfaces are characterized in terms of light reflection using a spectrometer and in terms of water wettability by measuring the static contact angle. Furthermore, due to the sensitivity of the surface features on the molded parts, their durability is compared in a scratch test with a diamond tip. This leads to successful implementation in applications in which the optical appearance, in terms of gloss and reflection, and the water repellence, in terms of drag flow and adhesion, are of importance.

The reflectivity, wettability and scratch durability of microsurface features molded in the injection molding process using a dynamic tool tempering system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhn, Sascha; Burr, August; Kübler, Michael; Deckert, Matthias; Bleesen, Christoph

2011-01-01

In this paper the replication qualities of periodically and randomly arranged micro-features molded in the injection molding process and their effects on surface properties are studied. The features are molded in PC, PMMA and PP at different mold wall temperatures in order to point out the necessity and profitability of a variotherm mold wall temperature control system. A one-dimensional heat conduction model is proposed to predict the cycle times of the variotherm injection molding processes. With regard to these processes, the molding results are compared to the molded surface feature heights using an atomic force microscope. In addition, the effects of the molded surface features on macroscopic surfaces are characterized in terms of light reflection using a spectrometer and in terms of water wettability by measuring the static contact angle. Furthermore, due to the sensitivity of the surface features on the molded parts, their durability is compared in a scratch test with a diamond tip. This leads to successful implementation in applications in which the optical appearance, in terms of gloss and reflection, and the water repellence, in terms of drag flow and adhesion, are of importance.

Self-Reflective Journaling: A Tool for Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Giguere, Miriam

2012-01-01

This article outlines suggestions for the use of self-reflective journaling as an assessment method in dance technique classes. The use of self-reflection makes assessment a part of the learning process, not an imposed evaluation of a student's final product, particularly when it is related to personal goal setting. The article provides practical…

Spectral implementation of full waveform inversion based on reflections

KAUST Repository

Wu, Zedong

2014-01-01

Using the reflection imaging process as a source to model reflections for full waveform inversion (FWI), referred to as reflection FWI (RFWI), allows us to update the background component of the model, and avoid using the relatively costly migration velocity analysis (MVA), which usually relies on extended images. However, RFWI requires a good image to represent the current reflectivity, as well as, some effort to obtain good smooth gradients. We develop a spectral implementation of RFWI where the wavefield extrapolations and gradient evaluation are performed in the wavenumber domain, obtaining clean dispersion free and fast extrapolations. The gradient, in this case, yields three terms, two of which provide us with each side of the rabbit ear kernel, and the third, often ignored, provides a normalization of the reflectivity within the kernel, which can be used to obtain a reflectivity free background update. Since the image is imperfect (it is an adjoint, not an inverse), an optimization process for the third term scaling is implemented to achieve the smoothest gradient update. A rare application of RFWI on the reflectivity infested Marmousi model shows some of the potential of the approach.

High gain durable anti-reflective coating

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maghsoodi, Sina; Brophy, Brenor L.; Colson, Thomas E.; Gonsalves, Peter R.; Abrams, Ze' ev R.

2017-06-27

Disclosed herein are polysilsesquioxane-based anti-reflective coating (ARC) compositions, methods of preparation, and methods of deposition on a substrate. In one embodiment, the polysilsesquioxane of this disclosure is prepared in a two-step process of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of organoalkoxysilane followed by addition of tetralkoxysilane that generates silicone polymers with >40 mol % silanol based on Si-NMR. These high silanol siloxane polymers are stable and have a long shelf-life in polar organic solvents at room temperature. Also disclosed are low refractive index ARC made from these compositions with and without additives such as porogens, templates, thermal radical initiator, photo radical initiators, crosslinkers, Si--OH condensation catalyst and nano-fillers. Also disclosed are methods and apparatus for applying coatings to flat substrates including substrate pre-treatment processes, coating processes and coating curing processes including skin-curing using hot-air knives. Also disclosed are coating compositions and formulations for highly tunable, durable, highly abrasion-resistant functionalized anti-reflective coatings.

Challenging Narcissus, or Reflecting on Reflecting.

Science.gov (United States)

Achilles, C. M.

The concept of reflective practice and teaching people to be reflective practitioners is examined. The document begins with a look at professional knowledge according to three prominent professionals in the educational administration field: Schon, Schein, and Achilles. "Reflective" strategies that could be incorporated into courses and…

Do not resuscitate: reflections on an ethical dilemma.

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Jeannie

This is a reflective account of an ethical dilemma encountered while on placement on a cardiology ward. Reflection is a process which allows practitioners to reveal and expose thoughts, behaviours and feelings that are present at a particular time. All reflective models are based on the principle that purposeful reflection results in a better understanding and awareness, thus enhancing clinical practice (Driscoll and Teh 2001). The Gibbs' Reflective Cycle has been selected for its simplicity and ease of use to aid personal development. The dilemma was identified and analysed from a professional, ethical and legal perspective. Pseudonyms are used to maintain confidentiality and protect the identities of all parties involved.

Modelling binaural processes involved in simultaneous reflection masking: limitations of current models

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buchholz, Jörg

2007-01-01

Masked thresholds were measured for a single test reflection, masked by the direct sound, as a function of the reflection delay. This was done for diotic as well as for dichotic stimulus presentations and all stimuli were presented via headphones. The input signal was a 200-ms long broadband noise......, such as normalized cross-correlation models (e.g., Bernstein et al., 1999, JASA, pp. 870-876), the power-addition model (Zurek, 1979, JASA, pp. 1750-1757), or Equalization-Cancellation-based models (e.g., Breebaart et al., 2001, JASA, pp. 1074-1088), cannot account for the psychoacoustical data. The present talk...

Toward theoretical understanding of the fertility preservation decision-making process: examining information processing among young women with cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Hershberger, Patricia E; Finnegan, Lorna; Altfeld, Susan; Lake, Sara; Hirshfeld-Cytron, Jennifer

2013-01-01

Young women with cancer now face the complex decision about whether to undergo fertility preservation. Yet little is known about how these women process information involved in making this decision. The purpose of this article is to expand theoretical understanding of the decision-making process by examining aspects of information processing among young women diagnosed with cancer. Using a grounded theory approach, 27 women with cancer participated in individual, semistructured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed using constant-comparison techniques that were guided by 5 dimensions within the Contemplate phase of the decision-making process framework. In the first dimension, young women acquired information primarily from clinicians and Internet sources. Experiential information, often obtained from peers, occurred in the second dimension. Preferences and values were constructed in the third dimension as women acquired factual, moral, and ethical information. Women desired tailored, personalized information that was specific to their situation in the fourth dimension; however, women struggled with communicating these needs to clinicians. In the fifth dimension, women offered detailed descriptions of clinician behaviors that enhance or impede decisional debriefing. Better understanding of theoretical underpinnings surrounding women's information processes can facilitate decision support and improve clinical care.

The value of reflective journaling in undergraduate nursing education: a literature review.

Science.gov (United States)

Epp, Sheila

2008-09-01

The purpose of this literature review was to ascertain the evidence for the use of reflective journaling as a tool to promote the pedagogical strategy of reflection for the purpose of learning from practice for practice in undergraduate nursing education. Concept-centric. The literature review involved structured searches of all OVID gateway databases, EBSCO host databases, and Blackwell Synergy. Qualitative and Quantitative Studies from 1992 to 2006 were included if they focused on reflective journaling in undergraduate clinical education. Due to the vast plethora of literature on reflection, keywords were utilized to focus the search. Approximately 150 abstracts were reviewed for primary sources of research. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The review subsequently divided the literature into four content themes allowing for appraisal and analysis of the findings, followed by summary and key recommendations for nursing education and research. There was evidence that educators struggle to incorporate reflective processes into education; however, the research provided rationale and support for engaging undergraduate students in the reflective process. Researchers found reasonable levels of reflection in undergraduate students' journaling and educators reported students' learning as a result of reflective journaling. Further to this, there was evidence that writing reflectively improved over time; a learned skill also dependent on a good facilitator and trust. Unfortunately, there was a paucity of research that explored the undergraduate nurses' experiences with the process of having to create written communication, with a critical reflective focus on practice. Nursing educators are correct in pursuing the teaching and learning of the reflective process in undergraduate nursing education. Nurse educators need to utilize various tools and strategies for facilitating the growth of undergraduate students into reflective practitioners. Indeed there was

One-Step Real-Image Reflection Holograms

Science.gov (United States)

Buah-Bassuah, Paul K.; Vannoni, Maurizio; Molesini, Giuseppe

2007-01-01

A holographic process is presented where the object is made of the real image produced by a two-mirror system. Single-step reflection hologram recording is achieved. Details of the process are given, optics concepts are outlined and demonstrative results are presented. (Contains 6 figures and 2 footnotes.)

The N400 and Late Positive Complex (LPC Effects Reflect Controlled Rather than Automatic Mechanisms of Sentence Processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boris Kotchoubey

2012-08-01

Full Text Available This study compared automatic and controlled cognitive processes that underlie event-related potentials (ERPs effects during speech perception. Sentences were presented to French native speakers, and the final word could be congruent or incongruent, and presented at one of four levels of degradation (using a modulation with pink noise: no degradation, mild degradation (2 levels, or strong degradation. We assumed that degradation impairs controlled more than automatic processes. The N400 and Late Positive Complex (LPC effects were defined as the differences between the corresponding wave amplitudes to incongruent words minus congruent words. Under mild degradation, where controlled sentence-level processing could still occur (as indicated by behavioral data, both N400 and LPC effects were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation, where sentence processing was rather automatic (as indicated by behavioral data, no ERP effect remained. These results suggest that ERP effects elicited in complex contexts, such as sentences, reflect controlled rather than automatic mechanisms of speech processing. These results differ from the results of experiments that used word-pair or word-list paradigms.

Neurofinanzas: Cuando las Decisiones Financieras no son Racionales (Neurofinances: When finantial decisions are irrational

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manrique Hernández Ramírez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La teoría financiera, considerada como moderna, ha tratado alos humanos como “cajas negras”, pues sugiere que los detalles defuncionalidad de sus cerebros no pueden ser conocidos. Con esteplanteamiento se han creado teorías y modelos que especulan sobreel comportamiento que se supone deben seguir los humanosa partir del enfoque de las finanzas modernas o neoclásicas, y delplanteamiento dado por las finanzas conductuales. De forma contraria,las neurofinanzas intentan entender la conducta humana alanalizar los procesos fisiológicos reales que se dan en el cerebrohumano cuando éste es expuesto al riesgo financiero, utilizandopara ello las más modernas técnicas de la neurociencia. Todo lo anterior potencia la creación de un modelo más realista de latoma de decisiones que se espera logre, finalmente, explicar unaamplia variedad de comportamientos económicos y financierosindividuales que no logra hacer el modelo estándar. El objetivode la investigación bibliográfica desarrollada en este artículo esanalizar esta prometedora y novedosa línea de investigación detallandola importancia de su campo de estudio, las implicacionesque éste puede tener, los objetivos que persigue, sus principalesáreas de interés y los hallazgos e instrumentos de que se vale. Sedescribe, además, el proceso general con el que inicia este tipo deexperimentos y prometedoras líneas de investigación a futuro quepodrían implementarse en Latinoamérica.   ABSTRACT Modern financial theory considers human beings as“black boxes” whose brain functionalities can`t be identified.This statement has led to develop theories and modelsthat speculate about the behavior that humans follow fromthe theories proposed by modern or neoclassic finance, andfrom the one stated by conductive finance. On the otherhand, neurofinances try to understand human behavior analyzingthe real physiological processes happening in the humanbrain when it is exposed to financial risk using

Developing Skills in Counselling and Psychotherapy: A Scoping Review of Interpersonal Process Recall and Reflecting Team Methods in Initial Therapist Training

Science.gov (United States)

Meekums, Bonnie; Macaskie, Jane; Kapur, Tricia

2016-01-01

The authors conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature associated with Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) and Reflecting Team (RT) methods in order to find evidence for their use within skills development in therapist trainings. Inclusion criteria were: empirical research, reviews of empirical research, and responses to these; RT…

Activation of anterior insula during self-reflection.

Science.gov (United States)

Modinos, Gemma; Ormel, Johan; Aleman, André

2009-01-01

Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested activation of midline frontoparietal brain regions to be at the core of self-related processes. However, although some studies reported involvement of the insula, little attention has been paid to this region as forming part of the "self"-network. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we aimed at replicating and extending previous studies by scanning subjects whilst reflecting upon their own personal qualities as compared to those of an acquaintance. A third condition with statements about general knowledge was used to control for attention, semantic processing and decision making processes. The results showed a significant effect of task in brain activity, consistent with previous findings, by which both person conditions recruited a common set of medial prefrontal and posterior regions, yet significant differences between self and other were found in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Notably, significant neural activation in the left anterior insula was observed as uniquely associated with self-reflection. The results provide further evidence for the specific recruitment of anterior MPFC and ACC regions for self-related processing, and highlight a role for the insula in self-reflection. As the insula is closely connected with ascending internal body signals, this may indicate that the accumulation of changes in affective states that might be implied in self-processing may contribute to our sense of self.

Velocity Building by Reflection Waveform Inversion without Cycle-skipping

KAUST Repository

Guo, Qiang; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali; Wu, Zedong

2017-01-01

Reflection waveform inversion (RWI) provides estimation of low wavenumber model components using reflections generated from a migration/demigration process. The resulting model tends to be a good initial model for FWI. In fact, the optimization

Glue Film Thickness Measurements by Spectral Reflectance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marshall, B.R.

2010-01-01

Spectral reflectance was used to determine the thickness of thin glue layers in a study of the effect of the glue on radiance and reflectance measurements of shocked-tin substrates attached to lithium fluoride windows. Measurements based on profilometry of the components were found to be inaccurate due to flatness variations and deformation of the tin substrate under pressure during the gluing process. The accuracy of the spectral reflectance measurements were estimated to be ±0.5 (micro)m, which was sufficient to demonstrate a convincing correlation between glue thickness and shock-generated light.

Glue Film Thickness Measurements by Spectral Reflectance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

B. R. Marshall

2010-09-20

Spectral reflectance was used to determine the thickness of thin glue layers in a study of the effect of the glue on radiance and reflectance measurements of shocked-tin substrates attached to lithium fluoride windows. Measurements based on profilometry of the components were found to be inaccurate due to flatness variations and deformation of the tin substrate under pressure during the gluing process. The accuracy of the spectral reflectance measurements were estimated to be ±0.5 μm, which was sufficient to demonstrate a convincing correlation between glue thickness and shock-generated light.

The conceptual analysis of the instructional process: Research findings on students’ teacher reflections in art education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Hajdušková

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The paper focuses on the linking pedagogical theory to teaching practicewith the aim to improve quality of education through its analytic reflection by teachersor student teachers. The text deals with the original method of didactic reflection– concept analysis. Concept analysis is characterized as a methodical instrument forreflection and evaluation of the instruction. It is based on investigation of didacticcontent transformation in educational processes and it is oriented to creative approachand experiential learning in the instruction. The explanation uses the results of research(2009–2010 on the state of didactic skills and pedagogical content knowledge of arteducation teachers during their didactic training.

Frustrated Total Internal Reflection: A Simple Application and Demonstration.

Science.gov (United States)

Zanella, F. P.; Magalhaes, D. V.; Oliveira, M. M.; Bianchi, R. F.; Misoguti, L.; Mendonca, C. R.

2003-01-01

Describes the total internal reflection process that occurs when the internal angle of incidence is equal to or greater than the critical angle. Presents a demonstration of the effect of frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR). (YDS)

Salinity and spectral reflectance of soils

Science.gov (United States)

Szilagyi, A.; Baumgardner, M. F.

1991-01-01

The basic spectral response related to the salt content of soils in the visible and reflective IR wavelengths is analyzed in order to explore remote sensing applications for monitoring processes of the earth system. The bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) was determined at 10 nm of increments over the 520-2320-nm spectral range. The effect of salts on reflectance was analyzed on the basis of 162 spectral measurements. MSS and TM bands were simulated within the measured spectral region. A strong relationship was found in variations of reflectance and soil characteristics pertaining to salinization and desalinization. Although the individual MSS bands had high R-squared values and 75-79 percent of soil/treatment combinations were separable, there was a large number of soil/treatment combinations not distinguished by any of the four highly correlated MSS bands under consideration.

Influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Pablo Sanabria Mazo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes. La muestra, seleccionada intencionalmente, estuvo conformada por cuatro hombres y cuatro mujeres, de los cuales dos de cada sexo habían iniciado su vida sexual y dos no. Las entrevistas en profundidad se analizaron con el apoyo del programa Atlas.ti. Las motivaciones para no iniciar su vida sexual se relacionaron con el amor hacia Dios y no convertir sus relaciones en un acto sexual, mientras que para iniciarla se asociaron con la exploración y la madurez espiritual. Los participantes que no habían iniciado su vida sexual estuvieron en contra de los métodos anticonceptivos artificiales al percibirlos como un elemento que solo promueve la satisfacción sexual. Se identificó que la religión influyó en las motivaciones que tuvieron los estudiantes para iniciar o no su vida sexual.

A Method of Retrieving BRDF from Surface-Reflected Radiance Using Decoupling of Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Surface Reflection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Radkevich

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF defines anisotropy of the surface reflection. It is required to specify the boundary condition for radiative transfer (RT modeling used in aerosol retrievals, cloud retrievals, atmospheric modeling, and other applications. Ground based measurements of reflected radiance draw increasing attention as a source of information about anisotropy of surface reflection. Derivation of BRDF from surface radiance requires atmospheric correction. This study develops a new method of retrieving BRDF on its whole domain, making it immediately suitable for further atmospheric RT modeling applications. The method is based on the integral equation relating surface-reflected radiance, BRDF, and solutions of two auxiliary atmosphere-only RT problems. The method requires kernel-based BRDF. The weights of the kernels are obtained with a quickly converging iterative procedure. RT modeling has to be done only one time before the start of iterative process.

The wise translator: reflecting on judgement in translator education ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The question of how one goes about teaching students to be translators is a central area of concern for translation teachers. As a reflective practitioner, I have a hunch about how to solve my problem. This paper is therefore in itself part of a reflective practicum, part of my reflection-in-action. I am in the process of restructuring ...

Reflective Subjects in Kant and Architectural Design Education

Science.gov (United States)

Rawes, Peg

2007-01-01

In architectural design education, students develop drawing, conceptual, and critical skills which are informed by their ability to reflect upon the production of ideas in design processes and in the urban, environmental, social, historical, and cultural context that define architecture and the built environment. Reflective actions and thinking…

Evaluating Multispectral Snowpack Reflectivity With Changing Snow Correlation Lengths

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Do Hyuk; Barros, Ana P.; Kim, Edward J.

2016-01-01

This study investigates the sensitivity of multispectral reflectivity to changing snow correlation lengths. Matzler's ice-lamellae radiative transfer model was implemented and tested to evaluate the reflectivity of snow correlation lengths at multiple frequencies from the ultraviolet (UV) to the microwave bands. The model reveals that, in the UV to infrared (IR) frequency range, the reflectivity and correlation length are inversely related, whereas reflectivity increases with snow correlation length in the microwave frequency range. The model further shows that the reflectivity behavior can be mainly attributed to scattering rather than absorption for shallow snowpacks. The largest scattering coefficients and reflectivity occur at very small correlation lengths (approximately 10(exp -5 m) for frequencies higher than the IR band. In the microwave range, the largest scattering coefficients are found at millimeter wavelengths. For validation purposes, the ice-lamella model is coupled with a multilayer snow physics model to characterize the reflectivity response of realistic snow hydrological processes. The evolution of the coupled model simulated reflectivities in both the visible and the microwave bands is consistent with satellite-based reflectivity observations in the same frequencies. The model results are also compared with colocated in situ snow correlation length measurements (Cold Land Processes Field Experiment 2002-2003). The analysis and evaluation of model results indicate that the coupled multifrequency radiative transfer and snow hydrology modeling system can be used as a forward operator in a data-assimilation framework to predict the status of snow physical properties, including snow correlation length.

Reflective Healthcare Systems: micro-Cycle of Self-Reflection to empower users

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Jimenez Garcia

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Data collection and reflection are considered an integrated process in Personal Informatics to help users take action towards changing behaviour. Facilitating the collection and visualization of large data sets has been a major technical challenge to guarantee meaningful and effortless information to users. However this focus results in a passive involvement of users in these stages, creating distance between the user and their data, thus hindering proper understanding of people’s current behaviours. Designing for active participation may aid users in forming a closer bond to data. Going beyond the support of visualization of performance data, this paper introduces ESTHER 1.3 as an approach to facilitate active mini cycles of self-reflection (mCR by means of in-situ self-reporting mechanisms. ESTHER 1.3 is presented as an implementation of this mini cycles in the context of physical activity and knowledge workers. A field study evaluation of 23 days with 5 users shows the opportunities of the mini cycles to engage people in deeper reflection and to support them to perform better-informed actions, as well as the challenges in the implementation of mCR elements for a specific context.

Spontaneous Self-Distancing and Adaptive Self-Reflection Across Adolescence.

Science.gov (United States)

White, Rachel E; Kross, Ethan; Duckworth, Angela L

2015-07-01

Experiments performed primarily with adults show that self-distancing facilitates adaptive self-reflection. However, no research has investigated whether adolescents spontaneously engage in this process or whether doing so is linked to adaptive outcomes. In this study, 226 African American adolescents, aged 11-20, reflected on an anger-related interpersonal experience. As expected, spontaneous self-distancing during reflection predicted lower levels of emotional reactivity by leading adolescents to reconstrue (rather than recount) their experience and blame their partner less. Moreover, the inverse relation between self-distancing and emotional reactivity strengthened with age. These findings highlight the role that self-distancing plays in fostering adaptive self-reflection in adolescence, and begin to elucidate the role that development plays in enhancing the benefits of engaging in this process. © 2015 The Authors. Child Development © 2015 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

Desarrollo de la competencia argumentativa a través de la toma de decisiones en el abordaje de la cuestión sociocientífica “uso y comercialización del PVC”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lady Carolina Achury

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Se plantea el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una estrategia de aula con la implementación de una secuencia didáctica, que se aplica a estudiantes de grado undécimo de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Dicha estrategia utiliza una metodología cualitativa a través de categorías de análisis de argumentación y toma de decisiones. Los resultados de esta experiencia de aula buscan evaluar la articulación entre la argumentación y la toma de decisiones, mediante el abordaje de la cuestión sociocientífica: uso y comercialización del Policloruro de Vinilo (PVC. En un primer momento se analizan las ideas previas de los estudiantes frente a los polímeros, específicamente el PVC, con el objetivo de establecer algunos parámetros que permitan mejorar la secuencia a implementar. Posteriormente se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las actividades planteadas de la secuencia, analizando el nivel de argumentación en la toma de decisiones que presentan los estudiantes.Development of Argumentative Competence through Decisions Making of Socio-Scientific Questions: "Use and Marketing of PVC"AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of a strategy of classroom with the implementation of a teaching sequence that applies to high school student’s (junior of a public school in Bogotá-Colombia. This strategy uses a qualitative methodology through categories of analysis of argumentation and decision making. The results of this classroom experience seeking to assess the relevance to articulate the argument in decision-making; by addressing the socio-scientific issue "use and marketing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC". At first previous ideas of students compared to polymers, specifically PVC, in order to establish some parameters to improve the sequence to implement are discussed. Subsequently, the results of the proposed activities of the sequence, analyzing the level of argumentation in the decision making of students

Seismic-reflection surveys of the Blake Ridge, R/V Cape Hatteras, 1992 and 1995; data acquisition, navigation and processing

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Michael H.; Dillon, William P.; Anton, Christopher H.; Danforth, William W.

1999-01-01

As part of an ongoing study, seismic-reflection profiles were collected over the Blake Ridge in 1992 and 1995, in order to map the volume and distribution of methane hydrate. Faulting and seafloor instabilities appear to be related to methane hydrate processes at the Blake Ridge. Seismic profiles display a prominent collapse structure at the crest, which is inferred to have resulted from the mobilization of sediment that was associated with methane hydrate dissociation.

La argumentación abstracta en Inteligencia Artificial: problemas de interpretación y adecuación de las semánticas para la toma de decisiones

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Gustavo Adrián Bodanza

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El modelo de marcos argumentativos abstractos es actualmente la herramienta más utilizada para caracterizar la justificación de argumentos derrotables en Inteligencia Artificial. Las justificciones se determinan en base a los ataques entre argumentos y se formalizan a través de semánticas de extensiones. Aquí sostenemos que, o bien algunos marcos argumentativos carecen de sentido bajo ciertas concepciones de ataque específicas, o bien las semánticas más usadas en la literatura, basadas en el concepto de defensa conocido como admisibilidad, no resultan adecuadas para justificar, en particular, argumentos para la toma de decisiones.

Enhancing Light-Trapping Properties of Amorphous Si Thin-Film Solar Cells Containing High-Reflective Silver Conductors Fabricated Using a Nonvacuum Process

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Jun-Chin Liu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We proposed a low-cost and highly reflective liquid organic sheet silver conductor using back contact reflectors in amorphous silicon (a-Si single junction superstrate configuration thin-film solar cells produced using a nonvacuum screen printing process. A comparison of silver conductor samples with vacuum-system-sputtered silver samples indicated that the short-circuit current density (Jsc of sheet silver conductor cells was higher than 1.25 mA/cm2. Using external quantum efficiency measurements, the sheet silver conductor using back contact reflectors in cells was observed to effectively enhance the light-trapping ability in a long wavelength region (between 600 nm and 800 nm. Consequently, we achieved an optimal initial active area efficiency and module conversion efficiency of 9.02% and 6.55%, respectively, for the a-Si solar cells. The results indicated that the highly reflective sheet silver conductor back contact reflector layer prepared using a nonvacuum process is a suitable candidate for high-performance a-Si thin-film solar cells.

Reflections about the mathematics teachers' formation

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Maria José de Freitas Mendes

2010-06-01

Full Text Available This paper brings some reflections about the formation of the math teacher that made part of my marsters paper and that aimed to investigate the process of formation of the math teacher. The focus of this study incided at the contributions of teaching practice in the teacher's formation above the new paradigms of formation, as a professional development and as a reflexive teacher. These reflections, from the learning and teaching process and from the meaning of form a teacher analyse the crisis and the restructuration of the teacher's formation and conclude being necessary that in the graduation courses there's a character more practice to the pedagogical formation, making possible for the future teacher to develop attitudes of autonomy, reflexion and investigation

Partial reflection data collection and processing using a small computer

Science.gov (United States)

Birley, M. H.; Sechrist, C. F., Jr.

1971-01-01

Online data collection of the amplitudes of circularly polarized radio waves, partially reflected from the D region of the earth's ionosphere, has enabled the calculation of an electron-density profile in the height region 60-90 km. A PDP 15/30 digital computer with an analog to digital converter and magnetic tape as an intermediary storage device are used. The computer configuration, the software developed, and the preliminary results are described.

Separation of irradiance and reflectance from observed color images by logarithmical nonlinear diffusion process

Science.gov (United States)

Saito, Takahiro; Takahashi, Hiromi; Komatsu, Takashi

2006-02-01

The Retinex theory was first proposed by Land, and deals with separation of irradiance from reflectance in an observed image. The separation problem is an ill-posed problem. Land and others proposed various Retinex separation algorithms. Recently, Kimmel and others proposed a variational framework that unifies the previous Retinex algorithms such as the Poisson-equation-type Retinex algorithms developed by Horn and others, and presented a Retinex separation algorithm with the time-evolution of a linear diffusion process. However, the Kimmel's separation algorithm cannot achieve physically rational separation, if true irradiance varies among color channels. To cope with this problem, we introduce a nonlinear diffusion process into the time-evolution. Moreover, as to its extension to color images, we present two approaches to treat color channels: the independent approach to treat each color channel separately and the collective approach to treat all color channels collectively. The latter approach outperforms the former. Furthermore, we apply our separation algorithm to a high quality chroma key in which before combining a foreground frame and a background frame into an output image a color of each pixel in the foreground frame are spatially adaptively corrected through transformation of the separated irradiance. Experiments demonstrate superiority of our separation algorithm over the Kimmel's separation algorithm.

Surface energy loss processes in XPS studied by absolute reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagatomi, T.; Goto, K.

2010-01-01

The results of the investigation of the inelastic interaction of 300-3000 eV electrons with the Ni and Au surfaces by the analysis of absolute reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra were described. The present analysis enables the inelastic mean free path (IMFP), surface excitation parameter (SEP) and differential SEP (DSEP) to be obtained simultaneously from an absolute REELS spectrum. The obtained IMFPs for Ni and Au showed a good agreement with those calculated using the TPP-2M predictive equation. The present SEPs determined for Ni and Au were fitted to the Chen's formula describing the dependence of the SEP on the electron energy, and material parameters for Ni and Au in Chen's formula were proposed. The present DESPs were compared with the theoretical results, and a reasonable agreement between the experimentally determined DSEPs and theoretical results was confirmed. The MC modeling of calculating the REELS spectrum, in which energy loss processes due to surface excitations are taken into account, was also described. The IMFP, SEP and DSEP determined by the present absolute REELS analysis were employed to describe energy loss processes by inelastic scattering in the proposed MC simulation. The simulated REELS spectra were found to be in a good agreement with the experimental spectra for both Ni and Au.

Inverse scattering and refraction corrected reflection for breast cancer imaging

Science.gov (United States)

Wiskin, J.; Borup, D.; Johnson, S.; Berggren, M.; Robinson, D.; Smith, J.; Chen, J.; Parisky, Y.; Klock, John

2010-03-01

Reflection ultrasound (US) has been utilized as an adjunct imaging modality for over 30 years. TechniScan, Inc. has developed unique, transmission and concomitant reflection algorithms which are used to reconstruct images from data gathered during a tomographic breast scanning process called Warm Bath Ultrasound (WBU™). The transmission algorithm yields high resolution, 3D, attenuation and speed of sound (SOS) images. The reflection algorithm is based on canonical ray tracing utilizing refraction correction via the SOS and attenuation reconstructions. The refraction correction reflection algorithm allows 360 degree compounding resulting in the reflection image. The requisite data are collected when scanning the entire breast in a 33° C water bath, on average in 8 minutes. This presentation explains how the data are collected and processed by the 3D transmission and reflection imaging mode algorithms. The processing is carried out using two NVIDIA® Tesla™ GPU processors, accessing data on a 4-TeraByte RAID. The WBU™ images are displayed in a DICOM viewer that allows registration of all three modalities. Several representative cases are presented to demonstrate potential diagnostic capability including: a cyst, fibroadenoma, and a carcinoma. WBU™ images (SOS, attenuation, and reflection modalities) are shown along with their respective mammograms and standard ultrasound images. In addition, anatomical studies are shown comparing WBU™ images and MRI images of a cadaver breast. This innovative technology is designed to provide additional tools in the armamentarium for diagnosis of breast disease.

Reflecting variable opening insulating panel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nungesser, W.T.

1976-01-01

A description is given of a reflecting variable opening insulating panel assembly, comprising a static panel assembly of reflecting insulation sheets forming a cavity along one side of the panel and a movable panel opening out by sliding from the cavity of the static panel, and a locking device for holding the movable panel in a position extending from the cavity of the static panel. This can apply to a nuclear reactor of which the base might require maintenance and periodical checking and for which it is desirable to have available certain processes for the partial dismantling of the insulation [fr

Guide on reflectivity data analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jeong Soo; Ku, Ja Seung; Seong, Baek Seok; Lee, Chang Hee; Hong, Kwang Pyo; Choi, Byung Hoon

2004-09-01

This report contains reduction and fitting process of neutron reflectivity data by REFLRED and REFLFIT in NIST. Because the detail of data reduction like BKG, footprint and data normalization was described, it will be useful to the user who has no experience in this field. Also, reflectivity and BKG of d-PS thin film were measured by HANARO neutron reflectometer. From these, the structure of d-PS thin film was analyzed with REFLRED and REFLFIT. Because the structure of thin film such as thickness, roughness and SLD was attained in the work, the possibility of data analysis with REFLRED and REFLFIT was certified

Seismic reflection imaging, accounting for primary and multiple reflections

Science.gov (United States)

Wapenaar, Kees; van der Neut, Joost; Thorbecke, Jan; Broggini, Filippo; Slob, Evert; Snieder, Roel

2015-04-01

Imaging of seismic reflection data is usually based on the assumption that the seismic response consists of primary reflections only. Multiple reflections, i.e. waves that have reflected more than once, are treated as primaries and are imaged at wrong positions. There are two classes of multiple reflections, which we will call surface-related multiples and internal multiples. Surface-related multiples are those multiples that contain at least one reflection at the earth's surface, whereas internal multiples consist of waves that have reflected only at subsurface interfaces. Surface-related multiples are the strongest, but also relatively easy to deal with because the reflecting boundary (the earth's surface) is known. Internal multiples constitute a much more difficult problem for seismic imaging, because the positions and properties of the reflecting interfaces are not known. We are developing reflection imaging methodology which deals with internal multiples. Starting with the Marchenko equation for 1D inverse scattering problems, we derived 3D Marchenko-type equations, which relate reflection data at the surface to Green's functions between virtual sources anywhere in the subsurface and receivers at the surface. Based on these equations, we derived an iterative scheme by which these Green's functions can be retrieved from the reflection data at the surface. This iterative scheme requires an estimate of the direct wave of the Green's functions in a background medium. Note that this is precisely the same information that is also required by standard reflection imaging schemes. However, unlike in standard imaging, our iterative Marchenko scheme retrieves the multiple reflections of the Green's functions from the reflection data at the surface. For this, no knowledge of the positions and properties of the reflecting interfaces is required. Once the full Green's functions are retrieved, reflection imaging can be carried out by which the primaries and multiples are

Activation of anterior insula during self-reflection.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gemma Modinos

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested activation of midline frontoparietal brain regions to be at the core of self-related processes. However, although some studies reported involvement of the insula, little attention has been paid to this region as forming part of the "self"-network. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, we aimed at replicating and extending previous studies by scanning subjects whilst reflecting upon their own personal qualities as compared to those of an acquaintance. A third condition with statements about general knowledge was used to control for attention, semantic processing and decision making processes. The results showed a significant effect of task in brain activity, consistent with previous findings, by which both person conditions recruited a common set of medial prefrontal and posterior regions, yet significant differences between self and other were found in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC. Notably, significant neural activation in the left anterior insula was observed as uniquely associated with self-reflection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results provide further evidence for the specific recruitment of anterior MPFC and ACC regions for self-related processing, and highlight a role for the insula in self-reflection. As the insula is closely connected with ascending internal body signals, this may indicate that the accumulation of changes in affective states that might be implied in self-processing may contribute to our sense of self.

Exploración sobre las decisiones estratégicas desde el pensamiento complejo.

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Luz María Rivas Montoya

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La racionalidad, las decisiones estratégicas y el pensamiento complejo motivaron la construcción del problema de esta investigación, planteado en términos del carácter limitado y reduccionista de los criterios y referentes de decisión en la visión gerencial tradicional frente a una visión compleja de la realidad humana. La exploración de este problema se realizó desde y para el campo académico de la estrategia, con el propósito de mostrar algunas de las dificultades que se presentan en la definición e implementación de una estrategia corporativa en particular. El trabajo de campo se realizó en una empresa multinegocio del sector asegurador colombiano; los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas adiversos actores de la organización. El pensamiento complejo desde la perspectiva de Edgar Morin (1990 se constituyó en el marco de referencia teórica.   La hermenéutica de la acción de Ricœur (2010 iluminó la interpretación de los datos cualitativos; para su análisis se utilizó el sistema de codificación abierta, axial, selectiva y de procesoque proponen Strauss y Corbin (2002. En términos generales, tres fueron las categorías que emergieron de los datos: sinergia, como decisión estratégica relevante; des-humanización,como uno de los efectos de la decisión estratégica en los individuos, y rupturas de tejidos relacionales, como uno de los impactos que deja la sinergia en la organización bajo estudio.

Numbers Speak Where Words Fail

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liu, Albert Fei

2017-01-01

’s decision making model, this study posits that the two forms of OCRs (i.e., numerical ratings and opinionated reviews) facilitate consumers’ decisional processes in terms of the effectiveness of constructing consideration sets and the efficiency of arriving at a final decision. Consumers’ performance......Consumers are increasingly relying on online consumer reviews (OCRs) to facilitate their decision making process as a credible source of information. This study seeks to explicate why consumers deem OCRs as helpful and how they make use of OCRs in their decision making process. By drawing on Simon...... in decisional process in turn determines the justifiability of and the confidence in their decisional outcomes. To empirically test all the hypotheses proposed in this study, a field survey was conducted on users of a custom-developed online restaurant review website equipped with OCR curation features...

Digital Storytelling as Poetic Reflection in Occupational Therapy Education: An Empirical Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lisebet S. Skarpaas

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Stories are powerful aids to reflection. Thus, the use of stories may be a pathway to enhanced reflective practice and clinical reasoning skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and how digital storytelling can contribute to occupational therapy (OT students’ learning through reflections on experiences from placement education. A cohort of OT students (n = 57 participated in a 2-day workshop to create digital stories. Data were generated through a questionnaire with a response rate of 100% of students who completed the workshop (n = 34. Quantitative analysis methods were used to reveal a level of agreement in the questionnaire statements, and qualitative content analysis was performed for the open-ended questions. The results show that the students learned through reflection on placement experiences in the digital storytelling process as they emphasized reflection as a main outcome. They highlighted the importance of sharing thoughts and reflections with peers. The students confirmed that this happens through the creative process and the use of multimodality in poetic reflection, but they were less convinced by the use of the narrative approach as a dramatic structure. The students experienced reflection and sharing as important elements in the digital storytelling process. However, investigations are needed into the use of a narrative approach to enhance reflection with larger cohorts as well as more thematic analyses.

Virtual logistics as a support for decomposition process of supply chain (conceptual reflections

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Traditionally the concept of the "supply chain" is connected with various forms of the technical, organizational and economic integration. The integration deals mainly with multilateral relations among firms, thus constituting subsequent links of products flows in supply chains and creating complex networks of business connections. Due to social and economic factors, and mainly outsourcing and resulting accent on logistics services, traditional supply chains become decomposed. Therefore, there is a need to reconsider some concepts connected with this process. Methods: The description and analysis of present and decomposing supply chains were presented and discussed. The analysis of reasons and possibilities to give up the processes of the absolute integration of supply chains in the direction of decomposed structures and the indication of possibilities to use the concept of a virtual logistics as a concept, which allows essentially such actions, was conducted. Results: The disintegration of traditional value chains is one of these kinds' concepts, which are reflected also in classic supply chains. Probably the commonly used methods of the research and analysis of these supply chains do not conduce to make decisions under conditions of the lack of the continuity of business processes. Old methods and techniques of the management do not fit fully to modern business requirements, which are probably not even fully highlighted and properly understood. Conclusions: The saturation of modern supply chains with services caused significant modifications of the logic and many mechanisms of their functioning, which in turn can lead to changes of a paradigm of the management of these more and more complex business structures. The aspirations of companies to achieve the competitive advantage on modern markets help to change the structure and the nature of supply chains, which operate on these markets, in the direction of their virtualization.

High satisfaction and low decisional conflict with advance care planning among chronically ill patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure using an online decision aid: A pilot study.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Scoy, Lauren J; Green, Michael J; Dimmock, Anne Ef; Bascom, Rebecca; Boehmer, John P; Hensel, Jessica K; Hozella, Joshua B; Lehman, Erik B; Schubart, Jane R; Farace, Elana; Stewart, Renee R; Levi, Benjamin H

2016-09-01

Many patients with chronic illnesses report a desire for increased involvement in medical decision-making. This pilot study aimed to explore how patients with exacerbation-prone disease trajectories such as advanced heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience advance care planning using an online decision aid and to compare whether patients with different types of exacerbation-prone illnesses had varied experiences using the tool. Pre-intervention questionnaires measured advance care planning knowledge. Post-intervention questionnaires measured: (1) advance care planning knowledge; (2) satisfaction with tool; (3) decisional conflict; and (4) accuracy of the resultant advance directive. Comparisons were made between patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Over 90% of the patients with heart failure (n = 24) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 25) reported being "satisfied" or "highly satisfied" with the tool across all satisfaction domains; over 90% of participants rated the resultant advance directive as "very accurate." Participants reported low decisional conflict. Advance care planning knowledge scores rose by 18% (p < 0.001) post-intervention. There were no significant differences between participants with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with advanced heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highly satisfied after using an online advance care planning decision aid and had increased knowledge of advance care planning. This tool can be a useful resource for time-constrained clinicians whose patients wish to engage in advance care planning. © The Author(s) 2016.

Key Inflammatory Processes in Human NASH Are Reflected in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice: A Translational Gene Profiling Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Martine C; Kleemann, Robert; van Koppen, Arianne; Hanemaaijer, Roeland; Verschuren, Lars

2018-01-01

Introduction: It is generally accepted that metabolic inflammation in the liver is an important driver of disease progression in NASH and associated matrix remodeling/fibrosis. However, the exact molecular inflammatory mechanisms are poorly defined in human studies. Investigation of key pathogenic mechanisms requires the use of pre-clinical models, for instance for time-resolved studies. Such models must reflect molecular disease processes of importance in patients. Herein we characterized inflammation in NASH patients on the molecular level by transcriptomics and investigated whether key human disease pathways can be recapitulated experimentally in Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice, an established pre-clinical model of NASH. Methods: Human molecular inflammatory processes were defined using a publicly available NASH gene expression profiling dataset (GSE48452) allowing the comparison of biopsy-confirmed NASH patients with normal controls. Gene profiling data from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice (GSE109345) were used for assessment of the translational value of these mice. Results: In human NASH livers, we observed regulation of 65 canonical pathways of which the majority was involved in inflammation (32%), lipid metabolism (16%), and extracellular matrix/remodeling (12%). A similar distribution of pathways across these categories, inflammation (36%), lipid metabolism (24%) and extracellular matrix/remodeling (8%) was observed in HFD-fed Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice. Detailed evaluation of these pathways revealed that a substantial proportion (11 out of 13) of human NASH inflammatory pathways was recapitulated in Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice. Furthermore, the activation state of identified master regulators of inflammation (i.e., specific transcription factors, cytokines, and growth factors) in human NASH was largely reflected in Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice, further substantiating its translational value. Conclusion: Human NASH is characterized by upregulation of specific

Facilitating ethical reflection among scientists using the ethical matrix

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Karsten Klint; Forsberg, Ellen-Marie; Gamborg, Christian

2011-01-01

Several studies have indicated that scientists are likely to have an outlook on both facts and values that are different to that of lay people in important ways. This is one significant reason it is currently believed that in order for scientists to exercise a reliable ethical reflection about...... their research it is necessary for them to engage in dialogue with other stakeholders. This paper reports on an exercise to encourage a group of scientists to reflect on ethical issues without the presence of external stakeholders. It reports on the use of a reflection process with scientists working in the area...... of animal disease genomics (mainly drawn from the EADGENE EC Network of Excellence). This reflection process was facilitated by using an ethical engagement framework, a modified version of the Ethical Matrix. As judged by two criteria, a qualitative assessment of the outcomes and the participants' own...

META-COMMUNICATION FOR REFLECTIVE ONLINE CONVERSATIONS: Models for Distance Education

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Yasin OZARSLAN

2012-01-01

Full Text Available “Meta Communication” is the process between message designers when they are talking about the learning process, as distinguished from their articulation of the “substantive” learning, itself. Therefore, it is important to understand how to design reflective online conversations and how to implement a diverse milieu for prospective online learners so that they are able to transfer their information, knowledge, and learning from theoretical forms to real life experiences. This book discusses meta-communication for reflective online conversations to provide digital people with models for distance education. This book brings together meta-communication, distance education, and models as well as reflective online conversations at the same time.The book is consisted of 321 pages covering 17 chapters. Topics covered in this book are divided into four sections: Meta-communicative knowledge building and online communications, dynamic models of meta-communication and reflective conversations, designing online messages for reflections, and meta-communicative assessments and reflective communication skills. The book's broader audience is anyone who is involved in e-learning.

MMS Observation of Shock-Reflected He++ at Earth's Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock

Science.gov (United States)

Broll, Jeffrey Michael; Fuselier, S. A.; Trattner, K. J.; Schwartz, S. J.; Burch, J. L.; Giles, B. L.; Anderson, B. J.

2018-01-01

Specular reflection of protons at Earth's supercritical quasi-perpendicular bow shock has long been known to lead to the thermalization of solar wind particles by velocity-space dispersion. The same process has been proposed for He++ but could not be confirmed previously due to insufficient time resolution for velocity distribution measurements. We present observations and simulations of a bow shock crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on 20 November 2015 indicating that a very similar reflection process for He++ is possible, and further that the part of the incoming distribution with the highest probability of reflecting is the same for H+ and He++. However, the reflection process for He++ is accomplished by deeper penetration into the downstream magnetic fields.

A importância das informações de mercado como apoio à tomada de decisões de marketing La importancia de las informaciones de mercado como apoyo en la tomada de decisiones de marketing The importance of market information as support for marketing decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Luiz Chiusoli

2009-06-01

asociaciones entre los segmentos estudiados, en el caso porte de la empresa y ramo de actividad, considerando las actividades de marketing. Ha sido posible también conocer como las organizaciones se apropian de las informaciones obtenidas para tomar las decisiones de marketing.This article studied the use of marketing information by organizations for decision making purposes. Executives often face situations requiring decisions based upon experience, without having adequate information about collection and processing of data to support decision making in marketing. Therefore in a review of pertinent literature, the subject of a marketing information system and model structure was addressed for reference as proposed by Kotler (1998. In addition a descriptive survey was made with executives responsible for marketing decisions in 110 medium to large companies in Londrina. Results showed some associations between segments studied, company size and sector of activity in relation to marketing activities. Finally it became clear how organizations make use of information obtained to make marketing decisions.

Focused beam reflectance method as an innovative (PAT) tool to monitor in-line granulation process in fluidized bed.

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Alshihabi, Firas; Vandamme, Thierry; Betz, Gabriele

2013-02-01

Fluidized bed granulation is a commonly used unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. But still to obtain and control the desired granule size is challenging due to many process variables affecting the final product. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM, Mettler-Toledo, Switzerland) is an increasingly popular particle growth analysis technique. FBRM tool was installed in two different locations inside a fluidized bed granulator (GPCG2, Glatt, Binzen) in order to monitor the granulation growth kinetics. An experimental design was created to study the effect of process variables using FBRM probe and comparing the results with the one's measured by sieve analysis. The probe location is of major importance to get smooth and robust curves. The excess feeding of binder solution might lead to agglomeration and thus to process collapse, however this phenomenon was clearly detected with FBRM method. On the other hand, the process variables at certain levels might affect the FBRM efficiency by blocking the probe window with sticky particles. A good correlation was obtained (R(2) = 0.95) between FBRM and sieve analysis mean particle size. The proposed in-line monitoring tool enables the operator to select appropriate process parameters and control the wet granulation process more efficiently.

Una visión en el proceso de la toma de decisiones en las empresas del siglo XXI desde la gestión de la información

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Liliana Ayala Guatusmal

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante los últimos años se han acrecentado las herramientas encaminadas a analizar la información como factor clave para la toma de decisiones en la empresa, clave en la Administración de una Empresa. Se considera que la información es un recurso que se encuentra en los recursos organizacionales como financieros, materiales y humanos, que hasta el momento se han constituido en la medida para evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de las habilidades empresariales. Si la Teoría económica tradicional mantenía el capital, la tierra y el trabajo como factores de estudio, la información se ha convertido, ahora, en el cuarto recurso a gestionar, superando el concepto de Economía de la Información a constituirse en una rama de la Economía (Shapiro & Hal, 2000. Desde el punto de vista empresarial el conocimiento del entorno, en un mundo mucho más complejo y cambiante, origina una necesidad cada vez más apremiante de información para la toma de decisiones, tanto para abordar nuevos mercados, como para preservar a la empresa de elementos externos que puedan afectar su estabilidad. El interés de la información externa, no debe hacer olvidar el interés por el control de los flujos internos de información que la propia empresa genera derivado de su funcionamiento. Y, finalmente, tampoco se debe olvidar la propia información que la empresa proyecta al exterior, datos, a su vez, que se convierten en información externa para otras empresas que absorben esa información.

Reflection of illumination laser from gas metal arc weld pool surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, Xiaoji; Zhang, YuMing

2009-01-01

The weld pool is the core of the welding process where complex welding phenomena originate. Skilled welders acquire their process feedback primarily from the weld pool. Observation and measurement of the three-dimensional weld pool surface thus play a fundamental role in understanding and future control of complex welding processes. To this end, a laser line is projected onto the weld pool surface in pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and an imaging plane is used to intercept its reflection from the weld pool surface. Resultant images of the reflected laser are analyzed and it is found that the weld pool surface in GMAW does specularly reflect the projected laser as in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Hence, the weld pool surface in GMAW is also specular and it is in principle possible that it may be observed and measured by projecting a laser pattern and then intercepting and imaging the reflection from it. Due to high frequencies of surface fluctuations, GMAW requires a relatively short time to image the reflected laser

Technologically Reflective Individuals as Enablers of Social Innovation*

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Rau, Christiane; Gassmann, Oliver; van den Hende, Ellis

2015-01-01

This paper identifies technologically reflective individuals and demonstrates their ability to develop innovations that benefit society. Technological reflectiveness (TR) is the tendency to think about the societal impact of an innovation, and those who display this capability in public are individuals who participate in online idea competitions focused on technical solutions for social problems (such as General Electric's eco‐challenge, the James Dyson Award, and the BOSCH Technology Horizon Award). However, technologically reflective individuals also reflect in private settings (e.g., when reading news updates), thus requiring a scale to identify them. This paper describes the systematic development of an easy‐to‐administer multi‐item scale to measure an individual's level of TR. Applying the TR scale in an empirical study on a health monitoring system confirmed that individuals' degree of TR relates positively to their ability to generate (1) more new product features and uses, (2) features with higher levels of societal impact, and (3) features that are more elaborated. This scale allows firms seeking to implement co‐creation in their new product development (NPD) process and sustainable solutions to identify such individuals. Thus, this paper indicates that companies wishing to introduce new technological products with a positive societal impact may profit from involving technologically reflective individuals in the NPD process. PMID:27134342

Technologically Reflective Individuals as Enablers of Social Innovation.

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Schweitzer, Fiona; Rau, Christiane; Gassmann, Oliver; van den Hende, Ellis

2015-11-01

This paper identifies technologically reflective individuals and demonstrates their ability to develop innovations that benefit society. Technological reflectiveness (TR) is the tendency to think about the societal impact of an innovation, and those who display this capability in public are individuals who participate in online idea competitions focused on technical solutions for social problems (such as General Electric's eco-challenge, the James Dyson Award, and the BOSCH Technology Horizon Award). However, technologically reflective individuals also reflect in private settings (e.g., when reading news updates), thus requiring a scale to identify them. This paper describes the systematic development of an easy-to-administer multi-item scale to measure an individual's level of TR. Applying the TR scale in an empirical study on a health monitoring system confirmed that individuals' degree of TR relates positively to their ability to generate (1) more new product features and uses, (2) features with higher levels of societal impact, and (3) features that are more elaborated. This scale allows firms seeking to implement co-creation in their new product development (NPD) process and sustainable solutions to identify such individuals. Thus, this paper indicates that companies wishing to introduce new technological products with a positive societal impact may profit from involving technologically reflective individuals in the NPD process.

The REFLECT approach to literacy and social change: a gender perspective.

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Cottingham, S; Metcalf, K; Phnuyal, B

1998-07-01

The introduction to this article on the participatory learning approach to literacy and social change known as REFLECT locates the origins of the approach in the philosophy of Paulo Freire and notes that REFLECT was developed by ACTIONAID in pilot projects in Uganda, Bangladesh, and El Salvador and is now used in 25 countries by 90 groups. REFLECT considers gender equity integral to social change, analyzes the causes of inequalities, creates a process for examining social stratification, addresses conflict as a reality, is an evolving process that embraces innovation, recognizes the importance of individual transformation, and seeks an equitable practice of power at all levels in the process. The article describes how REFLECT sessions are conducted and how they result in women's increased mobility, increased participation in family and community, and changes in the gender division of labor. Examples show how REFLECT sensitizes men as well as women to gender issues, especially if the implementing agency is gender-aware. The article then contrasts the "primer method" of literacy training promoted by the "Women in Development" model to REFLECT's "Gender and Development" (GAD) approach that links literacy to empowerment, raises community consciousness of women's subordination, and creates local-global links. The article concludes by discussing ways to strengthen the GAD/feminist approach in REFLECT, given the fact that it is possible to avoid gender issues in most discussions.

Reflection and Non-Reflection of Particle Wavepackets

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Cox, Timothy; Lekner, John

2008-01-01

Exact closed-form solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation are obtained, describing the propagation of wavepackets in the neighbourhood of a potential. Examples given include zero reflection, total reflection and partial reflection of the wavepacket, for the sech[superscript 2]x/a, 1/x[superscript 2] and delta(x) potentials,…

The reflective teacher education: teaching as an object of research

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Altair Alberto Fávero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The continuing education of teachers has become a compulsory subject in our time. There is a consensus among teachers and school leaders regarding the need to “educate the educators”, because the rational knowledge learned in the process of formation of teachers is not sufficient to face the complexity and the diversity of the problems that the teachers’ work demands. It is necessary and urgent, in any area from education, to reflect about the new forms of exercising the skills needed for the professional practice. In regards to teaching, reflecting in and about the practice enables the educator to reconsider their own performance. The focus of this essay is to analyze the continuing education of teachers from the paradigm of the reflective teacher.KEYWORDS: Reflective teacher, Formative process, Educational policies.

Supporting Fieldwork Learning by Visual Documentation and Reflection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Saltofte, Margit

2017-01-01

Photos can be used as a supplements to written fieldnotes and as a sources for mediating reflection during fieldwork and analysis. As part of a field diary, photos can support the recall of experiences and a reflective distance to the events. Photography, as visual representation, can also lead...... to reflection on learning and knowledge production in the process of learning how to conduct fieldwork. Pictures can open the way for abstractions and hidden knowledge, which might otherwise be difficult to formulate in words. However, writing and written field notes cannot be fully replaced by photos...... the role played by photos in their learning process. For students, photography is an everyday documentation form that can support their memory of field experience and serve as a vehicle for the analysis of data. The article discusses how photos and visual representations support fieldwork learning...

Counterfactual and Factual Reflection: The Influence of Past Misdeeds on Future Immoral Behavior.

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Gaspar, Joseph P; Seabright, Mark A; Reynolds, Scott J; Yam, Kai Chi

2015-01-01

Though the decision to behave immorally is situated within the context of prior immoral behavior, research has provided contradictory insights into this process. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that the effects of prior immoral behavior depend on how individuals think about, or reflect on, their immoral behavior. In Experiment 1, participants who reflected counterfactually on their prior moral lapses morally disengaged (i.e., rationalized) less than participants who reflected factually. In Experiment 2, participants who reflected counterfactually on their prior moral lapses experienced more guilt than those who reflected factually. Finally, in Experiments 3 and 4, participants who reflected counterfactually lied less on unrelated tasks with real monetary stakes than those who reflected factually. Our studies provide important insights into moral rationalization and moral compensation processes and demonstrate the profound influence of reflection in everyday moral life.

Effect of reflective practice education on self-reflection, insight, and reflective thinking among experienced nurses: a pilot study.

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Asselin, Marilyn E; Fain, James A

2013-01-01

A mixed-method study was conducted to determine whether nurses' participation in a reflective practice continuing education program using a structured reflection model makes a difference in nurses' self-reflection, insight, and reflective thinking about clinical practice situations. Findings suggested that use of structured reflection using question cues, written narratives, and peer-facilitated reflection increased nurses' engagement in self-reflection and enhanced reflective thinking in practice. Including reflective practice education in novice orientation and preceptor training may be beneficial.

Affective Evaluations of Exercising: The Role of Automatic-Reflective Evaluation Discrepancy.

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Brand, Ralf; Antoniewicz, Franziska

2016-12-01

Sometimes our automatic evaluations do not correspond well with those we can reflect on and articulate. We present a novel approach to the assessment of automatic and reflective affective evaluations of exercising. Based on the assumptions of the associative-propositional processes in evaluation model, we measured participants' automatic evaluations of exercise and then shared this information with them, asked them to reflect on it and rate eventual discrepancy between their reflective evaluation and the assessment of their automatic evaluation. We found that mismatch between self-reported ideal exercise frequency and actual exercise frequency over the previous 14 weeks could be regressed on the discrepancy between a relatively negative automatic and a more positive reflective evaluation. This study illustrates the potential of a dual-process approach to the measurement of evaluative responses and suggests that mistrusting one's negative spontaneous reaction to exercise and asserting a very positive reflective evaluation instead leads to the adoption of inflated exercise goals.

OLAP – Online Analytical Processing

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Azoumana Kamagate

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este procesamiento analítico le da pautas al mundo empresarial, en permitir realizar análisis multidimensional de las bases de datos de gran volumen en las organizaciones, para realizar toma de decisiones de los mismos (que son el tema de consultas especiales. Un sistema OLAP debe cumplir las reglas del Dr. Codd: Se tiene que tener una visión multidimensional de los datos; Pensar en dimensiones y métricas de Negocio. No en tablas y en campos. Abstract This analytical process sets out the guidelines for the business world by carrying out a multidimensional analysis of high volume databases in organizations for decision-making. An OLAP system should obey the rules of Dr. Codd: you should have a multidimensional vision of the data: thinking in terms of the dimensions and metrics of business. Not tables and fields.

Enhancing Reflective Practice in Multicultural Counseling through Cultural Auditing

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Collins, Sandra; Arthur, Nancy; Wong-Wylie, Gina

2010-01-01

Counselors work in an increasingly complex cultural milieu where every encounter with a client must be considered multicultural in nature. Reflective practice is a central component of professional competence and necessarily involves attention to culture. The cultural auditing model provides an effective and flexible reflective process for…

Looping up Professional Reflection in Honours Programmes

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Van Dijk, Trijntje

2012-01-01

Within the Saxion Universities in the Netherlands, a profile of the "Reflective Professional" comprises a number of competencies that the honours programmes are designed to develop and support. This article describes the process of developing these competencies. The process involves three loops of learning, characterized by three sets of…

The Clinical Learning Spiral: A Model to Develop Reflective Practitioners.

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Stockhausen, Lynette

1994-01-01

The Clinical Learning Spiral incorporates reflective processes into undergraduate nursing education. It entails successive cycles of four phases: preparative (briefing, planning), constructive (practice development), reflective (debriefing), and reconstructive (planning for change and commitment to action). (SK)

Reflection, radiation, and interference near the black hole horizon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuchiev, M.Yu.

2004-01-01

The event horizon of black holes is capable of reflection: there is a finite probability for any particle that approaches the horizon to bounce back. The albedo of the horizon depends on the black hole temperature and the energy of the incoming particle. The reflection shares its physical origins with the Hawking process of radiation; both of them arise as consequences of the mixing of the incoming and outgoing waves that takes place due to quantum processes on the event horizon

Toward theoretical understanding of the fertility preservation decision-making process: Examining information processing among young women with cancer

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Hershberger, Patricia E.; Finnegan, Lorna; Altfeld, Susan; Lake, Sara; Hirshfeld-Cytron, Jennifer

2014-01-01

Background Young women with cancer now face the complex decision about whether to undergo fertility preservation. Yet little is known about how these women process information involved in making this decision. Objective The purpose of this paper is to expand theoretical understanding of the decision-making process by examining aspects of information processing among young women diagnosed with cancer. Methods Using a grounded theory approach, 27 women with cancer participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed using constant-comparison techniques that were guided by five dimensions within the Contemplate phase of the decision-making process framework. Results In the first dimension, young women acquired information primarily from clinicians and Internet sources. Experiential information, often obtained from peers, occurred in the second dimension. Preferences and values were constructed in the third dimension as women acquired factual, moral, and ethical information. Women desired tailored, personalized information that was specific to their situation in the fourth dimension; however, women struggled with communicating these needs to clinicians. In the fifth dimension, women offered detailed descriptions of clinician behaviors that enhance or impede decisional debriefing. Conclusion Better understanding of theoretical underpinnings surrounding women’s information processes can facilitate decision support and improve clinical care. PMID:24552086

Positive Stress and Reflective Practice Among Entrepreneurs

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Kati Tikkamäki

2016-01-01

Full Text Available While heavy stress loads seem an unavoidable aspect of entrepreneurship, the positive side of stress (often referred to as ‘eustress’ remains a neglected area of research. This paper contributes to entrepreneurship research by linking the research streams of eustress and reflective practice. As a tool for analysing and developing thoughts and actions, reflective practice plays an important role in the interpretative work essential to positive stress experiences. Following an overview of approaches to stress at work, eustress and reflective practice, the paper explores how entrepreneurs experience the role of positive stress and reflective practice in their work and describes the reflective tools utilized by entrepreneurs in promoting eustress. The research process was designed to support reflective dialogue among the 21 Finnish entrepreneurs from different fields who participated in the study, with results based mainly on qualitative interviews. Nine of the interviewed entrepreneurs also kept a positive stress diary, including a three-day physiological measurement analysing their heartbeat variability. The findings suggest that positive stress and reflective practice are intertwined in the experiences of entrepreneurs and illustrate the role of reflective practice as a crucial toolset for promoting positive stress, comprising six reflective tools: studying oneself, changing one’s point of view, putting things into perspective, harnessing a feeling of trust, regulating resources and engaging in dialogue. Individual reflective capabilities vary, and a theory-driven division of reflective practice into individual, social and contextual dimensions is considered useful in understanding those differences. The research offers a starting point for exploring how eustress and reflective practice affect the well-being of entrepreneurs

Computation of Mach reflection from rigid and yielding surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buckingham, A.C.; Wilson, S.S.

1976-01-01

The present discussion centers on a theoretical description of one aspect of the irregular or Mach reflection from solid surfaces. The discussion is restricted to analytical considerations and some preliminary results using model approximations to the surface interaction phenomena. Currently, full numerical simulations of the irregular reflection surface interaction dynamics have not been obtained since the method is still under development. Discussion of the numerical method is, therefore, restricted to some special procedures for the gas-solid surface boundary dynamics. The discussion is divided into an introductory section briefly describing a particular Mach reflection process. Subsequently, some of the considerations on boundary conditions are submitted for numerical treatment of the gas-solid interface. Analysis and discussion of a yielding solid surface subjected to impulsive loading from an intense gas shock wave follows. This is used as a guide for the development of the numerical procedure. Mach reflection processes are then briefly reviewed with special attention for similitude and singular perturbation features